RAS/98/G31 - UNDP/Global Environment Facility
TumenNET
Strategic Action Programme
Eco-regional Cooperation on Biodiversity Conservation and
Protection of International Waters in NE Asia
Prepared by:
DPRK (National Coordinating Committee for Environment)
Mongolia (Ministry of Nature and Environment)
People's Republic of China (The Academy for Environmental Planning of the State Environmental
Protection Administration)
Russian Federation (All Russia Research Institute for Nature Protection)
Under guidance from the lead agent:
Republic of Korea (Ministry of Environment)
October 2002

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This TumenNET Strategic Action Programme was adopted and
signed by the Ministers of the respective countries:
On behalf of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea:
Secretary General of the National Coordinating Committee for Environment
...................................................
Date:.............
On behalf of Mongolia:
Minister of Nature and Environment
...................................................
Date:..............
On behalf of the People's Republic of China:
Minister of the State Environmental Protection Administration
...................................................
Date: ..............
On behalf of the Republic of Korea:
Minister of Environment
...................................................
Date: ..............
On behalf of the Russian Federation:
Minister of Natural Resources
...................................................
Date: ..............
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Desiring to manage development and conserve the ecosystems
of the Tumen River basin, Mongolian Plateau, the Daurian
Steppe, and the TumenNET region in general in an integrated
and sustainable manner,
The Governments of:
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
Mongolia,
The People's Republic of China,
The Republic of Korea,
and the Russian Federation,
Continuing in the spirit of the United Nations Declaration on Environment and
Development (Rio Declaration), Agenda 21, as wel as the 1995 MOU on
Environmental Principles Governing the Tumen River Economic Development
Area and Northeast Asia.
Appreciating the progress that has been made towards sustainable
development and environmental protection of the TumenNET ecosystems
through, inter alia, actions taken by TRADP, UNESCO, the Eastern Steppe
Biodiversity Project (GEF), UNESCAP, NEAC, and NEASPEC as wel as various
national and local actions to date;
Recognizing the unique biological heritage of the TumenNET region, with its
diverse array of environmental challenges and their global importance in relation
to climate change and conservation of wild fauna and flora;
Intending, based on national priorities, to mobilize funds and resources and
reinforce cooperation with international financial institutions and donors to
support concrete activities in the TumenNET region designed to protect
transboundary biodiversity and water resources;
Relying on the political will of all TumenNET countries to realize this SAP
through cooperation at the regional level and the executive national level,
including the commitment to create all the national prerequisites for effective
implementation and to mobilize national, local, public, and private resources;
Welcoming the national initiatives taken to ratify or accede to international
conventions to manage living resources sustainably and to protect the
TumenNET ecosystems, including the Convention on Biological Diversity,
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, World Heritage Convention, UN
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Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN Convention to Combat
Desertification, and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Conscious of the importance of the initiatives taken by non-governmental
organisations towards biodiversity conservation and safeguarding international
water resources;
Concerned about the fragmented nature of regional environmental
management and the urgent need to strengthen and jointly engage TumenNET
countries in the co-ordination and conservation of the natural resources and
ecosystems of the TumenNET in an integrated fashion;
Convinced of the pressing need to take further concrete actions nationally and
collectively, at local, national and regional levels, to ensure transboundary co-
operation and the integrated sustainable management and protection of living
resources in the TumenNET region;
Committed to capacity building for sustainable development at national and
regional levels;
Acknowledging the significant contribution made through the results of the
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) in the development of the Strategic
Action Programme (SAP) and towards integrating the information necessary for
policy planning throughout the TumenNET region;
Commit themselves to agree on the fol owing principles, policies, and actions.
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SUMMARY
The overarching goal of the TumenNET Strategic Action Programme (SAP) is to
elucidate a suite of regional policy priorities and national action commitments to
address the international dimensions of biodiversity loss and water issues in a
manner that is sustainable, transparent, and democratic. This SAP should be
considered a living document that builds upon the significant cooperative work
already completed by the participating countries to protect their shared natural
heritage as responsible stewards allegiant to present and future generations.
Based largely upon a series of bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements and a
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) conducted under the project, this SAP
prioritizes the threats to transboundary biodiversity and international waters, lists
regionally negotiated policies designed to remedy the priority threats, and
elaborates concrete national actions to fol ow-up on the regional policies. These
threats, policies, and actions are grouped according to the four TumenNET
zones: the Tumen River basin, Daurian Steppe, Mongolian Plateau, and the
Supra-Regional Zone (which encompasses the entire region).
The main regional threats can be thematically grouped as fol ows:
Water pollution in the Tumen River basin from urban, industrial, and
agricultural sources negatively affects international waters, wetlands, fauna
and flora, the Tumen River estuary, as wel as local residents;
Worsening land degradation/desertification and inadequate water
management in the Mongolian Plateau and Daurian Steppe negatively affects
biodiversity and drives region-wide impacts such as dust storms;
Accelerating loss of habitats and ecosystem functions throughout the region
due to development activities degrades biodiversity.
The policy actions to remedy the threats above center on, but are not limited to,
the fol owing:
Strengthened environmental management structures and environmental
awareness raising to more effectively implement and enforce laws and
regulations;
Enhanced cooperative mechanisms and international ties to better respond
to regional environmental threats.
Improved management and extension of Nature Protected Areas (NPA), as
wel as the establishment of eco-corridors to link the NPAs;
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All of the TumenNET countries have already devoted financial and human
resources to protect the region's biodiversity and international water resources,
and are seeking funding sources and strategies to sustain and enhance their
respective national interventions in order to implement this SAP.
It is anticipated that this SAP will help channel resources and green investment
to assist the TumenNET countries' cooperative initiatives to protect the region's
shared environmental endowment.
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CONTENTS
Chapter

Page
Introduction
1
I. Current Status: Transboundary Management of
Biodiversity And International Water Resources
4
II. Threat Analysis
7
A. Tumen River Basin Zone
B. Daurian Steppe Zone
C. Mongolian Plateau Zone
D. Supra-Regional Zone
III. Regional and National Action Commitments
10
A. Tumen River Basin Zone
11
B. Daurian Steppe Zone
18
C. Mongolian Plateau Zone
22
D. Supra-Regional Zone
27
IV. National Resources Analysis
32
A. Finance & Budgets
B. Policies & Strategies
C. Community Involvement
D. Green Investment & Industry
E. Information Management
V. SAP Implementation
37
VI. Annexes
39
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INTRODUCTION
The aim of the TumenNET Strategic Action Programme is to protect
transboundary biodiversity and international waters, and to facilitate the
achievement of this goal by attracting green investment to the region.
Safeguarding the environment in the TumenNET area is one of the great
challenges for Northeast Asia. This is not only because of the globally significant
variety of flora and fauna present, or the complexity of the environmental issues
themselves (water pollution, land and soil degradation, poaching, wetland
deterioration, loss of species, and shrinking habitats for migratory birds), but also
to the complex interplay between population growth and rapid economic growth.
Especial y in the urban areas, this dynamic has resulted in high population
densities in some areas, and has exacerbated land degradation, deforestation,
and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. There was therefore an urgent
need to develop this SAP for the TumenNET area.
TumenNET is the abbreviated name for UNDP/GEF project RAS/98/G31,
otherwise known as Preparation of a Strategic Action Programme and
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Tumen River Area, its coastal regions
and related Northeast Asian Environs. The project is a 2-year, 6.8 million USD
initiative by the Governments of Mongolia, the People's Republic of China, the
Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation, and received funding from the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) and support from the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP). The United Nations Office for Project
Services (UNOPS) managed the project. The Democratic People's Republic of
Korea has decided to become involved in selected components of the project,
most notably negotiating a tri-lateral agreement with the PRC and RF to address
issues related to the Tumen River watershed and marine pollution.
TumenNET can be considered under the umbrella of the Tumen River Area
Development Programme (TRADP), a long-term UNDP economic development
initiative with similar geographic coverage as TumenNET.
The GEF expects that the TumenNET SAP will contribute to the protection of
global biodiversity and international water resources through the mitigation of
regional and national threats, and by strengthening cooperation and capacity in
the five-country area.
This SAP is organized around four zones that overlay international borders ­ the
Tumen River basin (TRZ), Daurian Steppe (DSZ), the Mongolian Plateau (MPZ),
and the Supra-Regional Zone (SRZ) (see regional map on page 3). The SAP
formulation process required the region's countries to first identify national
priorities and threats by zone (first elucidated in the TDA), negotiate regional
interventions for each zone, and finally, elaborate specific national action
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Introduction
commitments to support environmental improvements. To facilitate this process,
national consensus was secured via national workshops of decision makers and
stakeholders.
This SAP document also draws upon the national development strategies and
legal and environmental management frameworks of the participating countries,
as wel as international conventions such as the CBD, Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands, and CITES, among others. Also informing SAP are various inputs
resulting from project activities such as a Governor's Memorandum of
Understanding, outputs from SAP and TDA workshops, recommendations on
SRZ interventions and issues, an agreement with the Federation of Korean
Industries, and EIA workshop recommendations.
This SAP was prepared with the financial assistance of the GEF, whose support
is greatly appreciated. The SAP preparation is a collaborative effort that drew
upon the resources of the GEF and the participating countries themselves. The
ROK Ministry of Environment, as lead agent, contributed to the collection and
analysis of the information, coordinated the combination of the different
components, and drove the SAP formulation process.
Community involvement and extensive stakeholder consultations are integral
aspects of the SAP process. Under the project's AWARE component, funds
were provided to conduct media campaigns in the immediate target areas and to
inform and educate local stakeholders (government, business, communities)
about the project's goals and objectives. At the same time, the Small Grants
Programme (SGP) provided resources to local villagers, assisting in
environmental grassroots education and self-help measures. Under the project's
"Green School" initiative, 17 primary and secondary schools in the region
introduced environmental information in their curricula. The project's "Clean-up
Day" initiative mobilized local communities to collect rubbish from local rivers and
waterways. A total of ten websites were set up under the project's EIS
component to provide current information on the project and on local and
regional biodiversity and international water issues in English, Chinese, Korean,
Mongolian, and Russian languages.
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Introduction
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I. CURRENT STATUS: TRANSBOUNDARY MANAGEMENT OF
BIODIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES
The TumenNET region is a mosaic of socio-economic factors, geography,
resources, management practices, opportunities, and administrative and
institutional capacities, necessitating differentiated interventions and responses.
It is not surprising, then, that the current status of biodiversity and water
resources varies dramatically in each of the four TumenNET zones. Until now,
transboundary biodiversity and international water resources in the region have
benefited from very few targeted, internationally coordinated interventions at the
national level.
There is a legacy of fragmented national and international environmental
management in the four zones of the TumenNET region ­ an absence of co-
ordinated planning and integration, poor legal frameworks, lack of enforcement
and implementation of existing regulatory instruments, insufficient public
involvement, unbalanced regional capacity development, inadequate financial
mechanisms of support, as wel as inadequate capacity to monitor and assess
ecosystems.
These human factors are superimposed on complex, sensitive transborder
ecosystems which have highly variable environments, resulting in declines in
populations of key species, compromised water quality and loss of watershed
functions, unsustainable agriculture and forestry, uncertainty regarding
ecosystem status and yields, increasing residential and industrial pollution,
worsening desertification and dust storms, habitat destruction and alteration, and
loss of biotic integrity. All of these effects have significant transboundary
implications. The challenge is to halt this changing state of the TumenNET
region and, where possible, to reverse the process through co-operative regional
actions at the national level to manage shared ecological resources on an
integrated and sustainable basis.
This challenge is heightened by ambitious national development plans that are
certain to result in additional ecological stress if national actions are not taken
promptly to integrate economic planning with environmental concerns.
Current Environmental Issues
Unsustainable agricultural activities and forestry as wel as inadequate land-use
planning are driving land degradation and desertification near the borders
between Mongolia, the PRC, and Russia; in the Tumen River basin these
stresses combine with industrial activities to severely compromise water quality.
In particular, land degradation in eastern Mongolia (driven in large part by open
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Chapter I: Current Status
access) results in increasingly severe dust storms across the entire TumenNET
region and beyond. In both the steppe and Tumen basin, various ecosystems,
biological diversity, and ecological integrity suffer as a result.
Deterioration in water quality at local and regional levels poses a threat to
sustainable development, community livelihoods, ecosystem integrity, and
human health, especial y in the Tumen River basin. Although most impacts of
chronic deterioration in water quality are localised national issues, they are
common to all countries and require collective, transboundary action to address
them. Moreover, chronic pollution and catastrophic events can have widespread
transboundary consequences, requiring co-operative management and sharing
of knowledge, equipment, and technology.
Habitat destruction and ecosystem degradation are occurring at an accelerated
pace in all TumenNET zones. Although most impacts appear localised, habitat
alterations attributable to unsustainable agricultural and livestock management
practices, urbanization, mining, industrial and residential waste, and land
transport are causing migration of biota, extinction of species, and systemic
change throughout ecosystems.
Throughout the region, declining populations of rare wildlife, especial y large
mammals and migratory birds, continue to be a major cause for concern
requiring immediate remedial action. Endemic species such as the Amur tiger,
Far-eastern leopard, white-tailed gazel e, cranes and other birds are now on the
threshold of extinction. Increased loss of biotic integrity, such as changes in
community composition, species, and diversity, threaten the biodiversity of the
TumenNET region as a whole.
Complicating this trend is the fact that national boundaries do not coincide with
ecosystem boundaries, and much of the region's important biota is shared
between countries or move across national borders. Dangers to a species in one
country due to past and continued habitat fragmentation or alteration, poaching,
or general mismanagement can therefore lead to depletion of that species in
another country, as wel as negative changes to the ecosystem as a whole. Many
natural resource management challenges are transboundary in nature and
require collective and co-operative action by member states to address them.
Current Constraints
There is vastly unequal distribution across countries of institutional,
infrastructural, financial, and human capacity to ful y assess, jointly or nationally,
the ecological status of the TumenNET region as a whole, or to adequately
assess and respond to transboundary resources and impacts.
The main constraints to remedial action include: governmental policies that
correspond insufficiently or inadequately to environmental requirements and to
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Chapter I: Current Status
cross-border issues like poaching and smuggling of wildlife artefacts; uncertainty
about land ownership; lack of proper legal frameworks and standards; weak
policy implementation caused by lack of capacity and financial resources;
disregard of government regulations; lack of adequate eco-tourism infrastructure;
missing agreements and mechanisms for management of transboundary
protected areas; outdated technologies and farming systems; administrative and
financial bottlenecks for investors; inadequate physical and economic
development planning; and, last but not least, the absence of jointly managed
monitoring and management systems for transboundary environmental issues.
Anticipated Situation Without Intervention
Without coordinated national actions, the current situation will continue to
deteriorate, threatening the ability of communities to provide livelihoods,
compromising sustained and balanced economic development, and preventing
future generations from enjoying their inalienable right to the natural heritage
stewarded by TumenNET countries. In particular, these negative impacts
include: increasingly serious fragmentation of large ecosystems; further reduction
of rare and precious plants and animals in both numbers and species;
malfunction of water systems; further loss and modification of forest ecosystems;
further loss of habitats; accelerating water and soil erosion; further decrease of
soil quality; gradual decrease of wetlands area; and unsustainable development
of natural resources.
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II. THREAT ANALYSIS
The root causes of the major transboundary threats to biodiversity and
international waters across the region are complex, intertwined, and varied,
depending on the diverse natural environments, socio-economic profiles, and
administrative structures in the four TumenNET zones. For this reason, unique
threats to biodiversity and water resources are presented in the text below by
zone, prioritized by the participating countries through bilateral or multilateral
negotiations. However, there are some common themes across all zones, which
are highlighted in table 1 below. Greater detail is presented in the Transboundary
Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which forms the basis for this analysis.
Table 1: Summary of the major root causes of ecological threats in the TumenNET region
Environmental problems
Natural Issues (Causes)
Human Issues (Causes)
Land and wetlands
· Low rainfall
·Livestock herds too big or intensive in
degradation
· High winds
some areas (due to open access)
(local and region-wide dust
· Extreme temperature
· Inappropriate mining and industry
storms, desertification, loss of
· Thin topsoil
practices
topsoil and other erosion,
· Steep slopes
· Inappropriate cultivation practices
decrease in fertility of pasture
· Fires
· Multi-tracking (off-road traffic)
and croplands)
· Aridisation
· Fires
· Wetland reclamations
· Inappropriate development projects
Deforestation
· Fires
· Destructive and unregulated commercial
(depletion of limited but
· Insects
logging techniques
available forest resources)
· Slow growth rates for
· Insufficient and poorly managed
natural and replanted
reforestation
regeneration
· Unregulated cutting for domestic fuel
· Fires
Loss of biodiversity
The same natural causes of
· Hunting and poaching
land degradation lead to
· Inappropriate development projects
loss of species and habitats
· Overgrazing
· Pollution
· Deforestation
· New transport routes
· Military activities
Water and air pollution
· Fires
· Overall inefficiency in manufacturing and
(generally localized or urban
· High winds
natural resource extraction, which results in
problems)
· Low flow-rates in rivers
excessive energy/inputs use and waste
for most of the year
· Coal burning in power plants and
· Localized temperature
industrial boilers
inversions
· Increase in the number of vehicles, often
old and poorly maintained
· Inappropriate use and disposal of
chemicals
· Inappropriate disposal of solid and liquid
waste
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Chapter II: Threat Analysis
A. Tumen River Basin Zone (TRZ)
A.1 The major transboundary threats in the Tumen River basin are, in order
from highest to lowest priority: industry (including coal mining and paper
manufacturing in The PRC and iron ore mining in the DPRK), urbanization,
agriculture, inappropriate management of water and land-use, unsustainable
forestry, forest fires, transport networks, unsustainable management of
protected areas and species, and high-impact tourism.
A.2 Water pollution in the Tumen River and its tributaries is a particularly
significant problem, requiring urgent action to address the root causes, which
are waste and run-off from industry, agriculture, and municipalities.
B. Daurian Steppe Zone (DSZ)
B.1 Russia and Mongolia have prioritized the major transboundary threats in
the Daurian Steppe as land degradation, deterioration of wetlands, poaching
or over-utilization of species, and habitat loss. The root causes driving these
threats are identified largely as overgrazing due to unsustainable water, land,
and pasture management; lack of use of environmentally friendly technology in
the mining and agricultural sectors; as wel as natural disasters such as strong
sand and dust storms and steppe fires.
B.2 The participating countries are concerned about significant knowledge
gaps in the status of biodiversity, as wel as lack of data on sources or
amounts of transboundary water and air pollution.
C. Mongolian Plateau Zone (MPZ)
C.1 Mongolia and the PRC agree that the most significant threats in the
Mongolian Plateau are: land degradation and desertification (driven by poor
agricultural practices including overgrazing), wetland deterioration, ecosystem
fragmentation, deforestation, poaching, as wel as natural disasters such as
strong sand and dust storms and steppe fires.
C.2 Land degradation and desertification is a particularly serious problem
requiring concerted cooperation to remedy, as the resulting dust storms
negatively affect economic activities and human health throughout and
beyond the TumenNET region, in addition to the local economic impacts
resulting from lost pasture and agricultural land.
D. Supra-Regional Zone (SRZ)
D.1 The Supra-Regional Zone, covering the entire TumenNET region, has a
number of assets that are crucial components for maintaining transboundary
biodiversity and water resources; these assets have been identified by the
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Chapter II: Threat Analysis
countries as wetlands, migratory birds and other fauna, marine ecosystems,
forest and steppe ecosystems, air quality, and rare plants.
D.2 Threats not specific to one location occur throughout the region and have
been identified by the participating countries as fol ows: degradation of
wetlands, urbanization impacts, soil erosion and land degradation, transport
networks, poaching and illegal trading, forest and steppe fires, transboundary
dust and sand storms and air pollution, high-impact tourism, inappropriate
agriculture, and unsustainable forest exploitation.
D.3 The TumenNET countries are concerned about rapidly emerging threats
that have not been ful y analyzed in the TDA due to their timely nature. These
include a recently planned project in Russia to provide oil products to the Asia-
pacific region via oil pipelines in the DSZ and TRZ and a proposed oil terminal
in Khasansky district, etc.
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III. REGIONAL AND NATIONAL ACTION COMMITMENTS
In order to protect shared biodiversity and water resources, the governments of
the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia, the People's Republic of
China, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation have committed
themselves to the development of sustainable integrated management and
utilisation of living resources and international waters through the following suite
of policy actions:
Assumptions Common to all Actions
Recognizing that there are common themes and assumptions underlying
coordinated national actions in and across all four TumenNET zones, the
participating countries agree on the fol owing assumptions as crucial components
of regionally negotiated policies and national actions designed to remedy threats
to transboundary biodiversity and waters in each TumenNET zone.
The concept of sustainable development shall be used in a way that does
not destroy the ecological integrity of the TumenNET region, or otherwise
foreclose on options for use by future generations.
The precautionary principle shall be applied, and preventive measures taken
when there are reasonable grounds for concern that an activity may increase
potential hazards to human health or ecosystems, or that may damage
amenities, even when there is no conclusive evidence of a causal relationship
between the activity and undesirable effects.
The use of economic and policy instruments that foster sustainable
development shall be promoted through, inter alia, the implementation of
economic incentives for introducing environmentally friendly technologies,
activities and practices; the phasing-out of subsidies or incentives which
encourage the continuation of environmentally unfriendly technologies,
activities and practices; the introduction of user fees and the polluter pays
principle; as wel as the auditing of natural resources and environment.
Environmental, ecosystem, and human health considerations shall be
incorporated into all relevant policies and sectoral plans, especially those
concerning agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, wetlands, transport, and
industry, including mining and power generation.

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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
A. Tumen River Basin Zone (TRZ)
TRZ Regional Policy Actions
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China, and
the Russian Federation have agreed on the fol owing prioritized suite of regional
policy actions (followed by concrete national action commitments below) to
address transboundary threats to biodiversity and international waters in the
TRZ:
A.1 Improve water quality in the Tumen River basin
The three riparian countries agree to protect water quality of the Tumen River
through such activities as establishing a monitoring system, conducting
studies on water quality, exchanging information and data, improving
management of wastewater and sewage, and enhancing public awareness.
A.2 Regularly exchange information: monitoring data and techniques,
standards, and national pollutant inventories
The DPRK, PRC, and Russia agree to regularly exchange environmental
information on the Tumen River basin, in accordance with national laws and
regulations. Items include monitoring data and techniques, standards, and
national pollutant inventories. To facilitate the information exchanges, the
countries agree to explore and identify administrative procedures, establish a
timetable for exchanges, and implement related capacity building measures
such as regional training courses, personnel exchanges, and possible
assistance in compiling pollutant inventories.
A.3 Exchange know-how on wastewater treatment techniques and information
on regulatory frameworks
All TRZ countries agree that wastewater treatment is key to alleviating water
pollution. To this end, the countries agree to carry out capacity building
measures (e.g., regional training courses, expert exchanges) and fix a
timetable/schedule to exchange know-how on wastewater treatment
techniques and information on regulatory frameworks.
A.4 Initiate regional pilot projects for remediation of polluted areas
The DPRK, PRC, and Russia resolve to identify and prepare pilot projects to
attract funding for large-scale remediation projects. The countries wil
exchange know-how on remediation methods and techniques and implement
capacity building measures such as regional training courses and personnel
exchanges.
A.5 Support Nature Protection Areas
The three countries agree to enlarge, enhance, and/or establish Nature
Protection Areas (NPA) to protect ecosystems as wel as threatened species
such as the Amur tiger, Far-eastern leopard, and various migratory birds (as
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
noted in the TDA). Goals include strengthened NPA management, stricter and
more comprehensive ecosystem management, increased public information
and awareness raising measures.
A.6 Establish eco-corridors between NPAs
Three co-corridors shall be established in the PRC and Russia to link NPAs.
These corridors are situated within national boundaries, as may be seen on
the map below in light blue shading.
Note: The map above may not correspond exactly
to international borders.
A.7 Protect wetlands
The PRC and Russia agree to initiate concrete projects to recover and protect
wetlands in southwestern Primorie and in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture.
A.8 Protect the marine environment
The DPRK, PRC, and Russia agree on the need to implement a collection of
measures to protect the marine environment. In particular, the countries aim to
enhance national and regional capacities for monitoring the Tumen River
mouth and coastal areas by securing monitoring equipment and materials,
holding regional training courses, and exchanging personnel. The TRZ
countries will also compile and share inventories of pollutant sources, and
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
lastly, jointly develop a plan for the sustainable management of marine
resources.
A.9 Raise public awareness of environmental threats in the TRZ
The riverine countries are in agreement of the necessity to raise public
awareness of environmental issues in the Tumen River basin. Specific efforts
include enhancing capacity of grassroots organizations, implementing targeted
mass media campaigns, continuing community initiatives such as Green
Schools and Clean Up Day, implementing small grants programmes and/or
micro-credits at the community level, preparing and distributing environmental
education materials, developing a web-based EIS for the Tumen River basin,
and other activities to mainstream public awareness of environmental issues.
A.10 Cooperate on sustainable development
The three countries agree on the need to harmonize development plans and
economic activities with environmental goals. To this end, the countries aim to
develop a regional programme of activities to improve or introduce sustainable
techniques the natural resource sector, including agriculture, forestry, water
management, wetlands, and mining. Lastly, the riverine countries wil
exchange information on biodiversity regularly, including endangered and rare
species and their habitats, potential ecological corridors, biodiversity
inventories, etc.
A.11 Cooperate on funding for environmental interventions
All three countries face limited financial resources to ful y address threats to
biodiversity and international waters, and thus resolve to cooperate in seeking
funding. Specific actions include establishing a joint data base and/or
publication on potential projects in national and donor country languages,
encouraging inter-ministerial collaboration among countries for project
proposal formulation and pursuing joint approaches to donors, creating or
enhancing favourable investment conditions to attract private sector funding,
and lastly, working with industry associations to promote investment
opportunities.
A.12 Promote eco-tourism
The PRC and Russia agree to promote eco-tourism where appropriate and
establish the necessary infrastructure to support tourism that is
environmentally sound and sustainable.
A.13 Build legal and policymaking capacity
The three countries agree that, while environmental laws governing the TRZ
are generally wel -crafted, capacity must be strengthened in two critical areas:
1) implementing and enforcing national environmental laws, and 2)
strengthening diverse stakeholder participation in policy and legal formulation.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
TRZ National Actions
To support to the six regional policy actions above, the DPRK, PRC, and Russia
have developed and committed themselves to implementing the fol owing
prioritized concrete national actions, the details of which are elucidated with cost
estimates and financial resources in annexes 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectively:
North Hamgyong Province and Rason City, DPRK
A.14 Recover forest ecosystems with integrated water basin management
This project aims to recover degraded forest ecosystems through the fol owing
actions: development of an integrated water basin management plan by 2010;
large-scale afforestation and reforestation of damaged forests, including
establishment of tree nurseries/plantations to facilitate sustainable
transplanting of tree cover; and creation of a forest management and
monitoring system for the entire area, especial y focusing on
reforested/afforested areas. The implementation of these actions will help
alleviate land degradation, soil erosion and flooding, recover and protect
threatened flora and fauna, and restore wetlands in the Tumen River estuary.
Pre-requisites for achieving these project objectives include capacity building
for developing an integrated water basin management plan, improving
necessary infrastructure, enhancing public awareness, and securing financial
support.
A.15 Build capacity at the Rason Environment and Development Center
(REDC)
The purpose of this project is to strengthen the ability of the REDC to perform
its intended role as the principal environmental research institution responsible
for managing ecological and technical issues in the area, including surveys,
studies, and analyses on natural resources, environmental planning, providing
technical services, and training. The project will also enable the REDC to
participate to a greater extent in information exchange and cooperation with
domestic and international entities. The most important constraint to
environmentally sound development in the area is the lack of capacity for the
REDC to ful y respond to environmental issues in the area.
A.16 Treat tailings from the Musan Mining Complex
This project, proposed by the TumenNET fact finding mission in summer
2001, aims to treat the tailings of the Musan Mining Complex, which is one of
the major contributors to water pollution in the Tumen River basin. In
particular, Musan engineers have already developed plans and designs to
modernize and improve tailings treatment facilities, but these plans must be
updated in line with international standards in order to facilitate a 2003 pre-
feasibility study of the Mining Complex.
A.17 Conserve Bonpo wetlands
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
This action seeks to establish the Bonpo Wetland Reserve, conduct and
inventory of the Bonpo ecosystem, recover damaged habitats, and identify
income sources from sustainable use of wetlands. Specifically, the DPRK and
Russia plan to conduct joint research on the Tumen estuary including Bonpo
Lake, develop infrastructure required for wetland reserve management, and
conduct training for wetland managers.
A.18 Initiate oil spill prevention measures in Rason ports
This project aims to build capacity, where none currently exists, to respond to
and prevent oil spills in the Rajin-Sonbong area. Detailed actions include
developing related laws and regulations, institutional and technical capacity
building, and conducting training courses on treating oil spills.
A.19 Introduce municipal sewage treatment in Rason and Hoeryong
This project aims to establish the first municipal sewage treatment plants for
these two cities with a combined population of 100,000. There are currently no
activities or measures for treating urban sewage in Rason and Hoeryong
cities; Hoeryong is one of the largest contributors of domestic sewage to the
Tumen River. Specific items in this project include purchasing equipment and
facilities, plant construction, and conducting training programmes.
A.20 Construct a wastewater treatment system at Hoeryong Paper Mill
Hoeryong Paper Mill lacks basic water treatment facilities, and discharges
untreated wastewater into a branch of the Tumen River. This project aims to
counter this pollution source by establishing a wastewater treatment process
for the mill. This effort requires securing equipment and constructing facilities.
A.21 Establish a wastewater treatment system at Undok Chemical Factory
The Undok Chemical Factory aims to establish capacity to treat its organic
wastewater by purchasing equipment and developing facilities to enable
adoption of a purification process.
Jilin Province, PRC
A.22 Conserve biodiversity and enhance management at Hunchun provincial
NPA
This project aims to restore wetlands and other natural habitats for wild fauna,
and recover and protect threatened vegetation through the fol owing concrete
actions: monitor Amur tiger and Far-eastern leopard populations and construct
migratory passages; disseminate education materials on biodiversity
conservation; implement various activities to rehabilitate and protect wetland
habitats of migratory birds including the restoration of habitats; restore and
protect endemic vegetation; and establish a wild animal rescue center.
A.23 Conserve biodiversity and enhance management at Changbai (Baekdu)
mountain national NPA
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
The Changbai project's central goals are to establish and clarify a
management system for park management and ecosystem-level conservation,
strengthen ecological research capacity, and strengthen protection of
threatened flora, fauna and ecosystems. These goals will be accomplished by
building and improving necessary infrastructure; enhancing ecosystem
monitoring and research capacity; implementing remote sensing; training park
staff; establishing a rescue center for wild animals and a garden for rare
plants; and improving the current museum.
A.24 Create an education/awareness network in the Tumen River basin
The objective of this broad array of activities is to raise public awareness of
threats to the Tumen River watershed and involve residents in solutions.
Specific actions include organizing network contacts and disseminating
materials, acquiring equipment, creating new materials in a variety of media,
conducting training seminars, establishing green schools (i.e., continuing the
network started under TumenNET), and maintaining a hotline.
A.25 Raise awareness and build capacity in the Changbai Mountain area
This collection of activities aims to enhance environmental awareness among
the public and tourists, raise administrative capacity, and conduct promotional
activities concerning environmental issues affecting the Changbai Mountain
area. Concrete actions include producing and disseminating a video and other
media on conservation issues; building a comprehensive database of flora
and fauna in the Changbai area; filling research gaps; establishing a website
for Changbai National Park, and miscellaneous public outreach programmes.
A.26 Treat wastewater in Yanji City
This intervention will enhance and protect water quality in the Tumen River
basin by building a wastewater treatment plant (partially funded) in Yanji City,
along with the accompanying sewerage (already funded). Additional actions
include conducting staff training courses and securing equipment needed for
plant operation and water analysis.
Primorskii Krai, Russian Federation
A.27 Monitor distribution and reduce generation of water pollutants
The goals of these interventions are to enhance and protect water quality and
landscape elements, and minimize pollution generation (especial y industrial
waste and solid waste). Concrete measures include the establishment of a
permanent monitoring station at the Tumen estuary; research on
transboundary pollution transfers including marine pollution; creation of a
regional database; and implementation of regular monitoring data exchanges.
A.28 Minimize and reverse degradation of ecosystems in southwestern
Primorie
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (TRZ)
Targeted ecosystems include grasslands, primary forests, wetlands, and
marine ecosystems. Concrete actions to which budget resources have been
allocated include: introduction of fire fighting and prevention measures (i.e.,
fire fighting brigades and a fire prevention belt system); conversion of low-
value plantations into woodland habitats; efforts to combat illegal logging; the
addition of wetlands to the Ramsar list and strengthened monitoring and
protection of existing Ramsar sites; and alteration of Primorskii Krai legislation
to encourage landowner responsibility for biodiversity conservation.
A.29 Prevent biodiversity loss
This series of actions aims to ameliorate activities that lead to ecosystem
transformation and biodiversity loss through the fol owing suite of concrete
measures: create a unified NPA system (targeting tiger and leopard habitats)
in southwestern Primorie; initiate zoning process and legislative review for the
establishment and management of eco-corridors and new public lands for the
NPA system in the border area; strengthen the status of Khasansky Nature
Park; initiate an incentive system for local land managers to enforce
conservation of selected endangered species; and purchase deer farms to
support eco-tourism and leopard feeding.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (DSZ)
B. Daurian Steppe Zone (DSZ)
DSZ Regional Policy Actions
Mongolia and the Russian Federation have agreed on the fol owing prioritized
suite of regional policy actions (followed by concrete national action
commitments below) to address threats to transboundary biodiversity and
international waters in the DSZ:
B.1 Expand and strengthen Nature Protection Areas
The Russian Federation and Mongolia agree to coordinate efforts to establish
new NPAs in border areas, strengthen legal and regulatory systems, raise
public awareness and community involvement, help secure sustainable
livelihoods for human communities in the buffer zones, establish joint
management of border NPAs, and consider nomination of protected areas as
UNESCO World Heritage sites.
B.2 Prevent land degradation and ecosystem fragmentation
Both countries will focus efforts on addressing land degradation and
fragmentation by expanding reforestation and soil improvement activities,
conducting surveys and establishing monitoring systems to fill knowledge
gaps, utilizing selected traditional agricultural practices that are inherently
sustainable (i.e., nomadic livestock breeding, natural meadow management,
etc.), improving regional and urban planning, encouraging greater community
involvement, and by reviewing and implementing legislative and economic
tools to encourage sustainable land-use.
B.3 Conserve water quality and water ecosystems
The two countries recognize the importance of being good stewards of their
shared water resources. Cooperative efforts will center on managing and
monitoring water quality in the Onon and Ingoda rivers, introducing
programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands, developing
databases to help assess and manage wetlands important for endangered
waterfowl, and promoting ecologically sustainable mining practices.
B.4 Conserve species and ecosystems
The two countries agree to collaborate on ecosystem conservation, especial y
near economic centers, in order to protect endangered species' habitats.
Efforts include applying seasonal hunting restrictions in transboundary flyways
during migrations, building and publishing a comprehensive inventory of
vertebrates in the DSZ and adjacent territories, regular monitoring of migratory
birds, and protecting valuable and medicinal plants.
B.5 Regularly exchange information on transboundary issues
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (DSZ)
The Russian Federation and Mongolia together seek to better manage
transboundary environmental issues (including eco-tourism and steppe and
forest fires) by encouraging the regular, transparent flow of environmental
information to raise public awareness and facilitate coordinated environmental
management. The governments have committed themselves to publish
materials for public and professional use, develop eco-tourism opportunities,
organize training programmes for eco-tourism providers, improve operational
communication between Russian and Mongolian firefighters, build local
capacity for SAP implementation, increase transparency in environmental
management, and exchange personnel.
DSZ National Actions
To support the five regional policy actions above, Mongolia and Russia have
developed and committed themselves to implementing the fol owing prioritized
concrete national actions, the details of which are elucidated with cost estimates
and financial resources in annexes 3A and 3B:
Dornod Aimag and Khentii Aimag, Mongolia
B.6 Protect biodiversity from natural disasters
This suite of actions aims to renovate and improve the emergency response
system to enable proper responses to natural disasters. Included among the
concrete actions are the fol owing: initiating education/training programmes,
establishing volunteer emergency response teams, securing equipment,
conducting research, greater monitoring, creating a fire protection belt, more
frequent transborder exchange of information, and enhancing transborder
cooperation.
B.7 Strengthen NPA management
Mongolia will strengthen the management of its parkland near international
borders by implementing the fol owing actions: identify and help secure
sustainable livelihoods for residents in or near NPAs; conduct an inventory of
biological resources; expand or create new NPAs where necessary; institute
training programmes and secure equipment for park managers; develop an
eco-tourism masterplan for NPAs; encourage NPAs to develop and implement
autonomous management plans; conduct research on environmental change
in NPAs; prevent poaching; and raise public awareness of NPAs and involve
them in NPA management;
B.8 Protect transboundary water resources
This suite of activities aims to conserve water and safeguard water quality by
creating a monitoring system, collaborating with neighbouring countries on
water protection activities including greater information exchange, conducting
research on the status of water quality, and raising public awareness of water
issues.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (DSZ)
B.9 Restore and protect forests
Mongolia, particularly Khentii Aimag, aims to modernize its forestry sector by
introducing techniques and practices designed to safeguard and encourage
the sustainable use of forests. Specific actions include building capacity
through increased training and access to information, personnel exchanges,
and encouraging production of alternative products from forest resources.
B.10 Prevent biodiversity loss
Mongolia has identified a number of concrete actions to reverse the
ecosystem transformation that drives biodiversity loss, including creating a
unified NPA in cooperation with the PRC and RF, discouraging centralization
of human settlements near NPAs, developing national education/training
programmes, enhanced monitoring and observation techniques, improving
enforcement of anti-poaching regulations, revising hunting laws, improving
customs clearance procedures, improving land-use management and
especial y transportation planning in sensitive areas, and improving in-situ
management of rare fauna and flora.
Chita Oblast, Russian Federation
B.11 Jointly monitor and survey species
The Russian Federation intends to implement with Mongolia a joint system for
surveying rare and endangered species. Specific actions include founding a
network of monitoring stations along flyways, creating a shared database to
track species' characteristics and dynamics, and building capacity for research
and park management through additional training and education.
B.12 Minimize land degradation, ecosystem fragmentation, and fire damage
These goals will be accomplished through a number of actions such as forest
restoration and reforestation, creating and expanding forest belts, cataloguing
parcels of degraded land and rehabilitated land, implementing wetlands
rehabilitation and conservation programmes, conducting research on the
causes and ecological impacts of fires, creating volunteer fire fighting brigades
near borders.
B.13 Catalogue assets in the NPA system
In order to ensure that the NPA system near borders protects biodiversity
resources, various concrete actions must be implemented, including:
cataloguing key landscape components and values, determining rare and
endangered species distribution, and determining attractive tourist zones.
Based on this initial work, mapping of park boundaries will be initiated, land
secured, eco-corridors created, zoning or re-zoning conducted, altering
existing legislation if needed, and integration with existing NPAs will begin.
B.14 Reverse biodiversity loss via strengthened NPAs
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (DSZ)
This series of actions aims to decrease or modify negative tendencies that
lead to biodiversity loss through the fol owing suite of actions centered on
creating a network of Strictly Protected Nature Areas: prohibit spring hunting in
flyways during migration periods, create website devoted to DSZ biodiversity,
rehabilitate habitats for rare and endangered species in the upper Amur river
basin, and create a comprehensive inventory of vertebrate fauna in the DSZ.
B.15 Develop eco-tourism and other sustainable livelihood opportunities
In order to provide sustainable livelihoods to local residents and help meet
development goals, eco-tourism and other potential sources of alternate
income will be pursued through the following concrete actions: conduct
research together with Mongolia on the recreation potential of the border
areas, build capacity in the tourism industry, establish a pilot transboundary
project for experiential tours, provide training on eco-tourism business
opportunities to local residents, and initiate support programmes for
processing natural non-wood products from forests and steppes.
B.16 Raise public awareness of biodiversity and conservation
This series of actions encourages sustainable stewardship practices among
local communities of their natural assets. Specific actions include increasing
public access to environmental information including impacts arising from
major development projects, conducting a mass media campaign to promote
sustainable development concepts and conservation values, founding a
periodical on transboundary environmental news, and establishing an annual
festival of birds.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (MPZ)
C. Mongolian Plateau Zone (MPZ)
MPZ Regional Policy Actions
Mongolia and the People's Republic of China and have agreed on the fol owing
prioritized suite of regional policy actions (followed by concrete national action
commitments below) to address threats to transboundary biodiversity and
international waters in the MPZ:
C.1 Strengthen and enhance Nature Protection Areas
Mongolia and the PRC agree to establish new NPAs in border areas, improve
legal and regulatory systems, enhance public awareness and community
involvement, implement measures to secure sustainable livelihoods for local
communities in NPA buffer zones, and explore joint management of
transboundary NPAs. In particular, a portion of the Kherlen-Menen steppe is
to be listed as a World Heritage site as a representative of the Central Asia
grassland ecosystem (only 1% of the temperate grassland ecosystems on the
planet are included in NPAs).
C.2 Prevent land degradation and desertification
Because land degradation and desertification threaten biodiversity and the
water regime, the two countries agree to address these issues in an integrated
manner. In particular, reforestation and soil remediation activities will be
pursued, along with efforts to improve land management practices (especial y
sustainable use of pastures), and regional and urban planning.
C.3 Conduct joint consultations and information exchange
Consistent with national laws, Mongolia and the PRC pledge to consult with
each other and exchange information on environmental impact assessments
of economic activities in the MPZ, such as construction of transportation
infrastructure and so on.
C.4 Conserve grassland ecosystems
The two countries agree to apply concerted efforts to conserve Mongolian
Plateau's unique grassland ecosystems and dependant wildlife, notably
gazel es, through such approaches as restoration and remediation, particularly
in areas that experience high stress from economic activities.
C.5 Conserve wetlands and dependant wildlife
Mongolia and the PRC agree that Buur and Dalai lakes and their dependant
wildlife will be protected by complying with Ramsar and other related
conventions; establishing biodiversity inventories and conducting regular
censuses; consider wetlands as part of a broader ecosystem approach;
restoring degraded wetlands; improving environmental monitoring and
inspections; and conducting joint actions to prevent poaching and illegal
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (MPZ)
harvesting. In particular, Tashain Tavan and Ganga lakes (Mongolia) will be
listed in the Ramsar Convention.
C.6 Improve management of transboundary rivers
Both countries agree to conserve the Kherlen and Khalkhiin rivers by building
wastewater treatment plants in the city of Arxan (PRC) and in Aimag capitals
(Mongolia); promoting ecologically sound economic activities and the
associated infrastructure (such as eco-tourism) in Arxan and the Khalkh and
Numrugi n Gol areas; and by applying measures to conserve the highly
endangered Taimen fish species in these rivers.
C.7 Enhance public awareness of biodiversity issues
Mongolia and the PRC agree that efforts to protect biodiversity and water
resources can only succeed with greater information flow and public
awareness and participation in concrete actions.
C.8 Build local administrative capacity
Local capacity will be enhanced by integrating diverse stakeholders into the
environmental planning process. In particular, local community-based
organizations and the business sector will be encouraged to fully participate in
biodiversity and water conservation.
C.9 Strengthen implementation of local regulatory regimes
To assist in SAP implementation, Mongolia, and the PRC agree to strengthen
enforcement of regulations and procedures at the local level concerning
biodiversity conservation and water management.
C.10 Conduct a joint survey on region-wide dust storms
The PRC and Mongolia wish to express their joint commitment to addressing
the dust and sand storms that affect the entire NE Asian region by conducting
joint surveys using the existing research on the phenomenon, including root
causes and counterstrategies.
C.11 Emphasize conservation of medicinal and useful flora
Special attention will be given to medicinal and other useful plants in the
appendices of CBD and CITES that list highly endangered species (as noted
in the MOU).
C.12 Identify, assess and monitor hotspots
On-site investigation and satellite information will be used to identify, assess,
and monitor environmental hotspots, to facilitate improved environmental
management.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (MPZ)
MPZ National Actions
To support the six regional policy actions above, Mongolia and the PRC have
developed and committed themselves to implementing the fol owing prioritized
concrete national actions, the details of which are elucidated with cost estimates
and financial resources in annexes 4A and 4B, respectively:
Aimags of Dornod, Khentii, and Sukhbaatar, Mongolia
C.13 Prevent land degradation and desertification
This series of actions aims to establish a regime of appropriate land-use;
restore overused pastures and abandoned cropland affected by wind and
water erosion by 20% in five years; strengthen land management capacity;
and increase public awareness of issues related to biodiversity conservation
and sustainable pastureland. Specific actions include: develop and implement
a land management plan at the Aimag level and below; create a favourable
legal regime for pasture use; create a land restoration fund from land-use
proceeds; improve water supply in pastureland areas; carry out reforestation;
and establish herders' cooperatives and community-based pasture
management systems.
C.14 Conserve Buur and Dalai lakes, related wetlands, and dependant wildlife
Goals include improved assessment and monitoring of wetland habitats;
reduced anthropogenic pollution; protection of flyways, biodiversity, and
wetland functions. Concrete actions for which Mongolia has committee
financial resources include strengthening the existing hydro-meteorological
monitoring network by applying modern equipment and techniques and
enhancing training programmes; developing a unified water monitoring
programme for Buur and Dalai lakes; demineralizing and softening rural water
supplies, especial y in the steppe area; building and improving water treatment
plants in the Kherlen and Khalkhiin Gol; creating a pollution inventory and
database on transboundary water; institute measures to improve waste
management; and strengthening EIA of mining.
C.15 Raise capacity to conserve biodiversity and natural resources
This series of actions aims to help build a base for sustainable development in
the region by reversing and preventing biodiversity and habitat loss; helping
implement international conventions and treaties, and identify appropriate
uses of biological resources. Specific actions to meet these general goals
include: strengthen enforcement of environmental conservation laws and
regulations; develop and implement comprehensive wetlands management
programme for Ramsar sites; reduce illegal hunting and cross-border trade;
and organize training programmes on biodiversity conservation.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (MPZ)
C.16 Create joint NPAs along Mongolian-Russian-Chinese borders
By forming new transboundary NPAs involving the three countries, this project
aims to protect migratory species, prevent biodiversity loss, recover damaged
ecosystems, develop eco-tourism, generate income for local residents, and
enhance sub-regional cooperation. Among the specific actions are: developing
the justification, comprehensive management plan, and legal framework;
establishing an NPA monitoring network; promoting public awareness;
conducting training programmes for NPA staff and local communities; and
develop action plans for eco-tourism.
C.17 Implement disaster prevention measures
To counter biodiversity loss resulting from disasters, these measures focus on
mitigating effects arising from disasters and instituting systems for preventing
disasters. A number of specific actions are planned, including enhancing
disaster management capacity; altering legislation; improving early warning
systems and preparedness; establishing a transboundary fire prevention belt;
combating invasive species; providing biotechnological remedies to affected
fauna; and raising public awareness on fire prevention.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PRC
C.18 Strengthen Sino-Mongolian cooperation on Ba Er Hu grassland NPA
This project aims to protect endemic wildlife especial y gazel es, conserve the
grassland ecosystem, develop transboundary eco-tourism, mitigate negative
effects of economic activities, and protect rare or endangered flora and fauna.
Among other concrete actions, IMAR plans to build scientific research
capacity; construct an exhibition hall and laboratory; create a natural pasture
demonstration site; rehabilitate degraded grasslands, and secure equipment
for communication and patrols.
C.19 Build management capacity of Dalai Lake national NPA
Strengthening the management of Dalai Lake NPA will help conserve
biodiversity in the MPZ. Outcomes include improved monitoring and research;
better education and public outreach; improved international cooperation
issues affecting the park; and increased eco-tourism opportunities for visitors
and local communities. Specific actions include construction of a field
laboratory, training and monitoring centers and hides; creation of
demonstration sites for rehabilitated habitats; and a project to involve local
communities in park management.
C.20 Build management capacity of Xi Lin Guo Le national NPA
This project aims to stabilize and restore the grassland ecosystem and
improve overall management and monitoring of park assets through a number
of concrete actions to which financial and human resources have already
been committed, including: constructing necessary facilities for rangers,
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (MPZ)
ecologists, fire-fighters, and tourists; better signing; securing communication,
research, and transportation equipment; building an exhibition hall; and
training staff;
C.21 Conduct ecological rehabilitation of Hui He NPA
This project to be conducted by the Hui He management bureau aims to
restore degraded grasslands, stabilize wetlands, and counter desertification
through remediation techniques and infrastructure construction.
C.22 Extend conservation efforts in border areas
This collection of actions aims to counter land degradation and desertification
around Arxan City as wel as strengthen protection of wetland and forest
ecosystems and wild fauna and flora. Specific measures include recovering
and protecting 20,000 ha of forests and 20,000 ha of grassland, building
infrastructure as needed (breeding center, exhibition hall, bridges, etc.), and
relocating local residents currently in sensitive areas.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (SRZ)
D. Supra-Regional Zone (SRZ)
SRZ Regional Policy Actions and Approaches
The participating countries have agreed on the fol owing suite of regional policy
actions (followed by concrete national action commitments below) to address
threats to transboundary biodiversity and international waters throughout the
TumenNET area that are not location-specific:
D.1 Ecosystem conservation
All countries agree that in order to protect regional biodiversity and water,
sustainable use of natural resources in the context of an ecosystem-level
approach to environmental protection is necessary. Throughout the
TumenNET region, transboundary, national, and provincial NPAs will be
created, expanded, and/or enhanced and eco-corridors created. Receiving
special attention will be various endangered flora and fauna as listed in the
TDA.
D.2 Sand and Dust storms
The countries agree that dust storms have undesirable effects throughout the
entire TumenNET region and beyond, and warrant specific national actions to
remedy the root causes of the storms. Such actions include the establishment
and later expansion of a region-wide monitoring network to track occurrence,
transport, and deposition; the introduction of sustainable land/pasture
management systems and practices in areas with fragile soils (DSZ, MPZ, and
further west); establishment of grass and tree planting demonstration sites in
Mongolia and the PRC; capacity-raising and greater joint research among
experts, focusing on root causes and mitigation; and the improvement of water
resources management.
D.3 Protect wetlands and migratory birds
All countries agree on the need to conserve and protect wetlands and to use
them sustainably, so that these symbolic and economic resources exist in
perpetuity for future generations. The TumenNET countries agree that a
number of endangered migratory birds such as cranes, ducks, and geese that
move throughout the SRZ deserve the strongest protection. To this end,
efforts will be continued throughout the region to survey migratory birds,
restore and conserve wetlands, and prepare a regional convention to establish
and/or build upon conservation networks of wetlands and migratory birds.
D.4 Maintain a regional environmental information system (EIS)
The countries agree to maintain and regularly update the regional TumenNET
website which will provide integrated environmental information within the
TumenNET region. This will be accomplished in part by integrating regional
environmental information systems, enhancing collaboration between existing
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (SRZ)
networks (i.e., NEASPEC, NEACEDT, ARDN, EANET, TEMM, etc.), and
improving information exchanges among the countries. Until a regional
cooperation mechanism is created or identified, the ROK MOE will host and
maintain the TumenNET regional website with the support of other countries.
D.5 Regional cooperation mechanism
All the countries agree on the need to coordinate national and local efforts to
protect shared resources, and recommend the creation of a regional
cooperation mechanism to implement the SAP. A regional cooperation
mechanism should fairly represent the TumenNET countries in its
composition; among other duties, it should explore the possibility of creating
regional legal mechanisms for addressing biodiversity and water-related
issues.
D.6 Transboundary EIA
Anticipatory and co-operative actions, such as contingency planning,
environmental impact assessment, monitoring, and strategic environmental
assessment shall be taken, as related to biodiversity, water resources, and
transboundary environmental impacts arising from government policies,
programmes, and plans.
In particular, the countries agree that transboundary EIA guidelines are
needed to properly evaluate the sustainability of development projects in
TumenNET border areas. The countries intend to harmonize and/or
standardize EIA procedures and reporting statements, raise national and local
assessment capacity, and establish mechanisms for ensuring that
assessments are conducted on transboundary development projects.
Specifically, the following actions will be taken by all parties: (a) organize a
SEA/EIA training course to standardize the content of regional environmental
impact statements for transborder projects; (b) establish an ad-hoc SEA/EIA
Committee (including major stakeholders) for identifying alternatives and
negotiating mitigation measures; and (c) create a Monitoring Commission
composed of each affected or involved government to ensure project-level
compliance with EIA approval criteria. The Commission should operate on a
project-to-project basis, be funded from the project budgets, operate for the
lifetime of the projects, and utilize national experts (see Annex 11 for the full
text of the EIA recommendations).
D.7 Green investment initiatives
The participation and co-operation of the private sector and international
donor community shall be encouraged and is seen as integral to the
successful management and implementation of the SAP. Investors require a
clear road map of how capital will be used and how it can generate return on
investment, and donors increasingly desire measurable results; for these
reasons, TumenNET countries shall clarify procedures for foreign direct
investment, especial y in environmentally sensitive or extractive industries.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (SRZ)
The countries recognize that public-private partnerships are a useful tool in
this regard.
The countries note a number of opportunities and priorities, such as the use of
clean technologies requiring the replacement or phase-out of waste-intensive
technologies.
Within economic sectors and industries, exemplary practices in environmental
management will be promoted.
Where possible, alternative sustainable livelihoods should be secured for local
residents when actions to counter environmental threats are taken that may
remove or dilute a potential or actual income source.
D.8 Local governmental cooperation
The countries agree that effective local implementation is needed to ensure
that biodiversity and water resources are protected and express the intention
to build upon the example set by the TumenNET Governors' MOU (see Annex
13). Local governments are encouraged to incorporate transboundary
biodiversity and international water conservation issues into local development
strategies and planning. Procedures on border crossings by rangers,
firefighters, and inspectors for environmental purposes shall be simplified,
where appropriate. Lastly, local governments are invited to organize regional
environmental conferences with their counterparts within and outside their
countries, in order to enhance regional communication and networking.
D.9 Public awareness raising and environmental education
The participating countries shall continue to promote public awareness raising
and education on issues related to this SAP, with particular emphasis placed
on outreach to communities in or near national or NPA boundaries. Concrete
actions may include activities conducted under the AWARE component of
TumenNET, such as the small grants programme, the annual TumenNET
clean-up day, bi- and tri-lingual transboundary environmental newsletters and
websites, green school initiatives, and so on. In addition, the continued
involvement of NGOs and other stakeholders in awareness raising shall be
promoted.
D.10 Eco-tourism
National policies, plans, and programmes shall reflect appropriate modes of
eco-tourism as both an environmentally and culturally viable source of national
economic development and a tool for ecosystem conservation. The countries
agree to cooperate on establishing eco-tour networks of local organizations to
help generate revenue from environmentally sensitive tourism and draw
attention to transboundary biodiversity and water issues.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (SRZ)
SRZ ROK National Actions
To support the regional policy actions above, and to add value to the other
countries' national actions related to the SRZ priorities, the ROK has developed
and committed itself to implementing the fol owing wel -funded concrete national
actions, the details of which are elucidated with cost estimates and financial
resources in Annex 5:
D.11 Establish a regional cooperation mechanism
The ROK, with the cooperation and agreement and joint efforts of the other
participating countries, intends to suggest a regional cooperation mechanism
for SAP implementation. The organizational structure of this cooperation
mechanism would be defined at a regional workshop funded by the ROK.
D.12 Implement ROK wetlands conservation project
This on-going GEF PDF-B project adds considerably to the protection of
habitats for migratory birds in Korea's important wetlands. Among the specific
actions are: law/policy modification, formulation of a long-term management
plan for the sustainable use and conservation of globally significant wetlands,
and government purchases of private land in and around important wetlands.
D.13 Create and maintain a TumenNET SAP regional website
With the agreement and cooperation of countries in the region, the ROK aims
to create and maintain a website to facilitate the exchange of information
related to SAP, including data exchange, updates, identifying and appealing
investors and donors, assisting in implementation, promoting eco-tourism, etc.
D.14 Raise public awareness of SAP issues throughout the region
This action focuses on raising public awareness by organizing study tours to
the Tumen basin and Baekdu Mountain (Changbai), identifying and promoting
eco-tourism opportunities, and by establishing or strengthening networks
among NGOs and other stakeholders.
D.15 Protect ecosystems in the Baekdu mountain range
Baekdu (Changbai) Mountain is part of a mountain range that extends deep
into to the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, deserving ecosystem-wide
conservation measures. The ROK government has already applied financial
resources to establish an inventory of biological/ecosystem resources (ideally
including the DPRK and PRC portions as wel , if agreed), formulate a long-
term management plan for southern half of the Baekdu range, amend laws
and policies, and establish a GIS system to facilitate ecosystem management
and production of ecosystem maps.
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Chapter III: Regional and National Action Commitments (SRZ)
D.16 Enhance water quality analysis for the Tumen River and other
international waters
The aim of this collection of actions is to devise a program for enhancing the
standardization of water quality analysis methods among the TumenNET
countries. These funded activities include preparing and distributing samples,
analyzing and reporting results, and raising capacity among countries to
participate in joint water quality analysis by delivering targeted training
courses.
D.17 Initiate and implement transboundary EIA/SEA
This suite of actions aims to institute a system to properly evaluate
transboundary development projects by, among other activities: designing and
conducting training programs, standardizing EIS and EIA methodologies;
adopting SEA for transboundary policies, plans, and programmes; and by
establishing and/or enhancing environmental cooperation mechanisms in the
TumenNET region.
D.18 Initiate inter-Korean/Russian joint cooperation to conserve East Sea
coastal marine biodiversity
These interventions, if approved by the DPRK and Russian Federation, wil
identify and implement strategies for ensuring the sustainable use of shared
marine resources along the three countries' eastern coasts, including the
Tumen River estuary. Specific actions include establishing systems for
monitoring seawater, sediment, and living resources, and developing regional
strategies to reduce pollution and encourage sustainable use.
D.19 Support green investment: supply wastewater treatment chemicals and
consulting to the TumenNET region
This 7-year bilateral green investment program initiated by the MOE and
Hankook Titanium Co will enhance the quality of international waters in the
region by providing over 40 million USD in sulfates and consulting services to
wastewater treatment facilities and plants in environmental hotspots identified
in this SAP. The particular sulfates to be provided are commonly used by the
pulp and paper manufacturing and iron ore manufacturing industries. This
intervention also includes an FKI funded regional workshop designed to attract
green investment into and within the TumenNET area.
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IV. NATIONAL RESOURCES ANALYSIS
The countries and provinces in the TumenNET region possess different
capacities and abilities to finance interventions to address threats to
transboundary biodiversity and water resources.
A. Finance and Budgets
The participating central and local governments have inadequate funding
availability to fully implement all actions in this SAP, although considerable
financial, institutional, and human resources have already been mobilized in
each country in light of the recognition that degraded biological and water
resources compromise national development goals.
Financing for projects has been and will be secured from national funding
sources (local and national governments), aid programmes (multilateral, bilateral,
other), private equity participation (securities), and direct investment or private
finance initiatives. So far, a total of over 100 million USD has been earmarked by
the TumenNET countries themselves to implement the SAP; however, about 60
million USD in additional funding is needed, which is elucidated in tables 2, 3,
and 4 below. Per zone, the Tumen River basin requires approximately 41 million
USD to leverage existing national financial commitments of almost 30 million
USD, while the Mongolian Plateau needs nearly 8 million USD on top of national
budgets, and the Daurian Steppe requires roughly 5 million USD. Meanwhile,
less than 6 million USD would enable the ROK to complete its national actions to
support SAP goals and interventions throughout the region.
Table 2: Funding gaps by country (2002-2010)
USD (thousands)
Total
National
Country
Zone
Needed
Cost
Commitment
DPRK
TRZ
30 442
14 816
15 626
MPZ
4 180
1 483
2 697
Mongolia
DSZ
6 235
1 542
4 693
subtotal
10 415
3 025
7 390
TRZ
34 725
13 109
21 616
PRC
MPZ
7 395
2 335
5 060
subtotal
42 120
15 444
26 676
TRZ
4 525
530
3 995
RF
DSZ
874
488
386
subtotal
5 399
1 018
4 381
ROK
SRZ
67 836
61 936
5 900
Note that some SRZ interventions could be categorized in other zones, resulting in a dif erent distribution of figures.
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Chapter IV: National Resources Analysis
Table 3: Funding gaps by country

5900

)
a
nds
Needed

(thous
National commitments
26676
S
D
U
15626


7390
4381

DPRK
Mongolia
PRC
RF
ROK
&RXQWU\
U
Note that some SRZ interventions could be categorized in other zones, resulting in a dif erent distribution of figures.
Table 4: Funding gaps by zone

5900


41237

Needed

National commitments

USD (thousands)

7757
5079

75=
'6=
03=
65=
=RQH
Note that some SRZ interventions could be categorized in other zones, resulting in a dif erent distribution of figures.
The TumenNET countries respectfully call upon the international donor
community, the private sector, and bilateral and multilateral agencies to assist in
funding and otherwise enabling implementation of the regional and national
policy actions listed herein. In return, governments should help secure returns on
investment and/or demonstrable outcomes from projects. Each country has
secured or will secure the budgets needed to begin implementing the priority
actions listed in this document. The financial resources committed by each
country are elaborated in their respective national actions collected in Annexes 2,
3, 4, and 5.
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Chapter IV: National Resources Analysis
B. Policies and Strategies
The four signatories to the original project document (Mongolia, PRC, RF, ROK)
have in place detailed policies and regulations concerning water and land
management. Furthermore, these TumenNET countries have acceded to the
Convention on Biological Diversity and CITES and have formulated national
biodiversity strategies to help guide national policymaking in this area.
However, there is great variation among the TumenNET countries in formulating
and executing environmental policies, and in their ability to integrate those
policies with economic decision-making and national development goals.
The greatest policy constraint faced by the countries is implementation and/or
enforcement of strategies, policies, and regulations at local and national levels
(often due to lack of funding).
This SAP aims to address the transboundary dimensions of water protection and
biodiversity conservation. Until now, the countries have lacked formal
mechanisms or strategies for addressing the incremental costs associated with
transboundary policy coordination, although as noted in a 1995 MOU, the
countries agreed on general principles for the Tumen River Economic
Development Area (see Annex 15), which informs this SAP.
In order to help solidify the local political commitment needed to realize SAP
activities and goals, six provincial governors in the region have reached
agreement on a number of actions and activities, including: their intent to
establish provincial-level TumenNET committees with the power to integrate
biodiversity, water, and green investment issues into local development planning;
the organization of annual TumenNET governors' meetings to review regional
development efforts as they apply to the TumenNET agenda; and a pledge to
make counterpart resources available for SAP implementation (see Annex 13 for
the ful text of the Governors' MOU).
C. Community Involvement
All five countries in the TumenNET region have participated in and plan to
continue various community outreach and public awareness raising programmes
initiated under TumenNET. These include the Small Grants Programme, Green
Schools, an annual Tumen River Clean-up Day, and programmes to more
closely involve NGOs in regional activities and decision-making processes.
NGOs and other community groups offer a particularly valuable human and
institutional resource that countries pledge to closely involve in the governments'
environmental agendas and activities.
The TumenNET Small Grants Programme (SGP) has funded local and regional
micro-projects in local communities throughout the region to help raise public
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Chapter IV: National Resources Analysis
awareness and accomplish simple, localized objectives on the ground. In
particular, the DPRK has implemented a number of activities such as a project to
protect river water in the Musan area, and a reforestation project in Onsong
Mountain in the Tumen River basin. The Tumen River Green Pilgrimage, a
regional SGP, brought together NGOs and communities from different countries
in a study tour of the Tumen River corridor. Regional SGPs involving all five
countries included a survey of migratory birds, and a five-country effort to identify
specific eco-tourism opportunities in the TumenNET area.
Green Schools were initiated in all five TumenNET countries to help draw
attention to biodiversity and water issues affecting the region. Seventeen primary
and secondary schools participated in introducing environmental issues into their
curricula. This programme can easily be expanded with the support of local
governments.
It is expected and hoped that future TumenNET activities will extend the SGP,
Green Schools, and Tumen River Clean-Up Day programmes as crucial
components of community involvement and awareness raising.
D. Green Investment and Industry
Green investment is defined broadly here as a private or public sector activity
that has environmental net benefits and which aims, directly or indirectly, to
protect the environment, reduce environmental risk or minimise pollution and the
unsustainable use of resources, in part by employing "best-practice"
environmental management principles.
The status of green investment in the region is highly varied. There is now
emerging among economic and business planners in certain areas or sectors a
recognition that preventive environmental protection is more cost-effective and
efficient than merely treating the by-products of unsustainable or wasteful
processes. The TumenNET countries hope to encourage this growing
recognition in such a way as to promote sustainable and profitable economic
activity while meeting national development goals.
The TumenNET countries also realize that providing clear channels and
favourable conditions for investors and industry is critical. To maximize the
appeal of investing in TumenNET projects, the participating countries aim to
minimize financial risks and help ensure returns on investments.
It is important that TumenNET projects be financial y competitive to attract capital
or other contributions. Investors prefer clarity on a number of issues including
land availability, government or international subsidies and other assistance,
pricing mechanisms and revenue guarantees, foreign exchange stability, force
majeure, insurability, project termination, taxation, and competition. The
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Chapter IV: National Resources Analysis
TumenNET countries will attempt to clarify these issues to the extent possible,
and in accordance with national laws and regulations.
The Federation of Korean Industries has pledged its intent to assist TumenNET
countries in attracting green investments (see Annex 14). In particular, FKI has
pledged to sponsor the costs of holding a regional workshop in 2003 on
attracting green investment to and within the TumenNET region (see Annex 5).
Other activities may include, but are not limited to, cooperation in seeking
business partnerships or sponsorships for project assessment, and pre-feasibility
or feasibility studies.
One example of this approach is the Hankook Titanium Company's pledge, in
cooperation with the ROK MOE, to provide during the next seven years 40m
USD in chemicals needed for operating modern wastewater treatment facilities,
especial y in the iron ore mining and pulp and paper industries. Both of these
industries are major water polluters in the Tumen River basin. The company has
offered this investment in pursuing partnerships with governments throughout the
TumenNET region (For more information, refer to Annex 5: ROK National
Actions, action 9).
E. Information Management
Environmental management requires timely access to relevant information
across institutions and throughout various levels of society, such as
communities, researchers, policymakers, the media, enterprises and industry,
farmers, and schools.
The countries in the region have highly variable capacities to produce,
disseminate, and even consume environmental information; this dynamic is
amplified where transboundary issues are concerned.
The participating countries therefore resolve to regularly generate and share
useful and relevant information on shared biological and water resources,
particularly as it applies to the evaluation of potential impacts and proposed
development projects. To this end, environmental impact assessment (EIA) and
strategic environmental assessment (SEA) systems will be enhanced, as
outlined in section III.D, SRZ National Actions (see Annex 11 for the ful text of
the EIA workshop recommendations).
The TumenNET countries plan to integrate their EIS websites to facilitate the
sharing of information, in order to offer a single clearinghouse of environment-
related information to investors, donors, managers, educators, researchers, and
stakeholders.
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V. SAP IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of this SAP over the next decade will enhance long-term
measures to sustain and protect the TumenNET region's biodiversity and water
resources. Participating states agree to commit themselves to continuing the
SAP beyond the current GEF assistance, and will endeavour to:
(a) adopt or alter legislation as needed,
(b) implement economic instruments needed to realize the national actions in
this SAP,
(c) dedicate resources to manage SAP interventions and activities,
(d) integrate biodiversity conservation and international water issues into
national and local development plans,
(e) implement (or accede to) related international conventions and protocols
such as the CBD, Ramsar, UNCCD, and UNFCCC, and CMS
(f) maintain the cooperative networks set up under TumenNET (e.g., Green
Business, AWARE, Green Schools, and EIS); and
(g)
consider establishing a semi-permanent regional environmental
cooperation/management mechanism that might include a supporting
commission or secretariat.
The TumenNET countries recognize that implementation of this Strategic Action
Programme requires a number of crucial elements: the political resolve of central
and local governments, clear financing arrangements, clear management
mechanisms and procedures at all levels (e.g., from project-level to regional
cooperation), changes to existing legislation in certain cases, and finally
cooperation and awareness-raising among stakeholders.
Funding for the national actions agreed upon in this SAP will be secured from the
mobilization of national, regional, and international financial sources, through
private and general public funding or through the application of specific economic
instruments, as wel as through grants and loans. Specific funding arrangements
and gaps for the national action commitments in this SAP are available for
review in Annexes 2, 3, 4, and 5, and on overview is provided in section IV.A
above.
All participating countries agree on the need to establish a formal, semi-
permanent cooperation mechanism to implement this SAP and continue to
coordinate cooperation on regional environmental issues. This mechanism could
build on existing infrastructure and/or be located within an existing institution.
To enable these and other fol ow-up actions, the participating states agree on the
necessity to establish collaborative TumenNET working groups by December
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Chapter V: SAP Implementation
2002 to transition to SAP implementation. These working groups will be zonal-
based and will regularly communicate with their counterparts in the other
TumenNET countries, and will continue to perform their duties until a formal
TumenNET SAP mechanism is clarified. The working groups will be responsible
for:
(a) monitoring and fol owing up on SAP implementation;
(b) developing and refining joint projects;
(c) setting up joint and shared databases and maintaining regional websites;
(d) organizing seminars, workshops, training courses, and other meetings
related to SAP;
(e) exchanging experience, personnel, research, and information;
(f) driving and fol owing up on national legislative changes as noted in the
zonal agreements;
(g)
promoting awareness and education through existing TumenNET
networks such as the AWARE and green school networks;
(h) updating the TDA/SAP as needed; and
(i) fol owing up on the establishment of a regional environmental cooperation
mechanism.
The SAP shall be formally reviewed by the TumenNET countries once every
three years starting from mid-2004 and updated when and where necessary. If
all the TumenNET countries agree, the SAP may be updated as needed.
It is envisioned that the TumenNET SAP will continue to develop strong links with
institutions, NGOs, and the private sector within member states and throughout
the TumenNET/TRADP region.
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VI. LIST OF ANNEXES
1. List of Abbreviations
2. TRZ National Actions
A. DPRK
B. PRC
C. Russian Federation
3. DSZ National Actions
A. Mongolia
B. Russian Federation
4. MPZ National Actions
A. Mongolia
B. PRC
5. SRZ National Actions (ROK)
6. TRZ Bilateral MOU (PRC-RF)
7. DSZ Bilateral MOU (Mongolia-RF)
8. MPZ Bilateral MOU (Mongolia-PRC)
9. TRZ Trilateral Recommendations (DPRK-PRC-RF)
10. SRZ Recommendations
11. EIA Workshop Recommendations
12. TDA Final recommendations
13. TumenNET Governors' MOU
14. FKI Agreement
15. MOU on Environmental Principles Governing the Tumen River
Economic Development Area and Northeast Asia (1995) (all
TumenNET/TRADP countries)
Note on contributors
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Annex 1: List of Abbreviations
ADB: Asian Development Bank
NCCE: National Coordinating Committee for Environment
ARRINP: All Russian Research Institute for Nature Protection
(DPRK)
CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
NEAC: Northeast Asian Conference on Environmental
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Cooperation
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973)
NEACEDT: Northeast Asian Centre for Environmental Data
CMS: Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of
and Training
Wild Animals (1979)
NEASPEC: Northeast Asian Sub-regional Program on
DPRK: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Environmental Cooperation
DSZ: Daurian Steppe Zone
NFM: National Finance Ministry (PRC)
EPB: Environmental Protection Bureau
NIER: National Institute for Environmental Research (ROK)
(Yanbian and IMAR, PRC)
NPA: nature protected area
EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
PCU: Project Coordination Unit (TumenNET)
EIS: Environmental Information System
PRC: People's Republic of China
EABRN: East Asia Biosphere Reserve Network (under
REDC: Rason Environment and Development Center (DPRK)
UNESCO's Man and Biosphere programme)
RF: Russian Federation
EIS: Environmental Information System
ROK: Republic of Korea
EANET: Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia
SAP: Strategic Action Programme
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment
FEBRAS: Far Eastern Branch of the Academy of Science (RF)
SEPA: State Environmental Protection Administration (PRC)
GEF: Global Environment Facility
SGP: Small Grants Programme (a TumenNET component)
IMAR: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PRC)
SPAA: Special Protected Area Administration (Mongolia)
IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and
SRZ: Supra-Regional Zone
Natural Resources
TDA: Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
KEI: Korea Environment Institute (ROK)
TEMM: Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting (PRC-ROK-
MFA: Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Mongolia)
Japan)
MI: Ministry of Infrastructure (Mongolia)
TRADP: Tumen River Area Development Programme
MJIA: Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs (Mongolia)
TREDA: Tumen River Economic Development Area
MLEP: Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection (DPRK)
TRZ: Tumen River Basin Zone
MMC: Musan Mine Complex (DPRK)
UNCCD: UN Convention to Combat Desertification
MMMI: Ministry of Metal and Machine Industry (DPRK)
UNDP: UN Development Programme
MNE: Ministry of Nature and Environment (Mongolia)
UNEP: UN Environmental Programme
MNR: Ministry for Natural Resources (RF)
UNESCAP: UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and
MOE: Ministry of Environment (ROK)
the Pacific
MOMAF: Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (ROK)
UNESCO: UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
MPZ: Mongolian Plateau Zone
Organization
MTI: Ministry of Trade and Industry (Mongolia)
UNOPS: UN Office for Project Services
MUM: Ministry of Urban Management (DPRK)
YEPB: Yanbian Environmental Protection Bureau (PRC)
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Annex 2A: TRZ National Actions (DPRK)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(150 won = 1 USD)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Sources
Priority action
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 1
Recover forest ecosystems with integrated water basin management
Outcomes:
1. Integrated water basin management plan formulated
2. Recovery of 50% of forests damaged by illegal logging in TREDA within 5 years
3. Conversion of all arable lands reclaimed from forests since 1990 into reforested areas
4. Strengthened growth of saplings ­ up to one billion per year
Main budget items:
13 880
0
11 640
1-2 years
2 240
1. Develop an integrated
57
0
7
50
water basin management
MLEP, People's
plan
Commit ee of
2. Plant saplings in
Rason City,
8 350
0
8 000
350
damaged forest areas
People's Commit ee
3. Establish tree nurseries
of North Hamgyong
5 000
0
3 300
1 700
4. Management and
Province
473
0
333
140
monitoring of reforested
and afforested areas
Existing major activities:
The government has taken positive measures to recover forests damaged by recent flooding, drought, forest fires and illegal deforestation, and to
initiate sustainable management of forest resources. The government is currently implementing the Ten-Year Plan for Afforestation/Reforestation for
recovering/rehabilitating 2 million ha of degraded forests with suitable tree species. A regular forest management system was established from
provinces and cities to counties, while the MLEP is responsible for forestry. March 2nd is Tree Planting Day.
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Source
Priority action
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
s
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 2
Capacity building at the Rason Environment and Development Center (REDC)
Outcomes:
1. New building constructed for REDC (1000mł floor space)
2. Environmental monitoring posts in Undok, Saebyol, Onsong, Musan, and Heoryong established
3. Modern equipment and facilities acquired to enable environmental research, analysis, and monitoring in TREDA
4. Experts trained
5. Regular environmental monitoring and analysis across TREDA conducted
Main budget items:
1 137
0
174
1-2 years
963
1. Construct building and
People's
80
0
80
0
posts
Commit ee of
Rason City
1-2 years
2. Purchase equipment
MLEP
667
0
67
600
for environmental
analysis
3. Establish
MLEP, People's
283
0
20
-
263
environmental monitoring
Commit ee of
and analysis system for
Rason City
TREDA
4. Conduct training
MLEP
107
0
7
1-2 years
100
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Annex 2A: TRZ National Actions (DPRK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Sources
Priority action
existing
which new
needed to
budget for FY
budget will be
get new
2003 onwards
required
budget
approved
Action 3
Treatment of tailings from Musan Mining Complex (MMC)
Outcomes:
1. Tailings no longer discharged into Tumen River tributaries
2. Degraded forest around the MMC recovered
Main budget items:
10 777
0
1 494
1-2 years
9 283
1.Build new tailings dam
2 900
0
667
2 233
2.Construct tailings
MMMI, MMC
3 900
0
400
3 500
pumping station
3. Install new pipelines
3 900
0
400
3 500
4. Plant trees around the
MMC, Dept of Land
77
0
27
50
MMC
Mgt in People's
Commit ee of Musan
County
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority action
existing budget
which new
to get new
t
s
for FY 2003
budget wil
budget
onwards
be required
approved
Action 4
Conservation of Bonpo wetland
Outcomes:
1. Bonpo Wetland Reserve established
2. Bonpo wetland ecosystem inventory conducted
3. Habitats recovered
4. Alternative income sources from wetlands identified
Main budget items:
504
0
134
1-2 years
370
1. Develop an integrated
People's Commit ee of
177
0
27
150
water basin management
Rason City, MLEP
plan
2. Plant saplings in
Academy of Sciences,
140
0
40
1-2 years
100
damaged forest areas
MLEP, People's
Commit ee of Rason
City, MLEP
3. Establish tree nurseries
People's Commit ee of
167
0
67
100
Rason City, MLEP
4. Manage and monitor
MLEP
20
0
0
-
20
reforested and afforested
areas
Existing major activities:
Due to lack of funds and expertise, there are currently no conservation activities for the Bonpo wetlands, an important area for migratory birds.
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority action
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
t
s
for FY 2003
budget wil
budget
onwards
be required
approved
Action 5
Oil spill prevention in Rason ports
Outcomes:
1. Laws and regulations developed to prevent oil spills/dumping
2. Capacity established to respond to and treat oil spills
3. Experts trained in treating oil spills
Main budget items:
325
0
35
1-2 years
290
1. Develop laws and
2
0
2
1 year
-
MLEP
regulations to prevent oil
spills and dumping
2. Build institutional and
250
0
0
-
250
technical capacity for
responding to and treating
People's Commit ee of
oil spills in Rason ports
Rason City
3. Conduct training on
73
0
33
1-2 years
40
treating oil spills
Existing major activities:
There are currently no measures or capacity to prevent or respond to oil spills in or near the Rason ports due to lack of funds and expertise.
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Annex 2A: TRZ National Actions (DPRK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority action
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
t
s
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 6
Municipal sewage treatment in Rason and Hoeryong cities
Outcomes:
1. Sewage treatment plants constructed in Rason and Hoeryong cities
2. Personnel trained in sewage treatment
Main budget items:
3 113
0
1 333
1-2 years
1 780
1. Construct two sewage
People's Commit ee
1 833
0
1 333
1-2 years
500
treatment plants ­ one each
of Rason City,
in Hoeryong and Rason
People's Commit ee
cities
of North Hamgyong
Province
2. Purchase plant
People's Commit ee
1 200
0
0
-
1 200
equipment and facilities
of Rason City,
3. Conduct training for
MUM
80
0
0
-
80
personnel
Existing major activities:
Hoeryong and Rason cities currently lack any sewage treatment facilities.
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Sources
Priority action
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 7
Treatment of wastewater from Hoeryong Paper Mil
Outcomes:
1. Wastewater treatment process established for Hoeryong Paper Mil
Main budget items:
303
0
3
1 year
300
1. Establish wastewater
53
0
3
1 year
50
treatment process
MLEP
2. Purchase of equipment
250
0
0
-
250
and facilities
Existing major activities:
Hoeryong paper Mill currently lacks any wastewater treatment facilities due to lack of funds and technology.
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority action
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
t
s
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 8
Treatment of wastewater from Undok Chemical Factory
Outcomes:
1. Wastewater treatment process established for Undok Chemical Factory
Main budget items:
403
0
3
1 year
400
1. Establish wastewater
153
0
3
1 year
150
treatment process
MLEP
2. Purchase of equipment
250
0
0
-
250
and facilities
Existing major activities:
Hoeryong paper Mill currently lacks any wastewater treatment facilities due to lack of funds and technology.
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Annex 2B: TRZ National Actions (PRC)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(8.3 CNY = 1 USD)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Sources
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 1
Hunchun provincial NPA biodiversity conservation project
Outcomes:
1. Advanced facilities and equipment acquired
2. Endangered species protected in-situ (e.g. Amur Tiger and Far Eastern Leopard)
3. Wetlands important for migratory birds protected
4. Endemic vegetation restored
5. Rescue center established for wild animals
Main budget items:
6 795
272
1 087
5 436
1. Initiate
1554
102
247
1205
restoration project for
tigers and leopards
- Establish a
monitoring system for
wild animals
- Secure food sources
for tigers and leopards
- Construct passages
for tiger and leopard
migration
- Disseminate
educational materials
on tiger and leopard
conservation
2.
Protect wetlands
EPB (Hunchun),
3253
108
373
2771
important for migratory
NPA Management
1-2 years
WWF,
birds
Bureau (Hunchun),
GEF
- Convert cultivated
SEPA
land into wetlands
- Designate biological
resource protection
zones
- Establish an
ecosystem monitoring
system
- Restore habitats
- Disseminate
education materials on
wetlands conservation
3. Protect and restore
1386
24
398
964
endemic vegetation
4. Establish a rescue
602
37
69
496
center for wild animals
Existing major activities:
Hunchun regional NPA is located near Hunchun City in eastern Jilin Province, on the border with the RF and DPRK. One of the functions of the
NPA is to provide for the conservation and protection of habitats for endangered animals such as the Amur Tiger and Far Eastern Leopard, as
well as wetland habitats. Hunchun NPA was designated a provincial-level NPA in 2001, when its management bureau was established. Tree
fel ing and hunting are now forbidden in the park. The main constraint to Hunchun NPA operation is budgetary. However, the park is listed as one
of the main development activities of the "National Trans-century Greening Projects" and in the 10th five-year plan for environmental protection in
Jilin Province.
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Annex 2B: TRZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Source
Priority actions
existing budget
which new
to get new
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 2
Changbai Mountain National NPA biodiversity protection project
Outcomes:
1. Management capacity improves, in part through better information access and use
2. Forest ecosystems and resources protected
3. Staff capacity enhanced
4. Working conditions improved for conducting scientific research
Main budget items:
6 050
181
726
5 143
1. Establish NPA
800
36
108
655
management system
2. Construct
500
36
96
367
infrastructure
3. Establish
400
24
96
280
garden/zoo for
rare animals and
plants
4. Install GPS
780
18
60
702
5. Purchase
820
42
96
681
laboratory
EPB of Changbai
facilities and
Mountain Tourism and
equipment
Economic
6. Rebuild
Development Area
200
8
60
131
management
1-2 years
GEF
station
7. Construct water
1100
4
60
1035
treatment
and power generation
stations
8. Update
350
27
323
communication
facilities
9. Train staff
200
12
188
10. Establish rescue
500
60
440
center for wild
animals
11. Update/improve
400
60
340
museum
Existing major activities:
The Changbai Mountain NPA was established in 1960 in Jilin Province along the border of the DPRK at the headwaters of the Tumen River. With
an area of almost 200,000 hectares, this important NPA is 88.5% forested. In 1980, the Changbai NPA joined UNESCO's Man and Biosphere
program and six years later was designated a national NPA. The park is listed as one of the main development activities of the "National Trans-
century Greening Projects" and in the 10th five-year plan for environmental protection in Jilin Province.
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Annex 2B: TRZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 3
Creation of an education/awareness network in the Tumen River basin
Outcomes:
1.
Network established for education extension and dissemination
2.
Advanced equipment acquired
3.
Green schools and districts established
4.
Educational materials produced and distributed to enhance public awareness
Main budget items:
1 446
181
361
904
1. Establish and
maintain educational
120
30
36
54
networks
2. Disseminate
169
24
48
96
educational materials
3. Publish a series of
193
12
48
132
books
4. Establish green
120
24
12
84
schools
5. Establish green
60
30
_
30
districts
6. Produce audio-
Jilin Province
193
12
48
133
visual tapes
EPB, SEPA,
1-2 years
GEF
7. PR/media outreach
169
6
48
114
NFM
8. Purchase equipment
for dissemination and
241
12
72
157
education
9. Provide training on
environmental
36
_
12
24
reporting
10. Provide training for
36
_
12
24
vil agers
11. Provide training for
grassroots network
48
18
12
18
workers
12. Maintain a
60
12
12
36
telephone hotline
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 4
Awareness raising and capacity building in the Changbai Mountain area
Outcomes:
1.
Videos produced on environmental issues, scientific publications acquired, and educational materials printed
2.
Database assembled of wild flora and fauna in the Changbai area
3.
Official website for Changbai Mountain National NPA created and maintained
4. Public and tourists' awareness enhanced of the need to improve environmental protection
Main budget items:
EPB of Changbai
434
151
151
133
1. Purchase
Mountain
96
24
24
48
equipment
Tourism and
2. Publishing and
Economic
108
30
42
36
printing
Development
1-2 years
GEF
3. Conduct research
Area,
72
24
24
24
4. Disseminate
Changbai
Mountain NPA
60
42
18
educational materials
Management
5. Produce video
Bureau
96
30
60
6
Existing major activities:
Various small-scale community PR activities.
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Annex 2B: TRZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 5
Wastewater treatment in Yanji City
Outcomes:
1. Sewerage constructed in selected areas
2. Wastewater treatment plant established
3. Water quality improved in the Tumen river basin
4. Capacity raised for the staff of the treatment plant
Main budget items:
20 000
5 000
5 000
10 000
1. Install sewerage
EPB of Yanji City,
3 000
2 500
500
Construction
2. Construct treatment
Bureau of Yanji
plant
City,
EPB of Jilin
10 000
2 500
2 500
1-2 years
5 000
GEF
3. Purchase facilities
Province,
and equipment for
Ministry of
plant construction and
National
6 950
1 980
4 970
operation
Construction
4. Conduct staff
training courses
50
20
30
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Annex 2C: TRZ National Actions (Russian Federation)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(31.6 RUB = 1 USD)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
existing
which new
needed to
budget for
budget wil
get new
FY 2003
be required
budget
onwards
approved
Action 1
Monitoring of pollutants' distribution in affected landscapes in Tumen River basin and coastal zone. Short-
middle- and long-term prognosis of background pollution. Preparation and implementation of measures to
decrease and minimize anthropogenic pressures.
Outcomes:
1. Landscape elements protected from pollutants and ecosystem degradation halted
2. Anthropogenic pollution minimized.
Main budget items:
139
14
27
98
Establish a permanent
Commit ee of Natural
47
5
9
1 year
33
GEF,
pollution monitoring
Resources Primorskii
USAID
station at Tumen
Krai, FEBRAS,
estuary (and its role in
Roshydromet Service,
the framework of a
Pacific Institute for
special regional
Geography
coordination program)
Monitor transboundary
Commit ee of Natural
11
2
3
Permanent
6
GEF
transfer processes that
Resources Primorsky
basis
play a main role in
Krai, FEBRAS,
degrading the marine
Roshydromet Service
ecosystem
Prepare short-, middle-
Institute of Marine
8
1
2
2 years
5
GEF
and long-term
Biology (Vladivostok),
prognosis of
Pacific Institute of
background pollution in
Geography,
affected landscapes
FEBRAS, Roshydromet
Service, Hydroproject
RF, ARRINP
Devise a series of
Commit ee of Natural
47
3
4
2 years
40
GEF,
measures for
Resources Primorsky
USAID,
decreasing and
Krai,
WWF
minimizing
FEBRAS Hydroproject,
anthropogenic
ARRINP (Moscow)
pollution to secure the
same benefits and
incomes which local
communities
possessed before
modernization; initiate
implementation of
measures
Regular monitoring
Commit ee of Natural
26
3
9
2 years
14
GEF
data exchanges (e.g.,
Resources Primorsky
on-line) and the
Krai, Primorski Krai
creation of a united
Administration,
regional data bank
Administration of the
Khasanski Rayon
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Annex 2C: TRZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
for which
needed to
existing
new
get new
budget for
budget wil
budget
FY 2003
be
approved
onwards
required
Action 2:
Prevent or minimize degradation and rehabilitate natural ecosystems (primary forests, wetlands, marines,
grasslands) in southwestern Primorie
Outcomes:
1. A variety of natural ecosystems in southwestern Primorie rehabilitated and protected
Main budget items:
3 311
154
264
2 893
Create fire fighting
Khasansky District
1 424
93
123
3 years
1 208
USAID,
brigades under the
Administration, Committee
GEF
Khasansky District
for Natural Resources
Administration
Primorskii Krai
(including salaries and
technical support)
Implement a fire
Commit ee of Natural
633
33
100
3 years
500
USAID,
prevention belt system
Resources Primorskii Krai,
GEF, ROU
in southwestern
Gov. Authority for Forest
Primorie
Management in Primorski
Krai, Gov. Authority for
Fire Prevention in
Primorskii Krai, Gov.
Ecological Fund RF
Raise public
Far Eastern Alliance of
4
1
1
1 year
2
INTAS,
awareness
NGOs, Far Eastern Branch
WWF
of Ministry for Emergency
Situations
Develop and
Gov. Authority for Forest
1 013
6
7
5 years
1 000
American
implement a program
Management in Primorski
(including
Forests,
for converting low-
Krai, Gov. University of
program
WWF,
value plantations into
Forestry, Dept. of Forest
preparation
GEF
important habitats
Management (MNR),
and restoration
(broad-leaved and
FEBRAS, Gov. Ecological
of 2500 ha on
coniferous forests) in
Fund, Gov. Forest Subsidy
the basis of
southwestern Primorie
400 USD/ha)
Develop and
Commit ee of Natural
38
9
14
1 year
15
WWF,
implement measures
Resources Primorskii Krai,
IUCN,
for preventing il egal
Gov. Authority for Forest
Traffic Int.
felling
Management of Primorski
Krai, Authority for Fire
Prevention of Primorski
Krai
Develop & implement
Commit ee of Natural
190
9
16
2 years
165
WWF,
a practical program for
Resources Primorskii Krai
Wetlands
conservation and
International
rehabilitation of
itemized:
itemized:
itemized:
itemized:
,
wetlands:
IUCN,
A. prevent erosion
158
6
13
1 year
139
GEF
along Tumannaya river;
B. add wetlands to
the Ramsar List
10
1.5
1.5
2 years
7
C. monitor and
protect Ramsar sites
22
1.5
1.5
2 years
19
Improve regional
Primorskii Krai Duma,
9
3
3
1 year
3
WWF, GEF
legislation to make
Administration of
landowners
Primorskii Krai
responsible for
biodiversity protection
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Annex 2C: TRZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
existing
which new
needed to
budget for
budget wil
get new
FY 2003
be required
budget
onwards
approved
Action 3.
Prevention of biodiversity loss
Outcomes:
1. Negative tendencies that lead to biodiversity loss and ecosystem transformation ameliorated
Main budget items:
1 075
23
48
1 004
Create a unified NPA
Khasanskii District
41
3
6
3 years
30
WWF,
system covering
Administration, Committee
"Rhino"
leopard and tiger
for Natural resources
Fund,
habitats on the basis of
Primorski Krai, FEBRAS,
IUCN
the existing NPAs in
Gov. Ecological Fund
southwestern Primorie
Prepare zoning for the
Khasanskii District
10
2
2
1 year
6
WWF,
NPA system (including
Administration, Committee
IUCN
determination of
for Natural resources
ecological corridors) in
Primorski Krai, FEBRAS
the border areas
between southwestern
Primorie and China
Plan and implement
Committee for Natural
949
16
33
1 year
900
WWF
ecological corridors
Resources Primorskii Krai,
system in the border
Authority for Hunting ­
areas between
Hunting Inspection of
southwestern Primorie
Primorski Krai, Authority for
and China
Forestry Primorskii Krai,
Authority for fishery
Primorskii Krai
Elaboration of
Committee for Natural
9
1
2
3 years
6
WWF
legislation for
Resources Primorskii Krai,
ecological corridors
Authority for Hunting ­
Hunting Inspection of
Primorski Krai, Authority for
Forestry Primorskii Krai
Strengthen the status
Committee for Natural
4
1
-
3 years
3
WWF,
Khasansky Nature
Resources Primorskii Krai,
IUCN
Park
FEBRAS, Khasanski District
Administration
Apply hunting charges
Committee for Natural
30
-
5
2 years
25
GEF,
and incentives for
Resources Primorskii Krai,
WWF,
hunting and forestry
FEBRAS, Khasanski District
TIGRIS
inspectors to conserve
Administration
Foundatio
endangered species
n
(especial y tigers and
leopards)
Purchase deer farms to
NGOs focusing on leopard
32
-
-
2 years
32
GEF,
support ecotourism
protection
WWF,
and leopard feeding
TIGRIS
Foundatio
n
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Annex 3A: DSZ National Actions (Mongolia)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(Mongolian budget information originally submit ed in USD terms)
Ministries/
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority actions
involved
from
which new
to get new
t
existing
budget wil
budget
budget for
be required
approved
FY 2003
onwards
Action 1
1. Protect biodiversity from natural disasters
Outcomes:
1. Legal, economic, and management systems created to minimize loss from natural disasters
2. Forest fires prevented/minimized, harmful insects neutralized, and diseases/blights countered
3. Anthropogenic pollution minimized
4. Disaster monitoring system improved
5. Regional disaster management centre established in eastern Mongolia
6. Economic mechanisms introduced/enhanced to minimize loss from disasters and increase responsibility
7. Capacity strengthened, local voluntary teams established
Main budget items:
2 125
101
300
1 724
Develop national plans
MNE, MECS
20
3
10
2003-2006
7
GEF
for education, training,
and information on
biodiversity protection
Establish local voluntary teams to
Governmental
30
3
10
2003-2006
17
GTZ,
reduce damage from natural
offices of Dornod
UNDP,
disasters near border areas
and Khenti aimags,
FAO
MNE, MFA
Develop and enforce economic
MNE, MFA, Local
70
10
30
2003-2006
30
Other
incentives to reduce damages
Admin.
from natural disasters
Acquire equipment, machinery,
Civil Defence
900
10
50
2003-2006
840
GTZ,
and communications to fight
Admin., Local
UNDP,
fires; train local residents to
Admin.
FAO
respond to forest and steppe
fires
Conduct/expand research on
MNE
290
20
40
2002-2005
230
Donors
insects harmful to
Forests; take prevention
measures in one mil. ha
Establish a research centre for
Administration of
140
20
40
2003-2006
80
Others
natural disaster impact mitigation
Dornod Aimag,
State Civil Defence
Admin.
Establish a monitoring system of
Information and
400
15
35
2003-2012
350
JAICA,
forest and steppe fires using GIS,
Computing Center,
other
terrestrial observation, etc.
MNE, Local Admin.
donors
Create a fire protection belt
Local Admin.,
150
10
40
2003-2006
100
Donors
Natural Resources
Office
Acquire meteorological
MNE, Hydro-
100
5
25
2003-2006
70
TASIS,
equipment; explore possibility of
Meteorological
and
using remote sensing methods in
Institute
others
local satellite networking
Prepare and conduct a 20-50
Civil Defence
25
5
20
2003-2006
0
-
hour training course on mitigating
Admin.,
and responding to natural
Local Admin.
disaster impacts (at all levels of
school-based training programs)
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Annex 3A: DSZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority actions
involved
from
which new
to get new
t
existing
budget wil
budget
budget for
be required
approved
FY 2003
onwards
Action 2
2. Strengthen NPA networks near border regions
Outcomes:
1. Livelihoods of local residents improved in and around NPAs near borders
2. Natural resource assets inventoried
3. Sustainable natural resource management systems established
4. Poaching dramatically reduced
Main budget items:
2 050
117
188
1 745
Identify territories near border
MNE, Local Admin.
10
2
3
2003-2012
5
UNDP
regions with specific ecological
importance
Establish NPA in cooperation
Local administrations
130
10
30
2003-2006
90
RF, PRC
with neighboring countries to
in Mongolia and
protect rare biological
PRC (as per
resources, migratory birds, and
approval by
ecosystems
parliaments)
Prepare specialists for NPA
MNE,
300
5
25
2003-2006
270
Donors
management and secure
Local Admin.,
equipment
donors
Develop and implement an eco-
MI, MNE,
300
10
30
2003-2006
260
Donors
tourism master plan for NPAs
Local Admin.
Develop and implement
MI, MNE, MFA,
50
50
2002-2006
0
-
management plans for each
Local Admin.
NPA; plans should be designed
by local park managers and
include local short- and long-
term priorities
Organize analytical research to
MNE,
1000
30
70
2002-2008
900
GEF,
determine ecological status of
Local Admin., WWF,
WWF,
NPAs, in order to improve park
GEF
project,
management
donors
Involve local residents in NPA
NPA Admin.
250
5
25
2002-2006
220
Donors
protection activities
Develop and implement
Local Admin., border
10
5
5
2002-2006
0
-
measures to stop poaching,
military forces, NPA
involving local people in this
Admin., local
activity
communities
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Annex 3A: DSZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amoun
Source
Priority actions
involved
from
which new
needed to
t
existing
budget wil
get new
budget for
be required
budget
FY 2003
approved
onwards
Action 3
Protect transboundary water resources
Outcomes:
1. Monitoring system created
2. Transboundary water protection activities extended with neighboring countries
3. Research conducted on water resources; inventories assembled
4. Mongol Daguur wetland designated as a new Ramsar site
5. Public awareness raised on the importance of protecting water and environmental resources
Main budget items:
450
24
102
324
Establish water management
NR Office, Local
200
10
50
2002-206
140
Donors
system to improve protection and
Admin., MNE
sound use activities
Monitor water pollution, establish
MNE, Local
60
1
5
2003-2010
54
Donors
small management stations near
Admin., donor
transboundary rivers, and lakes,
organizations
and streams
Implement inter-governmental
Local
90
3
17
2002-2010
70
WWF,
agreement on sound use and
administrations in
GEF,
protection of transboundary water
Mongolia and
IUCN and
resources; exchange information on
PRC, MNE,
other
issues related to transboundary
donors
rivers, lakes, and streams; initiate
SEPA (PRC)
research on water issues
Designate Mongol Daguur wetland
MNE, Dornod
100
10
30
2003-2005
60
WWF,
(210,000 ha) as a Ramsar sites
Aimag
Ramsar
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget for
be required
budget
FY 2003
approved
onwards
Action 4
Protect and restore forests
Outcomes:
1. Achieving sustainable development results by improving quality of forest sound use, protection and
restoration activities
2. Increase in family income of local people by improving use of non-timber forest products
3. Improvement of local people participation in forestry, creating of work place
Main budget items:
600
110
240
250
Improving knowledge and
MNE, MECS, RF
100
10.0
30
60
Donor
specialization of forestry
specialists, exchanging experts
and experiences
Forest restoration work in 3000
MNE, Dornod,
450
90
210
2002-2011
150
Donors
hectares, involving local people
Khenti , Sukhbaatar
aimags' Governors
offices
To separate 400 ha field for
MNE, MECS
50
10
-
2002-2004
40
Donor
regularly producing tree seeds in
each forest-vegetation species.
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Annex 3A: DSZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget for
be required
budget
FY 2003
approved
onwards
Action 5
Combat land degradation
Outcomes:
1. Legal and regulatory mechanisms introduced
2. Land restoration activities implemented
3. Community involvement in land management secured
4. Harmful impacts from rodents reduced
Main budget items:
1 010
100
260
650
Develop and enforce a general
Governmental
40
30
10
2003-2004
0
land-use plan for Dornod and
offices of Dornod
-
Khenti aimags
and Khenti aimags,
MNE, Land
Authority
Assess of land degradation by
Governmental
120
10
100
land-use categories
Office of Dornod,
10
2003-2004
Donors
Khenti aimags,
MNE, Land
Authority
Implement land restoration in
Governmental
200
40
160
2003-2010
0
2000 ha
Office of Dornod,
-
Khenti aimags,
Land authority
Implement measures to fight
Governmental
400
10
50
2003-2006
340
Other
epidemics and disease, and
offices of Dornod
financ'l
insects and rodents harmful to
and Khenti aimags,
org's
agriculture
MNE, MFA
Introduce pasture
Governmental
200
5
15
2003-2006
180
Donors
management systems based on
offices of Dornod
local people and
and Khenti aimags,
community traditions
MNE, MFA
Improve productivity of monitoring
MNE, Hydro-
50
5
15
2002-2008
30
TASIS
and observation activities using
Meteorological
remote sensing techniques
Institute, Academy
of Science
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (Russia)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(31.6 RUB = 1 USD)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget
be required
budget
for FY
approved
2003
onward
s
Action 1
Russian-Mongolian joint program for monitoring predominant, rare, and endangered species in the DSZ
Outcomes:
1. Monitoring system initiated and implemented for monitoring migratory species along main migration routes
2. Monitoring stations established targeting migratory birds (e.g., the Torei Lakes, Aginsky Okrug, Ivano-
Arakhleisky Reserve, etc.)
Main budget items:
34.5
2
2.5
30
Establish stations for
19
1
1
1.5 years
17
GEF
monitoring migratory birds
during global migrations (e.g.,
Torei Lakes, Aginsky Okrug,
Ivano-Arakhleiskey Reserve,
etc.)
Set-up database to track
9.5
0.5
1
1.5 years
8
Local governments,
dynamic changes in species
Chita Oblast
populations and periods of
Committee for Nature
Asia
migration, especial y for rare
Protection,
Foundation,
and endangered species;
Governmental
Turner
include factors influencing
Pedagogical
Foundation,
predominant, rare, and
University
MacArthur
endangered species
Foundation,
Enhance efficiency and raise
6
0.5
0.5
1 year
5
Eurasia
researchers' capacity at the
Foundation,
"Dauria" international reserve
World Bank
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed to
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
which new
get new budget
existing
budget wil
approved
budget for
be
FY 2003
required
onwards
Action 2
Countering land degradation and ecosystem fragmentation in border territories, including preparation of a
program for preventing steppe fires
Outcomes:
1. Land degradation brought under control using special programs:
2. Reforestation and forest belt planting conducted;
3. Wildfires in border territories prevented and managed;
4. Daurian wetlands rehabilitated and protected
Main budget items:
116
9
7
100
pending
Develop and
Local governments,
25
5
3
2 years
17
implement
Chita Oblast Committee
Asia
reforestation and
for Nature Protection,
Foundation,
forest belts planting
SBR Daursky
MacArthur
programs
Foundation,
Create an inventory of
Local governments,
3
0.7
0.3
1 year
2
Eurasia
degraded land due to
Chita Oblast Committee
Foundation,
mining, erosion,
for Nature Protection,
Turner
agricultural activities,
Commit ee for Land-
Foundation,
etc.; rehabilitate
use etc.
World Bank
degraded land
Prepare and
Local governments,
5.6
0.3
0.3
1 year
5
implement a program
Chita Oblast Committee
for wetlands
for Nature Protection,
Wetlands
rehabilitation and
commit ee for land-use
International,
conservation in the
Chita Institute of
GEF
DSZ
Natural Resources (SB
of Russian Academy of
Sciences)
Collect information on
Chita Oblast Committee
3.6
0.3
0.3
1 year
3
Asia
causes of fires and
for Nature Protection,
Foundation,
subsequent damage
Commit ee for Land-
MacArthur
to steppe and forest-
use
Foundation,
steppe ecosystems.
Eurasia
Creation of local
Chita Oblast
79
3
3
2 years
73
Foundation,
volunteer fire fighting
government, local
Turner
brigades in border
governments
Foundation,
areas; acquire needed
World Bank
equipment
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget
be required
budget
for FY
approved
2003
onwards
Action 3
Cataloging assets in the NPA system (determination of rare and endangered flora and fauna species
distribution, key landscape components etc.)
Outcomes:
1. Optimal scheme developed for biodiversity and landscape preservation (using the territorial protection tool)
Main budget items:
53
11
7
35
Design a series of
Chita Oblast Administration
29
6
5
2 years
18
Asia
various scale maps of
and Local Governments,
Foundation,
existing a prospective
Chita Oblast Duma,
MacArthur
networks of NPAs [sic]
Greenpeace of Russia,
Foundation,
Chita Oblast Commit ee for
Eurasia
Nature Protection, SRB
Foundation,
Daursky, Chita Institute of
Turner
Natural Resources
Foundation,
World Bank
Implement regional
Chita Oblast Duma, Chita
5
1
1
2 years
3
WWF, GEF
laws on NPAs in Chita
Oblast and Administration
Oblast (with the
and Local Governments
addition of ecological
corridors and
ecosystem networks)
Design a series of
Institute of Natural
6
3
0
1 year
3
Asia
various scale maps of
Resources, Chita
Foundation,
existing a prospective
MacArthur
networks of NPAs [sic]
Foundation,
Eurasia
Foundation,
Turner
Foundation,
World Bank
Conduct ful -scale
Chita Oblast Commit ee for
13
1
1
1 year
11
Asia
functional zoning of
Nature Protection, SRB
Foundation,
the territory and
Daursky, Chita Institute of
MacArthur
establish a network of
Natural Resources
Foundation,
ecological corridors
Eurasia
Foundation,
Turner
Foundation,
World Bank
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority actions
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount
Time
Amount
Source
from
for which
needed to
existing
new
get new
budget for
budget wil
budget
FY 2003
be
approved
onwards
required
Action 4
Conservation of biological and landscape diversity in new and existing NPAs in the transboundary
territories (with attention paid to commercial value)
Outcomes:
1. Effective network created of Strictly Protected Natural Areas and ecosystem networks
2. Natural conditions restored to ensure safe migrations of animals and the growth of endemic, rare, and
disappearing plants.
Main budget items:
108
2
3
103
Restrict (or provisionally
Chita Oblast Duma,
3
0.7
0.3
1 year
2
Ecological
prohibit) hunting in the
Administration for
fund Chita
spring season along
Hunting Management,
Oblast,
migratory flyways of birds
Chita Oblast Committee
WWF,
(the so-called bottle-
for Nature Protection,
Wetlands
neck)
SRB Daursky,
International,
SPA Mongol-daguur
Bird Life
International
Create a website on
SRB Daursky,
3
0
0
1 year
3
Now-How
Daurian steppe
SPA Mongol-daguur
Fund, WWF,
biodiversity
IUCN
Rehabilitate habitats of
Chita Oblast Duma,
79
0.5
3
2 year
76
Asia
rare and disappearing
Administration for
Foundation,
animals in the upper
Hunting Management,
MacArthur
reaches of the Amur
Chita Oblast Committee
Foundation,
basin
for Nature Protection,
Eurasia
SRB Daursky
Foundation,
Turner
Foundation,
World Bank
Conduct an inventory of
Administration for
22
0
0
1 year
22
Asia
vertebrates inhabiting the
Hunting Management,
Foundation,
DSZ and its adjacent
Chita Oblast Committee
MacArthur
territories and publish a
for Nature Protection,
Foundation,
complete annotated list
SRB Daursky,
Eurasia
in four languages
Chita Institute of Natural
Foundation,
(Buryat, English,
Resources
Turner
Mongolian, Russian)
Foundation,
World Bank
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (RF)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments involved
total cost
Amount
Amount
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
for which
needed to
existing
new
get new
budget
budget wil
budget
for FY
be
approved
2003
required
onwards
Action 5
Reduction of ecological and social risks in DSZ river basins by securing alternative livelihoods and income
sources (e.g., eco-tourism and natural/green products)
Outcomes:
1. Eco-tourism opportunities identified and promoted
2. Sustainably produced natural/green products promoted
Main budget items:
507
pending
pending
78
Conduct joint Mongolian-
Chita Oblast
16
0
0
2 years
16
Russian field research on
Administration,
the recreational potential
Onon District
of river basins in the DSZ
Administration, Chita
and other border areas
Regional Commit ee
(e.g., the Onon)
for Nature Protection,
Chita Institute of
Natural Resources,
SRB Daursky
SPA Mongol-daguur
Tourist agencies
Hold a joint Russian-
Chita Institute of
6
0
0
1 year
6
Mongolian Workshop for
Natural Resources,
tourism agencies (training,
Chita Oblast
Ecological fund
exchange of information,
Administration,
Chita Oblast,
signing agreements)
Onon District
Asia
Administration, Chita
Foundation,
Regional Commit ee
MacArthur
for Nature
Foundation,
Initiate pilot transboundary
Center for tourism
158
pending
pending
2 year
16
Eurasia
projects to establish
(Russia) Chita Oblast
Foundation,
aquatic, horseback, and
Administration,
Turner
walking/trekking routes for
Onon District
Foundation,
eco-tourists (e.g., sports,
Administration, and
World Bank
education, pilgrims, photo
Mongolian part
tours, etc.)
Train local residents in
Tourism-related
11
pending
pending
3 years
10
tourism-related
organizations and
businesses (souvenirs,
associations, various
local cuisine, photo and
NGOs
guide services, etc.)
Initiate programs to
Chita Oblast
316
-
8
2 years
30
support businesses that
Administration, Onon
(5 years)
sustainably produce non-
District
wood products from forest
Administration, Chita
and steppe resources
fund for small
(medicinal herbs, etc.)
business support
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Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (RF)
Priority actions
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget
be
budget
for FY
required
approved
2003
onwards
Action 6
Public awareness raising for biodiversity and landscape conservation
Outcomes:
Public awareness raised or enhanced
Main budget items:
55
7.5
7.5
40
Enhance public access to
Chita Oblast
4
1
1
1 year
2
ecological y vital
governments, Local
information on major
governments, Chita
projects, including
Oblast Committee for
transboundary pipelines
Nature Protection,
commit ee for land-use,
various NGOs
Asia
Initiate a mass media
Chita Oblast
32
5
5
2 years
22
Foundation,
campaign for educating
Administration,
MacArthur
local communities on the
Onon District
Foundation,
theme: environmental
Administration, Chita
Eurasia
conservation as the
Regional Commit ee for
Foundation,
foundation for a high
Nature Protection,
Turner
quality of life
SBR Daursky,
Foundation,
various NGOs, Chita
World Bank,
radio and TV networks,
Ecological
TV Altes, regional press
fund Chita
campaigns
Oblast
Start a quarterly
Fund "Baikal"
14
-
-
1 year
14
newsletter:
Chita Institute of Natural
(per year)
(per year)
"Transboundary
Resources, SBR
Environmental News"
Daursky, SBR
Sokhondinski
Hold an annual "Festival
SBR Daursky, SBR
5
1.5
1.5
1 year
2
Ecological
of Birds" and drawing
Sokhondinski , various
fund Chita
contests
NGOs
Oblast,
IUCN,
WWF,
Wetlands
International
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Annex 4A: MPZ National Actions (Mongolia)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(Mongolian budget information originally submit ed in USD terms)
Ministries/ Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
from
which new
to get new
t
Priority actions
existing
budget wil
budget
budget for
be required
approved
FY 2003
onwards
Action 1
Prevention of land degradation and desertification in selected areas
Outcomes:
1. Legal, economic, and management systems created to encourage appropriate land-use
2. Overused pasture and abandoned agricultural land affected by wind and water erosion restored by 20% within
5 years
3. Land management capacity strengthened at regional and local levels
4. Public awareness increased of the need to protect and use land sustainably
Main budget items:
1 385
210
264
911
Develop and implement land
MNE, Land
450
50
100
300
management plan in all
Management Authority,
administrative units (sum
Aimag and Sum
and aimag level); create land
administrations,
cadastre and registry
Governors' offices
Elaborate a favorable legal
MNE, MJIA, Aimag
15
3
2
10
environment for sustainable
Governors' offices
use of pastureland
Renovate and implement
Tax Department, MNE,
10
2
2
6
GEF,
legislation and regulations
local governments
1-3 years
UNDP,
on land-use payments, and
ADB
establish a land restoration
fund from the revenues
Enhance public awareness
MNE,
100
10
20
70
and improve pastureland
Aimag and Sum
management education
administrations, NGOs
Acquire and apply
MNE, MFA, MTI,
80
10
5
65
technology to rehabilitate
Aimag Governors'
degraded land;
offices
implement pilot projects for
land restoration (Zamiin uud,
Dariganga)
Improve pastureland water
MNE, MFA, Aimag
600
100
100
400
supply
Governors' offices
Undertake measures against
MFA, Aimag Governors'
200
50
100
50
pests that harm pastureland
offices
and forests
Establish forest nurseries
MNE, Aimag Governors'
60
25
15
20
and carry out reforestation
offices
activities in Khenti and
Sukhbaatar Aimags
Establish herders'
MNE, various
70
10
20
40
cooperatives and community
stakeholders
based pasture management
system
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Annex 4A: MPZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
from
which new
to get new
t
e
existing
budget wil
budget
budget for
be required
approved
FY 2003
onwards
Action 2
Conservation of wetlands (e.g., Buur and Dalai), their migratory birds and other wildlife
Outcomes:
1. Capacity improved to assess and monitor wetlands and water resources
2. Wetlands and associated biodiversity protected
3. Anthropogenic pollution minimized
4. Inventory conducted of water pollution sources
5. Water quality improved
Main budget items:
1 305
253
232
820
Strengthen existing hydro-
MNE, local authorities
400
100
50
250
meteorological monitoring
network by applying modern
IMAR EPB (PRC)
monitoring equipment and
conducting training
Develop unified water
MNE; National Agency
80
8
7
65
monitoring program and
for Meteorology,
methodology in the Dalai and
Hydrology and
Buur lakes
Environmental
Monitoring; local
1-2 years
JICA
authorities
Carry out measures to
MNE, Ministry of Health,
80
15
10
55
demineralize and soften
Project Preparation
water supplies, especially in
Administration, local
the steppe area where water
governments
quality is a threat to health
Conduct an inventory of
National Agency for
90
25
15
50
water pollution sources and
Meteorology and
establish database on
Hydrology and
transboundary water
Environmental
resources
Monitoring, research
institutes
Build and renovate water
MI, MNE
340
60
40
240
treatment plants for
set lements and water quality
management in the Kherlen
and Khalkhi n rivers
Create management system
MNE, Aimag and Sum
280
40
100
140
for waste collection,
Governors' offices
transportation, disposal and
treatment process
Develop and implement
MNE, Aimag Governors'
35
5
10
20
public awareness programme
offices, NGOs
on waste
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Annex 4A: MPZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
from
which new
to get new
t
e
existing
budget wil
budget
budget for
be required
approved
FY 2003
onwards
Action 3
Enhancing biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources
Outcomes:
1. Key habitats protected; biodiversity loss prevented
2. Ecological balance maintained; conditions for sustainable development secured
3. Relevant international conventions and treaties implemented
4. Sustainable use of biological resources encouraged
Main budget items:
285
42
45
198
Ensure enforcement of laws
MNE, Aimag and Sum
35
8
2
25
and regulations regarding
environmental inspectors
biodiversity conservation
and rangers
Develop and implement a
MNE, NPA
15
3
1
11
comprehensive program of
administrations,
conservation and restoration
Aimag and Sum
of valuable Ramsar
governors' offices
wetlands
Take measures to reduce
MNE, Aimag
25
3
5
17
poaching and illegal
environmental protection
international trade of natural
agencies, inspectors,
1-2 years
resources
Mongolian border troops,
relevant PRC and RF
authorities
Deliver training on
Aimag and Sum
15
3
2
10
biodiversity conservation
environmental protection
techniques at various levels
agencies, NGOs
Implement special projects
MNE, SPAA, Aimag and
195
25
35
135
on propagation of rare
Sum, NGOs
plants and protection of
endangered species
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
from
which new
needed to
existing
budget wil
get new
budget for
be required
budget
FY 2003
approved
onwards
Action 4
Creation of joint NPAs along the Mongolia-Chinese border
Outcomes:
1. Migratory species protected and biodiversity loss prevented
2. Damaged ecosystems recovered
3. Alternative income sources and livelihoods for local residents identified; eco-tourism opportunities developed
4. Sub-regional international cooperation enhanced
Main budget items:
325
40
40
245
Develop formal justification
15
5
2
8
and legal framework for joint
NPA
MNE, relevant ministries
from RF and PRC
Develop a comprehensive
15
5
1
9
NPA management plan
Establish NPA monitoring
MNE, SPAA, local
80
10
2
68
network; secure equipment
authorities, schools
and establish communication
1-2 years
GEF
methods
Conduct public awareness
MNE, SPAA
140
10
30
100
training for NPA staff and
communities
Develop and implement
MNE, MI, SPAA, Aimag
75
10
5
60
action program for eco-
and Sum Governors'
tourism in the region
offices
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Annex 4A: MPZ National Actions (Mongolia)
Ministries / Departments
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
involved
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Source
Priority actions
existing
which new
to get new
t
budget for FY
budget will be
budget
2003 onwards
required
approved
Action 5
Natural disaster prevention
Outcomes:
1. Damages to biodiversity and ecosystem reduced
2. Effective disaster management system established
3. Potential disasters mitigated
Main budget items:
880
247
110
523
Improve legislative
MNE, MJIA, State Board
50
15
35
0
framework and
for Civil Defense, State
institutional capacity for
Emergency Commission
disaster management
Enhance disaster
MNE, National Agency
700
200
50
450
preparedness, including
for Meteorology and
1-2 years
GEF,
improvements to early
Hydrology and
FAO
warning systems
Environmental
Monitoring
State Emergency
Commission
Establish transboundary
Governors' offices
30
17
10
3
fire prevention belts
Raise public awareness
MNE, MJIA, State Board
100
15
15
70
of fire prevention
for Civil Defense, State
Emergency Commission
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Annex 4B: MPZ National Actions (PRC)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(8.3 CNY = 1 USD)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
to get new
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
budget
onwards
required
approved
Action 1
Capacity building of Ba Er Hu Mongolian Gazel e NPA (especially international cooperation)
Outcomes:
1. Wild fauna protected (especial y gazelles) and threatened animal populations increased
2. Grassland ecosystems recovered and conserved
3. Transboundary eco-tourism opportunities identified and developed
4. Anthropogenic environmental pressures reduced
5. Regional biodiversity resources protected
Main budget items:
2 567
231
542
1 794
1.Construct infrastructure
460
36
72
352
2. Develop sustainable use
569
60
120
388
plan for ecological resources
A. establish sustainable
pasture demonstration site
B. develop eco-tourism
opportunities
3. Construct and acquire
257
24
48
184
facilities and equipment
1.5-2 years
GEF
A. exhibition hall
B. vehicles
4. Build capacity for
Ba Er Hu NPA
446
54
108
283
scientific research
Management
A. build laboratory
Bureau,
B. purchase equipment and
EPB of Xin Ba
vehicles
Er Hu You
5. Enhance natural resource
Banner,
837
57
193
587
management
EPB of Hu
A. define permissible levels
LunBei Er City,
of local residents' ability to
SEPA
use natural resources
B. post boundary signage
C. acquire patrol and
communication
equipment
D. establish a species
propagation center
E. recover degraded
grasslands
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Annex 4B: MPZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 2
Capacity building project for Dalai Lake National NPA
Outcomes:
1.
Facilities and infrastructure established for advanced conservation activities; management capacity
improved
2.
Scientific/monitoring equipment acquired; research and monitoring capacity improved
3.
Modern environmental education center built and capacity to disseminate information improved
4.
Staff trained and public awareness of environmental issues raised
5.
International cooperation capacity enhanced
6.
Transboundary eco-tourism opportunities identified and developed
Main budget items:
1 528
183
428
917
1.Construct resource
protection system
449
84
84
281
A. signage
B. buildings and essential
facilities
C. miscellaneous facilities
2. Develop an
ecological monitoring
313
48
96
169
system:
A. construct monitoring center
B. construct field lab
C. conduct research on
endangered birds
D. develop mechanism for
distributing findings
Management
Bureau of
3. Initiate an education,
1-2 years
GEF
Dalai Lake
dissemination, and training
477
32
84
361
NPA,
system
IMAR EPB,
A. construct training center
SEPA
B. construct facilities
for field observation of birds
C. train staff
4. Develop a framework for
international co-operation
16
16
0
0
A. address international NPA
issues
B. train staff
5. Develop a system for
sustainable use of natural
270
0
163
107
resources
A. prevent land degradation
and combat desertification
B. conduct demonstrations of
livestock breeding
6. Involve local communities
in NPA management
3
3
0
0
Existing major activities:
Da Lai lake NPA became a member of the International Wetland Organization in February 2002, and participated in the Man and Biosphere
program under UNESCO.
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Annex 4B: MPZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority actions
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
involved
existing
which new
needed to
budget for
budget will be
get new
FY 2003
required
budget
onwards
approved
Action 3
Capacity building project for Xi Lin Guo Le Grassland National NPA
Outcomes:
1. Grassland ecosystem and stability restored
2. Biodiversity protected
3. Infrastructure improved and monitoring capacity enhanced
Main budget items:
500
45
106
349
1. Construct infrastructure:
292
24
69
199
A. signage
B. facilities in core area
C. work station
D. Tourist facilities
E. fire-fighting facilities and
equipment
Management
F. communication
Bureau of
equipment
Xi Lin Guo Le
1-2 years
GEF
2. Construct and acquire
NPA,
60
0
24
36
educational facilities:
IMAR EPB,
A. exhibition hall
SEPA NFM,
B. various equipment
FB of
C. vehicles
Xi Lin Hao Te
city
3. Construct research
102
14
0
87
facilities construction:
A. monitoring and field
B. vehicles
4. Train staff
46
6
12
28
Existing major activities:
The NPA participated in the Man and Biosphere program initiated by UNESCO in 1987 and the PRC Human and Ecosphere network in 1993.
Because of lack of funds and staff, the main activities are limited to periodic monitoring and patrols in a limited area each year.
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority actions
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
involved
existing
which new
needed to
budget for
budget will be
get new
FY 2003
required
budget
onwards
approved
Action 4
Ecological rehabilitation project of Hui He NPA
Outcomes:
1. Degraded grassland restored
2. Desertified land rehabilitated and measures implemented to combat on-going desertification
3. Wetlands and water flow stabilized
Main budget items:
1 000
72
128
800
1. Restore degraded
400
36
43
321
grassland
Management
1-2 years
GEF
2. Treat desertified land
Bureau of
450
24
24
402
3. Rebuild dam and bridge
Hui He NPA
150
12
60
78
to stabilize water flow at
wetlands site
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Annex 4B: MPZ National Actions (PRC)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed to
Amoun
Sourc
Priority actions
involved
existing budget
which new
get new budget
t
e
for FY 2003
budget will be
approved
onwards
required
Action 5
Conservation extension in border areas
Outcomes:
1. Land degradation and desertification effectively control ed around Arxan City
2. Wetlands, wild flora and fauna effectively protected
3. Rehabilitation of forest ecosystems along Sino-Mongolian border accelerated
Main budget items:
1 800
240
360
1 200
1. Afforestation,
reforestation, and forest
360
160
200
rehabilitation (20,000 ha)
2. Build infrastructure for
in-situ species
Arxan City
conservation (breeding
EPB
420
120
300
center, exhibition hall,
Arxan City
laboratory, etc.)
Construction
3. Convert 20,000 ha of
Bureau
1-2 years
GEF
agricultural land into
IMAR EPB
220
35
35
150
grassland
Ministry of
4. Build infrastructure to
National
assist wetlands
Construction
conservation efforts
400
45
205
150
(water pipeline, dam,
bridge, roads, etc.)
5. Relocate residents in
400
400
selected areas
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
(ROK budget information originally submit ed in USD terms)
Ministries/
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departme
total cost
Amount from
Amount for which
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
nts
existing budget for
new budget wil
needed to
involved
FY 2003 onwards
be required
get new
budget
approved
Action 1
Regional cooperation mechanism for TumenNET SAP implementation
Outcomes:
1. Regional environmental cooperation improved and sustained
2. Regional cooperation mechanism for SAP established
3. Agreed-upon SAP national actions implemented via monitoring and fol ow-up
Main budget items:
785
0
385
1 year
400
Develop organizational
50
0
50
2003
0
-
structure for a regional
cooperation mechanism
based on the Tumen
Secretariat and River
MOE, KEI
commissions in Europe
Hold a regional workshop
35
0
35
2003
0
-
on establishing regional
cooperation mechanism
Establish regional
700
0
300
2003 -
400
GEF,
cooperation mechanism
onwards
UNDP,
MOE
for TumenNET SAP
TumenNET
countries
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
Ministries/
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
existing budget for
which new
needed to
FY 2003 onwards
budget will be
get new
required
budget
approved
Action 2
ROK wetlands conservation project
Outcomes:
1. Current legislative and regulatory framework rationalized regarding wetlands conversation
2. Long-term management plan established for the conservation of globally significant ROK wetlands
3. Important ROK wetlands conserved, targeting sites crucial for migratory birds and biodiversity
Main budget items:
5 900
1 050
2 900
1-4 yrs
1 950
Establish inventory of
MOE,
1 600
100
1 000
500
GEF
globally significant ROK
MOMAF,
wetlands
NIER, KORDI
Conduct stake holder
2 100
100
1 000
1 000
GEF
analysis, recommend an
efficient regulatory
mechanism, and
MOE,
encourage the
MOMAF,
participation of local
NIER, KORDI,
communities and
NGOs
2003-2007
stakeholders
Formulate a long-term
950
50
600
300
GEF
wetland management
plan
Amend existing laws
550
100
300
150
GEF
related to wetland
MOE,
management and
MOMAF
conservation
Purchase private land in
700
700
0
2003
0
-
and around wetlands to
MOE
ensure/enable effective
wetland conservation
Ministries/
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for which
Time
Amount
Source
involved
existing budget for
new budget wil
needed to
Priority actions
FY 2003 onwards
be required
get new
budget
approved
Action 3
Establishment of an interactive SAP website with the agreement of TumenNET countries
Outcomes:
1. Access to regional environmental information enhanced
2. Information exchange enhanced among participating countries
3. SAP cooperation facilitated through the website
4. Green investment sources and opportunities identified and promoted through the website
5. Eco-tourism opportunities promoted through the website
Main budget items:
110
15
95
1-3 yrs
0
-
Integrate existing
20
5
15
2003 - 2004
websites
(TumenNET, MOE,
NIER, etc.)
MOE, NIER
Create and manage
40
10
30
2003-2006
TumenNET SAP
website
Incorporate information
MOE, other
10
0
10
2004
about green investment
relevant
Provide information on
ministries
10
0
10
2004
eco-tourism
Build technical and
30
0
30
2004 - 2006
cooperative capacity
among website
MOE, NIER
operators in the
participating countries
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for which
Time
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
existing
new budget wil
needed to
budget for FY
be required
get new
2003 onwards
budget
approved
Action 4
Public awareness raising
Outcomes:
1. Public awareness of SAP issues raised throughout the TumenNET area
2. Formal and informal cooperation strengthened among the countries involved
3. Green investment sources identified from the public and private sectors
Main budget items:
40
0
40
1-2 yrs
0
-
Organize a study tour in
20
0
20
2003-2005
the Tumen River basin and
Mt. Baekdu (Changbai) to
help raise recognition of
MOE, Ministry
the environmental
of Unification.
importance of the region
and to seek possible eco-
tourism opportunities
Establish networks among
20
0
20
2004 -
MOE,
related NGOs and other
onwards
Gangwon
stakeholders to publicise
Province,
the environmental
NGOs
importance of the region
Ministries/
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
existing
which new
to get new
budget for FY
budget will be
budget
2003
required
approved
onwards
Action 5
Baekdu Mountain Range (Baekdu Daegan) ecosystem conservation
Outcomes:
1. Current legislative and regulatory framework rationalized for Baekdu Daegan ecosystem conservation
2. Long-term management plan established for the conservation and sustainable use of the range
3. Biodiversity resources identified and protected throughout the southern range
Main budget items:
17 500
4 000
11 400
1-4 yrs
2 100
Establish inventory for the
2 000
0
1 000
1 000
GEF
Baekdu mountain range (in
MOE, KEI
cooperation with DPRK
and PRC)
Conduct stakeholder
1 000
0
600
400
GEF
analysis, recommend
regulatory mechanisms,
MOE, KEI,
encourage participation of
NIER, NGOs
local communities and
2003 - 2007
stakeholders
Formulate long-term
900
0
500
400
GEF
MOE, KEI,
management plan for
NIER, NGOs
Baekdu Daegan
Amend existing laws
600
0
300
300
GEF
related to Baekdu range
management and
MOE
conservation
Establish a GIS system for
5 000
0
5 000
2003 -
0
-
monitoring ROK Baekdu
(5 years)
(5 years)
onwards
mountain range
MOE, KEI
conservation and updating
ecosystem maps every 5
years (1st period: 2003-07)
Purchase private land in
8 000
4 000
4 000
2004
0
-
and around the range to
ensure/enable effective
MOE
ecosystem and habitat
conservation
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
existing
which new
to get new
budget for FY
budget will be
budget
2003 onwards
required
approved
Action 6
Analytical Quality Control (AQC) project for international waters
Outcomes:
1. Framework devised for comparing water quality data among TumenNET countries
2. Regional AQC program established for joint monitoring of the Tumen River
3. Comparative water quality data generated
4. Capacity enhanced to monitor water quality and standardize data
Main budget items:
131
99
32
0
-
Prepare and distribute
NIER, Korea
20
0
20
samples
Research
Institute of
Standards and
2 years
Science
Analyze samples and
National and
8
0
8
report results
local
laboratories of
TumenNET
countries
Evaluate analytical results
4
0
4
Conduct training workshop
99
99
0
current project
for TumenNET countries
NIER
on integrated water quality
management for the
Tumen watershed (02-03)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for
Time needed
Amount
Source
Priority actions
involved
existing
which new
to get new
budget for FY
budget will be
budget
2003 onwards
required
approved
Action 7
Transboundary EIA initiation project
Outcomes:
1. Transboundary EIS standardized in all TumenNET countries
2. EIA review methodology standardized
3. SEA adopted for transboundary policies, projects, and programmes
4. Regional transboundary EIA cooperation mechanisms established
Main budget items:
1 520
0
980
6 mos. ­ 3 yrs
540
Develop EIS textbook
40
0
40
6 months
0
Conduct EIS training
60
0
40
20
World Bank,
(per yr)
1.5 years
ADB
Develop EIA/SEA textbook
80
0
80
0
-
Conduct EIA/SEA training
MOE
60
0
40
20
World Bank,
(per yr)
ADB
Explore options and
1 000
0
200
5 years
800
World Bank,
establish regional
UNDP,
cooperation mechanism
private
sector,
TumenNET
countries
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority actions
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for which
Time needed
Amount
Source
involved
existing budget for
new budget wil
to get new
FY 2003 onwards
be required
budget
approved
Action 8
Inter-Korean/Russian cooperation for protection of coastal environments in the East Sea
Outcomes:
1.
Marine biodiversity in coastal regions conserved and used in a sustainable manner
2.
Monitoring systems implemented for seawater, sediment and biological resources in the coastal zone, including
the Tumen River estuary
3.
Strategies identified to reduce pollution in the coastal zone, including the Tumen River estuary
4.
Survey completed of coastal ecosystems, including the Tumen River estuary
5.
Anthropogenic pollution minimized
Main budget items:
1 800
0
900
2-3 years
900
Monitor seawater and
600
0
300
300
sediment in the Tumen
(3 years)
(3 years)
river estuary and East
MOMAF,
Sea coastal zone
National
Monitor marine and
Fisheries
600
0
300
300
estuarine resources in
Research and
(3 years)
(3 years)
GEF,
the Tumen estuary and
Development
World
coastal zone
Institute
Bank
Develop strategies and
600
0
300
300
systems to encourage
(3 years)
(3 years)
the sustainable use of
DPRK, RF (if
biological diversity in
agreed)
the Tumen river estuary
and coastal zone
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Annex 5: SRZ National Actions (ROK)
Ministries /
Estimated
National sources of funds
Other sources
Priority actions
Departments
total cost
Amount from
Amount for which
Time
Amount
Source
involved
existing budget for
new budget wil
needed to
FY 2003 onwards
be required
get new
budget
approved
Action 9
TumenNET water quality improvement and green investment workshop
Outcomes:
1.
Water quality improved in Tumen River and other international waters in the TumenNET region
2.
Management of wastewater treatment plants improved in DPRK, Mongolia, PRC, and RF (if agreed)
3.
Chemicals provided for wastewater treatment processes/facilities
4.
Regional investment opportunities and channels identified, improved, and sustained
5.
Recommendations produced on creating green investment framework
Main budget items:
40 050
10 010
30 030
10
Provide chemical
40 000
10 000
30 000
-
Recipient
materials for modern
(5 000 for each
-
country
wastewater treatment
of 6 years)
provides
processes (ferrous
transport of
sulfate and liquid
Hankook
chemical
polyferric sulfate)
Titanium Co.
materials
Provide consultant on
10
5
-
Depends on
5
construction of
MOE
recipient
Recipient
wastewater facility
country
country
Provide consultant on
10
5
-
5
provides
management of
matching
wastewater treatment
funds
facility
Hold a regional
FKI, MOE, KEI
30
-
30
2003
-
Recipient
workshop on attracting
country
green investment into
pays travel
and within the region for
costs
SAP interventions
Note: liquid polyferric sulfate is commonly used in water and sewage treatment in the pulp and paper industry, while ferrous sulfate is used in
general wastewater treatment applications. More information is at www.titanium.co.kr.
Conditions: Supply of the sulfates to the recipient governments requires a water quality analysis survey to first be submit ed to the MOE/Hankook
Titanium, as well as treatment facilities able to process the sulfates. Hankook Titanium can assist in facility design to allow the use of its sulfate
products. Detailed multi-party agreements will be made directly between recipient governments, the recipient plant, MOE, and Hankook Titanium
Co.
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Annex 6: TRZ bilateral MOU (PRC-RF)
Memorandum of Understanding of
TumenNET SAP TRZ Meeting
Changchun, People's Republic of China
June 5-6, 2002
We, representatives of the P.R. China and the Russian Federation, participating in the TumenNET Strategic Action Program (SAP) Tumen
River Basin Zonal (TRZ) meeting,
recognizing the importance of the TRZ as the treasure of Northeast Asian ecosystem, where human beings should live in harmony with
the nature and its wild life,
welcoming the initiatives countries have taken and the progress in protecting the transboundary biodiversity and international water
resources
further recognizing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis(TDA) as a basic document on which concrete measures should be taken to
address the root-causes for environmental degradation
have reached an agreement as fol ows, with the TumenNET Project Coordination Unit(PCU) and SAP Lead Agent (the R.O.K.) as
witnesses
The meeting identified each country's National priorities as fol ows:
The P.R. China
1)
Biodiversity protection in the Tumen River Area, especially the protection of Northeast Tiger (Amur tiger), Far East Leopard,
migratory birds, cold-water fishes, etc.;
2)
Wetland rehabilitation and protection in the Tumen River Area;
3)
Biodiversity protection in the Changbai Mountain Area and improvement of management and supervision in particular the
monitoring and warning system;
4)
Publicity, awareness-raising and education network on environmental protection including web site establishment, human
resource development and public participation.
The Russian Federation
1)
Monitoring of pollutants' distribution in affected landscapes in Tumen River basin and coastal zone.
-
regular complex field research for pollutants' distribution in affected landscape to fill up gaps in our knowledge about
river and coastal zone;
-
establishing a permanent monitoring station at Tumen river estuary and its coordination in a framework of special
regional program.
2)
Valuable ecosystem fire-protection in Primorskii territory in order to protect rare and endangered species.
3)
Prevent or minimize degradation and rehabilitate the most valuable ecosystems (primary forests, wetlands, marines, grasslands).
4)
Optimization of a system of nature protected areas (NPA), including strictly reserves (zapovednics), national parks and others as its
main elements. Creation of ecological networks, including cores, ecological corridors, buffer and restoration zones.
5)
Support and development the measure system for Amur tiger and Far-Eastern leopard in wildlife and migratory birds.
The P.R. China and the Russian Federation agreed to ful y cooperate in the fol owing regional priorities;
1)
establishing and enlarging Nature Protected Areas (NPA) to protect threatened species like the Amur tiger, the far-eastern
leopard, migratory birds in each country, This may involve actions;
-
strengthened NPA management
-
strengthen the ecosystem management in strict accordance with national laws and regulations.
-
public information and awareness raising measures
-
comprehensive ecosystem approach
2)
establishing eco-corridors connecting NPAs across the bordering countries (see attached map)
3)
protecting wetlands in southwestern Primorskii Krai of the Russian Federation and in the Tumen River Area of the P.R. China
4)
promoting eco-tourism where it is appropriate and establish the necessary infrastructure for it.
5)
Organization of regular monitoring data exchange according to national laws;
6)
Capacity building for strengthening activity in instrumental tools for implementing national juridical legislation in practice,
and for strengthening participation of stakeholders from related ministries/agencies, local communities, private sectors, etc.
The representatives from the P.R. China and the Russian Federation agree that
1)
water pollution of the Tumen River and its subsidiaries is of common concern. Significant levels of pollution from industry,
agriculture, municipal sewage enter the Tumen River Basin and urgent action is needed to address this problem.
- The P.R. China has made significant progress in improving the situation. Indicative of these efforts are: a system of national and
provincial laws and regulations that set maximum levels of pollutants for waste water and solid waste in Jilin Province; sewage
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treatment facilities for Kaishantun pulp and paper mill and for Shixian paper mill are under construction; work has commenced to build
a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the city of Yanji, a water treatment plant for the city of Hunchun is under preparation; and
garbage treatment plants for Yanji city and Longjing city have been completed.
- The Russian Federation too has been active in set ing and enforcing national regulations that limit effluent discharge. In addition
Russia has established a long-term monitoring plan of the Tumen River Basin and its offshore areas.
- The PCU informed that the DPRK has been active in seeking international support to reduce mine effluents from Musan Iron Ore
Mine in North Hamgyong Province, and also commenced a small community-based education program targeted at municipal and
household waste management
2)
Russian water quality monitoring data in the Tumen Estuary shows some improvement during the past 10 years. Despite this
encouraging trend, more needs to be done however and further regional cooperation is required to address pollution of the Tumen
River in a comprehensive and integrated manner.
3)
The main constraint lies in the fact that the Tumen River is a border river between the DPRK, Russia and China. Any cooperative
mechanisms to jointly address pollution of the Tumen River Basin must therefore involve the Government of the DPRK and both China
and Russia seek the support from the TumenNET PCU to obtain DPRK participation in this important issue.
The P.R. China and the Russian Federation recommended
1)
that DPRK ful y participates in regional efforts to better manage the Tumen river basin ecosystem
2)
participating countries to further explore the possibility of establishing cooperation mechanism to effectively address
environmental issues.
Signed at Changchun, the P.R. China, June 6, 2002
On behalf of the Peoples Republic of China
Mr. Wang Guocai
Deputy Chief, Environmental Protection Agency of Jilin Province
On behalf of the Russian Federation
Mr. Konstantin M. Kutchenko
Deputy Head, Committee for Natural Resources for Primorskii Krai, Ministry for Natural
Resources, RF
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Annex 7: DSZ bilateral MOU (Mongolia-RF)
Memorandum of Understanding
of TumenNET SAP DSZ Meeting
Chita, Chita Oblast, Russia
June 25-26, 2002
We, representatives from Chita Oblast, the Russian Federation and and the eastern Aimags ( Dornod and Khenti ) in Mongolia, hereinafter referred
to as "the Parties", participating in the TumenNET Strategic Action Program (SAP) for the Daurean Steppe Zone (DSZ) Workshop, which was held
in Chita city, Chita Oblast, the Russian Federation, on 25- 26 June, 2002,
bearing in mind existing bi-/multi-lateral cooperation agreements such as the Agreement between the Governments of Mongolia and
the Russian Federation on Cooperation for environment conservation, 15 February 1994, the Agreement between the Governments of Mongolia
and the Russian Federation on the Protection and Use of Border Waters, 15 February 1995 and the Agreement between Mongolia, the Russian
Federation and the People's Republic of China on the Daurian International Nature Protection Area, February 1994;
recognizing the importance to preserve the biological diversity on Russian - Mongolian transboundary territories as globally significant
for the entire Northeast Asian Region;
considering centuries-long traditions of the people who had lived on these territories in harmony with nature and its wildlife;
welcoming the initiatives Northeast Asian countries have taken in the sphere of protecting biological and natural diversity of the
transboundary territories and wetlands;
ascertaining that the preliminary study of the political, socio-economic and legal situation within the concerned countries provides for
the implementation of measures to minimize or exclude the threat to the biological and landscape diversity of the transboundary territories;
further recognizing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) as a foundation document on which concrete measures should be
taken to address the root-causes for environmental degradation, particularly land and wetland degradation;
stressing the importance of protecting the transboundary biodiversity and water resources in border areas and promoting the rational
use of these resources;

considering that efforts must be made to initiate a treaty as a cooperative mechanism for implementing the SAP in future,
have reached the fol owing understanding, with the TumenNET Project Coordination Unit and the SAP Lead Agent ( Republic of Korea)
as witnesses:
The Russian party (Chita Oblast) focuses its efforts on
·
Developing in Daurian steppe zone an ecological network of territories with a status of national protection (reserves, national parks,
zapovedniks):
-
strengthening regional legislative mechanism and legislating special laws supporting ecological network and land reservation;.
-
providing a protective status to ecological corridors; expanding buffer PA zones, etc.
·
Promoting eco-tourism and recreational infrastructures in the border areas:
-
data base preparation for potential tourism and recreational resources of the border territories;
-
preparation of pilot eco-tour projects.
·
Biodiversity and landscape conservation of the Daurian Steppe Zone and other territories in border zones as basis for the sustainable
development:
-
restricting (up to prohibiting) hunting in the spring season on the territories of the global migratory flyway of birds (so-called
"bottleneck");
-
implementing a system of measures to preserve rare and endangered species: antelope "zeren", Bustard, Japanese White-
naped Crane, Demosel e Crane, Mongolian Marmot, Manul cat in the Russian part of the Daurian Steppe Zone;
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-
strengthening the regional legislative basis for regulating the natural resources management and environmental conservation
(environmental auditing).
·
System of measures for wetlands conservation:
-
inventorization of wetlands and assessment of their ecological functions on border territories;
-
elaboration and implementation of program for wetlands rehabilitation and conservation in the Daurian Steppe Zone.
·
Control ing and decreasing the land degradation and ecosystem fragmentation on border territories:
-
reforestation and forest­belts plantations;
-
inventorization of degraded land due to mining, erosion, agricultural activities etc., and subsequent rehabilitation;
-
promoting public access to ecological y vital information on major projects, including those of prospective transboundary
pipelines.
·
Public awareness raising for the responsible attitude towards biological and landscape conservation.
-
using the informational potential of regional NGOs to involve the local population and public opinion in handling transboundary
environmental issues;
-
starting a wide public awareness program to prevent illegal hunting and to facilitate wildlife conservation on border territories;
-
enforcing government and public control of the quality of surface and ground water in the border territories (rivers Menza, Onon
and others).
The Mongolian party ( Eastern Aimags - Dornod and Khenti ) focuses its efforts on:
·
Protecting biodiversity by reducing damages of natural catastrophes (renovating legal, economic structure, management systems
to reduce loss from natural disasters, preventing forest and steppe fires and neutralizing harmful insects and diseases, minimizing the
anthropogenic pollution, improving scientific and technological basis to forecast natural disasters in Aimags and Sum areas, exchanging
information with neighboring countries, monitoring catastrophes, evaluating risks and environmental sensibility to catastrophes,
establishing the regional catastrophe combating center in Eastern zones, establishing the biogeocoenosis stations).
·
Strengthening natural protected areas' networking near border regions (improving the quality of life of local people in nature
protected areas near borders, investigating environmental resources providing appropriate conditions for their sustainable use and
biological regenerating and reduction of illegal hunting).
·
Protecting transboundary water resources (creation of monitoring system, extension of transboundary water protection activities
together with neighboring countries including research and investigations of water resources, obtaining accurate data base of water
resources and promoting the public awareness for water conservation)
·
Preventing of land degradation and desertification (forest protection and restoration, improvement of land management,
sustainable pasture management practices and restoration of degraded land in mining areas).
The Parties agreed to pursue cooperation in the fol owing regional priorities:
·
Strengthening the bilateral and multilateral cooperation for the existing and future transboundary Nature Protected Areas
(NPA) and nature reserves through
-
establishing new NPAs in border areas;
-
improving and strengthening legal and regulatory systems;
-
raising public awareness and community involvement;
-
improving ecological y sustainable quality of life of local communities in the buffer zones;
-
establishing joint management of border NPAs;
-
considering the possibility to include some protected areas of the Daurian Steppe Zone (Russian and Mongolian parts) in the
World Heritage List.
·
Prevention of land degradation and ecosystem fragmentation through
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-
extension of reforestation, plantation and soil improvement activities;
-
conduction of surveys to identify the environment hot spot areas in the Daurian Steppe Zone using GIS and establishing proper
monitoring systems in the above cited areas;
-
utilizing the traditional agricultural way of local communities in the border zone (e.g. nomadic livestock breeding, improving the
quality of natural meadows and pastures by using sustainable practices);
-
improving the regional and urban planning;
-
enhancement of community involvement for preventing the land degradation;
-
elaboration and implementation of the legislative tools and economic stimulation of the local community for sustainable land use.
·
Conservation of water quality and fresh water ecosystem through
-
control ing and monitoring fresh water quality in Onon and Ingoda rivers by increasing the number of hydrological stations or
posts and by strengthening the technical capacity of hydro- chemical laboratories in order to prevent pollution of Amur river;
-
elaborating programs for wetlands conservation and sustainable use of their resources;
-
developing and maintaining data bases for the assessment and management of nominated and recognized wetlands as Ramsar
sites and other valuable wetlands for waterfowl birds;
-
promoting ecological y sustainable mining activities to prevent the water pollution.
·
Conservation and enhancement of rare, endangered and most valuable fauna and flora species, among these, using
restoration of ecosystems, particularly in areas suffering from from economic activities pressure:
-
restricting (up to prohibiting) hunting in the spring season on the territories of the global migratory route of birds (so-cal ed
"Bottleneck");
-
inventorizing the vertabrates inhabiting the Daurian steppe zone and its adjacent territories and publishing a complete annotated
list (in Latin, English, Russian, Mongolian languages);
-
establishing the regular birds monitoring on their migration flyways in the wetlands of the Daurian Steppe Zone;
-
conserving valuable and medicinal plants, particularly the endangered species.
·
Exchange of information and consultations consistent with national laws on environmental impact assessment on the
development activities in border areas, such as roads, bridges and railways construction, e.g. over Onon and Ingoda rivers.
-
raising public awareness on conservation transboundary biodiversity and international water protection by publishing the
periodical newsletter " Environmental Transboundary News " (draft) in Mongolian, Russia, English languages, in the electronic
and printed formats;
-
developing eco-tourism depending on the potential of protected areas:

developing a series of pilot eco - tours;

disseminating the information on eco tourism resources/potential;

designing, issuing and distributing the posters on the protection of eco tourism resources of the Daurian
Steppe Zone;

organizing training courses for the sustainable eco - tourism in the protected areas; developing and
implementing the joint eco ­ tourism projects;
-
preventing steppe and forest fires through improving the operational communication, training the local communities in fire
management, and raising public awareness
-
building local capacities for effective implementation of the SAP through integrating stakeholders, local community-based
organizations and the business sector in biodiversity conservation, enhancing people's awareness and involvement in the
planning and management of biodiversity conservation and water protection.
·
To implement the above activities, the Parties wil explore joint cooperation mechanisms that may involve:
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-
Elaboration of the convention on protection the transboundary biodiversity and international water protection for the
implementation of the SAP utilizing the mechanism of bi-lateral commission;
-
exchange of research experiences, experts and researchers;
-
seminars, symposia and meetings of specialists, as well as training courses and study programs;
-
exchange of research, methodologies and other information for set ing up data bases consistent with relevant national laws and
regulations;
-
development and implementation of joint programs and projects;
-
creation of joint working groups.
Parties kindly request the international donor communities to assist in mobilizing financial resources for the development
and implementation of jointly agreed priority projects.
Signed at Chita, Russia, 2002-06-12
Vice ­ Governor of Dornod province
Vice- Governor, Chita oblast Administration
Mr. V. Petukhov
Mr. R. Rinchinbyamba
Director of Environment and Agriculture, Industry division of
the Governor's Office of Khenti Province
Mr. Ts. Chinzorig
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Annex 8: MPZ bilateral MOU (Mongolia-PRC)
Memorandum of Understanding
of TumenNET SAP MPZ Meeting
Hohhot, People's Republic of China
June 11-12,2002
We, representatives from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of P.R.C. and the eastern aimags of Mongolia, hereinafter referred to as
"the Parties", participating in the TumenNET Strategic Action Program (SAP) for the Mongolian Plateau Zonal (MPZ) meeting, which was held in
Hohhot, China on 11-12 June, 2002,
Bearing in mind existing bi-and multi- lateral cooperation agreements such as the Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and
the People's Republic of China on Cooperation for Environment Protection, 05 June 1990, the Agreement between the Government of Mongolia
and the People's Republic of China on the Protection and Use of Border Waters, 04 April 1994, and the Agreement between Mongolia, Russia and
the People's Republic of China on the Daurian International Nature Protection Area, February 1994.
Welcoming the initiatives Northeast Asian countries have taken and the progress made in protecting the transboundary biodiversity and
international water resources;
Further recognizing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) as a basic document on which concrete measures should be taken to
address the root-causes for environmental degradation particularly land and wetland degradation;
Stressing the importance of protecting the transboundary biodiversity and water resources in border areas and promoting the rational use
of these resources;
Considering, that protection of natural environment and its restoration is an important issue in economic and social development for the
benefits of next generations;
Have reached the fol owing understanding, with the TumenNET Project Coordination Unit and the SAP Lead Agent ( Republic of Korea)
as witnesses:
(a)
The Parties agreed to pursue cooperation in the fol owing regional priorities:
· Strengthening the administrative cooperation capacities for the existing and future transboundary nature protected areas (NPA) and nature
reserves through, eg:
-
establishment of new NPAs in border areas;
-
improving and strengthening legal and regulatory systems, where required;
-
improve public awareness and community involvement;
-
improve ecological y sustainable livelihood of local communities in the buffer zones;
-
explore joint management of border NPAs.
· Prevention of land degradation and desertification through, eg:
-
extension of reforestation, plantation and soil improvement activities;
-
improvements to land management;
-
sustainable pasture management practices;
-
improved regional and urban planning.
· Exchange of information and consultations, consistent with national laws, on environmental impact assessments for economic activities in
border areas, such as construction of roads, bridges and railways, eg Numrug river.
· Conservation and enhancement of grassland ecosystems, endemic wild life (eg gazelles) and plant species, including restoration of
ecosystem, particularly in areas that experience high pressure from economic activities.
· Conservation of wetlands (eg Buur and Dalai), their migratory birds and other wildlife:
-
comply with relevant RAMSAR and other conventions;
-
establish biodiversity inventories and conduct regular census;
-
study wetlands as part of a broader ecosystem approach;
-
restore degraded wetlands;
-
improve environemntal monitoring, inspection;
-
conduct joint actions to provent illegal fishing, hunting and other economic activities.
· Promotion of improved water management for border rivers, through eg:
-
conserve the Kherlen and Halkhiin [Khalki n] Gol rivers;
-
establish wastewater treatment plants in aimag capitals (Mongolia) and in Arxan city (China);
-
promote ecological y sustainable economic activities such as eco-tourism in the Halkh [Khalkhi n] and Numrugiin Gol areas and in
Arxan city and establish the necessary infrastructure;
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-
conserve the highly endangered Taimen fish species in these rivers.
· Improved information and awareness of biodiversity issues including biosafety, and increase public participation in actions to conserve and
enhance biodiversity.
· Promote local capacities to effectively implement the SAP through integrating stakeholders participation, including ful participation of local
community-based organization and the business sector in biodiversity conservation and encourage people's awareness and involvement in
planning and management of biodiversity conservation and water protection.
· Strengthening the implementation of local-level regulatory systems and procedures for biodiversity conservation and water management for
SAP implementation.
· Conduct a joint survey into Yellow dust research
· Conservation of useful and medicinal plants listed in the appendices of CBD and CITES, particularly the highly endangered species of
Medicago Alaschanica Vass; Astragalus Monghholicus Bunge; Glycine soja et Zucc; Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fish; Tulipa Uniflora Bess;
Medicago Falcata (L).
· Conduct surveys on identification of environment hot spot areas in the MPZ using ground and satellite data and establish proper monitoring
system in the above areas
(b) To implement the above activities, the Parties will explore joint cooperation mechanisms that may involve:
· Exchange experiences of research activities and studies, exchanging specialists and researches;
· Organize seminars, symposia and meetings of specialists, as well as providing training courses and study programmes;
· Exchange research and methodologies and other information, set ing up data bases, consistent with relevant national laws and regulations;
· Develop and implementing joint programs and projects.
· Create joint working groups.
( c) Parties kindly requested the international donor community to assist in mobilizing financial resources for development and implementation of
jointly agreed priority projects.
Signed at Hohhot, the People's Republic of China, 12 June, 2002-06-12
On behalf of Dornod, Khenti and Sukhbaatar Aimags, Mongolia
On behalf of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region EPB,
China
Mr. Kh. Gerelt-od,
Director of Environment and Agriculture, Industry division of
the Governor's Office of Sukhbaatar, Province
Mr. Yong Hong,
Mr. Baldan
Deputy Director of Environment Protection Bureau, IMAR, China
Director of Environment and Agriculture, Industry division of
the Governor's Office of Dornod Province
Mr. Gurtseden
Director of Environment and Agriculture, Industry division of
the Governor's Office of Khenti Province
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Annex 9: TRZ Trilateral Recommendations (DPRK-PRC-RF)
Tripartite Tumen River SAP Meeting
(DPRK, PRC, Russian Federation)
Recommendations
_______________________________
We, representatives of Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China, and the Russian Federation,
participating in the Tumen River Strategic Action Program (SAP) Trilateral Meeting, held in Beijing, PRC, on 28-29 August 2002,
Welcoming the initiatives that Northeast Asian countries have taken and the progress made in protecting transboundary biodiversity
and international water resources,
Further recognizing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) as a basic project document on which concrete measures should be
taken to address the root causes of environmental degradation,
Stressing the importance of protecting transboundary biodiversity and water resources in border areas and the TumenNET region and
promoting the rational use of these resources,
Considering the protection of natural environment and its restoration in the region as an important issue in sustainable economic and
social development for the benefits of the future generations,
Have recommended to pursue cooperation on col aborative efforts for protecting and conserving globally important ecosystems in the
fol owing regional priorities:
1. Exchange of know-how on monitoring techniques and information on monitoring data, standards and national pollutant inventories, according to
respective national laws and regulations
-
explore administrative procedures for periodic exchange
-
fix timetable/schedule for preparation and exchange
-
implement capacity building measures (e.g., regional training courses, expert exchanges, assistance in compilation of pollutant
inventories, if necessary)
2. Exchange of know-how on wastewater treatment techniques and information about regulatory frameworks
-
carry out capacity building measures (e.g., regional training courses, expert exchanges)
-
fix timetable/schedule for exchange
3. Regional pilot/demonstration projects on remediation of polluted areas
-
identify/prepare pilot projects to attract funding for large-scale actions
-
exchange know-how on remediation methods/techniques
-
implement capacity building measures (e.g., regional training courses, expert exchanges)
4. Marine environment protection
-
establish a national and regional capacity for environment monitoring in the Tumen river mouth and in marine coastal areas
(e.g., equipment/materials supply, regional training courses, expert exchanges)
-
compile inventories of pollutant sources
-
develop a plan for sustainable management of marine resources
5. Public awareness raising
-
enhance capacity of grassroots organizations
-
implement mass-media campaigns for dif erent stakeholder groups
-
carry on community initiatives (e.g., clean-up day, green school)
-
implement small grant programs and/or micro-credits at community level
-
prepare and distribute environmental education materials
-
develop website with the Environment Information System
-
other measures mainstreaming public awareness raising on environmental issues
6. Cooperation for sustainable development
-
develop a regional program of activities to harmonize natural resources exploitation including sustainable agriculture, forestry,
mining, water management
-
prepare a program of sustainable wetlands management
-
exchange information on biodiversity regularly, including endangered and rare species and their habitats, potential ecological
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corridors, biodiversity inventories, etc.
7. Cooperation to seek funds
-
establish joint data base and/or publication on potential projects in national and donor country languages
-
encourage inter-ministerial col aboration among countries for project proposal formulation and joint approach to donors
-
create/enhance favorable investment conditions to attract private sector funding
-
work with industry associations to promote investment opportunities
The meeting participants agreed to further explore the possibility of establishing cooperation/networking mechanism, building on existing
infrastructures, to effectively address environmental issues.
The meeting participants agreed on these Recommendations (the list of participants is attached).
29 August 2002
Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Annex 10: SRZ Recommendations
(Mongolia-PRC-RF-ROK)
TumenNET SAP Supra-regional Zone Meeting
Recommendations
for Supra-regional Zone Priority Actions
_______________________________
We, representatives of Mongolia, the People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation, participating in the TumenNET
Strategic Action Program (SAP) Supra-regional Zone (SRZ) meeting, held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 1-2 July 2002,
Welcoming the initiatives that Northeast Asian countries have taken and the progress made in protecting transboundary biodiversity and
international water resources,
Further
recognizing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) as a basic document on which concrete measures should be taken to
address the root causes of environmental degradation,
Stressing the importance of protecting transboundary biodiversity and water resources in border areas and the TumenNET region and
promoting the rational use of these resources,
Considering the protection of natural environment and its restoration in the region is an important issue in sustainable economic and
social development for the benefits of the future generations,
Have made the fol owing recommendations with the TumenNET Project Coordination Unit as a witness.
The meeting participants agreed to pursue cooperation on col aborative efforts for protecting and conserving globally important
ecosystems in the following regional priorities:
Ecosystem Conservation
· conserve biodiversity resources in the region
· promote sustainable utilization of natural resources
· expand and improve the management of transboundary protected areas and encourage their nomination for globally significant sites for the
international recognition
· take specific measures to protect endangered and endemic species (e.g., Amur tiger, Far East leopard, goral, gazelle, elk)
· create new eco-corridors
· promote alternative eco-friendly livelihood options for people living in protected areas and its buffer zones
Sand and Dust Storms (Yellow Sand)
· establish/expand monitoring network (e.g., occurrence, transport and deposition)
· promote sustainable land management system particularly in pasture land in order to prevent desertification and deforestation
· establish grass and tree planting demonstration sites in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China
· build capacity among experts in the TumenNET region
· improve water resources management based on the scientific research outcomes
· strengthen joint research on the root causes and mitigation methods
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Migratory Birds & Wetlands
· continue efforts to conduct regional surveys on migratory birds
· conserve wetlands in the Tumen river estuary, inland and coastal wetlands in the Russian Federation, People's Republic of China, Mongolia,
and Korean peninsula and restore where it is necessary
· prepare regional convention and build conservation networks of wetland ecosystems and migratory birds including Crane, Duck and Geese
and Wader
Regional Environmental Information System
· maintain and update regional portal site which could provide the integrated information within the TumenNET region
· integrate the regional EIS (e.g., enhance col aboration among existing environmental information networks, such as TumenNET, NEA SOM,
EANET, ARDN, NEACEDT, etc.)
· improve information sharing among the countries (e.g., national and local policies and regulations, state of the environment and perspectives)
Regional Cooperation Mechanism
· establish Northeast Asian Environmental Cooperation Body as recommended by TumenNET TDA and the cooperation body should be
represented by the participating countries
· assist in implementation of the SAP and explore the possibilities of regional legal mechanisms
· continue existing TumenNET regional website after the completion of the TumenNET project by ROK MOE with support of participating
countries
Tumen River Basin Water Resources/Quality
· coordinate and expand (where necessary) the existing monitoring network of surface, underground and coastal waters
· strengthen capacity for water quality monitoring and assessment of Tumen River riparian countries
· enhance sewage and industrial wastewater treatment capacities in the region
· explore the possibilities of exchanging water quality data among the riparian countries
EIA on the transboundary projects
· develop regional EIA guidelines as recommended at the Ulaanbaatar Workshop (Oct. 2001) and the Beijing Workshop (Apr. 2002)
· promote harmonization and standardization of Environmental Impact Statement/Assessment for development projects in the transboundary
areas and/or the projects that may have adverse impacts on the transboundary areas
· strengthen national and local capacity to assess transboundary projects
· establish mechanisms for joint monitoring of the implementation of EIA for above mentioned projects
Green Investment Initiatives
· promote introduction of cleaner production techniques
· advocate partnership with industry and private business sector
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· promote stakeholders involvement in clean environment campaigns
· promote adoption of the best practice environmental management principles in industry
· improve a livelihood options of people living in the buffer/experimental zone area by attracting green investments
Local Government Cooperation
· establish a local government network on conservation of transboundary biodiversity and international waters in the region, building on ful
support of the existing TumenNET Governors' MOU
· incorporate transboundary biodiversity and international water conservation issues into local sustainable development strategies
· simplify existing procedures on border crossing by rangers and inspectors for environmental purposes, where appropriate
· organize regional conferences on conservation of transboundary biodiversity and international waters and other environmental issues in
order to strengthen regional communication and networking
Public Awareness Raising & Environmental Education
· promote public awareness programs at local, national and regional level including SGPs (Small Grant Program)
· improve the cooperation mechanism for development and implementation of transboundary environmental awareness projects
· enhance strategies to promote support from private sector for ensuring the continuation of SGPs in TumenNET area
· advance local public awareness campaigns on transboundary issues, specifically in buffer zone of protected areas
· strengthen the participation of local NGOs in conjunction with local governments in transboundary biodiversity conservation
· continue annual TumenNET clean up day
· enhance formal and informal environmental education and improve the educational materials for the diverse stakeholders including children
and students
· promote and sustain TumenNET green school initiatives among the participating countries through local governments and NGO's support
· design, publish and distribute transboundary newspaper/bulletin in local languages to generate the continuous public support
· promote all stakeholder groups participation in the awareness raising program
Eco-tourism
· reflect the eco-tourism development in the national policy, plan and program
· establish eco-tour networks of NGOs or relevant local organisations for capacity building in TumenNET area
· develop action program to initiate NGO eco-tour network with the participation of local/national governments and other organisations in the
region
The meeting participants agreed on this Recommendations and its due signing by each national SAP Task Force.
2 July, 2002
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Reviewed and Signed by National SAP Task Forces in Moscow, 6 July 2002
On behalf of the SAP Task Force of Mongolia
Ms. Navaan-Yunden Oyundar,
Director, International Cooperation Department,
Ministry of Nature and Environment
On behalf of the SAP Task Force of the People's Republic of China
Mr. Wu Shunze
Director, Department of Environmental Consulting,
Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning
On behalf of the SAP Task Force of the Republic of Korea
Dr. Keumhee JUNG
Director, Global Environment Office, Ministry of Environment
On behalf of the SAP Task Force of the Russian Federation
Dr. Andrei Peshkov
Director, All-Russian Institute for Nature Protection
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Annex 11: EIA Workshop Recommendations
TumenNET EIA/SEA Workshop
Beijing, 11-12 April 2002
Recommendations
The Workshop participants recognize the "Memorandum of Understanding on environmental principles governing the Tumen River Economic
Development Area and Northeast Asia, 1995" (MOU) as the key framework document for the environmentally sound and sustainable development
in the Northeast Asia. The fol owing recommendations were prepared in accord with this MOU (especial y paragraphs 1.1-1.7, 2.3).
1. Organize SEA/EIA Training Course in order to standardize the content of the regional EIS related to transborder projects to meet
minimum requirements of the affected countries (to be funded through countries cost-sharing; TRADP, including TumenNET; see MOU,
para 2.3).
2. Establish an SEA/EIA Commit ee on an ad hoc basis for consulting and negotiating the alternatives and mitigation methods, including major
stakeholders, e.g. representatives from oil and gas companies (TRADP, including TumenNET; see MOU, para 1.1-1.7 and 3.1).
3. Establish a Monitoring Commission composed of each involved (af ected) government in order to ensure that activities are implemented in
compliance with the EIA approval conditions related to transboundary environmental issues caused by the construction and operation of the
projects. The Commission should operate on a project-to-project basis, be funded from the budgets of these projects and operate for the lifetime of
these projects (TRADP, including TumenNET; see MOU, para 1.1-1.7 and 3.1).
4. To recommend to the governments to use national expertise available while preparing EIS for transboundary projects, e.g., oil and gas
exploration and pipelines (TRADP, including TumenNET).
Workshop participants suggest TRADP National Teams and key national ministries to consider possible mechanisms of funding of these
recommendations.
These recommendations were developed by EIA experts from Mongolia, People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea and the Russian
Federation.
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Annex 12: TDA Final Recommendations
RESOLUTION
of the TDA Workshop
Vladivostok, 3-4 April 2002
The participants of the TDA WS discussed the results of the TDA component implementation and concluded:
1.
To agree the regional TDA prepared by international team leaded by FEBRAS in col aboration with institutions from participating
countries of the TumenNET project.
2.
Regional TDA should be the basis for the SAP preparation.
3.
Conclusions and recommendations from Regional TDA should be taken into account and developed by SAP preparation team.
4.
To ask national governments accelerating work on country endorsement and providing comments on the Regional TDA in order to
fol ow SAP preparation timeline.
5.
To ask national authorized agencies participation of individuals involved in Regional TDA preparation in the national SAP Task Forces
in order to translate the TDA's scientific recommendations into the political language for the national and international negotiations.
6.
To include in Regional TDA publishing version all comments provided by participating countries. These comments should be submitted
as soon as possible in accordance with the SAP workplan schedule.
7.
To ask PCU starting Regional Survey of Tumen River Basin not later 15 May 2002.
8.
To ask PCU applying to GEF/UNDP/UNOPS proposals on TDA revision (extension) taking into account new regional issues and lack of
data.
9. To recommend establishing the Regional Environmental Cooperation body to monitor and fol ow up the TumenNET SAP
implementation.
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Annex 13: TumenNET Governor's MOU
Meeting of TumenNET Governors
Memorandum of Understanding
Sokcho, Republic of Korea
29 November 2001
________________________________________
The Governors of Dornod Aimag (Mongolia), Khenti Aimag (Mongolia), Sukhbaatar Aimag (Mongolia), the Governor of Gangwon Province
(Republic of Korea), and the Vice Governors of Chitinskaya Oblast (Russian Federation) and Primorski Krai (Russian Federation) have reached
agreement as fol ows, with the UNDP and the TumenNet Project Coordination Unit as witnesses:
DECLARE
(1)
Their commitment to the protection of transboundary biodiversity and international water resources in Northeast Asia and the promotion
of green investment to support that process.
(2)
Their willingness and intent, within the framework of their national sovereignty, to cooperate in establishing appropriate mechanisms for
regional cooperation on transboundary biodiversity, international water protection and green investment for the ecological y sustainable
economic development of Northeast Asia.
(3)
Their intent to establish provincial-level TumenNET Commit ees to be headed by an appropriate high level official of the
province/oblast/aimag/region. Committees should be empowered to facilitate integration of transboundary biodiversity, international
water protection and green investment issues into provincial development planning.
(4)
Also their intent to organize annual TumenNET Governors meetings to review regional environmentally sound development efforts, the
main agenda of which should be transboundary biodiversity, international water protection and green investment issues in TumenNET.
NOTE
(5)
The visible progress made to date in the development of TumenNET that has matured into an effective mechanism of regional
cooperation.
(6)
That, with the end of the project less than 12 months away, the challenge will be to maintain that high level of engagement and
expertise after the present project has come to an end in mid 2002.
WELCOME
(7)
The engagement of the Government of Japan in TumenNET activities and also the recent accession of Chitinskaya Oblast in Russia.
TumenNET is an open association of like minded partners.
(8)
Their col eagues in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, notably the peoples representatives of North Hamgyong and
Ryanggang Provinces, and extend their warm and heartfelt invitations to joint the TumenNET.
RECOMMEND
(9)
That the international donor community provide resources for the transition from formulation of the strategic action program (the current
project) towards its eventual implementation.
(10)
That these transition funds be used for enabling measures at national, local and/or regional level, to support and facilitate the
sustainable implementation of the strategic action program.
PLEDGE
(11)
To make available appropriate counterpart resources for these enabling measures, and to make every effort, within the obvious
constraints of their existing budget and policy framework, to help implement them.
Signed this 29th day of the Month of November in Sokcho, Republic of Korea
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_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr D Odbayar, Governor of Dornod Aimag
_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr Ch Erdenebaatar, Governor of Khenti Aimag
_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr T Dashsuren, Governor of Sukhbaatar Aimag
_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr Jin-Sun Kim, Governor of Gangwon Province
_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr Vjacheslav M Petukhov, Vice Governor of Chitinskaya Oblast
_________________________________________________________
HE, Mr Vladimir P Vedernikov, Vice Governor of Primorski Krai
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Annex 14: FKI Agreement
LETTER OF INTENT ON COOPERATION
The Federation of Korean Industries (FKI) hereby expresses its intent to cooperate with the TumenNET, a regional initiative to protect
transboundary biodiversity and international water resources in Northeast Asia and to promote green investment in the region.
DEFINITION
TumenNET is an initiative by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China, the
Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Development
Program (UNDP). TumenNET is a partnership program that involves government, private business, the community and the
academic & research sector.
Green investment or green business is defined broadly as a private or public sector activity that has environmental net benefits and which aims,
directly or indirectly, to protect the environment, reduce environmental risk or minimise pollution and the unsustainable use of resources. Green
investment or green business is socially responsible and involves those parts of civic society that are affected by its impact. It employs best practice
environmental management principles.
For the purposes of this agreement the term Northeast Asia shall be defined in its broadest possible sense, including, but not limited to, those parts
of Northeast Asia that are presently the focus of TumenNET activities.
ACTIVITIES
Jointly implemented activities between FKI and TumenNET will be decided in consultations with one another.
Possible joint activities for the year 2001- 2002 include :
Cooperation in seeking and developing business partnerships or sponsorships for project assessment, pre-feasibility and/or feasibility study in
DPRK and other TumenNET countries.
OTHER PROVISIONS
The Federation of Korean Industries reserves the right to review its cooperation with TumenNET after a period of 24 months
from the date of signature of this letter of intent.
Gunther MAU
Tae-Seung Chung
Chief Technical Adviser
Deputy Secretary General
TumenNET Project Coordination Unit
The Federation of Korean Industries

Signature
Signature
Date: Nov. 29. 2001
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Annex 15: MOU on Environmental Principles Governing the
Tumen River Economic Development Area and Northeast Asia
(1995)
(all TumenNET countries)
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE TUMEN RIVER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
AREA AND NORTHEAST ASIA
The Governments of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mangolia, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea and the Russian
Federation, hereinafter referred to as the "Contracting Parties" have agreed as fol ows:

OBJECTIVES
The Contracting Parties affirm that an overall goal is to attain environmentally sound and sustainable development of northeast Asia and the
Tumen River Economic Development Area in particular (hereinafter "the Region") in accordance with:
(a) the obligations undertaken by such Contracting Parties in the Agreement on the Establishment of the Consultative Commission for the
Development of the Tumen River Economic Development Area and Northeast Asia;
(b) the international consensus reached at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development;
(c) the requirements of national laws and regulations and of bilateral and multilateral environmental agreements; and
(d) the environmental requirements of the multilateral development banks of which the Contracting Parties are members.
For purposes of this Memorandum of Understanding, the Tumen River Economic Development Area shall mean that area (as delineated in
Appendix I) within the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, in each case as
modified from time to time by such Contracting Party upon consultation with and notice to the other Contracting Parties.
For purposes of this Memorandum of Understanding, Northeast Asia means the Tumen River Economic Development Area (as delineated in
Appendix I) and other territories of the Contracting Parties in which projects and programmes of mutual interest to the Contracting Parties will be
conducted.
The Contracting Parties affirm their intention to cooperate and coordinate with each other to protect and enhance the environment of the Region
and to conduct all development activities in the Region in a manner that does not damage the environment of any Contracting Party, of any other
state or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.
The Contracting Parties will implement this Memorandum of Understanding on the basis of the principles of international laws governing relations
between states, notably mutual respect of the sovereignty and independence of all states, equality, mutual benefit and good neighbourliness
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
1.1 The Contracting Parties agree to undertake national, coordinated and joint efforts to col ect, col ate, share, make compatible and analyse
pertinent environmental baseline and other data on the Region and to identify and fill in data gaps.
1.2 The Contracting Parties will conduct jointly (and periodically update) a regional environmental assessment ("EA") evaluating the local,
national, regional and global environmental implications of contemplated development plans for the Region as a whole, and will prepare jointly a
regional environmental mitigation and management plan ("EMMP") for preventing and mitigating harm to, and promoting enhancement of the
environment, based on the results of the regional EA and other relevant data.
1.3 The Contracting Parties will prepare and adopt appropriate national laws, regulations, bilateral and multilateral environmental agreements
and/or policies. Including regional, sub-regional and national institutional arrangements in case these laws, regulations, agreements or policies are
required to attain environmentally sound and sustainable development of the Region.
1.4 The regional EMMP will include appropriate measures, including but not limited to land use management planning, and a schedule for their
implementation for:
· protecting land resources, particularly wetlands, fragile coastal areas, forests and sensitive ecosystems;
· preservation of biodiversity, including threatened or endangered species and their habitats;
· establishing nature preserves, parks and conservation areas;
· protection and improvement of air and water quality;
· protection of the marine environment and marine living resources;
· sound disposal, management, treatment and movement of hazardous and solid wastes;
· contingency planning and release prevention;
· sanitation;
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· toxic substances use/transport;
· efficient generation/use of energy;
· monitoring of pollution and environmental conditions.
1.5 The Contracting Parties will conduct (or cause to be conducted) a project-specific EA and prepare (or cause to be prepared) a project-specific
EMMP with respect to any proposal for a development project in the Region with potential y significant environmental impacts. The preparation of
such project-specific EAs and EMMPs will be led by the Contracting Parties on whose territories the project is located and will include participation
by experts from other affected Contracting Parties.
1.6 The Contracting Parties further agree to coordinate and cooperate with each other to ensure that the results of the regional and project-
specific EAs are taken into account in development planning activities for the Region, and to implement the regional and project-specific EMMPs.
1.7 All EAs and EMMPs will be conducted in accordance with internationally accepted procedures and guidelines.
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF CONTRACTING PARTIES
2.1 The Contracting Parties will strive, both individually and in cooperation with each other, to meet the objectives of international environmental
agreements and norms with respect to their activities in the Region.
2.2 The Contracting Parties will coordinate with each other regarding implementation of their respective national environmental laws with respect
to their activities in the Region and will consider proposals for progressive harmonisation of such laws.
2.3 The Contracting Parties will cooperate with each other to strengthen capacity-building for sustainable development through exchanges of
scientific and technical knowledge, technology transfer, sharing of environmental management and legal and regulatory expertise and experience,
and other appropriate means.
2.4 The Contracting Parties will consult with, give access to information to, and provide opportunities for involvement by affected citizens and
interested NGOs at appropriate stages of the development and environmental planning processes for the Region.
2.5 The Contracting Parties will provide or seek necessary funding for preparation of EAs and EMMPs and to carry out their other environmental
responsibilities under this Memorandum of Understanding.

OTHER PROVISIONS
3.1 The Contracting Parties will agree upon institutional arrangements to implement this Memorandum of Understanding. Such Institutional
arrangements will be consistent with institutional arrangements specified in the Agreement on the Establishment of the Consultative Commission for
the Development of the Tumen River Economic Development Area and Northeast Asia.
3.2 This Memorandum of Understanding shall be subject to the legal procedures of each Member State's domestic law and shall enter into force
on the date of deposit of the last instrument of such procedure by a Contracting Party with the Secretary General of the United Nations.
3.3 The Contracting Parties, acting through consensus, may invite other interested governments in Northeast Asia to become Contracting Parties
under this Memorandum of Understanding.
3.4 This Memorandum of Understanding will be valid for a period of ten (10) years from the date of its entry into force and be renewed for
successive periods of ten years, unless agreed otherwise by the Contracting Parties.
3.5 Any Contracting Party may withdraw from this Memorandum of Understanding by giving a writ en notice of withdrawal to the other Contracting
Parties six (6) months in advance. At the end of such period, the withdrawal of such Contracting Party shall become effective.
This Memorandum of Understanding, done in the English language on 30 May 1995, in Beijing, will be deposited with the Secretary General of
the United Nations, who will transmit a certified copy to each Contracting Party and will register this Memorandum of Understanding with the
Secretariat of the United Nations.
For the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Signature)
For the Government of Mongolia (Signature)
For the Government of the People's Republic of China (Signature)
For the Government of the Republic of Korea (Signature)
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Contributors to the SAP Document
Although a total list of contributors would be too exhaustive to list here, each country provided key people to cooperate on formulating the content of
the SAP document. The TumenNET SAP has been informed by a number of inputs, organizations, and individuals, most notably the MOUs in this
appendix, the TDA, national action commitments, various TumenNET workshops, and so on, with the col ective guidance of National SAP Task
Forces performing domestic coordination functions. The ROK Ministry of Environment was responsible for drafting and coordinating the SAP
document.
ROK
SAP Task Force Chief: Mr Jae-Young KO, Director General for International Cooperation, Ministry of Environment
Vice-chief: Dr Keum Hee JUNG, Director, Global Environment Office, Ministry of Environment
DPRK
SAP Task Force Chief: Mr Yong U KIM, Senior Officer, National Coordination Commit ee for Environment
Mongolia
SAP Task Force Chief: Mdm Navaan-Yunden Oyundar, Department Director, Ministry of Nature and Environment
PRC
SAP Task Force Chief: Mr Yongli ZHAO, Division Chief, China International Center for Economic and Technical Exchanges, Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation
Russian Federation
SAP Task Force Chief: Dr A.S. Peshkov, Director, All-Russian Research Institute for Nature Protection
This document was prepared by the Global Environment Office, MOE:
Dr Jaeyong CHOI , Chief Planner
Mr Hee Kyong NOH, Deputy Director
Mr Stephen DANYO, Policy Coordinator/Analyst
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Document Outline

• TumenNET
• Strategic Action Programme
  • • • • Current Environmental Issues
        • Current Constraints
        • Anticipated Situation Without Intervention
    • II. THREAT ANALYSIS
      • • • • Assumptions Common to all Actions
      • VI. LIST OF ANNEXES
        • • • • • A. DPRK
                • B. PRC
                • C. Russian Federation
                • B. Russian Federation
                • A. Mongolia
                • 15. MOU on Environmental Principles Governing the Tumen River Economic Development Area and Northeast Asia (1995) (all TumenNET/TRADP countries)
• Annex 1: List of Abbreviations
  • Annex 2A: TRZ National Actions (DPRK)
    • • Priority action
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 4
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 5
  • • • • • • Oil spill prevention in Rason ports
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 6
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 7
  • • • • • Treatment of wastewater from Hoeryong Paper Mill
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority action
• Action 8
  • • • • • Treatment of wastewater from Undok Chemical Factory
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • Annex 2B: TRZ National Actions (PRC)
    • • Priority actions
• Action 1
  • • • • • • Hunchun provincial NPA biodiversity conservation project
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • • • • • GEF
• Action 3
  • • • • • Creation of an education/awareness network in the Tumen River basin
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • • • • • GEF
• Action 4
  • • • • • • • • Awareness raising and capacity building in the Changbai Mountain area
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • • • Existing major activities:
• Action 5
  • • • • • • • • Wastewater treatment in Yanji City
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
  • Estimated total cost
    • • Other sources
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
  • National sources of funds
    • • Other sources
• Action 2:
• Outcomes:
  • National sources of funds
    • • Other sources
  • All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
    • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 4
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 5
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • Annex 3B: DSZ National Actions (Russia)
    • • • • • All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
      • Priority actions
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items: pending
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 4
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 5
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 6
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
    • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 4
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 5
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
• Annex 4B: MPZ National Actions (PRC)
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 2
  • • • • • • • Capacity building project for Dalai Lake National NPA
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • • • • 292
• Action 4
  • • • • • • • • Ecological rehabilitation project of Hui He NPA
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • • • • 400
• Action 5
  • • • • • • • • Conservation extension in border areas
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • All figures are USD, rounded to the nearest thousand
    • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 1
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 2
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 3
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 4
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
    • National sources of funds
• Action 5
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 6
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 7
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 8
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Priority actions
• Action 9
• Outcomes:
• Main budget items:
  • • • Tripartite Tumen River SAP Meeting
        • Recommendations
        • _______________________________
  • 1. Exchange of know-how on monitoring techniques and information on monitoring data, standards and national pollutant inventories, according to respective national laws and regulations
• 5. Public awareness raising
  • • • • • • • • 29 August 2002
      • TumenNET SAP Supra-regional Zone Meeting
        • Recommendations
        • for Supra-regional Zone Priority Actions_______________________________
  • Ecosystem Conservation
  • Migratory Birds & Wetlands
  • Regional Environmental Information System
  • Regional Cooperation Mechanism
  • Tumen River Basin Water Resources/Quality
  • Green Investment Initiatives
  • Local Government Cooperation
    • • • • • • • 2 July, 2002
  • On behalf of the SAP Task Force of the Republic of Korea
  • On behalf of the SAP Task Force of the Russian Federation
• Recommendations
  • DECLARE
• NOTE
  • RECOMMEND
• PLEDGE
• DEFINITION
• ACTIVITIES
• OTHER PROVISIONS

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