PROJECT DOCUMENT
(Phase 1)
Strengthening the Implementation
Capacities for Nutrient Reduction
and Transboundary Cooperation in
the Danube River Basin
JUNE 2001
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Project of the Governments of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Ukraine
PROJECT DOCUMENT
Project Number: RER/01/G32/A/1G/31
Project Title:
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction
and Transboundary Cooperation in the Danube River Basin
Project Short Title:
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Estimated Start Date:
November 2001
UNDP Financing:
UNDP/GEF: US$5,000,000
Duration:
2
years
Subtotal: US$5,000,000
Implementing Agency:
UNDP
Parallel Financing:
ICPDR
US$6,600,000
Executing Agency:
UNOPS (in cooperation with ICPDR)
TOTAL: US$11,600,000
ACC/UNDP Sector
0400 Natural Resources
and Sub-sector:
0410 Water Resources Planning and Development
GEF Focal Area:
International Waters
GEF Programming Framework: GEF Operational Strategy for International Waters/
Waterbody-Based Operational Programme (#8)
Brief Description:
The long-term development objective of the proposed Regional Project is to contribute to sustainable human
development in the DRB and the wider Black Sea area through reinforcing the capacities of the participating
countries in developing effective mechanisms for regional cooperation and coordination in order to ensure
protection of international waters, sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity.
In this context, the proposed GEF Regional Project, being subdivided into two Phases, should support the
ICPDR, its structures and the participating countries in order to ensure an integrated and coherent
implementation of the Strategic Action Plan 1994 (revised SAP 1999), the ICPDR Joint Action Programme
and the related investment programmes in line with the objectives of the DRPC.
The overall objective of the Danube Regional Project is to complement the activities of the ICPDR required
to provide a regional approach and global significance to the development of national policies and legislation
and the definition of priority actions for nutrient reduction and pollution control with particular attention to
achieving sustainable transboundary ecological effects within the DRB and the Black Sea area.
The Danube Regional Project, in its Phases 1 and 2, shall facilitate implementation of the Danube River
Protection Convention in providing a framework for coordination, dissemination and replication of
successful demonstration that will be developed through investment projects (World Bank-GEF Partnership
Investment Facility for Nutrient Reduction, EBRD, EU programmes for accession countries etc.).
The specific objective of Phase 1, September 2001 August 2003, is to prepare and initiate basin-wide
capacity-building activities, which will be consolidated in the second phase of the Project. This second Phase
will be implemented from September 2003 August 2006, building up on the results archived in the first
Phase. During the first Phase, altogether 20 project components with 80 activities will be carried out and thus
establishing a solid base for the implementation of Phase 2.
On
Behalf
of:
Signature
Date
Name/Title
UNDP/GEF
UNOPS
ICPDR
The Governments of :
Signature
Date
Name/Title
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Moldova
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Ukraine
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
UN official exchange rate at date of signature: US$1 = __
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
5
Contents
A.
Project Brief................................................................................................................................. 7
I
Background Information................................................................................................ 17
II
Project Objectives ........................................................................................................... 29
III
Project Description.......................................................................................................... 31
IV
Sustainability and Participation .................................................................................... 45
V
Lessons Learned.............................................................................................................. 47
VI
Project Budget and Financing........................................................................................ 48
VII Incremental Costs............................................................................................................ 54
VIII Cost-effectiveness ............................................................................................................ 55
IX
Project Risks.................................................................................................................... 57
X
Institutional Frameworks and Implementation ........................................................... 59
B.
Prior Obligations and Legal Context....................................................................................... 63
C.
Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................................ 65
D.
Terms of Reference for Project Staff....................................................................................... 73
E.
Terms of Reference for Implementation of Project Components (Sub-contracts).............. 79
F.
Work Plan ................................................................................................................................ 105
G.
Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................................... 131
H.
Input Budget ............................................................................................................................ 133
K.
Letters of Agreement............................................................................................................... 139
J.
Annexes to the Project Brief................................................................................................... 141
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
7
A. Project
Brief
(Revision August 2001)
PROJECT BRIEF
1. IDENTIFIERS
Project Number
RER/01/G32
Project Name
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for
Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
in the Danube River Basin (Phase 1)
Duration
2 years (September 2001 August 2003)
Implementing Agency
UNDP
Executing Agency
UNOPS in cooperation with ICPDR
Requesting Countries
Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia & Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania,
Moldova, Ukraine
Eligibility
Eligible under para. 9(b) of GEF Instrument
Participating Countries
Germany and Austria
GEF Focal Area
International Waters
GEF Programming Framework
GEF Operational Strategy for International Waters /
Waterbody-Based Operational Programme (#8)
2. SUMMARY
The long-term development objective of the proposed Regional Project is to contribute to sustainable human
development in the DRB through reinforcing the capacities of the participating countries in developing effective
mechanisms for regional cooperation and coordination in order to ensure protection of international waters,
sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity.
In this context, the proposed GEF Regional Project, being subdivided into two Phases, should support the
ICPDR, its structures and the participating countries in order to ensure an integrated and coherent
implementation of the Strategic Action Plan 1994 (SAP 1994), the ICPDR Joint Action Programme and the
related investment programmes in line with the objectives of the DRPC.
The overall objective of the Danube Regional Project is to complement the activities of the ICPDR required to
provide a regional approach and global significance to the development of national policies and legislation and
the definition of priority actions for nutrient reduction and pollution control with particular attention to achieving
sustainable transboundary ecological effects within the DRB and the Black Sea area.
The Danube Regional Project, in its Phases 1 and 2, shall facilitate implementation of the Danube River
Protection Convention in providing a framework for coordination, dissemination and replication of successful
demonstration that will be developed through investment projects (World Bank-GEF Partnership Investment
Facility for Nutrient Reduction, EBRD, EU programmes for accession countries etc.).
The specific objective of Phase 1, September 2001 August 2003, is to prepare and initiate basin-wide capacity-
building activities, which will be consolidated in the second phase of the Project. This second Phase will be
implemented from September 2003 August 2006, building up on the results archived in the first Phase. During
the first Phase, altogether 20 project components with 80 activities will be carried out and thus establishing a
solid base for the implementation of Phase 2.
Taking into account the basic orientations of the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership, the following
project components can be designed to respond to the overall development objective:
(1)
Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management;
(2)
Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality
and environmental standards in the Danube River Basin;
(3)
Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and reinforcement of community
actions for pollution reduction and protection of ecosystems;
(4)
Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution, and
to reduce nutrients and harmful substances.
3. COSTS AND FINANCING (USD)
GEF
- Project
4,629,630 USD
[administrative cost]
370,370 USD
- PDF
350,000 USD
Subtotal GEF
5,350,000 USD
Co-Financing
Government / ICPDR
6,600,000 USD
Subtotal Co-financing
6,600,000 USD
Total Project Cost
11,950,000 USD
4. ASSOCIATED FINANCING
- Government
186,000,000 USD
- UNDP
1,069,000 USD
- Bilateral, EU and NGO
166,375,000 USD
Total Baseline Costs:
353,431,000 USD
5. GEF OPERATIONAL FOCAL POINT ENDORSEMENTS (ANNEX 13)
Czech
Republic
15
September,
2000
Slovakia 31
August,
2000
Hungary 30
August,
2000
Slovenia 29
August,
2000
Croatia
29
August,
2000
Bosnia & Herzegovina
1 September, 2000
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
13 September, 2000
Bulgaria
1 September, 2000
Romania 30
August,
2000
Moldova 30
August,
2000
Ukraine
7
September,
2000
ICPDR President
13 September, 2000
6. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY CONTACT
Mr. Nick Remple
RBEC Regional Support Centre
Grösslingova 35
811 09 Bratislava
Slovak Republic
Tel: + 421 2 59337 111
Fax: + 421 2 59337 450
nick.remple@undp.org
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
13
Table of Contents
I
Background Information .......................................................................................................... 17
I1 Context of the Proposed Danube Regional Project...................................................... 17
I2 The Danube River Basin................................................................................................. 19
I3 Political, Demographic and Economic Issues ............................................................... 20
I4 Accidental Pollution in the Danube and the Tisza and Siret Sub-River Basins ........ 22
I5 Institutional and Legal Mechanisms and Investment Programmes for Nutrient
Reduction in the Danube Countries .............................................................................. 22
I6 Mechanisms for Regional Cooperation for the Protection of Water and
Ecological Resources in the Danube River Basin......................................................... 27
I7 Cooperation between the ICPDR and the International Commission for the
Protection of the Black Sea (ICPBS) ............................................................................. 28
II
Project Objectives...................................................................................................................... 29
III
Project Description.................................................................................................................... 31
1. Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water
management..................................................................................................................... 31
2. Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the
improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the Danube
River Basin....................................................................................................................... 36
3. Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and
reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of
ecosystems ........................................................................................................................ 40
4. Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control
transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances.............. 42
IV
Sustainability and Participation............................................................................................... 45
V
Lessons Learned ........................................................................................................................ 47
VI
Project Budget and Financing.................................................................................................. 48
VI1 GEF Budget Contribution.............................................................................................. 48
VI2 Contributions from the ICPDR and participating countries:..................................... 50
VI3 National Capital Investments and Development Costs (2001 2006) ........................ 50
VI4 World Bank Partnership and UNDP (estimated 5 years period) ............................... 50
VI5 Investments from EU for environmental measures (accession countries) ................. 51
VI6 Assistance from bilateral sources (estimated 2 to 4 years) .......................................... 51
VI7 Assistance provided through private sector organizations (international and
Danube NGOs for a 2 to 4 years period)....................................................................... 51
VI8 Total contributions for environmental protection and nutrient reduction in
the Danube River Basin.................................................................................................. 51
VII Incremental Costs...................................................................................................................... 54
VIII Cost-effectiveness....................................................................................................................... 55
IX
Project Risks .............................................................................................................................. 57
X
Institutional Frameworks and Implementation...................................................................... 59
X1 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................ 59
X2 Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................ 60
X3 Implementation Schedule ............................................................................................... 61
Annexes
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
15
List of Abbreviations
AEPWS/EG
Accident Emergency Prevention and Warning System Expert Group
APR
Annual Project/Programme Report
AQC
Analytical Quality Control
BAT
Best Available Technology
BEP
Best Environmental Practices
BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
DBAM
Danube Basin Alarm Model
DEF
Danube Environmental Forum
DEPA
Danish Environmental Protection Agency
DANUBIS
Danube Information System
DPRP
Danube Pollution Reduction Programme
DRB
Danube River Basin
DRBM/EG
Danube River Basin Management Expert Group
DRP
Danube Regional Project
DRPC
Danube River Protection Convention
DWQM
Danube Water Quality Model
Euro
Ad-hoc ECO/EG Ad-hoc Ecology Expert Group
EMIS/EG
Emission Expert Group
EPDRB
Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GPA
Global Programme of Action
IAA Inter-Agency
Agreement
ICPDR
International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
ICPBS
International Commission for the Protection of the Black Sea
IFI
International Financing Institution
IW International
Waters
JAP
Joint Action Programme
MLIM/EG
Monitoring Laboratory and Information Management Expert Group
MONERIS
Modeling Nutrient Emission in River System
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MSP
Medium Sized Project
NGOs
Non Government Organizations
PIR
Project Implementation Review
PRP
Pollution Reduction Programme
REC
Regional Environmental Center
S/EG
Strategic Expert Group
SAP
Strategic Action Plan
SIA
Significant Impact Area
STAP
Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel
TAR
Transboundary Analysis Report
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNIDO-TEST
United Nations Industrial Development Office - Transfer of Environmentally
Sound Technology to Reduce Transboundary Pollution in the Danube River Basin
UNOPS
United Nations Office for Project Services
USAID
United State Agency for International Development
USD
United States Dollar
WPPCM
Water Pollution Prevention and Control Model
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
17
I Background
Information
I1 Context of the Proposed Danube Regional Project
In the frame of the Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin (EPDRB) international
support was provided to facilitate the development and the implementation of the Danube River
Protection Convention (DRPC). Since 1992 the European Community has supported, in particular
through its Phare and Tacis programmes and the UNDP/GEF, in particular through its Pollution
Reduction Programme (June 1997 to June 1999), the efforts of the Danube countries and of the
Interim Commission for the Protection of the Danube River to develop the necessary mechanisms for
effective implementation of the Convention. These mechanisms relate in particular to the development
of a regional Strategic Action Plan (SAP) based on national contributions, the elaboration of a
Transboundary Analysis to define causes and effects of transboundary pollution within the Danube
River Basin and on the Black Sea. In the frame of the Danube Pollution Reduction Programme, based
on the results of the Transboundary Analysis, an investment portfolio has been developed with
particular attention to nutrient reduction. All the measures, projects and programmes proposed to
reduce emissions from both point and non-point sources of pollution will improve water quality,
considering a reduction of 50 % in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) emissions and 70 % in
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) emissions and other toxic elements and thus reduce transboundary
effects within the Danube River Basin. Once implemented, these measures will further substantially
contribute to reducing nutrient transport (Phosphorus by 27 % and Nitrogen by 14 %) to the Black Sea
to improve, over time, environmental status indicators of Black Sea ecosystems of the western shelf.
Since 1992/1993, donor investments in the frame of the Environmental Programme for the Danube
River Basin (EPDRB) have been in the order of 27.2 million USD for the Phare and Tacis
Programmes (ending October 2000) and of 12.4 million USD for the UNDP/GEF assistance.
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River Basin (ICPDR) has recently
developed a first Joint Action Programme (JAP) for the years 2001 - 2005, which was adopted at the
ICPDR Plenary Session in November 2000. The JAP will deal i.a. with pollution from point and non-
point sources, wetland and floodplain restoration, priority substances, water quality standards,
prevention of accidental pollution, floods and river basin management.
In order to ensure efficient implementation of the Common Platform for Development of National
Policies and Actions for Pollution Reduction under the DRPC (Common Platform), the Pollution
Reduction Programme and the JAP and to reinforce the appropriate development and application of
policies, strategies and legislation for transboundary pollution reduction at the national level, a new
phase of GEF assistance shall complement the activities of the ICPDR and the Black Sea PIU.
The new GEF assistance is planned within the frame of the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic
Partnership (Annex 9) for the Danube and the Black Sea Basin. The DanubeBlack Sea programme is
composed of three complementary parts:
(i) a series of country-related investment projects executed through the World Bank-GEF
Partnership Investment Facility for Nutrient Reduction with GEF financial support;
(ii)
two Regional Projects for the Danube River Basin and the Black Sea respectively which
are subdivided into two Phases (September 2001- August 2003 and September 2003-
August 2006);
(iii)
other GEF and donor interventions in the basin targeting reduction of nutrients and
toxic pollutants.
The GEF regional Danube/Black Sea basin Strategic Partnership shall provide assistance to the
ICPDR and the Black Sea PIU to reinforce their activities in terms of policy/legislative reforms and
enforcement of environmental regulations (with particular attention to the reduction of nutrients and
toxic substances). The regional projects, in their respective sphere of intervention and jointly, shall
also assure a coherent and coordinated approach and global significance of policy and legislative
measures introduced at the national level of the participating countries. Further, the GEF regional
18
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
components of the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership shall facilitate project
implementation in providing a framework for dissemination and replication of successful
demonstration that will be developed through the implementation of investment projects through the
World Bank-GEF Partnership Investment Facility for Nutrient Reduction.
In this context, the proposed Danube Regional Project (DRP), with is split in two implementation
Phases, has to be seen as an integral part of the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership and a
logical continuation of the GEF support for capacity building provided for a period of five years to the
countries of the DRB.
During the 1st Phase of the Project (September 2001 August 2003) all but one of the project
components and activities will be introduced and will have a logical follow-up in the 2nd Project Phase
(September 2003 August 2006) securing efficient achieving of final results. For the reason of
continuity and utmost utilization of available expertise, the Danube Regional Project has to take into
account and build on the existing mechanisms and structures, including:
the Common Platform (revised SAP), focusing on policies and strategies for water quality
control and pollution reduction with particular attention to transboundary issues and
reduction of nutrient transport to the Black Sea; regional policies and strategies have to be
coordinated with the development of national policies and legislation and implemented
through national investment programmes;
the Transboundary Analysis Report (TAR) identifies causes and effects of pollution with
particular attention to transboundary issues and nutrient transport to the Black Sea; the
TAR defines priorities for control and management strategies at the regional and national
levels;
The Danube Pollution Reduction Programme (DPRP), is the actual investment programme
of the ICPDR. It is the operational basis for the promotion and monitoring of pollution
reduction measures in the DRB. A total of 421 projects for 5.66 billion USD, primarily
addressing hot spots have been identified for municipal, industrial and agricultural projects
which, once implemented, would decrease phosphorus and nitrogen loads to the Danube
and downstream to the Black Sea by 27 and 14 % respectively;
the ICPDR, its Permanent Secretariat and its Expert Groups are responsible for the
implementation of the DRPC with particular attention to emission control (EMIS/EG),
monitoring of water quality (MLIM/EG), warning and prevention of accidental pollution
(AEPWS/EG), river basin management and implementation of EU Water Framework
Directive (RMB/EG), ecological status (Ad-hoc ECO/EG) and strategic/administrative
issues (S/EG). The Danube Regional Project shall make use of these structures and
instruments to pursue its objectives and organize its activities;
the Joint Action Programme 2001-2005, prepared by the EMIS EG has been approved by
the ICPDR at the Plenary Session in November 2000. The projects and strategic measures
contained in the Joint Action Programme are in most cases coherent with the projects in the
Five Year Nutrient Reduction Action Plan, where the total amount of investment for point
sources reduction is 4.4 billion out of which 3.54 billion are earmarked as national
contributions.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
19
I2 The Danube River Basin
The Danube River is with a length of 2 780 km the second largest river in Europe and drains an area of
817 000 square km. This includes: all of Hungary, nearly all parts of Austria, Romania, Slovenia,
Slovakia and FR Yugoslavia, significant parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Moldova and small parts of Germany and Ukraine.
The Danube River discharges into the Black Sea through a delta, which is the second largest natural
wetland in Europe. The catchment profile along the Danube is presented in the attached figure.
The Basin, with a total of
about 817 000 km² is
characterized by an aquatic
The catchment profile along the Danube (in 1000 km2)
ecosystem with numerous
subdivided over the 13 principal Danube countries
important wetlands and
900
floodplains. It is of high
environmental as well as
800
Germany
Austria
Czech_Republic
Slovakia
Hungary
Slovenia
economic and social value. It
700
Croatia
Yugoslavia
Bosnia_Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Romania
Moldova
supports drinking water
Ukraine
600
supply, agriculture, industry,
500
fishing, tourism and recreation,
400
power generation, navigation,
etc. A large number of dams,
300
dikes, navigation locks and
200
other hydraulic structures have
100
been built throughout the
0
Source
n
e
r
region. (Annex 7 - Maps:
In
o
r
d
e
r
U
o
r
d
e
r
r
d
er
Outflow
o
rd
r
d
er
/Y
b
b
bo
-
Hb
R
O
a
t
e
s
G
O
C
A
bo
r
a
v
a
/
v
a
-
R
-B
-
R
-
SK
to
a
v
a
s
a
o
n
G
U
G
Major Hydraulic Structures in
D-
Mo A
H
Dr
Ti
Sa
YU
Ir
Y
B
the Danube River Basin).
Utilizing water resources for important economic activities and the release of waste water without
adequate treatment has resulted in changes in the hydrological systems. Problems of water quality and
quantity have been created, including significant environmental damage, with resulting impairment of
public health and quality of life.
Central and eastern European countries in particular, during the period of centralized planning system,
failed to develop adequate environmental protection policies and subsequent measures to fully respond
to water pollution and degradation of river ecosystems. The economic situation of the countries in
transition, most of which are considered as accession countries to the European Union, does not allow
them to fully respond to the needs for environmental protection and the implementation of pollution
control measures.
Appropriate water management concerns must be better integrated into municipal, industrial and
agricultural policies and legislation to assure sustainable human development and promotion of
economic activities. The Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership shall in particular assist the
countries in transition to respond to the regional and global environmental concerns with particular
attention to nutrient reduction and elimination of other toxic substances in the water bodies.
20
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
I3 Political, Demographic and Economic Issues
The present population of the Danube River Basin is about 83 million inhabitants (16 % of the
population in Europe). Nearly 57 % of this population lives in increasingly growing urban areas. The
share of the population
connected to public water The Danube Countries:
supply varies from 29% in
GDP per Capita in USD (1998)
Moldova to 98 % in Germany,
and GDP adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity
yielding an average of 74%.
The share of population
30,000
branched to public sewer
system varies from 14% in
25,000
GDP per Capita in USD
Moldova to 89% in Germany
20,000
GDP per Capita adjusted with
Purchase Power Parity
an average of 52%. Based on
15,000
the national projection figures,
the population of the Danube
10,000
River Basin can be expected to
GDP per Capita (USD)
5,000
remain at its present level by
the year 2020.
0
A
D
H
CZ
SK
HR
RO
BG
The analysis of economic
SLO
YU*
UA
BiH*
MD*
* estimation
disparities shows a clear trend
of a west east decline of the
GDP from the upstream
countries such as Germany and Austria, with about 25,000 USD per capita and year (in 1997), to the
downstream countries among which Ukraine accounts for less than 1,000 USD per capita and year.
The middle and downstream Danube countries in transition are facing serious economic and financial
problems in responding to the objectives of the Danube River Protection Convention and
implementing measures for pollution reduction and for environmental protection as required for the
accession to the European Union. This analysis also shows the need to assist the countries in transition
and makes evident the responsibilities of the international community to respond to the regional and
global concerns of environmental protection.
In general terms, the 13 DRB countries can be categorized and characterized as follows:
(i) Germany
and
Austria
These two countries are members of the European Union and are located at the upper part of the DRB.
Compared to all other DRB countries, Germany and Austria have significantly higher economic
development levels, represented by a per capita income of about 25 000 USD per annum. In terms of
pollution reduction (COD, BOD, N and P) they have achieved high standards of emission reduction
and water pollution control. From 1990 to 1999 both countries have invested important amounts for
the installation of third stages and for the upgrading of municipal waste water treatment plants.
In 1997 and 1998 (2 years) Germany invested more then 2.4 billion USD for pollution reduction
measures to respond to EU Water Directives and in particular to Nitrate Directive. Current investment
in the water sector in the German part of the Danube River Basin is at the level of about 1.5 billion
USD per year of which 1.2 billion USD is spent for communal waste water treatment facilities
(including 3rd stage for nutrient removal). From 1993 to 1999 Austria invested about 9 billion ATS
(780 million USD) per year for municipal waste water treatment including nutrient removal facilities.
Concerning the ongoing projects indicated in the Nutrient Reduction Plan, further investments of 234
million USD for Germany and 264 million USD for Austria are foreseen for the period from 2000 to
2005.
Austria and Germany together hold around 17% of territory and 21 % of the population of the Danube
watershed. In terms of water flow of the Danube to the Black Sea Austria alone contributes to more
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
21
than 20%. Based on the DWQM, Germany and Austria contribute to nutrient load reaching the Black
Sea by 26.2% of Nitrogen and 15.3% of Phosphorus. Apart from the waste water purification
programme, Austria is implementing a large programme for environmentally friendly agriculture
named ÖPUL. Essentially it is aiming at extensive agricultural practices and reduction of nutrients
load. Since 1995 this programme is running comprising around 90% of Austria´s agricultural area and
backed yearly by financial means in the order of 9 Billion ATS (650 million ). In spite of these
efforts in the agricultural sector neither country has yet met the European emission standards (EU
Nitrate Directive). However, one must bear in mind that changes in agricultural practices and land
management will due to delay in runoff - take five or more years before producing obvious effects in
terms of nutrient reduction.
(ii)
Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia
These countries are located in the central part of the DRB. They have to a great extent overcome the
former central state planning systems and have reached medium economic development levels
reflected in their annual GDP of between USD 4,000 and USD 9,000 per capita. The economic
transition process has caused significant reduction of industrial and agricultural production, thus
temporarily reducing production-related pollution loads. This has created an opportunity to establish
and integrate environmental objectives into industrial and agricultural policies and legislation in line
with EU guidelines. All these countries are interested in joining the EU as soon as possible; Hungary,
the Czech Republic and Slovenia are obviously the priority candidates. In the process of fulfilling the
basic accession criteria, these countries as well as Slovakia will receive special financial and technical
support from the European Commission (ISPA funds) to help them develop an infrastructure and meet
environmental standards. The present Regional Project shall in its two Phases assist these countries to
develop adequate policies and legislation for emission control with particular attention to nutrient
reduction.
(iii)
FR Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
These two countries, also located in the central Danube River Basin, are still in the critical phase,
struggling to overcome the aftermath of the war. In the forthcoming period, their main task will be to
re-organize their political, legal, administrative and socio-economic structures in order to comply with
the requirements of the commencing process of economic liberalization and privatization as well as of
international normalization. With annual per-capita GDP of USD 1,100 (BiH) and USD 1,500
(Yugoslavia), both countries are presently well below their pre-war levels.
(iv)
Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine
These countries are located in the lower Danube River Basin. Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine are also
Black Sea countries and contribute substantially to the degradation of the Black Sea ecosystems.
These countries are both polluters and victims of pollution to the Black Sea. All four countries face
serious economic problems and are in a difficult phase of political and social transition. Whereas
environmental concerns are of high importance, the financial means for investments are very limited.
Particularly critical is also the fact, that their legal and administrative framework is still to a certain
extent determined by the former central planning structures and therefore not yet in compliance with
the requirements of the commencing process of economic liberalization and privatization. This is
particularly true for the two former Soviet Union countries Moldova and Ukraine and to a lesser extent
for the two potential EU-Accession countries Bulgaria and Romania. The lower economic status of the
four downstream Danube River countries is clearly documented by per capita GDP between USD 900
and 1,500 per annum.
It is obvious from this broad description of the DRB countries that there is a clear distinction in terms
of political, administrative and economic capability from the wealthy countries in the upper DRB, the
mid-income countries in the central DRB, down to the poorer countries in the lower part of the DRB.
22
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
I4 Accidental Pollution in the Danube and the Tisza and Siret
Sub-River Basins
Since the DRPC entered into force, first concerns about contamination of ground and surface waters
were raised during the NATO intervention against Yugoslavia from March to June 1999. The bombing
and destruction of petrochemical plants and refineries led to contamination of channels and tributaries
emptying into the Danube River. Sampling and analysis have shown high levels of contamination with
heavy metals, in particular mercury, oil and petroleum products, volatile organic substances, PCBs,
PAHs, etc. However, one must bear in mind that the accumulation of toxic substances is not the effect
of the recent bombing of industrial installations only but also the result of years of inefficient
treatment and careless handling of wastes from industrial and mining activities.
In the beginning of the year 2000 two accidents occurred with disastrous environmental effects in the
upper Tisza Sub-River Basin where mining activities are carried out. Waste water containing cyanide
and heavy metals was accidentally discharged into receiving waters. Ecosystems where affected and
large fish kills of several hundred tons were reported. Drinking water supply for urban centers at the
riverbanks and fishing activities had to be suspended. Important economic losses were reported in
tourism and fisheries. The effects of the cyanide wave were reported over a stretch of 900 to 1000 km
from the Tisza River to the Danube and dangerous cyanide concentrations were still measured even
downstream of the Iron Gate dam.
In January 2001 a new pollution accident was reported from the upper Siret Sub-River Basin where
waste water containing cyanide was leaking from a chemical factory. This accident caused tons of
killed fish and transboundary pollution and dozens of people, in particular children, got hospitalized
from eating contaminated fish.
There are actually serious concerns over the possible accumulation of toxic substances in the
sediments and biota of the Iron Gate reservoirs. Preventive management programmes have to be
developed and implemented in order to gradually clean up the sediments and assure the rehabilitation
of ecosystems in the central and lower part of the Danube River basin.
I5 Institutional and Legal Mechanisms and Investment Programmes for
Nutrient Reduction in the Danube Countries
In the frame of the present project preparation (PDF-Block B activities), specific subjects concerning
the institutional, legal and policy frame as well as national investment programmes for nutrient
reduction have been studied and analysed.
(i)
Inter ministerial coordination mechanisms
In the frame of the PDF-Block B activities, inter-ministerial mechanism at the national level and
concepts of cooperation for pollution reduction, in particular nutrient reduction, have been analyzed.
The diversity of views and proposals for the implementation of EU Directives in the frame of the
accession process create an encouraging environment for the countries to create new inter-ministerial
mechanism or improve the existing structures with nutrient reduction and control responsibilities.
Based on the finding of the national contributions, the Danube countries can be classified in three
groups.
The first group is made up of EU member countries, Germany and Austria, in which the existing
national inter-ministerial structures allow an effective performance of nutrient reduction and control
tasks. In Germany, the inter-ministerial cooperation takes place on both federal and state levels,
covering legislative procedures, implementation of EU-directives, and development of minimum
requirements for point sources for municipalities as well as for industrial branches. In Austria, the
recently restructured Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management provides
the necessary structure to adequately implement nutrient control and reduction measures.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
23
The second group, made up of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria includes
countries where specific mechanisms or inter-ministerial structures for nutrient reduction do not yet
exist. However, there are several relevant national inter-ministerial bodies with responsibilities for
water pollution abatement and environmental protection. Most of these structures also deal with
diffuse sources of pollution, the implementation of pollution reduction measures or approval of new
investments in the water sector.
Finally, in the remaining Danube countries, the nutrient reduction and control issues do not yet
represent a high priority for the policy makers.
All countries have developed proposals for the improvement/creation of inter-ministerial mechanisms
capable of responding to nutrient reduction concerns. These proposals refer to both legal and
institutional frameworks and include:
(i)
the implementation of nutrient-related legislation based on EU Directives and ratified
International Conventions,
(ii)
the development of instruments for diffuse pollution characterization and control,
(iii)
the elaboration of rules for good farming practices and good practices in drinking water
protection zones,
(iv)
the application of an integrated approach to the management of water resources on the
river basin level.
The Danube countries believe that cooperation between governments, local communities and Non-
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in relation to the nutrient reduction is very important. Nutrient
reduction issues are included directly or indirectly in the mandate and the responsibilities of the local
authorities, farm enterprises, industrial plants and environmental NGOs. In the frame of river basin
organizations the majority of the countries sets good examples of cooperation between the
government, inter-ministerial bodies, local communities and NGOs.
The activities of the PDF-Block B investigation have raised awareness and provided important
legitimacy to the concept of inter-ministerial mechanism for nutrient reduction and helped move it into
the mainstream of policy debate for its implementation. The forthcoming Danube Regional Project
with its two Phases will reinforce national initiatives and contribute towards the setting up of adequate
nutrient reduction mechanisms at the national and regional levels.
(ii)
Policies and legislation relating to nutrient control and reduction
After a critical period of transition, all DRB countries have in the meantime developed a
comprehensive hierarchic system of short, medium and long-term environmental policy objectives,
strategies and principles which usually reflect the key country-specific environmental problems and
the sector priorities on national and regional levels.
Despite the diversity of problems, interests and priorities across the DRB, the Danube countries share
certain values and principles relating to the environment, conservation of natural resources and
nutrient control and reduction. The most essential and commonly accepted principles are:
· the precautionary principle;
· best available technology (BAT) - best environmental practice (BEP);
· control of pollution at the source;
· the "polluter pays" principle and the related "user pays" principle;
· the principle of integrated approach (e.g. River Basin Management approach);
· the principle of shared responsibilities, respectively the principle of subsidiarity;
· the implementation of EU Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by certain
dangerous substances.
None of the DRB countries currently has an explicitly formulated nutrient reduction programme.
Measures and activities with relevance to nutrient reduction are usually sub-components of or are
substantially incorporated in other programmes.
While Germany and Austria have legislation in compliance with "highest environmental standards" on
nutrients (e.g. EU Nitrate Directive), they have not yet fully implemented / enforced these legislation.
24
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The adequacy of the legal framework for sound environmental management of water resources of the
other countries has to be viewed against the political, economic, administrative and social changes that
have taken place in the particular DRB countries during the previous years of transition.
Thus, the relevant legislation is in most DRB countries currently undergoing substantial reform and
modernization. Given the complexity of the task, the reform can be expected to take several years
before the relevant legislation has reached an acceptable level of compliance with the international
requirements.
Except for the two EC member states, Germany and Austria, all other DRB countries consider the
harmonization of national environment and water-related legislation with EU legislation as the most
essential prerequisite for long-term sustainable nutrient control and reduction in their countries. In the
Czech Republic, Hungary and Bulgaria, this harmonization is incorporated in an ongoing programme
and considered as a short-term task.
In Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, the harmonization of relevant national laws with EU legislation or
standards is expected to be achieved in the short, respectively medium term. For the final
implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, an adjustment period of
approximately 10 to 20 years is considered to be necessary.
In other countries - Moldova, Ukraine and the war-impacted countries Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina
and Yugoslavia - the status of the water sector legislation is still unsatisfactory.
From the point of view of nutrients, the most essential issue is the substantial transposition of:
· the new Council Directive 2000/60 of 22 December 2000 concerning water policy which aims
at a good status for all surface and groundwater within (often transboundary) river basin
districts (RBD). By December 2015, river basin management plans must be prepared for each
RBD; already by December 2012, all polluting discharges must be controlled under a combined
approach of best available techniques and emission limit values, as well as by best
environmental practice for diffuse pollution;
· the Council Directive 91/271/EEC of May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment;
· the Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters
against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources.
Regarding the particular issue of control, respectively the out-phasing of phosphate-containing
detergents, the current situation in the particular DRB countries indicates that there is a substantial
potential for phosphorus reduction in most DRB countries, which should be followed up on.
(iii)
Nutrient reduction programmes 2000 2005 and related investments
Within the frame of further development of Five Nutrient Reduction Action Plan, both
structural/investment and legal/policy reforms projects that address nutrient reduction will be
introduced.
(a)
Point Source Projects and anticipated nutrient reduction
Within the elaboration of the PDF-B project all 13 DRB countries have provided a draft national lists
of priority projects that are supposed to be ready for implementation in the coming 5-year period and
can be considered as a reasonable basis for the elaboration of comprehensive Nutrient Reduction
Action Plans as part of the ICPDR Joint Action Programme.
According to the available data, the total investment required for the 245 priority point source projects
for all 13 DRB countries amounts to about 4,404 million .
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
25
The structure of the identified investment requirements by sector is as follows (2001 2005):
Municipal
Industrial
Agricultural
Wetlands
Total
No of Projects
157
44
21
23
245
Million
3,702
267
113
323
4,404
(%)-Structure
84% 6% 3% 7% 100
The structure of the identified investment requirements by countries is as follows:
GER A CZ SK HUN SLO CRO B&H YUG BUL RO MOL UA TOT
No
of
Proj. 11 4 12 20 24 24 11 12 40 21 25 31 10 245
Mill.
231 264 147 118 687 384 433 176 785 125 493 493 67 4,404
(%)
5 6 3 3 16 9 10 4 18 3 11 11 1 100
The anticipated composition of the funding of the identified priority projects across the DRB countries
is as follows:
Funding component
Million
(%) Structure
National funding contribution
1,716
39 (%)
International loans:
1,163
26 (%)
International grants:
663
15 (%)
Not secured funding components:
862
20 (%)
Total: 4,404
100
(%)
According to the available data provided by the national reports, total pollution reduction as a result of
the implementation of the proposed priority point source projects including waste water from urban
areas, which are not connected to WWTP, is anticipated to be in the following ranges:
Municipal
Industrial
Agricultural
Wetlands
Total
No of Projects
157
44
21
23
245
N (t/y)
33 300
3 400
6 700
15 100
58 500
P (t/y)
5 500
3 700
1 100
1 800
12 100
BOD (t/y)
221 000
39 700
9 500
5 900
276 100
COD (t/y)
398 900
78 700
15 000
32 400
525 000
(b)
Nutrient reduction from agricultural non point sources of pollution
Based on the available data, the assessment of the anticipated nutrients reduction from agricultural non
point sources of pollution shows values ranging between 10 and 25 % for nitrogen and between 3 and
25 % for phosphorus.
To ensure significant nutrient loads reduction from diffuse sources of pollution, the Danube countries
have identified measures that primarily address:
(i)
policy and legislation-related actions: the improvement of national policies and legislation
regarding the utilization of fertilizers and livestock waste and approximation of national
legislation to relevant EU legislation and standards;
(ii)
institutional strengthening and capacity building: the elaboration and enforcement of
guidance on the application of the agro-environmental schemes and best environmental
practice;
(iii)
raising public awareness and strengthening public participation in nutrient reduction
initiatives: the development of pilot projects for the implementation of alternative
methods.
26
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The estimates of the nitrogen and phosphorus reduction for point sources and non point sources
as presented in the national contributions are summarized below:
Country Nutrient
loads Anticipated national emission
Expected
(DWQM 1994/98)
reductions
national load
reduction
Point Sources
Non Point Sources*
N (t/y)
P (t/y)
N (%)
P (%)
N (%)
P (%)
N (t/y) P (t/y)
Germany 68,000
3,700
6.0
2.0
10.0
3.0
10,891
185
Austria 77,000
3,800
5.1
10.6
10.0
3.0
11,650
518
Czech Republic
15,000
1,100
7.3
5.6
10.0
3.0
2,591
95
Slovakia 30,000
1,700
8.6
8.6
15.0
10.0
7,074
318
Hungary 31,000
3,800
21.6
40.1
15.0
10.0
11,358
1,902
Slovenia 20,000
1,300
26.2
62.6
15.0
10.0
8,233
944
Croatia 23,000
2,200
6.6
10.9
15.0
10.0
4,959
459
Bosnia-Herzegovina 36,000 2,200 13.1 38.8 10.0 10.0 8,300
1,073
Yugoslavia 72,000
7,000
9.4
69.5
10.0
10.0
13,993
5,563
Bulgaria 23,000
4,000
11.7
15.0
10.0
10.0
4,983
999
Romania 121,000
12,700
9.8
12.5
10.0
10.0
23,960
2,861
Moldova 8,000
1,400
86.3
64.6
5.0
5.0
7,298
975
Ukraine 28,000
4,000
1.7
1.6
10.0
5.0
3,286
265
Total
552,000
48,900
10.3
23.8
10.9
8.2
118,576 16,156
* Percentage for expected reduction of nutrient emissions from non-point sources for groups of countries has
been estimated, based on available information and data for expected emission reduction following the
implementation of new policies and legislation in line with EU Directives.
The results in the table indicate that with the implementation of structural (projects) and non-structural
measures (policies and legislation), the total annual nutrient reduction will be about 119,000 tons for
nitrogen (22%) and 16,000 tons for phosphorus (33%). It can be further assumed that about half of the
nitrogen reduction will come from the rehabilitation of point sources (waste water treatment) and the
other part from nutrient reduction from diffuse sources, in particular from change of agricultural
practices.
The GEF Regional Project with its two Phases will provide the necessary support to the ICPDR and
the participating countries to realize these goals and to contribute essentially to achieving the goal of
holding the Nitrogen and Phosphorus loads to the Black Sea at the 1997 level respectively further
reducing them to meet the objectives of the Memorandum of Understanding between the ICPDR and
ICPBS.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
27
I6 Mechanisms for Regional Cooperation for the Protection of Water
and Ecological Resources in the Danube River Basin
(i)
The Danube River Protection Convention
The Danube River Protection Convention is a legally binding instrument, which provides a substantial
framework and a legal basis for cooperation between the contracting parties, including enforcement.
The main objective is the protection and sustainable use of ground and surface waters and ecological
resources, directed at basin-wide and sub-basin-wide cooperation with transboundary relevance. Joint
activities and actions are focused on coordination and enhancement of policies and strategies, while
the implementation of measures lies mainly with the executive tools at the national level. The
Strategic Action Plan provides guidance concerning policies and strategies in developing and
supporting the implementation measures for pollution reduction and sustainable management of water
resources enhancing the enforcement of the Danube River Protection Convention.
Eleven of the 13 DRB countries eligible to join the Convention have signed with the European
Commission the Danube River Protection Convention (DRPC), which came into force in
October 1998, and most have ratified it.
(ii)
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)
Recognizing individually and responding in common to the obligations of the DRPC, the Danube
countries have established the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River to
strengthen regional
cooperation. It is the Organizational Structure under the Danube River Protection Convention
institutional frame not
only for pollution
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES
control and the
protection of water
Permanent Secretariat (PS)
· Supporting ICPDR sessions
bodies but it also sets a
International Commission for the
· Supporting Expert Groups, PMT F
common platform for
Protection of the Danube River -
· Coordinating Work Programme
Programme Management Task Force
ICPDR
· Supporting project development and
sustainable use of
(PMTF)
· Implementation of the Danube River
implementation
· Coordination and Implementation of
Protection Convention
· Maintenance o f Information System
ecological resources donor supported activities
· Decision making, management and
· Development of financing mechanisms
coordination of regional cooperation
and coherent and for project execution
GEF/ Danube Regional Project
· Approval of annual work program
·Creation of sustainable ecological conditions
and budget
integrated river basin
for land use and water management
· Follow up of activities and evaluation
·Capacity building and reinforcement of
management. The
of results from Expert Groups
transboundary cooperation
·Strengthening of public involvement in
Commission has
_______ existing structure
environmental decision making
........... planned structure
·Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and
created several Expert
information systems
Groups to strengthen
Emission Issues
Monitoring, Laboratory &
Accidental Emergency
Strategic Expert
Expert Group
Ad hoc Ecological
the proactive
(EMIS/EG)
Information Management
Prevention and Warning
Group (S / EG)
on WFD and RBM
Expert Group
(MLIM/EG)
System (AEPWS / EG)
(WFD/RBM)
(ECO/EG)
participation of all ·Point sources
· Trans National Monitoring
· Accidental pollution
· Strategic issues
· Implementation of
· Implementation of ecol.
· Diffuse sources
Network
incidents
· Legal issues
Water Framework
issues of EC WFD
Contracting Parties and
· Joint action programmes
· Laboratory quality
· AEWS operations
· Administrative and
Directive
· evaluation of riverine
· Basic information and
assurance
· Accident prevention
financial issues
· River Basin
ecology and habitats
guidelines
· Respective information
Management
· Determine need to
associated countries in
management
prepare `eco` annex to
the DRPC
the design and
implementation of joint measures for pollution reduction, including nutrients, and water management.
28
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
I7 Cooperation between the ICPDR and the International Commission
for the Protection of the Black Sea (ICPBS)
(i)
Findings of the Joint Ad-hoc Technical Working Group of the ICPDR and the ICPBS
In 1998, the ICPDR and the ICPBS established a joint Working Group, which analyzed the causes and
the effects of eutrophication in the Black Sea. In its findings, the Working Group indicated that the
loads entering the Black Sea from the Danube had fallen in recent years due to the collapse of the
economy of many transition countries formerly attached to the Soviet Block, the measures undertaken
to reduce nutrient discharges in the upper Danube countries, in particular Germany and Austria, and a
decline in the use of phosphate in detergent.
The Working Group concluded that in spite of the evidence of recovery in the Black Sea ecosystems,
there were still concerns that the nutrient discharges to the Black Sea in line with the expected
economic growth were likely to rise again unless action was taken to implement nutrient discharge
control measures as part of economic development strategies. The Working Group went on to define
the possible objectives and strategies, which are presently included in the Memorandum of
Understanding between the ICPDR and the ICPBS, as follows:
the long-term goal is defined as a recovery of the Black Sea ecosystems to conditions
similar to those in 1960;
as a mid-term goal, measures should be taken to prevent discharges of nutrients and
hazardous substances from exceeding the levels of 1997;
inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances should be assessed, monitoring and sampling
procedures should be determined, and the results should be reported.
(ii)
Analysis of Point Sources and Non-Point Sources of Pollution with Particular Attention
to Nutrient Transport to the Black Sea
In the frame of the Pollution Reduction Programme, over 500 hot spots were identified for the
municipal, industrial and agricultural sectors. The geographical distribution of hot spots in the Danube
River Basin indicates a clear concentration of municipal and agricultural hot spots in the upper Drava
and Sava Sub-river Basins, in the Lower Tisza and around Belgrade and in the central part of Bosnia-
Herzegovina. In the Carpathian Mountains of the upper Tisza and Prut Sub-river Basins, important
mining and industrial hot spots have been identified, from which recent accidents - the cyanide spill of
Baia Mare and the sludge containing heavy metals from Baia Borsa - have been reported. (Annex 7
Maps: Distribution of Hot Spots in the Danube Sub-River Basins).
Applying the Danube Water Quality Model (DWQM), the total nutrient transport from point and non-
point sources, to the Black Sea
was analyzed, indicating a total
Annual Nitrogen Load in the Danube (in kt/y), by countries
of 552 kilotons of nitrogen and
of origin, with a high estimate for the in stream
48.9 kilotons of phosphorus
denitrification (= removal rate)
reaching annually the Black
nitrogen (kt/a)
600
Sea. Studies undertaken in the
28 (5.1%)
frame of the Danube
8 (1.5%)
500
GERMANY
AUSTRIA
CZECH_RE
SLOVAKIA
HUNGARY
SLOVENIA
CROATIA
YUGOSLAV
Environmental Programme
121 (22%)
BOSNIA_H
BULGARIA
ROMANIA
MOLDOVA
400
UKRAINE
suggest that about half of the
23 (4.1%)
36 (6.5%)
nutrient discharged internally
300
72 (13.1%)
in the basin come from
23 (4.1%)
20 (3.5%)
200
31 (5.6%)
agriculture (diffuse sources of
30 (5.4%)
15 (2.8%)
pollution), slightly more than
77 (13.9%)
100
one quarter from domestic
68 (12.3%)
sources, an additional larger
0
r
a
a
r
r
r
ce
n
In
e
sa
e
e
e
rd
d
er
/
YU
av
Ti
av
tes
o
w
S
rd
rd
rd
f
l
s
our
bo
bor
Dr
bo
bo
bo
A
H
out
-
o
CR
O
O
D-
t
R
Ir
o
n
Ga
share comes from industry and
SK
H
-BG
-
R
total
552 (100%)
/A-
YU-
YU
BG
a
r
av
o
M
the remainder from
"background" sources.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
29
II Project
Objectives
The long-term development objective of the proposed Regional Project is to contribute to sustainable
human development in the DRB through reinforcing the capacities of the participating countries in
developing effective mechanisms for regional cooperation and coordination in order to ensure
protection of international waters, sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversity.
In this context, the proposed GEF Regional Project should support the ICPDR, its structures and the
participating countries in order to ensure an integrated and coherent implementation of the Strategic
Action Plan 1994 (SAP 1994), the Common Platform and the forthcoming JAP and the related
investment programmes in line with the objectives of the DRPC.
The overall objective of the Danube Regional Project is to complement the activities of the
ICPDR required to provide a regional approach and global significance to the development of
national policies and legislation and the definition of priority actions for nutrient reduction and
pollution control with particular attention to achieving sustainable transboundary ecological
effects within the DRB and the Black Sea area.
The specific objective of Phase 1, September 2001 August 2003, is to prepare and initiate basin-
wide capacity-building activities, which will be consolidated in the second phase of the Project. This
second Phase will be implemented from September 2003 August 2006, building up on the results
archived in the first Phase. During the first Phase, altogether 20 project components with 80
activities will be carried out and thus establishing a solid base for the implementation of Phase 2 of
the GEF support to the ICPDR.
Further, the Danube Regional Project, in its Phases 1 and 2, shall facilitate implementation of the
Danube River Protection Convention in providing a framework for coordination, dissemination and
replication of successful demonstration that will be developed through investment projects (World
Bank-GEF Partnership Investment Facility for Nutrient Reduction, EBRD, EU programmes for
accession countries etc.).
Taking into account the basic orientations of the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership, the
following immediate objectives can be designed to respond to the overall development objective:
(1)
OBJECTIVE : Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water
management
Output : Concepts for nutrient reduction policies and legal instruments and measures for
compliance are developed for all Danube River Basin countries with particular attention to the
EU Water Framework Directive, integrated river basin management, best agricultural practices,
appropriate land use and wetlands management and economic instruments.
Approach : Supporting the ICPDR and the DRB countries in developing of appropriate policies
and legal instruments for river basin management, appropriate land use, improved water
management and water quality control with particular attention to toxic substances and nutrient
reduction (e.g. agricultural, industrial, and municipal policy and legislative reforms, wetlands
management) and in developing mechanisms for exacting compliance with policies and
legislation.
Assuring policy coherence to the guidelines of the Global Programme of Action on Control of
Land Based Sources of Pollution, with particular emphasis on the strategic goals regarding
mitigation of transboundary effects and rehabilitation of the Black Sea.
30
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
(2)
OBJECTIVE : Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the
improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output : Institutional and organizational mechanisms for transboundary cooperation in pollution
control and nutrient reduction are put in place and concepts for improved water quality
monitoring, emission control, emergency warning and accidental prevention are developed.
Approach : Conceptualizing and putting in place "Inter-ministerial Committees" at the national
level, involving all technical, administrative and financial departments to assure adequate
coordination and implementation of policies, legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and
pollution control. Supporting the ICPDR and its Expert Groups to improve their institutional,
administrative and technical capacities to assure basin wide harmonization of water quality
regulatory standards including specific provisions for nutrient reduction; to further develop
specific regional information system and mechanisms for transboundary pollution monitoring
and evaluation considering EU regulations (WFD) and GEF IW M&E indicators (process, stress
reduction, environmental status).
Organizing workshops and training courses on institutional, administrative, technological and
economic issues for individuals and participants from ministries, public authorities and private
institutions with responsibilities related to the use, control and impacts of nutrients in the DRB,
respectively their effects on the Black Sea.
(3)
OBJECTIVE : Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making
and reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of
ecosystems
Output : The DEF Secretariat is fully operational and supports national NGOs. Community
based projects for nutrient reduction (Small Grants Programme) and awareness campaigns are
prepared and information material is regularly published. Consequently public concern and
response to ecological issues has increased.
Approach : Supporting NGOs in professional, institutional, administrative and funding issues to
boost their capacities for active participation in transboundary pollution control with particular
attention to nutrients and certain toxic substances. In this context, NGO activities and public
awareness shall be reinforced through the setting up of a Small Grants Programme providing
financial support for community based nutrient reduction projects. Concepts for special
campaigns for awareness raising and information of the public shall be developed and
cooperation with mass media shall be reinforced.
(4)
OBJECTIVE : Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to
control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
Output : A Danube Basin wide system for monitoring and evaluation of environmental impacts
is prepared and indicators are identified for process, stress reduction and environmental status in
line with EU and international reporting requirements. Economic instruments for nutrient
reduction (nutrient trading possibilities) are analysed and findings are published.
Approach : Supporting the development and upgrading of monitoring and information systems,
which are of significant importance for transboundary cooperation in water quality and water
management and of common interest for the Danube and the Black Sea countries. Particular
attention will be given to the development of indicators (process, stress reduction and
environmental status indicators) to monitor progress of project implementation. For this purpose
special methodologies will be developed for assessment nutrient removal capacities of wetlands.
Also economic mechanisms will be analysed to encourage investments in nutrient reduction
measures.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
31
III Project
Description
The compilation of immediate objectives indicates the broad spectrum of 20 project components and
80 activities to be dealt with in the framework of the proposed Phase 1 of the Danube Regional Project
in order to fulfill its role as an integral part of the proposed Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic
Partnership.
In line with the immediate objectives, the particular 20 project components of the proposed Phase 1 of
the Danube Regional Project can be grouped as follows:
1. Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management;
2. Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement
of water quality and environmental standards in the Danube River Basin;
3. Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and
reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of ecosystems;
4. Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control
transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances.
The detailed description of expected outputs and activities for each objective is given in the Project
Management Sheets, Part E of the Project Document, indicating implementation steps and specific
outputs in Phase 1 and consequently in Phase 2 of project implementation.
1.
Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water
management
In most central and downstream DRB countries, the development of water-related policies and legal
instruments are still in the phase of preparation and it is obvious that there are significant deficiencies
in the existing policy framework. Most of these countries are in the EU accession process and have to
adjust their legal frame to meet the EU directives and regulations and assure compliance. For issues
that are of common interest for the DRB countries and of special importance for water quality and
water resource management, particularly related to nutrients, eight project components have been
identified to be carried out in the frame of the present Regional Project.
1.1
Development of policy guidelines for river basin and water resources management
Considering the DRPC´s mandate to assure sustainable water management in the DRB and taking into
account the central role of the river basin management in implementing the new EU Water Framework
Directive, there is a substantial need to facilitate the development of river basin management plans in
the Danube River Basin and in its sub-basin areas. These river basin management plans will have to
deal with nutrient reduction from point- and non-point sources.
To assure efficient implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and a coherent approach to
River Basin Management, the ICPDR has set up a specialized Expert Group to develop guidelines for
the elaboration of the River Basin Management Plans, their implementation and the development of
institutional and legal mechanisms. Two workshops have been organized in the frame of the EC Phare
assistance programme and case study material had been prepared. These elements will be integrated in
the proposed activities of the GEF-DRP. During the Phase 1 of the Danube Project concepts and
analytical material will be prepared, which later during Phase 2 of the Project will be implemented in
form of national contributions, pilot projects and workshops on river basin management and
implementation of the EU WFD.
The activities of the EG shall be supported by international expertise in order to develop standardized
methodologies and guidelines for sub-river basin management plans and a methodology for the
aggregation of the sub-river basin management plans to a basin wide management concept. This
should take into consideration EU-WFD and GEF IW strategies to develop guidelines for particular
sub-river basins to reinforce transboundary cooperation.
32
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The main activities to be supported and carried out in Phase 1 in cooperation with the RBM Expert
Group can be summarized as follows:
1.1.1 Identifying River Basin District (RBD), in particular the assignment of coastal waters and
groundwater bodies;
1.1.2 Developing common approaches and methodologies for pressure and impact analysis;
1.1.3 Implementing the common approaches and methodologies for pressure and impact analysis at
the national level (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.1.4 Applying the EU Guidelines for economic analysis and arrive at the overall economic analysis
for the Danube River Basin (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.1.5 Developing RBM tools (mapping, GIS, remote sensing, etc.) and related data management,
including the arriving at the typology of surface waters and the relevant reference conditions
(will be completed in Phase 2);
1.1.6 Identifying pilot river basins and apply common approaches, methodologies, standards and
guidelines, in observing also the link to the Working Groups of the European Commission
(will be completed in Phase 2);
1.1.7 Develop concepts and programmes for workshops and training courses in order to produce the
River Basin Management Plan and to strengthen basin-wide cooperation (will be completed in
Phase 2).
1.2
Reduction of nutrients and other harmful substances from agricultural point and non-
point sources through agricultural policy changes
As indicated in chapter I7 it is assumed that about half of nutrients discharged internally in the
Danube Basin to the fine web of the river network come from agriculture. The project will support a
series of measures to operationalize actions for pollution reduction from point and non-point source. In
the Phase 1 of the Project, a first analysis should be based on a revised and prioritized "hot spot"
inventory of point and non-point sources of pollution and take into account the findings and
recommendations of the field-based demonstration programmes conducted in Eastern European
countries with the support of the European Union and GEF. The project will update the information on
the use of agrochemicals and identify specific policy and legal measures to assist the participating
countries in meeting their obligations to reduce agricultural point and non-point source pollution. For
EU accession countries, specific programmes will be developed that will assist them in meeting their
obligations under the EU Environment and Water Framework Directives, as well as the requirements
of the important Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC). In Phase 2 of the Project policy and legal
recommendations will be worked out for DRB governments to reinforce the introduction of "best
agricultural practice" and to optimize the use of agrochemicals
The main focus of this assistance is to identify for each DRB country the main administrative,
institutional and funding deficiencies and to develop priority reform measures for policies which are
expected to best support the integration of environmental concerns into farm management ("best
agricultural practices"), including improvements in the handling of manure and sludge from livestock
operations, minimization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promotion of improved tillage
methods, management of restored wetlands and buffer zones as well as farmer education and outreach
activities.
For this purpose, the following actions should be considered in Phase 1:
1.2.1 Up-dating the basin-wide inventory on priority agricultural point and non-point sources of
pollution "hot spots" in line with EMIS emission inventory;
1.2.2 Reviewing the relevant legislation, existing policy programmes and actual state of
enforcement in the DRB with respect to promotion and application of best agricultural
practices (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.2.3 Reviewing the inventory on important agrochemicals (nutrients etc.) in terms of quantities of
utilization, their misuse in application, their environmental impacts and potential for reduction
(will be completed in Phase 2);
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
33
1.2.4 Identifying the main institutional, administrative and funding deficiencies (including
complementary measures) to reduce pollutants;
1.2.5 Introducing or, where existing, further developing concepts for the application of best
agricultural practices in all DRB countries, by taking into account country-specific traditional,
social and economic issues, and the ECE recommendations (will be completed in Phase 2).
1.3
Development of pilot projects on reduction of nutrients and other harmful substances
from agricultural point and non-point sources
This pilot project component has to be considered as complementary to the above-described policy
component, which also includes the updating of the list of point and non-point sources of pollution
with particular attention to priority agricultural "hot spots". It is particularly focusing on adequate
handling of manure and on the practical introduction of organic farming methods. Agricultural point
sources (e.g. large pig farms), including inappropriate handling of manure, are estimated to supply
2.5% and 6.8 %, respectively, of the nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the Danube River Basin.
The initial project review of existing national programmes promoting best agricultural practice should
be based on and take into account the findings and recommendations of the field-based demonstration
programmes conducted in Eastern European countries with the support of the European Union and
GEF.
Specific needs to improve agricultural practices and relevant sites for demonstration activities on
manure handling and should be identified in practical concepts for each DRB country. Focus countries
for pilot projects (training and institutional development of best agricultural practice) should be
Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. The implementation of
the prioritized pilot projects will be carried out in Phase 2.
The following steps should lead to an efficient implementation of this project component in Phase 1:
1.3.1 Analyzing existing programmes and pilot projects promoting best agricultural practice
(especially regarding animal farming and manure handling, as well as organic farming) in
DRB countries, and assess nutrient reduction capacities;
1.3.2 Developing practical concepts for the introduction respectively promotion of appropriate
agricultural practices and manure handling in the central and downstream DRB countries by
taking into account national demand and international markets and ECE recommendations;
1.3.3 Preparing and implementing for the central and lower DRB countries typical pilot projects
(especially in UA, MD, RO, BG, YU and B-H) to train and support farmers in the application
of best agricultural practice (will be completed in Phase 2).
1.4
Policy development for wetlands rehabilitation under the aspect of appropriate land use
In the case of conflicting land use, priorities were in the past usually set on extension and
intensification of human settlement and economic activities, with the consequence that ecologically
sensitive areas/wetlands were steadily impacted in their function or completely disappeared.
The present project component shall address questions in relation to typical situations of inappropriate
land use resulting from municipal settlement, agricultural activities, hydraulic structures and their
impact on ecologically sensitive areas and wetlands and effects of transboundary pollution with
particular attention to nutrients and toxic substances. Standardized concepts shall be developed for the
rehabilitation of selected sensitive areas/wetlands and for an integrated land use especially around
these wetlands. In Phase 2 of the Project, these concepts shall be implemented and required policy,
legal and institutional reforms shall be applied for integrated land use as models for the DRB.
34
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The main tasks of the proposed activity in Phase 1 can be summarized as follows:
1.4.1 Define methodology for integrated land use assessment around wetlands (called "wetland
areas");
1.4.2 Carry out case studies for selected wetland areas and assess inappropriate land use (e.g.
forestry, settlements and development zones, agriculture and hydraulic structures);
1.4.3 Develop alternative concepts and strategies for achieving integrated land use and management
in chosen wetland areas, including required actions and measures (regulatory and legal issues,
economic fines and incentives, compensation payments, etc.)
1.5
Industrial reform and development of policies and legislation for application of BAT
(best available techniques including cleaner technologies) towards reduction of nutrients
(N and P) and dangerous substances
Industrial reform is one of the most urgent and most critical issues in most central and lower DRB
countries and can certainly not be efficiently initiated by an environmental programme of this scale.
Considering that in transition countries the industrial production is actually very low, it is not
surprising, that industry generates only respectively 5 and 8 % of nitrogen and phosphorus that enter
the Danube River.
Taking into account the expected revitalization of industries, it is necessary to focus on industrial
policies and on a review of legislation in order to ensure that environmental considerations are
adequately taken into account and that mechanisms for compliance are put in place.
The project should also address the problem of industrial "hot spots" in relation to Significant Impact
Areas (SIA) as identified in the Transboundary Analysis, to determine transboundary nutrients and
toxics pollution from particular industries and identify possible solutions (BAT - best available
techniques including cleaner technologies, treatment process, etc.) to reduce the emissions of toxic
substances and nutrients in particular. While Phase 1 of the Project focuses on the identification of
gaps and opportunities for reforms, Phase 2 will later develop pilot applications of BAT concepts in
selected countries.
The subject of this component is closely related to the work of the EMIS/EG, therefore the project
component should closely cooperate with the envisaged UNIDO-TEST MSP to ensure that
interventions at the policy/legislative and at the technical (demonstration) levels are complementary.
In this context, the execution of the project component through an IAA or sub-contract with UNIDO
should be considered.
The following steps should lead in Phase 1 to an efficient implementation of this project component:
1.5.1 Up-dating the basin-wide inventory on industrial and mining "hot spots" (EMIS inventory)
taking into account emissions of nutrient and toxic substances;
1.5.2 Reviewing data and information on the actual status of industrial production techniques
involving nutrients (N and P) and dangerous substances in the DRB countries;
1.5.3 Reviewing policies and relevant existing and future legislation for industrial pollution control
and identification enforcement mechanisms on a country level (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.5.4 Comparing and identifying gaps between relevant EU and national legislation (will be
completed in Phase 2);
1.5.5 Developing necessary complementing policy and legal measures for the introduction of BAT
taking into account regulatory and legal issues, awareness raising, financial fines and
incentives, etc (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.5.6 Identifying, in relation to Significant Impact Areas, industrial "hot spots" having a significant
impact on water resources and water quality (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.5.8 Organizing workshops with participants from relevant ministries, industrial managers,
banking institutions, introducing information on best available technologies, financial support,
etc. (will be completed in Phase 2).
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
35
1.6
Policy reform and legislation measures for the development of cost-covering concepts for
water and waste water tariffs, focusing on nutrient reduction and control of dangerous
substances
The funding of water sector-related investments and the cost coverage for the operation of WWTP in
the DRB countries largely depends on economically and socially acceptable water and waste water
tariffs. An assessment of water and waste water tariffs is currently being conducted with financial
support from the Austrian Environmental GEF Trust Fund. Based on the results of this study, which
will be available in June 2001, policy and legislative measures shall be developed for interested DRB
countries to assure the introduction of economically and socially acceptable tariffs. This project
component shall help to improve the investment possibilities for reduction of nutrients and toxic
substances. Phase 1 of the Project will focus on developing country-specific concepts for tariff reforms
while the Phase 2 will analyze and finalize these results in cooperation with all national stakeholders.
The implementation of new policy and legislative measures can make a substantial contribution
towards increasing internal funds and releasing public budgets and can thus facilitate the provision of
baseline contributions for new investment projects in transboundary nutrient reduction and pollution
control.
Based on the results of the assessment of Water and Waste Water Tariffs, the following actions shall
be considered in Phase 1:
1.6.1 Analyzing significant differences /deficiencies regarding water sector relevant legislation,
level of tariffs, status of metering, level of illegal and unaccounted for consumptions,
collection rate, etc.; assessing the potential for the increase of revenues of the companies
operating in the water and waste water sector;
1.6.2 Developing appropriate concepts for tariff reforms aimed at cost covering models in line with
the EU WFD (on a country level).
1.7
Implementation of effective systems of water pollution charges, fines and incentives,
focusing on nutrients and dangerous substances
Most DRB countries are not putting into operation any effective system of fines for water pollution or
respective incentives as applied in industrialized Western European countries. The basic idea is,
therefore, to assist the interested DRB countries to develop an effective system of fines and incentives
to promote rational utilization of water resources and to prevent or reduce effects of environmental
pollution, specifically nutrients and certain toxics. Within the broad framework of fines and incentives
particular attention should be given on discharges of nutrients and toxic pollutants with significant
transboundary effects. Phase 1 of the Project will produce a DRB-wide assessment of presently
existing tools and institutional mechanisms, while Phase 2 will prepare and suggest guidelines for the
most appropriate charges, fines and incentives.
The main tasks of the proposed component in Phase 1 can be summarized as follows:
1.7.1 Analyzing the present systems of water pollution charges, fines and incentives in the DRB
countries and identifying significant deficiencies (types and basis of charges, fines and
incentives, effectiveness, collection procedures, exemptions, etc);
1.7.2 Identifying the most essential and effective water pollution charges, fines and incentives,
assessing the main obstacles/barriers to their introduction and develop enforcement
mechanisms;
1.7.3 Assessing the institutional and economic capabilities of the particular DRB countries for a
reform of water pollution charges, fines and incentives.
1.8
Recommendations for the reduction of phosphorus in detergents
The EU policies and legislation do not provide for phosphate detergents phase-out plans. The present
situation in the EU countries is based on voluntary arrangements set by the industry. Phase 1 of the
Project will assess the country-specific situation and discuss measures to overcome reduction barriers,
while Phase 2 will later periodically check the implementation of recommendations.
36
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The basic idea of this project component in Phase 1 is to:
1.8.1 Reviewing the existing legislation, policies and voluntary commitments;
1.8.2 Developing recommendations for phosphorus reduction in detergents in line with EU
regulations and commonly agreed international standards;
1.8.3 Developing proposals for enforcement and compliance (economic, financial incentives);
1.8.4 Organizing a basin-wide workshop dealing with the implementation of recommendations at
national level (will be completed in Phase 2).
The country-specific recommendations and implementation schedules should be mostly based on the
experiences from Western European countries and should take into account the institutional and
especially the economic capability of the particular DRB countries.
2.
Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation
for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in
the Danube River Basin
One of the essential and positive results of the previous GEF Pollution Reduction Programme was the
successful support provided for institutional strengthening and capacity building of government, local
administration and the private sector (NGOs) in the participating DRB countries.
In order to ensure efficient implementation of the ICPDR policies and related Investment Programme
defined under the DRPC, it is recommended that national capacities of the central and the sub-ordinate
national level should be reinforced. In this context, exchange of information, reinforcement of
environment research and standardization of methods and parameters are essential to strengthen
regional cooperation and joint decision making in implementing the SAP. At the national level "Inter-
ministerial Committees" will be set up to assure adequate coordination and implementation of policies,
legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and pollution control.
The respective project components defined in the frame of the present Regional Project (Phases 1
and 2) are primarily designed to support the ICPDR in establishing an appropriate Management and
Information System, and in establishing appropriate indicators for evaluation and monitoring of
programme and project implementation (process, status and stress reduction). Secondly, the Expert
Groups established under the ICPDR should be supported in carrying out the particular tasks and
activities clearly dealing with nutrient reduction and transboundary issues, which might not be
adequately covered without GEF assistance.
2.1
Setting up of "Inter-ministerial Committees" for development, implementation and
follow-up of national policies legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and
pollution control
To assure adequate coordination and implementation of policies, legislation and projects for nutrient
reduction and pollution control, "Inter-ministerial Committees" will be set up at the national level
involving all technical, administrative and financial departments. The following steps are foreseen :
2.1.1 Evaluate existing national structures for coordination of water management and water
pollution control (follow up action on report on "Existing and planned inter-ministerial
coordination mechanisms relating to pollution control and nutrient reduction", August 2000,
Annex 8.1);
2.1.2 In cooperation with national governments, propose adequate structures, including technical,
administrative and financial departments to coordinate the review and implementation of
policies, legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and pollution control;
2.1.3 Assist Governments in setting up national "Inter-ministerial Committees" and provide initial
guidance for the implementation of GEF project components.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
37
2.2
Development of operational tools for monitoring, laboratory and information
management and for emission analysis from point and non-point sources of pollution
with particular attention to nutrients and toxic substances
The subject of this component is professional and financial support aimed at reinforcing the activities
related to emission control (EMIS/EG) and monitoring of water quality, laboratory and information
management (MLIM/EG), particularly aiming at improvement, further development and application
of:
· the Danube Water Quality Model;
· the Modelling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems (MONERIS);
· the Analytical Quality Control (AQC).
If adequately designed and provided with reliable data, these two models and the quality assurance
programme are essential tools for a profound assessment of transboundary nutrient and toxic pollutant
flows as well as an assessment of the expected effects of nutrient and other pollution reduction
measures. The present nutrient reduction plans can be adjusted and the implementation of policy
measures can be focused on specific areas or sectors. Phase 1 of the Project will prepare the upgrading
of existing operational tools, while Phase 2 will secure their effective application and the DRB-wide
data availability.
Further assistance is proposed in Phase 1 to strengthen other activities in the MLIM/EG and the
EMIS/EG, with particular attention to the following nutrient/pollution reduction and transboundary
issues:
2.2.1 Harmonizing water quality standards and quality assurance for nutrients and toxic substances
(will be completed in Phase 2);
2.2.2 Assisting in the creation of a database and emission inventory for point and non point sources
of phosphorus and nitrogen, including maps (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.2.3 Optimizing TNMN and identifying sources and amounts of transboundary pollution for
substances on the list of EU priority substances (will be completed in Phase 2).
In this context, consultation and working meetings of the Expert Groups for particular research work
(modelling, development of nutrient data base, etc) should be arranged in cooperation with
international consultants specialized in the respective field of work. For this purpose, special TOR
have to be defined by the Expert Groups.
To assure the coherence and viability of data collection in all Danube countries, it would be necessary
to provide training and additional laboratory and monitoring tools, in particular for those countries
that:
· still need to be brought to the same operational level (Ukraine, Moldova) or
· are not yet integrated in the MLIM and EMIS systems (Bosnia-Herzegovina, FR
Yugoslavia).
2.3
Improvement of procedures and tools for accidental emergency response with particular
attention to transboundary emergency situations
The recent accidental pollution of the Tisza river from mining activities and the effects of NATO
intervention in Yugoslavia, the bombing of petrochemical and other industrial complexes in the
Danube River Basin, led to a contamination of ground water and rivers with toxic substances (PCBs,
PAHs, cyanide, etc.), the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments and to a degradation of
ecosystems (fish kill). Hence, urgent support is needed to improve preventive and emergency
response measures.
38
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The subject of this project component is to support development activities for accident emergency
warning and prevention of accidental pollution. The experience from the recent accidental pollution
events indicates that the basically established AEPWS/EG needs substantial improvement before it can
become a satisfactory tool for adequate management of transboundary contamination from
catastrophic events. During Phase 1 of the Project, the operational bases of the alarm system will be
upgraded and preventive policy measures recommended. During Phase 2, the practical application of
the alarm system will be further extended in the DRB.
In this context, technical assistance and reinforcement of operational conditions are required in Phase
1 for:
2.3.1 The reinforcement of operational conditions in national alert stations (PIACs) and
geographical extension of the AEPWS in Bosnia & Herzegovina and the FR of Yugoslavia1)
(will be completed in Phase 2);
2.3.2 The completion of the inventory presently available only for the upper Tisza River Basin, and
evaluation of all high accidental risk spots in all countries in the Danube River Basin, in line
with EU legislation, considering that similar accidental "hot spots" exist in many transition
countries (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.3.3 The designing of preventive measures, the adjusting of national legislation and improved
compliance with safety standards (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.3.4 Maintenance and calibration of the Danube Basin Alarm Model (DBAM), to predict the
propagation of the accidental pollution and evaluate temporal, spatial and magnitude
characteristics in the Danube river system and to the Black Sea (will be completed in Phase 2).
2.4
Support for reinforcement of ICPDR Information and Monitoring System (DANUBIS)
The Danube Information System (DANUBIS) has been developed with the financial support from the
Austrian Government (computer equipment and software) and from the Austrian Environmental Trust
Fund, administered by UNOPS (concept and development of the Information System). The system is
presently installed at the Permanent Secretariat of the ICPDR (Vienna International Center) and fully
operational.
Further professional/technical and financial support is needed for the build-up and extension of
DANUBIS to assure adequate administration of the information and reporting obligations under the
DRPC. A new interactive web-site is to be adapted ensuring a smooth flow of textual and geographic
information between the national level and the central unit at the ICPDR Secretariat to achieve
permanent monitoring and exchange of information on pollution control and nutrient reduction
measures and to disseminate information to the public on policy and legal matters related to nutrient
reduction: GEF nutrient reduction policies, relevant EU guidelines and directives, other information
from international initiatives/conventions concerning land based sources of pollution, agricultural
practices, fertilizer application, phosphate free detergents, etc. During Phase 1 of the Project, the
DANUBIS website extension will be made fully operational, during Phase 2 the new interactive
website will be built up.
1) The FR of Yugoslavia is situated in an extremely important geographical position in the center of the Danube River Basin
where the most important tributaries, Tisza, Sava and Drava are joining the Danube. During the recent accidental pollution
the AEWS has also informed Yugoslavia and cooperated with its technical staff to monitor the effects of accidental
pollution. The UNEP Balkan Task Force and the EU-Baia Mare Task Force have closely cooperated with Yugoslavian
authorities in the assessment of accidental pollution and the design of emergency measures.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
39
This would require in Phase 1 that:
2.4.1 The ICPDR Information System is fully developed and used by its expert groups and other
operational bodies;
2.4.2 All Contracting Parties of the ICPDR and other participating countries would be linked to
DANUBIS, which applies the development and implementation of national linkages and
establishment of operational units to communicate also in case of accidental emergency
situations (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.4.3 DANUBIS would be reinforced through the implementation of an interactive web-site to
integrate further textual, numerical and digital mapping information and to fulfill all the
requirements of the work of the nutrient reduction programme (communication, monitoring,
public information, etc.) (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.4.4 An extensive training programme would be launched and series of workshops be organized at
different users levels and in different regions of the DRB to train and assist futures users in the
best use of the tools made available by the system (will be completed in Phase 2).
It should be noted that the ICPDR assure regular maintenance and updating of the information with
particular attention the Data Base developed within the frame of the previous GEF project (Danube
Pollution Reduction Programme.
2.5
Implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding between the ICPDR and the
ICPBS relating to discharges of nutrients and hazardous substances to the Black Sea
This component implies assisting the ICPBS and the ICPDR in further implementing the
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), identifying appropriate modalities for the implementation and
developing of a monitoring system for commonly agreed process, stress reduction and environmental
status indicators for the Black Sea. During the Phase 1 of the Project, a joint working programme will
be worked out and approved, which will be practically applied in Phase 2.
The main tasks for the implementation of the MoU in Phase 1 can be summarized as follows:
2.5.1 Developing a joint work programme for MoU implementation (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.5.2 Defining and agreeing on status indicators to monitor nutrient transport from the Danube and
change of ecosystems in the Black Sea (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.5.3 Defining and establish reporting procedures (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.5.4 Re-establishing and organizing regular meetings of the Joint Danube-Black Sea working
groups to evaluate progress of nutrient reduction and recovery of Black Sea ecosystems (will
be completed in Phase 2);
2.5.5 Organizing joint Danube-Black Sea meeting to approve and sign MoU by both Commissions.
2.6
Training and consultation workshops for resource management and pollution control
with particular attention to nutrient reduction and transboundary issues
In order to assure sustainability of appropriate resources management and pollution control and to
assure the same level of understanding throughout the Danube River Basin, it is necessary to provide
training in the fields of environmental analysis and planning, management and impact assessment for
nutrient reduction and control of toxic substances through workshops, consultation meetings and study
tours for participants from government, local administration, NGOs and other stakeholder from the
private sector (professional associations, opinion leaders, etc.). Besides this, additional materials and
equipment should be supplied and technical assistance should be provided where necessary. During
the Phase 1 of the Project, the various training programmes will be worked out and trainers trained,
during the Phase 2 Project these trainings will be organized and evaluated.
40
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Besides the workshops on policy development and legislation to be organized in the frame of each of
the above-described project components, training courses should be provided in Phase 1 in the
following fields:
2.6.1 Policy development and legal frame for transboundary cooperation in nutrient reduction and
control of toxic substances (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.6.2 Technical and legal issues of river basin planning and transboundary water resources
management in line with the new EU Water Framework Directive with a view to ensuring
effective nutrient reduction (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.6.3 Technical and legal issues (land reclamation) of wetland restoration and management to assure
nutrient removal (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.6.4 Innovative technologies for municipal and industrial waste water treatment; use of sewage and
animal waste as fertilizer to reduce nutrient emissions (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.6.5 Technical and legal issues of management and control of use of fertilizers and manure (will be
completed in Phase 2);
2.6.6 Preparation of documents for nutrient reduction projects with international co-funding and
application of GEF criteria concerning incremental cost calculation (will be completed in
Phase 2);
2.6.7 Training courses for NGO activities (will be completed in Phase 2).
The last training course should also focus on methodology and standards for economic and financial
analysis of bankable projects with international co-funding; and in particular on identification and
documentation of nutrient reduction projects according to GEF requirements and guidelines regarding
baseline / incremental cost, transboundary effects, etc.
The proposed training courses should be organized with the assistance of experienced international
consultants in a series of three-to-five-days workshops and should also be run in the national
languages at least once in each Project Phase (i.e. twice during the total project period of 5 years).
Regional Workshops designed to reinforce transboundary cooperation should be attended by at least
two or three participants from each DRB country. One essential task will be to prepare, prior to the
workshops, adequate documents and case study materials for dissemination among the participants.
3.
Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision
making and reinforcement of community actions for pollution
reduction and protection of ecosystems
All activities outlined in the previous chapter on institutional strengthening and capacity building
contribute to awareness raising in a broader sense. The publication through the mass media and
through publications of the ICPDR (Danube Watch etc.) of the results of ICPDR´s and its Expert
Groups´ activities, in particular the results of workshops and consultation meetings, constitute an
excellent opportunity to raise public awareness. These actions of awareness raising should primarily
address representatives from central and local governments and from administration and to a lesser
extent from the private sector.
The Regional Environmental Center (REC) in Hungary has elaborated a project proposal for GEF
financial support for the Building of Environmental Citizenship to Support Transboundary Pollution
Reduction in the Danube. Public awareness and public participation, as well as cooperation with the
government and administration, shall be demonstrated in the frame of two pilot projects in Hungary
and Slovenia.
The present GEF Regional Project component has a much wider spectrum and geographical outreach
but should nevertheless benefit from the REC initiative and establish close cooperation during its
implementation period.
The objective of the Project is to enhance awareness raising in the civil society and the reinforcement
of the role of NGOs in water management and pollution reduction (nutrients and toxic substances)
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
41
with particular attention to transboundary cooperation and river basin management. This can best be
achieved through practical measures and the support of community-based activities for rational
resources management, transboundary cooperation and pollution control with particular attention to
nutrient reduction. Financial support should be provided to assist the implementation of community-
based demonstration projects in various Danube River Basin countries (Small Grants Programme).
Cooperation of the civil society and in particular the local NGOs is essential to achieving the
objectives and goals of the ICPDR and the new Danube Regional Project. Particular attention will be
given to the reinforcement and the role of the Danube Environmental Forum (DEF), which is the
umbrella organization of the NGOs in the Danube River Basin. The previous GEF Project has
provided some support to facilitate the organization of NGO cooperation at the national level and the
establishment of the Danube Environmental Forum.
Within the frame of the present GEF project component, the support for awareness raising should be
extended (i.e. make each project more relevant), linked with the reinforcement of NGO activities and
should focus on concrete demonstration measures of pollution control, nutrient reduction and
transboundary cooperation. In this context, the following project components have been identified as
particularly promising:
3.1
Support for institutional development of NGOs and community involvement
This should come in the form of technical/professional assistance and financial support for the Danube
Environmental Forum and for national NGOs working on transboundary pollution issues and nutrient
reduction. During Phase 1 of the Project, this will be focusing on making the DEF fully operational
and preparing the training programmes which will be will be completed in Phase 2 with the actual
training and publications:
3.1.1 Support for the DEF Secretariat for operation, communication and information management
(will be completed in Phase 2);
3.1.2 Organization of consultation meetings and training workshops on nutrients and toxics issues
(will be completed in Phase 2);
3.1.3 Publishing special NGO publications in national languages on nutrients and toxic
substances(will be completed in Phase 2);
3.1.4 Organization of training courses for the development of NGO activities and cooperation in
national projects (nutrient reduction) (will be completed in Phase 2).
3.2
Applied awareness raising through community-based "Small Grants Programme"
It is important and necessary to provide administrative, professional and financial support for the
extension of the GEF-Small Grants Programme. This is mainly focusing in Phase 1 of the Project on
the identification of suitable projects and the preparation of applications for financial support. In Phase
2 of the Project grants will be awarding and the programme will be implemented:
3.2.1 Identifying NGO grants programme and projects for reduction of nutrients and toxic
substances and mitigation of transboundary pollution;
3.2.2 Designing and implementing a region-wide granting programme focusing on demonstration
activities and awareness campaigns for sustainable land management and pollution reduction
(nutrients) in the agricultural, industrial and municipal sectors (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.2.3 Designing and implementing two granting programmes at the local and national level in terms
of small scale community based investment projects for pollution control, rehabilitation of
wetlands, best agricultural practices, reduction of use of fertilizers, manure management,
improvement of village sewer systems, etc. (will be completed in Phase 2).
Based on previous experience and good performance, this project component shall be implemented
with technical and policy guidance from the ICPDR, by the Regional Environmental Center (REC) in
Hungary. Through its national offices, the REC will inform local communities and NGOs to develop
and submit relevant project proposals and will organize and follow-up in the 2nd Phase of the Project
the implementation of selected projects for nutrient reduction and awareness raising.
42
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
3.3
Organization of public awareness raising campaigns on nutrient reduction and control of
toxic substances
The practical awareness and daily sensitivity of the general public on pollution problems and their
transboundary impacts is still very low in most DRB countries. The many new local NGO small grants
projects organized within this GEF Project frame (component 3.3.(i)) will become more relevant for
the public's opinion-making at national and regional scale if they will be complemented by nation-
wide awareness campaigns. Therefore, the GEF Project aims at raising awareness on accidental
pollution and prevention and nutrient reduction in daily life through media activities and campaigning.
Phase 1 of the Project will prepare and start first public activities in the DRB countries, which will be
intensified in Phase 2 of the Project. Further support will be given in both Phases by the publication of
periodicals in English and in national languages.
Phase 1 of the Project will therefore focus on:
3.3.1 Conceptualization and implementation of public awareness raising campaigns on nutrients
issues (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.3.2 Development and production of materials for public press and mass media on nutrients and
toxics (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.3.3 Support to the publication of scientific documents and regular papers or special issues on
water management and pollution reduction with particular attention to nutrient issues and
Black Sea recovery (will be completed in Phase 2).
4.
Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to
control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and
harmful substances
The development and the upgrading the monitoring and information systems is of significant
importance for transboundary cooperation in water quality and water management, and of common
interest for the Danube and the Black Sea countries. Particular attention will be given to the
development of indicators (process, stress reduction and environmental status indicators) to monitor
progress of project implementation. For this purpose, special methodologies will be developed to
assess sediments (heavy metals, toxic substances) and nutrient removal capacities of wetlands. Also
economic mechanisms will be analyzed to encourage investments in nutrient reduction measures.
Regarding specific issues on monitoring and preparation of information, the following project
activities have been proposed to be carried out within the frame of Phase 1 and 2 of the Danube
Regional Project:
4.1
Development of indicators for project monitoring and impact evaluation
To assure efficient monitoring and evaluation of project implementation, and to document project and
programme achievements, it is necessary in line with EU and the existing international requirements
to establish an operational system of indicators (process, stress reduction and environmental status)
under the ICPDR. It should be considered, that under the new EU Water Framework Directive criteria
for the assessment of the ecological status of the rivers and for monitoring the achievement of good
ecological status will have to be applied. Within Phase 1 of the Project, new indicators and
methodologies will be developed, which will be established and applied in Phase 2.
The following tasks should therefore be carried out in Phase 1 under this component:
4.1.1 Establishing a system for M&E in using specific indicators for process (legal and institutional
frame), stress reduction (emissions, removal of hot spots) and environmental status (water
quality, recovery of ecosystems) to demonstrate results of programme and project
implementation and to evaluate environmental effects of implementation of policies and
regulations (nutrient reduction) (will be completed in Phase 2);
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
43
4.1.2 Reviewing in the frame of the ICPDR Trans National Monitoring Programme (TNMN)
specific indicators (e.g. bio-indicators) for emission control and water quality monitoring with
particular attention to nutrients and toxic substances (will be completed in Phase 2);
4.1.3 Establishing monitoring system in using specific progress indicators (benchmarks) for project
implementation (GEF- projects activities) (will be completed in Phase 2);
4.1.4 Implementing ecological status assessment in line with requirements of EU WFD using
specific bio-indicators to demonstrate effects of pollution /nutrient reduction in water-bodies
and ecosystems(will be completed in Phase 2).
4.2
Analysis of sediments in the Iron Gate reservoirs and impact assessment of heavy metals
and other dangerous substances on the Danube and Black Sea ecosystems
(This component will be carried out in the Phase 2 of the Project.)
4.3
Monitoring and assessment of nutrient removal capacities of riverine wetlands
In the frame of the GEF Pollution Reduction Programme, the rehabilitation and management of about
600.000 hectares of wetlands and floodplains in the DRB have been proposed. In the World Bank-
GEF Partnership Investment Facility for Nutrient Reduction, the restoration or creation of wetlands is
one of the three types of projects eligible for funding. It is generally recognized that the removal
capacity varies considerably according to water flow, concentration, loads and natural conditions of
the wetlands.
In the frame of Phase 1 and 2 of the Projects, a quantified approach could be made for the DRB
wetlands to better assess their removal capacities and the possibilities in wetland management to
optimize such processes, while still giving priority to the ecological needs of these ecosystems. These
results would considerably improve and disseminate world-wide the knowledge about nutrient
removal through wetlands rehabilitation and would define the technical and economic parameters for
efficient wetlands management.
This proposed project component, which would support a larger GEF need in the frame of Targeted
Research, should cover in Phase 1 preparatory tasks and would later in Phase 2 provide the actual
removal observation programme and management guidance:
4.3.1 Classifying the wetlands and floodplains in the DRB by category and define potential
observation sites;
4.3.2 Defining the methodological approach for assessment of nutrient removal capacities of
wetlands and flood plains.
4.4
Danube Basin study on pollution trading and corresponding economic instruments for
nutrient reduction
In the frame of the study on Financing Pollution Reduction Measures in the DRB Present Situation
and Suggestions for New Instruments, the implementation of a system of nutrient discharge quotas and
auctions has been proposed. Considering the diversified economic conditions of the riparian countries
and the particular relation of the Danube countries to the Black Sea, new approaches, in particular
economic instruments, could be necessary to achieve efficiency in nutrient reduction reforms.
Whenever the principle of "pollutant auctions" is presently not compatible with the EU water quality
guidelines, which are based on the emission principle, interesting and innovative approaches could be
developed and possibly introduced in the forthcoming EU policies to solve the nutrient problem.
Further, the results would also contribute to support a larger GEF need for Targeted Research in
developing economic instruments for nutrient reduction.
44
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
This component should therefore assess the viability and feasibility of "pollution trading" concept in
the DRB countries (Phase 1 of the Project) and initiate a broad discussion with all stakeholders on
alternative economic concepts for pollution control (Phase 2 of the Project). It should further be noted
that the present study proposed for the Danube River Basin (considering in particular the EU policies
and directives) is complementary to a similar study conducted by the World Bank in the frame of the
Black Sea Regional Project, which shall develop the concept of nutrient emission trading taking into
account the specific conditions of the Black Sea countries.
For this purpose, it is proposed to prepare an EU-Danube specific assessment covering in Phase 1 the
following main issues:
4.4.1
Reviewing existing concepts of successful "pollutant trading / auctions" or corresponding
economic instruments in the water and air pollution sector in the US, Australia and Europe;
4.4.2 Studying the general possibilities to establish the idea of "pollution trading" or
corresponding economic instruments for nutrient reduction under the EU policies and
directives in the Danube River Basin;
4.4.3
Assessing the main problems / obstacles for "pollution trading" and corresponding economic
instruments in the DRB and the interest of the particular DRB countries for implementation.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
45
IV Sustainability and Participation
The proposed Danube Regional Projects (Phases 1 and 2) have to be seen as a logical continuation of
the GEF assistance to the Danube Environmental Programme. The Danube Pollution Reduction
Programme has established the necessary conditions for the ICPDR and for the DRB countries to
assure efficient implementation of policies and measures for pollution reduction and resource
management. The proposed Danube Regional Projects can build on a very favorable framework for
sustainability and participation, and on the findings and recommendations of:
· the SAP 1994 as the agreed-upon policy document of the EPDRB focusing on policies and
strategies for pollution control and resource management,
· the Common Platform for the Development of National Policies and Actions for Pollution
Reduction under the DRPC, representing a summary of policies and actions developed in the
frame of the Pollution Reduction Programme,
· the Danube Pollution Reduction Programme (DPRP) and the Inventory of Investment Projects
(Database) providing the operational basis for promoting investments for pollution reduction
measures.
Institutional capacities and arrangements: With its entry into force on 22 October 1998, the
Danube River Protection Convention (DRPC), to which the ECE-Convention for the Protection and
Use of Transboundary Waters (Helsinki Convention 1992) is the framework, became the overall legal
instrument for cooperation and transboundary water management in the Danube River Basin. Since
mid-1999 all bodies of the ICPDR, the Expert Groups and the ICPDR Permanent Secretariat have
been fully operational. The primary objective of the proposed Danube Regional Project is to support
the ICPDR in order to achieve a well-balanced integrated implementation of the Common Platform,
the PRP and the forthcoming JAP. It is assured that there is a full developed and functioning
institutional framework for project performance.
As the ICPDR is permanently sustained via financial contributions of the member states, the GEF
intervention would support and strengthen the ICPDR and its Expert Groups to improve technical and
management capacities for the implementation of nutrient reduction measures identified in the
Pollution Reduction Programme.
The participation of the contracting parties including the European Community, the signatory
countries (Ukraine) and other cooperating countries (Bosnia-Herzegovina and Yugoslavia) of the DRB
is assured through the work of ICPDR-Steering Group and the through the Conference of Parties,
which is the highest body for the implementation of the Danube River Protection Convention.
Government commitment: All countries in the DRB have actively participated in the frame of the
elaboration of the Pollution Reduction Programme and have provided all necessary information for the
preparation of the present Project Brief (PDF-Block B actives) and thus demonstrated their interest in
and commitment to pollution control, nutrient reduction and sustainable water management. Further, it
should be noticed that central and downstream Danube countries are actually preparing for accession
to the European Union and are therefore committed to applying the European water directives and
guidelines for pollution reduction with particular attention to the EU Nitrate Directive, the Urban
Waste Water Directive and the implementation of the new EU Water Framework Directive.
Legal Frame: The Danube River Protection Convention is a legally binding instrument, which
provides a solid framework and a legal basis for cooperation, including enforcement. The
International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) has been established
according to the Danube River Protection Convention provision (Art.18) and has its seat in Vienna,
Austria. The ICPDR and its bodies are responsible for the implementation of the Danube River
Protection Convention.
46
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Stakeholder participation: The development of NGOs and the re-establishment of the Danube
Environ-mental Forum as an umbrella organization for all Danube NGOs was an essential contribution
of the previous GEF assistance to assure public participation in the planning and plan implementation
processes. Further, the GEF Small Grants Programme has facilitated the implementation of
community-based projects in the middle and lower Danube countries. It is thus assured that the
existing structures of local NGOs and the DEF will play an important role in the implementation of the
GEF Danube Regional Project and in the development and application of new policies and regulation
to improve water quality and to assure rational use of resources.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
47
V Lessons
Learned
Some important lessons have been learned from a range of GEF and other environmental planning
projects in the Danube region, and especially from the GEF-supported Danube Pollution Reduction
Programme (DPRP), which was completed in June 1999. In the frame of this project, the Danube
countries cooperating under the DRPC have achieved important results in terms of capacity building
and institutional strengthening. The planning process in elaborating the Transboundary Analysis and
in revising the SAP, which involved stakeholders from the local governments, scientific institutions
and NGOs had created a high momentum in adopting GEF operational principles for the protection of
international waters and ecosystems. Further, the interaction with other organization, in particular the
EU Phare and Tacis, the World Bank, the EBRD, etc., and joint actions with the Black Sea Programme
have set new standards for regional cooperation. These positive achievements will be consolidated in
implementing the Danube / Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership.
The first phase of the DPRP indicated how time consuming and difficult it is to set up institutional
structures, information networks and to introduce new approaches of planning in countries that are in a
continuous process of political and economic transition. Based on this experience, it is recommended
that wherever possible - the newly created institutional settings, networks and methodological tools
should be reinforced through the Danube Regional Project. Special emphasis should be put on the
maximum utilization of the participatory approach that is now fully understood and accepted by the
participating countries.
In many transition countries, the policy and legal frame is presently being reviewed and adjusted,
focusing in particular on unclear land ownership and uncontrolled resource management (forestry,
mining, etc.), which lead to environmental degradation and damage. In many countries, compliance
with environmental laws and regulations is not controlled and is consequently very low. This is
partially due to structural and organizational weaknesses and more to budgetary limitations.
Inter-ministerial coordination is another common and serious problem for project implementation
when coordinating structures are missing at national levels. The involvement and cooperation of all
relevant governmental bodies, in particular the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, of Land
Reform, of Foreign Affairs, etc. is essential in the early project preparation phase.
Another lesson learned is that project activities conducted by international expert teams without close
integration and cooperation with experts from the relevant Danube countries are often not recognized.
In the frame of the Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin (EU Phare) many project
components have failed to be sufficiently coordinated with the ICPDR and its Expert Groups and thus
did not respond to the expressed needs of the beneficiaries. It is therefore recommended that all project
components should be carried out under the guidance of the ICPDR and in close cooperation with its
expert bodies and that highly qualified national experts/consultants available in all DRB countries
should be contracted.
A particular feature impacting basin-wide project activities is that of the disparities between the DRB
countries, which have clearly different institutional, administrative and economic capabilities and are
confronted with qualitatively different requirements. Particular attention should be paid on the one
hand to the EU accession countries that have reached a high level of competence and organization and,
on the other hand, to the central Danube Basin countries as Bosnia-Herzegovina and Yugoslavia,
which have been affected by the war and political instability.
In this context, IW: LEARN, a distance education programme whose purpose is to improve the global
management of transboundary water systems, will contribute to improve regional cooperation and
capacity building. Following the experience gained in the DPRP, IW: LEARN should be connected to
the Danube Information System (DANUBIS) and used as an interactive conference capacity across
and within GEF international waters projects for sharing information and learning related to nutrient
reduction and river basin and coastal zones management. Training courses started during the DPRP
will be revitalized and continued to enhance technical knowledge for water managers in nutrient
reduction and sustainable management of water resources and ecosystems in the Danube River Basin.
48
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
VI Project Budget and Financing
VI1 GEF Budget Contribution
The total financial requirements for the performance of the proposed Phase 1 Danube Regional Project
are USD 5,000,000. According to the provisional estimates the allocation of the budget by cost
categories is anticipated as follows:
BUDGET OF THE DRP BY COST CATEGORIES
USD
Percentage
Permanent professional project staff
386,000
7.7 %
Project Support Staff
256,250
5.1 %
Subcontractors / International consultants
1,404,000
28.1 %
National consultants from the DRB countries
1,080,000
21.6 %
Workshops, training courses, meetings
536,890
10.8 %
Identification and preparation of "GEF- Small Grants Projects"
153,350
3.1 %
Awareness raising and public information material
100,000
2.0 %
Equipment for nutrient monitoring/information
267,000
5.3 %
Project operational costs
246,140
4.9 %
Organizational support for DEF and NGOs
200,000
4.0 %
UNOPS Support cost
370,370
7.4 %
Total
5,000,000
100 %
The allocation of the budget by the main project components according to the budget proposal (Annex
4) is as follows:
BUDGET BY MAIN PROJECT COMPONENTS
USD
Percentage
(1) Creation of sustainable ecological conditions
2,425,400
48.5 %
(2) Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation
821,940
16.4 %
(3) Strengthening of public involvement and reinforc. community actions
827,650
16.6 %
(4) Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems
554,640
11.1 %
UNOPS Support cost
370,370
7.4 %
Total
5,000,000
100,0 %
From the GEF budget contributions 48.5 % is earmarked for the development of policies and legal
instruments for nutrient reduction and will be invested directly in supporting the work at the national
level. 16.4 % of the budget is aimed at strengthening regional cooperation for implementing the
ICPDR policies and related investment programmes (JAP) and at reinforcing monitoring and
information capacities. In both first project components a total of 10.8 % is allocated for training
courses and preparation of workshops.
The budgetary allotment for awareness raising and NGO activities is 16.6 % to assure participation of
the civil society in nutrient reduction activities. 11.1 % of the GEF budget is earmarked for
strengthening monitoring, evaluation and information systems. 7.4 % is earmarked as support cost for
the executing agencies.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
49
Project Budget
Detailed Budget by Project Components
Particip.
Baseline
and Assigned Baseline Costs (USD)
GEF
Danube
Costs
Countries
1
Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
General project costs
629,032
400,000
Development and implementation of policy guidelines for river basin
1.1
447,600 1,188,000 22,470,000
management
Reduction of nutrients and harmful substances from agricultural point and non-
1.2
380,600
16,740,000
point sources through agricultural policy changes
Development of pilot projects on reduction of nutrients and other harmful
1.3
269,200
16,810,000
substances from agricultural point and non-point sources
Policy development for wetland rehabilitation under the aspect of appropriate
1.4
246,400
9,460,000
land use
Industrial reform and development of policies and legislation for application of
1.5
269,600
16,215,000
BAT
Policy reform and legislation measures for the development of cost-covering
1.6
163,000
7,780,000
concepts for water and waste water tariffs
Implementation of effective systems of water pollution charges, fines and
1.7
92,000
4,700,000
incentives, focusing on nutrients and dangerous substances
1.8 Recommendations for the reduction of phosphorus in detergents
122,000
3,780,000
Subtotal
2,619,432
1,188,000
98,355,000
Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of
2
water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
General project costs
243,255
2,400,000
Setting up of "Inter-ministerial Committees" for development, implementation
2.1 and follow-up of national policies, legislation and projects for nutrient
38,000 181,500 3,720,000
reduction and pollution control
Development of operational tools for monitoring, laboratory and information
2.2 management and for emission analysis from point and non-point sources of
178,720 1,089,000 22,320,000
pollution
Improvement of procedures and tools for accidental emergency response with
2.3
81,160 762,300 15,624,000
particular attention to transboundary emergency situations
2.4 Support for reinforcement of ICPDR Information System (DANUBIS)
202,160 1,089,000 20,832,000
Implementation of the "Memorandum of Understanding" between the ICPDR
2.5 and the ICPBS relating to discharges of nutrients and hazard. Substances to the
27,600 217,800 4,464,000
Black Sea
Training and consultation workshops for resource management and pollution
2.6
116,800
137,800,000
control with particular attention to nutrient reduction and transboundary issues
Subtotal
887,695
3,267,000
207,160,000
Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and reinforcement of community
3
actions for pollution reduction and protection of ecosystems
General project costs
167,212
10,100,000
3.1 Support for institutional development of NGOs and community involvement
275,300
143,220
2,570,000
Applied awareness raising through community based "Small Grants
3.2
188,350 55,440 9,030,000
Programme"
Awareness raising campaigns on nutrient reduction & control of toxic
3.3
263,000 263,340 108,800
substances
Subtotal
893,862 462,000
21,808,800
Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution,
4
and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
General project costs
167,121
0
4.1 Development of indicators for project monitoring and impact evaluation
126,150
363,000
7,440,000
Analysis of sediments in the Iron Gate reservoir and impact assessment of
4.2 heavy metals and other substances on the Danube and the Black Sea
0 396,000 5,580,000
ecosystems
4.3 Monitoring and assessment of nutrient removal capacities of riverine wetlands
109,340
528,000
7,520,000
Danube Basin study on pollution trading and corresponding economic
4.4
196,400 396,000 5,580,000
instruments for nutrient reduction
Subtotal
599,011
1,683,000
18,680,000
PDF-B
350,000
PROJECT
TOTAL
5,350,000
6,600,000
353,443,800
50
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
VI2 Contributions from the ICPDR and participating countries:
Total ICPDR and Danube country contributions :
6,600,000 USD
o The ICPDR, Permanent Secretariat will facilitate overall project
implementation with an annual operational budget of 800,000 USD
for a period of 2 years :
1,600,000 USD
o The ICPDR Expert Groups will assure the implementation of
project components. The cost for experts, operation, participation and
communication can be estimated at 1,200,000 USD per year, for a
period of 2 years :
2,400,000 USD
o The participating countries will contribute in the frame of joint
activities under the DRPC to project implementation through
financial and in kind contributions (experts, equipment, operational
cost), estimated at 100,000 USD per country and year, for 13
2,600,000 USD
countries and 2 years :
VI3 National Capital Investments and Development Costs (2001 2006)
The Joint Action Programme (JAP) has been developed under the ICPDR, and is in most cases
coherent with the Five-Year Nutrient Reduction Action Plan prepared in the frame of the PDF-Block
B activities (see Annex 8-3). The following costs for policy and legislation development and for
capital investments for municipal and industrial waste water treatment and wetland restoration have
been identified :
Total capital investments2)
4.40 billion
o Assured national funding
1.72 billion
o Assured international loans
1.16 billion
o Expected grants (national and EU)
0.66 billion
o Additional funding to be raised
0.86 billion
Total cost for non-structural measures
0.51 billion
It should be noted that from the planned investments of 4.40 billion , about 3.54 billion have been
made available from national funding sources, whereas 0.86 billion remain to be raised. 510,989,000
are estimated for developing adequate monitoring and enforcement systems in the frame of the EU
accession process3) and are considered as non-structural investments to be mobilized by all Danube
countries.
VI4 World Bank Partnership and UNDP (estimated 5 years period)
W.B. Nutrient reduction projects
o Loans
210,000,000 USD
280,000,000 USD
o GEF Grants
70,000,000 USD
UNDP country programmes (2 to 4 years)
1,069,000 USD
2 ) 4.0 billion USD, respectively 3.22 billion USD available and 0.78 billion USD to be raised
3 ) Sector Case Study, WRc, Report CO 3291/2, 1993
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
51
VI5 Investments from EU for environmental measures (accession
countries)
The following investment from the EU is for a period of seven years to assist accession countries to
improve environmental management and to build or modernize waste water treatment plants and other
technical structures; it can be assumed that about half of the Phare money is earmarked for non-
structural measures:
Total investment for a period of 7 years 4)
13.5 billion
o EU Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe (Danube countries)
3.0 billion
o Phare for environmental protection (Danube countries)
5.3 billion
o ISPA funds for environment and infrastructure (Danube countries)
3.5 billion
o SAPARD funds for agricultural sector (Danube countries)
1.7 billion
VI6 Assistance from bilateral sources (estimated 2 to 4 years)
o USAID (amount allocated for environmental/sustainable development
projects in 2000 out of which 120.000.000 for structural projects)
162,000,000 USD
o Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DEPA)
not available
o Netherlands (Wetlands Ukraine)
VI7
Assistance provided through private sector organizations
(international and Danube NGOs for a 2 to 4 years period)
Total Investments (estimated 2 to 4 years period)
29,437,800 USD
o Regional Environmental Center (REC): support for national NGO
22,500,000 USD
activities (environmental, sustainable development, awareness raising)
o World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): Implementation of
5,800,000 USD
environmental projects in cooperation with governments and national
NGOs
o Danube national NGOs (ECCG-Romania, Distelverein-Austria)
1,137,000 USD
VI8 Total contributions for environmental protection and nutrient
reduction in the Danube River Basin
The total allocations earmarked for pollution control and nutrient reduction in the Danube River Basin
fall into two categories:
1.
Non-structural projects (estimation for 2 years period): Reinforcement of legislation and
institutional mechanisms for transboundary cooperation (Danube Regional Project for nutrient
reduction):
· GEF UNDP: Danube Regional Project Phase 1 (2 years) + PDF-B
5,350,000 USD
· ICPDR and participating countries for Danube Regional Project (2 years)
6,600,000 USD
· National investments for monitoring and enforcement systems (2 years)
186,000,000 USD
· International private organizations and NGOs 2 to 4 years)
11,774,800 USD
· Bilateral Assistance (USAID) and UNDP (2 to 4 years)
17,869,000 USD
· EU programme for Danube accession countries, 2 years period
137,800,000 USD
(10 % of Phare programme is estimated for non structural measures)
4 ) 12.28 billion USD, applied exchange rate : 1 = 0.91 USD
52
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The GEF budget and the contributions from the ICPDR and the participating countries are
considered as "incremental" costs for the overall development and implementation of new
policies and legislation in line with GEF operational principles for international waters and with
EU environmental directives. The non-structural "baseline" cost is estimated at 353.4 million
USD, out of which the Danube countries will contribute 52.6 % and the EU in the frame of the
Phare programme 40.0 %. NGOs will provide 3.3 % of the total costs. However, it has to be
taken into account that the actual figures are incomplete and that real bilateral and NGO
contributions in the coming 2 to 5 years will be a great deal higher than indicated.
Summary of capital investments by country and expected nutrient reduction (5 years programme)
Country
Funding Scheme ()
Expected Reduction
(t/y)
Assured Funding
Funds to be raised
Total Investments
N
P
Germany 231,000,000
231,000,000
4,091
74
Austria 264,000,000
264,000,000
3,950
404
Czech Republic 104,000,000
43,000,000
147,000,000
1,091
62
Slovakia 54,000,000
65,000,000
118,000,000
2,574
147
Hungary 682,000,000
5,000,000
687,000,000
6,708
1,522
Croatia 12,000,000
421,000,000
433,000,000
5,233
814
Slovenia 382,000,000
2,000,000
384,000,000
1,509
239
Bosnia & Herzegovina
176,000,000
176,000,000
4,700
853
Yugoslavia 785,000,000
785,000,000
6,793
4,850
Bulgaria 37,000,000
88,000,000
125,000,000
2,683
599
Romania 493,000,000
493,000,000
11,860
1,591
Moldova 493,000,000
493,000,000
6,901
905
Ukraine 5,000,000
62,000,000
67,000,000
486
65
TOTAL 3,542,000,000
862,000,000
4,404,000,000
58,579
12,138
2.
Structural projects (estimation for 2 years period) : Investment figures as presented in the
previous chapters 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 have been theoretically adjusted to a 2 years period to
demonstrate the capital investments during the project period. In the project period, the
following investments for waste water treatment facilities, wetland restoration, the reduction of
pollution from agricultural non-point sources, etc. could be expected:
· GEF World Bank Partnership Programme (loans and GRF grants)
112,000,000 USD
· Bilateral Assistance (USAID, other not available)
120,000,000 USD
· Joint Action Programme (assured funds from Danube countries)
1,289,000,000 USD
· EU programme for Danube accession countries, 2-year period
3,600,000,000 USD
(ISPA, SAPARD, Stability Pact, 90% Phare for structural
measures)
In the frame of the ICPDR Joint Action Programme (5-Year Nutrient Reduction Plan), the Danube
countries contribute from own resources and internal loans for an estimated 2 years period 25.1 % to
finance structural projects (municipal and industrial waste water treatment plants, wetlands restoration,
agricultural projects etc.). The EU provides the biggest share of 70.3 % of investments to support
national efforts of EU accession countries.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
53
The contribution of the World Bank Partnership represents 2.2 % of investments for structural projects
and is complementary to the UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Project. Other contributions, e.g. from the
EBRD or the EIB, are not taken into account.
Summary of investments for reinforcement of legislation and institutional mechanisms (non-structural
projects / programmes) by country and expected nutrient reduction (5 years programme)
Country
Funding Scheme (USD)
Expected
Reduction (t/y)
Governments UNDP USAID
EU
NGO
Total
N
P
Germany 51,290,900
51,290,900
6,800
111
Austria 43,400,000
1,583,300
44,983,300
7,700
114
Czech Republic
15,781,800 95,000 2,455,000 14,681,900 2,983,300 35,997,000 1,500
33
Slovakia
29,309,100 125,000 5,454,000 27,266,400 2,983,300 65,137,800 4,500 170
Hungary
57,490,900
5,454,000 53,484,000 2,741,700 119,170,600 4,650 380
Croatia 9,581,800
3,954,000
8,914,000
2,741,700
25,191,500
3,000
130
Slovenia
18,036,400 80,000 2,455,000 16,779,300 2,741,700 40,092,400 3,450 220
Bosnia & Herzegovina
16,345,500
3,954,000
15,206,200
2,500,000
38,005,700
3,600
220
Yugoslavia
50,727,300
2,455,000 47,191,800 2,741,700 103,115,800 7,200 700
Bulgaria
21,981,800
3,954,000 20,449,800 3,466,700 49,852,300 2,300 400
Romania 127,381,800
6,955,000
118,503,800
3,503,700
256,344,300
12,100
1,270
Moldova 6,200,000
2,455,000
5,767,900
483,300
14,906,200
397
70
Ukraine
17,472,700 769,000 2,455,000 16,254,900 966,600 37,918,200 2,800 200
TOTAL
465,000,000 1,069,000 42,000,000 344,500,000 29,437,000 882,006,000 59,997 4,018
Total Expected Nutrient Reduction from Capital Investments and
118,576 tons N/y = 22 %
Investments for Non-structural Projects
16,156 tons P/y = 33 %
54
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
VII Incremental Costs
The description and calculation of baseline and incremental costs can adequately be done for technical
investment projects designed for the protection and management of international waters, respectively
the conservation of biodiversity. In these cases it is possible to determine for each expected output and
for each activity the respective baseline and incremental costs and analyze the resulting domestic and
global benefits.
In the case of the Danube Regional Project, "incremental" costs are considered to be the GEF project
cost (including PDF-B) of 5,350,000 USD. The special contributions of the ICPDR and the
participating countries for implementing the DRPC, which amount to 6,600,000 USD, are considered
as "incremental" co-financing costs. The Project, with a total financial support of 11,950,000 USD
will reinforce - in addition to the investments described under "baseline" cost - the capacities of the
ICPDR and the participating countries to address adequately the problem of nutrient reduction.
"Incremental" costs are specially defined to strengthen transboundary cooperation under the DRPC for
the development of national policies and legislation and the identification of jointly implemented
priority actions for nutrient reduction leading to the restoration of the Black Sea ecosystems.
For the definition of "baseline" costs directly related to the development of adequate monitoring and
enforcement systems at the national level, the results of the WRc Sector Case Study from 19935) have
been taken into account. According to this report, the present systems of monitoring are budget
inadequate, staff resources are overstretched and laboratory facilities overloaded. The report estimates
the annual cost of compliance for Bulgaria 10 million , Hungary 12 million , Romania 28 million
and Slovakia 6 million based on per capita cost of 1.16 at 1990 prices. Based on this information,
the total cost for compliance, also for those Danube countries, which are not yet in the approximation
process but which are undertaking special efforts to upgrade their legislation and mechanisms for
compliance with international and EU standards has been estimated at 186,000,000 USD for the
coming 2 years.
Other "baseline" costs, with a total of 416.9 million USD, but only indirectly related with project
activities, can be identified in relation to non-structural projects for the development of policies,
legislation, institutional mechanisms and enforcement systems, which are financed in the frame of
technical assistance projects from bilateral and international sources :
· Bilateral Assistance (USAID) and UNDP
17,869,000 USD
· International private organizations and NGOs
11,774,800 USD
· EU programme for Danube accession countries, 5 years period
137,800,000 USD
(10 % of the Phare Programme is estimated for non structural
measures)
Considering that the approximation process of the Danube countries will take between 10 and 20
years, including the introduction of new environmental standards in line with international and EU
directives, the "incremental" support of the Project will enhance the process with particular attention
to nutrient reduction and will considerably accelerate the development and implementation of policies,
regulations and adequate monitoring and enforcement systems for nutrient emissions and reduction of
nutrient loads discharged into the Black Sea.
Structural projects concerning actually planned investments in waste water treatment facilities,
wetland restoration, agricultural pilot projects and other environmental measures, contributing mostly
to pollution reduction from point sources or in-stream pollution reduction, amount to 12.6 billion
USD. To demonstrate the capital investments during the project period, investment figures as
presented in chapters 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 of the Project Brief have been theoretically adjusted, indicating
an amount of 5.1 billion USD for a period of 2 years. These capital investments are not contributing to
project implementation and therefore are not considered as baseline cost.
5 ) Sector Case Study, WRc, Report CO 3291/2, 1993
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
55
VIII Cost-effectiveness
Taking into account the social and economic development which will take place in the coming 10 to
20 years in the Danube transition countries and considering the EU approximation process and the
need to adapt environmental standards to international and EU directives, it is evident that investments
in environmental protection and management of resources are necessary to assure a sustainable
development in the countries of the Danube River Basin.
It is to be expected that most Danube countries - mainly those in transition will in the next five to
seven years see their GDP grow at an annual rate of 2 to 4 % ending up in five years from now at 10 to
20 % above its current level. This economic growth will be the result of economic recovery in
transition countries and new investments in industry, agriculture and services. The development and
implementation of adequate environmental standards and mechanisms for compliance is, therefore,
essential to assure sustainable development in the region.
The implementation of projects for waste water treatment in the urban and industrial sectors (including
agro-industries) is part of national investment programmes for pollution reduction from point sources,
summarized in the Five-Year Nutrient Reduction Action Plan and the Joint Action Plan of the ICPDR
respectively. According to these documents, capital investments will be about 4.4 billion (4.0 billion
USD). Considering EU engagements for accession countries and other multilateral and bilateral
assistance in the form of soft loans and grants (World Bank/GEF), the additional financial assistance
for implementation of structural projects will be 9.4 billion USD. These investments will lead to an
annual reduction of 58,600 tons of nitrogen and 12,100 tons of phosphorus representing 10.6 % and
24.8 % respectively of the total nutrient loads discharged into the Black Sea.
Non-point sources of pollution in relation to land use and agricultural activities represent about half of
all nutrients, in particular nitrogen, discharged into the Black Sea. It is assumed that through the
development and implementation of policies, legislation and mechanism for compliance, nutrient
emissions from non-point sources (land use and agriculture) can be considerably reduced. The actual
estimations in the Five-Year Nutrient Reduction Action Plan show that development and
implementation of appropriate policies and legislation will lead to a reduction of about 60,000 tons of
nitrogen and 4,000 tons of phosphorus, representing 10.9 % and 8.2 % respectively of total nutrient
loads discharged into the Black Sea.
The corresponding investments for the development of new policies, legislation and monitoring and
enforcements systems in line with international and EU directives are 913.9 million USD, out of
which the major part 465.0 million USD or 50.9 % is considered as national contributions and part
of direct baseline costs. 344.5 million USD or 37.7 % is provided from the EU Phare programme to
the accession countries and 72.5 million USD or 7.9 % is provided in the frame of international,
bilateral and non-governmental assistance. These investments for technical assistance are also baseline
cost but only indirectly related to project implementation measures.
Considering the GEF/ICPDR investment of 11.95 million USD for a period of 2 years and taking into
account additional investments of 19.9 million USD in the 2nd Phase of the project (July 2003 to June
2006), in the particular sector of nutrient reduction and restoration of the Black Sea ecosystems, the
benefits for nutrient reduction from non-point sources of pollution - 10.9 % for nitrogen and 8.2 % for
phosphorus - can be calculated as representing 20 % of the value for capital investments for nutrient
reduction in point sources projects of the Five Year Nutrient Reduction Action Plan, which is equal to
800.0 million USD, respectively 320.0 million USD for a period of 2 years6).
6 ) The Pollution Reduction Programme Report, GEF/Environmental Programme for the DRB, June 1999 indicates in its methodological
approach that 20 % of investments in WWTP are specified for nutrient reduction. Considering a total investments in the 5-YNRAP of 4.4
billion = 4.0 billion USD, 20 % of the investment = 800.0 million USD would be needed for pollution reduction from point sources. This
amount is considered as the comparative benefit for removal of nutrient also from non-point sources of pollution.
56
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The cost-effectiveness of this Project lies in the opportunity to improve water quality in general and to
reduce transboundary nutrient loads in particular, thus contributing to the rehabilitation of the Black
Sea ecosystems. Considering incremental cost of 11.95 million USD for the 1st Phase of the Project,
the benefits of the Project, at a cost-effectiveness ratio of 1:27 for the first two years period and of
1:25 for the full fives years period, are considerable in terms of its contribution to reducing and
mitigating serious damage to regional and globally important waters and ecosystems.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
57
IX Project
Risks
The success of two Regional Projects for the Danube and the Black Sea depends ultimately upon the
political willingness and the financial and technical means of the contracting parties and participating
countries to cooperate. This willingness depends not only on issues related to national or international
security but also on changing political and economic conditions of the countries involved. Risks for
the performance of the proposed Danube Regional Project might be occur in the following fields:
(i)
Commitment of the UNDP/GEF
Taking into account that the submission of the Strategic Partnership Programme for Nutrient
Reduction in the Black Sea and the Danube Basin to the GEF Council in November 2000 was deferred
due to resources constraints, the actual Project as prepared in 2000 with a total budget of 15 million
USD had to be split in two phases. The present Project Brief with a budget of 5 million USD, to be
approved by the GEF Council in May 2001, covers the 1st Phase of the Project from September 2001
to August 2003. The 2nd Phase, with a budget of 10 million USD, will cover the period from
September 2003 to August 2006. The 2nd tranche to be approved by the GEF Council in May 2002
includes 16 million USD for capacity building out of which 10 million are earmarked for the Danube
and 6 million for the Black Sea Programme. The approval of these funds is essential to assure the
continuation of the activities initiated in the 1st Phase of the project and to achieve the ultimate goals.
(ii)
Commitment of participating countries
At the institutional level the conditions for the implementation of the Danube Regional Project are
already set-up through the structures of the ICPDR, which have already been successfully utilized in
the frame of the Pollution Reduction Programme. Taking into account that financial inputs from the
participating countries are relatively small, there are probably no significant risks for project
performance. All Danube countries are prepared to deliver in-kind contributions in the frame of the
ICPDR Expert Groups and experience has shown that special in-kind contributions to the project
implementation are also voluntarily made available.
Considering political and administrative constraints and slow decision-making process, a certain risk
can be expected for the actual implementation of the findings and recommendations of the project,
especially regarding the issues of policy reforms and changes of legislation. Also administrative
obstacles might hamper the implementation of measures for exacting compliance.
(iii) Methodological
approach
The methodological approach as applied for the implementation of the proposed project components is
in line with the work programme of the ICPDR and corresponds national standards. It is therefore
unlikely to expect major problems. However, as mentioned in point (i), the ultimate goals of the
project will only be achieved if the funding for the 2nd Phase of the GEF assistance will be made
available in time.
For project implementation the choice of qualified experts is an essential prerequisite. Experts and
consultants should be familiar with the social and economic conditions in the Danube River Basin and
in the participating countries, knowledgeable about modern planning methodology and the efficient
organization of consultation meetings and workshops.
The scope for the organization of workshops and awareness building activities should be clearly
defined from the beginning and accepted by the participating countries; this should include the precise
definition and agreement for the selection of participants, which is a joint responsibility of the
stakeholders involved.
58
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
The same agreements have to be reached for the identification of sub-contractors and national
consultants, which should respond to defined levels of professional standards and be acceptable to the
ICPDR and the Executing Agency.
(iv)
Delivery of counterpart contribution and availability of information
Considering administrative and financial constraints, participating countries might not be able to
provide in time necessary data for the proposed project components and administrative support for
meetings and workshops.
Hence, requests for counterpart contribution are to be precisely defined and timely delivery has to be
agreed upon. The type of analysis and information needed has to be clearly identified in order to
assure the timely availability of precise and viable information.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
59
X
Institutional Frameworks and Implementation
X1 Institutional
Arrangements
Taking into account that there was a successful GEF project in operation for 6 years, which resulted in
a revised SAP (Common Platform for Development of National Policies and Actions for Pollution
Reduction under the DRPC), and a Pollution Reduction Programme for the DRB, it is proposed to
make utmost use of institutional mechanisms and structures which are already operational.
In this context it is proposed that the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
(ICPDR) will become the responsible organization for project implementation in cooperation with
UNOPS as executing agency. A Project Manager, under the supervision of the ICPDR Executive
Secretary, shall establish close cooperation with all participating countries, organize efficiently the
planning process and assure timely execution of all project components.
The ICPDR Steering Group(SG) should guide the implementation of the Danube Regional Project and
assure engagement and cooperation at the national level. For this purpose the ICPDR SG should meet :
· at the beginning of Phase 1 of the Project to review and define scope, planning approach and
work programme of the project;
· during project implementation use regular, twice a year, Steering Group meetings to review
and assess the progress, to evaluate completed project components and to make
recommendations for the continuation and/or adjustment of activities;
· at the end of Phase 1 of the Project to assess and approve the final results at a joint review
meeting and to re-examine the planned activities of the 2nd Phase of the Project.
Regarding the elaboration of detailed scope of work and actual performance of the various project
components it is proposed to use the professional competence and country specific experience of the
existing Expert Groups established under the ICPDR : EMIS, MLIM, AEPWS, the newly created
Expert Group for River Basin Management and implementation of the EU Water Framework
Directive (RBM EG) and the Ad-hoc Ecological Expert Group (ECO EG).
At the central level, the
Project Manager, in
Institutional Arrangements
cooperation with the
ICPDR
UNDP / GEF
WB Partnership
EU
ICPDR Executive
Secretary and following
the directives of the
Germany
Steering Group, will
Austria
ICPDR Steering
ICPBS
have the mandate to
Czech Republic
Group
organize and coordinate
Slovakia
the planning process
Hungary
and implementation
Joint
Slovenia
ICPDR Permanent
Black Sea
DB-BS
activities and to assure,
Secretariat (PS)
PIU
Croati a
WG
under UNOPS
Bulgaria
direction, the proper
Danube Regional
Black Sea Regional
Romani a
management of the
Project
Project
GEF project funds.
Moldova
Ukraine
ICPDR - International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
European Commission
ICPBS - International Commission for the Protection of the Black Sea
Black Sea PIU - Black Sea Programme Implementation Unit
Bosnia i Herzegovina
Joint DB-BS EG - Joint Danube Basin - Black Sea Working Group
UNDP/GEF - United Nations Development Programme/Global Environment Facility
Yugoslavia
WB - World Bank
60
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
At the national level it is proposed to incorporate as far as possible the professional competence,
experience and knowledge of the Country Programme Coordinators (CPC) assigned in the framework
of the previous GEF-Pollution Reduction Programme.
During Phase 1 of the project, "Inter-ministerial Committees" will be put in place to assure that all
technical, administrative and financial departments are involved to facilitate and coordinate the
implementation of policies, legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and pollution control.
At the regional level, a Joint Danube Basin-Black Sea Working Group (DB-BS/WG) shall assure
proper coordination of activities between the Danube Project, the Black Sea Project and the W.B.
Partnership Programme. Besides this coordinating role of project activities, the WG shall also follow-
up the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding for the Protection of the Black Sea
agreed upon by the two Commissions. The Joint DB-BS Working Group shall meet at least twice a
year after the respective Steering Group meetings of the two Commissions.
According to the broad spectrum of activities it is envisaged that most of the particular project
components should be carried out by consultant services (on the basis of sub-contracts for
international consulting companies and individual consultants from the DRB countries). Objectives,
scope and terms of reference will have to be defined in close co-operation with the respective Expert
Groups of the ICPDR and approved by the Steering Group Meeting.
In this case the project personnel employed on a fixed term basis and located in the offices of the
ICPDR Permanent Secretariat can be restricted to :
· one Project Manager, specialist in environmental policy, with particular experience in
institutional arrangements and water pollution legislation and knowledge of EU environmental
directives and guidelines and nutrient issues;
· one specialist for awareness raising, organization of training courses and follow up of NGO
activities, in particular implementation of the Small Grants Programme;
· one project administrator, with particular experience in budgeting, follow-up of expenditures
and establishment of contracts;
· one technical expert for data management
· one administrative project assistant (support staff).
For specific tasks, conceptualization of activities and evaluation of results, highly specialized
international consultants shall be assigned.
X2 Monitoring and Evaluation
Project objectives, activities outputs and emerging issues will be regularly reviewed and evaluated by
the competent bodies of the executing and implementing agencies (UNDP/GEF and UNOPS) and the
ICPDR.
During the 1st Phase of the Project, a Monitoring and Evaluation System shall be developed and
indicators for pollution reduction (process and stress indicators) and environmental status indicators
will be defined. Progress indicators for project implementation are defined in the Logical Frame
Matrix and will be revised at the initial phase of the Project to relate to specific activities and outputs
of project components. Taking into account that in Phase 1 in most cases only intermediary results will
be achieved and considering that the timeframe is relatively short, only process indicators can
reasonably be applied. Final results, in measurable terms of stress reduction and environmental status
will be reached in Phase 2 of the Project (5 years after begin of project activities). Annex 2.2 shows
measurable indicators for Phase 2 of the Project demonstrating environmental impact and allowing
final evaluation of project implementation measures. 90,000.00 USD, representing 1.8 % of the
project budget is earmarked for the development of indicators for project monitoring and impact
evaluation.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
61
The annual review will focus on performance (effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness) and evaluate
the results in applying the defined progress indicators. At the ICPDR Steering Group Meeting, the
Project will submit and present an APR (Annual Project/Programme Report) in line with UNDP
requirements and also participate in the GEF's PIR (Project Implementation Review) exercise each
year.
The project will be subject to an external Project Performance Review at the end of the two-years
project period. On these occasions an independent consultant team shall make an overall assessment of
the project advancement and prepare an independent evaluation. During this review the team should
pay particular attention to formulating recommendations for adjustments of procedures and activities
of the 2nd Project Phase as needed.
Members of the ICPDR Steering Group should meet after the external review to evaluate project
performance and make recommendations for the continuation and/or adjustment of activities in the 2nd
Phase and should assess and approve the final results of the joint review meeting.
At the end of the 2nd project period, the project team, under the guidance of the ICPDR Permanent
Secretariat, shall prepare a Project Performance Evaluation Report, which should be endorsed by the
ICPDR Plenary Session.
X3 Implementation
Schedule
A provisional implementation schedule for the proposed Phase 1 Danube Regional Project is presented
in Annex 5.
The project is supposed to start in the second half of 2001 and have a total duration of 24 months. This
period includes a project mobilization phase of four months for putting in place the institutional
structures and for the organizational preparation of project activities.
Each project component has a preparatory phase of two-to-three months and a consolidation phase of
two-to-three months at the end of Phase 1 of the Project. This arrangement facilitates the preparation
of the 2nd Project Phase from September 2003 to August 2006.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
63
B. Prior Obligations and Legal Context
UNDP is implementing the project in consultation with the ICPDR. The Governments of all eligible
participating States have taken all preparatory measures, including budgetary allocations for
government contribution and have designated senior officials as GEF Focal Points. All contracting
parties to the ICPDR, including Germany, Austria and the European Commission have indicated their
commitment to actively support the implementation of the project.
The Heads of Delegations of the Contracting Parties to the DRPC, the Signatories of the DRPC and
the Observer States are leading the process of project implementation at the national level.
At the regional level, the Steering Group of the ICPDR will ensure efficient coordination of project
implementation.
There are no further prerequisites or obligations to be fulfilled prior to UNDP approval of the project.
Implementation arrangements between UNOPS as the executing agency and the ICPDR have to be
developed and agreed upon by both parties.
The following types of revisions may be made to this project document with the signature of the
UNDP only, provided the organization is assured that the other signatories of the project document
have no objections to the proposed changes:
Revision in, or addition of, any of the annexes to the project document.
Revisions which do not involve significant changes in the immediate objectives, outputs or
activities of the project, but are caused by the rearrangement of the inputs already agreed to or
by cost increases due to inflation
Mandatory annual revisions, which rephrase the delivery of agreed, project inputs or increased
expert or other costs due to inflation or taking into account agency expenditures flexibility.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
65
C. Implementation
Arrangements
Taking into account that GEF projects have been successfully implemented since 1993 in the frame of
the Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin and in cooperation with the structures of
the ICPDR, it is proposed to make utmost use of institutional mechanisms and structures, which are
already operational.
International level
In this context it is proposed that the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
(ICPDR) will become the responsible counterpart organization for project implementation in
cooperation with UNOPS as the executing agency. A Project Manager, under the guidance of the
ICPDR Executive Secretary, shall establish close cooperation with all participating countries, organize
efficiently the planning process and assure timely execution of all project components.
Regional level
The Project Manager, in cooperation with the ICPDR Executive Secretary and following the directives
of the Steering Group, will have the mandate to organize and coordinate the planning process and
implementation activities and to assure, under UNOPS direction, the proper management of the GEF
project funds.
The project personnel employed on a fixed term basis (core staff) and located in the offices of the
ICPDR Permanent Secretariat are the following (see ToR in Section D) :
· one Project Manager, specialist in environmental policy, with particular experience in
institutional arrangements and water pollution legislation and knowledge in implementation of
EU environmental directives and guidelines and in nutrient issues;
· one Environmental Specialist with experience in public participation, awareness raising,
organization of training courses and follow up of NGO activities with particular attention to
the implementation of the Small Grants Programme;
· one Project Administrator, with particular experience in budgeting, follow-up of expenditures
and establishment of contracts;
· one technical expert in data management
· one administrative project assistant (support staff).
Regarding the elaboration of detailed scope of work and actual performance of the various project
components it is proposed to use the professional competence and country specific experience of the
existing Expert Groups established under the ICPDR : EMIS, MLIM, AEPWS, newly created Expert
Groups for River Basin Management, which also coordinates the implementation of the EU Water
Framework Directive (RBM EG) and the Ad-hoc Ecological Expert Group (ECO EG).
National level
At the national level it is proposed to incorporate as far as possible the professional competence,
experience and knowledge of the Country Programme Coordinators (CPC) assigned in the framework
of the previous GEF-Pollution Reduction Programme.
During Phase 1 of the project, "Inter-ministerial Committees" will be put in place to assure that all
technical, administrative and financial departments are involved to facilitate and coordinate the
implementation of policies, legislation and projects for nutrient reduction and pollution control. The
national GEF Focal Points will cooperate in the "Inter-ministerial Committees".
Inter-regional Cooperation
At the inter-regional level, a Joint Danube Basin-Black Sea Working Group (DB-BS WG) shall assure
proper coordination of activities between the Danube Project, the Black Sea Project and the W.B.
Partnership Programme. Besides this coordinating role of project activities, the WG shall also follow-
up the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding for the Protection of the Black Sea
agreed upon by the two Commissions. The Joint DB-BS Working Group shall meet at least twice a
year after the respective Steering Group meetings of the two Commissions.
66
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Private Sector Involvement
All project components related to nutrient reduction from agricultural and industrial activities require
close cooperation and involvement of the private sector. Development and implementation of pilot
projects for the introduction of best agricultural practices and nutrient reduction from diffuse sources
of pollution can only be successful if the private sector is proactively involved in the preparation of
project activities. Local communities shall be involved in wetland rehabilitation schemes and in
development of mechanisms for appropriate land use. Particular attention will also be given to involve
the private sector in the development of policies and introduction of best available techniques
including cleaner technologies in the industrial sector.
Managers of selected industrial and agricultural enterprises and representatives of professional
associations and research institutions will participate in training seminars and workshops where sector
related policies and measures for nutrient reduction and pollution control will be discussed and
respective recommendations will be developed.
Within the frame of private sector involvement, special focus is also given to the strengthening of non-
governmental organizations. The re-establishment of the Danube Environmental Forum (DEF) as an
umbrella organization for all Danube NGOs was an essential contribution of the previous GEF
assistance to ensure public participation in the planning and implementation process. Further, the GEF
Small Grants Programme has facilitated the implementation of community-based projects in the
middle and lower Danube countries. It is thus assured that the existing structures of local NGOs and
the DEF will play an important role in the implementation of the GEF Danube Regional Project and in
the development and application of new policies and regulations to improve water quality and to
assure rational use of resources.
Taking into account the importance of involving the private sector in all major project activities, the
project personnel includes an Environmental Specialist with particular experience in public
participation, awareness raising and strengthening of NGO activities to maintain good cooperation
between governmental bodies and the public, as well as sustainability of project results.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
67
Project Implementation Chart
for Institutional Cooperation
ICPDR
UNDP/GEF
UNOPS
International
Level
Coimplementing Agency
Implementing Agency
Executing Agency
Regional
Steering Group
Project Management
Level
(ICPDR; UNDP/GEF; UNOPS)
ICPDR Expert Groups
ICPDR Permanent
Secretariat
Inter-regional
Joint Danube Black
Cooperation
Sea Working Group
ICPBS / Black Sea
World Bank
PIU Black Sea
Partnership
Regional Project
National
Level
Heads of Delegations
(Country Project Coordinators)
Inter-ministerial
Private Sector
Committees
Technical
Governmental
Proffessional
NGOs
Ministries
Bodies
Associations and
(DEF...)
Institutions
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
69
MATRIX OF RESPONSIBILITIES
ACTIVITIES /TASKS
UNDP CO
UNDP/GEF UNOPS
CTA
ICPDR
(Proj.Office)
(PS/EG)
COMPONENT 10
BL 1101 1103 International Staff
Preparation of TOR for international team
available in prodoc
Short listing and selection of candidates (CTA)
X
X
X
Final Approval of Selection
X
X
X
Contract signing and administration
X
Performance Evaluation
X
X X
Post (re-) classification
X
Leave monitoring
X
X
Separation process
X
BL 1151 1158 International Consultants
Terms of Reference (drafting)
X X
TOR Reviewed
X
X
Screens and selects candidate
X
X
Raise and issue contract
X
Contract administration
X
Performance evaluation
X X
Payments
X
BL 1701 1707 National Professional Personnel
Terms of Reference (drafting)
X X
TOR Reviewed
X
X
Screens and selects candidate
X X
Authorization of funds to CO (RBEC)
X
Raise and issue contract
X
Contract administration
X
Performance evaluation
X X
Payments
X
BL 1301 and 1351 Admin. Support Staff
Terms of Reference available in Prodo
TOR Reviewed
X
Screens and selects candidate
X
Contract administration
X
Performance evaluation
X
Payments
X
BL 1501 1503 Duty travel
Issuance of travel authorization
X
Booking and purchase of tickets
X
Hotel Reservation
X
Settlement of travel claim
X
BL 1601 1602 Mission costs UNDP
Issuance of travel authorization
X
Booking and purchase of tickets
X
Hotel Reservation
X
Settlement of travel claim
X
70
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
ACTIVITIES /TASKS
UNDP CO
UNDP/GEF UNOPS
CTA
ICPDR
(Proj.Office)
(PS/EG)
COMPONENT 20
Subcontracts
Preparation of statement of work/ TOR/tender
X
X X
documents/appraisal criteria
Advertisement/or issuing invitation to bid if
X
X
applicable
Short listing of potential subcontractor
X
X X
Appraisal of proposals and recommendation for
X
X X
award of contract
Negotiation and signing of contract
X
X
Sub contract administration (time & budget)
X
X
COMPONENT 30
Fellowships and Trainings
Organizing workshop/training
X X
Authorizing workshop/training
X
Payments
X
COMPONENT 40
Internat. Procurement of Equipment & Supplies
Preparation of equipment requirements list
X
X)
Preparation of detailed specifications
X
X)
Pre-qualification and short-listing
X
Evaluation of bids
X
Issuance of purchase order
X
Inspection of delivery/customs clearance
X
Payment to supplier
X
Inventory bookkeeping
X
X
Local Procurement
Preparation of equipment requirements list
X
X)
Preparation of detailed specifications
X
X)
Pre-qualification and short-listing
X
Evaluation of bids
X
Issuance of authorization
X
Issuance of purchase order
X
Inspection of delivery/customs clearance
X
Payment to supplier
X
Inventory bookkeeping
X
X
COMPONENT 50
Printing and Publications
Selection of reports for publication
X X
Approval of selected publications
X
Issuance of contract/authorizations
X
Payment
X
WORKPLANNING
Preparation of 6-monthly work plan
X
Feedback and Approval
X
X
X
) Equipment to support ICPDR activities
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
71
ACTIVITIES /TASKS
UNDP CO
UNDP/GEF UNOPS
CTA
ICPDR
(Proj.Office)
(PS/EG)
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT /
ADMINISTRATION
Formal submission of budget to UNDP and UNOPS
X
X
(costing of workplans) (monthly expenditure
statement)
Budget revision/re-phasing & record keeping
X
X
X
Transfer of funds / authorization based on approved
X
work plan
Financial reporting to external donors
Establishment and maintenance of filing and other
X
X
internal control systems (daily programme activities)
REPORTING, MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Preparation of quarterly progress reports
X
Review and feedback of report
X
X
X
Planning and coordination of APR
X
X
X
Preparation of APR report
X
Comments on the APR report
X
X
X
Preparation on PIR
X
Comments on PIR report
X
X
Organize TPR
X
Follow-up to TPR and APR
X
X X
PROJECT CLOSURE
Preparation of terminal, financial and review reports
X
X
Preparation of ToR for Final Evaluation
X
Review of evaluation ToR and process
X
X X
Selection of evaluation team
X
X
X
Contracting of evaluation team
X
Submission of evaluation report to OE/ GEF Sec
X
Final budget revision
X
Closure of accounts and transfer of unspent balances
X
to activities in Phase 2
Transfer of equipment to Phase 2
X
Final Audit and Terminal Report
X
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
79
E. Terms of Reference for Implementation of
Project Components (Sub-contracts)
For the implementation of most of the Project activities Project Components have been developed for
those cases where sub-contracts have to be established. These Project Components respond to one or
several project objectives respectively outputs. Reference is therefore made to the Project
Management Sheets. After the inception phase (development of the work program) the Project
Manager has to review the Project Components, which serve as Terms of Reference for the
establishment of subcontracts. The ToR and the conditions of sub-contracts have to be discussed and
agreed upon with the ICPDR and in particular it's Expert Groups.
Sub-contracts should be tendered according to UN procedures; contracts will then be issued by the
Executing Agency (UNOPS).
All project activities as described in the Project Management Sheets and which are not described in
Project Components, will be executed by international and national consultants under the direct
guidance and supervision of the Project Manger. Also these activities have to be in line with the work
programme and the requirements of the ICPDR and its Expert Groups.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
81
PROJECT COMPONENT 1
Development and Implementation of Policy Guidelines for River Basin and
Water Resources Management (Output 1.1)
A
Background Information
In most central and downstream DRB countries, the development of water-related policies and legal
instruments are still in the phase of preparation and it is obvious that there are significant deficiencies
in the existing policy framework. Most of these countries are in the EU accession process and have to
adjust their legal frame to meet the EU directives and regulations and assure compliance.
Considering the DRPC´s mandate to assure sustainable water management in the DRB and taking into
account the central role of the river basin management in implementing the new EU Water Framework
Directive, there is a substantial need to facilitate the development of river basin management plans in
the Danube River Basin and in its sub-basin areas. These river basin management plans will have to
deal with nutrient reduction from point- and non-point sources.
B Objectives
/Tasks
To assure efficient implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and a coherent approach to
River Basin Management, the ICPDR has set up a specialized Expert Group to develop guidelines for
the elaboration of the River Basin Management Plans, their implementation and the development of
institutional and legal mechanisms. Two workshops have been organized in the frame of the EC Phare
assistance programme and case study material had been prepared. These elements will be integrated in
the proposed activities of the GEF-DRP.
During the Phase 1 of the Danube Project concepts and analytical material will be prepared, which
later during Phase 2 of the Project will be implemented in form of national contributions, pilot projects
and workshops on river basin management and implementation of the EU WFD.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity Time
Frame
1.1-1
Identifying River Basin District (RBD), in particular the Jan 2002-Aug 2003
assignment of coastal waters and groundwater bodies;
1.1-2
Developing common approaches and methodologies for pressure
Jan 2002-Aug 2002
and impact analysis;
1.1-3
Implementing the common approaches and methodologies for
Aug 2002-Aug 2003
pressure and impact analysis at the national level (will be
completed in Phase 2);
1.1-4
Applying the EU Guidelines for economic analysis and arrive at
Mar 2002-Aug 2003
the overall economic analysis for the Danube Basin (will be
completed in Phase 2);
1.1-6
Developing RBM tools (mapping, GIS, remote sensing, etc.) and
Mar 2002-Aug 2003
related data management, including the arriving at the typology of
surface waters and the relevant reference conditions (will be
completed in Phase 2);
1.1-7
Identifying pilot river basins and apply common approaches, Mar 2002-Aug 2003
methodologies, standards and guidelines, in observing also the
link to the Working Groups of the European Commission (will be
completed in Phase 2);
82
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Ref. Activity Time
Frame
1.1-9
Develop concepts and programmes for workshops and training
Aug 2002-Aug 2003
courses in order to produce the River Basin Management Plan and
to strengthen basin-wide cooperation (will be completed in
Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.1-1 Map of the River Danube Basin District with groundwater bodies
1.1-2 Overall concept for a step by step introduction of a common approach for the different
DRB countries
1.1-3 Concept for a common approach for pressure and impact analysis at the national level
1.1-4 Concept for economic analysis and environmental cost-benefit analysis in line with the EU
guidelines
1.1-6 Concept for a basin-wide GIS, including maps on the typology of surface waters and their
reference conditions
1.1-7 1. Pilot river basins identified
2. Concepts for common approaches, methodologies, standards and guidelines defined
1.1-9 1. Programmes and contents for workshops and training sessions determined
2. Workshops and seminars implemented ; appropriate workshop documentation available
E Implementation
Arrangements
The activities of the special Expert Groups set up by the ICPDR shall be supported by international
expertise in order to develop standardized methodologies and guidelines for sub-river basin
management plans and a methodology for the aggregation of the sub-river basin management plans to
a basin wide management concept. This should take into consideration EU-WFD and GEF IW
strategies to develop guidelines for particular sub-river basins to reinforce transboundary cooperation.
The country specific data and information have to be provided by national consultants /experts
according to the provisions provided by the EG and the international consultant.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
1. International consultants with expertise in water sector planning and particular expertise in
EU water sector legislation;
2. National experts with expertise in water sector planning and particular expertise in EU
water sector legislation.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
83
PROJECT COMPONENT 2
Development of policies for nutrient reduction from agriculture, wetland
restoration and implementation of pilot projects (Outputs 1.2; 1.3; 1.4)
Output 1.2
A Background
information
According to the Transboundary Analysis (1999), it is assumed that about half of nutrients discharged
in the Danube Basin to the fine web of the river network come from agricultural non point sources of
pollution.
B
Objectives and main tasks
Assisting the DRB countries in designing new agricultural non-point source pollution control policies
and legislation ("sustainable agriculture") as well as compliance and enforcement plans in line with the
existing and emerging (including EU accession) national legislation.
In the Phase 1 of the Project, a first analysis should be based on a revised "hot spot" inventory of point
and non-point sources of pollution and take into account the findings and recommendations of the
field-based demonstration programmes conducted in Eastern European countries with the support of
the EU and GEF.
The project will update the information on the use of agrochemicals and identify specific policy and
legal measures to assist the participating countries in meeting their obligations to reduce agricultural
point and non-point source pollution.
For EU accession countries, specific programmes will be developed that will assist them in meeting
their obligations under the EU Environment and Water Framework Directive, as well as the
requirements of the important Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC).
In Phase 2 of the Project policy and legal recommendations will be worked out for DRB governments
to reinforce the introduction of "best agricultural practice" and to optimise the use of agrochemicals
The main focus of this assistance is to identify for each DRB country the main administrative,
institutional and funding deficiencies and to develop priority reform measures for policies which are
expected to best support the integration of environmental concerns into farm management ("best
agricultural practices"), including improvements in the handling of manure and sludge from livestock
operations, minimization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promotion of improved tillage
methods, management of restored wetlands and buffer zones as well as farmer education and outreach
activities.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.2-1
Up-dating the basin-wide inventory on agricultural point and
Mar 2002- June 2003
non-point sources of pollution "hot spots" in line with EMIS
emission inventory;
1.2-2
Reviewing the relevant legislation, existing policy programmes
Mar 2002- June 2003
and actual state of enforcement in the DRB with respect to
promotion and application of best agricultural practices (will be
completed in Phase 2);
84
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.2-3
Reviewing the inventory on important agrochemicals (nutrients
Mar 2002- June 2003
etc.) in terms of quantities of utilization, their misuse in
application, their environmental impacts and potential for
reduction (followed in Phase 2);
1.2-4
Identifying the main institutional, administrative and funding Mar 2002- June 2003
deficiencies (including complementary measures) to reduce
pollutants;
1.2-5
Introducing or, where existing, further developing concepts for
Mar 2002- June 2003
the application of best agricultural practices in all DRB countries,
by taking into account country-specific traditional, social and
economic issues, and the ECE recommendations (will be
completed in Phase 2).
1.2-6
Discussing the new concepts for the application of best
Mar 2002- June 2003
agricultural practices in all DRB countries with and
disseminating results to governments, farming communities and
NGOs in the basin
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.2-1 Up-dated basin-wide inventory on agricultural point and non-point sources of pollution "hot
spots"
1.2-2 Summary report on agricultural policies and state of enforcement in the DRB countries
1.2-3 Summary report on use of agrochemicals in the DRB countries
1.2-4 Report on main deficiencies and proposals for institutional, administrative and financial
mechanisms suited to assure appropriate land use and agriculture
1.2-5 Report on existing situation and draft concepts for policy development and implementation
of best agricultural practice in the DRB countries
1.2-6 Workshop on new concepts for the application of best agricultural practices implemented;
appropriate workshop documentation adequately disseminated
Output 1.3
A Background
Information
This pilot project component has to be considered as complementary to the above-described policy
component, which also includes the updating of the list of point and non-point sources of pollution
with particular attention to agricultural "hot spots". It is particularly focusing on adequate handling of
manure and on the practical introduction of organic farming methods. Agricultural point sources (e.g.
large pig farms), including inappropriate handling of manure, are estimated to supply 2.5% and 6.8 %,
respectively, of the nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the Danube River Basin.
The initial project review of existing national programmes promoting best agricultural practice should
be based on and take into account the findings and recommendations of the field-based demonstration
programmes conducted in Eastern European countries with the support of the European Union and
GEF.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
85
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
Assist the DRB countries (especially in the lower Danube basin) with the development of low-input
agriculture and with pilot programmes for agricultural pollution reduction, in line with existing and
emerging (including EU accession) national environmental legislation.
Specific needs to improve agricultural practices and relevant sites for demonstration activities on
manure handling should be identified in practical concepts for each DRB country. Focus countries for
pilot projects (training and institutional development of best agricultural practice) should be Ukraine,
Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Bosnia & Herzegovina.
The implementation of the prioritized pilot projects will be carried out in Phase 2.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.3-1
Analyzing existing programmes and pilot projects promoting best
Mar 2002 - Feb 2003
agricultural practice (especially regarding animal farming and
manure handling, as well as organic farming) in DRB countries,
and assess nutrient reduction capacities;
1.3-2
Developing practical concepts for the introduction respectively
Mar 2002 - Feb 2003
promotion of appropriate agricultural practices and manure
handling in the central and downstream DRB countries by taking
into account national demand and international markets and ECE
recommendations;
1.3-3
Preparing and implementing for the central and lower DRB
Sept 2002 -June 2003
countries typical pilot projects (especially in UA, MD, RO, BG,
YU and B-H) to train and support farmers in the application of
best agricultural practice (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.3-4
Organizing workshops dealing with the needs of new pilot
Mar 2003 -June 2003
activities for best agricultural practices (will be completed in
Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.3-1 1. Report on existing programs and pilot projects and proposals for the development of
pilot projects
2. Priority list of identified needs for new pilot activities (especially for the 6 DRB
countries Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Bosnia & Hercegovina
1.3-2 1. Practical concepts for the introduction of best agricultural practice in DRB countries;
code for best agricultural practice for manure handling
2. Priority list of identified institutional support requirements in the particular DRB
countries
1.3-3 Proposals for implementation of pilot projects
1.3-4 Workshops dealing with the needs of new pilot activities for best agricultural practices
implemented, appropriate workshop proceedings broadly disseminated
86
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Output 1.4
A Background
Information
In the case of conflicting land use, priorities were in the past usually set on extension and
intensification of human settlement and economic activities, with the consequence that ecologically
sensitive areas/wetlands were steadily impacted in their function or completely disappeared.
B
Objectives and Main Tasks
Assist the DRB countries to prepare new land use and wetlands rehabilitation/protection policies and
legislation, and compliance and enforcement mechanisms in line with the existing and emerging
(including EU accession) environmental legislation;
The present project component shall address questions in relation to typical situations of inappropriate
land use resulting from municipal settlement, agricultural activities, hydraulic structures and their
impact on ecologically sensitive areas and wetlands and effects of transboundary pollution with
particular attention to nutrients and toxic substances. Standardized concepts shall be developed for the
rehabilitation of selected sensitive areas/wetlands and for an integrated land use especially around
these wetlands.
In Phase 2 of the Project, these concepts shall be implemented and required policy, legal and
institutional reforms shall be applied for integrated land use as models for the DRB.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.4-1
Define methodology for integrated land use assessment around
Mar 2002-June 2003
wetlands (called "wetland areas");
1.4-2
Carry out case studies for selected wetland areas and assess
Aug 2002-June 2003
inappropriate land use (e.g. forestry, settlements and
development zones, agriculture and hydraulic structures);
1.4-3
Develop alternative concepts and strategies for achieving
Mar 2002-June 2003
integrated land use and management in chosen wetland areas,
including required actions and measures (regulatory and legal
issues, economic fines and incentives, compensation payments,
etc.) (will be completed in Phase 2).
1.4-5
Disseminate project results in the Danube river basin through
Mar 2002-June 2003
workshops on benefits and methodology of integrated river
basin land use for wetlands (will be completed in Phase 2).
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
87
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.4-1 Methodology for integrated land use assessment around wetlands defined; typical river
wetland areas selected and proposed
1.4-2 Case studies, supported by local stakeholders, for the selected river basins and wetland areas
(present and planned land uses)
1.4-3 Three concepts and strategies for appropriate land use in selected wetland areas, including
proposals for required reforms
1.4-5 Workshops on benefits and methodology of integrated river basin land use for wetlands
implemented, appropriate workshop proceedings broadly disseminated
E
Implementation Arrangements for 1.2; 1.3; 1.4
The project activities should be carried out under the responsibility of an international consulting firm
with particular expertise in both international environment policy and legislation, in the promotion and
practises of sustainable agriculture, in the agricultural technologies applied in Central and Eastern
European countries (specifically manure treatment) and the rehabilitation of riverine wetlands.
The country-specific data and information have to be provided by national consultants / experts
according to the provisions specified by the international consultant.
The project activities should be carried out in close communication with the ICPDR expert groups
(EMIS/MLIM/RBM); the relevant local and national agricultural institutions, WWF, the Ramsar
Convention Secretariat, and national experts from the chosen areas.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
The subcontractor (international and national experts) should have competence in both conventional
and sustainable agriculture (policy and practices) and experience in practical aspects of sustainable
agriculture (conversion to low-input and organic farming; reduction of manure; finance and
marketing).
Further, the subcontractor (international and national consultants) should also have competence in
wetland issues, environmental impact assessment, economic incentives and land use planning. Further
expertise is required from previous projects in Central and Eastern European countries.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
89
PROJECT COMPONENT 3
Industrial reform and development of policies and legislation for
application of BAT (Best Available Techniques) towards reduction of
nutrients and dangerous substances (Output 1.5)
A
Background Information
Industrial reform is one of the most urgent and most critical issues in most central and lower DRB
countries and can certainly not be efficiently initiated by an environmental program of this scale.
Considering that industrial production in transition countries is actually very low, it is not surprising,
that industry generates only respectively 5 and 8 % of nitrogen and phosphorus that enter the Danube
River.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
Assist the DRB countries in the development of new industrial nutrient/toxics pollution control
policies and legislation and compliance enforcement mechanisms in line with the existing and
emerging (including EU legislation) national legislation.
Taking into account the expected revitalization of industries, it is necessary to focus on industrial
policies and on a review of legislation in order to ensure that environmental considerations are
adequately taken into account and that mechanisms for compliance are put in place.
The project should also address the problem of industrial "hot spots" in relation to Significant Impact
Areas (SIA) as identified in the Transboundary Analysis, to determine transboundary nutrients and
toxics pollution from particular industries and identify possible solutions (BAT - best available
techniques including cleaner technologies, treatment process, etc.) to reduce the emissions of toxic
substances and nutrients in particular.
The subject of this component is closely related to the work of the EMIS/EG, therefore the project
component should closely cooperate with the envisaged UNIDO-TEST MSP to ensure that
interventions at the policy/legislative and at the technical (demonstration) levels are complementary.
While Phase 1 of the Project focuses on the identification of gaps and opportunities for reforms, Phase
2 will develop pilot applications of BAT concepts in selected countries.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.5-1
Up-dating the basin-wide inventory on industrial and mining "hot
Mar 2002-June 2003
spots" (EMIS inventory) for nutrient and toxic substances;
1.5-2
Reviewing data and information on the actual status of industrial Mar 2002-June 2003
production techniques involving nutrients (N and P) and dangerous
substances in the DRB countries;
1.5-3
Reviewing policies and relevant existing and future legislation for
Mar 2002-June 2003
industrial pollution control and identification enforcement
mechanisms on a country level (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.5-4
Comparing and identifying gaps between relevant EU and national
Sept 2002-June 2003
legislation (will be completed in Phase 2);
90
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.5-5
Developing complementing policy and legal measures for the
Sept 2002-June 2003
introduction of BAT taking into account regulatory and legal
issues, awareness raising, financial fines and incentives, etc
(followed in Phase 2);
1.5-6
Identifying, in relation to Significant Impact Areas, industrial "hot
Sept 2002-Feb 2003
spots" having a significant impact on water resources and water
quality (will be completed in Phase 2);
1.5-8
Organizing workshops with participants from relevant ministries,
Sept 2002-Feb 2003
industrial managers, banking institutions, introducing information
on best available technologies, financial support, etc. (followed in
Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.5-1 Up-dated basin-wide inventory
1.5-2 DRB reports on outdated techniques by sectors and inventory of status of industrial plants
1.5-3 DRB report on legislative and policy measures and enforcement mechanisms
1.5-4 DRB report on gaps between EU and national legislation and guidelines for improvement
1.5-5 DRB report on relevant complementary measures
1.5-6 Report on SIAs and priority list of industrial plants with outdated technologies (polluters)
1.5-8 1. Workshop and training programs prepared, target groups identified
2. Workshop introducing information on best available technologies, financial support, etc
implemented; appropriate workshop documentation broadly disseminated
E Implementation
Arrangements
The project activities should basically be carried out in coordination with the EMIS-EG, supported by
an international consultant with particular expertise in EU water sector legislation. In this context, the
execution of this project component through an international consulting firm or a inter-agency
agreement with UNIDO should be considered.
The country-specific data and information have to be provided by national consultants / experts
according to the guidelines provided by the EG, respectively the international consultant.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
UNIDO has profound expertise in industrial and mining sectors with particular attention to
environment-friendly techniques / technologies with water sector relevance.
Particular expertise in EU water sector legislation is also required.
National industrial experts with expertise in environment-friendly techniques / technologies with water
sector relevance are needed.
UNIDO, in cooperation with the ICPDR Expert Groups should assure overall coordination and
execution of this project component and integrate this activity in it's ongoing TEST programme,
which is equally financed by GEF.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
91
PROJECT COMPONENT 4
Policy reform and legislation considering economic instruments (water
tariffs, pollution charges, fines and incentives) (Output 1.6, 1.7)
Output 1.6
A
Background Information
The funding of water sector-related investments and the cost coverage for the operation of WWTP in
the DRB countries largely depends on economically and socially acceptable water and waste water
tariffs. An assessment of water and waste water tariffs is currently being conducted with financial
support from the Austrian Environmental GEF Trust Fund.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
Assist the DRB countries in the development of new tariff systems to facilitate cost-covering
operations of water and waste water services (including WWTPs with third stage for nutrient
reduction) and to encourage respective investment decisions.
Based on the results of the ongoing study on water and waste water tariffs, which will be available in
June 2001, policy and legislative measures shall be developed for interested DRB countries to assure
the introduction of economically and socially acceptable tariffs. This project component shall help to
improve the investment possibilities for reduction of nutrients and toxic substances.
The implementation of new policy and legislative measures can make a substantial contribution
towards increasing internal funds and releasing public budgets and can thus facilitate the provision of
baseline contributions for new investment projects in transboundary nutrient reduction and pollution
control.
Phase 1 of the Project will focus on developing country-specific concepts for tariff reforms while the
Phase 2 will analyse and finalize these results in cooperation with all national stakeholders.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.6-1
Analyzing significant differences /deficiencies regarding water Jan 2002-Feb 2003
sector relevant legislation, level of tariffs, status of metering, level
of illegal and unaccounted for consumption, collection rate, etc.;
assessing the potential for the increase of revenues of the companies
operating in the water and waste water sector;
1.6-2
Developing appropriate concepts for tariff reforms aimed at cost
Sept 2002-June 2003
covering models in line with the EU WFD (on a country level):
1.6-4
Organize a basin-wide workshop on the introduction of
June 2003
economically and socially acceptable water and waste water tariffs
(will be completed in Phase 2).
92
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.6-1 1. Country specific reports on significant deficiencies regarding water sector relevant
legislation, level of tariffs, status of metering, level of illegal and unaccounted for
consumption, collection rate, etc
2. Report on best practices on international level
3. Report on differences between national and international practices
4. Country specific reports indicating the potential for increase of revenues in the water and
waste water sector
1.6-2 1. Report on country-specific concepts for appropriate tariff reforms
2. Public information campaigns / materials
1.6-4 Workshop on the introduction of economically and socially acceptable water and waste
water tariffs implemented; appropriate workshop documentation broadly disseminated
Output 1.7
A
Background Information
Most DRB countries are currently not applying any effective system of charges and fines for water
pollution or respective incentives as applied in industrialized Western European countries.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
The basic idea of this project component is, therefore, to assist the interested DRB countries to
develop an effective system of charges, fines and incentives to promote rational utilization of water
resources and to prevent or reduce effects of environmental pollution, specifically nutrients and certain
toxics. Within the broad framework of charges, fines and incentives particular attention should be
given on discharges of nutrients and toxic pollutants with significant transboundary effects.
Phase 1 of the Project will produce a DRB-wide assessment of presently existing tools and
institutional mechanisms, while Phase 2 will prepare and suggest guidelines for the introduction of
most appropriate charges, fines and incentives.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.7-1
Analyzing the present systems of water pollution charges, fines
Mar 2002-Feb 2003
and incentives in the DRB countries and identifying significant
deficiencies (types and basis of charges, fines and incentives,
effectiveness, collection procedures, exemptions, etc);
1.7-2
Identifying the most essential and effective water pollution
Sept 2002-June 2003
charges, fines and incentives, assessing the main
obstacles/barriers to their introduction and develop enforcement
mechanisms;
1.7-3
Assessing the institutional and economic capabilities of the
Dec 2002-June 2003
particular DRB countries for a reform of water pollution charges,
fines and incentives;
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
93
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
1.7-5
Organize workshops on the application of appropriate water
Sept 2002-June 2003
pollution charges, fines and incentives, with participants from
relevant ministries, municipalities and the private sector (will be
completed in Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
1.7-1
Comparative Analysis of the present systems of water pollution charges, fines and
incentives in the DRB countries
1.7-2
Report on specified tools, detailed description of barriers, recommendations on legislative
changes and enforcement mechanisms
1.7-3
Report on institutional capabilities and required arrangements, economic capability and
results of the social acceptance survey
1.7-5
Workshop on the application of appropriate water pollution charges, fines and incentives
implemented; appropriate workshop documentation broadly disseminated
E
Implementation Arrangements for Component 4
The project activities should be carried out under the responsibility of an international consulting firm
with particular expertise in water sector tariffs and funding policy in Central and Eastern European
countries.
The country specific data and information have to be provided by national consultants / experts
according to the guidelines provided by the international consultant.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor for Component 4 (International and National
Consultants / Experts)
1. International financial analyst with particular expertise in environmental economics with
special focus on both EU water sector legislation and national water sector legislation and
funding policies in Central and Eastern European countries;
2. National socio-economists with particular expertise in affordability and social acceptance
of water and waste water tariffs in Central and Eastern European countries;
3. National financial experts with particular expertise in water sector legislation, funding
policies and water tariffs in the particular Central and Eastern European countries.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
95
PROJECT COMPONENT 5
Development of operational tools for water quality monitoring, emission
control and improvement of emergency and accidental response (Output
2.2; 2.3)
Output 2.2
A Background
Information
The development and upgrading of emission monitoring inventories and appropriate information
systems is of major importance for transboundary cooperation in water quality and water management
and of common interest for the Danube and the Black Sea countries.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
The subject of this component is professional and financial support aimed at reinforcing the activities
related to emission control (EMIS/EG) and monitoring of water quality, laboratory and information
management (MLIM/EG), particularly aiming at improvement, further development and application
of:
·
the Danube Water Quality Model;
·
the Modeling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems (MONERIS);
·
the Analytical Quality Control (AQC).
If adequately designed and provided with reliable data, these two models and the quality assurance
programme are essential tools for a profound assessment of transboundary nutrient and toxic pollutant
flows as well as an assessment of the expected effects of nutrient and other pollution reduction
measures. The present nutrient reduction plans can be adjusted and the implementation of policy
measures can be focused on specific areas or sectors. Phase 1 of the Project will prepare the upgrading
of existing operational tools, while Phase 2 will secure their effective application and the DRB-wide
data availability.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity Time
Frame
2.2-1
Harmonizing water quality standards and quality assurance for
Jan 2002-June 2003
nutrients and toxic substances (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.2-2
Assisting in the creation of a database and emission inventory for
Jan 2002-June 2003
point and non point sources of phosphorus and nitrogen, including
maps (will be completed in Phase 2);
2.2-3
Optimizing TNMN and identifying sources and amounts of
Jan 2002-June 2003
transboundary pollution for substances on the list of EU priority
substances (will be completed in Phase 2).
2.2-4
Organize workshops to support strengthening of operational tools for
Jan 2002-June 2003
monitoring, laboratory and information management and for emission
analysis from point and non-point sources of pollution (will be
completed in Phase 2).
96
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
2.2-1 1. Proposal for water quality classification system for the Danube Basin
2. Proposal for implementation of AQC program
2.2-2 1. Proposal of structure and indicators for a data base for point and non point sources of
pollution
2. Proposal of structure for a monitoring system to control environmental impact
3. Updated emission inventory of point sources and non point sources
2.2-3 1. Evaluation reports available
2. Manual developed and implemented
3. Figures of annual loads in the Danube Basin available
4. Improved tool for transboundary pollution assessment available
2.2-4 Workshops to support strengthening of operational tools for monitoring, laboratory and
information management and for emission analysis from point and non-point sources of
pollution implemented; appropriate documentation of workshop results disseminated
Output 2.3
A
Background Information
The recent accidental pollution of the Tisza river from mining activities and the effects of NATO
intervention in Yugoslavia, the bombing of petrochemical and other industrial complexes in the
Danube River Basin, led to a contamination of ground water and rivers with toxic substances (PCBs,
PAHs, cyanide, etc.), the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments and to a degradation of
ecosystems (fish kill). Hence, urgent support is needed to improve preventive and emergency
response measures.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
The subject of this project component is to support development activities for accident emergency
warning and prevention of accidental pollution. The experience from the recent accidental pollution
events indicates that the basically established AEPWS/EG needs substantial improvement before it can
become a satisfactory tool for adequate management of transboundary contamination from
catastrophic events.
During Phase 1 of the Project, the operational bases of the alarm system will be upgraded and
preventive policy measures recommended. During Phase 2, the practical application of the alarm
system will be further extended in the DRB.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
97
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity Time
Frame
2.3-1
The reinforcement of operational conditions in national alert
Jan 2002-June 2003
stations (PIACs) and geographical extension of the AEPWS in
Bosnia & Herzegovina and the FR of Yugoslavia7) (will be
completed in Phase 2);
2.3-2
The completion of the inventory presently available only for the
Jan 2002-June 2003
upper Tisza River Basin, and evaluation of all high accidental risk
spots in all countries in the Danube River Basin, considering that
similar accidental "hot spots" exist in many transition countries
(will be completed in Phase 2);
2.3-3
The designing of preventive measures, the adjusting of national
Jan 2002-June 2003
legislation and improved compliance with safety standards (will be
completed in Phase 2);
2.3-4
Maintenance and calibration of the Danube Basin Alarm Model
Jan 2002-June 2003
(DBAM), to predict the propagation of the accidental pollution and
evaluate temporal, spatial and magnitude characteristics in the
Danube river system and to the Black Sea (will be completed in
Phase 2).
2.3-5
Organize workshops to reinforce cooperation in accident and
Jan 2002-June 2003
emergency/warning and development of preventive measures (will
be completed in Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
2.3-1 1. Implementation schedule for PIAC setup in FRY and BiH
2. Communication software able to use both present satellite communication systems and
cheap internet for the exchange of emergency Standard Forms translated into national
languages
2.3-2 Harmonized risk inventories, ranked risk spots at the level of sub-basins as well as the
whole DRB based on evaluation of the risk
2.3-3 Basic guidelines for accident prevention and risk reduction in hazardous installations,
immediate and long-term planning approaches
2.3-4 1. Project concept available
2. Manual developed and implemented
3. Project briefs and TORs for DBAM calibration in the selected pilot area(s)
2.3-5 Workshops to reinforce cooperation in accident and emergency/warning and development
of preventive measures implemented; appropriate documentation of workshop results
disseminated
7) The FR of Yugoslavia is situated in an extremely important geographical position in the center of the Danube River Basin
where the most important tributaries, Tisza, Sava and Drava are joining the Danube. During the recent accidental pollution
the AEWS has also informed Yugoslavia and cooperated with its technical staff to monitor the effects of accidental
pollution. The UNEP Balkan Task Force and the EU-Baia Mare Task Force have closely cooperated with Yugoslavian
authorities in the assessment of accidental pollution and the design of emergency measures.
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Danube Regional Project Phase 1
E
Implementation Arrangements for Component 5
In the framework of this program component, consultation and working meetings for particular
research work (modelling, development of nutrient data base, etc) should be arranged. For this
purpose, special TORs have to be defined by the Expert Groups (MLIM and EMIS).
To assure the coherence and viability of data collection in all Danube countries, it would be
necessary to provide training and additional laboratory and monitoring tools, in particular for
those countries that:
still need to be brought to the same operational level (Ukraine, Moldova) or
are not yet integrated in the MLIM and EMIS systems (Bosnia-Herzegovina, FR
Yugoslavia).
Concerning the improvement of AEWS, the project activities should basically be carried out under the
responsibility of the AEPWS/EG under the guidance of an international consulting firm
(Subcontractor).
Country-specific data and information have to be provided by national consultants / experts according
to the guidelines provided by the respective ICPDR Expert Group.
In the frame of the project activity 2.3 a financial support of 87 000 USD for purchase of equipment
(monitoring/laboratory) is foreseen.
F.
Profile of the Subcontractor for Component 5 (International and National
Consultants / Experts)
The subcontractor should provide international and national expertise (consultants / experts); to carry
out the proposed activities the following specializations are needed:
International water quality expert
International modelling expert
International hydraulic engineer
National hydrologist
National hydraulic engineer
National biological expert
National chemical expert.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
99
PROJECT COMPONENT 6
Institutional Development of NGOs and Community Involvement
Support for DEF (Output 3.1)
A Background
Information
Cooperation of the civil society and in particular the local NGOs is essential to achieving the
objectives and goals of the ICPDR and the new Danube Regional Project. Particular attention will be
given to the reinforcement and the role of the Danube Environmental Forum (DEF), which is the
umbrella organization of the NGOs in the Danube River Basin. The previous GEF Project has
provided some support to facilitate the organization of NGO cooperation at the national level and the
establishment of the Danube Environmental Forum.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
Support for Institutional Development of NGOs and Community Involvement should come in the
form of technical/professional assistance and financial support for the Danube Environmental Forum
and for national NGOs working on transboundary pollution issues and nutrient reduction.
During Phase 1 of the Project, this will be focusing on making the DEF fully operational and preparing
the training programmes which will be will be completed in Phase 2 with the actual training and
publications.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
3.1-1
Support for the DEF Secretariat for operation, communication
Dec 2001- Aug 2003
and information management (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.1-2
Organization of consultation meetings and training workshops on Dec 2001- Aug 2003
nutrients and toxics issues management (will be completed in
Phase 2);
3.1-3
Publishing special NGO publications in national languages on
Dec 2001- Aug 2003
nutrients and toxic substances(will be completed in Phase 2);
3.1-4
Organization of training courses for the development of NGO
Dec 2001- Aug 2003
activities and cooperation in national projects (nutrient reduction)
management (will be completed in Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Output
3.1-1 The DEF Secretariat is fully operational and able to support the national NGOs in
administrative and organizational matters
3.1-2 1.Training programs on nutrients and toxics issues management identified; materials
prepared
2. Consultation meetings and training workshops on nutrients and toxics issues
management conducted; appropriate documentation of results broadly disseminated
3.1-3 Appropriate NGO publications in national languages on nutrients and toxic substances
prepared for publication
100
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Activities Output
3.1-4 1. Training programs and materials for the development of NGO activities and cooperation
in national projects management prepared
2. Training course for the development of NGO activities and cooperation in national
projects management conducted; appropriate documentation broadly disseminated
E Implementation
Arrangements
The project activities should be carried out under the management of the DEF Secretariat and under
the control of the DEF Spokespersons by:
DEF network, including DEF members
Individual NGOs,
Educational institutions.
The country-specific data and information have to be provided by national NGOs and their experts
with particular experience and expertise in water pollution, cross-sector co-operation and community
involvement.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
The subcontract will be established with the Danube Environmental Forum Secretariat located in
Bratislava. The designated spokesperson of the DEF and the Director of the DEF Secretariat will be
responsible for the implementation of the project component.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
101
PROJECT COMPONENT 7
Small Grants Programme - Applied Awareness Raising (Output 3.2)
A
Background Information
Previous Small Grants Programs have shown how much local NGOs can contribute to increase public
involvement in nutrient reduction measures, including practical (replicable) and community-based
projects, education and training, monitoring and control of policy programs. Awareness-raising can
effectively contribute to expanding understanding of transboundary and even global environmental
problems and solutions.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
The objective of this program component is to provide administrative, professional and financial
support for the extension of the GEF-Small Grants Programme. This is mainly focusing in Phase 1 of
the Project on the identification of suitable projects and the preparation of applications for financial
support. In Phase 2 of the Project grants will be awarding and the programme will be implemented.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
3.2-1
Identifying NGO grants programme and projects for reduction of
Dec 2001- June 2003
nutrients and toxic substances and mitigation of transboundary
pollution;
3.2-2
Designing and implementing a region-wide granting programme
Dec 2001- June 2003
focusing on demonstration activities and awareness campaigns
for sustainable land management and pollution reduction
(nutrients) in the agricultural, industrial and municipal sectors
(will be completed in Phase 2);
3.2-3
Designing and implementing two granting programmes at the
Dec 2001- June 2003
local and national level in terms of small scale community based
investment projects for pollution control, rehabilitation of
wetlands, best agricultural practices, reduction of use of
fertilizers, manure management, improvement of village sewer
systems, etc. (will be completed in Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
3.2-1 Structure of the cooperative grants program on local / national / region-wide level; (major
topics; guidelines, procedures, mechanisms for implementation; working plans; selection
process and criteria)
3.2-2 1. List of received applications for demonstration activities / campaigns /projects
2. List of selected applications for demonstration activities / campaigns /projects
3. Training workshop implemented; appropriate documentation of results broadly
disseminated
3.2-3 1. List of applications for grants
2. List of evaluated and selected applications for grants
102
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
E Implementation
Arrangements
Based on previous experience and good performance, this project component shall be implemented
with technical and policy guidance from the ICPDR, by the Regional Environmental Center (REC) in
Hungary. Through its national offices, the REC will inform local communities and NGOs to develop
and submit relevant project proposals and will organize and follow-up in the 2nd Phase of the Project
the implementation of selected projects for nutrient reduction and awareness raising.
The responsibilities of the involved institutions could be allocated as follows:
REC :
developing and running the program
ICPDR : assisting the technical implementation of the program and contributing to
evaluation process
DEF:
assisting the identification of projects and contributing to the evaluation
process.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
The international and national consultants and experts under REC and DEF should have particular
experience and expertise in:
Program and projects management and planning;
Financial expertise/audits;
Water management;
Nutrients and toxic substances;
Wetland restoration.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
103
PROJECT COMPONENT 8
Organization of Public Awareness Raising Campaigns for Nutrient
Reduction and Control (Output 3.3)
A
Background Information
The practical awareness and daily sensitivity of the general public on pollution problems and their
transboundary impacts is still very low in most DRB countries. The many new local NGO small grants
projects organized within this GEF Project frame (component 3.3.(i)) will become more relevant for
the public's opinion-making at national and regional scale if they will be complemented by nation-
wide awareness campaigns.
B
Objectives / Main Tasks
The objective of this project component is to prepare and implement a series of regional and national
public awareness activities. In this context the GEF Project aims in particular at raising awareness on
accidental pollution and prevention and nutrient reduction in daily life through media activities and
campaigning.
Phase 1 of the Project will prepare and start first public activities in the DRB countries, which will be
intensified in Phase 2 of the Project. Further support will be given in both Phases by the publication of
periodicals in English and in national languages.
C
Scope of Work (Work Program and Time-frame)
Ref. Activity
Time
Frame
3.3-1
Conceptualization and implementation of public awareness raising
Mar 2002-June 2003
campaigns on nutrients issues (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.3-2
Development and production of materials for public press and
Mar 2002-June 2003
mass media on nutrients and toxics (will be completed in Phase 2);
3.3-3
Publication of scientific documents and regular papers or special
Mar 2002-June 2003
issues on water management and pollution reduction with
particular attention to nutrient issues and Black Sea recovery (will
be completed in Phase 2).
D
Output / Results
Activities Outputs
3.3-1
Public Awareness Action Plan and campaign concept
3.3-2
Publications in public press and mass media (journals, posters, leaflets, articles in mass
media, www- info, TV)
3.3-3
(Articles in) regular journals or special issues to disseminate information in the DRB and to
the international public in English and /or national languages
104
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
E Implementation
Arrangements
The project activities should be carried out by qualified sub-contractors under the supervision of the
ICPDR. Special NGO publications will be developed under the guidance of the DEF network and
national NGOs with the assistance of an international consultant with particular expertise in public
awareness campaigning and water sector issues.
The country-specific data and information have to be provided by national experts with particular
experience and expertise in public awareness raising and community involvement.
F
Profile of the Subcontractor (International and National Consultants / Experts)
The international and national consultants and experts should have particular experience and expertise
in the following fields:
Communication issues;
Public relation;
Editing/ Publishing;
Water management;
Wetland restoration.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
105
F. Work
Plan
Project Management Sheets
For each Objective and related activities and outputs a Project Management Sheet (PMS) has been
prepared to present the implementation steps and the timeframe for Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Project,
indicating the coherence and complementarities of activities and expected results in the two phases of
the Project. Further, implementation arrangements are indicated to demonstrate the involvement of the
ICPDR Expert Groups and other links of cooperation as necessary prerequisites for efficient project
implementation.
The Project Management Sheets are the base for the development of the Work Programme, which will
be established in the inception phase of the project. Taking into account the activities and expected
outputs described in the PMS, Project Components have been developed, regrouping one or more
actives to constitute a coherent and integrated implementation approach. The Project Components
facilitate establishing of subcontracts.
Other activities and related outputs described in the PMS will be carried out by international and
national consultant under the direct guidance and supervision of the Project Manager.
Subcontractors and consultants have closely to cooperate with the ICPDR and its Expert Groups to
respond to specific requirements in implementing the Danube River Protection Convention and in
responding to principles of the GEF international waters.
The Project Implementation Schedule at the end of this chapter represents the time frame for the first
phase as indicated in the PMS in a graphical form.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
107
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output: 1.1 Development and implementation of policy guidelines for river basin and water resources management
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.1-1 Identify the River Basin District
1. Collect and synthesize
1. Map of the River Danube
Jan 2002-
RBM EG, Cartographic
(RBD), in particular the assignment of
national information
Basin District with
Aug 2003
Sub-group, international
coastal waters and groundwater bodies
groundwater bodies
and national consultants.
1.1-2 Develop common approaches and
1. Adapt EU Guidelines to the
1. Overall concept for a step
Jan 2002-
RBM EG, EMIS EG,
methodologies for pressure and impact
conditions existing in the
by step introduction of a
Aug 2002
international and national
analysis
Danube Basin
common approach for the
consultants.
different DRB countries
1.1-3 Implement common approaches and
1. Develop methodology for
1. Assist national level to conduct pressure
1. Concept for a common
1. National reports and basin-wide
Aug 2002-
Sept 2003 -
RBM EG, EMIS EG,
methodologies for pressure and impact
collection of national data and
and impact analysis
approach for pressure and
summary report on pressure and
Aug 2003
Feb 2005
international and national
analysis (at the national level)
information on environmental
impact analysis at the national impact analysis
consultants.
pressure and impact
level
1.1-4 Apply the EU Guidelines for
1. Develop concept for
1. Assist in elaboration of national
1. Concept for economic
1. National reports and basin-wide
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003 -
RBM EG, Economic Sub-
economic analysis and arrive at the overall
economic analysis and
economic analysis for implementation of
analysis and environmental
summary report on economic issues Aug 2003
Feb 2005
group, international and
economic analysis for the Danube River
environmental cost-benefit
WFD
cost-benefit analysis in line
relevant for implementation of
national consultants.
Basin
analysis in RBM
with the EU guidelines
WFD
1.1-5 Synthesize the results of the national
1. Analyze national reports and propose
1. Harmonized national analysis
Sept 2003 -
RBM EG, international and
analyses on environmental characteristics,
measures to standardize and improve quality
reports and basin-wide summary
Aug 2004
national consultants.
evaluate the observed deficiencies in
and comparability of data and information
report
national reports and suggest ways to
overcome them
1.1-6 Develop RBM tools (mapping, GIS,
1. Collect national information / 1. Develop basin wide GIS system for
1. Concept for a basin-wide
1. GIS-based maps, including a map Mar 2002-
Sept 2003 -
RBM EG, GIS Activity
remote sensing, etc.) and related data
data on GIS issue and suggest a
nutrient control including typology of
GIS, including maps on the
on the typology of surface waters
Aug 2003
Feb 2006
Center, international and
management, including the arriving at the
concept, incl. the typology of
surface waters
typology of surface waters
and their reference conditions
national consultants.
typology of surface waters and the relevant
surface waters
and their reference conditions
reference conditions
1.1-7 Identify pilot river basins and apply
1. Identify pilot river basins
1. Develop RBM Plans in pilot river basins
1. Pilot river basins identified 1. RBM Plans in pilot river basins
1.
Aug 2003 -
RBM/EG; link to the work
common approaches, methodologies,
2. Define concepts for common
(e.g. Tisza River Basin) and apply in test
2. Concepts for common
(e.g. Tisza River Basin) developed
Mar 2002 -
Feb 2006
of all ICPDR EGs within
standards and guidelines (in observing also
approaches, methodologies,
areas common approaches, methodologies,
approaches, methodologies,
2. Report on RBM Plans in pilot
Aug 2002
the pilot river basins to be
the link to the Working Groups of the
standards and guidelines
standards and guidelines,
standards and guidelines
river basins available to the
observed (via DANUBIS);
2.
European Commission)
2. Provide feedback to the RMB EG and to
defined
RMB/EG and to the European
consultant to cover pilot-
Sept 2002 -
the European Commission Working Groups
Commission Working Groups for
basin wide work, plus
Aug 2003
for the implementation of the WFD
the implementation of the WFD
support by national experts
1.1-8 Assist Danube River Basin countries
1. Develop concept for implementation
1. Recommendation for
Mar 2004 -
RBM/EG, all ICPDR/EGs
in developing strategies to come in
strategies and for program of measures at
implementation strategies and
Aug 2006
must in some way be
compliance with the EU WFD, and in
national level
programme of measures likely to be
involved (via DANUBIS);
particular the EU Nitrate Directive, in
effective in the transboundary
consultants to cover basin-
preparing the programme of measures
context
wide work, plus support by
national experts
1.1-9 Organize workshops and training
1. Develop concepts and
1. Organize and conduct a series of 10
1. Programmes and contents
1. Workshops, seminars and
Aug 2002 -
Mar 2004 -
RBM/EG, all ICPDR/EGs
courses in order to produce the River Basin
programmes for workshops and workshops, seminars and training courses
for workshops and training
training courses implemented;
Aug 2003
Aug 2006
must be involved (also via
Management Plan and to strengthen basin-
training courses
sessions determined
cooperation for implementation of
DANUBIS); consultants to
wide cooperation
2. Organize and conduct four
2. Workshops and seminars
WFD strengthened
cover basin-wide work;
workshops
implemented ; appropriate
input by national experts
workshop documentation
needed
available
108
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.2: Reduction of nutrients and other harmful substances from agricultural point and non-point sources through agricultural policy changes
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.2-1 · Up-date the basin-wide inventory
1. Up-date the basin-wide
1. Up-dated basin-wide
Mar 2002-
ICPDR expert
on agricultural point and non-point
inventory on agricultural point
inventory on agricultural point
June 2003
groups
sources of pollution "hot spots" in line
and non-point sources of
and non-point sources of
(EMIS/MLIM/RB
with EMIS emission inventory
pollution "hot spots"
pollution "hot spots"
M); national
1.2-2 Review relevant legislation,
1. Review data and information
1. Analyze results and formulate
1. Summary report on
1. Recommendations for
Mar 2002- Sept 2003 agricultural
existing policy programs and actual state in the DRB countries, taking
recommendations for legal and
agricultural policies and state
changes in national legislation June 2003 - Feb 2005 institutions (e.g.
of enforcement in the DRB with respect
into account the results of the
policy changes concerning the
of enforcement in the DRB
and practice concerning the
Ukraine national
to promotion and application of best
UNDP/GEF Danube PRP and of application of best agricultural
countries
application of best agricultural
agricultural
agricultural practices
the EU-Phare Project EU/301/91 practices
practices
university);
Components 1.2.
1.2-3 Review inventory on important
1. Review data and information
1. Analyze results and formulate
1. Summary report on use of
1. Recommendations for
Mar 2002- Sept 2003 and 1.3. should
agrochemicals (nutrients etc.) in terms of in DRB countries, taking into
recommendations for appropriate
agrochemicals in the DRB
appropriate use of
June 2003 - Feb 2005 preferably be
quantities of utilization, their misuse in
account the results of the
use of agrochemicals to reduce
countries
agrochemicals and
executed by the
application, their environmental impacts
UNDP/GEF Danube PRP and of environmental impact
mechanisms for compliance
same consultant
and potential for reduction
the EU-Phare Project EU/301/91
team.
1.2-4 Identify main institutional,
1. Collect information on
1. Report on main deficiencies
Mar 2002-
administrative and funding deficiencies
institutional, administrative and
and proposals for institutional,
June 2003
(including complementary measures) to
funding deficiencies in the field
administrative and financial
reduce pollutants
of land use and agricultural
mechanisms suited to assure
practices
appropriate land use and
agriculture
1.2-5 Introduce or, where existing,
1. Analyze existing situation for 1. Finalize concepts, obtain
1. Report on existing situation 1. Recommendations for
Mar 2002- Dec 2004
further develop concepts for the
each DRB country and prepare
feedback from national level;
and draft concepts for policy
implementation of best
June 2003 - Feb 2005
application of best agricultural practices
concepts for application of best
make concrete proposals on how
development and
agricultural practices in the
in all DRB countries, by taking into
agricultural practices in DRB
to implement them (indicate
implementation of best
DRB countries
account country specific traditional,
countries
benefits)
agricultural practice in the
social and economic issues, and the ECE
DRB countries
recommendations
1.2-6 Discuss the new concepts with and
1. Organize one workshop with
1. Organize ten national
1. Workshop implemented;
1+2. Concepts on best
Mar 2002- Sept 2003 1.2-5 also in
disseminate results to governments,
participants from relevant
workshops in the DRB countries
appropriate workshop
agricultural practices in DRB
June 2003 - Feb 2005 cooperation with
farming communities and NGOs in the
institutions of all DRB countries with participants from relevant
documentation adequately
countries (e.g. through
NGOs (link to
basin
institutions to discuss proposed
disseminated
changes in agricultural
3.
DEF SGP)
concepts
policies and legislation)
Feb 2005
2. Organize one regional workshop
available and broadly
with participants from relevant
disseminated
institutions of all DRB countries to
3. Information on national
assess overall regional result and
policies and on status of
to strengthen application
implementation of best
3. Establish and develop internet
agricultural practice broadly
platform
disseminated
Remarks: The revision of the draft GEF project components 1.2. and 1.3. into one policy project (new component 1.2.) allowed an expansion of the budget for the second project with pilot/demonstration activities in lower
Danube countries (new component 1.3.)
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
109
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.3: Development of pilot projects on reduction of nutrients and other harmful substances from agricultural point and non-point sources
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Arrangements
1.3-1 Analyze existing programs 1. Carry out the analysis, taking into
1. Report on existing
Mar 2002 -
ICPDR expert groups
and pilot projects promoting best account the results of the
programs and pilot projects
Feb 2003
(EMIS/MLIM/RBM);
agricultural practice (especially UNDP/GEF PRP and of the EU-
and proposals for the
local agricultural
regarding animal farming and
Phare Project EU/301/91
development of pilot
institutions (e.g.
manure handling, as well as
(Demonstr. Centres for Sustain.
projects
Ukraine national
organic farming) in DRB
Agriculture in the DRB and
2. Priority list of identified
agricultural university);
countries, and assess nutrient
Regional Market Study)
needs for new pilot
Components 1.2. and
reduction capacities
2. Identify needs for new pilot
activities (especially for the
1.3. should preferably
activities in best agricultural
6 DRB countries Ukraine,
be executed by the
practices, especially in Ukraine,
Moldova, Romania,
same consultant team.
Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria,
Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and
Yugoslavia and Bosnia &
Bosnia & Hercegovina
Hercegovina
1.3-2 Develop practical concepts 1. Develop the concept; develop
1. Practical concepts for
Mar 2002 -
for the introduction respectively criteria for best manure handling
the introduction of best
Feb 2003
promotion of appropriate
(adapt ECE legislation at national
agricultural practice in
agricultural practices and
level)
DRB countries; code for
manure handling in the central
2. Assess possibilities for national
best agricultural practice
and downstream RB countries
and regional institutional support in
for manure handling
by taking into account national practically expanding best
2. Priority list of identified
demand and international
agricultural practices in DRB
institutional support
markets and ECE
countries
requirements in the
recommendations
particular DRB countries
1.3-3 Prepare and implement for 1. Propose pilot projects based on
1. Prepare and implement pilot
1. Proposals for
1. Pilot projects for best agricultural Sept 2002 -
1.
the central and lower DRB
the identified needs for new pilot
projects in practical training
implementation of pilot
practices in selected DRB countries June 2003
Sept 2003-
countries typical pilot projects
activities in best agricultural
(including manure handling) and projects
prepared
Feb 2006
(especially in UA, MD, RO, BG, practices, especially in Ukraine,
institutional support for
2. Evaluation and progress report on
2.
YU and B-H) to train and
Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria,
expanding best agricultural
concluded pilot projects in at least 6
support farmers in the
Yugoslavia and Bosnia &
practice in the DRB
Feb 2006 -
DRB countries: reduced pollution
application of best agricultural
Herzegovina
Aug 2006
2. Evaluate and report on progress
from manure, trained farmers and
practice
of implementation of pilot
developed institutions promoting
3.
projects
best agricultural practice
Mar 2006 -
3. Evaluation of financial issues
3. Evaluation report on financial
Aug 2006
implications
1.3-4 . Organize a series of
1. Organize two workshops dealing 1. Organize five national
1. Workshops
1. Workshops implemented;
Mar 2003 -
Aug 2005 -
demonstration workshops to
with the needs of new pilot
demonstration workshops with
implemented, appropriate appropriate workshop
June 2003
Aug 2006
disseminate the results of the
activities for best agricultural
participants from animal farms,
workshop proceedings
documentation on practical
pilot projects
practices
banking institutions, government broadly disseminated
experience from pilot projects
agencies and NGOs
broadly disseminated
Remarks: The revision of the draft GEF project components 1.2. and 1.3. into one policy project (new component 1.2.) allowed to expand the budget for the second project with pilot/demonstration activities in lower Danube
countries (new component 1.3.)
110
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.4: Policy development for wetlands rehabilitation under the aspect of appropriate land use
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.4-1 Define methodology for
1. Selection of typical areas
1. Methodology for
Mar 2002 -
ICPDR expert groups
integrated land use assessment around
within (transboundary)
integrated land use
June 2003
(RBM, MLIM,
wetlands (called "wetland areas")
river basins (proposal: the
assessment around
ECO), WWF,
Morava, the Drava, the
wetlands defined; typical
Ramsar secretariat,
Tisza)
river wetland areas selected
national experts from
and proposed
chosen areas
1.4-2 Carry out case studies for
1. Collect data on present
1.-2. Case studies,
1.
selected wetland areas and assess
land use and on plans for
supported by local
inappropriate land use (e.g. forestry,
the future development in
stakeholders, for the
Aug 2002 -
settlements and development zones,
selected wetland areas
selected river basins and
June 2003
agriculture and hydraulic structures)
wetland areas (present and
2. Organize two workshops
2.
planned land uses)
to discuss the assessed data
Mar - June
from chosen areas with all
2003
stakeholders of the region
1.4-3 Develop alternative concepts and
1. Develop concept and
1. Organize two workshops
1.-2. Three concepts and
1.Workshop implemented;
Mar 2002 -
Sept 2003 -
strategies for achieving integrated land
strategy for each selected
in selected river basins to
strategies for appropriate
concepts and strategies for
June 2003
Aug 2004
use and management in chosen wetland river basin and its wetland
discuss and agree the
land use in selected
appropriate land use in selected
areas, including required actions and
areas
proposed concepts and
wetland areas, including
wetland areas discussed and
measures (regulatory and legal issues,
strategies
proposals for required
agreed
economic fines and incentives,
2. Assess the need for
reforms
compensation payments, etc);
reforms (legal and
institutional)
1.4-4 Secure governmental
1. Convene a meeting of
1. Agreed concepts and
Sept 2003 -
commitments to implement the newly
governmental decision
strategies for the
Aug 2004
proposed concepts for integrated land
makers to agree and
implementation of integrated
use in the selected case study areas
endorse concepts and
river basin land use for selected
strategies
wetland areas
1.4-5 Disseminate project results in the
1. Organize two workshops
1. Organize three basin-
1. Workshops
1. Workshop implemented;
Mar 2002 -
Nov 2004
Danube river basin
on benefits and
wide workshop on benefits
implemented, appropriate
participants from the DRB
June 2003
methodology of integrated
and methodology of
workshop proceedings
trained on how to assess,
river basin land use for
integrated river basin land
broadly disseminated
develop and implement
wetlands, with participants
use for wetlands, with
appropriate land use in wetland
from relevant ministries
participants from relevant
areas
and institutions of the
ministries and institutions
particular DRB countries
of the particular DRB
countries
Remarks: After the major revision of this projects, the funds saved here should be transferred to component 4.3. (wetland nutrient removal capacities)
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
111
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.5: Industrial reform and development of policies and legislation for application of BAT (best available techniques including cleaner technologies) towards
reduction of nutrients (N and P) and dangerous substances
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific
Outputs
Timeframe
Implementati
on
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Arrangements
1.5-1 · Up-date the basin-wide inventory
1. Up-date the basin-wide inventory
1. Up-dated basin-wide inventory
Mar 2002 -
on industrial and mining "hot spots"
on industrial and mining "hot spots"
June 2003
(EMIS inventory) taking into account
emissions of nutrient and toxic substances
1.5-2 Review data and information on the
1. Identify outdated techniques in
1.-2. DRB reports on outdated
Mar 2002 -
EMIS;
actual status of industrial production
relation to BAT reference notes in
techniques by sectors and inventory of
June 2003
UNIDO;
techniques involving nutrients (N and P)
the framework of EU IPPC directive
status of industrial plants
international
and dangerous substances in the DRB
2. Establish list of industrial
consultant,
countries
facilities with outdated techniques
national
consultants
1.5-3 Review policies and relevant
1. Review present and emerging
1.Introduce mechanisms at the national
1. DRB report on legislative and
1.-2. Annual DRB report
Mar 2002 -
Sept 2003
existing and future legislation for
policies and legislation and
level to regular review policies and
policy measures and enforcement
identifying policy and legislation
June 2003
- Feb 2006
industrial pollution control and
associated enforcement mechanisms
relevant legislation for industrial
mechanisms
changes and compliance status
identification enforcement mechanisms on
in each DRB country
pollution control and reinforcement of
a country level
control mechanisms
2. Update on an annual basis legislative
and policy changes and compile country
data on compliance of PRP plants
1.5-4 Compare and identify gaps between
1. Compare and identify gaps
1. Follow-up of actions at the national
1. DRB report on gaps between EU
1. Annual DRB progress report
Sept 2002
Sept 2003
relevant EU and national legislation
between EU and national legislation
level on closure of gaps in particular
and national legislation and guidelines
regarding closure of gaps in
- June
- Feb 2006
and develop proposals on how to
countries
for improvement
particular countries
2003
close the gaps
1.5-5 Develop necessary complementing
1. Identify and evaluate
1. Advise and monitor country utilization
1. DRB report on relevant
1. Case studies on DRB country
Sept 2002
Sept 2003-
policy and legal measures for the
complementary measures
of complementary measures
complementary measures
experiences with complementary
- June
Feb 2006
introduction of BAT (taking into account
measures
2003
regulatory and legal issues, awareness
raising, financial fines and incentives, etc)
1.5-6 Identify in relation to Significant
1. Verify SIAs and identify relevant
1. Elaborate proposals to reduce pollution
1. Report on SIAs and priority list of
1. List of Government and private
Sept 2002
Sept 2004-
Impact Areas, industrial "hot spots"
plants with outdated techniques and
from identified plants (closure,
industrial plants with outdated
initiatives for implementation of
- Feb 2003
Oct 2004
having a significant impact on water
their environmental effect
introduction of BAT, etc.) to improve
technologies (polluters)
pollution reduction measures at
resources and water quality
ecological conditions in specific SIA
the national level
1.5-7 Develop appropriate implementation
1. Identify and evaluate appropriate
1. Pilot project applications for
Dec 2004 -
concepts for a step-by-step introduction of
implementation concepts for introducing
implementation of BAT concepts
June 2005
BAT in industrial sectors
BAT, including pilot applications
1.5-8 Organize workshops with
1. Prepare workshop programs,
1. Organize and conduct eleven national
1. Workshop and training programs
1. Workshop implemented;
Sept 2002
1.
participants from relevant ministries,
identify target groups, prepare
workshops on step-by-step introduction
prepared, target groups identified
appropriate workshop
- Feb 2003
Sept 2003-
industrial managers, banking institutions,
training materials on harmonization
of BAT and funding possibilities
2. Workshop implemented; appropriate
documentation broadly
Feb 2006
introducing information on best available
of EU and national policies and
disseminated
workshop documentation broadly
technologies, financial support, etc.;
legislation on BAT;
2.
disseminated
2. Organize and conduct one basin
Mar 2006
wide workshop
112
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.6: Policy reform and legislation measures for the development of cost-covering concepts for water and waste water tariffs, focusing on nutrient reduction and
control of dangerous substances
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.6-1 Analyze significant deficiencies
1. a) Regarding water supply: Analyze and assess
1. Country specific reports
Jan 2002
International
regarding water sector relevant legislation, on national level (based on the results of the
on significant deficiencies
- Feb
consultant,
level of tariffs, status of metering, level of existing basin-wide water and waste water study):
regarding water sector
2003
national
illegal and unaccounted for consumptions, water sector relevant legislation; level of tariffs;
relevant legislation, level
consultants,
collection rate, etc.; assess the potential for status of metering; level of illegal and unaccounted-
of tariffs, status of
national and
the increase of revenues of the companies for consumption, level of collection rate;
metering, level of illegal
regional
operating in the water and waste water
1. b) Regarding waste water services: Analyze and
and unaccounted for
authorities
sector
asses on national level (based on the results of the
consumption, collection
existing basin wide water and waste water study):
rate, etc
level of tariffs, status of metering, level of
2.-.3. Report on best
collection rate, type of waste water collection and
practices on international
treatment (centralized and decentralized public
level and differences
collection syst., septic tanks, industrial collect.syst.
between national and
and direct industrial discharges)
international practices
2. Study best practices on international level
4. Country specific reports
3. Analyze differences between national and
indicating the potential for
international practices
increase of revenues in the
4. Assess on national level the potential for increase
water and waste water
of revenues of the companies acting in the water
sector
and waste water sector
1.6-2 Develop appropriate concepts for
1. Develop a catalogue of reform potential and
1. Report on country-
Sept
International
tariff reforms aimed at cost covering
requirements, built on best practices in line with the
specific concepts for
2002-
consultant, EU
models in line with the EU WFD (on a
EU WFD
appropriate tariff reforms
June
water
country level)
2. Public information
2003
authorities
campaigns / materials
1.6-3 Develop proposals for policy reforms
1. Adapt elaborated
1. Catalogue of country
Sept 2003- International
and legislative measures required for the
catalogue of reform
specific reform potential and
Sept 2005 consultant,
establishment of cost - covering tariff
potential and requirements
requirements
national
models in line with the WFD and propose
to country specific
consultants,
recommendations for phased
situation by involving all
national and
implementation of tariff reforms
relevant stakeholders
regional
authorities
1.6-4 Organize national workshops with
1. Organize one basin-wide workshop on the
1. Organize eleven national 1. Workshop implemented; 1. Workshop implemented,
June
Sept 2003- International
participants from relevant ministries,
introduction of economically and socially
workshops for all relevant appropriate workshop
appropriate workshop
2003
Sept 2005 and national
municipalities and the private sector
acceptable water and waste water tariffs
stakeholders
documentation broadly
documentation broadly
consultants in
(NGOs) on the introduction of
disseminated
disseminated; increased
cooperation
economically and socially acceptable water
cooperation of relevant
with water
and waste water tariffs
stakeholders
authorities
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
113
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.7: Implementation of effective systems of water pollution charges, fines and incentives, focusing on nutrients and dangerous substances
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific
Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.7-1 Analyze the present systems of
1. Analyze the present systems
1.-2. Comparative
Mar
International consultant,
water pollution charges, fines and
of water pollution charges, fines
Analysis of the
2002 -
national consultants
incentives in the DRB countries and
and incentives in the DRB
present systems of
Feb 2003
identify significant deficiencies
countries on a country level
water pollution
(types and basis of charges, fines and
2. Compare national systems on
charges, fines and
incentives, effectiveness, collection
basin-wide level
incentives in the DRB
procedures, exemptions, etc)
countries
1.7-2 Identify the most essential and
1. Specify particular tools for
1.-3. Report on
Sept
International consultant,
effective water pollution charges,
each country
specified tools,
2002 -
national consultants
fines and incentives, assess the main
2. Describe and analyze barriers
detailed description of
June
obstacles/barriers to their
to introduction and effective use
barriers,
2003
introduction and develop
recommendations on
enforcement mechanisms
3. Develop appropriate
legislative changes
enforcement mechanisms
and enforcement
mechanisms
1.7-3 Assess the institutional and
1. Analyze and assess
1.-3.Report on
Dec
International consultant,
economic capabilities of the
institutional capabilities and
institutional
2002 -
national consultants
particular DRB countries for a
required arrangements on a
capabilities and
June
reform of water pollution charges,
country level
required
2003
fines and incentives
2. Assess economic capability
arrangements,
and compatibility of proposed
economic capability
measures on a country level
and results of the
social acceptance
3. Survey social acceptance on a
survey
country level
1.7-4 Develop appropriate concepts
1. Identify the most
1. Country specific systems
Sept
International consultant,
for the introduction of balanced and
appropriate combination of
of charges, fines and
2003 -
national consultants
effective systems of water pollution
effective charges, fines and
incentives
Aug
charges, fines and incentives in the
incentives
2. Guidelines for the
2004
particular DRB countries
2. Develop recommendations
introduction and
on how to introduce the
implementation of the
identified set of charges, fines
recommended systems of
and incentives
charges, fines and incentives
1.7-5 Organize workshops on the
1. Organize one basin-wide
1. Organize eleven national
1. Workshop
1. Workshop implemented;
Sept
Sept
International consultant,
application of appropriate water
workshop
workshops for all relevant
implemented;
appropriate workshop
2002 -
2003 -
national consultants,
pollution charges, fines and
stakeholders
appropriate workshop
documentation broadly
June
Feb 2005
private-sector
incentives, with participants from
documentation
disseminated
2003
representatives,
relevant ministries, municipalities
broadly disseminated
government
and the private sector
representatives, NGOs
114
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 1: Creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management
Output 1.8: Recommendations for the reduction of phosphorus in detergents
Activities
Implementation Steps Specific
Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
1.8-1 Review the existing
1. Prepare an inventory of legislation and
1.-2. Comparative analysis regarding the
Mar 2002 -
ICPDR/EMIS EG,
legislation, policies and
policies in the particular DRB countries
legislation and policies in the particular
Dec 2002
international
voluntary commitments
concerning the present status P-content in
DRB countries and the compliance with
consultant,
detergents
the relevant EU regulations and GPA,
national
2. Carry out a review and comparative
DRP and Black Sea Conventions on a
consultants,
analysis regarding compliance with the
country basis
representatives of
relevant EU regulations and GPA, DRP and
3. Assessment report on quantities of
producers and
Black Sea Conventions on a country basis
production and consumption,
consumers, NGOs
3. Assess the quantities of production and
respectively export, import of phosphate
consumption, respectively export, import of
based detergents in comparison to more
phosphate based detergents in comparison to
environment friendly forms
more environment. friendly forms
1.8-2 Develop recommendations 1. Formulate on the basis of activity 1.8.1
1. Country-specific recommendations
Aug 2002 -
for phosphorus reduction in
recommendations on phosphate phase out
for a phased conversion to lower P
June 2003
detergents in line with EU
plans that may include product standards,
contents in detergents (converting to
regulations and commonly
ISO certificate, ecolabeling, voluntary
more environment-friendly detergents)
agreed international standards
agreements etc, as appropriate
1.8-3 Develop proposals for
1. Carry out consultations with producers to
1. Possibilities for the introduction and
Aug 2002 -
enforcement and compliance
identify opportunities for a phased
enforcement of a phased conversion to
June 2003
(economic, financial incentives) conversion to lower P contents in detergents
lower P contents in detergents identified
2. Identify main barriers to implementing
2.. Barriers for a phased conversion to
measures proposed in activity 1.8-2, and
lower P contents in detergents identified
propose measures to lower the identified
and appropriate measures for
barriers
enforcement and compliance proposed
1.8-4 Organize a basin-wide
1. Prepare Workshop
1. Organize one workshop dealing 1. Documentation for workshop
1. Workshop report,
Mar 2006
ICPDR/EMIS EG,
workshop dealing with the
with the implementation of
prepared
comprehensive
International
implementation of
recommendations at national level
documentation of
consultant,
recommendations at national
workshop results
national
level
consultants
(experts)
1.8-5 Monitor and evaluate
1. Perform periodic monitoring and
1. Periodic
Sept 2003 - ICPDR/EMIS EG,
results
evaluation of implementation /
monitoring and
Aug 2006 international
realization
evaluation reports
consultant,
2. Follow-up implementation of
2. Analysis report on
national
recommendations at national level
follow-up actions
consultants,
concerning government initiatives
and effects on water
and response from private sector
quality and
(producers, importers, sellers)
environment
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
115
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.1: Setting up of "Inter-ministerial Committees" for development, implementation and follow-up of national policies legislation and projects for nutrient
reduction and pollution control
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.1-1 Evaluate existing national structures 1. Analysis of existing inter-ministerial
1.-2. Analysis report
Jan 2002 - Mar
ICPDR; International
for coordination of water management
structures and mechanisms
2002
Consultant with support
and water pollution control (follow up
from national level
action on report on "Existing and planned 2. Analysis of activities/competencies
inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms of existing structures
relating to pollution control and nutrient
reduction")
2.1-2 In cooperation with national
1. Establishing close cooperation with
1.- 2. Proposal for new
Jan 2002 - June
governments, propose adequate
existing structures
structures or for
2002
structures, including technical,
improvement of existing
administrative and financial departments 2. Based on analysis, prepare proposal
structures
to coordinate the review and
for new structures
implementation of policies, legislation
and projects for nutrient reduction and
pollution control
2.1-3 Assist Governments in setting up
1. Setting up of relevant contacts
1.-2. Operational Inter-
Jan 2002 - Feb
national "Inter-ministerial Committees"
ministerial Committees
2003
and provide initial guidance for the
2. Initial support for committees for
implementation of GEF project
involvement in implementation of
components
relevant project components
116
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.2: Development of operational tools for monitoring, laboratory and information management with particular attention to nutrients and toxic substances
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.2-1 Harmonize water quality standards 1. Develop water quality
1. Finalize classification
1. Proposal for water
1. Finalized and agreed
Jan 2002 -
Sept 2003 -
MLIM; ICPDR
and quality assurance for nutrients and
classification schemes for the
schemes
quality classification
water quality classification
June 2003
Aug 2006
Secretariat support
toxic substances
Danube, reflecting EU WFD
2. Implement AQC program
system for the Danube
system
procedures and List of Priority
Basin;
2. AQC program applied
Substances;
2. Proposal for
basin-wide
2. Improve basin-wide AQC program
implementation of AQC
with respect to the TNMN/phase II
program
list of determinants (investment for
equipment 87000 USD)
2.2-2 Creating of a database and
1. Assist in developing a data base for 1. Assist in creating a
1. Proposal of structure
1.-2. Availability of a basin- Jan 2002 -
Sept 2003 -
EMIS ; ICPDR
thematic maps for emission inventories
point and non point sources of
database and thematic maps
and indicators for a data
wide data base and emission June 2003
Aug 2006
Secretariat support
for point and non point sources of
pollution
for emission inventories for
base for point and non
inventory for point and non-
pollution (municipal, industrial and
2. Assist in developing a monitoring
point and non point sources of point sources of pollution point sources of nitrogen
agricultural hot spots) including P and N system to control environmental
pollution (municipal,
2. Proposal of structure
and phosphorus
and develop monitoring system to
impact
industrial and agricultural "hot for a monitoring system
control environmental impact
spots") including phosphorus
3. Revise ´hot spot´ inventory
to control environmental
and nitrogen
impact
2. Apply monitoring system to 3. Updated emission
control environmental impact
inventory of point sources
and non point sources
2.2-3 Optimize TNMN and identify
1. Prepare inventory for point and
1. Review and update
1. Evaluation reports
1. Updated evaluation
Jan 2002 -
Sept 2003 -
EMIS ; ICPDR
sources and amounts of transboundary
non-point sources of EU WFD
assessment
available
reports available
June 2003
Aug 2006
Secretariat support
pollution for substances on the list of EU priority substances
2. Optimize TNMN with
2. Manual developed and
2. Enhanced knowledge on
MLIM / EMIS ;
priority substances
2. Include EU priority substances in
regard to the list of EU
implemented
the water quality situation in
ICPDR secretariat
TNMN
priority substances
3. Figures of annual loads the Danube
support
3. Evaluate loads
3. Improve load evaluation
in the Danube Basin
3. Improved quality of load
4. Improve and further develop
procedures
available
figures suitable for trend
DWQM and MONERIS
4. Apply DWQM and
4. Improved tool for
analysis available
MONERIS for improved load transboundary pollution
4. Enhanced tools for
assessment in the DRB
assessment available
evaluation of emission and
water quality situation in the
Danube River Basin
2.2-4 Organize workshops to support
1. Organize two workshops for
1. Organize seven workshops
1. Workshops
1. Workshops implemented; Jan 2002 -
Sept 2003 -
strengthening of operational tools for
participants of relevant national
for participants of relevant
implemented; appropriate appropriate documentation
June 2003
Aug 2006
monitoring, laboratory and information
ministries and institutions and the
national ministries and
documentation of
of workshop results
management and for emission analysis
members of the MLIM/EG and
institutions and the members
workshop results
disseminated
from point and non-point sources of
EMIS/EG
of the MLIM/EG and
disseminated
pollution
EMIS/EG
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.3: Improvement of procedures and tools for accidental emergency response with particular attention to transboundary emergency situations
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.3-1 Reinforce operational conditions
1. Review information flows at local 1. Geographical extension of
1. Implementation schedule for
1. Operational PIACs in
Jan 2002 -
Sept
ICPDR
in the national alert stations (PIACs)
and international level, design the
AEWS, setting up PIACs in BiH PIAC setup in FRY and BiH
FRY and BiH
June 2003 2003- Feb AEPWS(EG)
and geographical extension of the
implementation schedules for the
and FRY
2. Communication software able 2. Upgraded AEWS
2005
supported by
AEPWS in Bosnia & Herzegovina and
extension of AEWS at the level of
2. Install, run operational tests
to use both present satellite
international manual
sub-basin
the FR of Yugoslavia;
PIAC in FRY and BiH
and use the new communication communication systems and
bodies/commissi
2. Develop new sustainable
software
cheap internet for the exchange
ons such as Tisza
communication solution for
of emergency Standard Forms
initiative.
information exchange in emergency
translated into national
cases among the PIACs, ICPDR PS
languages
and other relevant bodies
2.3.-2 Complete the inventory
1. Complete High Accidental Risk
1. Elaborate specific
1. Harmonized risk inventories,
1. Computerized tool and
Jan 2002 -
Sept
presently available only for the upper
Spots Inventory in all Danube
computerized methodology for
ranked risk spots at the level of
application software for
June 2003 2003- Feb
Tisza river basin, and evaluate all high
countries; review the risk evaluation the ARS classification , data
sub-basins as well as the whole
data manipulation and
2005
accidental risk spots in all countries in
criteria
retrieval, visualization and
DRB based on evaluation of the Accidental Risk Spots
the Danube River Basin, in line with
dissemination
risk
Classification
EU legislation, considering that similar
accidental "hot spots" exist in many
transition countries
2.3-3 Design preventive measures,
1. Develop project concept and basic 1. Assess safety of water
1. Basic guidelines for accident
1. Industrial risk reduction
Jan 2002-
Sept
adjust national legislation and improve
guidelines for accidental risk
endangering hazardous
prevention and risk reduction in plans in the most dangerous June 2003 2003-Feb
compliance with safety standards
prevention
installations and draft immediate hazardous installations,
places; estimate of the
2005
and long term preventive
immediate and long-term
national investments for the
measures and action plans
planning approaches
implementation of long
Sept
2. Develop process, stress and
term measures
2003-Feb
environmental impact indicators
2. Updated list of indicators
2006
3. Define vulnerable areas and
developed
assess the need for contingency
3.-4. Vulnerable areas
planning
defined and proposals for
4. Create pilot project proposal
suitable pilot projects
for the most vulnerable area
developed
2.3-4 Maintenance and calibration of
1. Develop project concept
1. Update hydraulic data and
1. Project concept available
1. Model operational
Jan 2002-
Sept
the Danube Basin Alarm Model
2. Review the existing data, reports
parameters of the DBAM
2. Manual developed and
June 2003 2003-Feb
(DBAM), to predict the propagation of and operational regional hydraulic
2. Conduct test in pilot area
implemented
2006
the accidental pollution and evaluate
models
3. Project briefs and TORs for
temporal, spatial and magnitude
3. Identify suitable pilot area(s)
DBAM calibration in the
characteristics in the Danube river
selected pilot area(s)
system and to the Black Sea
2.3-5 Organize workshops to reinforce
1. Organize and carry out two
1. Organize and carry out six
1. Workshops implemented;
1. Improved knowledge and Jan 2002-
Sept
cooperation in accident and
workshops
training seminars / evaluation
appropriate documentation of
expertise, evaluation reports June 2003 2003-Aug
emergency/warning and development
workshops to keep the high
workshop results disseminated
and recommendations
2004
of preventive measures
operational status of PIAC staff
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Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.4: Support for reinforcement of ICPDR Information System (DANUBIS)
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.4-1 Fully develop ICPDR Information
1. Ensure technical and
1.-3. Fully operational
Dec 2001-June
ICPDR Secret. in cooperation
System and ensure that it is used by its
financial support for
ICPDR information system,
2003
with EGs
expert groups and other operational bodies DANUBIS extension (100000
with adequate access in the
USD for equipment)
public area defined
2. Develop reporting
obligations under DRPC
3. Ensure permanent
monitoring of all information
to fulfill the requirements of
the expert group activities
2.4-2 Link all Contracting Parties of the
1. Develop program for
1. Establish
1. Country specific
1. National units
Dec 2001-June
Sept 2003-
ICPDR Secret. in cooperation
ICPDR and other participating countries to implementation and operation
operational units at
programme for linkage of
linked to DANUBIS
2003
Aug 2006
with EGs and national level
DANUBIS, which implies the
of national links to DANUBIS the national level
national units to Danubis
in operation
development and implementation of
linked to
and transboundary
ICPDR Info Syst. in
national linkages and the establishment of 2. Create operational units of
DANUBIS
cooperation of AEWS
2. National AEWS
Sept 2003 -
cooperation with AEPWS/EG
operational units to communicate also in
AEWS and ensure national
developed
units linked to and
Feb 2006
and PIACS
case of accidental emergency situations
links to DANUBIS
2. Establish AEWS
suited to operating in
units linked to and
2. Implementation schedule DANUBIS
suited to operate in for linkage of AEWS units
DANUBIS
to DANUBIS developed
2.4-3 Reinforce DANUBIS through the
1. Create interactive website to 1. Ensure
1. Manual developed and
1. Web site with up-
Dec 2001-June
Sept 2003-
ICPDR Secretariat in
implementation of an interactive web-site
allow graphical analysis of the permanent updating implemented
to-date information
2003
Aug 2006
cooperation with EGs and
to integrate further textual, numerical and
information
of the background
available
consultant (subcontract)
digital mapping information and to fulfill
databases and
all requirements of the work of the nutrient
basin-wide
reduction program, respectively the work
maintenance of the
of the ICPDR and the GEF Project
system
(communication, monitoring, public
information, etc.)
2.4-4 Launch an extensive training
1. Organize two training
1. Organize five
1. Improved knowledge in
1. Fully developed
Dec 2001-June
Sept 2003-
Trainers from ICPDR EGs
program and organize a series of
workshops
training workshops
the use of the tools made
operational national
2003
Aug 2006
and external consultants
workshops at different user levels and in
available by the system
units; improved
different regions of the Danube River
knowledge in the use
Basin in order to train and assist future
of the tools made
users in the best use of the tools made
available by the
available by the system
system
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.5: Implementation of the "Memorandum of Understanding" between the ICPDR and the ICPBS relating to discharges of nutrients and hazardous substances to
the Black Sea
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.5-1 Develop joint work program for
1. Develop joint work program for 1. Implement joint working
1. Joint working programme 1. Working Programme
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003- Joint DANUBE Black
MOU implementation
MOU implementation
program and evaluate results
existing
applied
June 2003
Aug 2006 Sea Working Group
2.5-2 Define and agree on status
1. Define and agree on status
1. Evaluate results and take
1. Indicators defined and
1. Final indicators defined
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003-
indicators to monitor nutrient transport
indicators to monitor nutrient
follow-up actions
agreed upon
and agreed upon
June 2003
Aug 2006
from the Danube and change of
transport from the Danube and
ecosystems in the Black Sea
change of ecosystems in the Black
Sea
2.5-3 Define and establish reporting
1. Define and establish reporting
1. Evaluate results and prepare
1. Reporting procedure
1. Reports in line with
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003-
procedures
procedures
appropriate reports
defined and agreed upon
procedure available in time June 2003
Aug 2006
2.5-4 Reestablish and organize regular
1. Organize regular meetings of
1. Organize regular meetings of
1. Joint actions discussed
1. Joint actions discussed
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003-
meeting of the Joint Danube-Black Sea
the Joint Working Group
the Joint Working Group
and approved
and approved
June 2003
Aug 2006
working groups to evaluate progress of
nutrient reduction and recovery of Black
Sea ecosystems
2.5-5 Organize joint Danube Black Sea
1. Organize meeting at ministerial
1. Work programme
Dec 2002
meeting to approve and sign MOU
level
approved
120
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 2: Capacity building and reinforcement of transboundary cooperation for the improvement of water quality and environmental standards in the DRB
Output 2.6: Training and consultation workshops for resource management and pollution control with particular attention to nutrient reduction and transboundary issues
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
2.6-1 Policy development and legal frame 1. Assess training needs on national and
1. Organize training and consultation 1.-3. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug GEF Project
for transboundary cooperation in nutrient
sub-basin levels and develop training
workshops at the regional and national existing, specific training
knowledge disseminated and applied in
June 2003
2006
Management, ICPDR
reduction and control of toxic substances
program
levels
material developed, target
national policy development
EGs; governments and
(in the context of bilateral and multilateral
groups identified and national
international and
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to
agreements)
staff (trainers) trained
national consultants
conduct training courses
3. Organize regional workshops to train the
trainers
2.6-2 Technical and legal issues of river
1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training and consultation 1.-3. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug
basin planning and transboundary water
training program
workshops in the frame of River Basin existing, training materiel
knowledge disseminated and applied in
June 2003
2006
resources management in line with the new
Management Pilot projects (case
developed, target groups
River Basin Planning and
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to
EU Water Framework Directive with a
study training)
implementation of EU WFD
conduct training courses
identified and national staff
view to ensuring effective nutrient
(trainers) trained
reduction
3. Organize regional workshops to train the
trainers
2.6-3 Technical and legal issues (land
1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training and consultation 1.-2. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug
reclamation) of wetland restoration and
training program
workshops in the frame of wetland
existing, specific material for knowledge disseminated and applied for June 2003
2006
management to assure nutrient removal
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to restoration projects (case study
training developed and target
wetland restoration (improving nutrient
training)
groups identified
reduction capacities)
conduct training courses
2.6-4 Innovative technologies for
1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training workshops and
1.-2. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug
municipal and industrial waste water
training program
develop recommendations during
existing, specific material for knowledge disseminated and applied for June 2003
2006
treatment; use of sewage and animal waste
introduction of innovative technologies
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to training program for application of
training developed and target
as fertilizer to reduce nutrient emissions
innovative technologies
groups identified
conduct training courses
2.6-5 Technical and legal issues of
1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training workshops and
1.-2. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug
management and control of use of
training program
develop recommendations during
existing, specific material for knowledge disseminated and applied for June 2003
2006
fertilizers and manure
training program for use of
training developed and target
introduction of best agricultural practices
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to
groups identified
and use of agrochemicals
conduct training courses
agrochemicals and best agricultural
practices
2.6-6 Preparation of documents for nutrient 1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training workshops and
1.-2. Training program
1. Training organized, specific
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug
reduction projects with international co-
training program
develop formats and project files for
existing, specific material for knowledge disseminated and documents June 2003
2006
funding and application of GEF criteria
specific type of projects for
training developed and target
for international co-funding for nutrient
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to
concerning "incremental cost" calculation
international funding
groups identified
reduction projects prepared at national
conduct training courses
level
2.6-7 Training courses for NGO activities 1. Assess training needs and develop
1. Organize training workshops for
1.-2. Training program
1. Training organized and cooperation
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-Aug GEF Project
training program
NGO cooperation
existing, specific material for with NGOs improved
June 2003
2006
Management, ICPDR
training developed and target
EGs and Secretariat;
2. Identify organization (subcontractor) to
groups identified
international
conduct training courses
consultant
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 3: Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of
ecosystems
Output 3.1: Support for institutional development of NGOs and community involvement
Activities
Implementation Steps Specific
Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
3.1-1 Provide support for the DEF
1. Provide support for
1. Provide support for
1. The DEF Secretariat is
1. The DEF Secretariat is
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003 -
DEF Secretariat in
Secretariat for operation,
operational cost of the DEF
operational cost of the DEF
fully operational and able to
fully operational and able to
Aug 2003
Aug 2006
cooperation with GEF
communication and information
Secretariat (personnel, office, Secretariat (personnel, office, support the national NGOs in
support the national NGOs in
Project Management
management
maintenance, communication, maintenance,
administrative and
administrative and
operational expenditures and
communication, operational
organizational matters
organizational matters
DEF meetings )
expenditures and DEF
meetings )
3.1-2 Organize consultation
1. Identify training needs and 1. Organize training
1. Training programs
1. Training workshops
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003 -
DEF Secretariat. in
meetings and training workshops on develop training programs for workshops (for course
identified; materials prepared
conducted; appropriate
Aug 2003
Aug 2006
cooperation with
nutrients and toxic substances issues specific target groups
content and financing see
documentation of results
ICPDR and educational
2.6.2-6)
2. Training workshop
broadly disseminated
institutions
2. Organize one training
conducted; appropriate
(REC/WWF/ UNIDO)
workshop
documentation of results
broadly disseminated
3.1-3 Publish special NGO
1. Identify and prepare
1. Edit and publish
1. Appropriate materials
1. Appropriate publications
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003 -
DEF Secretariat in
publications in national languages
materials for publication
appropriate materials
prepared for publication
Aug 2003
Aug 2006
cooperation with
on nutrients and toxic substances
ICPDR
3.1-4 Organize training courses for
1. Design training programs
1. Organize training courses
1. Training programs and
1. Training courses
Dec 2001-
Sept 2003 -
DEF Secretariat in
the development of NGO activities
and materials responding to
(for course content and
appropriate materials prepared conducted; cooperation
Aug 2003
Aug 2006
cooperation with
and cooperation in national projects
the identified needs
financing see 2.6.7)
between NGO is strengthened
educational institutions
(nutrient reduction)
2. Training course conducted;
(REC/WWF/UNIDO)
2. Organize one training
appropriate documentation
course
broadly disseminated
* one regional training workshop will be organized for both activities
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Objective 3: Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of
ecosystems
Output 3.2: Applied awareness raising through community based "Small Grant Program"
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
3.2-1 Identify NGO grants programme
1. Prepare and design the structure of
1. Structure of the cooperative
Dec 2001-
REC in cooperation
and projects for reduction of nutrients
the grant program (refer to the
grants program on local /
June 2003
with ICPDR and
and toxic substances and mitigation of
ICPDR Joint Action Program for
national / region-wide level;
DEF under the
transboundary pollution
identifying the grants topics; define
(major topics; guidelines,
supervision of the
the mechanisms of the process;
procedures, mechanisms for
GEF Project
define the categories of grants;
implementation; working plans;
Management
define the procedures for grants
selection process and criteria)
implementation, reporting and
evaluation; identify the selection
criteria for grants; define the
selection process for each of the
granting programs)
3.2-2 Design and implement a region-
1. Call for proposals for
1. Implement
1. List of received applications
1. Implementation of
Dec 2001 -
Sept 2003 -
wide granting program focusing on
demonstration activities / campaigns
demonstration
for demonstration activities /
cooperative projects
June 2003
June 2006
demonstration activities and awareness
/projects
activities /
campaigns /projects
awarded through grants
campaigns for sustainable land
campaigns /
from the grants programme
management and pollution reduction
2. Organize a training workshop for
projects
2. Training workshop
(nutrients) in the agricultural, industrial
awareness raising
implemented; appropriate
and municipal sectors
documentation of results broadly
3. Evaluate proposals for
disseminated
demonstration activities / campaigns
/ projects and select adequate
3. List of selected applications
applications
for demonstration activities /
campaigns /projects
3.2-3 Designe and implement two
1. Call for local grants applications
1. Implement
1. List of applications for grants
1. National projects
Dec 2001 -
Sept 2003 -
granting programs at the local and
Small Grants
awarded through the "Small
June 2003
June 2006
national level in terms of small scale
2. Evaluate the proposed small grants Projects through
2. List of evaluated and selected
Grant Program"
community based investment projects for
projects received and select adequate
national NGOs
applications for grants
implemented
pollution control, rehabilitation of
applications
wetlands, best agricultural practices,
2. Enhanced public
reduction of use of fertilizers, manure
awareness through the
management, improvement of village
"Small Grant Program"
sewer systems, etc.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 3: Strengthening of public involvement in environmental decision making and reinforcement of community actions for pollution reduction and protection of
ecosystems
Output 3.3: Organization of public awareness raising campaigns on nutrient reduction and control of toxic substances
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
3.3-1 Conceptualize and implement
1. Develop concept for public awareness 1. Elaborate public awareness
1. Public Awareness
1. Action Plan implemented
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-
ICPDR (subcontract) in
public awareness raising campaigns raising campaigns on nutrients issues
action plan
Action Plan and
June 2003
June 2006
cooperation with
on nutrients issues
(identify stakeholder and social target
campaign concept
2. Trainers and facilitators
relevant institutions
groups ; identify info channels for
2. Organize seven training
trained for organizing
(DEF, REC, WWF,
communications aimed at raising public
courses for facilitators and
awareness raising campaigns
national NGOs etc)
awareness; identify mechanisms raising
trainers on public awareness
3. Public awareness is
public awareness on nutrient reduction;
rasing and management (see
increased through conduct of
identify training needs for public
also general training for NGOs)
national workshops (special
organizations in communication related
3. Conduct public awareness
attention to accidental
issues)
raising campaigns
pollution and prevention)
3.3-2 Develop and produce materials 1. Prepare materials to inform the public 1. Prepare materials to inform
1.-2. Publications in
1.-2. Publications in public
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-
ICPDR (subcontract) in
for public press and mass media on
on environmental protection and nutrient the public on environmental
public press and mass press and mass media
June 2003
June 2006
cooperation with
nutrients and toxics
reduction
protection and nutrient
media (journals,
(journals, posters, leaflets,
relevant institutions
reduction
posters, leaflets,
articles in mass media, www-
(DEF, REC, WWF,
2. Publish information materials
articles in mass
info, TV)
national NGOs etc)
(journals, posters, leaflets, articles in
2. Publish information
media, www- info,
mass media, www- info, etc) -
materials (journals, posters,
TV)
3. Processed feedback and
investment 100000 USD
articles in mass media, web
enhanced information and
info, etc)
management
3. Monitor information
dissemination efficiency
3.3-3 Support publication of
1. Analyze information needs and publish 1. Analyze information needs
1.-2. (Articles in)
1.-2. (Articles in) regular
Mar 2002-
Sept 2003-
ICPDR in cooperation
scientific documents and regular
(articles in) regular journals or special
and publish (articles in) regular regular journals or
journals or special issues to
June 2003
June 2006
with DEF and national
journals or special issues on water
issues to disseminate information in the
journals or special issues to
special issues to
disseminate information in the
organizations
management and pollution reduction DRB and to the international public in
disseminate information in the disseminate
DRB and to the international
with particular attention to nutrient
English language
DRB and to the international
information in the
public in English and /or
issues and Black Sea recovery
public in English language
DRB and to the
national languages
2. Publish (articles in) regular journals or
international public in
special issues which can be made
2. Publish (articles in) regular
English and /or
available also in national languages
journals or special issues which national languages
can be made available also in
national languages
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Objective 4: Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
Output 4.1: Development of indicators for project monitoring and impact evaluation
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Arrangements
4.1-1 · Establish a system for M&E in using
1. Develop and operationalize a
1. Evaluate practicability and
1. List of indicators for
1. Project progress measured Mar 2002 - Sept 2003 - ICPDR
specific indicators for process (legal and
monitoring and evaluation system to efficiency of the proposed
monitoring and evaluation and analyzed by means of the June 2003 Feb 2006
MLIM/EMIS EG,
institutional frame), stress reduction
follow-up project and programme
monitoring and evaluation
of process, stress and
proposed M&E system
international and
(emissions, removal of hot spots) and
implementation
system
environmental status
2. Information on project
national
environmental status (water quality, recovery
2. Develop impact indicators (process, 3. Apply indicators
implementation progress
consultants
of ecosystems) to demonstrate results of
stress reduction, environmental status)
program and project implementation and to
3. Demonstrate effects of project
to evaluate environmental effects of
evaluate environmental effects of
implementation
policy and programme
implementation of policies and regulations
implementation
(nutrient reduction)
4.1-2 · Review in the frame of the ICPDR
1. Review indicators for emission
1. Update indicators for emission 1.Proposals for up-dating 1a) Options for enhancing the Mar 2002 - Sept 2003 -
Trans National Monitoring Program (TNMN) control and water quality monitoring control and for water quality
of indicators available
M&E system
June 2003 Feb 2006
specific indicators (e.g. bio-indicators) for
with particular attention to nutrients
monitoring and apply in TNMN
1b) Improved information on
emission control and water quality monitoring and toxic substances
emissions
with particular attention to nutrients and toxic
substances
4.1-3 · Establish monitoring system in using
1. Develop progress indicators for the 1. Establish monitoring system in 1. Proposals of progress
1. Progress monitoring
Mar 2002 - Sept 2003 -
specific progress indicators (benchmarks) for monitoring of project implementation using specific progress indicators indicators finalized
system established and
June 2003 Feb 2006
project implementation (GEF- projects
(GEF- supported nutrient reduction
(benchmarks) for project
indicators applied
activities)
projects)
implementation
4.1-4 · Implement ecological status assessment 1. Analyze ecological characteristics 1. Implement ecological status
1. Proposal for monitoring 1. Monitoring system
Mar 2002 - Sept 2003 -
in line with requirements of EU WFD using
and development of bio-indicators
assessment using specific bio-
system and indicators
established to demonstrate
June 2003 Feb 2006
specific bio-indicators to demonstrate effects 2. Identify methods on how to assess indicators to demonstrate effects developed
pollution/nutrient reduction
of pollution /nutrient reduction in water-
the ecological status in line with EU
of pollution/nutrient reduction
2. Methodology for
in the DRB and the Black
bodies and ecosystems
WFD
2. Organize a workshop with
assessment of ecological
Sea
3. Organize a workshop with
participants from relevant
status and indicators
2. Methodology applied in
participants from relevant ministries
ministries and institutions
developed
the frame of TNMN to
and institutions regarding the
regarding adequate application of 3. Workshop implemented; demonstrate
development of process, stress
process, stress reduction and
appropriate workshop
pollution/nutrient reduction
reduction and environmental status
environmental status indicators
documentation broadly
3. Workshop implemented;
indicators
disseminated
appropriate workshop
documentation broadly
disseminated
4.1-5 Prepare a manual on the use and
1. Develop a manual on the use
1.-2. Manuals for M&E and
Sept 2003 -
application of monitoring and impact
and application of indicators
application of indicators
Feb 2006
indicators.
2. Edit and produce manuals in
existing in national languages
national languages for
application at national levels
Note: M&E = monitoring and evaluation
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
125
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 4: Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
Output 4.2: Analysis of sediments in the Iron Gate reservoir and impact assessment of heavy metals and other dangerous substances on the Danube and the Black Sea
ecosystems
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
4.2-1 Collect and review the existing data
1. Collect and review the existing
Report on the contents of
Sept 2003 -
ICPDR and ICPBS
and information on the present situation
data and information on the present
heavy metals, nutrients,
Feb 2004
expert groups (MLIM,
(especially heavy metals, nutrients,
situation
silicates and other dangerous
EMIS + ?) as well as
silicates and other dangerous substances)
substances
CPs from RO, YU and
BG
4.2-2 Assess the main types and quantities
1. Assess the main types and
List and assessed quantities of
Sept 2003 -
of dangerous substances
quantities of dangerous substances
dangerous substances
Feb 2004
4.2-3 Assess the potential environmental
1. Assess the potential
Report on the environmental
Sept 2003 -
impacts on the Danube and the Black Sea
environmental impacts on the
impacts on the Danube and the
Feb 2004
Danube and the Black Sea
Black Sea
4.2-4 Forecast the development for a
1. Forecast the development for a
Draft forecast
Sept 2003 -
period of 20 years
period of 20 years;
Feb 2004
4.2-5 Discuss possible precautionary and
1. Discuss possible precautionary
List of recommendations
Mar 2004 -
rehabilitation measures for the Danube and
and rehabilitation measures for the
containing adequate measures
Aug 2004
the Black Sea
Danube and the Black Sea;
4.2-6 Prepare recommendations for dealing
1. Prepare recommendations how
List of recommended
Mar 2004 -
with this problem in the forthcoming
to deal with this problem in the
measures for the JAP
Aug 2004
decade (measures to be included in the
forthcoming decade
Joint Action Programme of the ICPDR)
4.2-7 Propose further monitoring
4.2-7 Propose further monitoring
Specific monitoring
Mar 2004 -
programmes
programmss
programme
Aug 2004
126
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 4: Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
Output 4.3: Monitoring and assessment of nutrient removal capacities of riverine wetlands
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Arrangements
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
4.3-1 Classify the wetlands and floodplains in the DRB
1. Identify existing or
1. List of potential case study
Mar
2002-
ICPDR expert groups
by category and define potential observation sites
planned/potential case studies and
sites (restoration projects) and
Feb 2003
ECO, EMIS, MLIM;
existing monitoring data
list of data available
WWF, Ramsar
2. Prepare overall assessment of
2. Assessment report on
Convention, NGOs
wetlands (quality and type) in DRB
existing wetlands (by quality
(DEF); linkages to
and types) in DRB (incl. map)
other similar projects
producing useful
4.3-2 Define the methodological approach for assessment 1. Organize international expert
1.-3. Report on agreed
1.
data, linkage to the
of nutrient removal capacities of wetlands and flood
workshop to review existing
methodologies, pre-study
Nov 2002
5th EU action
plains
methodologies and to decide on
results and chosen case study
2.
program
approach in DRB (on pre-study);
observation sites
assess possibilities to make use of data
Mar 2003 -
collected in other projects
June 2003
2. Identify other harmful substances
and their potential to be removed
/stored in restored wetlands
3. Propose observation program (case
studies) in the DRB to be followed for
the 20 years observation programme
4.3-3 Implement the observation program to assess the
1. Organize data collection at chosen sites and
1. First part of
Sept 2003 -
annual removal capacity (tons of N and P and of harmful
start observation programme
observation programme
Feb 2006
substances per ha) for each category of wetland for a
completed (data collected
period of 20 years (3 years covered by present project)
and evaluated)
4.3-4 Assess possibilities for follow-up financing of
1. Identify and propose possibilities for
1. Follow-up funding
Sept 2005
observation program after 2005
follow-up financing of observation program
identified
after 2005
4.3-5 Evaluate the aggregated removal
1. Check the range of removal capacities,
1. Revised and refined
Dec 2003 -
capacities/potentials of nutrient and other harmful
based on new data; confirm/determine existing
baseline for reduction of
June 2006
substances for the wetlands proposed for restoration
baseline information on nutrient removal
nutrients and other
(DPRP), taking into account the results of other
capacities
harmful substances in
investment and observation pro-grams (incl. Danube
wetlands established
Partnership, "Lower Danube Green Corridor")
4.3-6 Develop optimized wetland management programs
1. Assess possibilities to improve wetland
1.-2. Guidance for an
Sept 2005 -
to assure ecologically acceptable nutrient removal in the
management securing stronger removal of
optimized new wetland
Feb 2006
Danube River Basin
nutrients and harmful substances while
management program and
maintaining/ improving the ecological quality;
for selected wetlands
ensure connection with GEF component 1.4
(including map)
2. Describe optimized management of selected
wetlands and provide guidance for taking
account of optimum nutrient removal related
to ecological conditions
4.3-7 Prepare relevant regulations for wetland restoration
1. Prepare Danube wetlands restoration and
1. Danube wetlands
Mar 2006 -
to assure implementation of projects with ecologically
management agreement with action plan for
agreement / action plan
June 2006
acceptable removal capacities for nutrients and other
endorsement by DRB governments
with governmental
harmful substances.
commitments
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT SHEET
Objective 4: Reinforcement of monitoring, evaluation and information systems to control transboundary pollution, and to reduce nutrients and harmful substances
Output 4.4: Danube Basin study on pollution trading and corresponding economic instruments for nutrient reduction
Activities
Implementation Steps
Specific Outputs
Timeframe
Implementation
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 1
Phase 2
Arrangements
4.4.-1 Review existing concepts of
1. Collect and review information
1. Summary report on
Mar 2002-
ICPDR S/EG,
successful "pollutant trading / auctions" regarding existing concepts of pollution
international experiences in
Aug 2002
international
or corresponding economic instruments
trading or corresponding economic
"pollution trading" or
consultant
in the water and air pollution sector in the instruments; carry out a comparative
corresponding economic
US, Australia and Europe
analysis
instruments
4.4-2 Study the principle possibilities to 1. Identify principle possibilities to
1. Report on principal
Sept 2002-
International
establish the idea of "pollution trading" or establish "pollution trading" or
possibilities to establish
June 2003
consultant
corresponding economic instruments for corresponding economic instruments for
appropriate economic
nutrient reduction under the EU policies nutrient reduction in the DRB
instruments for nutrient
and directives in the Danube River Basin 2. Review and analyze the relevant
reduction in the DRB
legislation on national and international
2. Report on legal analysis
level
focusing on legal texts to be
3. Identify contradictions and basic
changed
obstacles
3.-4. "Draft" of legal and policy
4. Identify legal and policy changes
changes required
required
4.4-3 Assess the main problems /
1. Study the needs for "pollution
1.-2. Report on "pollution
Sept 2002-
ICPDR / EU,
obstacles for "pollution trading" and
trading" and corresponding economic
trading" needs, definition of
June 2003
EMIS EG, MLIM
corresponding economic instruments in
instruments on a country level
discharge quotas and general
EG, international
the DRB and the interest of the particular 2. Elaborate principles for the definition
rules for economic assessment
consultant, national
DRB countries for implementation
and determination of country -specific
of the relevant pollution on a
consultants
"discharge quotas"
country basis
3. Identify main obstacles to
3.-4. Assessment of general
implementation in the particular
viability of the "pollution
countries
trading" concept in the DRB
and recommendations to the
4. Develop criteria for potential
ICPDR
"donors" and "receivers"
4.4-4 Present the basic findings and
1. Organize a workshop for all
1. Elaborate comprehensive
1. Report on workshop results; 1. Comprehensive
Sept 2003- ICPDR secretariat
discuss the results with all stakeholder
stakeholder groups
working papers addressing the final conclusions regarding the information papers
Aug 2004 International
groups on a DRB wide workshop
main stakeholder groups
feasibility of the "pollution
disseminated to all relevant
consultant, national
(administration, industry and trading" concept in the DRB
stakeholder groups
consultants, national
general public);
countries
and international
2. Assure intensive discussion
NGOs (DEF)
and broad dissemination of
information
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
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Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
131
G. Monitoring and Evaluation
Inception Report and Work Plans
The inception report will be prepared by the Project Team at an early stage of the project
implementation (preparatory phase) and represents the finalization of the project design. It will include
a general work plan and the first detailed annual work plan. To assure a broad consensus of all
stakeholders it is proposed to organize an Inception Workshop at the beginning of the Project to
elaborate the Work Plan and to define the modalities of project implementation.
Further on, the project team, in cooperation with the ICPDR Expert Groups will prepare annually the
work plans, comprising the provision of inputs, activities and expected results as well as time
schedules and persons/institutions responsible for inputs and results.
Mid-term and final project evaluation procedure
a) Project objectives, outputs and emerging issues will be regularly reviewed and evaluated annually
by the Project Steering Committee, respectively the ICPDR Steering Group, enlarged by
representatives from the UN organizations and other parties concerned. The project will be
subject to the various evaluation and review mechanisms of the UNDP, including the Annual
Programme / Project Report (APR), the Tri-Partite Review (TPR), and an external Evaluation and
Final Report prior to termination of the 1st phase of the Project. The project will also participate
in the annual Project Implementation Review (PIR) exercise of the GEF.
b) In addition, particular emphasis will be given to GEF policy with regard to monitoring and
evaluation in the context of GEF IW projects. The standard GEF indicators for monitoring and
evaluation purposes consist of Process Indicators, Stress Reduction Indicators, and Environmental
Status Indicators.
c) Supplementary to the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) described above, monitoring of the
project will be undertaken by a contracted supervision firm, and by a balanced group of experts
selected by UNDP. The extensive experience by UNDP in monitoring large programs will be
drawn upon to ensure that the project activities are carefully documented. There will be two
evaluation periods, one at mid-term and another at the end of the Program.
d) The mid-term review will focus on relevance, performance (effectiveness, efficiency and
timeliness), issues requiring decisions and actions and initial lessons learned about project design,
implementation and management. The final evaluation will focus on similar issues as the mid-
term evaluation but will also look at early signs of potential impact and sustainability of results,
including the contribution to capacity development and the achievement of global environmental
goals. Recommendations on follow-up activities will also be provided.
e) Approximately 1% of project funds will be allocated for the M&E to be undertaken by
independent experts and UNDP. The evaluation process will be carried out according to standard
procedures and formats in line with GEF requirements. The process will include:
(i) the collection and analysis of data on the Program and its various projects including an
overall assessment, the achievement of clearly defined objectives and performance with
verifiable indicators, annual reviews, and
(ii) the description and analysis of stakeholder participation in the Program design and
implementation. Explanations will be given on how the monitoring and evaluation results
will be used to adjust the implementation of the Program if required and to replicate the
results throughout the region. As far as possible, the M&E process will be measured
according to a detailed work-plan and a Logical Framework Analysis approach developed
and tabulated in the project document.
f) The project design includes the communication of all project findings to concerned and interested
parties. In this context, and to ensure maximum transparency, all results of M&E performance
review, etc. will be communicated to all stakeholders and interested parties of the public.
132
Danube Regional Project Phase 1
Monitoring and Evaluation Scheme
Activity / Report
Year 1*
Year 2
Year 3
4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
Inception Report and Work
X
Plan
Annual Programme Report
X
Tripartite Review and Report
X
Project Implementation
X
Review
Mid-term Evaluation
X
Final Evaluation
X
Terminal Report
X
Audit
X
* The Project will start in September and therefore only last quarter of the first year is considered for project
activities.
Strengthening the Implementation Capacities for Nutrient Reduction and Transboundary Cooperation
141
J. Annexes to the Project Brief
ANNEX 1
Incremental Cost Analysis and Matrix
Project Phase 1
ANNEX 2
Logical Frame Matrix Phase 1 and Phase 2
(Objectives, Results, Activities)
ANNEX 3
STAP Review (UNDP) and Response
ANNEX 4
Project Budget Project Phase 1
ANNEX 5
Project Implementation Schedule
Project Phase 1
ANNEX 6
Assessment of Nutrient Emissions and Loads
Discharged into the Black Sea
ANNEX 7
Thematic Maps
ANNEX 8
Summary Reports on National Contributions in
Support of the Project Brief
ANNEX 9
Danube / Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership
ANNEX 10
Relevance of the GPA for Land-Based Sources of
Pollution in the frame of the DRPC
ANNEX 11
Causes and Effects of Eutrophication in the
Black Sea
ANNEX 12
Evaluation of the UNDP/GEF Pollution Reduction
Programme
ANNEX 13
Endorsement Letters
Document Outline