United Nations

Global Environment
Environment Programme Facility

UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB PROJECT

ADDRESSING LAND BASED ACTIVITIES
IN THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN

PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY for the WIO-LaB PROJECT

Table of contents

1:

Introduction 2
a.
Project
context
2

b. Project
sustainability
2

II: Developing a WIO-LaB Sustainability
Strategy
3

Section 1: Parameters for sustainability

3

Section 2: Requirements for sustainability
4

III: The WIO-LaB Sustainability Strategy

19

Section 3: Recommendations for Sustainability
19

ANNEX 1: PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY

21

1

Acronyms

CBO Community-based
Organization
CHM Clearinghouse
Mechanism
EIA Environmental
Impact
Assessment
EQO Environmental
Quality
Objective
EQS
Environmental Quality Standard
GPA
Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities
ICARM
Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin Management
LBA Land-based
Activity
LBS Land-based
Source
MWW Municipal
Wastewater
NC Nairobi
Convention
NEPAD
New Partnership for African Development
NFP
National Focal Point
NGO Non-governmental
Organization
NPA
National Programme of Action
PADH
Physical Alteration and Destruction of Habitats
TDA
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
RCU
Regional Coordination Unit
SAP
Strategic Action Plan
WIO
Western Indian Ocean
WIO-LaB
Project "Addressing Land-based Activities in de Western Indian
Ocean"

2

I. INTRODUCTION:

a. Project context:

The marine and coastal environment, and the goods and services it provides, are under threat in
many regions of the world. Some of the world's most valuable coastal and marine ecosystems
are to be found in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. The WIO States, having recognized
the urgent need for better and more effective management of their coastal and marine resources,
developed and approved the WIO-LaB project, under the umbrella of the Nairobi Convention
(NC). The broad goal of this project is to contribute to the environmentally sustainable
management and development of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region by addressing the
land-based sources of pollution that have adverse impacts on rivers, estuaries and coastal
waters, as well as their biological resources.

The Project focuses on addressing major land-based activities in the WIO region and represents
a strong partnership between the WIO countries, the Norwegian Government, UNEP and GEF.
The Project is also designed to serve as a demonstration project of the Global Programme of
Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) of
UNEP.

The project aims to achieve three major objectives:
· Improve the knowledge base and establish and demonstrate regional strategies for the
reduction of stress to the marine and coastal ecosystem by improving water and
sediment quality
· Strengthen regional legal basis for preventing land-based sources of pollution, including
implementation of GPA
· Develop regional capacity and strengthen institution for sustainable, less polluting
development including the implementation of the Nairobi Convention

b. Project sustainability:

In order to ensure long-term sustainability of the project outputs and outcomes, the WIO-LaB
Project has developed a Sustainability Strategy. This strategy identifies and defines concrete
measures to be taken in order to carry forward the positive benefits gained from this project, as
well as to ensure sustainability of actions during the implementation of project itself.

3

II. Developing a WIO-LaB Sustainability Strategy:

Methodology:
In order to determine what is required to achieve project sustainability as well as longer-term
sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment while addressing land based
activities and sources of pollution, this document uses project Outputs as a starting point for
analysis. Section 2 therefore shows what is required in developing sustainable outputs during
project implementation as well as the requirements for maintaining output benefits in the longer
term post-project implementation.

Having thus determined the requirements for sustainability in the project context, a broad
sustainability framework called the Pillars of Sustainability have been applied in order to
develop the Sustainability Strategy for the project. This forms Section 3 of this document.
The 5 pillars of sustainability are shown in Annex 1. They are Legislative Authority,
Governance, Science and Information, Economic structure and Capacity Building.

III. Elaboration of the Sustainability Strategy

The elaboration of the sustainability strategy is divided into 3 parts:

Section 1 defines the parameters for sustainability as used to develop the sustainability
strategy

Section 2 analyses and develops the project sustainability strategy by determining the
requirements for achieving sustainability using project outputs

Section 3 summarizes the requirements and proposes a set of recommendations using the
Pillars of sustainability as a basis for the Sustainability Strategy

Section 1: Parameters for sustainability

a. The WIO-Lab context
The WIO-LaB Project will be considered to be sustainable if countries in the WIO region
become better equipped to manage impacts of land based activities on the coastal and marine
environment and if the following outcomes (as defined in the Project Monitoring and
Evaluation Plan) are achieved:
· commonly agreed upon and applied strategies and standards as tools for sound
environmental management;
· a well-designed and applied regional legal framework that addresses land based
activities;
· adequate institutional capacity for ensuring sustainable development and management of
the marine and coastal environment; and
· broad based stakeholder involvement and support to the activities and processes initiated
by the project, including measures defined in the SAP.

4

b. Sustainability of marine and coastal management
As mentioned above, sustainability has been broadly defined in this document by using the 5
Pillars of Sustainability see Annex 1 for details. These pillars will be used to develop the
WIO-LaB Sustainability strategy in Section 3.
5

Section 2: Requirements for sustainability

This section shows the expected outputs of the WIO-LaB Project and extrapolates the requirements (for the short and long term) for attaining
sustainable results, both at the regional level, by the project, as well as at the national level by the NFPs and other stakeholders.

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
Regional EQO/EQS for
-Political commitment to adopt and apply -Facilitate regional political commitment -Ensure that the standards are embedded
water and sediment
the objectives and standards at the
by ensuring that the relevant national
into practice through policy directives or
quality.
national level.
stakeholders are involved in developing
in national programmes.

the EQO/EQSs.
-Ensure that institutional mechanisms are
-Ensure that the EQO/EQSs are
in place to apply standards.
nationally relevant and applicable and
-Allocate financial resources for applying
that the tools and capacity needed to
EQO/EQS's (for information
apply them nationally are available.
dissemination, monitoring, assessment).

-Capacity (human, technical and
-Technical and financial assistance to be
-Identify human capacity needs and plan
financial) to apply standards where
provided by the project in applying
to fill these needs (may require training
applicable.
standards and in finding the means to
of new staff).
build capacity nationally.
-Funding for technical capacity (know-
how and tools needed to apply
standards).
-Allocate financial resources for
continued capacity building (for
technical expertise, for technological
needs).

6

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
-National level involvement of all
-Facilitate and encourage broad
-Ensure transparent and representative
relevant stakeholders in defining and
stakeholder involvement in the definition stakeholder involvement (on the basis of
applying EQS/EQOs so that they are
of EQS/EQOs as well as dissemination
the National Stakeholder Involvement
regionally accepted and realistically
of information in this regard. The basis
Plan) in the definition of EQS/EQOs.
applicable at the national level.
for this would be provided through the
-Use and maintain a network of national

Stakeholder Involvement Plan.
experts on water, sediment & biota

quality (building on the national
Working Group on water, sediment and
biota quality established under the
project) to ensure that the most updated
and accurate scientific information is
used/developed.

Monitoring and
-Political support and commitment to
-Facilitate the development of the
-Develop a national programme or plan
assessment Programme.
adopt and apply the monitoring and
monitoring programme by involving all
to implement the monitoring and
assessment programme at the national
relevant stakeholders and by providing
assessment programme.
level
guidance as needed for developing a
-Embed national programmes into the

programme that can be regionally
regional government programme and
accepted and implemented.
budget.
-Work on achieving regional

commitment and coordination through
the NC for implementation of the
programme as well as to use the
monitoring and assessment data collected
regionally and nationally to improve
management of LBA/S of pollution.
7

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements

-Involvement of as many relevant
-Ensure that the National and Regional
-Involve key stakeholders so that more
stakeholders as possible to ensure
Stakeholder Involvement Plans
capacity is developed and available for
support and continued application of the
determine who and how stakeholders
monitoring and assessment
programme.
should be involved and encourage their
-Develop partnerships with the private

full involvement.
sector, NGOs etc to assist in monitoring
-Establish a regional Working Group that and assessment and so that more funding
facilitates region-wide interaction
opportunities are made available.
between key institutions involved in
-Establish a national Working Group that
monitoring and assessment of water and
facilitates nation-wide interaction
sediment quality.
between key institutions involved in

monitoring and assessment of water and
sediment quality.

-National human, technical and financial
-Undertake a region-wide capacity
-Determine longer-term financial needs
capacity to conduct monitoring and
assessment in order to determine
for the programme/plan and allocate
assessment activities.
requirements for capacity building.
funding for on-going monitoring and

-Implement a capacity building
assessment (technical and technological).
programme, including training and
-Ensure the technical and human
provision of equipment and supplies as
resource capacity requirement is kept up
needed to support the national
to date, and is adequately spread between
institutions in the implementation of the
institutions involved.
monitoring programme.

8

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
MWW and PADH
-Involvement of relevant stakeholders in
-Facilitate and support the development
-Domestication of the MWW and PADH
Management guidelines.
the process of reviewing and applying
of National Stakeholder Involvement
guidelines through transparent and
guidelines for MWW and PADH
Plans defining responsibilities and
representative stakeholder involvement.
management.
actions for implementation of activities
-Maintain a network of national experts

related to the review and development of on MWW and PADH management,
the guidelines.
among others through the establishment
-Encourage broad based stakeholder
of national Task Forces, so that the best
involvement through the establishment of and most accurate scientific and
regional MWW and PADH Task Forces. technical information is always available.

-Embed the Regional Annex for MWW
into national processes such as the
National Plans of Action or similar
strategies so that they are applied as a
matter of practice.

-National and Regional acceptability and -Facilitate, through financial and
-Facilitate a national forum for
applicability of the GPA MWW
technical assistance, the development of
discussion of the MWW guidelines and
guidelines and key principles for PADH
a regionalized Annex on MWW by
PADH key principles through the
management.
providing a forum for consultation on
national MWW and PADH Task Forces.

these issues and encouraging regional

stakeholder involvement.
-Facilitate a regional forum for
discussion of the MWW guidelines and
PADH key principles through the
regional MWW and PADH Task Forces.

9

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements

-National human, technical and financial
-Facilitate a capacity needs assessment
-Ensure that the necessary technical
capacity to implement the GPA MWW
exercise to determine training and
capacity for applying the guidelines is
guidelines and key principles for PADH
educational needs in all participating
available and allocate the necessary
management.
countries
funding.

-Develop training guides based on agreed -Maintain a network of national experts
priorities and implement training to build on MWW and PADH management for
capacity.
the provision of technical assistance and

for the application of the guidelines.

Demonstration projects
-Build on national and regional capacity
-Encourage broad stakeholder
-Ensure that the demonstration project/s
for MWW and PADH.
in order to improve the resident
involvement in the selection and
are visible nationally and with adequate

knowledge and experience base to
implementation of demonstration
political support, seen as an opportunity

address MWW and PADH problems.
projects, including NGOs, CBOs and the to bring together all relevant stakeholders

private sector, by defining relevant
and to build partnerships for future

selection criteria and through interaction
collaboration.

with project proponents and NFPs.
-.Ensure that a wide-as possible

-Encourage the use of available national
stakeholder base is used for the

and regional expertise and encourage
development of proposals.
regional partnerships in the design and
-Ensure that relevant national and
implementation of demonstration
regional expertise that may be of value in
projects, by defining relevant selection
developing and implementing the project
criteria and through interaction with
is tapped into.
project proponents and NFPs.

10

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements

-Embed strategies and activities for
-Ensure that the criteria for selection of
-Assess the potential for sustainability
sustainability and replication in project
demonstration projects include
(technical, financial, institutional) before
design
provisions that will ensure regional
submitting projects for consideration.
applicability, sustainability and
-Ensure that strategies for sustainability
replicability.
and replicability are embedded in the
-Pre-select demonstration projects on
project design.
MWW and PADH that are potentially
- Ensure that all parameters are in place
replicable and sustainable.
to ensure sustainability and replicability
- Ensure that all parameters are in place
of projects through proper review of
to ensure sustainability and replicability
design and through monitoring of
of projects through proper review of
implementation.
design and through monitoring of

implementation.

NPA's
-National human, technical and financial
-Build national institutional capacity to
-Constitute a team of experts from
capacity for developing NPA's and for
develop and implement NPA's through
public/private sectors (policy/
implementing them effectively.
technical advice and training (where
governmental, scientific and technical,

needed).
legal experts, industry) as part of a core

team to assist with the development and
implementation of NPAs.
-Allocate financial resources for
implementing the NPA.

11

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
-Political support to ensure full
-Encourage all participating countries to
-Integrate NPAs in the environmental
implementation of NPAs as a tool for
develop NPA's (although only 4
agenda/strategy through policy
marine and coastal management.
countries will be financially facilitated
directives.
In countries that do not have NPAs, or
by the project, the others will have access -Integrate the NPA process by allocating
will not develop these there is need for
to technical and advisory support to
funding in the annual budget for
political support to develop and apply
develop their NPAs)
continued NPA development and use.
similar long-term environmental
-Through the regional inter-ministerial
-Demonstrate political support from
strategies to mitigate LBA/S of pollution. mechanisms of the Nairobi Convention,
NPAs by providing incentives for

build political support for NPA
demonstrated good environmental
development in the entire region as a tool management.
for sustainable environmental

management.

-Broad-based, but relevant stakeholder
-Encourage broad based stakeholder
-Ensure that stakeholder involvement
involvement in the development and
involvement in the NPA process on the
forms an integral part of the NPA
implementation of the NPA's.
basis of sound National Stakeholder
process by making it a requirement of the
Involvement Plans.
NPA process.

EIA guidelines
-Regional political commitment to
-Facilitate the inclusion of the EIA
-Incorporate these trans-boundary EIA
develop and apply guidelines for EIA in
principles in the LBA Protocol as an
guidelines into existing national EIA
the trans-boundary context.
Annex.
guidelines/legislation.

12

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements

-National human, technical and financial
-Ensure that the human, financial and
-Ensure that the necessary technical
capacity to implement the EIA
technical capacity requirements are taken capacity for applying the guidelines is
guidelines.
into consideration when developing the
available and allocate the necessary

guidelines.
funding.
-Maintain a network of national experts
on EIA for the provision of technical
assistance and for the application of the
guidelines.

-Involvement of relevant stakeholders in
-Facilitate and support the development
-Domestication of the EIA guidelines
the process of developing regional EIA
of National Stakeholder Involvement
through transparent and representative
guidelines.
Plans defining responsibilities and
stakeholder involvement.

actions for development of regional EIA
-Maintain a network of national experts
guidelines.
on EIA, so that the best and most
-Encourage broad based stakeholder
accurate scientific and technical
involvement through the establishment of information is always available.
regional EIA Task Forces.

-National and Regional acceptability and -Facilitate, through financial and
-Undertake a national-level of review of
applicability of the EIA guidelines.
technical assistance, a review of existing
existing EIA regulations, procedures,

(national) EIA guidelines as a basis for
guidelines and practices.
the development of the regional
-Embed the regional EIA guidelines into
guidelines.
national procedures and processes such
-Facilitate a regional forum for
as the EIA regulations or similar
discussion of the EIA guidelines through procedures so that they are applied as a
the regional EIA Task Force.
matter of practice.

13

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
Demonstration project
-Political commitment to apply the
-Ensure that the lessons learnt and best
-Lessons learnt from the demonstration
based on ICARM
ICARM principles nationally.
practices from the demonstration projects project as well as best practices should
principles (while the

are well documented and widely
be incorporated nationally as much as
demonstration project will
disseminated in the region.
possible and their wide-use should be
be implemented in

encouraged.
Mozambique only, the

requirements proposed
-National capacity (financial and
-Build national capacity while
-Allocate funding for applying ICARM
apply to all countries).
technical support) for applying ICARM
developing long-term strategies for
principles (technical and technological).

principles.
institutional strengthening.

-Broad-based stakeholder involvement
-Develop Stakeholder Involvement plans -Develop a network of experts from the
(from the river basin as well as the
as part of the ICARM demo project that
public and private sectors including
coastal and marine environment).
determine who should be involved and
research and educational institutions for

how.
ICARM related informational and data
needs and for providing and developing
policy and legal guidance.

LBA Protocol
-Political support at the regional level
-Facilitate regional commitment to adopt -Participate in regional coordination
(Nairobi Convention) to adopt the LBA
an LBA Protocol that is regionally
efforts concerning the LBA Protocol, and
Protocol.
applicable and provides a strong
facilitate interaction between the national

framework for the national management
and regional perspectives through the

of LBA, through the available
regional Legal and Technical Review
mechanisms of the NC.
Task Force.
-Establish a regional Legal and Technical
Review Task Force as a forum for
discussions and alignment of specific
country perspectives.

14

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
-Strong national support from relevant
-Encourage stakeholder involvement
-Embed the Protocol in national policy
stakeholders including the private sector
through supporting the establishment of
and legislation.
to implement the legal Protocol
national Legal and Technical Review
-Develop a standing national network of
nationally.
Task Forces.
experts in the form of a national Legal

-Encourage private sector involvement.
and Technical Review Task Force to
discuss and embed the Protocol
nationally, and to monitor, assess and
report on the effectiveness of its
implementation.

-National human, technical and financial
-Provide training to regional legal
-Allocate national level funding for
capacity for implementing the LBA
experts on environmental issues related
implementation of the Protocol through
evaluating, embedding and implementing to LBA and by training policy and
embedding it into national legislation and
the LBA Protocol.
technical experts on the legal aspects of
through practice.

LBA.

Strengthened Nairobi
-Political commitment by all
-Develop regional ownership of the NC
-NFPSs should be actively involved in
Convention as a Regional
participating countries for a strengthened through increased exposure arising from
informing (political level) stakeholders
Coordinating Centre
NC and to make it a strong Regional
the project, so that the political
of the benefits and activities of the NC.
Coordinating Centre which reflects
commitment for sustaining operations of
-Countries should commit to national
regional priorities and supports national
the convention will be ensured.
contributions to the NC in order to
management related to LBA/S of
-Build regional networks and increase
sustain its operations.
pollution.
the profile of the Convention through

regional events such as the WIO
International Water Forums.

15

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
Increased involvement of
-Strong regional stakeholder involvement -Facilitate the establishment and
-Constitute a National Coordination
a broad range of
coordinated through the National Focal
functioning of National Coordinating
Committee with a mandate to enhance
stakeholder groups in the
Points and the National Coordinating
Committee that will ensure the active
effective national coordination and
implementation of project Committees (or similar coordinating
involvement of a network of relevant
communication amongst all stakeholders
activities
body) during the project and after its
stakeholders.
during the project and after its
completion.
-Enhance regional coordination through
completion.
the Nairobi Convention Secretariat,
-Broad stakeholder support/agreement on
through the International Waters Forum s the project outputs so that they can be
well as through individual project
effectively implemented nationally.
activities to maximize synergies and
-Development of Public-private
enhance complementarities and to create
partnerships at the national level by
durable partnerships.
ensuring the involvement of the private
-Increase involvement of NGOs and
sector in project activities and by
CBOs through their encouragement of
planning future public-private sector
their involvement in project activities
collaborating activities.
and in particular the demonstration
-Increase involvement of NGOs and
projects.
CBOs through encouragement of their
-Enhance stakeholder involvement at the involvement in project activities and in
local level through the facilitation of
particular the demonstration projects.
awareness campaigns and through the
-Enhance local stakeholder involvement
implementation of a small-grants
through the implementation of awareness
programme.
campaigns and a small-grants

programme.

18

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements
Strengthened capacity
-Capacity building of relevant
-Ensure the involvement of relevant
-The training and educational guides
through training and
stakeholders to undertake continued
stakeholders in determining training and
developed should be used as part of
education
training and educational activities.
educational priorities to be addressed by
national curricula. May require the

the project, through a region-wide
allocation of funding to support this.
training and educational needs
-Provisions should be made to
assessment.
continually develop national capacity
-Encourage the training through relevant
after the project has ended to ensure
national and regional partners (i.e. those
continuity of benefits derived during the
already mandated for training and
project.
education).
-Allocate funding for continuous national

training for relevant stakeholders on
aspects of environmental management.

TDA/SAP
-Political support to validate that the
-The approval of the final TDA/SAP
-Embed the TDA/SAP into national
TDA is scientifically accurate and legally regionally should be a strong regional
governance processes.
acceptable and can be used to develop a
commitment by countries to address
-Strong political commitment to ensure
policy-relevant SAP.
trans-boundary impacts of land based
the necessary institutional, legal and
-Political commitment for the Strategic
activities using the project as a catalyst
policy reforms.
Action Plan.
for future actions such as the effective
-Strong political commitment should be
implementation of the SAP. The Nairobi
backed by allocation of the necessary
Convention, through its inter-regional
funding for priority issues.
consultation mechanisms, will be used as - Development NPAs to support
the principle mechanism to achieve this.
implementation of the SAP at the
- Support the project countries in the
national level.
development of NPAs within the scope

of the wider SAP in order to create
national ownership.

19

Outputs
What is required for sustainability at
Actions to be taken by the project to
Actions to be taken by national
resulting from project
the national
ensure sustainability of the
governments to ensure sustainability of
implementation
and regional level
requirements
the requirements

-Human resources, technical and
-Provide training through the
-Determine the means for sustainable
financial capacity for the SAP.
development of training guides and
financial resources to implement the NC

through educational material on
and its Protocols and for future
management of specific issues.
implementation of the SAP both
-Provide technical support in the
nationally and regionally.
development of tools for management of
- Approach donors to provide financial
LBAs.
and technical support for the
-Provide financial support for the
implementation of the SAP and NPA.
development of a policy relevant SAP.

- Assist countries in attracting additional

donor financing for implementation of
the SAP and NPAs.

-Broad stakeholder involvement and
-Encourage the involvement of all
-Ensure that the National stakeholder
acceptability of the measures defined in
relevant stakeholders for regional and
involvement plans are developed and
the SAP.
national buy-in to the process through
implemented in a transparent manner

implementation of the National and
involving a broad range of stakeholders.
Regional Stakeholder Involvement Plans. -Actively involve all stakeholders in

implementation of project activities as
far as possible.
-Ensure that these stakeholders,
identified in the national stakeholder
involvement plans will also be involved
in SAP implementation.

-A strong legal basis for implementation
-Facilitate the work of the Task Forces
-Outputs from this project should
and monitoring of the SAP.
(national and regional) and assist in the
translate into national policies,

production of a strong LBA Protocol
programmes or plans for continued
-Facilitate regional commitment, through implementation.
the Nairobi Convention, for a strong

LBA protocol.

20

Section 3: Recommendations for sustainability:

Based on the requirements identified in Section 2 above for project and post project sustainability, and using the Pillars of Sustainability as
presented in Annex 1 as a framework for these requirements, the following set of recommendations have been identified to ensure the long-term
sustainability of the project outputs and achievements.

STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF PROJECT OUTPUTS AND RESULTS

Pillar 1: LEGAL (legislative, and regulatory frameworks for law-making, compliance, enforcement)
· The LBA Protocol will provide the legislative authority for the management of the marine and coastal environment related to LBA/S of
pollution.
· The Protocol must be supported by national monitoring and assessment activities to ensure that management is on track and that
improvements are being continuously made based on assessment data as necessary;
· The Protocol should preferably be supported by an enforcement mechanism to ensure that its conditions are being enforced.

Pillar 2: ECONOMIC structure (includes funding mechanisms and the use of economic instruments for SD)
· The regional management and coordination of activities will require the establishment of a financial mechanism such as a Trust fund
whereby participating countries voluntarily contribute funds for implementation of activities such as the SAP. Since the NC has a Trust Fund,
it should be determined whether it is feasible to use it by increasing the levels of contribution to be paid to accommodate additional activities.
· National level coordination and management of the marine and coastal environment requires allocation of funds in the national annual budget
for activities, including but not limited to those defined as part of the SAP and NPAs.
· Next to national budgets, the implementation of the SAP will require regional coordination to develop proposals for financing SAP
implementation (including but not limited to GEF funding). At the national level, the same applies to the NPAs.
· Economic incentives should form a part of the strategy for environmental management of LBA/S. Other economic instruments that may be
used, as appropriate, are taxes and tariffs which should be based on principles such as the `polluter-pays'.
· In addition, as a "soft" measure, it would be useful to develop strategies at the national level (using economic methods) to inform the general
public and other key stakeholders (including various levels of government) of the economic value of the marine and coastal environment.

Pillar 3: GOVERNANCE (Institutional and political support for developing and implementing sustainable development strategies)
· Political support should be formalized by embedding the strategies and guidelines developed by the project into national policy frameworks
and by strengthening institutions through funding and capacity building.
21

· The National Coordinating Committees should play a key role in the implementation of activities at the national level and should ensure
broad stakeholder representation so that such initiatives are nationally `owned' and not imposed upon.
· Regional coordination through a strengthened Nairobi Convention Secretariat and its Regional Co-ordinating Unit, as well as through other
initiatives such as NEPAD is required so that regional priorities are appropriately addressed and embedded in regional policies and
instruments for governance.
· Reporting mechanisms should be integrated into national policy mechanisms as well as through the Nairobi Convention so as to provide
feedback on implementation of the defined strategies and workplans.

Pillar 4: SCIENCE and INFORMATION (Scientific and technical capacity know how, data, research; opportunities for learning through
knowledge gained)
· Developing networks of national and regional networks of experts on issues such as MWW, PADH, and legal aspects of LBA management
to ensure that current and scientifically accurate data is always available to decision-makers.
· Developing networks of academic and research institutions active in the management and assessment of the marine and coastal
environment as a means of empowering these institutions to increase their `impact'.
· Developing partnerships for addressing LBA at the national level with the private sector and NGOS's and other key stakeholders by building
on comprehensive National stakeholder Involvement Plans to be developed by the project.
· Maintaining and using knowledge-based tools such as the CHM, GIS for better management of data and information required for well
informed decision-making.

Pillar 5: CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT (human & funding capacity: training and involving people to be part of the solution and having the
capacity to do so)
· The project's training and education programme should be geared at building capacity at strategic levels and aspects of LBA/S management,
based upon a structured assessment of capacity building requirements.
· Funding should be made available nationally and regionally for further enhancing the skills and knowledge of the environmental managers.
· A regional and national commitment to create and maintain a learning environment by sharing information, tools and capacity and through
continuous education and training (building on the tools developed by the project such as the CHM for information exchange; educational
materials which should as far as possible be integrated into national educational curricula; training materials developed by the project to train a
larger group of environmental managers, etc.).
· Maintaining and strengthening stakeholder and expert networks developed through building regional networks including through the
International Waters Forum and other national and regional stakeholder meetings.
· The involvement of all relevant stakeholders in environmental management of the marine and coastal environment should be strongly
encouraged and consistently practiced.
22

·
Developing strong

partnerships with the private sector by involving them in environmental management.

The GOALS FOR SUSTAINBILITY OF THE WIO-LAB PROJECT

· commonly agreed upon and applied strategies and standards as tools for sound environmental management;

· a well-designed and applied regional legal framework that addresses land based activities;
· adequate institutional capacity for ensuring sustainable development and management of the marine and coastal environment; and
· broad based stakeholder involvement and support to the activities and processes initiated by the project, including measures defined in the
SAP.

Legislative
Governance
Science &
Economic
Capacity
authority
Information
structure
development
Strong and
-Harmonized and co-
Science:
-Use of economic
Training and
appropriate legal and
ordinated roles for
-Developing and
instruments to
education and
regulatory
national and local
maintaining resource
promote sustainable
availability of
frameworks to
government
centres for data and
behaviour through
necessary tools
address LBA/S of
authorities.
information required
incentives, taxation
including know-how
pollution as related
-Integration of
for planning and
etc.
required for their use
to management,
national policies with management
-Using economic
for better
compliance,
regional and
purposes.
methods such as
management of the
enforcement and
international
-Research and
valuation, cost-
marine and coastal
surveillance
obligations.
networks of expertise benefit analysis, etc
environment;
capabilities.
-Political support at
to enhance data
for valuing

the highest levels
quality and for
environmental goods
Partnerships:
that should permeate
cooperative action in
and services.
building alliances
all levels of
the planning and use
-Strong national
with stakeholders to
government.
of resources.
commitment
share responsibilities

(through the
for management & to
Information:
provision of funds)
increase the funding
-Public awareness
for developing and
available for
and information
implementing
management.
dissemination
national

(linked to science)
environmental
Involvement: of all
on the value of
strategies.
key stakeholders in
marine and coastal
developing and
resources and on the
implementing
need for their
national
sustainable use and
environmental
management.
strategies.

23

ANNEX 1: PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY (adapted from Neeyati Patel's thesis concept)

Document Outline