UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Global Project with participation from the governments of:
Brazil, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, Lao
Project Number: GLO/01/G34
Summary of UNDP and Cost-Sharing
Project Title:
UNDP:
Current Previous Change
Removal of Barriers to the Introduction of Other (GEF)
$6,488,000
Cleaner Artisanal Gold Mining and Extraction
Technologies
Project Short Title:
AOS
$318,800
Global: Mercury
Project Duration: 3 years
Sub-total $6,806,800
Management Arrangement:
UN Agency Execution
Designated Institution:
N/A
UN Implementing Agency:
United Nations Industrial Development
Organization
GEF Implementing Agency:
UNDP
Project Sites:
Tapajós Reserve, Brazil; Nile/Sudan; Lake
Victoria/ Tanzania; tributaries to
Zambezi/Zimbabwe; Kahayan River,
Kalimantan/Indonesia; Mekong/Laos
Beneficiary Countries:
Brazil, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Indonesia,
Lao
Programme Officer: Andrew Hudson
GRAND
6,806,800
TOTAL GEF
Government inputs
Parallel Co-
financing
Brazil 2,953,000
Sudan 2 00,000
Tanzania 1,630,000
Zimbabwe 5,450,000
Indonesia 2,089,000
Lao 60,000
Total, Gov'ts 12,382,000
UNIDO 670,000
Grand Total 13,052,000
2
Classification Information:
Brief Description:
Environmental impacts resulting from the application of mercury in the processing of gold within the
artisanal mining sector and their effects on International Waterbodies require concerted and
coordinated global responses. The long-term objective of the Project is to assist a pilot suite of
developing countries located in several key transboundary river/lake basins in assessing the extent of
pollution from current activities, introduce cleaner gold mining and extraction technology which
minimize or eliminate mercury releases and develop capacity and regulatory mechanisms that will
enable the sector to minimize negative environmental impacts. The Project will be co-funded by a
suite of ongoing activities, which are financed through either the countries' own resources and/or
bilateral programmes leading to a reduction of mercury emissions from the artisanal mining sector in
the respective country. These costs are considered as co-financing. The resources needed for the
execution of the GEF/UNDP/UNIDO Project are regarded as incremental costs and will be used inter
alia for the development of monitoring programmes and in collaboration with participating
Governments, development of policies and legislation that will lead to practical and implementable
standards for artisanal gold mining. In order to ensure sustainability of the monitoring programmes,
the Project will aim to build capacity of local institutions, e.g. local laboratories through training and
material support so as to enable them to carry out continuous monitoring beyond the project three-year
term. The Project will also aim to increase knowledge and awareness of miners, Government
institutions and the public at large on the environmental impacts associated with the application of the
current technology. This will be enhanced through introduction and demonstration of cleaner and
efficient technology that apart from minimizing negative environmental impacts will improve
earnings, health and safety.
The ultimate goals of the present GEF/UNDP/UNIDO project are:
1)
to reduce mercury pollution of international waters by emissions emanating from small-scale
gold mining,
2)
to introduce cleaner technologies for gold extraction and to train people in their application,
3)
to develop capacity and regulatory mechanisms that will enable the sector to minimize mercury
pollution,
4)
to introduce environmental and health monitoring programmes,
5)
to build capacity of local laboratories to assess the extent and impact of mercury pollution.
On
behalf
of:
Signature
Date
Name/Title
UNDP ____________________
_________
_______________
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3
UNIDO _____________________
__________
_______________
On behalf of
Government of
Brazil
__________________ _________
_______________
Sudan _____________________
__________
_______________
Tanzania
____________________
_________
_______________
Zimbabwe
_____________________
__________
_______________
Indonesia
____________________
_________
_______________
Lao
_____________________
__________
_______________
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Acronyms
6
Section A CONTEXT
6
A.1 Setting
6
Artisanal Gold Mining Activities in International Waterbodies
8
Negative Environmental Impacts due to Artisanal Gold Mining
9
International and National Actions
10
UNIDO's Relevant Experience
11
Current options for developing sustainable artisanal mining
11
Importance of the GEF Intervention
12
A.2 Development Objective/Strategy
13
Long-term Objective
13
Broad development Objective
13
Global Environmental Objective
14
Specific Project Objectives
14
Rationale for GEF Intervention
15
A.3 Project Activities/Components and Expected Results
16
GEF Project Objectives and Activities
16
A.4 Risks, Sustainability and Commitments
26
Possible Risks
26
Sustainability
27
Commitment of the Participating Government and UNIDO
28
A.5 Stakeholders Participation and Implementation Arrangements
28
Stakeholders Participation
28
Project Implementation
28
Institutional Framework
28
A.6 Incremental Costs and Project Financing 29
Section B INPUTS
29
B.1 Government Inputs
29
B. 2 GEF/UNDP Financing of Incremental Costs/Project Budget
30
B.3 UNDP Inputs 32
B.4 UNIDO Inputs
32
B.5 Monitoring, Evaluation and Dissemination
32
Monitoring and Evaluation
32
Dissemination of Results
32
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ANNEX I
Job Descriptions
34
11-01
Project Manager/Chief Technical Advisor
35
11-02
Small-Scale Mining Expert
37
11-51
Expert in Establishing Web Sites
39
11-52
Expert in Monitoring and Evaluation of Mining-Related Projects
41
11-53
Expert in Train-X Methodology
43
17-01 - 17-06 Assistant to the Country Focal Point / Environmental Management Expert 45
17-07 - 17-12 Legal Expert in Mining Law and Policy
47
17-13 - 1718 National WID Expert
49
17-19 - 17-24 National Mineral Processing/Small-Scale Mining Expert
51
17-25 - 17-30 Nurse to second Medical Group of Toxicologists/Neurologists
53
ANNEX II
Terms of Reference for subcontracts
55
TOR of subcontract 21-01: Stakeholders Awareness Campaign
56
TOR of subcontract 21-02: Awareness Campaign through Media
58
TOR of subcontract 21-03: Environmental Assessment
60
TOR of subcontract 21-04: Assessment of Health
62
TOR of subcontract 21-05: Site Remediation
64
TOR of subcontract 21-06: Micro-Financing System
66
TOR of subcontract 21-07: On-the-Job Training
68
TOR of subcontract 21-08: Execution of Training Programme for Local Fabricators and
Manufacturers
70
TOR of subcontract 21-09: Introduction of Alternatives to Amalgamation and Mobile High
Recovery Concentrators
70
TOR of subcontract 21-10: Mercury Immobilization Programme
74
TOR of subcontract 21-11: Execution of Documentary Video
76
ANNEX III
Solutions for Reducing Mercury Pollution
78
ANNEX IV
Examples of Mercury Poisoning in Humans
79
Total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in hair and urine from
inhabitants of the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania
77
Symptoms of Mercury Poisoning Observed from Artisanal Gold Miners in Zimbabwe
80
ANNEX V
Co-financing Activities, Budget and Sources
81
ANNEX VI
Activities Planned in the Participating Countries
83
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LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
PCU = Project Coordination Unit
CTA = Chief Technical Advisor
SSME = Small-Scale Mining Expert
PADCT = Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
CNPq = Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
CYTED = Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo
Faperj = Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado do Rio de Janeiro
UNDP = United Nation Development Programme
UNIDO = United Nations Industrial Development Organization
GEF = Global Environment Facility
CETEM = Centro de tecnologia Mineral
NGOs = Non-Governmental Organizations
CPTF = Country Project Task Force
BPTF = Basin Project Task Force
GPTF = Global Project Task Force
UNEP = United Nations Environment Programme
MTRDC = Mineral Technology Research and Development Centre
SADC = Southern Africa Development Cooperation
Section A. CONTEXT
A.1 Setting
1. Artisanal mining which is sometimes used synonymously with small-scale mining means different
things to different people. There is no universal definition of what constitutes an artisanal or small-
scale mine. However, in this proposal, artisanal mining is used to refer to those mining activities
carried out by individuals, families, and/or adhoc groups (some form of co-operatives) of indigenous
people, the majority of which have no technical skills and lack adequate working tools. Similar
activities in Brazil are commonly referred to as "Garimpos" and those carrying out the activities as
"Garimpeiros". Although the term "artisanal mining" is used in some countries, e.g., Zimbabwe, to
refer to illegal alluvial gold mining activities, it is used in others to refer to those activities that are
carried out without following conventional mining engineering norms. As such a good number of
artisanal miners in countries like Brazil, Indonesia and Tanzania are licensed and there are policy
drives to get all mining activities licensed as a way of transforming them into organized small-scale
mining activities. Although there have been improvements by various countries in recognizing
artisanal mining as a significant economic sector, the promulgation of legal frameworks that are
conducive to this sector remains elusive. In Sudan, for example, the activities are not recognized by
any legal framework although individuals can be licensed through special agreements in which
conditions for conducting mining activities are set. Although there are visible attempts within the
participating countries to transform this sector into an economic sector, the lack of adequate resources
means that illegal activities are still wide spread.
2. Despite these activities being individually small, their combined economic and social impacts are
substantial for the economies of many developing countries. Globally, it is estimated that up to 12% of
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metallic minerals, 31% industrial minerals, 20% coal, 10% diamonds and 75% of gemstones
production come from small-scale mining operations. In individual countries the economic benefits
are even higher. For example, whereas in Brazil activities by Garimpeiros, are estimated to produce
50% of the country's total gold production averaging around 60 tons, it is estimated that in both
Tanzania and Zimbabwe artisanal miners have the capacity to produce 10 tonnes of gold per year. On
average, it is estimated that artisanal miners in Indonesia and Laos have annual gold production of
nearly 50 and 0.5 tonnes respectively. Although statistics are hard to establish, estimates show that in
Sudan where artisanal gold mining is relatively small, 10 tonnes of gold have been produced over the
last thirty years (1970 to 1999). These activities provide considerable employment especially in the
rural areas and thus contribute substantially to poverty alleviation. It was estimated in 1993 by the
International Labour Organization, (ILO), that out of the 30 million or so mineworkers throughout the
world, 6 million were engaged in artisanal mining in developing countries. Within the six participating
countries, available figures show that nearly 2.0 million people are directly involved in artisanal
mining activities and a number of those whose livelihoods depend on these activities in one way or
another is over 10 million. Given the fact that rural poverty is prevalent in most developing countries,
artisanal mining has room to contribute fully to economic and social development. It is now widely
accepted by large mining companies the world over that artisanal miners are one of the most important
tools for finding sizeable gold deposits. Artisanal mining also allows the exploitation of marginal
reserves that would otherwise be classified as uneconomical.
3. Although artisanal mining has shown some positive contributions, it has also suffered negative
conceptualization as a misnomer to mineral sector development by host Governments. Whereas some
countries choose to ignore the existence of such activities, others lack adequate legal frameworks to
regulate them. As a result, the activities are carried out illegally thus denying the host Governments
the badly needed revenues. Even in countries that have enacted legal and regulatory frameworks for
controlling such activities, the lack of adequate resources limits the capacity to institute them
effectively. The combination of this and the lack of technical know-how and financial means make it
difficult for miners to invest in appropriate technology. Mining and processing activities are carried
out by manual means or through application of locally improvised but inefficient equipment and tools.
As a result, the activities have become synonymous to negative environmental impacts, inefficiency,
lack of adherence to health and safety standards, and activities that have negative social impacts. The
uncontrolled use of mercury as a cheap means for recovering gold is now threatening the health of
miners and members of communities far away from mining areas. Most of the negative factors tend to
reinforce one another resulting in a vicious circle that is difficult to break. For example, the lack of
regulatory mechanisms means that Governments lose the much-needed revenue that in turn makes it
impossible to provide adequate control due to lack of resources. The lack of, technical know-how,
access to credit facilities, and technical support coupled with poor organizational structures means that
miners are unable to invest in technology and hence cannot improve their working methods. This
results in negative environmental impacts, low productivity and hence earnings and the vicious circle
continue.
4. In all the participating countries, women are major participants in artisanal mining activities. In
Laos it is estimated that almost 80% of all artisanal gold panners are women. In Zimbabwe, the
majority of the 350,000 estimated artisanal miners are in gold digging and panning with 50%
comprising of women and children. In Tanzania, 26% of all 600,000 artisanal miners are estimated to
be women most of which mine gold and gemstones. In Sudan it is estimated that 35% and 10% of the
miners is comprised of women and children in the Southern Blue Nile and Eastern Bayuda Desert
regions respectively. Despite these impressive figures, the number of women miners with mineral
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rights is still limited. In other words the majority of women operators are still in the illegal miners
category. Direct entry into mining production activities is often determined by taboo, socio-cultural
factors, financial and economic capacity, technology and organizational aspects.
Artisanal Gold Mining Activities in International Waterbodies
5. The selection of countries participating in this project was done based on the intensity of mercury
based artisanal gold extraction activities and their impacts on water bodies of global significance. In
the South American region, the Amazon Basin is the largest drainage system in the world with an area
of about 6.0 million square kilometres. The Amazon River has a total length of 6400 kilometres,
which is slightly shorter than the Nile. Stretching almost 2760 kilometres from north to south at its
widest point, the Basin occupies a great part of Brazil and Peru, significant parts of Columbia,
Ecuador and Bolivia and a small area of Venezuela. Almost two-thirds of the Amazon's main streams
and by far the largest portion of its Basin are within Brazil. More than two thirds of the Basin is
covered by an immense Amazon Rain Forest which represents about half of the Earth's remaining rain
forest and constitutes the largest reserve of biological resources. Artisanal gold mining activities in the
area are probably the most in the world with one of the largest area, Tapajos in the Para State
occupying an area of up to 2.9 million hectares. At the peak of the gold rush in the 1980s, it was
estimated that nearly 1.0 million people were directly involved in the activities, with 400,000 of those
being in the Tapajos area alone. Available figures show that nearly 1,000 tonnes of mercury were
dumped into the Amazon Basin during the 1980s and nearly 130 tonnes are currently dumped
annually.
6. Within the participating countries of the African Region, the significant International Waterbodies
include the Nile River system, Lake Victoria and the Zambezi River system. The Nile River system is
composed of the Blue Nile (Abbai) River that originates from Lake Tana and the White Nile that rises
from Lake Victoria. Sudan occupies a major part of the River Nile basin. Along its course (6825 km),
the Nile drains a total area of 2.96 million square kilometres from the Equator up to the Mediterranean
coast in Egypt. Areawise, the Nile basin represents one tenth of the African continent. Mining along
the Nile covers nearly 2,000 km2 in the Southern Blue Nile region with mine workings developed in
old river terraces along the riverbanks and its tributaries at the foothills of the Ethiopian highlands. It
is estimated that nearly 120,000 people are engaged in these activities. On the other hand, Lake
Victoria which has an area of more than 70,000 km2 is Africa's largest lake and second largest in the
world only to North America's Lake Superior. The Lake, which is surrounded by one of the most
highly populated areas in the world and is shared by Tanzania (51% of the Lake area), Uganda (43%)
and Kenya (6%), is a source of employment for nearly 30 million people. The Lake Victoria
Goldfields which cover almost 200,000 km2 is estimated to employ nearly 300,000 people and produce
nearly 70% of the country's total gold production. Nearly 12 tonnes of mercury are released to the
environment in Tanzania alone. More than 50% of artisanal gold panning activities in Zimbabwe are
carried out within the Zambezi River system (more than 2400 kilometres are panned) and its
tributaries. The Zambezi flows along the northern and Southern borders of Zimbabwe and Zambia
respectively before cutting across central Mozambique on its way to the Indian Ocean. There are about
350,000 gold panners in the country with as many as 300 panners concentrated in every kilometre of
the widely panned sections of the Zambezi River system river and releasing nearly 12 tonnes of
mercury annually to the environment.
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7. River Mekong in Laos and River Kahayan in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia are the significant
International Waterbodies within the Asian participating countries. The River Mekong which is about
4,500 kilometres long and is a life-stay for almost 50 million people and their cultures sets out at the
Qinghai plateau in Western China before flowing into Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and
Vietnam. Although the upper portions of the river are characterized by turbulence, the lower Mekong
is more placid, and the annual flooding supports a biologically diverse ecosystem. In Laos, alluvial
mining activities are carried out as seasonal activities during the dry non-agricultural season mainly by
dredging on the River Mekong and its tributaries. Up to 3,000 miners have been found at any one time
working on River Mekong. The Kahayan River, is the largest river in Central Kalimantan and drains
directly into the Java sea and thus with effects to Singapore, the Islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali and
others. Most activities are based on alluvial operations within the river systems with a few mining
hard rock gold veins. However, even those in hard rock mining transport the ore to the rivers for
processing. The Kahayan River in Central Kalimantan and the Tapian River in North Sulawesi are
known to have a high concentration of miners per kilometre length. It has been reported that more than
2,000 illegal miners would converge on single mining site following a reported gold recovery. In
Indonesia where artisanal gold mining activities are carried out either through village cooperative
units or through illegal operations and are found in the provinces of West and Central Java, Sumatra,
Central and East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi and others, nearly 180 tonnes of mercury are released to
the environment annually.
Negative Environmental Impacts due to Artisanal Gold Mining
8. Artisanal gold mining activities within the participating countries under review show negative
environmental impacts that tend to overshadow their positive contributions. Mining is carried out
either by pitting in both hard rock and in old riverbed alluvium or by dredging existing riverbeds all of
which generate substantial amounts of rubble. Whereas obscured pits in abandoned areas are
dangerous to people and animals, the mined rubble blanket the top fertile soil and thus lead to loss of
grazing and agricultural land. The exposed mined areas are susceptible to accelerated erosion from
both wind scour and surface runoffs and may lead to Acid Mine Drainage. Piles of tailings most of
which contain toxic chemicals, e.g., mercury, are directly washed into rivers resulting to siltation and
water pollution problems. Pools of stagnant water left behind during washing and abandoned flooded
pits turn into breeding grounds for Malaria spreading mosquitoes. Poor sanitation from mining camps,
hydrocarbons from machinery, uncontrolled use of explosives and others, add to pollution of surface
and ground water systems. During PDF-B phase of this project, it was revealed that mercury is
directly released into rivers and lakes through adding mercury during panning of the alluvial ore or
washing of the hard rock-based ore within the waterbodies that is transported from far areas. The key
concerns here are the direct release of mercury into the waterbodies, its accumulation and subsequent
methylation to organo-mercury and hence transfer into the food chain through the aquatic ecosystem.
The behaviour and fate of mercury in the environment is much dependent on its chemical form with
the metallic, divalent and mono-methylated forms being of most concern. The oxidation or conversion
of metallic mercury to the divalent form occurs in the presence of oxygen, certain types of bacteria,
SH-compounds with affinity to divalent mercury or the acidity environment, e.g., that found in most
forest rivers. The formation of methyl mercury from the divalent mercury is then aided by bacteria that
are found in bottom sediments in rivers, estuaries and oceans, intestines, faeces, soils and yeast. These
processes are crucial to the transfer of the rather inactive metallic mercury released by gold miners to
the food chain. The transformation of inorganic mercury to an organo-metallic compound, methyl
mercury, is the most significant in terms of uptake and accumulation of mercury by man as this
compound can block enzymes and so damage essential metabolic processes.
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9. Available data indicate that the amount of mercury released during burning of the amalgam is
approximately in the ratio of 1.2 - 1.5:1 to the amount of gold produced. There are clear indications
that mercury pollution from small-scale mining is a threat to public health not only in the proximity of
mineral processing activities, but also in the mining villages themselves and even far downstream of
contaminated rivers. As it is shown with the limited data in Annex I, mercury poisoning in both
Tanzania and Zimbabwe is already a cause for concern. For example, whereas the WHO threshold
limit for mercury level in urine is 50 ng/ml, miners in Tanzania show level of up to 411 ng/ml. New
results from UNIDO projects in Ghana and Philippines give evidence that approximately 50 percent of
gold mining communities in these countries must be considered as mercury-intoxicated, i.e. the
threshold limits in body fluids are by far exceeded and the neurological symptoms can be detected.
10. At present, there is not any single "off-shelf " solution to problems related to artisanal mining.
The introduction of cleaner mining and extraction technology would go a long way to minimize the
activities impacts to the environment, maximize the socio-economic benefits and ensure that
operations are sustainable and adhere to health and safety standards. Although piecemeal solutions
have been tried in many countries, a more holistic approach is required in dealing with artisanal
mining problems. Attempts to such an approach that will ensure the introduction of cleaner mining
and extraction technologies is a priority for UNIDO, the executing agency of this proposal.
International and National Actions
11. The plight of artisanal and small-scale mining has attracted the world attention since the
seventies. In 1972, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs published the
proceedings from a seminar organized to discuss small-scale mining activities. Although a number of
meetings have since been held and strategies laid on how to transform the sector, there have been
limited actions "on the ground". A meeting of different international organizations and mining experts
that was convened in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1993 in search for solutions to artisanal mining problems,
came up with what is known as "The Harare Guidelines on small / Medium-Scale Mining". The
implementation of the guidelines whose main objective was to provide a framework for encouraging
development of small and medium-scale mining as legal sustainable activities was left to individual
countries and have had limited impacts.
12. In 1995 the World Bank hosted a "Round Table on Artisanal Mining" meeting in Washington to
chart out a strategy for dealing with the sector's problems. The meeting came up with what the Bank
published as a proposal for assistance known as "A Comprehensive Strategy Towards Artisanal
Mining" aimed at minimizing the negative side effects and thus maximize socio-economic benefits of
artisanal mining. The strategy which has since been implemented in a number of countries identified
the negative side effects of artisanal mining as being; unacceptable environmental practices; poor
social, health and safety conditions; illegal mining and marketing and waste of resources. Where it has
been implemented, the programme has succeeded in strengthening the institutional capacity and
introducing internationally competitive legal, regulatory and fiscal frameworks and hence enhanced
the process of legalizing the artisanal mining activities. This programme however has not adequately
addressed itself to finding solutions to problems associated to artisanal mining environmental impacts.
With the increase in poverty in the developing world and the lack of coordinated international actions,
the amount of mercury that has is released to the environment from artisanal gold mining activities is
bound to keep increasing.
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13. Following the problems of the gold rush experienced during the 1980s, the Brazilian House of
Representatives commissioned the Centre for Minerals Research, CETEM, of the Brazilian Research
Council, to evaluate the state of the art of the operations, propose solutions, and advise the House on
possible control legal measures. Through a four-year programme, comprehensive descriptions of the
activities, data related to mercury and particulate matter pollution, proposals for control legislative
measures, were produced. However, practical implementations of the findings of this programme were
hampered by the lack of adequate resources especially when dealing with such a large area like the
Amazon Basin. On the other hand, the Government of Tanzania in collaboration with the World Bank
formulated the Mineral Sector Development Technical Assistance Project in 1994 in order to provide
the Government with necessary technical, managerial and material support for the implementation of
its new private sector oriented mining development strategies. One of the major components of the US
$13.9 million five-year project was to improve the economic, social and environmental performance
of the artisanal mining in order to encourage and expand private investment in the mining sector.
Although the project resulted in the country's first mining environmental legal and regulatory
framework, it has not addressed itself fully to the negative environmental impacts resulting from
artisanal mining activities. The European Union in collaboration with the Government of Zimbabwe
has embarked on a US $38.7 million project part of which will be spent on development and control of
the small-scale mining sector. Although there are similar programmes in other countries, most have
not addressed themselves to the artisanal mining environmental problems of a global nature.
UNIDO's Relevant Experience
14. Over the years, UNIDO has gained a lot of experience in dealing with artisanal related problems
especially in developing countries. In 1995, UNIDO initiated a programme named "High Impact
Programme No 4" with the main theme being to "Introduce New Technologies for the Abatement of
Global Mercury Pollution". Following the launch of this programme, an international workshop was
conducted in November 1995, in Jakarta, Indonesia on "Ecologically Sustainable Gold Mining and
Processing" and it attracted 41 participants from 14 countries. Based on the recommendations of the
workshop and with support from the donor community and host Governments, UNIDO initiated
programmes in a number of countries, e.g., Cameroon, Ghana, Philippines, and Tanzania, aimed at
assessing the potential for the introduction of new technologies for the abatement of mercury
pollution. These programmes, some of which are ongoing, have enabled UNIDO to gain experience
and appreciation of the magnitude of the mercury pollution problems, project co-ordination and
establishment of working relationships with Governments and local institutions. In addition, during
the PDF-B phase of this project, UNIDO conducted preliminary investigations in the six countries
participating in order to establish the intensity of the artisanal mining activities and their impacts on
the International Waterbodies. Review of previous related studies, identification of the "hot spots"
areas (rivers and waterbodies) and estimation of levels of pollution resulting from the application of
mercury around these areas, were carried out. Apart from establishing the most affected International
Waterbodies, barriers limiting the introduction of cleaner technologies were established in each of the
participating countries.
Current options for developing sustainable artisanal mining
15. The barriers limiting artisanal miners from adopting sustainable and cleaner technology results
from the fact that both the miners and the relevant Governments find themselves in negative circles of
cause and effect. The application of poor technology leads to low productivity that in turn results in
low revenue earnings and hence inability to invest in appropriate technology, it traps miners in crude
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and inefficient working methods and hence results in severe negative impacts to the environment,
health and safety. On the other hand, the institutional weaknesses that lead to inability to enforce the
existing legislation results in illegal operations, poor environmental, health and safety standards and
loss of the badly needed fiscal revenues. The loss of fiscal revenues makes the authorities unable to
perform their regulatory functions and hence perpetuates uncontrolled artisanal mining. In order to
develop artisanal mining into sustainable and environmentally acceptable activities, both negative
circles must be broken.
16. In view of the difficulties facing both miners and the governing authorities, the increase in
knowledge and awareness and the introduction of efficient and cleaner technologies are at present the
best option for developing environmentally acceptable activities. Prior to such intervention measures,
the baseline data regarding environmental, technological and socio-economic issues, should be
established. The increase of knowledge through training should make use of the UN Train-X network
and its training development methodology in order to create course modules that are targeted and that
can be easily adapted by others. Both training and awareness campaigns should be developed through
involvement of miners and their organizations in order to enhance their acceptability. Such
programmes should provide special considerations for women whose direct entry into artisanal mining
activities is often limited by socio-cultural issues and the strenuous nature of the activities.
17. Since there is medical evidence that women and the unborn are especially vulnerable to mercury,
it is regarded as indispensable to give priority to women miners during training and awareness
campaign programmes so that the majority of them can adopt cleaner technology. Demonstration of
efficient and cleaner technologies should be conducted in selected demonstration sites so as to enable
miners appreciate the monetary and non-monetary benefits. Assistance should be provided to
Governments to enable them develop policies and legislation that would lead to implementable
standards. Development of enforcement programmes and capacity to enable local institutions carry out
continuous monitoring, are essential for promotion of environmentally acceptable artisanal gold
extraction activities.
Importance of the GEF Intervention
18. It is now widely accepted that the problems associated with artisanal mining in developing
countries are similar and require integrated solutions and partnership between different players. The
problems relate to protection and effective resources utilization, to general environmental conditions
in areas surrounding the mines and in remote areas receiving mine waste and contaminants and to safe
working and health conditions of miners. Whereas most attempts indicate appreciation of the extent of
the negative environmental impacts resulting from these activities, no single programme within the six
countries has addressed itself to the effects of these impacts on International Waterbodies. The
significance of the waterbodies surrounded by these activities has not been taken into consideration in
some of the work that has attempted to solve artisanal mining problems. The work done during PDF-B
phase of this project indicated the barriers to include little awareness amongst miners, the public and
Government institutions on the impacts resulting from mercury pollution, lack of adequate policies
and regulatory frameworks, application of poor technology, and lack of access to information and
technology and the overall lack of local capacity to carry out continuous monitoring on mercury
pollution.
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19. The proposed GEF intervention will show, through the establishment of the envisioned
demonstration projects, how the current uncontrolled artisanal mining activities can be transformed
into more organized, environmentally acceptable and sustainable operations. In each of the
participating countries, the programme will aim at assessing the extent of mercury pollution, raising
awareness and increasing knowledge of the miners and the public, introducing and demonstrating the
application of cleaner and efficient technology, assisting the Government to put in place practical and
implementable policies and legislation and building capacity to ensure continuous monitoring of
mercury pollution on the surrounding waterbodies. This programme will also help to demonstrate to
relevant Governments on the approach towards abatement of mercury pollution. The absence of the
proposed GEF intervention will not only allow the continuation of unorganized artisanal mining and
its negative effects, but will allow the incremental build-up of mercury pollutants within the targeted
international waters and its eventual transmission to other countries and regions.
A.2 Development
Objective/Strategy
Long-term Objective
20. The long-term objective of this project is to protect international waters from mercury pollution
emanating from small-scale mining operations. Measures and methods to reduce this pollution will
be demonstrated in a pilot suite of developing countries located in several key transboundary
river/lake basins. The main tools for reducing the pollution consist in assessing the extent of mercury
pollution from current activities, introducing cleaner gold mining and extraction technology that
minimize or eliminate mercury releases and developing capacity and regulatory mechanisms that will
enable the sector to minimize negative environmental impacts. Experience acquired by UNIDO over
the years in dealing with artisanal mining problems in countries like Ghana, Philippines and Tanzania
has shown that the complexity associated with achieving the project goals while meeting the needs of
miners and their organizations, the Government and other parties, require a combination of these
"tools", vide Annex III.
Broad Development Objective
21. The broad development objectives of the six participating countries is to transform the current
artisanal mining activities into organized activities in order to enhance incomes of the participating
members of the population, minimize negative environmental impacts and enhance development of
the mineral sector and hence the economy. Like in many developing countries, artisanal mining
activities are carried out in the six participating countries mainly as a way of dealing with poverty by
the rural populations. Its popularity is enhanced by the fact that its entry does not require much
investment and in most cases it operates outside the formal business procedures. With little or no
mining knowledge, minimal investment capital and poor legislative frameworks, most activities are
unorganized, unregulated and their formal recognition is only recent following the new international
drive to fight poverty. As a result, the short-term gains envisaged by miners in order to break away
from poverty have largely been outweighed by the negative impacts caused by these activities to the
environment, health and safety of the miners and the neighboring communities. In addressing the
negative environmental impacts resulting from these activities, some Governments have initiated
programmes to address the issues related to the uncontrolled use of mercury in the recovery of gold.
However, since most activities have been operating outside the legal framework, major efforts are still
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directed towards putting in place legislative and regulatory frameworks upon which artisanal mining
activities can be conducted.
Global Environmental Objective
22. The global environmental objective is to assist developing countries create conditions necessary
to minimize mercury pollution and other negative environmental impacts on International Waterbodies
resulting from artisanal gold mining and extraction activities. Most artisanal gold mining activities
within the participating countries are carried out within basins of major ecological significance and
that cross geographical boundaries to many countries, e.g., the basins of the Amazon, River Nile, Lake
Victoria, River Zambezi, River Mekong and River Kahayan in Indonesia. As such, the negative
environmental impacts on the International Waterbodies within these basins are bound to affect many
countries most of which do not even have gold mining activities. Whereas the Amazon Basin is the
largest drainage system in the world with more than two thirds of its area covered by an immense
Amazon Rain Forest which represents about half of the Earth's remaining rain forest and constitutes
the largest reserve of biological resources, estimates show that gold mining activities dump nearly 130
tons of mercury annually within Brazil alone. Nearly 200 tons of mercury is dumped into the
environment by these activities in Indonesia and the amount is on the rise in other countries due to the
increase in artisanal gold mining activities. The Governments of the participating countries, acting
unilaterally are unable to finance the high initial start up costs of dealing with mercury related
pollution problems. The proposed project will lead to the establishment of the extent of mercury
pollution, increase of knowledge and awareness on environmental issues, introduction and
demonstration of the application of efficient and clean technology and provision of assistance to
Governments to enable them develop policies and legislation that are practical and enforceable. These
efforts will in turn lead artisanal mining activities that are efficient and environmentally acceptable.
23. Within the above basins being focused by the project, GEF is already supporting a project within
the Lake Victoria basin that is shared between the countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and
another project within the Nile River Basin is in advanced stages. The two projects address
environmental impacts to these International Waterbodies resulting from industrial pollution. This
project will benefit from experiences gained from the two projects by establishing close cooperation
through exchange of information, meetings, conferences and workshops. It is envisaged that such
close cooperation will bring regional and global environmental benefits by extending the gained
experiences to other regions of Asia and Latin America and even beyond.
Specific Project Objectives
24. There is general agreement on the need for a globally consistent approach to address the removal
of barriers to the introduction of cleaner artisanal gold mining and extraction technologies. Since the
issue cannot be addressed at the same time in dozens of countries suffering from the same problem,
typical cases for mercury pollution of international waters have been selected.
The following specific project objectives and related activities will be implemented within the
participating countries.
Objective
1A: To ensure effective project coordination and support (providing information,
communications, professional assistance, programme implementation and evaluation
and assessment) through establishment of a UNIDO based Programme Coordination
Unit (PCU) and a Global Project Task Force.
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Objective 1B: Identification of, and provision of resources for the establishment of the programme
management structures in each of the six participating countries and the creation and
operation of the basin and country specific project task forces.
Objective 2: Identify project demonstration sites and organize training aimed at increasing
knowledge and raising awareness of miners, Governments, NGOs and the general
public on the environmental and health impacts associated with the current artisanal
mining practices and the environmental, health and economic benefits of employing
appropriate technology.
Objective 3: Identify hotspots in project demonstration sites, conduct geochemical and toxicological
studies and other field investigations in order to assess the extent of environmental
(mercury) pollution in surrounding water bodies and devise intervention measures.
Objective 4: Establish a databank comprising of technological requirements relevant to artisanal
gold mining and extraction activities through field investigations, interviews with
miners, miners' associations and other relevant institutions.
Objective 5: Acquire and demonstrate, within the project demonstration sites, the application of
affordable high-efficiency clean technology with improved gold processing methods
while avoiding environmental degradation from mercury contamination.
Objective 6: Based on the acquired experience, develop sustainable extraction indicators and hence
assist Governments to develop generic and to the extent possible, country specific
policies and legislation that will lead to implementable standards on the application of
mercury with special attention to minimization of environmental impacts.
Objective 7: Promote the dissemination of the produced project results and identify opportunities
that will allow the project to continue beyond the three-year time frame through self-
financing and to initiate and conduct a Donor Conference to solicit financing.
Rationale for GEF Intervention
25. One of the priority areas identified by GEF under the "international waters focal area" is the
"degradation of the quality of the transboundary water resources, primarily due to pollution from land-
based activities". The negative impacts resulting from artisanal mining, which are land-based
activities, lead to degradation of the selected International Waterbodies resulting to far reaching
consequences. This project is also consistent with the GEF Operational Programme #10, which targets
projects that "help to demonstrate ways of overcoming barriers to the adoption of best practices, waste
minimization strategies and pollution prevention measures that limit contamination of the international
waters environment". The proposed activities aim at removing barriers that inhibit artisanal miners
from applying cleaner and efficient technology. Apart from removing the barriers the project will
demonstrate the application of cleaner technology and conduct training to the miners in order to
enhance the application of cleaner technology and thus reduce pollution and minimize waste resulting
from the currently applied poor technology. Supplementing ongoing activities of the respective
countries in developing the artisanal activities to the level of an organized small-scale gold mining
sector, the project will contribute to a substantial incremental progress regarding the reduction of
mercury pollution.
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26. In all the six countries, artisanal miners use mercury as a major component in gold recovery. The
focus of Operation Programme #10 is stated as being on poorly addressed global contaminants such as
mercury. Apart from introducing alternative techniques that will minimize the application of mercury,
methods for recirculating mercury during distillation and thus avoid its direct release to the
environment, will be introduced. As such, the proposed project represents an important step towards
realizing the GEF operational programme objectives. The amount of co-financing made available from
the participating countries (US$12.3 million) for the implementation of this GEF/UNDP/UNIDO
project reflects the commitment of the Governments of Brazil, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Lao and
Indonesia. Looking at the reduction of mercury globally, the GEF/UNDP/UNIDO projects is
benefiting also from financial resources given to UNIDO by certain member states for addressing the
mercury problem in some selected Asian and African countries, which do not participate in the
GEF/UNDP/UNIDO project.
A.3
Project Activities / Components and Expected Results
GEF Project Objectives and Activities
Objective
1A: To ensure effective project coordination and support (providing information,
communications, professional assistance, programme implementation and evaluation
and assessment) through establishment of a UNIDO based Programme Coordination
Unit (PCU) and a Global Project Task Force.
Rationale:
27. It is now widely accepted that problems associated with artisanal mining practiced in different
developing countries are similar in nature. As such, solutions to these problems need a globally
consistent approach that is effectively coordinated in order to deal with the interrelationships of the
individual problems. Past approaches which have been implemented in individual countries with a
focus on isolated problems have had limited impact. UNIDO's experience in dealing with problems of
a similar nature and its international network, will be an added value in this project. In addition,
UNIDO will commit on full time basis a senior professional staff who will work as the Chief
Technical Advisor as part of assistance in co-financing of the project. This objective focuses on the
establishment of a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) based at the UNIDO Headquarters in Vienna
under the leadership of the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) and with the assistance of a Small-Scale
Mining Expert (SSME) and supporting staff from UNIDO itself. It is envisaged that the work of the
PCU will be supported by GEF over the three years of the GEF sponsored project. It is expected that
after three years, mechanisms will have been established within the participating countries and
UNIDO that will enable the project to continue beyond this period. This will enable UNIDO to remain
with the monitoring role, in collaboration with respective Governments, and use the experience to
extend the project to other countries. At a global level, a Global Project Task Force (GPTF)
comprising of members from various task forces, Country Focal Points, PCU, UNDP and UNIDO will
be set-up to assess the achievements and failures and recommend strategies for future directions.
Activity 1A.1 Recruit and hire the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA), a Small-scale Mining Expert
(SSME) and supporting staff.
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Activity 1A.2 Establish the Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) responsible for overall coordination and
facilitation of the project and establish communication channels between participating
countries.
Activity 1A.3 Create and manage a Global Project Task Force (GPTF) with representatives from the
(CPTFs), Country Focal Points, PCU, UNIDO and UNDP.
Activity 1A.4 Establish a project Website and set-up a global resource information centre where
reviews of past and existing studies on the application of mercury in artisanal gold
processing both in individual countries, regional and globally can be stored and shared
accordingly; establish and maintain internet links with all participating countries.
Activity 1A.5 Make arrangements for evaluation and assessment of project results.
Objective 1B: Identification of, and provision of resources for the establishment of the programme
management structures in each of the six participating countries and the creation of the
basin and country specific project task forces.
Rationale:
28. In addition to effective project coordination globally, it is imperative to ensure smooth
implementation of the project activities at the country level. This will be achieved through
identification of a senior Government official within the institution responsible for mining affairs as
the Country Focal Point to oversee the implementation of the project activities. It is imperative that the
project is placed under the leadership of a senior Government official in order to ensure the long-term
sustainability, Government's commitment and assistance in co-financing. In order to enhance
effectiveness, an assistant to the country focal point will also be recruited. The assistant, who will be a
person with extensive experience in the areas of mining and environment, will be responsible for the
day to day running of the project activities. The country focal point and his assistant and in
collaboration with the PCU will be responsible for convening an inter-ministerial project awareness
workshop prior to project commencement that will select members of the Country Project Task Force
(CPTF) that will review from time to time and provide guidance towards effective implementation of
the project objectives.
29. The selected study areas are within basins the interests of which are shared by countries other
than those participating in the project. Although some of these countries have no active artisanal gold
mining activities, they are bound to be victims of the resulting negative environmental impacts. In
order to ensure that the project raises awareness of wider audiences, Basin Project Task Forces,
(BPTF), will be created to comprise members from countries sharing a particular basin. BPTF
meetings will therefore be convened annually to discuss the project implementation, results and
problems at the regional level and hence recommend future strategies. This will facilitate sharing of
information and development of strategies that will bring wider regional and hence global benefits.
Over the long-term, i.e., looking beyond the three-year project term, cooperation through BPTFs will
facilitate extension of the project and replication of its results.
Activity 1B.1 In consultation with the Government institution responsible for mining, identify a
senior official to act as the country focal point and thus assume leadership of the
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project activities, recruit an assistant for the day-to-day running of activities and
provide working facilities.
Activity 1B.2 In collaboration with the PCU, recruit and hire project consultants, preferably local
consultants, in the areas that are specific to the project activities and time schedules.
Activity 1B.3 Review past, existing and prepare new case studies focusing on the applied
methodologies and lessons learnt and identifying impacts associated with the
application of mercury in artisanal gold processing; Exchange the results with other
participating countries in order to share experiences.
Activity 1B.4 With the assistance of the PCU, plan and hold country-based project awareness
workshops, one in each participating country, that will raise awareness of the addressed
problems, educate participants and improve communication capacities. With
participants being multi-sectoral, create the Country Project Task Force (CPTF) that
will be responsible for reviewing and giving advice on the project directions at the
country level.
Activity 1B.5 Create a Basin Project Task Force (BPTF) and provide resources to enable both CPTF
and the BPTF to carry out their roles.
Objective 2: Identify project demonstration sites and organize training aimed at increasing
knowledge and raising awareness of miners, Governments, NGOs and the general
public on the environmental and health impacts associated with the current artisanal
mining practices and the environmental, health and economic benefits of employing
appropriate technology.
Rationale:
30. During the PDF-B phase it was established that the majority of artisanal miners were not aware of
the negative environmental and health implications associated with mercury use. The lack of
awareness, technical knowledge, support programmes and information on different aspects of artisanal
mining make the situation more precarious. It was also revealed that the institutional weaknesses limit
the capacity of Governments to carry out their regulatory functions effectively. Besides, although
environmental issues are multi-sectoral, there is lack of coordination and cooperation among various
relevant Government institutions. Bureaucratic procedures within the relevant institutions force most
miners to opt for illegal mining and trading activities. As such, training and awareness campaigns
would go a long way to change the miner's attitudes towards adopting cleaner working techniques and
enable Government institutions to institute mechanisms for efficient regulation of these activities. In
addition, it is envisaged that training and awareness campaigns will enhance direct participation of
women to mine production activities whose involvement are currently limited by a number of socio-
cultural factors. UNIDO has an agreement for cooperation with the United Nations Environmental
Programme, (UNEP), which it intends to utilize in order to enable participating countries access more
professionally developed training programmes. In addition, the project will make use of the UN Train-
X network which is coordinated by UNDP and its training development methodology so as to enable
participating countries to create course modules that are targeted and that can be easily adapted by
other members of the project. By using the TRAIN-X methodology the project will engage a
consultant to assess potential course development units and/or delivery units in the six participating
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countries and run two-weeks course development workshops that will enable the adaptation of training
packages using TRAIN-X methodology. It will be taken into full account that training must be
provided in national and local languages. The different levels of education of various groups will be
taken into consideration during preparation of the programmes and since this will be done through
consultants and sub-contracts, it will form part of the terms of reference.
31. In order for the project to be focused and thus deal directly with the environmental and health
problems resulting from the application of mercury in artisanal gold extraction, it is of the essence that
the project be implemented in selected demonstration sites in each participating country. By
concentrating the efforts to individual demonstration sites, the project will be able to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed interventions and thus produce measurable results that can be easily
corrected and replicated accordingly. According to the suggestions of the STAP reviewer, the selected
demonstration site in each country will be opened to small-scale miners/cooperatives from other
geographically distant places of the respective country, in order that these regions benefit from the
introduction of cleaner technologies, too. Furthermore, selection of a project demonstration site will
take into consideration, location in relation to the waterbody, intensity of gold extraction activities,
extent of the application of mercury, extensiveness of the areas and willingness of miners to
participate in the project.
Activity 2.1 Conduct survey and identify appropriate project implementation sites for the
demonstration of efficient and cleaner technology and conduct consultations with
stakeholders regarding the project objectives.
Activity 2.2 Collect and compile information through detailed analysis of the legal and regulatory
framework and its application to artisanal mining.
Activity 2.3 Conduct artisanal miners' training needs assessment through consultations with miners,
miners' associations, local Governments, NGOs, mineral dealers and relevant
Government institutions.
Activity 2.4 Organize and conduct stakeholders' awareness campaigns with target groups being the
miners and their associations, NGOs, members of public, relevant Government
institutions, local governments, etc., covering different aspects of artisanal mining.
Activity 2.5 Prepare and conduct awareness programmes through different media, e.g., Televisions,
Radio and Newspapers, in national and local languages aimed at raising awareness of
the public at large on the environmental and health effects of mercury.
Activity 2.6 Based on the results of Activities 2.1 and 2.2 and those from the awareness campaign
programmes, create generic and adaptable versions of course packages which will form
a targeted educational and training programme for artisanal gold miners, relevant
NGOs and Government institutions. The training programme should make participants
aware of the negative impacts of the current operations and the advantages of adopting
efficient and cleaner technologies. By using the TRAIN-X methodology, engage a
consultant to assess potential course development units and/or delivery units in the six
participating countries and run two-week course development workshops which will
enable the adaptation of training packages using TRAIN-X methodology.
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Activity 2.7 Through the CPTF, assist the Government to prepare programmes that will lead to
improved institutional cooperation for the institutions dealing with environmental
issues in the country.
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Objective 3: Identify hotspots in project demonstration sites, conduct geochemical and toxicological
studies and other field investigations in order to assess the extent of environmental
pollution in surrounding waterbodies and devise intervention measures.
Rationale:
32. Most gold miners use mercury for amalgamation as a cheap and fast method for recovering gold.
It has been established that even those working on ores with large particles of gold that can be
recovered by gravity separation, look into mercury as the most efficient way of gold recovery. The
major concerns due to application of mercury in gold recovery is its direct release into the
waterbodies, its accumulation and subsequent methylation to organo-mercury and hence transfer into
the food chain through the aquatic ecosystem. Since most artisanal gold mining in the six countries is
carried out around International Waterbodies, the pollution does affect also the environment and
innocent populations downstream. From a few existing studies and some preliminary investigations
conducted during PDF-B phase of this project, it is clear that the levels of mercury poisoning amongst
miners who handle mercury regularly and mercury pollution levels in different media with mining
areas and within the waterbodies, are already too high. Apart from being the major sources of water
for the miners and the neighbouring communities, the international waterbodies surrounded by the
mining activities are the major sources of fish through which methylated mercury is known to be bio-
magnified and thus spread to even further areas through the food chain. As shown in Annex IV the
GEF/UNDP Project Brief, the level of mercury poisoning amongst miners and those living
downstream of the polluted waterbodies, are already high. It should be noted however, that, apart from
Brazil where detailed studies have been carried out to assess mercury contamination resulting from
artisanal gold mining in the Amazon Basin, there have been limited studies in the other five countries.
Some studies that have been carried out in Tanzania and Zimbabwe have been limited in their scope
and study boundaries. In Brazil where a large amount of data has been established regarding the extent
of mercury pollution, limited resources have made implementation of intervention measures almost
impossible.
Activity 3.1 Conduct interviews and develop a questionnaire in order to establish the general health
conditions of the members of communities living in the mining areas.
Activity 3.2 Conduct geochemical sampling and analysis of the mining area (water, soils and river
sediments) and use the results to identify "hot spots" areas with the project
implementation sites.
Activity 3.3 Collect human specimens and other biological samples and assess the impact and
extent of mercury pollution along waterbodies.
Activity 3.4 Conduct surveys and establish the extent of mercury migration from the selected
mining area to surrounding waterbodies and the vertical migration within the identified
hot spots.
Activity 3.5 Organize permanent visits of medical doctors who are experienced in dealing with
mercury intoxication problems to carry out specific medical checkups.
Activity 3.6 In collaboration with the Government identify a local laboratory and enhance its
resources capacity to enable it to conduct continuous monitoring of mercury pollution
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in waters surrounding artisanal gold mining areas; Assist in the introduction and set-up
of a continuous monitoring programme.
Activity 3.7 Formulate and carry out measures for remediation of the "hot spots" through
identification and isolation of mercury containing tailings followed by recovery and/or
immobilization of mercury.
Objective 4: Establish a databank comprising of technological requirements relevant to artisanal
gold mining and extraction activities through field investigations, interviews with
miners, miners' associations and other relevant institutions.
Rationale:
33. Technological problems feature out strongly in artisanal mining because of their direct
relationship to productivity and the environmental scars left behind. Apart from the visible physical
damages caused on the environment, different studies have shown that use of poor technology results
in pollution that affects even those living far from mining areas. The impacts of mercury on the
aquatic ecosystem are a good example. Consequently, any programme attempting to transform
artisanal mining activities into sustainable operations cannot ignore the influence of technology.
Because of its direct influence on productivity and the overall working environment, technology has
been shown to influence all approaches towards poverty alleviation. The choice for the efficient and
cleaner technology should however, be carried out with full participation of the target groups.
Imposition of technology through solutions developed behind closed doors has in most cases proved
unworkable. This project will avoid such traps by working hand-in-hand with the miners, their
associations, NGOs and the Government in the choice of the appropriate technology. The advice of
the STAP reviewer will be taken into account in view to involve as much as possible the miners in the
technology selection process. Apart from demonstrating the disadvantages of the existing technology,
this project plans to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of the new technology and thus enable miners
to appreciate increased earnings associated with the new approach. The applied combination of
training, awareness campaigns and involvement in the selection, installation and running of the new
technology will enable miners to closely associate themselves with project. The campaigns and
training will employ real case studies based on videos that UNIDO has accumulated from other
projects, e.g., in the Philippines. The main target of this objective however, is to establish a database
of the current technology and its deficiencies. The collected data will be used to categorize the
existing tools into those that can be modified in order to improve their efficiency, those that need to be
replaced and production of a manual for such technologies. Such data will be used to demonstrate to
miners the advantages of the new technologies.
Activity 4.1 Through field investigations compile a database on the existing artisanal mining and
processing technology and establish technological requirements.
Activity 4.2 Establish InfoBase for local and foreign suppliers and supply routes of equipment and
tools with the view of establishing suppliers of environmentally acceptable equipment
and tools.
Activity 4.3 Identify existing facilities and their capacities within mining areas and neighbouring
towns that can be used for fabrication of simple working tools.
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Activity 4.4 Establish, through interviews with relevant Government institutions, the tax regime and
restrictions on importation of mining equipment and supplies.
Activity 4.5 Conduct investigations and test the establishment of micro-credit schemes that will
enable artisanal miners to shift to more benign technologies indicating clearly the
conditions for accessibility, likely participants in the programme, modes of financing
and other considerations.
Objective 5: Acquire and demonstrate, within the project demonstration sites, the application of
affordable high-efficiency clean technology with improved gold processing methods
while avoiding environmental degradation from mercury contamination.
Rationale:
34. The alternative of not introducing efficient and cleaner technology is to allow the negative
environmental and other impacts resulting from current artisanal mining activities to continue.
Continued negative impacts from artisanal mining, especially the pollution from mercury on
International Waterbodies and the populations at large, will have far reaching consequences. Over the
long-term, the negative impacts are bound to override the economic short-term benefits. To most
miners, the quest to break from the chains of poverty is usually the driving force for their entry in
artisanal mining. This objective aims at introducing technology that will minimize the release of
mercury into the environment including the recovery and/or immobilization of mercury left in tailings
that is usually a source of environmental mercury contamination. The immobilization technology that
has already been tried in Brazil allows mercury to remain in controlled tailings without being released
to the environment. Application of gravity concentration techniques and utilization of mercury
amalgamation retorts will not only eliminate the loss of mercury to the environment, but save miners
money through recirculation and hence reuse of mercury. The overall approach to introduction of
clean technology must target the application of "closed circuit processing", i.e., processing flow-sheets
that do not allow the release of mercury outside the control boundaries. Further to these approaches, it
is imperative to demonstrate simple techniques for concentrating and recovering gold without the use
of mercury. The fact that miners of alluvial gold ore that is known to have coarse gold particles use
mercury indicates the problem associated with the lack of technical know-how. Training on different
mining and processing techniques that are not only efficient, but also environmentally acceptable, will
enhance the minimization of negative environmental impacts. It is also appreciated that any
technology introduced must be easily accessible and affordable by the stakeholders. In order to ensure
this, the project will identify local fabricators and manufacturers who will be trained in the production
of the identified technology.
Activity 5.1 Organize on the job training in order to introduce miners to the new working methods
and equipment.
Activity 5.2 Identify and conduct training to local fabricators and manufactures and work closely
with the trainees to enable them to produce tools, e.g., sluice boxes, mercury retorts,
gravity concentrators, shaking tables and others that conform to specified project
requirements and that will be used during the project implementation and beyond.
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Activity 5.3 Demonstrate competitive basic mechanical alternatives to mercury amalgamation and
introduce "closed circuit processing" methods for activities still based on amalgamation
and show the cost effectiveness of the introduced equipment.
Activity 5.4 Construct demonstration high-recovery gravity concentration equipment, install on
selected sites, assess and evaluate their cost effectiveness.
Activity 5.5 Establish equipment supply channels through linking miners to the suppliers and
through collaboration with the relevant Government institutions.
Activity 5.6 Conduct mercury immobilization through extraction in areas identified as being highly
polluted.
Activity 5.7 Compile and as necessary produce documentary videos on the operations of the
different introduced technology for use on future training purposes.
Objective 6: Based on the acquired experience, develop sustainable extraction indicators and hence
assist Governments to develop generic and to the extent possible, country specific
policies and legislation that will lead to implementable standards on the application of
mercury with special attention to minimization of environmental impacts.
Rationale:
35. Not all of the six participating countries have instituted environmental policy, legislation and
regulations for artisanal mining activities. Even where the environmental legislation has been
introduced, there is lack of capacity and systematic implementation programmes to ensure effective
compliance. Also, the development processes of most artisanal legislative and regulatory frameworks
do not take into consideration the need to promote sustainable operative procedures for the sector. As
a result, the existing legislation try to regulate activities that are unsustainable and with intrinsic
negative environmental impacts. Even with these legislation, the combination of the miners' lack of
technical know-how and the lack of trained and experienced environmental experts within
Government institutions, make their implementation difficult. In other countries, the existing
legislation and regulations do not differentiate between the artisanal and the large-scale mining sectors
and as such contain requirements that are not implementable within the artisanal mining sector, e.g.,
the requirements to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments. The worst cases of course are with
those countries that do not have any legislation or regulatory framework for this sector. Consequently,
these activities continue to operate unregulated and thus leading to significant negative environmental
impacts. It is therefore important that Governments should be assisted to develop policies and
legislation that are practical and geared towards the needs of the artisanal mining sectors. In order to
achieve that, this objective will aim at developing "sustainable gold extraction indicators" or a set of
rules developed to promote gold extraction activities within the following framework:
· processes that minimize mass-flows of overburden and/or gravel/sand;
· minimizes processes energy requirements and, if possible uses clean energy;
· minimizes environmental impacts (effluents to the environment, be it solid, liquid or gaseous);
· maximizes the social satisfaction of the living community and nearby villages.
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36. A monitoring programme will also be developed and as shown under activity 3.5, capacity of
local laboratories to carry out continuous monitoring of mercury pollution to the waters surrounding
the mining activities, will be enhanced. As a result, the developed policies and legislation coupled
with a continuous monitoring programme will lead to setting of achievable and enforceable standards
within the artisanal mining sector.
Activity 6.1 Conduct literature review on artisanal gold extraction activities "sustainable indicator",
policies and legislation on environmental aspects and associated standards paying
attention to mercury pollution resulting from gold processing activities.
Activity 6.2 Carry out review of the identified indicators, legislation and regulations and compare
them to those existing in the country.
Activity 6.3 Based on the results of Activity 6.2, prepare and give recommendations on new or
revised indicators, policies and legislation.
Activity 6.4 Conduct consultations with various stakeholders on the recommendations and collect
views regarding sustainable operative indicators, policies and legislation that will lead
to achievable and enforceable standards.
Activity 6.5 Assist the Governments to develop guidelines on extraction indicators, and policies and
legislation that will lead to achievable and enforceable standards within the artisanal
mining sector.
Activity 6.6 Conduct a workshop with representatives from the stakeholders, relevant Government
institutions, the private sector and general public to discuss the proposed guidelines,
policies and legislation.
Activity 6.7 In collaboration with the Government, develop enforcement programmes.
Objective 7: Promote the dissemination of the produced project results and identify opportunities
that will allow the project to continue beyond the three year time frame through self-
financing and to initiate and conduct a Donor Conference to solicit financing.
Rationale:
37. Mercury pollution resulting from artisanal gold mining and extraction activities conducted around
or within the identified International Waterbodies, affects more countries than those participating in
this project. Also, within the participating countries, mercury is applied by artisanal miners in many
other areas than those selected for project demonstration. Some neighbouring countries also have
artisanal mining activities although not to the same extent as those in the participating countries. Over
the long-term, the interventions proposed should be expanded to cover wider areas within the same
country and those sharing the target basin. It is envisaged that the project training programmes,
awareness campaigns, capacity building and enhancement of the Governments capacity to develop
practical policies and legislation will ensure sustainability of the project. In collaboration with the
Government, the CPTF will be able to develop strategies for expansion of the project within the
country. Similarly, the BPTF in consultations with basin member countries should be able to
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
26
recommend strategies for extension of the project in other areas of the basin. The implementation of
such strategies will be realized by raising finance through demonstration of the current project
achievements. The achievements should also be disseminated both locally and internationally in order
to ensure that the project has a much wider contribution towards minimization of mercury pollution.
Activity 7.1 Organize country based annual workshops on sustainable artisanal gold extraction
techniques with participants from the stakeholders, relevant institutions and the general
public.
Activity 7.2 Organize and conduct three regional annual workshops, one in each of the three
regions, on sustainable gold extraction procedures and techniques with participants
from the stakeholders, relevant institutions and the general public.
Activity 7.3 Review the opportunities for self-financing of project components at the global,
national and regional levels, pinpointing the potential economic sources and
mechanisms.
Activity 7.4 Organize and sponsor a donor conference using the ongoing GEF project as leverage
for the creation of necessary additional financiers.
A.4
Risks, Sustainability and Commitments
Possible Risks
38. Political willingness: The long-term success of the global attempt to minimize negative
environmental impacts associated with artisanal gold extraction activities through the introduction of
efficient and cleaner gold mining and extraction technologies depends on one hand on the political
willingness of the participating countries. Political willingness of individual countries is important in
ensuring that barriers resulting from existing policies, legislative and fiscal frameworks, infrastructural
and other socio-economic related factors are removed. The removal of such barriers will create an
environment for effective execution of the project objectives. The political willingness factor is
however regarded as a moderate risk at this time as most participating countries have already initiated
reforms for the promotion of this sub-sector. The countries have either enacted new policies and
legislations that recognize artisanal mining as an important economic sector or are in the process of
doing so. In addition, all the participating countries have made specific commitments towards support
of this project.
39. Miners' willingness: The miners' willingness to participate is crucial to the success of the project.
Miners should be able to associate themselves to the overall approach that attempts to change the
fabrics of their mining culture. Although inefficient, environmentally unacceptable, having poor and
health standards and mostly illegal, most miners see artisanal mining activities as the only way of
getting out of the poverty trap. Miners need to be assured of the economic gains associated with the
envisaged changes in technology and the overall work organization structures. Cultural factors play
major roles in the management of mining operations and living conditions within the mining camps.
Compromises on the cultural and economic aspects of artisanal miners may wither the miners'
willingness to participate in the project. This is not regarded as a major risk for this project as the
proposed intervention programme will involve the miners from the planning, implementation, testing,
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
27
evaluation and monitoring to the conclusion of the project. Since many small-scale mining activities
are carried out illegally, the Project's demonstration sites must be located within licensed areas will
focus in order to enhance the Governments' efforts in legalizing the sector and thus encourage illegal
miners to register. The project demonstration sites will be identified within the preparatory phase of
the project; the same applies for checking the willingness of miners/cooperatives/small-scale mining
associations. The project will not attempt to cover the entire country to solve artisanal mining
problems. It is expected that at the end of three years, mechanisms will have been developed to allow
miners and the Government to extend the project to other areas. As such these barriers are not
regarded as a major risk.
40. Volatility of the mineral commodity prices: Low mineral commodity prices in world markets
would normally make a mining venture uneconomic taking into consideration the costs of production.
Poor gold prices would compromise the willingness of artisanal miners to participate in the project.
Although gold prices in the world markets are still low, the downward trend has been reversed and
prices are on the rise again. However, while this is a major risk to large-scale mining companies, it is
regarded moderate for artisanal mining. The low production costs of artisanal mining activities
normally allows them to exploit marginal reserves that are usually regarded as uneconomical by large-
scale mining companies. The increase in knowledge and awareness of miners on different mining
issues will help minimize this risk.
Sustainability
41. At the country level, the project components have been designed to impart knowledge and raise
awareness among participants, build capacity amongst different Government institutions and NGOs
and introduce technology that is efficient, environmentally acceptable and that adhere to health and
safety standards. The training component of the project is to ensure that miners, equipment
manufacturers and those in control of these activities become increasingly aware of the economic,
environmental and human health risks that result from the current working practices. Sensitization of
Government institutions and NGOs will enable them to develop strategies for ensuring that safer and
sustainable activities are carried out. The combination of these approaches and the existence of pilot
project results, will ensure that countries identify elements of sustainability for such activities.
42. The project is designed to exchange information and data and thus utilize the experience of one
country for the benefit of others. A UNIDO maintained Website and a global resource information
centre where reviews of past and existing studies on the application of mercury in gold processing can
be stored and shared accordingly, will be set-up. This will also ensure that proceedings of meetings of
the CPTFs, BPTFs and the GPTF can be exchanged between the participating countries. Information
relevant to small-scale miners will be drafted in such a way that a translation from English into the
local language spoken at the demonstration site is easily possible. This information will also contain
informative sketches to illustrate the principle of the interventions. At the end of the project, a
programme for self-financing will be worked out and a donors' conference organized in order to attract
more financing into the project. Attraction of donor funds will be based on demonstration of the
achievements over the three years and the ability to replicate these into other countries and regions
and hence ensure global benefits.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
28
Commitment of the Participating Governments and UNIDO
43. This proposal has been prepared with full long-term commitments of participating countries and
UNIDO. Each country is committed to provide one senior government official to lead the project in
additional to providing office space and facilities. On the other hand, UNIDO's commitment to the
project is demonstrated by the continuous efforts to abate mercury pollution through projects in other
countries, which are not participating in the Global Mercury Project.
A.5 Stakeholders Participation and Implementation Arrangements
Stakeholders Participation
44. During the PDF-B phase of this project, miners, local experts, the Government and local NGOs
participated fully in identifying barriers limiting the introduction of cleaner technology to artisanal
mining activities. Whereas local experts collected data and prepared country reports, the Governments
provided information regarding sectoral development plans and the associated budgets. It is further
appreciated that the success of the implementation phase will also depend on the commitment and
participation of the stakeholders. In order to avoid mistakes of other projects that tend to ignore the
significance of the stakeholders' participation and thus turn them into sources of data, this project
intends to involve them at all implementation levels. After the project has been approved, six project
awareness workshops will be organized, one in each country, in order to raise awareness of the miners
and their leadership, the Government, NGOs and the general public on the issues to be addressed and
exchange views. This will be followed by a field visit by the country focal point and his assistant in
order to conduct close consultations with the miners and their associations and provide elaboration of
the envisaged project implementation. This will enable adoption of the miners' views into the
programme and thus move towards development of a close working partnership between management,
consultants and stakeholders.
Project Implementation
45. UNIDO, which coordinated the work during the PDF-B Phase, will be the Executing Agency of
the project. Through the PCU and in collaboration with Governments in participating countries,
UNIDO is well situated to implement the project thanks to its project management experience in
similar projects and its international network.
Institutional Framework
46. In each participating country the project will be under the leadership of a senior Government
official and will be based within the institution responsible for mining affairs. In order to enhance
effective implementation of the project activities, an assistant to the country focal point will be
recruited to oversee the day-to-day running of the project. A Project Coordination Unit (PCU) based at
UNIDO in Vienna will be responsible for the overall coordination and overseeing implementation of
the project activities globally. The PCU will be comprised of a Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) (Level
P5) who will be assisted by a Small-Scale Mining Expert (Level P3) and supporting staff provided
from time to time by UNIDO. Specific activities will be carried out by both local and international
consultants who shall be recruited by the PCU in collaboration with Country Focal Points.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
29
47. Country Project Task Forces (CPTF) comprising members from relevant Government institutions
will be established to review, give advice and comments on the project implementation from time to
time. In addition there will be a Basin Project Task Force (BPTF), which will bring together
representatives from countries sharing the basin upon which the project is being implemented. BPTF
meetings will also be attended by representatives from the PCU, UNIDO and UNDP. The main task of
the BPTF will be to review the project activities, their implementation and give recommendations that
will ensure regional benefits. A Global Project Task Force (GPTF) comprising of members from the
Country Focal Points, CPTF, PCU, UNDP and UNIDO will be set-up to assess the achievements and
failures and recommend strategies for future directions.
A.6 Incremental Costs and Project Financing
48. The execution of the project objectives through pilot projects in selected demonstration sites will
demonstrate the strategies that can be adopted by developing countries in order to minimize the
negative environmental impacts resulting from artisanal gold extraction activities. Artisanal miners
use mercury as an easy and cheap way for recovering gold, which in turn is released to the
environment with far reaching negative impacts to human health and the environment at large.
Mercury released in a vapour form can be transported further by wind and precipitate over water
systems, where it accumulates in bottom sediments. Through oxidation it can finally be transformed
into methyl mercury. As the bottom sediments are transported by water currents to distant locations so
is methyl mercury, which is known to accumulate in biota, particularly in fish and hence entering the
food chain. These processes make mercury a global contaminant with potential transboundary impacts
due to atmospheric, riverine and biological transportation. Despite these transboundary negative
impacts, artisanal mining activities are significant to the economies of most developing countries
through their capacities to provide employment to the rural majority, generate foreign earnings to
Governments, exploit marginal uneconomical reserves and assist large companies in the discovery of
potential economic reserves. It is therefore of the essence that strategies aimed at transforming
artisanal gold extraction activities to environmentally acceptable operations be introduced and
demonstrated in relevant developing countries.
49. The cost of inaction is continued pollution, especially that resulting from the use of mercury,
which is known to be biomagnified within the aquatic ecosystem and hence spread, further through the
food chain. The incremental costs (IC) associated with the project, and which are the subject of the
following table, are those, which are deemed necessary to bring transformation of artisanal gold
extraction activities and thus bring global and regional benefits consistent with the GEF Operation
Strategy and OP #10 of the Operational Programmes document.
Section B. INPUTS
B.1 Government Inputs
50. Detailed information on co-financing activities of participating countries is provided in the Annex
V.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
30
B.2
GEF/UNDP Financing of Incremental Costs/Project Budget
51. Detailed information on co-financing activities of participating countries is provided in the Annex
to GEF/UNDP Project Brief.
Budget GLO/01/G34
Activity
Totals 2002 2003 2004
Line
No.
m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$
PERSONNEL
11-00
International Experts
11-01
Project Technical Adviser
1A.1
36.00 300,000
12.00 100,000
12.00 100,000
12.00 100,000
11-02
Small-scale Mining Expert
1A.1
36.00 288,000
12.00 96,000
12.00 96,000
12.00 96,000
11-50
Short-term International Consultants
11-51
Expert in Setting up a Resources Information Centre (website)
1A.4
3.00 25,000
2.00 16,000
1.00
9000
11-52
Expert in Project Evaluation and Assessment (lump sum)
1A.5
12.00 100,000
4.00
33,000 4.00
33000 4.00
34,000
11-53
Expert in TRAIN-X Methodology
2.6
12.00 90,000
4.00 30,000
4.00 30,000
4.00 30,000
13-00
Administrative Support Personnel
13-01
Drivers (one per country, 10 months/year)
1B.1
90,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
15-00
Monitoring and Evaluation
15-01
Travel annually to GPTF meetings
1A.3
54,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
15-02
Local staff project travel and DSA
1B.1
216,000
72,000
72,000
72,000
15-03
Review past, existing and prepare new case studies
1B.3
18,000
18,000
15-04
Travel annually to BPTF meetings
1B.5
84,600
28,200
28,200
28,200
15-05
Travel Quarterly to CPTF meetings
1B.5
50,400
16,800
16,800
16,800
15-06
Travel for project monitoring
1B.5
108,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
15-07
Conduct survey for demonstration of new technology
2.1
38,000
38,000
15-08
Travel for institutional cooperation
2.7
18,000
6,040
5,980
5,980
15-09
Database of artisanal mining technologies
4.1
7,000
7,000
15-10
Identification of existing fabrication facilities
4.3
3,000
3,000
15-11 Legislation
review and recommendation
6.4
22,000
22,000
15-12
Travel to country based workshops
7.1
61,000
20,330
20,330
20,340
15-13
Travel to regional workshops
7.2
40,800
13,600
13,600
13,600
15-14
Travel to Donors Conference
7.3
26,000
26,000
16-00
Mission Costs
16-01
PCU travels and DSA
1A.1
60,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
16-02
Recruitment of local consultants
1B.2
30,000
30,000
17-00
National Experts
17-01-06 National Assistant to Country Focal Point
1B.1
216.00 540,000
72.00 180,000
72.00 180,000
72.00 180,000
2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3,
17-07-12 National Legal Expert in Mining and Policy
6.5, 6.7
101.50 203,000
12.00 24,000
89.50 179,000
17-13-18 National WID Expert / Sociological Expert
2.3
9.00 18,000
9.00 18,000
1B.3, 2.3, 2.7, 4.1,
17-19-24 National Mineral Processing/Small-Scale Mining Expert
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.5 73.00 146,000
42.00 83,800
15.50 31,100
15.50 31,100
17-25-30 National Nurse to Second Toxicologists/Neurologists 3.5
15.00 30,000
6.00 12,000
6.00 12,000
3.00 6,000
19-99
SUB-TOTAL PERSONNEL COMPONENT
513.50 2,666,800 175.00
939,770 216.00
963,010 122.50
764,020
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
31
Budget
Activity
Totals 2002 2003 2004
Line
No.
m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$ m/ms US
$
21-00
SUB-CONTRACTS
21-01
Conduct stakeholders awareness campaigns
2.4
94,000
47,000
47,000
21-02
Develop & implement awareness programmes through media
2.5
160,500
53,500
53,500
53,500
21-03
Establish the extent and impact of Hg on environment
3.1, 3.3
254,000
84000
86000
84000
21-04
Establish the extent and impact of Hg on health
3.2, 3.4
460,000
155,000
155,000
150,000
21-05
Formulate measures for remediation and rehabilitation
3.7
90,000
90,000
21-06
Investigate and develop micro-financing programmes
4.5
500,000
168,000 332,000
21-07
Execution of on-the-job training
5.1
218,000
72,000 146,000
21-08
Execution of training for manufacturers
5.2
40,500
40,500
21-09
Set-up alternatives and high recovery methods
5.3, 5.4
130,000
32500
65,000
32500
21-10
Mercury immobilization programme
5.6
110,000
110,000
21-11
Compile and produce documentary videos
5.7
45,000
45,000
21-99
SUB-TOTAL SUB-CONTRACTS COMPONENT
2,102,000
612,000 1,125,000 365,000
32-00
OTHER TRAINING
32-01 GPTF
meetings
1A.3
32,000
10,700
10,700
10,600
32-02
Project awareness workshop
1B.4
45,200
45,200
32-03 BPTF
meetings
1B.5
58,680
19,560
19,560
19,560
32-04 CPTF
meetings
1B.5
60,320
20,040
20,040
20,240
32-05
Workshop on new indicator guidelines and legislation
6.6
50,000
50,000
32-06
Country based workshops on sustainable artisanal mining
7.1
28,000
9,300
9,300
9,400
32-07
Regional based workshops on sustainable artisanal mining
7.2
19,200
6,390
6,390
6,420
32-08 Donor
Conference
7.4
42,000
42,000
32-09
Travel to Awareness Workshop by Government Officials
1B.4
18,800
18,800
32-99
SUB-TOTAL MEETINGS COMPONENT
354,200 129,990
65,990 158,220
45-00
EQUIPMENT
45-01
Expendable equipment for PCU
1A.2
20,000
20,000
45-02
Transport and administrative equipment for countries
1B.1
270,000
270,000
45-03
Monitoring equipment for selected local laboratories
3.6
300,000
100,000 200,000
45-04
Alternative equipment to mercury amalgamation
5.3
365,000
91,250 182,500
91250
45-05
High recovery gravity concentration equipment
5.4
350,000
87,500 175,000
87500
45-06
Vehicles operating costs
1B.1
60,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
45-99
SUB-TOTAL EQUIPMENT COMPONENT
1,365,000
588,750
577,500
198,750
TOTAL (Excluding 5% Support Costs)
513.50
6,488,000
175.00 2,270,510 216.00 2,731,500 122.50 1,485,990
AOS
318,800
99-99
GRAND TOTAL
513.50 6,806,800
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
32
B.3 UNDP
Inputs
52.
Detailed information on co-financing activities of UNDP is provided in the Annex to
GEF/UNDP Project Brief.
B.4 UNIDO Inputs
53. Since almost a decade, UNIDO has been assisting a number of developing countries in
introducing cleaner technologies in small-scale gold mining. These activities have started with very
modest funding from UNIDO's own regular budget. Within the last years, donor Governments, such
as Austria, France and Japan, have generously supported these activities aiming at reducing mercury
emissions from small-scale gold mining. For calculating the co-financing of the GEF Global Mercury
Project through UNIDO, the same method has been applied as for calculating the parallel co-financing
of participating Governments; i.e. only those mercury-related project activities have been taken into
account, which had started in the year 2000 and will continue during the implementation of the GEF
Global Mercury Project until 2005. These parallely disbursed funds for planned and ongoing UNIDO
activities pertaining to environmental management of artisanal gold mining amount to US$642,000.
Moreover, UNIDO will provide as in-kind contribution office, fax, telephone, Internet connection to
the Project Coordination Unit at UNIDO Headquarters during the entire period of implementation.
These costs are estimated at US$28,000. Total UNIDO co-financing amounts, therefore, to
US$670,000.
B.5
Monitoring, Evaluation and Dissemination
Monitoring and Evaluation
54. The CPTF is expected to have regular quarterly meetings in order to review the implementation
of the project and thus be able to give advice from time to time on the course of action. In addition, the
CPTF will have resources to visit the project implementation sites, review implementation of the
project objectives and advise accordingly. The BPTF will also meet once a year through which the
emerging issues that are affecting countries within the basin will be reviewed in order to ensure
regional and global benefits from the project. The project will also be subjected to various evaluation
and review mechanisms of UNDP, including the Annual Project Review (APR), an independent final
evaluation and an annual Tri-Partite Review (TPR). There will also be a Final Report prior to the
termination of the project. At the country level, the project will also be subject to the GEF review
process including PIR and will aim to establish process (e.g., changes in practices, laws, etc.), stress
reduction (e.g., reduced mercury emissions) and environmental status indicators (e.g., indication of the
reduction of mercury in the environment) and the review of the project implementation processes.
Dissemination of Results
55. Dissemination of the project results will be carried out through meetings, workshops and
seminars with stakeholders and other relevant institutions. At the local level, there will be an annual
workshop organized in each country and attended by stakeholders and representatives from relevant
institutions. Three international workshops, one in each region, are planned and will be attended by
representatives from stakeholders, Government institutions and members of the international
community interested in the subject. Meetings of task forces will serve to disseminate the project
results both at national, regional and international levels. The established global resource information
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
33
centre that will have a project specific Website will be used to disseminate the project results to a
much wider audience.
56. As regards the project implementation period of 3 years, UNIDO will take care that the lessons
learnt from other mercury-related projects in Tanzania, Ghana and Philippines will be applied and the
timeframe will be kept as in these previous projects. It must also be mentioned that the implementation
of most of the project activities in one or two project sites allows the concentration of efforts and
improves time efficiency. Advantage will be taken of the technological achievements in the individual
countries and the availability of data related to health and environment.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
34
ANNEX I
Job Descriptions
11-01
Project Manager/Chief Technical Advisor
11-02
Small-Scale Mining Expert
11-51
Expert in establishing Web Sites
11-52
Expert in Monitoring and Evaluation of mining-related projects
11-53
Expert in Train-X Methodology
17-01 17-06 Assistant to the Country Focal Point / Environmental Management Expert
17-06 17-12 Legal Expert in Mining Law and Policy
17-13 17-18 National WID Expert
17-19 17-24 National Mineral Processing/Small-Scale Mining Expert
17-25 17-30 Nurse to second Medical Group of Toxicologists/Neurologists
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
35
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
11-01
Post title
Project Manager/Chief Technical Advisor
Duration
36
m/m
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
UNIDO Headquarters and implementation sites in participating countries
Counterpart
UNDD/GEF, Country Ministries/Institutions responsible for mining,
environment and health
Duties
The CTA shall be responsible for the overall coordination of all aspects of the Global Mercury Programme in
general and in particular. He/she shall head the Project PCU and liaise directly with UNDP/GEF, CPTF, BPTF,
GPTF, the Country Focal Points, Ministries of Mines, Environment and Health, in order to coordinate the
annual work plan for the programme. He/she shall be responsible for delivery of all substantive, managerial
and financial reports from the Project. He/she will provide overall supervision for staff in the Programme
Coordination Unit as well as guiding and supervising all external policy relations. He/she shall consult with,
and coordinate closely with senior representatives of partner agencies as well as the respective UNDP officers
in all participating countries. In particular, the CTA will have the following specific duties:
· to manage the GEF Components of the PCU, its staff and budget;
· to prepare the annual work plan of the programme on the basis of the Project Document, in close
consultation and coordination with the CPTF, BPTF GPTF, Country Focal Points and GEF Partners;
· to coordinate and monitor the activities described in the work plan;
· to ensure consistency between the various programme elements and related activities co-financed by
other bodies;
· to prepare and oversee the development of Terms of Reference for consultants and contractors;
· to coordinate and oversee the preparation of the substantive and operational reports from the Project;
· to foster and establish links with other related GEF programmes and, where appropriate, with other
relevant regional International Water programmes and;
· to submit quarterly reports to UNDP/GEF.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Mining/Mineral processing engineer with post-graduate degree and
extensive experience in small-scale mining, beneficiation techniques,
environmental assessments and technology transfer
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
36
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
37
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
11-02
Post title Small-Scale
Mining
Expert
Duration
36
m/m
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
UNIDO Headquarters and implementation sites in participating countries
Counterpart
Country Ministries/Institutions responsible for mining, environment and health
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· Meet Country Focal Points, Government officials and other relevant institutions and agree on project
implementation strategies;
· In association with Country Focal Points, their assistants and other project personnel, visit the mining
sites, collect information on the existing activities, conduct discussions with miners on the proposed project
and seek their views;
· Attend project awareness meetings and make presentations on project objectives and outputs. Attend
country, regional and global task force meetings;
· By using the established Website at UNIDO Headquarters, prepare information and data relevant to the
project and put it on the Website and establish linkage to the participating countries;
· Review requirements for equipment for each participating country, make recommendations on both the
appropriate equipment and suppliers;
· Conduct regular visits to project implementation sites, review and give advices to the project team, and;
· Prepare reports according to the requirements of the project.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Mining/Mineral processing engineer with experience in small-scale
mining techniques
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
38
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
39
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
11-51
Post title
Expert in establishing Web Sites
Duration
3
m/m
Date required
as soon as possible.
Duty station
Home
based
Counterpart PCU
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Coordination Unit, the expert will be responsible for building up a website
established on the principal of simplicity in order that users obtain directly the information they seek. The job
comprises the following duties:
· Establish a website containing only valid HTML. All web pages must be accessible by all standard
browsers, including text-based browsers, older & newer versions of graphical browsers;
· Prepare a questionnaire for UNIDO to determine the best promotional stance to take and based on the
questionnaire propose the best possible way to achieve Internet exposure for the Global Mercury
Programme;
· Prepare the primary web page according to graphic lay-out of UNIDO homepage and establish links to
it;
· Prepare initial web pages in such a way that they begin with indices that are broad and cover all lower
level documents; subsequent pages should have more precise indices referring to greater detail;
· Maintain and update the site every six months, and;
· Submit it to twenty or more of the Internet's most popular search engines.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior IT specialist with experience in setting up web sites
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
40
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
41
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
11-52
Post title
Expert in Monitoring and Evaluation of mining-related projects
Duration
12
m/m
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
Home based and implementation sites in participating countries
Counterpart
PCU, Country Focal Point and Ministries/Institutions responsible for mining,
environment and health
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· To inspect project sites and to evaluate the achieved results with the planned project objectives and
project outputs.
· To hold hearings with the Country Focal Points for assessing public opinion on project implementation.
· To check compliance of ongoing project activities regarding the removal of barriers to the introduction
of clean technology.
· To comment on the effectiveness of installations and the quality of training.
· To outline any gaps, deficiencies and concerns in intervals of 12 months regarding project
implementation.
· To advise on further opportunities regarding the removal of barriers and devise plans of action, if
necessary, to manage the identified issues and problems.
· To propose corrective measures regarding execution of project activities and dissemination of results.
· To submit detailed reports on above issues to PCU.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Mining/Mineral processing engineer with experience in small-scale
mining techniques
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
42
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
43
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
11-53
Post title
Expert in Train-X Methodology
Duration
12
m/m
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
Implementation sites in participating countries
Counterpart
PCU, Country Focal Point and Ministries/Institutions responsible for mining,
environment and health
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· Create generic and adaptable versions of course packages which will form a targeted education and
training programme for Governmental officers, representatives of small-scale mining organizations and
small-scale mining entrepreneurs;
· Using the TRAIN-X methodology, the Training expert will cooperate with the Ministries of Mines,
Environment and Health in the preparation of adaptable training packages for in the six participating;
· Conduct training programmes in each country separately for Governmental officers, members of small-
scale mining associations and small-scale mining entrepreneurs in coordination with the WID and
Small-scale Mining Expert Conduct training paying attention to:
Principles of mercury-free ore-dressing and mineral processing;
Equipment for mercury re-cycling;
Reagents and chemicals;
Mineral processing flowsheets;
Mineral processing equipment selection, operations and maintenance;
Occupational Exposure to mercury and;
Health hazards.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Mining/Mineral processing engineer with experience in small-scale
mining techniques
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
44
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
45
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
17-01, 17-02, 17-03, 17-04, 17-05 17-06
Post title
Assistant to the Country Focal Point / Environmental Management Expert
Duration
216 m/m (total for a maximum number of 6 experts)
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
Capital of participating country and implementation site in participating
country
Counterpart
Country Ministries/Institutions responsible for mining, environment and health
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· Brief Country Focal Point on all project related activities, keep Government officials and other relevant
institutions posted and assist UNIDO in all questions regarding project implementation.
· In association with PCU, Country Focal point and technical counterparts, prepare missions of
International and National Experts and project personnel (sub-contractors) to the field.
· In cooperation with PCU and Country Focal Point assist in organizing country task force meetings,
project awareness meetings.
· Facilitate the coordination of stakeholders work in the field and establish linkages between
Government, mining associations and private sector.
· Conduct regular visits to project implementation sites, review and give advices to the project team.
· Supervision and quality control of all project activities, design pilot testing, development of alternative
high-efficiency artisanal mining and processing equipment and transfer of new mining/beneficiation
methods to targeted population.
· Coordinate and supervise training activities.
· Prepare reports for PCU and Country Focal Point according to the requirements of the project.
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Environmental Management Expert with experience in small-scale
mining techniques
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
46
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
47
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
17-07, 17-08, 17-09, 17-10, 17-11, 17-12
Post title
Legal Expert in Mining Law and Policy
Duration
101.5 m/m total for a maximum number of 6 experts
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
Capitals of participating countries
Counterpart
PCU, country's Ministry of Mines, Chamber of Mines, small-scale mining
associations
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· Meet officials of Government and mining related institutions and discuss present mining and
environmental legislation.
· Visit the sites and use experience from other countries to give recommendations on possible legal and
administrative framework to address the various environmental challenges of small-scale gold mining.
· In collaboration with the project management, conduct a workshop to discuss the proposed
recommendations regarding the possible legal and administrative framework to address the various
environmental challenges of small-scale gold mining.
· Review relevant legislation, policies and literature.
· Prepare a report giving recommendations for updating mining and environmental policies and
legislation with respect to artisanal and small-scale mining.
· Prepare a report giving recommendations on development of an enforcement programme.
Language
English
Qualifications Senior Mining Expert with experience in environmental and mining law
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
48
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
49
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
17-13, 17-14, 17-15, 17-16, 17-17, 17-18
Post Title
National
WID
Expert
Duration
9 m/m total for a maximum number of 6 experts
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
Country Project Headquarters and implementation sites
Counterpart
Country Ministry/Institution responsible for mining
Duties
Under the direction of the Country Focal Point and in co-operation with other project personnel, the expert will
be responsible for the following duties:
· Analyze sociological structure of mining community such as number of households, names, sex,
number of family members, age, pregnancies, education, percentage of illiteracy...
· Check habitat, proximity to extraction activities, and find out possible ways of exposure.
· Check occupational hygiene and dietary habits.
· Check readiness of questioned people to participate in medical check-up.
· Meet representatives of women's associations to discuss the status and situation of women engaged in
gold mining, share of women and their contribution to the incomes of the households, type of work they
are carrying out in the mining process and their working conditions.
· Meet concerned women in small-scale and artisanal mining project implementation areas to investigate
their actual living and working conditions and the need to let children take part in the income
generation.
· Prepare recommendations to the project management on how the project can better address women's
problems and can better integrate them into the mining activities they are involved in.
· Select a group of women participating in the project and follow-up their progress. Based on their
experience recommend further improvements in project activities.
· Assist in the preparation of monthly and progress reports as required.
Language
English and the local languages
Qualification
Women with a Diploma or university degree in Social Sciences, experience in
training of local women and knowledge on the operation of small-scale and
artisanal mining
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
50
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
51
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
17-19, 17-20, 17-21, 17-22, 17-23, 17-24
Post title
National Mineral Processing/Small-Scale Mining Expert
Duration
73 m/m total for a maximum number of 6 experts
Date required
as soon as possible
Duty station
UNIDO Headquarters and implementation sites in participating countries
Counterpart
Country Ministry/Institution responsible for mining
Duties
Under the direction of the Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal Points, the expert
will be responsible for the following duties:
· Meet Country Focal Points, Government officials and other relevant institutions and agree on project
implementation strategies.
· Review past case studies on small-scale mining issues in respect to lessons learned.
· In collaboration with other members of the project team, conduct meetings with Government, local and
provincial officials and establish the status of artisanal gold mining and extraction at selected Project
site.
· In association with Country Focal Points, their assistants and other project personnel, inspect the
mining/extraction sites, collect information on the existing activities, conduct discussions with miners
on the proposed project and seek their views and undertake a thorough training needs assessment.
· Based on the collected field data, identify problems associated with the current mineral processing
techniques and prepare an outline for the training programme.
· Condense findings in a database.
· Identify new equipment and manufacturers as well as local and foreign supply routes. Identify import
restriction and duties.
· Establish linkages between equipment suppliers and small-scale miners.
· Assist the International Expert on TrainX and conduct training paying attention to:
Mineral processing equipment selection, operations and maintenance;
Principles of mercury-free ore-dressing and mineral processing;
Equipment for mercury re-cycling;
Reagents and chemicals;
Mineral processing flowsheets.
· Attend project awareness meetings and make presentations on project objectives and outputs.
· Attend country task force meetings.
· In collaboration with the PCU and Country Focal Point introduce cleaner technologies at Project sites.
· Assist in internal project monitoring and evaluation programmes.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
52
Language
English
Qualifications
Senior Mining/Mineral processing engineer with experience in small-scale
mining techniques
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
53
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING AND
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
JOB DESCRIPTION
17-25, 17-26, 17-27, 17-28, 17-29, 17-30
Post title
Nurse to second Medical Group of Toxicologists/Neurologists
Duration
15 m/m total for a maximum number of 6 experts
Date required
as soon as possible.
Duty station
Implementation site in participating country
Counterpart
Country Ministries/Institutions responsible for health
Duties
Under the direction of the Project Manager/Chief Technical Adviser and in co-operation with Country Focal
Points, the expert will be responsible for the following duties:
· Participate in clinical/toxicological/neurological check-ups and maintain accurate medical records to
assure compliance with examinations.
· Provide health services and counseling before and after clinical/laboratory check-ups in an effective and
positive manner to enhance the health of the small-scale mining community.
· Compile data for statistical purposes and maintain confidentiality regarding all health-related issues.
· Provide clinical assistance under the direction of the medical group of Toxicologists/Neurologists, such
as assisting with blood, urine and hair sampling, vision and hearing screening and other screening as
directed, i.e. height/weight, blood pressure, etc...
· Encourages communicable disease prevention practices.
Language
English
Qualifications
Registered nurse with experience in public health issues
Background information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the environment and to
the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal gold miners, is absorbed by the
human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air. Artisanal mining activities provide income to the
world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a great majority of the miners being women and children.
For every gram of gold recovered, about two grams of mercury are released into the environment - often
resulting in the death of men, women and children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity
and effectiveness of the technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved
with procedures using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low
cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology while improving the
income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and awareness and providing
policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due consideration for gender issues.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
54
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The secondary beneficiaries
will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very nature and extent of the damage
caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield extraction methods that
could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and its dissemination; training of
miners in the application of new technology, training of local manufacturers; awareness creation on the
protection of the environment as well as policy advice to governments and local institutions.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
55
ANNEX II
Subcontracts
TOR of subcontract 21-01: Stakeholders Awareness Campaign
TOR of subcontract 21-02: Awareness Campaign through Media
TOR of subcontract 21-03: Environmental Assessment
TOR of subcontract 21-04: Assessment of Health
TOR of subcontract 21-05: Site Remediation
TOR of subcontract 21-06: Micro-Financing System
TOR of subcontract 21-07: On-the-Job Training
TOR of subcontract 21-08: Execution of Training Programme for Local Fabricators
and
Manufacturers
TOR of subcontract 21-09: Introduction of Alternatives to Amalgamation and Mobile
High Recovery Concentrators
TOR of subcontract 21-10: Mercury Immobilization Programme
TOR of subcontract 21-11: Execution of Documentary Video
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
56
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-01
STAKEHOLDERS AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
The project aims to raise awareness of the major stakeholders, i.e., miners and their
associations, NGOs, members of public, relevant Government institutions, local Governments and
others, on the negative impacts associated with the uncontrolled use of mercury, poor technology, lack
of appropriate knowledge and adequate policies.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Identification of the key stakeholders within the Government and non-Government institutions,
NGOs, miners and their associations and members of the public;
· Visit the selected project demonstration sites and relevant areas, conduct consultations with the
identified stakeholders and establish requirements and methodologies for conducting the
awareness campaigns;
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
57
· Through consultations with the project management prepare recommendations on the
requirements and methodologies for the awareness campaigns;
· Select centers upon which the awareness campaigns will be conducted;
· Prepare awareness campaign materials based on the identified requirements and
methodologies;
· Carry out discussions on the planned methodologies and requirements with selected
stakeholders;
· Carry out the awareness campaigns in the selected centers through the identified
methodologies, and;
· Prepare a report summarizing the campaigns achievements, facts and conclusions.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word), submission 3 weeks
after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final Report.
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
58
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-02
AWARENESS CAMPAIGN THROUGH MEDIA
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
The project aims to raise awareness of the stakeholders by using the media that is easily
accessible by the target groups on the negative impacts associated with the uncontrolled use of
mercury, poor technology, lack of appropriate knowledge and adequate policies.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit mining areas and conduct consultations with miners and their associations in order to
identify areas in which there is lack of awareness amongst miners;
· Within the project demonstration areas, identify the popular local media (Television, radio,
newspapers) that are easily accessible by the stakeholders;
· Conduct discussions with owners of the media and establish the costs involved in presenting
educational programmes;
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· In collaboration with the project management, select the appropriate media to be used for
awareness campaigns;
· Based on the identified areas where there is lack of awareness, select different topics and
prepare materials for presentation in the media;
· In collaboration with the selected media, work out the presentation methodologies (i.e., as
documentaries, panel discussions, feature articles, cartoons, etc...);
· Prepare a schedule identifying topics, presentation dates, duration and other considerations and
discuss the schedule with the relevant media;
· Carry out the awareness campaigns according to the planned and agreed schedule;
· Conduct monitoring of the awareness campaign and establish its effectiveness by visiting and
conducting discussions with the stakeholders, and;
· Prepare a concise report on all findings on the effectiveness of awareness campaigns through
the media.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word), submission 3 weeks
after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-03
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
The project requires substantial input, mainly in form of inorganic mercury analyses of water,
sediments, soil, biochemical analyses for determining mercury concentrations in fish and food.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Meet officials of Government and mining related institutions and discuss present situation of
the environment in gold the mining and processing area and evaluate existing data of analyses
conducted in the past;
· Investigate the situation of the habitat/agricultural sites in the vicinity of small-scale mining
activities and take samples;
· Analyse biological samples;
· Evaluate the nature and extent of the mercury pollution in produce, especially in those being
part of the main diet;
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· Introduce and set-up a monitoring system for continuous biological sampling and analyses;
· Advise on necessary interactions between government departments, mining industry and
research institutions;
· Prepare a concise report on all findings and data on biological sampling including
recommendations;
· Investigate the situation of the environment on the spot and take samples from waters,
sediments and soils, where pollution can be assumed;
· Analyze inorganic samples. Expected number of samples is at least 500, but not exceeding
most probably 750 per country. The exact number of samples within these limits will be
determined during project implementation;
· Evaluate the nature and extent of the mercury pollution in a selected river system;
· Introduce and set-up a monitoring system for continuous water quality assessment;
· Formulate measures for the remediation and possible rehabilitation of hot spots in the river
systems and vicinities;
· Advise on necessary interactions between government departments, mining industry and
research institutions, and;
· Prepare a concise report on all findings and data on environmental sampling including
recommendations.
3.
Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report in English, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in three (3)
copies, not later than 3 month after receipt of last samples.
(b)
A Final Report in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette, submission 3 weeks after
discussion of draft report and its results with UNIDO project manager.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-04
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e. introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
In addition to clinical/neurological/toxicological check-ups the project requires substantial
input, mainly in form of mercury analyses of human specimens, such as blood, urine and hair.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Refine and develop a UNIDO questionnaire on general health condition of members of the
mining community and on indications for symptoms of mercury poisoning;
· Advise on most suitable sampling techniques for the survey;
· Develop protocols and interact with local health institutions and the National Expert on Health,
i.e. the nurse seconding the Sub-contractor;
· Advise on best preservation methods for urine and blood samples;
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· Based on the sociological survey of the selected mining community undertaken by a National
Expert, take and analyze biological samples from a pre-determined cohort of approx. 250
people per country;
· Based on analytical results, advise on the health risk of people living near mining operations
and gold shops where gold is melted;
· Conduct anamnestic/clinical/neurological/toxicological test programme according to the state
of the art. Start with this work in 2002;
· Check for neurological disturbances, behavioral disorders, motor neurological functions,
cognitive capabilities, balance, gait, reflexes etc...
· Double check participants in the health survey, who exhibit signs of mercury intoxication.
Undertake this follow-up once in 2003 and 2004;
· Deliberate with health authorities on their appropriate treatment;
· Maintain accurate medical records to assure compliance with examinations;
· Provide health services and counseling before and after clinical/laboratory check-ups in an
effective manner to enhance the health of the small-scale mining community. Cooperate with
the Sub-contractor on the environmental assessment in order to incorporate their conclusions in
the health counseling;
· Compile data for statistical purposes and maintain confidentiality regarding all health-related
issues;
· Encourage communicable disease prevention practices, and;
· Prepare a report summarizing facts and conclusions.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than 1
month after receipt of last samples.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-05
SITE REMEDIATION
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
In addition to identifying the "hot spots" within the mining areas the project will aim at
carrying out remediation of the identified areas so as to minimize the impact of mercury pollution.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit the mining sites within the project demonstration areas, carry out discussions with miners
on pollution of the mining areas, examine the mining and processing areas and compile
information on possible levels of pollution;
· Meet official of the relevant Government institutions and environmental agencies and discuss
the situation regarding the polluted artisanal mining areas and the possible remediation
measures;
· Based on the field data identifying the "hot spot" areas identify and formulate measures for
remediation of the polluted areas;
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· Collect and compile information on similar site remediation programmes in other countries
with similar operations;
· Conduct discussions with the miners on the envisaged remediation programme and identify
significant issues for incorporation into the programme;
· Prepare the remediation programme identifying clearly the technology to be used, equipment
and tools required and time schedule;
· Carry out the site remediation according to the prepared programme;
· Prepare and carry out monitoring programme of the rehabilitated sites and compile progressive
data, and;
· Prepare a concise report on all the findings and data on site remediation and possible long term
monitoring.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-06
MICRO-FINANCING SYSTEM
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
In addition to raising awareness and demonstration of simple and efficient technology, the
project intends to provide a micro-financing programme in order to enhance the capacity of miners to
acquire simple and efficient technology.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Identify micro-financing programmes that exist in the country and internationally;
· Conduct consultations with the management of the identified local micro-financing
programmes and compile the individual operating procedures;
· Conduct consultations with artisanal miners, miners' associations, relevant NGO's,
Government institutions and compile requirements for a mining micro-financing programme;
· Prepare a micro-financing programme for artisanal miners, identifying clearly the funding
sources, modes of repayment, chargeable interests, sustainability of the programme, etc...
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· Present and discuss with stakeholders the proposed micro-financing programme during
Country Project Task Force Meeting (CPTF);
· Following the meeting with CPTF prepare findings report and identify key issues for
incorporation into the programme;
· Incorporate the findings into the proposed programme before presentation to the Project
Coordination Unit (PCU);
· In cooperation with the country project management prepare implementation procedure for the
micro-financing programme;
· Identify a group of stakeholders and carry out tests of the prepared programme;
· Conduct monitoring of the group to which micro-financing has been availed and identify any
shortfalls to the implementation procedures and carry out adjustments accordingly, and;
· Prepare a report to be presented to possible donors to the micro-financing programme
indicating results of the field trials of the programmes and give recommendations for full-scale
implementation.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of contract period.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-07
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
In addition to provision and demonstration of cleaner and efficient technology, the project will
train artisanal miners in order to impart them with knowledge of the efficient and environmentally
acceptable mining and processing techniques.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit the mining areas, study and clearly identify the current mining and processing techniques
used;
· Identify the deficiencies of the current techniques, categorize them into those that can be
improved and those to be replaced;
· Prepare a proposal identifying working methods which have deficiencies that can be improved
and methods for improvement;
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· Conduct discussions with the miners on the proposed new working techniques and incorporate
their views in the proposal;
· Identify educational backgrounds of miners and group them accordingly for training purposes;
· Identify training needs in accordance to working groups, e.g., miners, processing, mine
services, etc...
· Conduct consultations with the project management in order to understand the proposed
equipment and tools to be introduced;
· Finalize the on-the-job training proposal by incorporating into the training programme the
equipment and tools to be introduced;
· Identify the miners' work schedules so that the training programme will have limited
interference in their economic activities;
· Prepare an implementation programme identifying clearly the training methodology, number
of trainees per site, training requirements and time schedule;
· Make presentation of the programme to the project management and incorporate any new
views;
· Carry out training in accordance to the approved programme and schedules, and;
· Prepare a concise report on the implementation of the training programme showing clearly the
trained individuals, their specializations, achievements and failures.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-08
EXECUTION OF TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR LOCAL FABRICATORS AND
MANUFACTURERS
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
Although the project will introduce and demonstrate cleaner and efficient technologies, it also
aims at building capacity in order to ensure that some of the introduced equipment and tools can be
produced locally. This will ensure that the introduced technology is easily accessible and affordable.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit the mining areas within the project demonstration centers, identify and familiarize with
the existing working equipment and tools;
· In consultation with the project management, identify new equipment and tools that are to be
introduced;
· Conduct a survey, especially in towns surrounding the demonstration centers, and identify
potential fabricators and manufacturers;
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· Assess and compile a list of facilities available to each of the identified fabricator and
manufacturer;
· Based on their identified capacity and capabilities, select a group regarded as suitable for
training, hold discussions with them and prepare a list of participants;
· Prepare a training programme aimed at introducing special features of mining the identified
mining equipment and tools, production costs effectiveness, marketing, material requirements,
quality control and other engineering design features;
· In consultation with the project management, select a training site and agree on the schedule.
· Conduct training according to the programme and time schedule, and;
· Prepare a concise report showing the trained groups, achievements and any other relevant
information.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-09
INTRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVES TO AMALGAMATION AND MOBILE HIGH
RECOVERY CONCENTRATORS
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
As part of the introduction and demonstration of the cleaner and efficient technologies, the
project intends to introduce alternatives to amalgamation so as to minimize the negative impacts
resulting from the application of mercury. In addition, the project intends to improve miners'
production efficiency through the introduction of mobile high recovery concentrators.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit the mining areas within the project demonstration sites, study and document the
amalgamation techniques used;
· Compile data and information on technologies that have been used in other countries in
artisanal gold mining and that can compete with amalgamation in terms of efficiency and cost
effectiveness;
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· Select suitable technologies that can be applied under the working conditions of the specific
country;
· Identify and document requirements and availability of the selected technologies;
· Identify suppliers of mobile high recovery concentrators;
· Based on the suppliers documentation and own experience, recommend suitable concentrators
based on their application in similar environment, costs, efficiency and other technical
considerations;
· Prepare a programme for introduction showing time schedules, installation requirements,
training needs, etc...
· Conduct consultation with miners and incorporate their view into the implementation
programme;
· Acquire the alternative technologies to amalgamation and conduct test trials demonstrating
clearly their efficiency and cost effectiveness;
· Identify any deficiencies in the introduced technology, rectify and carry out full-scale
demonstration and on-the-job training;
· Acquire and install mobile high efficiency concentrators;
· Conduct trial runs, identify any deficiencies, rectify accordingly and conduct on-the-job
training;
· Compile an easy to apply users and maintenance manuals possibly in the local languages, and;
· Prepare a concise report on the installation, trail runs and full application of the new
technologies.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-10
MERCURY IMMOBILIZATION PROGRAMME
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
In addition to identification of "hot spots" areas and site remediation, the project plans to carry
out a mercury immobilization programme in respective areas within the project demonstration sites.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Visit the mining sites within the project demonstration centers and collect relevant data on the
identified "hot spots" and areas for mercury immobilization;
· Compile available information on mercury immobilization technology demonstrating its
application in other areas, success and failures;
· Prepare a programme for immobilization showing areas involved, materials on site, effect on
the miners' economic activities, possible environmental impacts and other considerations;
· Conduct consultations with local environmental agencies, present the proposed immobilization
programme and solicit opinions;
Global Mercury Project
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75
· Conduct consultations with miners and their associations, discuss proposed programme and
seek their views;
· Incorporate views of the environmental agencies and those of miners into the programme;
· Carry out the immobilization programme while keeping records of the step-by-step
implementation of the immobilization procedure;
· Conduct adequate tests to demonstrate effectiveness of the programme, and;
· Prepare concise report giving data on the implementation of the programme and tests for its
effectiveness.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report of 150 pages, in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word),
submission 3 weeks after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final
Report.
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TERMS OF REFERENCE OF SUBCONTRACT 21-11
EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTARY VIDEO
REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO THE INTRODUCTION OF CLEANER ARTISANAL MINING
AND EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
1. Background
Information
Mercury is one of the most toxic substances in the world causing significant damage to the
environment and to the health of people who handle it. Mercury, which is used mostly by artisanal
gold miners, is absorbed by the human organism through drinking water, food or breathed air.
Artisanal mining activities provide income to the world's poorest populations and ethnic minorities; a
great majority of the miners being women and children. For every gram of gold recovered, about two
grams of mercury are released into the environment - often resulting in the death of men, women and
children and in a permanently ruined habitat. The relevant simplicity and effectiveness of the
technology, known as amalgamation, mask its dangers. This process can be improved with procedures
using inexpensive and highly efficient devices that can be manufactured locally and at low cost.
The objective of the programme is to replace mercury amalgamation with new technology
while improving the income of the miners through more efficient recovery, increasing knowledge and
awareness and providing policy advice on the regulation of artisanal gold mining with due
consideration for gender issues.
The primary target beneficiaries will be artisanal miners - men and women alike. The
secondary beneficiaries will be governments, local institutions and the society at large due to the very
nature and extent of the damage caused by artisanal mining.
The activities will mainly be directed towards the introduction of safe and high-yield
extraction methods that could pre-empt the use of mercury - i.e., introduction of new technology and
its dissemination; training of miners in the application of new technology, training of local
manufacturers; awareness creation on the protection of the environment as well as policy advice to
governments and local institutions.
2.
The Scope of Contracting Services
While implementing the project activities the project intends to compile documentary videos
that can be used in future for training purposes.
The services of the subcontractor must encompass the following activities:
· Demonstrate to the project management team knowledge and experience of using digital
recording devices and production of documentary videos;
· In collaboration with the project management study the schedule of project activities and
identify clearly how the recordings of the videos can be matched to implementation of the
activities;
· Prepare and present a schedule identifying each activity, time required for recording, editing
and production of a documentary video;
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77
· Identify materials requirements and other facilities to enable the production of high quality
videos;
· Carry out recordings and production of videos according to the agreed schedule, and;
· Prepare a short report giving video identification numbers, location, recorded activities and
other relevant information.
3. Reports
(a)
A Draft Final Report, to be submitted to UNIDO/Contract Section in 3 copies, not later than
1 month after the end of the contract period.
(b)
A Final Report in English, in seven (7) copies and a diskette (MS Word), submission 3 weeks
after the Contractor's receipt of UNIDO's comments on the Draft Final Report.
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ANNEX III Solutions for Reducing Mercury Pollution
Solutions
Alternative Processes
Identification of
Reduction of Hg
not Requiring Hg
"Hot Spots"
Emissions
Gravity concentration
Polluted
Mercury
Systematic
Individual
Gravitation
Sites
Dispersed
Solutions
Solutions
Others
Training &
Awareness
Awareness
Campaigns
Micro-financing
Retorts
Remediation
Y
Bioaccumulation
Y
Change of
Strategies
Occurring ?
Food Habits
Strengthen
Special Fume
Institutions
Hoods (filters)
N
Improve
Monitorin
Regulatory
Framework
Fish
Continuous
Monitoring &
Hair & Body
Capacity
Fluids
Building
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ANNEX IV Examples of Mercury Poisoning in Humans
1.
Total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in hair and urine from
inhabitants of the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania (Source: Ikingura et al., 1995).
Sample
Sex
Age
Duration
Occupationsa Hair
T-
Hair
Urine T-Hg
no.b
(M/F)
(Years)
mine/village
Hg
MeHg
(ng/ml)
(years)
(ppb)
(%)
Mu-01 M
30
3
b
1115 28.4 318.5
Mu-02 M
34
6
m,
a
1025 27.3 90.1
Mu-03 M
22
6
p,b
2988 9.7 201.6
Mu-04 M
53
6
m,p,b
715 ND 1.8
Mu-05 M
50
6
m,p,b
421 69.1 4.2
Mu-06 M
25
10
p,a,b
2209 17.2 145.4
Mu-07 M
22
5
p,a,b
1114 17.4 129.4
Mu-08 M
21
3
p,a,b
5433 7.3 411.4
Mu-09 F
28
2
a,c
214188
0.1 8.8
Mu-10 F
27
1
w
365 63.3 1.9
Mu-11 F
32
7
w
416 30.7 1.3
Mu-12 M
13
6
s
1500 21.0 4.5
Mu-13 M
23
5
m,a,b
505 34.2 102.6
Mu-14 M
20
5
m
ND ND 3.1
Pr-15 F
6
6
-
ND ND 2.0
Pr-16 F
13 13
s
ND ND 21.7
Pr-17 F
35 11
t
34212
0.5 27.3
Nu-20 M
55 9
f,g
442 20.5 0.9
Nu-21 M
42 2
d
383 44.6 2.7
Nu-22 M
54 25
d,f
ND ND 1.0
Nu-23 M
65 10
g
271 33.4 14.1
Nu-24 M
44 2
f,g
260 32.7 1.1
Nu-25 M
48 7
f,g
ND ND 1.1
Nu-26 M
41 3
f,g
156 59.0 1.2
Nu-27 F
17 17
g
216 61.3 0.7
Nu-28 F
19 19
g
318 54.8 ND
Nu-29 F
17 17
g
197 ND ND
Nu-30 F
15 15
g
375 82.1 ND
Nu-31 F
6
6
-
419 47.0 ND
aOccupation: a, amalgamation; b, amalgam burning; c, commerce; d, administration; f, fishing; g,
agriculture; m, mining; p, panning; s, student; t, teacher; w, housewife.
bSample locality: Mu, Mugusu gold mine; Pr, primary school; Nu, Nungwe Bay village; ND, Not
Determined.
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2.
Symptoms of Mercury Poisoning Observed from Artisanal Gold Miners in Zimbabwe
A study conducted in Insiza District which is one of the most active artisanal gold mining areas in
Zimbabwe by the Intermediate Technology Development Group revealed that almost 95% of all the
miners in the area use mercury and the majority had the following symptoms which are related to
mercury poisoning:
· 60% had body weaknesses;
· 55% were feeling nausea;
· 50% had lost teeth, 45% had history of respiratory distress;
· 40% had high salivation and tremours;
· 30% had a history of kidney disease and diarrhea.
Medical examinations conducted on a selected number of miners in the area indicated significant
indicators of severe mercury poisoning as follows:
· 50% had evidence of blue colouring on the gingival and the gingivitis;
· 45% had problem with teeth;
· 25% had blue colouration of the oral mucosa;
· 20% had conjunctiva;
· 15% had poor eyesight;
· 10% lost hearing;
· 5% had lung disease and hyperreflex.
The most significant clinical results indicating severe mercury poisoning are blue gingiva and blue
colouration of the oral mucosa. Lost teeth, poor eyesight and lost hearing although may be significant
as indicators of mercury poisoning require matching with other factors including age, diet and sex.
Tests carried out on samples of blood show that 40% and 30% had elevated levels of mercury in hair
and blood respectively. Another study conducted in the Mashonaland Central Province (Harare
Mining District) around Chiweshe and Tafuna Hills by the Small Scale Mining Association indicated
levels of mercury in blood ranging from 0.001 to 0.74 mg/l (16.7% had levels above 0.05mg/l). Levels
of mercury in urine ranged between 0.001 to 0.018mg/l.
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81
ANNEX V
Co-financing Activities, Budget and Sources
No. Activities Execution
Budget
Source of Finance
Period
(US $)
BRAZIL
1. Country Focal point Remuneration
Project Period
120,000 Central Government
2. Office Space, furniture and facilities
Project Period
20,000 Central Government
3. Study the health aspects related to the Pocone population as regards mercury poisoning due to fish eating.
2000 - 2001
135,000 PADCT
4. Malaria versus mercury poisoning.
2000 - 2002
850,000 CNPq and Ministry of Health
5. Certification of mercury analysis and testing laboratories
2000 - 2001
197,000 PADCT and Faperj
6. Certification of mercury analysis and testing laboratories
2000 - 2002
94,000 Ministry of Science & Technology
7. Equipping of the heavy metals testing laboratory at CETEM
2000 - 2001
376,000 Faperj and Ministry of Science and Technology
8. Analysis of the environmental legal aspects versus the Brazilian Garimpo
2000 - 2002
127,000 Ministry of Science & Technology, IDRC-Canada,
and CNPq
9. Defining sustainability criteria for the extraction industries: the mercury case
2000 - 2002
33,000 Ministry of Science & Technology, CYTED
(Iberoamerica), CNPq
10. Defining heavy metal paths in the Vale do rio doce
2000 - 2002
387,000 Ministry of Science & Technology, CNPq
11. Establishment of factors affecting mercury methylation
2000 - 2002
69,000 Ministry of Science & Technology, CNPq
12. Survey of the extent of mercury pollution in the Amazon biota
2000 - 2002
520,000 PACDT
13. Measurement of atmospheric mercury vapours via denuders
2000 - 2001
25,000 Ministry of Science & Technology, CNPq
Sub-Total Co-financing for Brazil
2,953,000
INDONESIA
1. Country Focal point Remuneration
Project Period
120,000 Central Government
2. Office Space, furniture and facilities
Project Period
20,000 Provincial Authorities
3. Training of miners in areas of West, Central and East Java on mining techniques and introduction of cleaner
2000 - 2002
504,000 Central Government - an ongoing program - this is a
technology
budget for 2000/02
4. Extraction of mercury from tailings at Cineam small-scale mining site in West Java
2000 - 2001
5,000 ITB/Bapedal, Mineral Technology Research and
Development Centre
5. Conduct a study on the effectiveness of Water Lilies in the absorption of mercury from tailings
2001 - 2003
250,000 Mineral Technology Research and Development
Centre
6. Study the atmospheric mercury pollution at Lanud mining site
2001
2,000 Mineral Technology Research and Development
Centre
7. Mapping the distribution of mercury on sediment samples along Cikaniki River in Pongkor, West Java
2000 - 2001
34,000 Directorate of Mineral Resources - DMR
8. Carry out policy and legislation reviews, training and capacity building in order to significantly reduce illegal
2000 - 2001
1,000,000 President's Office
mining activities in the country
9. Training and capacity building for government officials and local administrators in North Sulawesi on
2001
154,000 Deutsche Stiftung fuer Internationale Eutwicklung
different issues related to artisanal mining and extraction.
(DSE) of Germany and Provincial Government.
Sub-Total Co-financing for Indonesia
2,089,000
LAOS
1. Country Focal Point remuneration Project Period
54,000 Central Government
2. Office
Space
Project Period
6,000
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82
Sub-Total Co-financing for Laos
60,000
SUDAN
1. Country Focal Point Remuneration Project Period
180,000 Geological Research Authority
2. Office space and facilities
Project Period
20,000
Sub-Total Co-financing for Sudan
200,000
TANZANIA
1. Country Focal Point Remuneration Project Period
60,000 Ministry of Energy & Minerals
2. Office Space, furniture and facilities
Project Period
25,000
3. Training of small-scale miners on exploration, mining and business techniques
2000 - 2001
335,000 Ministry of Energy & Minerals
and the World Bank
4. Procure eight packages of mining and processing equipment and carry out technology demonstration.
2000 - 2001
850,000 Ministry of Energy & Minerals
and the World Bank
5. Raising awareness and training of miners on mercury pollution related threats
2000 - 2001
360,000 Government of Japan and UNIDO
Sub-Total Co-financing for Tanzania
1,630,000
ZIMBABWE
1. Country Focal Point Remuneration Project Period
60,000 Government of Zimbabwe
2. Office Space, furniture and facilities
Project Period
16,000
3. ·
Develop system for information exchange between Mining and Environmental Departments;
2000 - 2001
375,000 Canadian International Aid Agency & Government
·
Draw new or modified statutes, policies and guidelines for EIA and mine site rehabilitation.
of Zimbabwe
4. Provide extension and advisory services including free analytical laboratory facilities for small-scale miners.
Every Year -
400,000 Government of Zimbabwe
3-year budget
5. Reduction of environmental degradation through introduction of efficient equipment.
2000 - 2001
40,000
6. Enforcement program of environmental regulations with small-scale mining areas.
Every Year - 3-
24,000
year budget
7. To identify and introduce alternative methods to mercury amalgamation in gold recovery
10,000 Southern Africa Development Cooperation,
(SADC)
8. To integrate environmental regulations at all levels in the mining sector and institute organization and
2000 - 2003
4,500,000 European Union & Government of Zimbabwe
regulation of artisanal mining sector
9. To control alluvial gold panning and associated environmental damage by introducing basic and efficient
2000 - 2002
25,000 Germany Development Agency - GTZ
gravity technology based on sluice boxes.
Sub-Total Co-financing Zimbabwe
5,450,000
Total Co-financing from Participating Countries
12,382,000
UNIDO ongoing and planned activities (Prodoc para 53), office space , telephone, fax , Internet for PCU 670,000
GRAND TOTAL
13,052,000
Global Mercury Project
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83
ANNEX VI Activities Planned in the Participating Countries
Activity
Brazil
Indonesia
Laos
Sudan
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
Sub-Total
Total
Budget Line
1A
1A.1 CTA (8333.33*36)
300,000
11-01
SSME (8000*36)
288,000
11-02
Travel and DSA PCU
60,000
16-01
Sub-Total
648,000 648,000
1A.2 Set up office + furniture
20,000 20,000 45-01
1A.3 Travel to meetings of GPTF (Travel*Participant*Meeting)
54,000
15-01
Meetings of GPTF (DSA*Participant*Days*Meeting)
21,600
35-01
Organization of meetings
10,400
35-01
Sub-Total
86,000 86,000
1A.4 Establish Web site
25,000 25,000 11-51
1A.5 Project monitoring and evaluation
100,000 100,000 11-52
Total
879,000
879,000
1B
1B1 Assistant Salary (2,500*36)
90,000
90,000
90,000
90,000
90,000
90,000
540,000
17-01-06
Set up office + furniture
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
60,000
45-02
Travel and DSA CPTF
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
216,000
15-02
Vehicle
35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 210,000
45-02
Driver
(500*30)
15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
90,000
13-01
Fuel and Maintenance
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
60,000
51-01
Sub-Total
196,000 196,000 196,000 196,000 196,000 196,000 1,176,000 1,176,000
1B.2 Recruitment of project consultants
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
30,000 30,000 16-02
1B.3 Review past, existing and prepare new case studies (Travel+DSA*Day)
13,000
13,000
4,000
4,000
13,000
13,000
60,000 60,000
17-19-24 / 15-03
1B.4 Workshop material
500 500 500 500 500 500 3,000
35-02
Venue (DSA*Participants*Day) (miners)
6,400
6,400
1,800
1,800
6,400
6,400
29,200
35-02
Venue (DSA*Participants*Day) (officials)
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
9,600
51-02
Travel to the workshop (Travel*Miner+Travel*Official)
3,900
3,900
1,500
1,500
3,900
3,900
18,600
35-04, 51-02
Organisation costs (Consultants*Day)
600
600
600
600
600
600
3,600
35-02
Sub-Total
13,000 13,000 6,000 6,000 13,000 13,000 64,000 64,000
1B.5 BPTF Venue (DSA*Participant*Day*Meeting)
5,760
5,760
5,760
5,760
4,320
4,320
31,680
35-03
BPTF Organisation costs (Cost*Meeting)
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
4,500
27,000
35-03
BPTF Travel (Travel*Participant*Meetings)
18,000
18,000
10,800
10,800
13,500
13,500
84,600
15-04
CPTF Venue (DSA*Participant*Day*Meeting)
6,720
6,720
6,720
6,720
6,720
6,720
40,320
35-04
CPTF Organisation costs (Cost*Meeting)
3,500
3,500
3,000
3,000
3,500
3,500
20,000
35-04
CPTF Travel (Travel*Participant*Meeting)
8,400
8,400
8,400
8,400
8,400
8,400
50,400
15-05
Project Monitoring Travel (Travel*Participant*Number)
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
36,000
15-06
Project Monitoring DSA (DSA*Participant*Day)
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
72,000
67-01
Sub-Total
64,880 64,880 57,180 57,180 58,940 58,940 362,000 362,000
Total
291,880
291,880
268,180
268,180
285,940
285,940
1,692,000
1,692,000
2
2.1 Maintenance (Cost*Consultant*Day*Ar
ea)
12,800 4,500 1,950 1,950 4,500 4,500 30,200
15-07
Travel
(Travel*Person*Area)
2,300 1,500 500 500 1,500 1,500 7,800
15-07
Sub-Total
15,100 6,000 2,450 2,450 6,000 6,000 38,000 38,000
2.2 Legal regulatory framework (Cost*Day+Material)
3,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
5,000
24,000 24,000
17-07-12
2.3 Training need assessment (Cost*Day)
6,000
4,500
1,950
1,950
4,500
4,500
23,400
17-13-24
Field Transport + Material
1,100
1,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
5,100
17-13-24
Sub-Total
7,100 5,500 2,450 2,450 5,500 5,500 28,500 28,500
2.4 Awareness Campaign (Consultant) (Cost*Consultant*Day*Site)
6,750 6,750 4,500 4,500 6,750 6,750 36,000
21-01
Awareness Campaign (Travel) (Cost*Miners+Cost*(Consultant+assistant))
2,600
2,600
1,800
1,800
2,600
2,600
14,000
21-01
Awareness Campaign (Training material*Site)
4,500
4,500
2,000
2,000
4,500
4,500
22,000
21-01
Global Mercury Project
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84
Awareness Campaign (Rental cost*Day*Site)
4,200
4,200
2,600
2,600
4,200
4,200
22,000
21-01
Sub-Total
18,050 18,050 10,900 10,900 18,050 18,050
94,000
94,000
2.5 Media campaign (Preparation of training material: Cost*Day)
4,500
2,100
2,100
4,500
4,500
17,700
21-02
Newspapers (Cost*Advert)
20,000
4,050
4,050
20,000
20,000
68,100
21-02
Radio programme (Cost*Week)
16,000
6,000
6,000
16,000
16,000
60,000
21-02
Media campaign (Cost*Month*Year)
14,700
14,700
21-02
Sub-Total
14,700 40,500 12,150 12,150 40,500 40,500 160,500 160,500
2.6 Develop Train-X methodology
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
90,000 90,000 11-53
2.7 Consultant for institution coordination (Cost*Day)
3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 15,000
17-19-24 / 15-08
DSA Assistant (DSA*Day*Number of travel)
2,400
2,400
17-19-24 / 15-08
Travel Assistant (Cost*Number)
6,000
6,000
17-19-24 / 15-08
Meeting with CPTF (Travel+Maintenance)
6,600
6,600
17-19-24 / 15-08
Sub-Total
15,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 30,000 30,000
Total
87,950
93,050
48,950
48,950
93,050
93,050
465,000
465,000
3
3.1 Interview on miners' health (Cost*Day)
4,500
4,500
2,250
2,250
4,500
4,500
22,500
21-03
Material
2,000 2,000 1,750 1,750 2,000 2,000 11,500
21-03
Sub-Total
6,500 6,500 4,000 4,000 6,500 6,500 34,000 34,000
3.2 Geochemical samples and analysis
80,000
70,000
30,000
30,000
70,000
70,000
350,000 350,000 21-04
3.3 Biological samples and analysis
40,000
40,000
30,000
30,000
40,000
40,000
220,000 220,000 21-03
3.4 Extent of mercury migration
70,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
110,000 110,000 21-04
3.5 Medical examination
5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 30,000 30,000
17-25-30
3.6 Laboratory identification and enhancement (Expert+Equipment+Installation)
60,000
60,000
30,000
30,000
60,000
60,000
300,000 300,000 45-03
3.7 Formulate measures for remediation and rehabilitation
20,000
20,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 90,000 90,000 21-05
Total
281,500
211,500
109,000
109,000
211,500
211,500
1,134,000
1,134,000
4
4.1 Database on artisanal mining and processing technologies
4,500
4,500
3,000
3,000
4,500
4,500
24,000
17-19-24
Travel
1,800 1,400 500 500 1,400 1,400 7,000
15-09
Sub-Total
6,300 5,900 3,500 3,500 5,900 5,900 31,000 31,000
4.2 Establish local and foreign supply routes for equipment and tools
2,150
1,900
1,900
2,150
2,150
10,250 10,250
17-19-24
4.3 Identify capacity for existing fabrication facilities in relevant areas
1,500
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
16,500
17-19-24
Travel
700 500 400 400 500 500 3,000
15-10
Sub-Total
2,200 3,500 3,400 3,400 3,500 3,500 19,500 19,500
4.4 Establish tax regime and import restriction
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
2,250
11,250 11,250
17-19-24
4.5 Develop Microfinancing programmes
90,000
90,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
500,000 500,000 21-06
Total
98,500
103,800
91,050
91,050
93,800
93,800
572,000
572,000
5
5.1 Trainees costs (Cost*Trainee*Site*Day)
30,000
30,000
12,000
12,000
30,000
30,000
144,000
21-07
Trainers costs (Cost*Trainer*Site*Day)
9,000
9,000
4,500
4,500
9,000
9,000
45,000
21-07
Transport of trainers and trainees
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
14,000
21-07
Training
material
3,000 3,000 1,500 1,500 3,000 3,000 15,000
21-07
Sub-Total
45,000 45,000 19,000 19,000 45,000 45,000 218,000 218,000
5.2 Trainees costs (Cost*Trainee*Site*Day)
5,000
2,500
2,500
5,000
5,000
20,000
21-08
Trainers costs (Cost*Trainer*Site*Day)
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
7,500
21-08
Transport of trainers and trainees
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
8,000
21-08
Training material
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
21-08
Sub-Total
0 9,500 6,000 6,000 9,500 9,500 40,500 40,500
5.3 Alternatives to amalgamation (Equipment)
140,000
140,000
45-04
Retorts (Cost*Number)
15,000
7,500
7,500
15,000
15,000
60,000
45-04
Gravity separation equipment
45,000
15,000
15,000
45,000
45,000
165,000
45-04
Alternatives to amalgamation (Testing and Set up))
40,000
5,000
2,500
2,500
5,000
5,000
60,000
21-09
Sub-Total
180,000 65,000 25,000 25,000 65,000 65,000 425,000 425,000
5.4 Mobile high recovery gold concentrators (Design and Development)
40,000
90,000
20,000
20,000
90,000
90,000
350,000
45-05
Mobile high recovery gold concentrators (Testing and Setup)
15,000
15,000
5,000
5,000
15,000
15,000
70,000
21-09
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
85
Sub-Total
55,000 105,000 25,000 25,000 105,000 105,000 420,000 420,000
5.5 Develop programme for linking miners to equipment suppliers (Cost*Consultant)
4,500
3,000
3,000
4,500
4,500
19,500 19,500
17-19-24
5.6 Mercury immobilization programme (Cost*Day*Site)
9,000
9,000
21-10
Mercury immobilization programme ((reagant+material)*Site)
20,000
20,000
21-10
Mercury immobilization programme (Analysis*Site)
33,600
33,600
21-10
Mercury immobilization programme (Maintenance*Site)
42,000
42,000
21-10
Mercury immobilization programme (DSA*Day*Site)
5,400
5,400
21-10
Sub-Total
110,000
0
0
0
110,000
110,000
5.7 Compile documentary video
14,000
7,000
5,000
5,000
7,000
7,000
45,000 45,000 21-11
Total
404,000
236,000
83,000
83,000
236,000
236,000
1,278,000
1,278,000
6
6.1 Literature review (Cost*Day)
2,550
2,250
2,100
2,100
2,250
2,250
13,500 13,500
17-07-12
6.2 Policies review (Cost*Day)
3,300
4,500
2,100
2,100
4,500
4,500
21,000 21,000
17-07-12
6.3 Recommendations on policies (Cost*Day)
3,000
3,000
2,100
2,100
2,900
2,900
16,000 16,000
17-07-12
6.4 Consultation with stakeholders (Cost*Day)
6,000
3,000
2,100
2,100
3,000
3,000
19,200
15-11
Consultation with stakeholders (Travel)
2,800
2,800
15-11
Sub-Total
8,800 3,000 2,100 2,100 3,000 3,000 22,000 22,000
6.5 Develop policies (Cost*Day)
4,500
12,000
9,000
9,000
12,000
12,000
58,500
17-07-12
Develop policies (Travel/Material)
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
17-07-12
Sub-Total
4,500 13,000 9,000 9,000 13,000 13,000 61,500 61,500
6.6 Workshop on legislation
10,000
10,000
5,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
50,000 50,000 35-05
6.7 Enforcement programme (Cost*Day)
18,000
12,000
4,500
4,500
12,000
12,000
63,000
17-07-12
Enforcement programme (Travel/Material)
1,000
500
500
1,000
1,000
4,000
17-07-12
Sub-Total
18,000 13,000 5,000 5,000 13,000 13,000 67,000 67,000
Total
50,150
48,750
27,400
27,400
48,650
48,650
251,000
251,000
7
7.1 Country based workshops on sustainable artisanal mining
(Cost*Day*Number)
4,000 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 28,000
35-06
Country based workshops on sustainable artisanal mining
(Travel*Number)
15,000 9,300 9,050 9,050 9,300 9,300 61,000
15-12
Sub-Total
19,000 14,100 13,850 13,850 14,100 14,100
89,000
89,000
7.2 Regional workshops on sustainable artisanal mining (Cost*Day*Number)
3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 19,200
35-07
Regional workshops on sustainable artisanal mining
(Transport)
10,800 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 40,800
15-13
Sub-Total
14,000 9,200 9,200 9,200 9,200 9,200 60,000 60,000
7.3 Long term requirements and financial opportunities (Travel)
5,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
5,000
26,000 26,000 15-14
7.4 Organize donor conference
8,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
8,000
8,000
42,000 42,000 35-08
Total
46,000
36,300
31,050
31,050
36,300
36,300
217,000
217,000
TOTAL
1,259,980
1,021,280
658,630
658,630
1,005,240
1,005,240
6,488,000
5,609,000
0.05
Support Cost (5%)
61,911
50,183
32,363
32,363
49,394
49,394
318,800
GRAND TOTAL
1,321,891
1,071,463
690,993
690,993
1,054,634
1,054,634
6,806,800
6,806,800
Global Mercury Project
5 April 2002
Document Outline