UNDP
Global Environment Facility
EXPEDITED PROJECT DOCUMENT
Project Number:
31
UNDP-GEF: US$ 7.036M.
WB-GEF: US$ 3.044M.
Project Title:
Reversal of Land and Water Degradation GEF Total: US$ 10,080,000
Trends/Lake Chad Basin Ecosystem
Co Finance:
UNDP: US$ 350,000 (in-kind)
Countries:
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
BMZ: US$ 617,600
Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan
DGIS: US$ US$ 1,930,000
DFID: US$ 2,078,900
Duration:
48
months
WWF: US$ 155,000
July 1, 2002 (Estimate) June 30, 2006
Countries: US$ 1,750,000
ACC/UNDP Sector:
0410 - Water Resources
(In
Kind)
Planning
&
Management
LCBC: US$ 411,800
Executing Agency:
UNOPS
Co-finance Total: US$ 7,293,300
Project Total: US$ 17,373,300
Summary
The long-term objective of the GEF project is to achieve global environmental benefits through concerted
management of the naturally integrated land and water resources of the Lake Chad Basin. The specific
purpose of the project is to overcome barriers to the concerted management of the basin through well-
orchestrated and enhanced collaboration and capacity building among riparians and stakeholders.
Transboundary issues have already been identified and agreed by five member States of the Lake Chad
Basin Commission (LCBC) in the regional LCB Strategic Plan. Stage I of GEF support will therefore
involve completion of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and lead to the formulation of a GEF
supported Strategic Action Programme (SAP). The SAP will include necessary baseline and additional
actions to address the priority transboundary issues and provide an essential monitoring and evaluation
tool for implementation. Stage I will require the development and testing of set of institutional
mechanisms and implementation methodologies, including pilot demonstrations, that explicitly link
regional, national and local initiatives in land and water management. Additionally, it will involve
preparation of a basin-wide synthetic framework in which transboundary priorities can be addressed and
project interventions monitored. Stage II of GEF will support full-scale implementation of the GEF SAP.
The project provides for a process of formal endorsement of the GEF SAP by the participating
governments, support to the translation of SAP provisions into national policy and legislation, and the
mobilisation of institutional and investment resources for its implementation. Council comments
received at the time of Project Brief submission are addressed in Attachment 9 of this Project Document.
On behalf of the
Signatures
Date
Name/Title
Government of Cameroon
Government of CAR
Government of Chad
Government of Niger
Government of Nigeria
Government of Sudan
Lake Chad Basin Commission
UNOPS (Executing Agency)
UNDP
3. COSTS AND FINANCING (MILLIONS US $):
GEF FINANCING
Project
$ 10,080,000
PDF A,B, and C
$ 693,500
Sub-total GEF
$10,773,500
Co-financing:
UNDP
$
350,000
BMZ
$
617,600
DGIS
$
1,930,000
DFID
$
2,078,900
WWF
$
155,000
LCBC
$
411,800
Countries $
1,750,000
BMZ
$
617,600
Sub-total, Co-financing:
$7,293,300
Total Project Cost:
$18,066,800
________________________________________________________________________
4. ASSOCIATED FINANCING (MILLION US $):
$20,185,6001
1 Currently estimated capital and recurrent water sector investment in Lake Chad on the part of the five countries
include: Cameroon $6.6 Million, Chad 69.2 Million, Niger 5.6 Million, Nigeria 458 Million, Central African
Republic 17.3 Million.
ii
ACRONYMS
APR
Annual
Project
Review
BCSP
Basin
Committee
for
Strategic
Planning
CPTF
Country
Project
Task
Forces
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN
GEF
Global
Environment
Facility
IC
Incremental Cost as defined by the GEF
LCBC
Lake
Chad
Basin
Commission
LCB
Lake
Chad
Basin
NGO
Non-Governmental
Organisation
PDF-A
Project
Development
Facility
of
the
GEF
PDF-B
Project
Development
Facility
of
the
GEF
PDF-C
Project
Development
Facility
of
the
GEF
OP
GEF
Operational
Program
PMU
Program
Management
Unit
PIR
Project
Implementation
Review
PSC
Project
Steering
Committee
PPER
Project
Performance
and
Evaluation
Review
PTF
Project
Task
Force
SAP
GEF
Strategic
Action
Program
STAP
Science and Technical Advisory Panel of the GEF
TDA
Transboundary
Diagnostic
Analysis
TPR
Tri-Partite
Review
UN-DESA
The Department of the United Nations Secretariat
for Economic and Social Affairs
UNDP
United
Nations
Development
Programme
UNEP
United
Nations
Environment
Programme
UNOPS
United Nations Office of Project Services
UNSO
United
Nations
Sudano-Sahelian
Office
WB
The World Bank
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
v
PROJECT CONTEXT AND BASELINE COURSE OF ACTION
CONTEXT
1.
General Context Situated in the eastern part of the Sahel region of Africa, at the southern
edge of the Sahara desert, Lake Chad and its active basin constitutes an important freshwater
resource shared by Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. The
surface area of the lake varies considerably with the amount of annual rainfall, and the recent
historical variation in the surface area of the lake has ranged from approximately 25,000 to 2,000
km2. Lake Chad is Africa's fourth largest lake (in terms of surface area) after Victoria,
Tanganyika, and Nyassa. Lake Chad is shallow its average depth being 1.5 m. - and is of
relatively small volume. One of Lake Chad's tributaries, the Chari River, supplies
approximately 95% of the lake's surface water input. The lake is subject to considerable
evaporation and yet is not saline. For thousands of years Lake Chad has been a centre of
development, trading and cultural exchange between the people's living to the north of the
Sahara and those to the South. Close to twenty million people depend for their livelihood on
activities carried out in the lake and its active basin, which includes important wetlands and
floodplains covering 966,955 km2. By the year 2020, the population that depends on the lake
and its associated resources is projected to reach 35 million.
2.
Hydrological Context. The geological and geomorphological development of the basin
has been conditioned by the slow and `cool' rifting of the West and Central African Rift System
which has formed a regional hydrological sink - the Lake Chad waterbody. The contributing sub-
basins are underlain by basement complex in the upper source areas and by a progressively thick
sequence of sedimentary deposits toward the Lake. The hydro-stratigraphy in the sedimentary
aquifers underlying the Lake are only partially understood and the hydro-dynamic linkages to the
Lake Chad waterbody therefore conjectural. However, it is apparent that the close interaction
between rainfall, evaporation, the generation of lateral inflow to the lake and the groundwater
leakage under the body of the lake influence the overall lake balance. A distinction has to be
made between hydrological and hydrogeological context of each influent tributary, and the
aggregate water balance of Lake Chad itself. Equally there is a marked distinction between a
humid period (prior to 1973) and the current drought regime that has persisted over the last three
decades. The significant feature of the hydrological context is the persistent change in the
rainfall patterns over the basin as a whole. In the last 30 years isoheytal contours of mean rainfall
have shifted to the south by an order of several hundred kilometres. The results of this shift are
that areas that had experienced a mean rainfall of 320 mm (for example, over the lake itself) now
receive less than 210 mm. In the hydrologically active upstream basins, the decrease in mean
rainfall of hundreds of mm/year, has brought about a proportionally larger decrease in basin
yield as river runoff and effluent groundwater flow is reduced and flow thresholds reduced. This
persistence in the rainfall regime is therefore resulting in a very attenuated basin yield and has to
be set against burgeoning human demands upon the land and water resources of the system
generally. The LCB comprises three sub-systems:
(a) The Komadogou-Yobe sub-system has a basin area of 148,000 km2. The upper basins
contribute a total long-term natural yield of approximately 7 km3/yr, the bulk of which is
impounded at reservoirs within Kano province. More impoundment anticipated in Bauchi
province when the Kafin Zaki dam is completed. Consequently the major part of this
resource has not been able to establish a natural regime through the downstream Yobe River
in Nigeria and Niger for more than 20 years. However, prior to impoundment, a large
volumes of flood-water nourished an extensive sub-system of flood-plains and wetlands. This
sub-system provides now 1,5km3/yr when exiting the upper basin at Gashua and only 0.45
km3 when arriving at Lake Chad. Below Gashua, flows maintain Hadejia-Nguru wetlands,
where effluent flow from the watercourse recharges alluvial aquifers and pumping and
diversions for small irrigation schemes are prevalent . In this sub-system drought conditions
and development of irrigation by pumping have exacerbated the existing water-stress
imposed by upstream impoundment. The current contribution of the Komadogou-Yobe to the
Northern part of Lake Chad wetlands is locally significant but minor, in terms of the overall
balance
6
(b) The Chari-Logone sub-system, has a basin area of approximately 590,000 km2, and feeds
an extensive wetland, the Yareres floodplain (up to 6000 km2 of active floodplain in wet
year) and goes on to input an average of 37.8 km3/year to Lake Chad (discharges have been
regularly measured at N'Djamena since 1932). However, in the last decades the mean Chari
discharge for the 1971-1990 period has fallen to 21.8 km3/year due to the persistent change
in rainfall patterns over the contributing catchment. While the Chari-Logone sub-basin
provides more than 95% of the total river inflows to Lake Chad, human consumptive use are
currently estimated at less than 3% of the basin yield and are not considered to impact the
waterbody itself while the evaporative losses from the Yareres wetlands are significant.
(c) The Lake Chad Water-Balance, has shown marked variation with geologic, historic and
living memory and the open water surface of the lake has responded accordingly, exhibiting
dramatic expansion and contraction. In the second part of the 15th Century, the open water
surface of Lake Chad dried out completely during a generation, but there were very high
levels in the 11th, 12th and 17th century. Within the 20th century, it has been possible to
observe an irregular succession of wet and dry periods that can be explained by climatic
regime and to a certain extent by regional hydrological persistence. In general, after five to
ten years a new mean level equilibrium is established for each persistent period of "humid",
"normal" or "dry" conditions. In an inter-annual balance established in 1984, the following
breakdown of the hydrological balance terms are illustrated under steady state assumptions
(no change between initial and final levels). This illustrative water balance applies to
"intermediate conditions" or "middle Chad" at a level of 281,5 m (surface maximum of 18
000 km2) and also for a small waterbody at lower levels under much drier conditions. It
should be noted that for the past decade, the area of lake and wetlands has further diminished
and in dry years has been reduced to an estimate of 4,500 km2.
Type of
Inflows in km3/year
Direct
Outflows
Area of lake
Persistent
rainfall
km3/year
and
climatic
inflows
wetlands
conditions
km3/year
surface
km2
Chari sub-Komadogou-El Beid and Total
Evapotr Infil-
Total
system
Yobe
others
Inflows
anspiratitration
outflow
on
(est.)
Long term
37.8
1.0
1.2
40.0
6.0 43.0
3.0
46.0
18,000
mean
rainfall
Mean of
21.8
0.4
0.2
22.4
2.1 23.1
1.4
24.5
9,400
period
1971-90
Tentative illustration of the theoretical water balance of Lake Chad under steady state assumptions for
two climatic scenarios. (Sources : adapted from Olivry, Mott Mac Donald and Pdf-B projects)
3.
Environmental Context. Historically, the most pronounced feature of the Lake Chad
Basin has been its wetlands. Lake Chad itself is the second largest wetland in Africa, and hosts
biodiversity of global significance. The richness of the Basin's floodplains support a wide range
of economic activities recession agriculture, pastoralism, forest regeneration, fish breeding and
production, drought fallback security, and tourism potential. Because no species appear to be
restricted to the lake, regeneration of the fishery is possible as long as floodplain habitat remains
accessible and fishing is controlled, particularly during dry periods when the stocks are more
vulnerable. For this reason the fish stocks have had the capacity to rebound dramatically, even
after the complete disappearance of the surface Lake in the 15th century. Recently, Basin
fisheries have suffered from a combination of influences and practices that include drought,
over-fishing, diversion or blockage of instream flows, increased juvenile catch through use of
smaller mesh sizes, and the near complete disappearance of the lake's northern basin. In
addition to the fishery, the Basin contains other significant wildlife of regional and global
importance. Over 370 species of birds have been inventoried in the basin, a third of the bird
species being migratory. Concerns for the health of existing birdlife include a diminishment of
nesting areas for the black-crowned crane and wintering grounds for intercontinental migrants
7
such as the ruff. Other wildlife species in the Basin include the oryx, Damas gazelle, Dorcas
gazelle, slender-horned gazelle, elephants, black rhinoceros, the Lake Lere manatee, and other
water dependent species such as crocodile, hippo, sitatunga and waterbuck. Concerns about
these species revolve around poaching, the drought, and lack of trained cadre to protect, maintain
and restore certain species.
4. System
boundary. The functional system boundary for water, land forest and wildlife
comprise much smaller sub-sets of the Lake Chad Basin's (LCB) geographic limit. The figure of
the basin is presented in Annex 6 This is because the hydrologically active area of the basin is
much smaller (966 955 km2) and involve five riparian states than the topographic limits of the
basin (2,381,635 km2) which cover a large part of desert areas in Niger and Chad and are
hydrologically de-coupled from the Lake waterbody. In 1964, four countries created the Lake
Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), to handle the problems of development centred on Lake Chad
in an area formerly referred to as "the conventional basin". This convention did not include the
Central African Republic and excluded the large desert expanses of Algeria, northern Niger and
Sudan and, in particular, excluded the upstream part of the active basins of the Chari-Logone and
Komadugu-Yobe. This "old conventional basin" covered approximately 427 300 km2. Since
1994, the Central African Republic has been a member of the LCBC and "the new conventional
basin" has been enlarged to include the upper basins of the Logone-Chari and Komadugu-Yobe
systems. The LCBC's mandate covers the entire active basin (also referred to as the new
conventional basin), which now covers 966,955 km2, divided up as follows between the 5
countries:
Country
New area of
Population in
Density in 1991
conventional
1991 (in
(inh/km2)
basin (km2)
thousands)
Cameroon 56,800
2,100
37
CAR 197,800
700
3.5
Niger 162,375
240
1.5
Nigeria 188,000
13,856
74
Chad
361,980
5,048
14
Total 966,955
21,944
22.7
Distribution of active basin (or "new conventional basin"
according to LCBC (areas) and Harrison and Kolawole (population- PDF-B)
This new definition of the active Lake Chad basin thus takes into account almost all the water
resources that supplies the lake, the Yaérés floodplain and the aquifers in the lake area.
5.
Socio-economic Context. The economic welfare of the region is determined by highly
variable and unprediProject Managerble rainfall patterns that characterise Sahelian climatology.
Furthermore, the soil types that occur across the region exhibit a wide range of water holding and
transmitting properties. The production of food, presence of fish, trees and grazing pasture all
rely on the shallow circulation of water in the unsaturated and saturated zones. This circulation is
maintained by the system of perennial and ephemeral rivers, open water and local and regional
aquifers. The use of a supply driven approach, predicated upon averaged resource estimates, to
establish water development projects, notably irrigation, has resulted in poor performance of
investments as well as environmental degradation. The aquatic habitats have been severely
impacted and the transmission of externalities downstream has amounted to gross inequities
across the basin.
6.
Policy and Institutional Context. The context is characterised by the central presence of
the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), created in 1964 when Cameroon, Chad, Niger and
Nigeria signed the Convention of Fort Lamy (now N'Djamena), attached as Annex 9 which in
8
turn led to the creation of the LCBC. The role of the LCBC has been to ensure the most efficient
use of the basin's waters, to co-ordinate regional (as opposed to national) development, and to
assist in the settlement of disputes that might arise between and among the basin states. The
original four signatory countries have now been joined by the Central African Republic. The
LCBC has been the vehicle for a set of diagnostic studies carried out in the 1980s and the
resulting Lake Chad `Master Plan' which was finalised in 1992 and ratified in 1994. The LCBC
has also been the vehicle for the GEF PDF-B work which has achieved consensus on a "Strategic
Plan" to address basin degradation. The Fort Lamy Convention recognises the sovereign rights of
the member States over the water resources in the basin, but forbids any unilateral exploitation of
the lake water, especially when such use has a negative effect on the interests of the other states.
It also recognises the right of the member States to plan projects, provided that they consult the
LCBC beforehand. However, the Member States were supposed to refrain from adopting any
measures likely to alter the lake's water balance, its exploitation by other riparian states, the
quality of its water and the biological characteristics of the fauna and flora in the basin. Lastly,
the Member States must inform the LCBC of all projects planned within the "conventional"
basin. (bearing in mind that this "old conventional basin", until 1994, excluded upstream active
basins of the Komadogou-Yobe river and of the Chari-Logone rivers). After reform in 1990, the
LCBC has been trimmed and now has an annual budget of USD 1000,000, 50% of which is used
for operational activities and 40% for development activities. The budget consists of
contributions from the 5 member States at the time, and was broken down as follows: 26% from
Cameroon, Central African Republic 4%, 7% from Niger, 52% from Nigeria and 11% from
Chad. National, sectoral and environmental plans exist in each country. National institutions are
officially in charge of co-ordinating the implementation of Action Programme 21 in Chad,
Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. At national level, the relevant environmental institutions are;
(a) Cameroon: the National Consultative Committee on the Environment and Sustainable
Development (CCNEDD - 1997), which includes the Prime Minister, various ministers,
professional associations and NGOs),
(b) Central African Republic
(c) Chad: The National High Committee on the Environment, which includes the Prime
Minister and various ministers. (HCNE - 1995).
(d) Niger: the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development (CNEDD
- 1997), which includes the Cabinet leader, ministers, civil society, university and
NGOs),
(e) Nigeria: the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (co-ordination of ministers)
backed by the National Advisory Council (governmental organisations, private sector,
NGOs, community organisations, university) and by the National Council on the
Environment (States). Almost all the States in the Federation have prepared a long-term
Environmental Action Plan.
6.
In addition, a Basin Committee for Strategic Planning (BCSP) has already been created
through the LCBC to assist in the creation of the local initiatives. The BCSP comprises senior
country officials, across key ministries such as environment, agriculture, and finance, to increase
the likelihood that, where necessary, policy and administrative changes and funding priorities
could be made to ensure replication of the most promising locally driven enterprises
TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS AND THE BASELINE COURSE OF ACTION
Transboundary Impacts
7.
A transboundary analysis carried out under a PDF-B identified a set of hydro-
environmental issues, transboundary impacts and the principal causes (see Annex 8). The causes
are grouped into climatic and human. A clear separation between cause and specific impact
cannot be made, but it is important to note that the primary climatic causes of lake decline, which
is decrease in rainfall over the region, have significant impacts on the populations in the Lake
Basin who rely upon lake and floodplain recession agriculture, pastoralism and fisheries. The
flows and flooding characteristics causing these impacts are transboundary in nature and result
in transboundary human consequences (such as transboundary migration) and significant
changes in production and consumption patterns which are completely reliant upon the variable
9
and vulnerable natural resource base of the LCB and result in a spiral of environmental
degradation.
Climatic causes
8.
Lake Level Decline /Climatic Change. The considerable fall in the level of Lake Chad
and loss of piezometric heads associated aquifers has resulted in a decline in perennial vegetation
and an increase in vulnerability to erosion. Further, declining levels and continuing drought have
led to transboundary migration of human populations, notably fishers from Niger, many of
whom, in order to pursue fishing in the smaller Lake, must cross borders. This also results in
increased ecological stress on upstream resources and abandonment of traditional, effective
resource management practices. Another effect of declining lake-levels relates to the fishery.
Dropping levels create problems of fishing access for two of the riparian states, Niger and
Nigeria. With falling levels, Nigeria also experiences increased problems accessing surface
water resources for its large-scale irrigation projects. Last, rainfall reduction has led to a
decrease in wet season flooding, with the consequent effect of a decline in reception capability of
natural habitats, especially those that are heavily water reliant.
Human Causes
9.
Persistent Rural Poverty. A circular relationship between poverty and environmental
degradation characterises this region, particularly in the more arid Sahelian zones on the northern
margins of the basin. Regional poverty is a severe limiting factor and compromises the ability of
the countries to invest in costly yet necessary state of the environment monitoring The human
pressures on the resource base include deforestation, bush burning, and unsustainable
agricultural practices. This combination of increased human pressure and drought then
exacerbates desertification and the cycle continues. These threats were reviewed at various
country-level workshops across the region as part of the effort undertaken during implementation
of the PDF-B. A synthesis of the results of these country-level workshops resulted in the
identification of six negative consequences of the failure to address these threats. They include:
(a) The potential for the mis-allocation of the water resource base, particularly between the
large irrigated systems and elements of the natural system.
(b) The formation of spirals of degradation, with one harmful action having a cascading
effect resulting in additional harmful actions.
(c) Increased competition for the natural resource base among production activities, leading
to disputes that will prove difficult to resolve and will create serious tension between and
among various countries and interests.
(d) The creation of tangible threats to the environment with consequent environmental
diminution.
(e) A possible increase in pollution from such sources as oil drilling and production, mining,
unsustainable agricultural practices, and increasing pesticide use.
(f) Further deterioration of the natural environment if there continues to be an absence of co-
operation at all levels and a continuing inability of existing institutions to develop and
implement a clear and consistent strategy at the regional level.
10.
Short Term Policy Focus. A focus on the short term often results in unsustainable policy
decisions. The consequences of these unsustainable policy decisions include the absence of an
integrated approach to water resources management at the national and basin levels, costly
investment that is abandoned because of unforeseen changes in water availability, and
construction of large dams upstream without taking sufficient account of downstream human and
ecosystem considerations. Further, mining operations are often not sufficiently co-ordinated
with regional water and environmental policies, to the extent such policies exist. This short-term
policy focus is further characterised by the failure of development strategies in rural areas,
including those related to human health, and the development of agricultural and industrial
activities geared to production quantities often at the expense of environmental sustainability.
11.
Non-existent or Unsuitable Water and Environmental Management Policies. The general
absence of integrated, regionally based water management programs characterise the region.
10
There is insufficient knowledge of water resources generally and of the functioning of aquatic
systems specifically. There is no effective system for monitoring the quantity and quality of
freshwater resources, nor are there effective water quality protection programs. There is
ineffective management of water demand and little attention paid to adapting production
methods to natural resource limitations. Last, there is too little value accorded to water and the
environment in economic policies, an absence of economic instruments and incentive measures,
and an absence of specific programs to promote and support local initiatives.
12.
Poor Intersectoral Program Co-ordination with Limited Public Participation and Impact.
Low-level public participation and inadequate mechanisms to secure such participation further
characterise the region. There is insufficient co-operation between and among sectors within
countries, and between and among the countries themselves. Environment-centred public
education is virtually non-existent. Enforcement is weak. Few efforts have been undertaken to
harmonise legal frameworks at the regional level to protect and make sustainable the use of
shared water resources. National and regional organisations do not respond or adapt well to
rapidly changing circumstances. This poor adaptive capability makes it difficult if not
impossible to effectively and equitably manage shared water resources. Last, donors historically
have provided little incentive for the creation of a co-ordinated and sustained policy of long term
assistance aimed at autonomous and lasting development.
The Baseline Course of Action
13. National Water Management. The basic framework for national water management is
supported a number of bilateral and multilateral interventions: In Cameroon: The National
Consultative Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Development, which includes the
Prime Minister, various ministers, professional associations and NGOs), Chad: The National
High Committee on the Environment, which includes the Prime Minister and various ministers.
In Niger: the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development, which
includes the Cabinet leader, ministers, civil society, university and NGOs). In Nigeria: the
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (co-ordination of ministers) backed by the National
Advisory Council (governmental organisations, private sector, NGOs, community organisations,
university) and by the National Council on the Environment (States). Almost all the States in the
Federation have prepared a long-term Environmental Action Plan. A National Water Resources
Master Plan (1995-2020) was prepared to protect the supply of water resources, and in 1993 a
legal framework for the development of water resources was set up at the Ministry of Water
Resources. In 1998, Nigeria is to draw up national regulations for applying the Basle Convention
on cross-border movements of toxic waste. Other national initiatives include;
(a) UNDP is working through UNDESA on integrated water resources management
(IWRM), and/or water supply and sanitation projects in the Lake Chad basin in Niger,
Chad and in the CAR .
(b) The World Bank is principally involved in Nigeria through the "National water
rehabilitation project"), the "National Fadama Development project", the "Small towns
water supply and sanitation project" and in Niger where a water sector project is under
preparation
(c) Finland and a club of donors are working in Nigeria (with the IUCN, WWF, ICPB
and the British Council) on the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands.
(d) Holland and the European Union are working in Cameroon with the IUCN on the
Waza National Park system and Yaéré flood plains.
(e) France is supporting Chad, Cameroun and Niger, in the compilation of
inventories of groundwater resources and environmental, and on a support to sectoral
policy (agriculture, environment, hydraulic)
14. Regional Initiatives. This project proposal is based in substantial part on a set of
diagnostic studies that have been undertaken in the past 15 years, notably the diagnostic
environmental studies carried out in the 1980s and articulated in the Lake Chad Master Plan
published in 1992. This initiative was nonetheless predicated upon the much smaller
`conventional' basin and an arguably limited environmental and development perspective. More
importantly it did address the transboundary issues that have been identified in the preparatory
11
PDF-B work for this Project.
15.
A Diagnostic Study of Environmental Degradation in the Lake Chad Conventional Basin
(the `Diagnostic Study') was undertaken by the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) and later was joined by the United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office (UNSO). The
Diagnostic Study included comprehensive descriptions of the resources of the Basin, detailed the
then current approaches and measures being undertaken to address issues of concern, and
identified the principal actors in the Basin. The findings of the Diagnostic Study were formally
adopted by the Environment Ministers of the LCBC Member States and 1989, and the LCBC,
through the Ministers, was empowered to prepare a Master Plan for the development of
environmentally sound management of the natural resources of the Basin. The Diagnostic Study
was followed by the development of the `Master Plan', which was prepared by the LCBC with
the direct assistance of the participating countries and with additional assistance from UNEP,
UNSO, and the FAO. The Master Plan contained background information on the Basin, Master
Plan purpose and objectives, natural resource management priorities, an overview of problems
including an overview of constraints and opportunities for conservation and development, and a
recommended Action Plan. The Final Report of the Master Plan was published and approved by
the Council of Ministers in 1992 and ratified by the Heads of State in 1994 in Abuja. The Action
Plan included a list of 36 priority projects that were seen to be an urgent necessity. Many of the
priority actions that were described in the Master Plan are deemed to continue to be relevant
today, and the activities of this project heavily reflect those very priorities.
16.
PDF-B preparatory project. The most recent effort within the Basin is work undertaken
during the PDF-B GEF intervention. The project PDF-B was approved by the GEF in 1995 and
executed by UNDESA. This work resulted in an update of the Diagnostic Study and the Master
Plan.. The specific results were:
(a)
Substantive consultations between riparian countries and with national
stakeholders;
(b)
Improved co-ordination mechanisms;
(c)
Targeted transboundary problem analysis and synthesis;
(d)
An agreed Strategic Action Plan for the sustainable development of the LCB
(e)
A GEF project proposal.
17.
The Strategic Action Plan For Sustainable Development of the Lake Chad Basin (The
LCB Strategic Plan). This indicative plan defines the strategic approach adopted by the five
countries, to protect the common and shared resource bases of the Lake Chad basin. The phased
approach links, in a same vision, development needs and environmental issues, to overcome
various barriers or threats identified in three studies." The physical hydrosystem ", " The socio-
economic and institutional system" and " Environment and international waters". The Plan
described also six priority actions that, in the judgement of Basin stakeholders, required
immediate attention. A principal objective of the Plan was to address issues of a transboundary
nature and to solicit GEF support. A programmatic approach has been defined to involve GEF
support in its field of intervention, with other donors to reinforce the development baseline in
coherence with the general sustainable development objectives adopted with the Plan. As with
the recommendations of the LCBC Master Plan, many of the principal recommendations of the
LCB Strategic Plan are reflected in the array of activities that are the subject of this proposal.
18. Over the many years that the countries have worked co-operatively to develop the
Diagnostic Study, the Master Plan and the GEF PDF-B, they have recognised that movement
toward sustainable development in the Basin will take considerable time. The long term vision
for the agreed LCB-Strategic Plan has established three focal areas over an indicative period of
20 years :
(a) Concerted
Management
(b)
Integrated and Dynamic Operational Management
(c)
Empowerment and Incentive Actions
Overcoming the transboundary barriers and impediments to the achievement of objectives in
these focal areas are the subject of this proposal. As was observed in the Diagnostic Study, the
central lesson of development in West Africa over the last thirty years is simply that there are no
12
quick fixes to natural resource degradation and maintenance. It is impossible to predict at what
rate technology transfer, appropriate training, and implementation of effective resource
management will occur. In these respects, patience is a necessity, especially when new
institutions and new webs of authority need to be created.
19. The Diagnostic Study, the LCBC Master Plan, and the PDF-B with its resulting Strategic
Plan, when combined, constitute a level of consultation, diagnosis, and identification of priority
national and transboundary environmental issues that, with the activities specified in this project,
specifically to identify and prioritise the most significant transboundary threats, can be readily
crafted into a GEF Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and a programme design
comprising activities to address transboundary issues a GEF SAP. Finalisation of a GEF TDA
and formulation of a GEF SAP are specific project outputs (4 and 6 respectively). Other
objectives of this proposal include initiating priority activities identified during the PDF-B
project, establishing strengthened institutional mechanisms, designing and testing local
implementation modalities, and enlisting additional donors. Beyond the TDA and SAP it is
possible to envisage a second stage project. It is anticipated that this would be a full SAP
implementation over an estimated five-year period. In summary, the level of country
commitment to the objectives of this project is clear and compelling. Despite a recent history of
civil strife at the national and international levels in the basin, there is a demonstrated and
consistent level of co-operation and effort that spans decades and has resulted in the formal
country development and ratification of numerous studies Conventions, and Ministerial level
attention to the social and environmental plight of the basin that is rarely seen in other regions of
the world. The countries have limited resources to act effectively on many of these problem
areas, but they have certainly demonstrated the resolve to attempt to do so through this and many
other projects that have been undertaken over years.
PROJECT PURPOSE AND THE RATIONALE FOR GEF FINANCING - THE
ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTION
LONG-TERM PROJECT OBJECTIVE
20.
The long-term objective of the GEF project is to achieve global benefits through broad,
basin wide participation in the development and implementation of measures that ensure that the
integrity of the Lake Chad system is protected by integrated management of the basin's
resources. This requires orchestration of both national and regional activities through a working
system of basin governance. Measures are targeted to, among other things, mitigate the causes
and effects of desertification in the region and building of capacity at regional, national and local
levels to create enhanced adaptive and anticipatory capability. Special attention will be given to
the Africa Integrated Land and Water Initiative of the GEF implementing agencies. The Project
will complement, benefit from, and project personnel will create direct links to other GEF IW
Projects in the Senegal River Basin, the Niger River Basin, and the Volta River, all of which are
concerned with desertification issues and are part of the overall GEF effort to address land
degradation issues in Africa. This long term vision and adaptability has been formally agreed by
the riparian countries and implies;
"-resituating people's socio-economic development within the wider context of the use
and management of water resources (including rainfall), which are fragile, limited,
variable and uncertain, while emphasising the respective abilities of local populations
and natural systems to adapt to changes (and their limits),
-comparing the various uses of water with the use of soils, forests, and the management
of wildlife,
-aiming at forward-looking management that is capable of identifying long-term
consequences and impacts (i.e. over the next 20-30 years) of the various development
options for which choices have to be made in the short term. These impacts depend on the
needs of present and future generations in the basin, in terms of natural resources, basic
food resources and human safety in the face of unprediProject Managerble and uncertain
weather conditions." (Agreed LCB- `Strategic Action Plan')
13
Project Purpose and Outputs
21.
Purpose. The Purpose of the project is threefold. First to overcome barriers to the
concerted management of the basin through enhanced collaboration and capacity building among
riparians and stakeholders. Second to complete a TDA and prepare a descriptive framework for
the concerted water management across the basin. Third to prepare a GEF SAP for long term
implementation of priority actions to address transboundary issues. The implementation
modalities will be tested under this project through pilot projects, stakeholder involvement, and
demonstration of the capacity of riparian countries to implement. The GEF SAP is distinct from
the LCB- `Strategic Action Plan ` prepared under the PDF-B activities since it will seek to study,
test and formulate identified sub-programmes and design a programmatic intervention to address
these specific transboundary issues. The agreed LCB-Strategic Plan is much broader in terms of
a phased programmatic approach for sustainable development of the basin and seeks to involve
all donors and actors along a common long term vision and a corresponding global strategy.
22. Outputs. The project will establish six principal outputs.
Output 1:
Project mechanisms: an established Program Co-ordination Unit (PMU) and
nominated lead agencies to drive and co-ordinate TDA completion, pilot projects,
policy initiatives and institutional linkages.
Output 2:
Enhanced regional policy initiatives and institutional mechanisms to address
transboundary issues
Output 3:
Strengthened engagement of stakeholders
Output 4:
A completed TDA and a synthetic framework for concerted management of the
basin
Output
5: Demonstration projects to test and validate methodologies, stakeholder
involvement and implementation modalities.
Output 6:
GEF SAP designed and endorsed with implementation methodologies validated
and donor support mobilised
RATIONALE FOR GEF FINANCING
23. The economic, social, and environmental well being of participating countries depends
upon the vitality and productivity of Lake Chad and its associated basins, including its
groundwater resources which furnish critical in-situ values. The co-operatively prepared and
unanimously endorsed Diagnostic Study, Master Plan, and the PDF-B submission and
subsequent adoption of the Strategic Action Plan provide a sound technical basis for, and country
commitment to, participation in OP #9 generally and specifically the Land Degradation
Component of that OP. The objective of OP #9 is to support "...better use of land and water
resource management practices on an area wide basis." Under this OP activities supported are
those that have "an area wide focus" and are to include measures that are "more proactive
interventions aimed at protecting international waters." A major focus is to support measures
for "prevention of damage to threatened waters..." and the OP's long-term objective ".... is to
achieve global environmental benefits through implementation of IW projects which integrate
the use of sound land and water resource management strategies as a result of changes in sectoral
policies and activities that promote sustainable development." The project overall is constructed
consistent with this GEF guidance. Further, the objectives and programs of the Plan correspond
to GEF guidance under this OP and make possible the formulation of the TDA and SAP
prescribed as part of the International Waters Portfolio.
24. The Land Degradation component of OP#9 notes that "(A) a special linkage exists
between land degradation in dryland areas and management of both surface and groundwater
resources in transboundary drainage basins". Indicative activities for the Land Degradation
Component of OP #9 include, among other things, improved watershed and catchment
management, adoption of sustainable land use and conservation systems, and support for
necessary changes in sectoral and economic policies. Of particular significance for the project
being proposed by this Brief is the GEF commitment to "(S)support for preparation of water
resources management strategies by riparian countries for a transboundary dryland basin....to
14
allow harmonising of sectoral water uses among basin countries in an environmentally
sustainable manner." This proposal contains explicit provision for addressing these GEF defined
activities. In efforts related to the PDF-B and at the beginning of SAP formulation, the five Lake
Chad Basin countries co-operating in this project have worked to meet the objectives of OP#9
generally and specifically the Land Degradation Component of that OP.
25. The proposed project will contribute significantly to the reduction of stress to the
international waters environment in the Region. It also supports efforts of the five countries and
Lake Chad Basin Commission to make changes in sectoral policies, target critical investments,
and develop necessary programs consistent with the conclusions of the Plan. The long-term
commitment of the countries is demonstrated by their strong participation in and unequivocal
endorsement of efforts over 14 years. These efforts include the UNEP/FAO/LCBC co-operative
endeavours in development of a diagnostic study and Master Plan, and the GEF supported PDF-
B, and their continuing, strong endorsement of the work of the LCBC. GEF support will serve a
catalytic role in the project and the continuing participation of existing donors will contribute to
this multi-country, regional organisation, and multi-stakeholder effort. Linkages with the
UNDP/GEF initiative IW:LEARN will provide for sharing of project results and replication of
successful practices in other regions of the world and specifically among other groups of
countries confronting issues relevant to land degradation.
PROJECT OUTPUTS , RATIONALE AND ACTIVITIES
Output 1:
Project Mechanisms: An established Program Co-ordination Unit (PMU)
and nominated lead agencies to drive and co-ordinate TDA completion, pilot
projects, policy initiatives and institutional linkages
Rationale:
26. There is a need for a core co-ordinating unit that must work closely with the LCBC, the
institution designated by the countries as the responsible entity for projects of a regional nature.
This mechanism will be created in consultation with the respective GEF country focal points, the
LCBC, UNDP Resident Representatives, and government officials as necessary. In addition to
this basic project need, it is intended that activities of the project be made complementary with
activities of related, other GEF projects in West Africa. Most notably these include the UNDP-
GEF project in the Niger River Basin and the WB-GEF Project in the Senegal River Basin, both
projects in the GEF IW portfolio under OP #9.
Activity 1.1 Recruit the Project Manager (PROJECT MANAGER), public participation and
communications expertise, and requisite technical, administrative and secretarial
support.
Activity 1.2 Create and organise the PMU to facilitate and co-ordinate the work program of
the project;
Activity 1.3 Create and make provision for the conduct of meetings of the Co-implementation
Project Task Force
Activity 1.4 Promote, in co-operation with the participating countries and through the LCBC,
country specific Inter-ministerial, and local co-ordinating committees, as
necessary, and a scientific advisory committee to assist in the work specified in
Activity 1.6 and Output 3;
Activity 1.5 Support a Lead Agency for each participating country and a senior official to
assume leadership of project activities and represent the participating country in
meetings of the Project Steering Committee (PSC);
Output 2
Enhanced regional policy initiatives and institutional mechanisms to address
transboundary issues during and beyond the life of the project
Rationale
27. Adaptive capability and anticipatory planning, to be fully effective, must be not only
permissive at national and regional levels but encouraged and incentives created to effect
adaptive response capability at the local level. This presumes that an effective system of basin
15
governance is in place and that the key players in that system are accurately identified. At
present, national and regional institutions are not adequate to the task. The participating
countries are members of the LCBC. The LCBC was created through the mechanism of the
Lake Chad Basin Convention (Annex 9). The theoretical powers of the Commission are quite
broad, including, inter alia, provisions related to prior notification, the monitoring of study
progress and works related to water resources, and the authority to examine complaints and
contribute to the resolution of differences of opinion among member countries. In practice,
however, the countries have from time-to-time turned to other authorities to address issues in the
conventional basin without involvement of the LCBC, even though the issues to be addressed
fell within the mandate of the LCBC. If the LCBC is to assume a leadership role in SAP
implementation, its responsibilities, prerogatives, and resources must be adequate to the task. As
part of their commitment to this project, the countries have agreed to undertake a review of the
LCBC consistent with strengthening its institutional capacity to undertake substantial execution
authority in the next project phase. Further, the countries, as part of their commitment elaborated
in the LCBC Convention and the Plan, have agreed that policies and strategies for agricultural
production, environmental protection, flora and fauna, stock-rearing, fisheries and industrial
activity can no longer be managed independently in each country if there is to be sustainable
development. The World Bank will be taking lead responsibility for activities 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 and
2.5. Of particular note is Activity 2.3. Under this activity, the LCBC will host a Stock-taking
Conference between the Lake Chad basin project and associated GEF projects as a means of
ensuring the effective transfer of lessons learned and effective co-ordination and co-operation.
To effect such policies and strategies described above the countries have committed themselves
to the following activities related to current and possible future institutional considerations and
mechanisms:
Activity 2.1 Review the current functions and responsibilities of the LCBC with a view to
strengthening and improving its functional capabilities, regional effectiveness,
and ensuring a sufficient level of finance for its operations;
Activity 2.2 Identify actors in water resource and related land and environmental policy
implementation in each country
Activity 2.3 Through the PMU and the LCBC co-ordinate activities with other related GEF
projects, such as those in the Niger, Volta and Senegal River Basins, including
technical exchanges and field visits as necessary.
Activity 2.4 Define and promote the integration of transboundary water and environmental
policies into the National Development Plans;
Activity 2.5 Undertake an assessment of current, relevant agreements, protocols, conventions
statutes and other relevant legal frameworks in each country, including
recommendations for incentives and harmonised legal frameworks to enable an
integrated regional approach toward long-term management of the Basin's
resources;
Activity 2.6 Establish the necessary structural arrangements for participating countries to
review, harmonise and co-ordinate frameworks, regulations and approaches for
the improved transboundary management of issues such as power generation,
irrigation, downstream riparian considerations, fisheries, water quality and
effluent standards, diversions and consumptive uses, and the creation and use of
economic instruments;
Output 3
Strengthened engagement of stakeholders
Rationale
28. Strategies and discrete actions that can protect and lead to the effective management of the
LCB aquatic ecosystems must be undertaken at the local level where the greatest capacity for
adaptability resides. While all affected interests will have access to project participation
activities, special attention will be given to affected local populations that rely on the resources
of the Basin for their sustenance, and have shown an ability to adapt to rapidly changing natural
and human-induced changes in the natural system. Provision will thus be made to ensure that
people living within the basin are given full opportunity to participate in project definition and
project implementation. Local level participation, including NGOs and, to the extent practicable
16
the private sector, will be actively promoted during the project as their participation is deemed as
essential to project success. Involvement of the private sector would become especially
important as a means of assessing the environmental implications of an oil field exploitation and
a pipeline that is planned to transect an environmentally sensitive area of the LCB in Cameroon
and Chad. Within the framework defined for each sub-basin, and in collaboration with existing
basin sub-commissions and other support mechanisms, local authorities and populations can
undertake local sustainable development initiatives, in effect developing local Agenda 21s. The
results of these locally driven exercises would include project specific suggestions that would be
reviewed by the Basin Committee for Strategic Planning (BCSP), an entity that has already been
created through the LCBC to assist in the creation of the local planning initiatives. The BCSP
would select, based on the principles of sustainability, replicability, and "scale-ability", the most
promising project suggestions and existing, sustainable local practices for funding as pilot
demonstrations in the SAP implementation phase of the project, and as necessary continue to
function beyond the life of the GEF project.
Activity 3.1 Create and provide resources for a Steering Committee for the engagement of
stakeholders and key user groups at all levels
Activity 3.2 Formulate, plan and execute 15 stakeholder group exercises (3 in each
participating country);
Activity 3.3 Support for 15 final workshop reports including recommendations for pilot
projects in the SAP implementation phase of the GEF project; and
Activity 3.4 Support for preparation of a final report, including recommendations, to assist
governments and the LCBC to begin implementation of key results from the user
group exercises.
Activity 3.5 Develop a regionally based methodology and mechanism for stakeholder
participation at all levels including provision for environmental impact studies,
Output 4
A completed TDA and a synthetic framework for concerted management of
the basin
Rationale
29. An adaptive and anticipatory capability requires good information. Previous efforts, such
as the Diagnostic Analysis, the Master Plan and the PDF-B project, have generated substantial
information on many of the issues confronting the participating countries. The TDA will need to
determine the precise linkages between environmental and socio-economic systems and their
transboundary impacts. It is expected that the finalised TDA will refine the priorities identified in
previous studies and consultations. It is expected that these will include the definition of threats
to the overall basin and lake balance, the social and related environmental transboundary nature
of population movements, cross-border fisheries issues, navigation and trade, and the
transboundary aspects of inter-community dependence emanating from the activities within the
basin. The TDA will build upon work undertaken during the PDF-B project. In particular, work
undertaken by the participating countries during the PDF-B project concluded that the means for
accurate and monitoring of resource flows and uses do not exist. This seriously impedes the
reconciliation of existing and emerging disputes Specific hydro-environmental data is lacking
and a broad range of relevant scientific studies in the region have not been synthesised into a
working basin-wide framework. In addition , there is little monitoring of industrial discharges.
Data analysis at the national level, to the extent that data is available and has been analysed, is
not effectively disseminated among the relevant institutions at national and international levels.
Even where raw data is available, the mechanisms for national and international analysis are
absent. Therefore a long term objective of the countries and the LCBC is the establishment of a
sustainable, functional, basin-wide meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological network.
GEF funding can only be used to support the completion of the transboundary (international)
analysis. To the extent possible key measurements will be taken over the first three years of the
project to establish an international datum for the LCB. Work will then be undertaken to
identify sustainable financing mechanisms for a Lake Chad basin monitoring system.
30. Unless the essential character of the LCB groundwater resources are known, anticipatory
planning and adaptive capability will not be possible. It is clear that some aquifers systems of the
17
Basin are already under pressure and that groundwater in general will become increasingly
critical for the provision of potable water supplies and water for crop and livestock maintenance.
As indicated, a clear regional hydrogeological overview is not available and specific knowledge
about the groundwater resources will need to be sharpened. Without more detailed knowledge of
such issues as surface-groundwater interactions and the identification of hot-spots, planning for
the sustainable use of the key aquifers is impossible. Activity 4.3 will fill specific gaps on
groundwater knowledge and other hydraulic issues in the basin as a basis for management
decisions. Activity 4.3 will also complement work in the Chari-Logone aquifer that is being
funded by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ)
and executed by UNESCO. The active BMZ project and GEF commitment will be used by the
PMU, the participating countries and the LCBC to leverage other donors to undertake detailed
groundwater assessments.
Activity 4.1 Compile existing scientific, hydro-environmental and socio-economic data and
information (including groundwater, aquatic ecosystems and water consumption).
Prepare a descriptive basin framework and establish key processes and hot-spots.
Data and descriptive models to be hosted by the LCBC.
Activity 4.2 Undertake a gap analysis of existing data to define a basin-wide monitoring
network;
Activity 4.3 Support for the development of key water resource measures (e.g. the
hydrostratigraphy in the Chad Formation, updating of rating curves of existing
hydrological stations to determine low flow and flood conditions and specific
water quality measurements) in order to refine the Lake and sub-basin water
balances and complete the TDA.
Activity 4.4 Establish key environmental indicators in the Lake Chad Basin to verify
compliance with existing and future management plans and, ultimately, to assist
in evaluating GEF SAP implementation;
Activity 4.5 Develop risk analysis capability within the participating countries with the
objective of, among other things, assessing regional-level hydro-environmental
risk and identification of risk-management systems and approaches; and
Activity 4.6 Assemble a basin-wide synthetic framework for surface/groundwater interaction
within the Lake Chad Basin to pre-identify long term consequences of
development alternatives.
Output 5
Creation of Regional Programs and initiation of demonstration projects to
test and validate methodologies, secure stakeholder involvement and develop
implementation modalities.
Rationale
31. The regional initiative and supporting mechanisms require implementation through national,
regional and local level mechanisms. These are mechanisms over which a regional initiative has
no jurisdiction. However, a pre-condition to the implementation of the GEF SAP is that SAP
interventions can be executed at national and local levels. Notwithstanding the commitment
made during the project PDF-B, in which countries reached high level agreement on priority
actions that need to be urgently addressed, the precise mode in each sub-basin needs to be
determined and tested with local and national actors and explicitly linked to the regional
initiatives through an integrated basin approach in order address the priority transboundary
concerns. Therefore specific demonstration projects will be articulated at the end of the first year
of the project on the basis of the TDA findings. These will build on the existing development and
environment initiatives and will be designed to add global value to these interventions by
addressing transboundary priorities. With regard to activity 5.5 the IUCN which has expressed
an interest in this issue will be asked to directly participate in the activity. This initiative is
anticipated in the priorities identified in the LCBC Master Plan and also in work undertaken
during the PDF-B, the articulation of the LCB Strategic Plan and the subsequent agreements
reached by the LCBC Council of Ministers. It will focus on new institutional mechanisms to
link local, national and regional planning initiatives . In addition, an additional PDF-B support to
be executed by the World Bank will aim to pre-identify suitable mechanisms and targets at
regional national and local level. Taking into account the findings/results of the synthetic
18
framework (Activity 4.6), the country-identified priorities requiring immediate implementation
will result in the following activities, each of which will have provision for stakeholder
participation:
Activity 5.1 Develop and begin implementation of a regional program to improve existing and
define new protected areas, including the creation of corridors to link existing and
new protected areas;
Activity 5.2 Develop and begin implementation of a regional program, including
establishment of five pilot demonstration sites, to protect immediately threatened
aquatic ecosystems;
Activity 5.3 Develop a regional program aimed at reducing growing water demand with an
emphasis on identified hot-spots identified in the LCB Strategic Plan;
Activity 5.4 Support development of a regional mechanism to create and implement a regional
program to anticipate future pollution threats, including those that may derive
from increased oil exploration, drilling, production and transport, and build
capacity to prevent their occurrence; and
Activity 5.5 Support a regional mechanism to develop integrated basin approaches (including
floodplain management) in the Kamadagou-Yobe and Chari- Logone sub-basins.
Using with full stakeholder participation, design and initiate basin development
and management plans, with supporting decision aid tools, to maintain the
integrity of sensitive wetlands systems downstream and promote sustainable
development.
Activity 5.6 Feedback of demonstration results into SAP design through the PMU.
Output 6
GEF SAP designed and endorsed with donor support mobilised
Rationale
32. Donor support in the basin is limited at present. As previously suggested, early and
successful country and LCBC implementation of the pilot demonstration activities, and indeed
the GEF approval of this Project, are likely to result in re-invigorated donor interest for work in
Lake Chad Basin. Leveraged investments, further to the initial GEF investment, will be
incorporated into the appropriate elements of the Project. Project resources will be used to
assure the preparation of all necessary documentation, meetings and conferences to mobilise
financial support for the Project. The World Bank will play a lead role in co-ordinating and
organising donor support for the SAP since it is currently assisting Nigeria and Niger in setting
the policy frameworks for water related investments and will be preparing national investment
programmes during the project period. In addition, current World Bank activities in Niger and
Nigeria are supporting the development of national water policies and will have direct links with
project outputs. The World Bank will extend its policy review efforts to the other participating
countries that are the subject of this proposal. It is expected that World Bank co-implementation
of the project will result in additional leveraging of resources for the GEF Project. It is further
anticipated that the bulk of financing for the next phase of the project, the SAP implementation
phase, will come from non-GEF sources. It is therefore important to develop an adaptable and
flexible arrangement with development partners governments, donors, NGOs and basin
stakeholders who will provide financial, technical, and human resources for implementation. The
design of investment vehicles and the production of prospectus material to match investment
opportunities with investors will be essential, as will the training of Government personnel in
this field material and training will be developed and provided to ensure the Lake Chad Basin
initiative can leverage sufficient funding to realise both an enhanced domestic baseline and
global benefits. Donor consultation, both informally and through a formal donor conference,
will occur within 90 days of final project approval so that early buy-in to the Project can be
secured. Provision is made for an additional donor conference during year three of the project to
assist in securing broad donor support for SAP implementation.
Activity 6.1 Development and implementation of a plan for continuing donor contact;
Activity 6.2 Planning and implementation of 2 donor conferences, one shortly after GEF
project approval and one immediately prior to SAP implementation;
Activity 6.3 Present the TDA and the GEF SAP to Inter-ministerial Co-ordinating Committees
19
and the LCBC,; and formalise a regional agreement on the GEF SAP
Activity 6.4 Development of donor conference reports and preparation of a strategy for
ongoing project finance.
RISKS AND SUSTAINABILITY
RISKS
33. The long term success of regional scale management programs, such as the one proposed
here depend, inter alia, on the political willingness of the participating countries to co-operate,
their willingness to continue project programs and approaches after the life of the GEF
intervention, and the extent to which activities successfully engage end users at the community
level.
34. In relation to political willingness, the level of project risk is seen as moderate. The
participating countries have few economic resources, have witnessed recent national and regional
strife and, with the continuing drought, lack of donor support, and short term priorities such as
human health, education, basic sanitation, and nutrition, it is difficult to create a focus on what
appears to be longer term environmental imperatives. This situation is somewhat mitigated,
however, by a growing realisation on the part of the countries that environmental sustainability is
inextricably linked to food production, tourism, sanitation, population movements, and thus
regional stability. This growing realisation has led the countries to participate effectively in the
work undertaken during the Diagnostic Study, Master Plan, the PDF-B and, subsequently, in
other endeavours. There is growing evidence to support a conclusion that the countries,
notwithstanding to focus on short term priorities at the expense of environmental integrity, are
increasingly committed to a regional approach to shared environmental concerns as a means of
ensuring sustainability of their shared, fragile resources. Political will and co-operation were
expressed for the project and its aims by country participation in and high level, formal
endorsement of the results of the Diagnostic Study, the Master Plan, and the PDF-B developed
Strategic Action Plan.
35. The risk of GEF project programs, and activities related to them, ending after the life of
the project are seen as moderate. It is unlikely that the countries can, without greater donor
support than is now the case, sustain project efforts. The ability of the countries, with GEF
assistance, to solicit enhanced donor support will be crucial to sustainability of project efforts.
SUSTAINABILITY
36.
Government Commitment As previously mentioned the participating countries have
worked together and well during preparation of the Diagnostic Study, the Master Plan and the
GEF financed, DESA implemented PDF-B. Country official assistance in preparation of and
participation in national and regional workshops, workgroups, and steering committees has been
consistent and committed.
37.
Financial Sustainability The financial commitment of Governments is at this time largely
in-kind. There has been recent re-invigoration of donor commitment to direct and related
objectives of the GEF project as evidenced by assistance from the German BMZ, the EU, and
Islamic Development Bank. Countries continue their financial commitment to the LCBC and
contribute 10% or more to each project that has been the subject of donor assistance. As the
project is implemented the UNDP will consult on an ongoing basis, at the Task Manager level,
with regard to the provision of resources necessary to securing World Bank assistance to seek
project-related investment both during the project implementation period and post-project. The
World Bank will take the lead IA role in the organisation of the donor conferences.
STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
Stakeholder Participation
20
38. Stakeholder participation was a key and successful ingredient of work undertaken during
the execution of PDF-B activities. The current project proposal will build on and add to the level
of public involvement that began in the PDF-B phase. It will do this through the involvement of
communities in the creation of mini-Agenda 21,s and through the recruitment of stakeholder
participation form the NGO community, community and commercial fishers, herders,
representatives from the agricultural sector, and representation from the private sector, most
particularly the petroleum industry. Stakeholder participation will also be sought in the
development and implementation of all other elements of the project, with particular emphasis on
the various pilot demonstration projects and the finalisation of the TDA and the GEF SAP. It
has already been agreed by the countries in the agreed LCBC Strategic Action Plan that a
genuine commitment to stakeholder involvement is imperative as the only way of ensuring co-
operation at all significant levels, promoting sustainable and productive engagement with local
environments and involving the private sector (mining and petroleum industry) and locally
elected organisations in seeking negotiated solutions to environmental degradation.
Project Implementation and Institutional Framework
39.
National and Regional Institutions. Direct and ongoing oversight of project activities will
be the responsibility of the executing agencies through the PMU. The PMU will comprise a
Chief Technical Officer, Public Participation and Communications Expertise, and requisite
administrative and secretarial support. Consultants will be retained as necessary and priority will
be given to the recruitment of national consultants as available. The LCBC will play a key and
ongoing co-ordination role with and on behalf of the participating countries. The LCBC will
also be undertaking the implementation of specific project activities. A co-implementation
Project Task Force (PTF) will be created. The PTF will generally oversee project
implementation activities. Its membership will include representatives from the participating
countries, the LCBC, participating GEF implementing agencies, the executing agency. The
PROJECT MANAGER will also be a member of the Project Task Force, which will meet at the
call of the Chair, who will be selected by the PTF membership. comprises both national and
regional initiatives. Thematic and geographic Committees will be created as necessary to
continue and finalise development of the TDA and the SAP.
Project Implementation
40. The project will be implemented according to the provisional workplan presented in
Annex 5. UNOPS will serve as the Executing Agency for UNDP and as such be responsible for
the PMU and its activities. World Bank executing arrangements will be applied in the context of
national activities through its existing national projects and offices. The Executing Agency role
for UNOPS, working in close collaboration with UNDP country offices, will assure that the
technical assistance to the participating countries that has been provided since 1990 will continue
and guarantee that the national and regional priorities agreed by the riparian States are
substantively and coherently accommodated within the GEF SAP. Consistent with the
comparative advantage of UNOPS, the project will have direct links to the inter-governmental
debate in the Commission on Sustainable Development, the international convention
mechanisms of the UN Secretariat and important links to other UN agencies implicated in land
and water management.
41. The World Bank will collaborate in the important area of policy reform in the
participating countries, and bringing to bear its strong technical presence at the national levels,
and assist in the identification of and actions leading to project related investment follow-up. . A
parallel PDF-C proposal has also been developed by the World Bank to further refine details of the pilot
demonstration projects and the groundwater/conjunctive uses aspects of the project.
42. The UNDP role will be to contribute its on-the-ground strength and resulting trust it
builds with national governments, directly facilitate workshops and the convening of key
stakeholders consistent with its comparative advantage in capacity building, work to secure
national country-based financial resources to complement project activities, and provide
important links to other UN Agencies.
21
43. The respective UNDP and WB Task Managers will be in direct and ongoing contact to
facilitate the work of the projects and to ensure maximum levels of co-operation to bring about
project success. As an immediate step the IA's will compile its respective water activities within
the project area and suggest how these activities can contribute to the basin wide program.
Specific additional joint activities will be sought and acted upon by the respective Task managers
as the project is developed and implemented. As the pilot demonstration projects constitute the
country-identified most urgent priority actions, and since successful country and LCBC efforts to
implement these priority actions are deemed necessary to build donor confidence in the region,
implementation of the pilot projects should begin as soon as possible after project approval.
44. The Africa Integrated Land and Water Initiative was launched in March 1999 by the Heads
of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Implementing Agencies UNDP, UNEP, and the
World in which they agreed to forge a new strategic partnership for inter-agency collaboration on
land and water degradation with initial emphasis on Africa. It recognises that land and water
resources are key to the economic development of drylands.
INCREMENTAL COSTS AND PROJECT FINANCING
45. Incremental Costs. Total costs for the project are calculated at US$18,066,800 (including
$693,500 of PDF A, B, and C funding) of which the GEF contribution is US$10,443,500 and co-
financing is US$7,293,300 based on government contributions, anticipated Implementing
Agency inputs and expressions of interest received from NGOs and bilateral donors. The co-
finance calculation does not include the ongoing programs of the UNDP, the World Bank and the
contributions of other organisations that directly complement and will assist in the execution of
specific project outputs. The incremental costs attached to this GEF project are linked
principally to overcoming barriers to concerted management of the basin, completion of a TDA
and the subsequent development and negotiation of the SAP. Overcoming these barriers has
specific capacity building implications and associated costs that lie beyond the domestic
baselines of the riparian countries. Annex 1 presents a summary of the domestic and global
benefits and costs together with a matrix of individual country baseline and alternative costs
associated with each project objective.
46. Project
Financing. The financing of the project within the context of the agreed SAP
will be ensured by the commitment of all five Governments and bi-lateral and multilateral donors
who have expressed an interest in supporting LCBC and the SAP process. Co-financing figures
are indicative of the anticipated participation of on-going projects to related activities of the GEF
project. As an example UNDP is funding in Chad US$ 2.6 million in water and land resources
projects. It as been estimated that 10% of this amount will be directed toward transboundary
activities. LCBC has an annual mean budget, funded by member States, of US$ 1,180, 000. It
has been agreed by LCBC that an equivalent percentage will be applied over the life time of the
project (thus $ 411,800). The contribution in kind accepted by the five Governments through
their on-going projects represents a total of $ 1,750,000. In addition, the German co-operation
(BMZ) is funding the LCBC regional project "Study of the Chari-Logone Groundwater
resources" for an amount of $617,600 and it is expected that outputs of this project will be
developed and used by the GEF project. The total of co-financing is $ 7,293,300. DGID is
providing co-finance of US$ 1,930,000 while DFID is providing an additional US$ 2,078,900.
22
Table 1. Summary GEF Project Financing (US$)
Project Outputs
TOTAL
Co-
GEF
financing
Output 1: Project Mechanisms An established
3,239,000
650,000 2,589,000
Program Co-ordination Unit (PMU) and country
lead agencies
Output 2: Enhanced regional policy and
1,785,800
661,800 1,124,000
institutional mechanisms
Output 3: Strengthened stakeholder participation
1,571,000
360,000 1,211,000
and education, involvement of stakeholders
through development of local initiatives
Output 4: Key Measurements, TDA and
3,267,600
1,017,600 2,250,000
synthetic basin framework
Output 5: Demonstration projects to test
7,053,900
4,503,900 2,550,000
methodologies, stakeholder involvement and
implementation modalities.
Output 6:Donor support mobilised for GEF SAP
456,000
100,000
356,000
and LCBC Plan implementation
TOTALS
16,893,300
7,293,300
10,080,000
PDF (Block A and B)
693,500
0
693,500
Total Project Financing
18,066,800
7,293,300
10,773,500
MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LESSONS LEARNED
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
47. Project objectives, outputs and emerging issues will be regularly reviewed and evaluated
annually by the PTF. The project will be subject to the various evaluation and review
mechanisms of the UNDP, including the Project Performance and Evaluation Review (PPER),
the Tri-Partite Review (TPR), and an external Evaluation and Final Report prior to termination
of the Project. It is anticipated that the scientific advisory committee will be instrumental in
assuring the scientific quality and standard of project implementation and reporting. The project
will also participate in the annual Project Implementation Review (PIR) of the GEF. Particular
emphasis will be given to emerging GEF policy with regard to monitoring and evaluation in the
context of GEF IW projects. This document generally, and more specifically the logframe in this
document, will be used to identify relevant Process Indicators, Stress Reduction Indicators, and
Environmental Status Indicators that will serve to inform the M&E process and be adopted by
the participating countries.
LESSONS LEARNED AND TECHNICAL REVIEWS
48. The project will be involved from the start in the GEF International Waters Learning,
Exchange and Resource Network Program (IW: LEARN). IW:LEARN is a distance education
program whose purpose is to improve global management of transboundary water systems. It
will provide structured interactive conferencing capability across and within the GEF
International Waters Portfolio and will allow participants in GEF IW projects to share learning
related oceans, coastal zone management and to other river basins in Africa and in other
development regions. For environmental professionals working on GEF related projects
IW:LEARN will greatly expand opportunities for peer, collaborative research with physically
distant colleagues, opportunities to exchange best practices and training modules among projects,
and the delivery of short courses.
23
List of Annexes Included
Annex 1
Incremental Cost Matrix
Annex 2
Logical Framework Analysis
Annex 3
Letters of Endorsement
Annex 4
STAP Roster Technical Review
Annex 5
Response to STAP Technical Review
List of Attachments
Attachment 1 Detailed Project Budget
Attachment 2 Project Timetable
Attachment 3 Institutional Arrangements
Attachment 4 Project Organogram
Attachment 5 Monitoring and Evaluation Details
Attachment 6 Reporting Requirements and Legal Context
Attachment 7 Terms of Reference for Project Personnel
Attachment 8 Pilot Demonstration Activities by Description/Logframe/Timetable/Budget
Attachment 9 Response to GEF Council Member Comments
List of Annexes (Available Upon Request)
Annex 6 -
Map of the Lake Chad Basin
Annex 7 -
Visual Depiction of Extent of Surface Water Lake Diminishment
Annex 8 -
Tables of Transboundary Environmental Impacts
Annex 9 -
The Convention of Fort Lamy
Annex 10-
Diagnostic Study of Environmental Degradation in the Lake Chad Conventional
Basin
Annex 11
Agreed draft public involvement plan for the project
Annex 12 -
Summary of PDF-B prepared Strategic Action Plan
24
ANNEX 1: Incremental Cost Annex
1. Regional Context and Broad Development Goals
1.1 General poverty characterises the development situation in the basin . Poverty is also a key
factor for all environmental threats. The five countries are among the last forty countries in the
Human Development Index ranking. Two countries are among the last ten, and one country is in
fact just before the last one in the world. The mean real GDP per capita for those countries is
decreasing (in 1987 equivalent $) from 1980 ($ /pc 463) to 1990 ($ /pc 425) and 1995 ($ /pc
378). (Ref. UNDP Human Development Report 1998 - p.142). At the same time, the mean
figures for the same indicator are increasing for developing countries taken as a whole. The same
observation can be made for this specific region for two other indicators : food production per
capita and daily per capita supply of calories. They are also decreasing whereas the opposite
trend can be observed, on average, for developing countries.
1.2
The socio-economic pressures on the region's limited water resource base have driven
significant levels of investment in water infrastructure, particularly in Nigeria. In Chad new
irrigation projects are planned. In both countries questions remain concerning, at the same time:
financial constraints, food security, sustainability of and efficiency of those investments, in
particular in terms of water management. The development baseline appears to be insufficient in
this region to overcome current trends, despite some positive signs for West Africa, concerning
a new dynamism in economic growth, in conflict resolution, and in Civil society participation.
1.3 UNDP and the World Bank are already funding water resource management programmes
in Chad, Niger and Nigeria. Governments of the five countries have provided funds to LCBC
since 1964 and have committed funds to environmental assessments of the part of their basin in
so far as national priorities have been addressed.
2. Global Environmental Objective and Incremental cost Analysis
2.1
The significance of the basin has been highlighted by the international interest in the
hydro-ecological state of basin flood plains and of the Lake and the bio-diversity they support.
The incipient degradation under the baseline conditions will threaten aquatic flora and their
associate fauna both in the Lake Chad area and in the source sub-basins. (LCBC SAP Annex
10).
2.2
If the transboundary issues are not addressed, the direct and indirect threats to this
international water body will result in the progressive breakdown of the hydrological and
ecological integrity of the LCB system. This will cause the global community to forfeit sizeable
conservation benefits (including direct and indirect use values, and existence and option values).
3. Baseline
3.1
The scope of the baseline is set spatially by the natural limits of the LCB and the locus of
external demands upon the basin's resources, thematically by the project objectives (concerted
management, water resource analysis and planning/programming), and temporally by the life of
the project (4 years). The sectoral activities in the basin that involve direct water abstraction and
disposal from and to the LCB watercourses are distinguished from activities that relate to
mechanisms for concerted management, water resource analysis for the LCB, and the
programming and planning of water related investments in the LCB. A proportion of these non-
operational activities carried out by each country will be diverted into the alternative.
3.2 The PDF project completed an inventory of the existing, or signed, water and environment
programmes funded by donors in each riparian country. This specific inventory is limited to the
new conventional Chad Lake basin and for the duration of the proposed programme. Detailed
tables of this baseline (split into structural investments and into non structural investments
related to the GEF proposed activities" ) are given in Annex 1 of the agreed Lake Chad Strategic
Action Plan. (see Annex 10 of this brief) The detailed incremental cost matrix is provided as
25
Annex 1 of this brief and compares, in terms of outputs and costs the baseline with the proposed
activities.
4. The GEF Alternative
4.1 An alternative regional programme will generate benefits for the overall environment while
striving to promote actions that are compatible with the economic and social interests of each
country. It would create new opportunities for regional development by harmonising policies and
enabling the requirements of all players within the basin to be taken into account. In a basin as
complex and sensitive as that of Lake Chad, it is vital to integrate development and
environmental policies, which are closely interdependent, right from the outset. The agreed
"Lake Chad Strategic Action Plan", and in particular the way in which the Programme of Actions
is implemented with the initial GEF support, and the progressive support of major donors ,
should aim at ensuring a flexible process whereby this integration of policies can take place. A
GEF project for protecting the overall environment will be a vital means of mobilising,
catalysing and generating national development projects, making the environment an essential
component. Reciprocally, these national development programmes concerned with water and the
environment, co-ordinated within a comprehensive strategic approach basin-wide (the SAP) will
be decisive in upgrading the capabilities that need to be mobilised throughout the region to save
the Lake Chad basin ecosystem. In conclusion, it may be predicted that without a regional back-
up programme, sized to handle the scope of the work that has to be organised and carried out,
there will be no other initiatives in the short or medium terms to provide the region's countries
with complete assistance to deal with the environmental problems linked with the international
waters of Lake Chad.
4.2 To avoid the overall environmental risks identified above, with the support in kind of
Governments . The existing basic framework within the basin (regular operations of the LCBC)
is covered by the member states. Certain other priority regional programmes would benefit from
being co-financed with other donors in order to generate more wide-ranging actions and thus
have a more rapid impact on the human and physical environments. These programmes will be
formulated during phase 1 (2002-2006) and discussed with interested and concerned partners. At
the national level, the components financed by the GEF could help to support existing or future
programmes, integrated into national sustainable development programmes and into the strategic
action plan for the entire basin.
5. Scope of Analysis
5.1
The functional system boundary for water, land forest and wildlife comprise much
smaller sub-sets of the basin's geographic limit. This is because the hydrologically active area of
the basin is much smaller (966,955 km2) and involves five riparian states. The topographic
limits of the basin (2,381,635 km2) which cover large part of desert areas in Niger and Chad are
effectively de-coupled hydrologically and hydrogeologically from Lake Chad . In 1964, four
countries created the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), to handle the problems of
development centred on Lake Chad in an area formerly referred to as "the conventional basin".
This convention did not include the Central African Republic and excluded the large desert
expanses of Algeria, northern Niger and Sudan and, in particular, excluded the upstream part of
the active basins of the Chari-Logone and Komadugu-Yobe. This "old conventional basin"
covered about 427 300 km2. Since 1994, the Central African Republic has been a member of the
LCBC and "the new conventional basin" has been enlarged to include the upper basins of the
Logone-Chari and Komadugu-Yobe systems. It may now be considered that the LCBC's
mandate covers the entire active basin (also referred to as the new conventional basin), which
now covers 966 955 km2, divided up as follows between the 5 countries:
26
Country
New area of
Population in Density in 1991
conventional
1991 (in
(inh/km2)
basin (km2)
thousands)
Cameroon
56,800
2,100
37
CAR
197,800
700
3.5
Niger
162,375
240
1.5
Nigeria
188,000
13,856
74
Chad
361,980
5,048
14
Total
966 955
21 944
22.7
Distribution of active basin (or "new conventional basin"
according to LCBC (areas) and Harrison and Kolawole (population- PDF-B)
This new definition of the active Lake Chad basin thus takes into account almost all the water
resources that supplies the lake, the Yaérés and the aquifers in the lake area. It is now possible, in
each sub-basin, and for the whole basin, to envisage a concerted water resources management.
5.2
The thematic limits for this analysis are set by the project objectives to prepare for the
implementation of a programme of concerted management through strengthened institutional
mechanisms, transboundary analysis and programme design. Requisite institutional
strengthening across the related sectors is of the essence. The design of the proposed project has
taken into full consideration its complementarity with other existing projects in the region,
particularly the World Bank and UNDP funded water reviews in Nigeria
5.3
The temporal boundaries for this analysis are set by the anticipated period of preparation
for implementation and programme formulation, a four-year period. The project benefits will
clearly continue to accrue beyond this time boundary of both the first stage defined by the project
and the second stage of programme implementation. Baseline expenditures have been estimated
across a time horizon from 1995 to 2005 to capture the relevant development and project budgets
5.4
Sunk costs, incurred prior to 1998 have been omitted from the analysis. The baseline
captures investments within the LBC and specific elements associated with extra-basin demands
for water. The Alternative captures the additional actions required to secure project objectives
within the system boundary. There will be substantial leveraging of domestic baseline costs that
address concerted management and basin analysis towards the globally preferred alternative.
6 Project Financing
6.1. Total baseline expenditures amount to US$ 23,662,000 and reflects investments associated
with water policy initiatives, including management and environmental protection, at national
and to a lesser extent at regional level, over the period 1995 to 2005. The GEF would provide US
$9,750,000 in incremental cost financing for the alternative, which represents 40 % of the total
baseline amount. This funding is targeted specifically at overcoming barriers by defraying the
transaction costs associated with sustainable management of transboundary waters, and
associated resources and ecosystems.
6.2 Co-financing figures are indicative of the anticipated participation of on-going projects to
related activities of the GEF project. As an example UNDP is funding in Chad M$ 2.6 in water
and land resources project. It as been estimated that 10% of this amount will be valuably used in
concerted operations. LCBC has an annual mean budget, funded by member States, of $ 1,180,
000. It has been agreed by LCBC that a same percentage applied over the lifetime of the project
(thus $ 411,800). The contribution in kind accepted by the five Governments through their on-
27
going projects represents a total of $ 1,750,000. In addition, the German co-operation (BMZ) is
funding the LCBC regional project "Study of the Chari-Logone Groundwater resources" for an
amount of $617,600 and it is expected that outputs of this project will be developed and used by
the GEF project. The DGID and DFID are co-financing an amount of US$ 1,930,000 and US$
2,078,900 respectively.
6.3 In the longer term, removal of barriers to sustainable use will widen the menu of
development options available at a local level. But in the short term, the generation of the
programme to address transboundary issues will result in mainly non-pecuniary benefits. For the
riparian countries, tangible costs exceed tangible benefits in the intermediate term, providing
little incentive to undertake this initiative without external assistance.
28
PROJECT INCREMENTAL COST MATRIX
Long-term objective :
" To achieve regional and global benefits through, broad, basin wide participation in the development and implementation
of measures that ensure that Lake Chad is sustainably protected by concerted, integrated management of the basin's resources"
Cost/Benefits
BASELINE (B)2
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000-2003
INCREMENT (A-B)
Domestic
1. Countries unwilling to take unilateral 1. Harmonisation of policies and 1. Countries able to strengthen
Benefits
action to strengthen water and
standards for water and water and environmental
environmental management, and environmental management
management without losing
bilateral assistance unwilling to fund
according to a common strategy
development funds for other
water projects without any clear
(SAP) at basin level, with
critical short term priorities
knowledge, or agreement, on information and support of donors.
and without losing
sustainability of water uses, upstream 2. Co-ordination of management efforts
competitive position.
and downstream.
between riparian countries through 2. Interventions more effectively
2. Environmental management policies,
international co-operation.
targeted at removing the root
strategies and programmes within
Institutional and human capacity
causes of threats, thus
countries are uncoordinated; by
building in the arena of integrated
improving the efficacy and
themselves, national efforts are land and water management and
cost-effectiveness of national
insufficient to mitigate threats to river
basin space planning.
management endeavours.
systems. National capacities to effect 3. Targeted education and awareness
National capacities to
integrated land and water body
efforts for sustainable development
implement a holistic resources
management are limited.
in the Lake Chad basin.
management method at all
3. National local players poorly sensitised 4. Efforts targeted at removing the root
levels are strengthened.
to environmental concerns.
causes of water resources and 3. Civil society more responsive
4. Countries face growing environmental,
environmental degradation, both
to environmental protection
social and economic costs and a
current and future.
measures.
decrease in available natural resources,
4. The ecological sustainability
from degradation of the Lake Chad
of development activities in
basin system.
the Lake Chad basin will be
better assured, for each
country.
2 The baseline comprises only the directly relevant activities dealing with water policy and management. It does not include associated infrastructure investments
which are estimated to amount to approximately US$ 557million.
29
Global/Region
1. The policy framework for co-ordinating 1.
Strengthening of policy and 1.
Policy and incentive
al Benefits
river management of the Lake Chad
incentives for regional co-operation,
framework for effective
Basin is inadequate; regional co-
involving all main players, in order
regional cooperation for
operation is mainly limited to central
to remove institutional barriers and
addressing cross-border
and political levels. Donors, like others,
make international waters a catalyst
problems are politically
are not informed and involved.
for regional co-operation, instead of
supported through a regional
a source of potential conflicts.
agreement and basic
2. Lack of regional, sub-regional, national 2. Create institutional mechanisms to
agreements on
and local institutions able to co-ordinate
guide and co-ordinate national plans
policy/institutional/legal and
strategy and action to plan and manage
and actions within a common
financial adjustments at
finite and vulnerable international water
regional vision and framework.
national and sub-national
resources in a sustainable manner.
3.
Develop mechanisms for levels.
3. Limited avenues for public involvement
engendering public participation in 2. Establishment of institutional
in overall environmental management of
sound development planning and
framework across sectors, and
the Lake Chad system.
management at basin-ecosystem
across countries for
level.
addressing cross-border
impacts and regional
4. Lack of a common instrument able to 4. Building of an enabling environment
capacities are enhanced.
simulate long-term impacts of current
leading to a dynamic regional
decisions on regional stability and food
instrument able to aid regional 3.
Public participation in
security.
decisions for maximisation of
management increases the
sense of ownership of civil
5. Lack of common cross-borders activities
economic and social impacts, for all
society over management
for measuring water resources, for
countries and communities, and
efforts and in turn enhances
exchanging information, for analysing
minimisation of environmental prospects for sustainable basin
costs-benefits of alternatives, for
impacts.
development.
protecting wetlands and flood plains and 5. A set of horizontal activities are
for averting possible pollution threats.
launched across sectors and borders 4. A common long-term vision
in order to stimulate co-operation
for co-operative basin-wide
and capacity building.
water allocation, protection
and planning.
5. An applied strategy towards
integrated and sustainable
management of the
international waters of the
Lake Chad basin, is launched.
30
Output 1: An established Program Co-ordination Unit (PMU) and a Lead Agency in each of the participating countries to ensure inter-
sectoral co-ordination for duration of the project.
Cost/Benefit BASELINE (B)
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000-2003
INCREMENT (A-B)
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
Activity 1.1
No regional executing agent Recruitment of highly qualified Appropriate human capacities
Recruit the Project Manager is active in multi-level and consultants and experts to support developed to promote and support
(PROJECT MANAGER), public multi-disciplinary co- the full program implementation participatory practices, at all levels,
participation and communication ordination of I.W.R.M . during 4 years.
and to insure a permanent evaluation
expertise, and requisite technical, activities in connection with
and follow-up of transboundary
administrative and secretariat
existing projects.
activities.
support.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 1,014
Cost to GEF: 1014
Activity 1.2
An appropriate regional unit is
Create and organise the Program Co- No operational and technical
Creation of a PMU
equipped and organised in order to
ordination Unit (PMU) to facilitate support available for a full
efficiently deliver project outputs,
and co-ordinate the work program of regional project
give technical assistance and manage
the project.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 480 program activities. Cost to GEF: 480
Activity 1.3
Regular meetings between external Co-ordination of GEF actions with
Create and make provision for the
donors and UN and GEF technical UN and/or other donors.
conduct of meetings of the Co-
agencies
Cost to GEF: 120
implementation Task Force
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 120
Activity 1.4
In co-operation with the participating No inter-ministerial body at
Support for the creation, in each National co-ordination reconciling ,
countries and through the LCBC, country level for I.W.R.M. of country, of an Inter-ministerial at sub-national basin level, regional
create country specific Inter- Lake Chad national sub-
Committee for Lake Chad Basin development, land uses, food
ministerial Co-ordinating
basin .
(ICLCB) .
security, ecosystem health, and finite,
Committees to assist in the work
vulnerable natural resources.
specified in Activity 2.3 and output
3
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 475
Cost to GEF: 475
Activity 1.5
Support a Lead Agency for each No operational lead agency
Six national (small) secretariats in
participating country and a senior in each country
order to manage national
official to assume leadership of
components of the full program,
project activities and represent the
directed by a senior lead official, to
participating country in meetings of
ensure country program
the Project Steering Committee
coordination with the project.
(PSC);
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 500
Cost to GEF : 500
31
Output 2: Enhanced regional policy initiatives and institutional mechanisms to address transboundary issues beyond the project life
Cost/Benefit BASELINE
(B)
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000-
INCREMENT (A-B)
(US$ 1000)
2003
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
Activity 2.1 Review the current
LCBC staff salaries funded with Evaluation of LCBC functions, Strengthening the role of the
functions and responsibilities of the limited operational budget. Weak capacities and financial means LCBC is crucial to obviate the risk
LCBC with a view to strengthening operational capacity for Integrated and proposals in order to that individual countries will give
and improving its functional
Resources and Environment
strengthen this regional
priority to greatest domestic
capabilities and ensuring a
Management (I.R.E.M.) through organisation.
benefits without taking into account
sufficient level of finance for its
co-operation between stakehgolders Identification of needs and downstream Interests
operations;
at all levels. LCBC's role is mainly discussions to design terms of
at political level, and LCBC reference.
Type: Complementary ( not a
operational activities are of limited
national priority, necessary for
effectiveness. No evaluation of
overall benefits )
LCBC functions. Operational
budget of LCBC during 3.5 years.
Total : 2,352
Total: 2,427
Cost to GEF: 75
Activity 2.2
Limited operational support geared Updated national water
National water policies take into
Identify stakeholders in water toward changes in national/sub- policies
account transboundary water issues
resource and related land and basin water management, in
and encourage environmental
environmental policy
relation with environmental
protection
implementation in each country
protection and transboundary water
issues. FAC and UNDP/DESA
Type: Complementary (domestic
supports work in Chad. UNDP in
benefits but not a national priority)
Niger. KFW in RCA. WB in
Nigeria.
Total: 300
Total : 550
Cost to GEF: 250
Activity 2.3
During the PDF-B process, Follow-up and co-ordination
In support to the Convention
Through the PMU and the LCBC additional UNDP resources funded between three regional river
against Desertification,
co-ordinate activities with other DESA technical missions and basin programs (and possibly
harmonisation and optimisation of
related GEF projects in the Niger harmonised national consultations others in future) covering
E.A. approaches as a contribution
and Senegal River Basins including inside 10 countries of Lake Chad, almost all the Sahel region.
to a regional policy - at local,
technical exchanges and field visits Niger and Senegal basins. This led
national and basin levels - for an
as necessary.
to UNDP-GEF preparatory
integrated, concerted and
assistance (Lake Chad and Niger
sustainable management of water,
basins).
land and other resources in the
Sahel region.
Cost to GEF : 150
Total : 50
Total : 200
32
Activity 2.4
National development plans and Promotion of
Changes are promoted for National
Define and promote the integration projects are uncoordinated in Policy/institutional/legal/finan
plans and projects design in order
of transboundary water and
relation with the management of cial adjustments at national
to take into account up-dated
environmental policies into the water, and other basin common and sub-national levels by
national water policies
National Development Plans;
resources, and with the broad legal decrees
protection of those resources.
Study of consequences of
Type: Complementary (domestic
GEF-PDF-Project
each updated national water
benefits but not a national priority)
policy on national
development plans and on
major programmes or projects.
Total: 450
Total: 700
Cost to GEF: 275
Activity 2.5
Undertake an assessment of current, National legal frameworks
Facilitation of a harmonised
Enhanced cooperation facilitated
relevant agreements, protocols, generally do not take into legal framework for Integrated by harmonised legal national
conventions statutes and other consideration specific regulations Resources and Environment
frameworks concerning water.
relevant legal frameworks in each for integrated water management at Management (I.R.E.M).
country, including recommendations basin level, including
across sectors and countries,
Type: Complementary (domestic
for incentives and harmonised legal transboundary water issues and leading to enhanced co-
benefits for local sustainable
frameworks to enable an integrated environmental protection. LCBC operation.
development, necessary for overall
regional approach toward long-term meetings and contribution to the bi-
benefits)
management of the Basin's
lateral Niger-Nigeria commission.
resources;
Total: 517
Total : 741
Cost to GEF: 224
Activity 2.6 Establish the necessary Local existing development
Immediate implementation of Written, country-endorsed
structural arrangements for
projects see S.A.Plan funded by: an Interim Basin Committee agreement with specific
participating countries to review, World Bank, FED, BAD, FIDA, for Strategic Planning.
mechanisms to improve the
harmonise and co-ordinate
CFD/FAC, KFW, DANIDA,
International agreement on integration of water
uses
frameworks, regulations and
Netherlands, UNDP, UNICEF, principles of co-operation
management, and the co-ordination
approaches for the improved WWFÖ, without links at the level for sustainable and integrated of project supports, at sub-basin
transboundary management of such of resources management: the sub- water management for
and basin levels basin.
issues as power generation,
basin.
reconciling, at basin level,
irrigation, downstream riparian
regional development, land Type: Complementary ( not a
considerations, fisheries, water
uses, food security, ecosystem national priority, necessary for
quality and effluent standards,
health, ( and other water uses), overall benefits )
diversions and consumptive uses,
and finite, vulnerable water
and the creation and use of economic
resources.
instruments;
Total : 0
Total : 150
Cost to GEF: 150
33
Output 3: Strengthened community level participation and education, involve stakeholders through development of local planning
initiatives (mini-Agenda 21's)
Cost/Benefit BASELINE
(B
)
ALTERNATIVE (A)
INCREMENT (A-B)
(US$ 1000)
2000-2003
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
Activity 3.1
Create and provide resources for a Steering
Committee for the creation local
.
development initiatives
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 90
Cost to GEF: 90
Activity 3.2
Support 15 local planning
Formulate and execute 15 consultations (3
initiatives for community
in each participating country)
level stakeholders to
establish their sustainable
development plans in line
with sub-basin planning
frameworks
Total : 1,292
Total : 2,042
Cost to GEF: 750
Activity 3.3
Lessons leaned from local
Support for 15 final workshop reports
consultations
including recommendations for pilot
projects in the SAP implementation phase
of the GEF project
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 75
Cost to GEF: 75
Activity 3.4
Lessons learned from co-
Support for preparation of a final report,
ordination between local,
including recommendations, to assist
national and regional
governments and the LCBC to begin
initiatives
implementation of key results from the
mini-Agenda 21 exercises
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 15
Cost to GEF : 15
Activity 3.5
No basin based methodology,
A country-agreed methodology for
Develop a regionally based methodology despite national projects with A designed basin
the conduct of EIS, with
for the conduct of environmental impact environmental components methodology
information and involvement of
studies, (EIS) ensuring provision of involving local stakeholders.
stakeholders.
stakeholder participation and the
Waza-Logone project and
communication of results to stakeholder specific studies on the Hadejia-
groups;
Nguru wetlands.
Total : 4,800
Total : 5131
Cost to GEF: 331
34
Output 4: A completed TDA and a synthetic framework for concerted management of the basin
Cost/Benefit BASELINE
(B)
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000- INCREMENT (A-B)
(US$ 1000)
2003
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
Activity 4.1
Piecemeal data collection in the With the support of each Updated knowledge of the
Compile existing scientific, hydro- framework of current local
national I.C.L.C.B. (created current status, location and
environmental and socio-economic development projects. No spatial with activity 1.4), country reliability, of existing data, data-
data and information (including data on existing situation, nor reports on a detailed inventory bases and GIS, in each country.
groundwater, aquatic ecosystems and extensive and reliable data
of existing relevant data and Existing data, information, and
water consumption). Prepare a concerning water resources, nor data projects, with an evaluation of information systems concerning
descriptive basin framework and concerning socio-economic and the quality of basic data, and of Lake Chad Basin are
establish key processes and hot-spots. environ-mental impacts of basin existing data bases and GIS. synthesised in a report for broad
Data and descriptive models to be resources uses. Loss of data Collection of data bases on distribution through LCBC.
hosted by the LCBC.
collected in the field by past and on- water resources in an agreed
going projects and duplication of sub-basin and basin framework.
effort. No regional synthesis of
available data and information
existing in each country.
Total : 2397
Total: 2672
Cost to GEF: 275
Activity 4.2
A data-gap analysis and a basin- Gap analysis of existing data Recommendations and program
Undertake a gap analysis of wide approach of monitoring are (physical and socio-economic of action to meet further needs
existing data to define further missing.
information), hydraulic models, for the establishment of a basin-
needs to the establishment of a
hydrological and groundwater wide monitoring network.
basin-wide monitoring network
models. Analysis of new
projects or recent studies
concerning: rainfall pattern,
climatic modifications, surface
water and groundwater
resources, regional impacts of
climate variability on
desertification and biodiversity
... Identification of needs.
Total: zero baseline
Total:
100
Cost to GEF: 100
35
Activity 4.3
National and regional
A finalized TDA.
Support for the development of key Hydrological measurement stations specialists and authorities
measures (e.g. updating of rating are generally abandoned or poorly finalise the TDA.
curves of existing hydrological reliable. Only one national project
stations to determine low flow and for water resources monitoring in a Key measurements of: low- A reliable scientific data base to
flood conditions, specific water part of Nigeria.
flows and flood discharges, be built at regional level during
quality measurements, peizometry ,
topography and salinity of the three years and lessons are
pumping tests and topographic Study of the Chari-Logone
Lake, water quality of rivers, learned of the actual situation
surveys) and the establishment of groundwater resouces (BMZ funded aquifer levels, and survey of in order to guide TDA , future
the hydrostratigraphy in Chad study)
flooding dynamics and
SAP implementation , priorities
Formation in order to refine and
recharges. Commission specific and methodologies of future
complete the TDA
hydrological studies on the two sub-programs.
main rivers and on the Lake
water-balance.
Total: 1,480
Total : 2,530
Cost to GEF: 1,050
Activity 4.4
A "Diagnostic Study of
First definition and agreement First step of achieving basin
Establish key environmental
Environmental Degradation" of the on key environmental
monitoring capability, beginning
indicators in the Lake Chad Basin old "conventional" basin (1990) and indicators and key physical with agreement on the definition
to verify compliance with existing recent analysis on basin resources, variability and uncertainties, of relevant indicators and with a
and future management plans and, current uses and constraints, for the Lake Chad Basin, in common understanding of the
ultimately, to assist in evaluating environmental threats,
relation with the objectives of level of countries compliance
SAP implementation.
transboundary issues and a Strategic existing management plans and with its national and regional
Action Plan are available.
of the Strategic Action Plan.
management plans or regulatory
structures.
A definition of key environmental
indicators for the Chad Lake basin is
missing.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 50
Cost to GEF: 50
Activity 4.5
Regional training in risk Regional agreement on
Develop risk analysis capability Risk alert system is limited to a assessment, focusing on
identified main risks and on
within the participating countries flood-alert system within Chad transboundary impacts related, remedial actions to be jointly
with the objective of, among other country.
or transported, with water implemented by countries, with
things, assessing regional-level
(agricultural, industrial,
the support of E.A.
hydro-environmental risk and
biological and natural risks).
identification of risk-management
National inventories and
systems and approaches; and
assessment of risks, and of
response/adaptive capabilities.
Common design of risk-
management systems and
approaches with the objective
of risk reduction.
Total: 100
Total : 275
Cost to GEF: 175
36
Activity 4.6
The Chari-Logone upper aquifer is The active BMZ and WB Additional work and
Assemble a basin-wide synthetic being investigated by a project projects and new GEF outputs assessment, in particular
framework for
funded by BMZ (German Govt.) and and commitment will be used concerning sub-basin links
surface/groundwater interaction
executed by UNESCO. The
by the PMU, the participating between groundwater and
within the Lake Chad Basin to pre- Komadogou-Yobe river and upper countries and the LCBC to surface water management, will
identify long term consequences of aquifer is also studied by the leverage other donors to be carried out, taking into
development alternatives
"National Fadama Development complete selected surface water account new needs and priorities
Project" in Nigeria, funded by the and groundwater assessment identified by the PMU.
World Bank and Federal Gvt. Of work and models within the
Nigeria. The Chari-Logone flood basin.
plain, and the Komadogou-Yobe
river have been modelised with
some assumptions concerning
infiltration and topography.
Total : 1,000
Total : 1,500
Cost to GEF : 500
37
Output 5: Regional Program Development and Demonstration projects to test methodologies, stakeholder involvement and
implementation modalities
Cost/Benefit BASELINE (B)
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000-2003 INCREMENT (A-B)
(1000 US $)
(1000 US $)
(1000 US $)
Activity 5.1
Develop and begin implementation of Protected areas have been Additional outputs of this Agreement and formulation
a regional program to improve existing identified in previous diagnostics component will be focused on of a regional program for the
and define new protected areas, and in PDF-B. New project has improved regional co-operation to coherent and participatory
including the creation of corridors to been recently formulated (Parc enhance existing protected areas, implementation of protected,
link existing and new protected areas
National de Manda in Tchad).
in relation with shared waters, cross-border corridors
with new protected international between protected areas.
corridors to be identified and Regional and participatory
discussed for implementation
contribution to the bio-
.
diversity conservation on the
basin.
Total : 1,058
Total: 1,358
Cost to GEF: 300
Activity 5.2
Some projects mainly in Niger and In addition to the threatened Identify and devise tested
Develop and begin implementation of Chad without regional co-
Kanem dunes and Goudoumaria's solutions for land
a regional program, including
operation to address cross-border
oasis ponds, three other pilot degradation and for the
establishment of five pilot
water impacts and/or
demonstration sites will be conservation of threatened
demonstration sites, to protect harmonisation of good practices
implemented in Nigeria and aquatic ecosystems, in
immediately threatened aquatic
Cameroon, with a strong emphasis particular those of key
ecosystems
on stakeholder participation and drought sensitive ponds and
technology transfer. Joint
lakes. Subsequent
(regional) detailed inventory, formulation of an appropriate
evaluation and program
regional program.
formulation
Type: Complementary
(domestic benefits but not a
national priority)
Total : 748
Total: 1,248
Cost to GEF: 500
Activity 5.3
Some projects and activities
Develop a regional program after Regional agreement on joint
Develop a regional program aimed at mainly in Nigeria without regional full assessment of the current
assessments of water
reducing growing water demand with co-operation to address cross-
situation (technical, economic,
management in five hot-spots
an emphasis on identified hot-spots border impacts of water demand
social, environmental) in five
site. Local agreement on
identified in the LCB Strategic Plan.
management.
selected demonstration sites, with workable alternative of water
a strong emphasis on stakeholder
demand management. Design
participation.
of an appropriate regional
program involving 5
demonstration projects.
Total: 3,068
Total: 3568
Cost to GEF: 500
38
Activity 5.4
In co-operation with affected
Support development of a regional Limited activities, mainly in stakeholders (public, private, local First step for a concerted
mechanism to create and implement a Central African Republic, without populations, professional
joint effort to prevent future
regional program to anticipate future regional co-operation to address associations, and fishermen)
pollution threats.
pollution threats and build capacity to cross-border water impacts
implement a regional mechanism
prevent their occurrence
capable of discussing survey
results and the design of a future
regional program to prevent
pollution threats.
Total: 750
Total: 1000
Cost to GEF: 281
Activity 5.5
Completed projects in Cameroon - Support a pilot demonstration A basin approach to flood
Support a regional mechanism to develop and in Nigeria: Waza project, and project to test the efficacy of plain management has been
integrated basin approaches (including Hadejia project with limited altering current upstream
developed and tested , in
floodplain management) in the
regional co-operation to address regulation to provide water to particular to provide water to
Kamadagou-Yobe and Chari- Logone sub- cross-border water impacts, and sensitive wetlands downstream.
sensitive wetlands
basins. Using with full stakeholder without full integration of water -Develop two regional programs downstream
participation, design and initiate basin management of dam releases,
for Komadogou-Yobe and Chari
development and management plans, with current and long-term water uses, Logone sub-basins, for a sub-
supporting decision aid tools, to maintain aquifer recharges and downstream basin integrated approach to flood
the integrity of sensitivewetlands impacts on wetlands and human plain long-term management.
systemsdownstream and promote
habitats.
sustainable development.
Total: 3300
Total: 4250
Cost to GEF: 950
Activity 5.6
Incorporation of project results
Feedback of demonstration results into
into the design of the SAP
SAP design
Total: Zero baseline
Total: 50
Cost to GEF: 50
39
Output 6:Donor support mobilised for GEF SAP and LCBC Plan implementation. Finalisation of the TDA and regional agreement on
GEF SAP
Cost/Benefit BASELINE
(B)
ALTERNATIVE (A) 2000-2003
INCREMENT (A-B)
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
(US$ 1000)
Activity 6.1
Development and implementation of a
plan for continuing donor contact.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 75 (Project Manager-
Cost to GEF: 75
Activity 1.1)
Activity 6.2
Planning and implementation of 2 donor
In kind contribution from riparian
conferences, one shortly after GEF
countries
project approval and one immediately
prior to SAP implementation.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 90
Cost to GEF: 115
Activity 6.3
No strategic programme National and regional specialists and A TDA and SAP in GEF
Develop and finalise the SAP through
to address transboundary authorities finalise the SAP, through format.
the use of Inter-ministerial Co-
is available
a multi-sectoral dialogue in each
ordinating Committees and the LCBC
country. (see activity 1.4)
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 150
Cost to GEF : 175
Activity 6.4
Preparation of donor conference reports
and development of a strategy for
ongoing project finance.
Total : Zero baseline
Total : 10
Cost to GEF: 10
TOTALS 23,662
33,262
1,080,000
40
ANNEX 2:
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK (LOGFRAME)
Intervention Logic
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Sources of Verification
Assumptions and Risks
Long-term Objective
· Develop and
· a co-operatively developed and
· PMU documents
· Continued country commitment to
implement measures
approved framework and co-
· PSC Meeting agendas and minutes
a regional approach.
that ensure Lake
ordination mechanism for regional · Project committee and workgroup
· Project capacity to adequately
Chad achieves
and national interventions on behalf
meeting agendas and minutes
conceptualise and implement a
sustainability through
of the participating countries.
· Terms of Reference/Work plans
community based approaches for
concerted, integrated · Improved national and regional
pilot demonstration projects.
management of its
capacities for the long-term
· Key regional institutions and
linked land and water
sustainable development of the
national governments working co-
resources.
resources of the Lake Chad Basin.
operatively.
· Increased donor interest in and
· Negative changes in economic
support for the efforts of the
political and social conditions may
participating countries and the
detract from country commitment
LCBC to achieve a sustainable
to a regional approach.
future for the Basin.
· Documented, substantial
stakeholder participation in the
work of the project.
41
Output 1: Project Mechanisms: An established Program Co-ordination Unit (PMU) and nominated lead agencies to drive and co-ordinate TDA
completion, pilot projects, policy initiatives and institutional linkages.
· Effective intra and
· PMU created
· PROJECT MANAGER and other
· The PMU will facilitate the work
inter project co-
· Co-implementation PTF created.
PMU staff employed/contracts
program of the project and create
ordination and
· Country-specific Interministerial
issued/terms of reference defined.
necessary linkages with the LCBC, the
support.
Committees (IMCs) established.
· PSC meeting agendas and minutes.
regional entity that has been
· Country Lead Agencies and senior · IMC meeting agendas and minutes.
designated by the countries to act on
lead officials designated.
· Purchase orders/contractual
their behalf.
· Formalised (country-endorsed)
agreements/ and training records
· The Executing Agency will move
TDA and SAP.
· Documented increased level of
quickly to hire the PROJECT
· Project plan to effectively interact
governmental participation in
MANAGER. Delay in the hire of the
with related, regional GEF IW
regional fora.
PROJECT MANAGER will have a
projects. · Increased extent to which explicit
cascading effect of delays for the hire
· Increased country commitment for
regional positions are formed for use
of support staff and the formulation of
regional level participation in
in various global fora.
work plans.
project related global fora.
· Formalised, published TDA and SAP · The countries will be willing to
· Increased capacity to create
documents.
quickly designate Inter-ministerial
national benefits through enhanced · Formalised arrangements/agreements
Committee members, and senior
transboundary management regime.
between and among Implementing
officials, who have sufficient policy-
(move to Output 2)
Agencies/project regions re. Inter-
level standing to enhance prospects for
project co-operation and
timely implementation of project
collaboration.
results.
· Written records and reports of inter- · IAs and cross-project country
project communications, workshops
representatives will see it in their best
and cross-project field trips.
interests to participate in inter-project
co-ordination and co-operative
activities.
· Short-term national needs may
outweigh increased level of
participation in regional fora.
42
Output 2: Strengthened Basin Governance. Enhanced regional policy initiatives and institutional mechanisms to address transboundary issues
· Enhanced
· New and updated national water
· Copies of updated national water
· Countries see the long-term benefit
transboundary
policies in each country that take
policies and NAPs.
deriving from a regional approach to
institutional
into account transboundary water
· Approved work plans for reviews of
water use issues. The risk is that
mechanisms
issues, encourage environmental
relevant legal frameworks.
individual countries will give priority
protection and are incorporated into · Approved workplan for review of the
to those uses that accrue to the greatest
NAPs.
functions and authorities of the
domestic benefit without taking into
· Specific recommendations to effect
LCBC.
account downstream interests.
changes in existing relevant legal · Written report and recommendations
Strengthening the role of the LCBC is
frameworks to enhance prospects
for effecting changes in existing legal
crucial to mitigating this danger.
for an integrated regional approach
frameworks.
· Countries may seek to develop
to long-term, sustainable basin
· Written recommendations and
alternative, bi-lateral approaches to
management.
country-commitment to bring about a
resolving existing and future potential
· Specific, country-endorsed, and
more effective LCBC.
disputes rather than taking a broader
implemented proposals to create a · Written, country-endorsed
regional approach. Again,
more effective LCBC.
agreements with specific mechanisms
strengthening the role of the LCBC is
· Improved, regional agreements to
to improve the extent to which
crucial to obviating this risk.
improve transboundary
transboundary considerations,
· A risk is that countries will not be
management of power generation,
especially downstream, are taken into
willing to make national legislative or
irrigation, downstream riparian
account in power generation,
regulatory changes that are narrowly
considerations, fisheries, water
irrigation, and other water uses.
targeted to one portion of the country.
quality and effluent standards,
· Written, country-agreed methodology
This risk can be mitigated by
diversions and consumptive uses,
for the conduct of EIS.
developing regional approaches that
and creation of economic
· Agendas and minutes of relevant
minimize the extent to which existing
instruments.
PMU and IMC meetings.
country-wide legislation needs to be
· Country-agreed, regionally-based · Interviews at targeted sites with key,
altered.
methodology for the conduct of
affected stakeholders
environmental impact studies.
43
Output 3:
Strengthened engagement of user groups
· Development of
· Steering Committee established.
· Relevant agendas and meeting
· As with the pilot demonstration projects,
community-based
· 15 pilot demonstration sites (3 in
minutes of the PMU, 15
a key assumption is that there will be the
mini-Agenda 21's.
each participating country)
implementation committees, and the
necessary, close linkages between and
selected.
BCSP.
among the PMU, LCBC, BCSP,
· Terms of Reference, community
· Site visits and interviews with key
participating countries and participating
based implementation groups, work
participants.
communities to effectively implement
plans, and timetable for completion · Documents describing the process
the min-Agenda 21 activity. Again, the
for 15 sites.
and results of community efforts to
successful involvement of community-
· 15 final reports including
develop mini-Agenda 21's.
based stakeholders during the PDF-B
recommendations for
would indicate that this level of
implementation and further
involvement can be accomplished.
activities in the next project phase.
· Another key assumption is that the
· Final report summarizing the
experience of the 15 communities will
overall exercise in developing mini-
be sufficiently useful to future planning
Agenda 21's.
purposes that other communities will
want to replicate the experience during
the next project phase and beyond.
44
Output 4: A completed TDA and a synthetic framework for concerted management of the basin
· Enhanced scientific · Country reports on existing,
· Country reports on existing, relevant · The Inter-ministerial Committees are
knowledge of the
relevant data and information
data and information.
working effectively. Without effective
Lake Chad Basin.
collected and stored within the
· Data and information synthesis
IMC involvement quality and reliability
PMU.
report.
of data will likely be inadequate.
· Data and information synthesised in · Copies of results of gap analyses.
· Sufficient co-operative and efficient
agreed basin framework.
· List of agreed upon, key
linkages are created between and among
· Gap analyses and program of action
environmental indicators.
the PMU, LCBC, the IMCs and
to meet further identified needs.
· Reports describing extent of country
stakeholders to develop the products
· Key environmental indicators
compliance with management plans.
described in this Output.
defined.
· Written material describing country-
· Study and results of the extent of
agreed risk-alert system.
country compliance with existing
· Reports describing work products
management plans completed.
associated with surface-groundwater
· Report describing, evaluating and
assessments and the identification of
ranking regional-level hydro-
hot-spots.
environmental risks.
· Agendas and minutes of relevant
· Study and results of potential risk
PMU and IMC meetings.
management systems and
· Additional donors leveraged to begin
approaches.
work on the remaining diagnostic
· Basin wide synthetic framework of
basins
surface-groundwater interactions
completed.
· Key Lake Chad Basin water-
resources processes and hot-spots
identified.
45
Output 5: Demonstration projects to test methodologies, stakeholder involvement and implementation modalities.
· Formulation of
· Improved downstream protection · Agendas and meeting minutes of
· Existing, formal country endorsement of
regional programs,
for sensitive wetlands.
pertinent PMU, LCBC, IMC and
the Strategic Action Plan will translate
implementation
· Country-approved regional
Stakeholder Meetings.
into country commitment for joint action
arrangements and
program developed to define new · Existence of regional agreement
to implement its key recommendations.
implementation of
and improve existing protected
defining and agreed to
Incentive to do so is the incremental
pilot projects to carry
areas.
implementation arrangements for the
funding offered by the GEF, the
out the most urgent · Newly established corridors
establishment of new protected areas
leveraging capacity that is generated for
priority actions
connecting existing and new
and connecting corridors.
the countries through the presence of the
identified in the
protected areas.
· Documents describing the process of
GEF, and the likelihood, given
Strategic Action
· Regional program, including five
regional program development and
successful project implementation, of a
Plan.
pilot demonstration sites, developed
the regional programs themselves.
follow-up GEF SAP implementation
to protect immediately threatened · Documents describing pilot
project.
aquatic ecosystems.
demonstration sites, criteria for
· The PMU, participating countries and
· Regional program, including five
selection, stakeholder participation
the LCBC will be able to work together
pilot demonstration sites, developed
strategy, and pilot demonstration
with communities and stakeholders in
to create alternative livelihoods to
activities an results.
the pilot demonstration projects. This is
those requiring intensive,
· At-site interviews with community-
seen as likely given the positive
unsustainable water use.
based stakeholders at pilot
experience of community involvement
· Anticipatory and preventative
demonstration sites.
during the PDF-B.
mechanisms developed by the
· Documents describing the process
· Perceived benefits of participation may
countries to avoid future pollution
and results of country efforts to
be insufficient to attract full range of
related threats and problems.
develop anticipatory and preventive
stakeholders.
· Country-developed regional
mechanisms for pollution threats and · Project aims may be seen as inconsistent
mechanism for flood plain
events.
or competing with local interests.
management.
· Documents describing the process
and results of country efforts to
develop a regionally based flood
management program.
· List and description of written
materials publicly disseminated.
46
Output 6:
Donor support mobilised for GEF SAP and LCBC Plan implementation
· Hold two donor
· Donor conferences planned and
· Relevant agendas and minutes of the · A key assumption is that suitable levels
conferences and
executed.
PMU and the PSC.
of co-operation can be established and
increased donor
· Systematic procedure established to
maintained between the UNDP and the
participation
use the GEF project to leverage
WB and that the LCBC and the
throughout the life of
other donors for direct and indirect
participating countries will be actively
the project and
support to project activities.
involved in preparation for and
beyond.
· Increased donor support for direct
attendance at the donor conferences.
and indirect assistance to project
This assumption seems well-grounded
related activities.
in that IA co-operation has already
begun between this project and other
projects in the region under the auspices
of both the UNDP and the WB.
47
ANNEX 3: LETTERS OF ENDORSEMENT
48
49
50
51
52
ANNEX 4: STAP ROSTER TECHNICAL REVIEW
REVIEW OF REVISED PROPOSAL FOR LAKE CHAD -
RAF 95G48
By Nii Boi Ayibotele
1. GENERAL
The Revised Proposal has addressed the concerns raised in the first review.
a) The presentation is clearer. This has been achieved by:-
i) rearranging the material in the first proposal and elaborating it with additional information
from the annexes. The background to the project has been made easier to appreciate by
presenting the land and water resources management issues in the LCB within various
contexts (viz Hydrological, Environmental, System Boundary, Socio-Economic, Policy and
Institutional).
ii) Highlighting the transboundary issues in a way as to enhance the justification for the Project.
b) However, the background could be further enhanced by including:-
i) A map of the project area somewhere between paras 1 to 4 (preferably after para 4). This is
already available in one of the Annexes. It will help to focus attention on the reading.
ii) A table of the Socio-economic and Land cover/Land use indicators by country in para 5. This
will buttress the Persistent Rural Poverty described in para 9.
iii) A brief description in para 13 of the institutional set ups at the local levels in the riparian
countries and their performance in implementing national initiatives. This will throw light on
the basic constraints that the project will eventually grapple with either at the pilot stage of
Phase I or the full implementation stage of Phase II.
iv) The achievements and constraints of LCBC and also recent attempts to restructure it.
2.
RELEVANCE AND PRIORITY
These stand high and cannot be assailed.
3. APPROACH
The approach has been made clearer by linking the project with relevant activities at national levels. (Eg.
Data and information, investments in water resources infrastructures, water resources management,
environmental protection) . Annex 1 provides useful information on this.
4. OBJECTIVES
The objectives in the revised proposals have been converted into outputs. These have been rearranged
and rephrased, to achieve the Purpose of the project in the short and medium term.
53
The importance of achieving local benefits within the global benefits as the long term objective has been
emphasized.
5.
BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
It is evident that, relevant information available in the Annexes have been extracted and incorporated in
the revised draft. This has provided additional information and strengthened the background and
justification.
6. ACTIVITIES
The activities and log frame are still appropriate and valid.
7. PROJECT
FINANCING
Fuller information about the project financing has also been provided in Annex 1. The contributions that
on-going projects with or without donor assistance can make to the project have been indicated.
8. TIME
FRAME
The inclusion of the Work Plan in Annex 2 is very useful. However:-
i) It is doubtful whether the enhanced policies and institutions which require legislation to be passed in
the parliaments of 5 countries can be accomplished in 2½ years.
ii) Knowing what it takes to work with communities at the local level, it appears optimistic that the pilot
phase can be accomplished in 2½ years. There are 15 projects, (3 in each of 5 countries) to be
executed.
Hence, in view of inevitable problems and delays that will attend organising local level activities for the
testing the institutional mechanisms and implementation methodologies, a 5-year rather than 4- year time
frame appears more realistic. This should however not increase project cost.
9.
RATIONALE FOR GEF SUPPORT
The land and water problems are regional and cover a wide area. They are also transboundary. Hence
they satisfy GEF's conditionalities for assistance within its International Waters Portfolio and Land
Degradation component.
54
ANNEX 5
RESPONSE TO STAP TECHNICAL REVIEW
The majority of the comments are supportive of the project and do not require comment here,
however:
1. The reviewer suggests that the text include several maps and tables that are presently in the
various annexes. Specifically: a map of the area, a table of socio-economic and land
cover/land use indicators by country; a brief description of the "institutional set ups at the
local levels in the riparian countries and their performance in implementing national
activities"; and the achievements and constraints of LCBC and attempts to re-structure it.
Due to space constraints these, together with a number of additional maps and tables, have
bee included in the optional annexes.
2. The reviewer concludes that "it is doubtful whether the enhanced policies and institutions
which require legislation to be passed in the parliaments of 5 countries can be accomplished
in 2.5 years." He is correct. While the project brief calls for a review of existing legislation
and other legal mechanisms affecting the Lake Chad Basin it does not state or imply that the
requisite changes will all be in place after the 4 years of project implementation. It is
important to keep in mind that this is a SAP preparation project and that the next stage, i.e.
SAP implementation, is the phase during which the identified legislative changes actually
occur.
3. The reviewer also states that "it appears optimistic that the pilot phase" i.e. the pilot projects
"can be accomplished in the 2.5 years." The 2.5 year time frame is tight and we recognize
that implementation will be challenging. We continue to believe, however, that the 2.5 years
is a manageable frame for the outputs that are envisaged.
55
ATTACHMENT 1: DETAILED PROJECT BUDGET (INPUT)
Budget Description Output/ Exec.
Total
AOS 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Line
Activity Agency Budget
(Operations)
$
$
$
$
$
$
10 Personnel
1100 Project Staff International/Regional
1101 Project Coordinator 4 yrs.
ALL
UNOPS
600,000 48,000 180,000 140,000 140,000 140,000
1102 Project Financial Officer and
ALL UNOPS
205,000
16,400 55,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
Administrative Assistant
1103 Consultants/Public
ALL UNOPS
225,000
18,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 75,000
Participation/Community
Involvement/Community Assessment
1104 Consultants/Update and Report on
A4.1 UNOPS
50,00
0
4,000 20,000 25,000
5,000
Existing Information and Data in Each
Country and Regionally
1105 Consultants/Monitoring System
A4.2/4 UNOPS
40,00
0
3,200 15,000 25,000 10,000
Development
1106 Consultants/Update/Finalize TDA
A4.3
UNOPS
40,000
3,200 15,000 15,000 10,000
1107 Consultants/Groundwater Expertise
A4.6
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10,000
1108 Consultants/Hydrogeologists
A4.6
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10,000
1109 Consultants/Modelling
A4.6
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 10,000 15,000 10,000
5,000
1110 Consultants/ GIS Development
A4.1-6 UNOPS
40,000
3,200 15,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
1111 Consultants/Land-Water Interactions-
A5.1 UNOPS
30,000 2,400
5,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
Desertification-Land Degradation
1112 Consultant/Wetlands Ecology
A5.3
UNOPS
25,000
2,000
5,000 10,000
5,000
5,000
1113 Consultant/Integrated Ecosystems
A5.3 UNOPS
35,00
0
2,800 10,000 20,000
5,000
Management
1114 Consultants/Project M&E
M&E
UNOPS
50,000
4,000
15,000
20,000
1115 Consultants/Hydrometric
A4.6
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 10,000
56
1119 Socio-economic analysis (Expert Analysis) A5.1/3 UNOPS
60,000
4,800 10,000 15,000 15,000 20,000
1199 Component subtotal
1.600M.
128,000
1300 Administrative Support National
Support Staff
1301 PMU Secretarial Assistance
A1.1
UNOPS
80,000
6,400 15,000 15,000 20,000 15,000
1302 PMU Admin Assistance
A1.1
UNOPS
55,000
4,400 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
1399 Component subtotal
135,000 10,800
1500 Monitoring and Evaluation/TPRs
1501 Duty Travel
UNOPS
30,000 3,600
15,000
15,000
1502 UNDP/TPR
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 12,500 12,500 12,500 12,500
1503 UNDP/Mid-Term Review
UNOPS
25,000
2,000
30,000
1504 UNDP/Final Review
UNOPS
30,000
2,400
30,000
1599 Component subtotal
135,000 10,800
1600 Mission Cost
1601 Mission Costs/PMU
O1
UNOPS
250,000 20,000 60,000 70,000 60,000 60,000
1602 Consultants Mission Costs/DSA
O3/4/5 UNOPS
1,044,00
0 83,520 204,000 247,000 285,000 235,000
(International/Regional/National )
1699 Component subtotal
1.294M. 103,520
1700 National Professional Project Personnel
1701 National Program Coordinator/Cam.
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1702 National Program Coordinator/CAR
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1703 National Program Coordinator/Chad
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1704 National Program Coordinator/Niger
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1705 National Program Coordinator/Nigeria
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1706 National Program Coordinator/Sudan
A1.5
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 12,500 25,000 25,000 12,500
1707 Community Coordinators (12)
A3.2-4 UNOPS
200,000 16,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
1708 Experts/Information and Data Updates
A4.1
UNOPS
30,000
2,400 10,000 20,000
1709 Experts/Monitoring System Development A4.2/4 UNOPS
65,000
4,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
57
1710 Experts/Update and Finalize TDA
A4.3
UNOPS
71,000
5,680 40,000 40,000 10,000
1711 Experts/Water Resources Experts
A4.5/6 UNOPS
70,000
5,600 30,000 30,000 10,000 10,000
1712 Experts/Land Degradation
A5.1
UNOPS
60,000
4,800
5,000 15,000 15,000 10,000
1713 Experts/Wetlands Ecology
A5.3
UNOPS
55,000
4,400 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
1714 Experts/Integrated Ecosystems Mngmnt. A5.3
UNOPS
30,000
2,400 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
1715 Natural Resources Field Personnel
O3/4/5 UNOPS
35,000
2,800
5,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
1716 Natural Resource Data Specialists
O3/4/5 UNOPS
40,000
3,200
5,000 15,000 10,000
5,000
1717 Translations/Interpretation
ALL
UNOPS
100,000
8,000 20,000 20,000 30,000 30,000
1799 Component subtotal
1.206M. 96,480
19 Component Total
4.370M
30 Training/Fellowship/Meetings
3201 Steering Committee, PSC
A1.3
UNOPS
70,000
5,600 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
3202 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/Cam..
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3203 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/CAR
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3204 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/Chad
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3205 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/Niger
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3206 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/Nigeria
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3207 Inter-Ministerial Meetings/Sudan
A1.4
UNOPS
35,000
2,800 10,000 10,000 10,000
5,000
3208 Training/LCBC Staff
ALL
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10,000
3209 Training/Country Personnel in GIS,
O4 UNOPS
75,00
0
6,000
Modelling, and Other Relevant Skills
3209 Training/Country and Local Personnel
O5 UNOPS
50,00
0
4,000
5,000 10,000 20,000 15,000
Related to Pilot Demonstration Activities
3209 Meetings for Local Planning Initiatives
O.3
UNOPS
100,000
8,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 25,000
3210 2 Regional Workshops/TDA Development A4.3
UNOPS
50,000
4,000 25,000
25,000
3211 5 Country Workshops/TDA Development A4.3
UNOPS
70,000
5,600 25,000 25,000 20,000
3212 4 Expert Workshops to Assess Progress on O4 UNOPS
80,00
0
6,400 20,000 20,000 40,000
Output 4 and Related Activities
3213 Meetings on Public
ALL UNOPS
105,00
0
8,400 20,000 50,000 25,000 10,000
Participation/Community
Involvement/Community Assessment
58
3299 Component subtotal
927,500 74,200
39 Component Total
927,500
40 Equipment
4501 Office Operation and Maintenance
O1
UNOPS
250,000 20,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 70,000
4502 Computing Equipment/Hardware-Software O1
UNOPS
125,000 10,000 75,000 40,000 10,000
4503 Imagery and GIS product production
O4/5
UNOPS
120,000
9,600 50,000 25,000
4504 Project Vehicles
ALL
UNOPS
115,000
9,200 50,000
4505 Field Communication equipment
ALL
UNOPS
75,000
6,000 60,000 15,000
4506 Piezometers and Piezometer Construction A4.3
UNOPS
350,000 28,000 100,000 250,000
4507 Hydrometric Monitoring equipment
O4/5
UNOPS
100,000
8,000 100,000 100,000
4599 Component subtotal
1.135M 90,800
49 Component Total
1.135M
52 Reports
5201 Printing and Publication of interim reports O1
UNOPS
30,000
2,400
5,000
7,000
7,000 11,000
5202 Printing and Publication/TDA Materials
O1
UNOPS
25,000
2,000
5,000 10,000
5,000
5,000
5205 Miscellaneous reporting
O1
UNOPS
7,500
600
2,000
2,000
3,500
5206 Project Audits
O1
UNOPS
20,000
1,600 10,000
10,000
5299 Component subtotal
82,500 6,600
59 Component Total
82,500
90 Project Total (operational)
6,515,000
Project Support Cost (8%) (Total AOS)3
521,000
100 GRAND TOTAL
7,036,000
03 AOS rounded to 521,000 from 521,200.
59
ATTACHMENT 2: PROJECT TIMETABLE
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Project Component / Activity
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Output 1: Project mechanisms for TDA and SAP
Recruit project personnel
Establish the PMU
Establish the Co-implementation PTF
Establish Inter-ministerial Committees
Support country Lead Agencies
Output 2 Enhanced Policies and Institutions
Review LCBC
Identify
actors
National Development Plans
Legal
Frameworks
Structural
arrangements
Linkage
methodology
Output 3: Engagement of stakeholders
Steering
Committee
s
Undertake
Consultations
Hold
workshops
Prepare
recommendations
Regeional
methodology
Output 4: TDA and Synthetic Framework
Compile
dat
a
Gap
analysis
Key measures and finalise TDA
*
Environmental
indicators
Risk analysis and assessment
Synthetic framework
Output 5: Demonstrations
+=
Pre-identification (WB PDF-B) and Identification
++
++ ++ ++
Protected
areas
Threatened aquatic ecosystems
Demand
management
Mitigation of pollution threats
Sub-basins
Demonstration
feedback
Output 6: GEF SAP and Donor support
Donor
cont
act
Donor
conferences
*
*
SAP
Development
through
ICCs
*
SAP finance plan
60
ATTACHMENT 3
Institutional Arrangements
Preface
It should be noted that the GEF project described in this project document is a pre-SAP implementation
project which will emphasize completion of a TDA, the development of a five country, Lake Chad Basin-
wide Strategic Action program the implementation of which will be the subject of a follow-on GEF
project with substantial, additional country and donor co-finance. Since submission and approval of the
Project Brief Sudan has decided to become a member of the LCBC. Thus a challenge for the project will
be to successfully integrate Sudan into the work of the project, particularly in the development of the full
TDA and the SAP. A major outcome of this project will be to build country and regional capacity, the
latter largely through capacity building initiatives for the Lake Chad Basin Commission, undertaken
during this first project. It is intended that during this initial project the LCBC will work closely with the
Executing Agency (UNOPS) and simultaneously assume distinct execution responsibility for certain
project activities. A specific execution responsibility of the LCBC will be activities associated with the
pilot demonstration activities that are described in a separate Annex to this document
Implementing Agencies
The UNDP and the World Bank will be the GEF Implementing Agencies for this project. The UNDP and
World Bank are two of the formally designated GEF Implementing Agencies and are accountable to the
GEF for all aspects of project implementation. The Implementing Agencies of the Project will work
through the Steering Committee and through their respective Monitoring and Evaluation procedures to
meet their obligations to the GEF and their respective internal requirements. The UNDP and World Bank
will endeavor to coordinate their respective GEF and Agency requirements, particularly in the area of
Monitoring and Evaluation, to maximize project resource efficiencies.
Executing Agency
The Executing Agency for the project will be the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS).
UNOPS has the comparative advantage of experience in the successful management of UNDP-GEF
International Waters projects. Specifically, UNOPS has the comparative advantage of being experienced
in ensuring that personnel are well-positioned to offer to the Project Management Unit the expert services
that it will require to ensure adherence to standard UNDP practice with regard to, among other things, the
hiring of personnel, the transport of personnel to duty stations, recruitment processes, contracting,
equipment purchase and disposition rules and regulations, and the coordination of monitoring and
evaluation functions. The UNOPS itself is a project management entity, and as such does not involve
itself in the execution of substantive project activities. Thus the UNOPS will work through the Steering
Committee to involve other executing partners for specific project activities based on their comparative
advantage. A major objective of this project is to build capacity within the LCBC. The LCBC will be
involved in certain specific elements of project execution, with regard to, among other elements, the pilot
demonstration activities described in this project document. The exact modalities of LCBC's project
execution role will be determined during the early stages of full project implementation and will be the
subject of a Memorandum of Agreement between the UNOPS and the LCBC.
Project Steering Committee
The Project Steering Committee will be comprised of a representatives of the two GEF Implementing
Agencies, one member from the Executing Agency, one member designated from each of the
participating countries, and two representatives of the LCBC. The Executive Secretary of the LCBC shall
Chair the PSC. The Project Manager of the Project shall serve as an ex-officio member of the PSC.
Other members may be added to the PSC at the discretion of the PSC at any time. The more precise
61
functions of the PSC are to be found in the Terms of Reference which follow this Annex.
Project Management Unit
The Project Management Unit, or PMU, will provide a coordination and management structure for the
development and implementation of the UNDP-GEF Lake Chad Basin project in accordance with the
rules and procedures of GEF/UNDP and based on the general guidance provided by the Project Steering
Committee (PSC). The PMU will be comprised of the Project Manager, the Director of Finance and
Administration, and other members of the PMU as will be determined by the Project Manager.
The Project Manager shall be responsible for the overall coordination of all aspects of the Project in
general and in particular. He/she shall liaise directly with designated officials of the Participating
Countries, the Implementing Agencies, the Executing Agency, UNDP Country Offices, World Bank
Country Offices, existing and potential additional project donors, National Focal Points, and others as
deemed appropriate and necessary by the PSC or by the Project Manager him/her self. The budget and
associated work plan will provide guidance on the day-to-day implementation of the approved Project
Document and on the integration of the various donor funded parallel initiatives. He/she shall be
responsible for delivery of all substantive, managerial and financial reports from and on behalf of the
Project. He/she will provide overall supervision for all GEF staff in the Project Management Unit.
Inter-Ministerial Coordinating Committees
Each of the Participating Countries shall convene an Inter-Ministerial Coordinating Committee (IMCC).
The LCBC will assist the countries in this activity. Each IMCC will function to coordinate country level
activities necessary to the formulation of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and the Strategic
Action Program (SAP). As part of country specific TDA activities each country will formulate and
prioritize its project related, country specific activities on a sector by sector basis. Further, working with
and through the Project TDA formulation process, they will determine, in priority sequence, the
transboundary issues that confront the Lake Chad Basin as a whole. Each Participating Country shall,
with the assistance of the LCBC, name a Lead Country Official who will Chair the IMCC. Provision has
been made for staff assistance to each of the designated Country Chairs. Limited financial provision has
also been made for meetings of each country IMCC.
Following is an organogram depicting the relationships between and among the various project
institutions:
62
Attachment 4 BASIC ORGANOGRAM FOR GEF/LCBC PROJECT
LCBC
Ministerial
Council
PSC
-LCBC (Chair+1)
-Member States
(6)
-UNDP(1), WB(1)
-EA(1)
OTHERS
LCBC
Executive
Secretariat
(On-Going
Projects
IMCs
Science
- Cameroon
Executing
Advisory
- Chad
Agency
Board
- C.A.R.
- Niger
- Nigeria
- (Sudan)
Administr
M
Yearly
PCU
ative
+E
Review
(LCBC
Matters
Secretariat)
63
ATTACHMENT 5
Monitoring and Evaluation Details
As a result of the emphasis placed on results-based management, it has become mandatory for all GEF
projects to develop a detailed Monitoring & Evaluation workplan at the inception of the activities. For
purposes of this project, the monitoring and evaluation overall plan will begin with the development of
IW critical indicators as described in this project document. One of the responsibilities of the PROJECT
MANAGER will be to update the M&E workplan which will allow for a critical assessment of project
performance by showing the schedule of the activities, their cost and the expected outputs and
achievements according to the established benchmarks and milestones. The workplan will be the main
tool for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the project.
This document generally, and more specifically the logframe in this document and logframe being
developed for the WB components, will be used to identify relevant Process Indicators, Stress Reduction
Indicators, and Environmental Status Indicators that will serve to inform the M&E process and be adopted
by the participating countries. These three indicators will be more explicitly identified and incorporated
into the project as project outputs after year one of the project, and completion of the negotiations
necessary to form the BCC would be a Process Indicator at the end of the project. Another especially
important Process Indicator will be the updated SAP that will be created by the end of year four of the
project. The project logframe has been specifically designed in a way that lends itself to the
straightforward identification of Process, Stress Reduction, and Environmental Status Indicators.
During year one of the project, the PMU will identify the relevant Process Indicators (PIs), Stress
Reduction Indicators (SRIs) and Environmental Status Indicators (ESIs) relevant to the project. These
indicators will be reviewed as part of the initial monitoring and evaluation exercise and upon their
adoption will become a basis for the ongoing monitoring and evaluation process. The Logframe Analysis
incorporated into the Project Brief and the respective logframes of the IAs shall be used in significant
measure to assist in the identification of the relevant indicators. It is expected that as with many other
GEF IW projects, many of the indicators to be employed during the life of the project will be PIs. These
would include, inter alia, such indicators as the establishment and successful functioning of the PMU and
the creation and functioning of the Interministerail Committees envisaged in the project. SRIs might
include, inter alia, revised legislation and other national and regional changes in or additions to
regulations and practices, economic and social benefits for the participating countries, harmonized and
implemented common approaches to land degradation issues, and specific improvements in the capacity
of the LCBA to effectively address regional issues related to the work of this project. While ESIs are
likely to become more apparent after the life of the GEF project, there are likely to be some ESIs that are
likely to be realized during implementation. These ESIs would include, inter alia, the successful
completion of the pilot demonstration activities.
In addition to the monitoring and evaluation described above, monitoring of the project will be
undertaken by a contracted supervision firm, and by a balanced group of experts selected by the IAs. The
extensive experience by the IAs in monitoring large programs will be drawn upon to ensure that the
project activities are carefully documented. There will be two evaluation periods, one at mid-term and
another at the end of the Program.
64
The mid-point review will focus on relevance, performance (effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness),
issues requiring decisions and actions and initial lessons learned about project design, implementation and
management. The final evaluation will focus on similar issues as the mid-term evaluation but will also
look at early signs of potential impact and sustainability of results, including the contribution to capacity
development and the achievement of global environmental goals. Recommendations on follow-up
activities will also be provided.
Approximately US$200,000 is allocated for the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and Tri-partite
Reviews (TPRs) which will be undertaken by independent experts and the IAs. This figure will be the
subject of ongoing review and budgetary adjustments will be made as necessary. An additional
US$45,000 (UNDP and WB) is committed to project audits. The evaluation process will be
carried out according to standard procedures and formats in line with GEF requirements. The process
will include the collection and analysis of data on the Project and its various Outputs and Activities
including an overall assessment, the achievement of clearly defined objectives and performance with
verifiable indicators, annual reviews, and description and analysis of stakeholder participation in the
Project design and implementation. Explanations will be given on how the monitoring and evaluation
results will be used to adjust the implementation of the Project if required and to replicate results
throughout the region and globally. As far as possible, the M&E process will be measured according to a
detailed workplan and a Logical Framework Analysis approach developed and tabulated in the respective
project documents of the IAs.
While distinct, Monitoring and Evaluation are yet "interactive and mutually supportive" activities:
Monitoring is a continuous process of collecting and analyzing information to measure the progress of a
project toward expected results. Monitoring provides managers and participants with regular feedback
that can help determine whether a project is progressing as planned.
Evaluations are periodic assessments of project performance and impact. Evaluations also document
what lessons are being learned from experience.
Generally, individuals involved in managing a project are charged with monitoring. By contrast,
individuals independent of project operations conduct evaluations.
Reporting is the systematic and timely provision of essential information. It is an integral part of the
monitoring and evaluation function.
Monitoring, reporting and evaluation are management functions which could also be described as
observing project progress (monitoring), documenting the observed information (reporting) and assessing
on the basis of the above (evaluating).
Monitoring and systematic reporting must be undertaken for all regular and medium-size projects
regardless of duration and budget. A chart describing standard M&E practices, timing of activities, and
responsibilities for those activities follows.
65
STANDARD M&E ACTIVITIES, TIMEFRAMES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES4
ACTIVITY RESPONSIBILITIES
TIMEFRAMES
1. Drafting Project Planning
Project proponent, together with
Documents: Prodoc,
UNDP/GEF staff, project
During project design stage
Logframe (including
development specialists and other
indicators)
stakeholders
Project Proponent, together with
UNDP/GEF staff, project
2. M&E Plan
During project design stage
development specialists and other
stakeholders
At the beginning of project
3. Inception Report
Project Implementation Team
implementation
4. Work Plan
Project Implementation Team
Annually
The Governments, UNDP Country
5. Annual Programme/
Office, Executing Agency, Project
Annually
Project Report (APR)
Team, UNDP/GEF Task Manager5,
and Target Groups
The Governments, UNDP Country
Office, Executing Agency, Project
6. Tripartite Review (TPR)
Annually
Team, UNDP/GEF Task Manager,
and Target Groups
Annually, immediately
7. Tripartite Review Report
UNDP Country Office
following TPR
UNDP Country Office, UNDP/GEF
8. Project Implementation
headquarters, Project Team, GEF's
Annually, between June and
Review (PIR)
M&E team, UNDP/GEF Task
September
Manager
At the mid-point and end of
Project team, UNDP/GEF
9. Mid-term, Final and Ex-
project implementation; Ex-
headquarters, UNDP/GEF Task
post evaluations
post, about two years after
Manager, UNDP Country Office
project completion
UNDP Country Office, UNDP/GEF
At least one month before
10. Terminal Report
Task Manager, Project Team
the end of the project
At least once in the life of
Executing Agency, UNDP Country
11. Audit
the project (see section on
Office, Project Team
audit)
1The unit in bold has the lead responsibility.
66
Attachment 6
Reporting Requirements
and
Legal Context
Ongoing project reporting will be provided in accordance with established UNDP procedures and will be
provided by the UNDP Country Office with support from UNDP- GEF. Overall supervision of the
Project will be the responsibility of the Project Manager.
Reporting
The Project support Unit will be responsible for the preparation and submission of the following reports:
(a)
Inception Report (IR)
The inception report is to be prepared by the Project Manager with the assistance of the project
experts as relevant. The IR will be prepared no later than three months after project start-up and
will include a detailed Workplan and Budget for the duration of the project, progress to date on
project establishment and start-up activities and any proposed amendments to project activities or
approaches. The report will be circulated to all the parties who will be given a period of one
calendar month in which to respond with comments or queries. The report will also be reviewed
by UNDP - GEF to ensure consistency with the objectives and activities indicated in the Project
Document.
(b) Annual Programme/Project Report (APR)
The Annual Project Report (APR) is designed to obtain the independent views of the main
stakeholders of a project on its relevance, performance and the likelihood of its success. The APR
aims to: a) provide a rating and textual assessment of the progress of a project in achieving its
objectives; b) present stakeholders' insights into issues affecting the implementation of a project
and their proposals for addressing those issues; and c) serve as a source of inputs to the Tripartite
Review (TPR). The main project stakeholders participate in the preparation of the APR.
The APRs will be prepared every six months during the first year of the project, and then
annually. The APRs will detail activities undertaken since the last APR, milestones reached, key
results and achievements, problems encountered and any other issues that need to be highlighted.
(c)
Periodic Status Reports
As and when called for by the Project Manager, the government or UNDP, the Project Manager
will prepare Status Reports, focusing on specific issues or areas of activity as stipulated by the
querant. The request for a Status Report will be in written form, and will clearly state the issue or
activities which need to be reported on. These reports can be used as a form of specific oversight
in key areas, or as troubleshooting exercises to evaluate and overcome obstacles and difficulties
encountered. The parties are requested to minimise their requests for Status Reports, and when
such are necessary will allow reasonable timeframes for the preparation of these Reports.
(d) Technical
Reports
Technical Reports are detailed documents covering specific areas of analysis or scientific
specialisations within the overall project. As part of the Inception Report the Project Manager
will prepare a draft Reports List, detailing the technical reports that are expected to be prepared
on key areas of activity during the course of the Project, and tentative due dates. Where
necessary this Reports List will be revised and updated, and included in subsequent APRs.
Technical Reports may also be prepared by external consultants as Final Reports for their
technical inputs, and should be comprehensive, specialised analyses of clearly-defined areas of
67
research within the framework of the project and its sites.
(e) Project
Publications
Project Publications will form a key method of crystallising and disseminating the results and
achievements of the Project. These publications will be scientific or informational texts on the
activities and achievements of the Project, in the form of books, journal articles or multimedia
publications. These Publications can be based on Technical Reports, depending upon the
relevance, scientific worth, etc. of these Reports, or may be summaries or compilations of a series
of Technical Reports and other research. The Project Manager will determine if specific
Technical Reports merit formal publication, and will also (in consultation with the government
and other parties and with the help of external specialists and staff where necessary) plan and
produce these Publications in a consistent and recognisable format and identity. These
Publications will form the most visible public output of the Project, and as such should be
prepared and presented to the highest scientific and technical standards.
(f)
Project Terminal Report
During the last three months of the project the Project Manager will prepare the Project Terminal
Report. This comprehensive report will summarise all activities, achievements and outputs of the
Project, lessons learnt, objectives met and missed, structures and systems implemented, etc. and
will be
the definitive statement of the Project's activities over the five-year duration. It will also lay out
recommendations for any further steps that may need to be taken to ensure sustainability and
replicability of the Project's activities.
(g)
Other Publications and Publicity Activities
In order to ensure international dissemination of project results, a high-quality publication of
results will be prepared, based upon the Project Terminal Report and previous Project
Publications. Finally, it will be useful to hold at least one international workshop at which policy
makers in neighbouring countries can be made aware of the country's progress in achieving the
project's goals.
Tripartite Review (TPR)
The tripartite review (TPR) is the highest policy-level meeting of the parties directly involved in the
implementation of a project. The project will be subject to Tripartite Review (TPR) at least once every
twelve months by representatives of the Government, the executing agency and UNDP, and the first such
meeting to be held within the first twelve months of the start of full implementation. The Project Support
Unit shall prepare an Annual Project Report (APR) and to submit to UNDP. The APR must be ready two
weeks prior to the TPR.
The APR will be used as one of the basic documents for discussions in the TPR meeting. The National
Project Manager presents the APR to the TPR, highlighting policy issues and recommendations for the
decision of the TPR participants. The NPD/CTA also informs the participants of any agreement reached
by stakeholders during the APR preparation on how to resolve operational issues. Six-monthly APR's
will be provided during the first two years of the project to ensure that design and inception activities are
closely monitored, and subsequently the APR will be done on an annual basis. Separate reviews of each
state component may also be conducted if necessary. Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators will be built
into the project in consultation with UNDP.
Terminal Tripartite Review (TTR)
The terminal tripartite review is held in the last month of project operations. The Project Management
Unit is responsible in preparing the Terminal Report, and to submit to UNDP. It shall be prepared in draft
68
sufficiently in advance to allow review and technical clearance by the executing agency at least two
months prior to the terminal tripartite review. The Terminal Report will serve as the basis for discussions
in the TPR. The terminal tripartite review considers the implementation of the project as a whole, paying
particular attention to whether the project has achieved its immediate objectives and contributed to the
broader environmental objective, and decides whether any actions are still necessary.
Project Implementation Review (PIR)
A major tool for monitoring the GEF portfolio and extracting lessons is the annual GEF Project
Implementation Review (PIR). The PIR has become an essential management and monitoring tool for
project managers and offers the main vehicle for extracting lessons from ongoing projects.
The PIR is mandatory for all GEF projects that have been under implementation for at least one year at
the time that the exercise is conducted. A project becomes legal and implementation activities can begin
when all parties have signed the project document. The PIR questionnaire is sent to the UNDP country
office, usually around the beginning of June. It is the responsibility of the Project Manager to complete
the PIR questionnaire, with the oversight of the UNDP Country Office.
Mid-term Evaluation
An independent Mid-Term Evaluation will be undertaken at the end of the second year. The Mid-Term
Evaluation will focus on the effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness of project implementation; will
highlight issues requiring decisions and actions; and will present initial lessons learned about project
design, implementation and management. Findings of this review will be incorporated as
recommendations for enhanced implementation during the final half of the project's term. The
organisation, terms of reference and timing of the mid-term evaluation will be decided after consultation
between the parties to the project document.
Final Evaluation
An independent Final Evaluation will take place three months prior to the terminal tripartite review
meeting, and will focus on the same issues as the mid-term evaluation. The final evaluation will also look
at early signs of potential impact and sustainability of results, including the contribution to capacity
development and the achievement of global environmental goals. The Final Evaluation should also
provide recommendations for follow-up activities. The organisation, terms of reference and timing of the
final evaluation will be decided after consultation between the parties to the project document.
Regular Monitoring and Evaluation
The project will also be closely monitored by the UNDP Country Office through quarterly meetings or
more frequently as deemed necessary with the Project Manager. This will allow to take stock and to
trouble shoot of any problems pertaining to the project quickly to ensure smooth implementation of
project activities.
Section I: Legal Context
This Project Document shall be the instrument envisaged in the Supplemental Provisions to the Project
Document. The host-country implementing agency shall for the purpose of the Supplemental Provisions
to the Project Document, refer to the co-operating agency described in the Supplemental Provisions.
All activities stipulated in the Project Document shall be implemented accordingly. However, should
there be a need to make changes/modifications to any of the agreed activities, all signatories of the Project
Document must concur, before such changes are made.
69
The following amendments may be made to the original Project Document, even if they are signed only
by the UNDP Resident Representative, provided the latter assumes that all other signatories of the Project
Document have no objections to the amendments:
· Revisions in, or additions to, any of the Annexes of the Project Document with the exception of the
Standard Legal Text for non-SBAA countries which may not be altered and the agreement to which is
a pre-condition for UNDP assistance.
· Revisions which do not result in a major changes in the project's immediate objectives or outputs, and
which are attributable to a reordering of the activities or inputs in order to improve the realisation of
the objectives or the outputs.
· Necessary yearly revisions which are made to reorganise the provision of already scheduled inputs, to
reflect an increase in the cost of expert services or other services due to inflation.
The executing agent designated on the cover page to this project document has been duly delegated by
UNDP and the government coordinating authority to carry out this project and accordingly will follow
UNDP and UNOPS accounting, financial reporting and auditing procedures set forth in the following
documents as may be amended by UNDP from time to time.
· The Accounting and financial reporting procedures set out in UNDP Programming Manual and
UNOPS Handbook
· The UNDP Audit Requirements set out in the UNDP Programming Manual.
The above documents are an integral part of this project document although incorporated herein only by
reference. They have already been provided to the government and said executing agent.
Auditors to the project will be officially designated. Such auditors, and/or other officially appointed
auditors shall undertake periodic management and financial audits of the project in accordance with
UNDP auditing procedures.
In addition, all accounts maintained by UNOPS for UNDP resources may be audited by the UNDP
internal Auditors and/or the United Nations Board of Auditors or by public accountants designated by the
United Nations Board of Auditors.
70
ATTACHMENT 7
Project Terms of Reference
Terms of Reference
Project Manager
Duration:
4 Year Fixed Term
Date required:
1 July 2002 (Estimated)
Duty station:
N'djamena, Chad with travel within the Project region (CAR, Chad, Niger, Nigeria,
Sudan) as required. Some international travel outside the region will also be required.
Project Purpose:
The long-term objective of the GEF project is to achieve global environmental benefits through concerted
management of the naturally integrated land and water resources of the Lake Chad Basin. The specific
purpose of the project is to overcome barriers to the concerted management of the basin through well-
orchestrated and enhanced collaboration and capacity building among riparians and stakeholders.
Transboundary issues have already been identified and agreed by five member States of the Lake Chad
Basin Commission (LCBC) in the regional LCB Strategic Plan. Stage I of GEF support will therefore
involve completion of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and lead to the formulation of a GEF
supported Strategic Action Programme (SAP). The SAP will include necessary baseline and additional
actions to address the priority transboundary issues and provide an essential monitoring and evaluation
tool for implementation. Stage I will require the development and testing of set of institutional
mechanisms and implementation methodologies that explicitly link regional, national and local initiatives
in land and water management. Additionally, it will involve preparation of a basin-wide synthetic
framework in which transboundary priorities can be addressed and project interventions monitored. Stage
II of GEF will support full-scale implementation of the GEF SAP. The project provides for a process of
formal endorsement of the GEF SAP by the participating governments, support to the translation of SAP
provisions into national policy and legislation, and the mobilisation of institutional and investment
resources for its implementation.
General Responsibilities:
The Project Manager shall be responsible for the overall coordination of all aspects of the Project in
general and in particular. He/she shall liaise directly with designated officials of the Participating
Countries, the Lake Chad Basin Committee, the Implementing Agencies, the Executing Agency, UNDP
and World Bank Country Offices, existing and potential additional project donors, National Focal Points,
and others as deemed appropriate and necessary by the PSC or by the Project Manager him/her self. The
budget and associated work plan will provide guidance on the day-to-day implementation of the approved
Project Document and on the integration of the various donor funded parallel initiatives. He/she shall be
responsible for delivery of all substantive, managerial and financial reports from and on behalf of the
Project. He/she will provide overall supervision for all GEF staff in the Project Management Unit.
Specific Duties
The Project Manager will have the following specific duties:
· Be responsible for the effective management of the PMU, its staff, budget and imprest fund;
· Prepare an Annual Work Plan of the program on the basis of the Project Document, under the
general supervision of the Project Steering Committee and in close consultation and
coordination with National Focal Points, GEF Partners and relevant donors;
· Coordinate, monitor and be responsible to the PSC for implementation of the work plan;
· Ensure consistency between the various program elements and related activities provided or
71
funded by other donor organizations;
· Prepare and oversee the development of Terms of Reference for consultants and contractors;
· Coordinate and oversee preparation of the substantive and operational reports from the
Program;
· Foster and establish links with other related GEF programs and, where appropriate, with other
relevant regional International Waters programs;
· Be an ex-officio member of the PSC and be responsible for the preparation, organization, and
follow-up necessary to the effective conduct of PSC business; and
· Submit quarterly reports of relevant project progress and problems to the PSC.
Qualifications:
· Post-graduate degree (preferably a Ph.D.) in Water Resources, Environmental Management,
or other professional area directly related to the work of the Project;
· Extensive experience in fields related to the assignment. At least ten years experience as a
senior Project Manager;
· Demonstrated and considerable diplomatic and negotiating skills;
· familiarity with the goals and procedures of international organizations preferred, in
particular those of the GEF and its partners (UNDP, the World Bank, the African
Development Bank, and current and future potential additional donors);
· excellent English speaking and writing skills;
· existing French speaking and reading capability;
· previous work experience in one or more of the participating countries preferred, and
previous work experience in the region on issues related to the project favorably considered;
· ability and willingness to travel extensively; and
· demonstrable skills in information technology.
72
Terms of Reference
Director of Finance and Administration
Duration: 4 Year Fixed Term
Date Required:
1 July, 2002 (Estimated)
Location: N'djamena, Chad
Background: The PMU will provide a coordination and management structure for the development and
implementation of the UNDP/WB GEF Project in accordance with the rules and procedures of the
GEF/UNDP, as executed through the UNOPS, and based on the general guidance provided by the Project
Steering Committee (PSC). The PMU is comprised of the Project Manager, Director of Finance and
Administration, Public Participation and Communications expertise, requisite administrative and
secretarial personnel, and other contractors/consultant personnel as necessary.
Tasks:
Under the supervision of the Project Manager, the Director of Finance and Administration will manage
the day to day operations of the PMU, particularly with respect to finances and accounting. His/her
responsibility area will cover provision of technical services, procurement (including importation,
permits, etc.), personnel matters (in close cooperation with the counterpart staff of UNOPS and the UNDP
and WB Country Office) and record keeping (including computer-based records). The post holder will be
responsible for liasing as appropriate with the LCBC and the IAs and will, as delegated by the Project
Manager, supervise the work of other PMU support staff. More specifically the Director of Finance and
Administration shall:
· Provide assistance to the Project Manager, as directed by the Project Manager, in organizing,
co-ordinating, directing and supervising specified activities under the project;
Finance
· Manage the Project Impress account; carry out functions of Certifying Officer for the Impress
Account;
· Be responsible for monthly imprest reports and obligation control status reports to UNOPS;
· Review, analyze, monitor and report expenditure against approved budgets and/or authorized
expenditures;
· Provide advice and guidance on financial, budgetary, and administrative matters and prepare
budget revisions as and when necessary;
· Prepare cash flow forecasts in consultation with the Project Manager;
· Prepare monthly bank reconciliation statements for all Project accounts;
· Prepare quarterly and annual financial statements for the Project;
· Liaise with the UNDP and World Bank external auditors as necessary and assist in
responding to audit inquiries and financial management letters;
· Monitoring performance against agreed financial performance indicators; and
· Preparing financial withdrawal applications and related disbursement schedules.
Program
· Provide assistance to the Project Manager in development of annual Work Plan for the
73
Project;
· Prepare Terms of Reference and contracts for international and national consultants,
subcontractors and support staff, and evaluate performance;
· Plan and implement project investments of procurement/monitoring equipment in liaison with
the ICPDR and its Expert Groups;
· Support the Project Manager to liaise with the LCBC and other entities as may be required
for the successful implementation of Project activities;
· Cooperate with UN agencies, NGO's and Donors on implementation of Program activities;
· Develop as necessary programs and concepts for meeting, workshops and training courses;
· Organize and supervise, as necessary, the implementation of workshops and meetings and
support other organization activities;
Qualifications
· A Bachelor's Degree in business administration or a related filed, or equivalent, demonstrated
experience in financial management of projects;
· knowledge of financial regulations and procedures of the UN System and budget keeping for
an international project is essential and in particular experience in UNDP/GEF and UNOPS
financial procedures will be highly favorably considered;
· good organizational, interpersonal and communication skills;
· familiar with and, ideally, possessing work experience in the Lake Chad Basin countries and
with donors and NGOs;
· computer proficiency and knowledge of Visual Imprest, MS Office and Internet applications;
· Fluency in French required and fluency in, and ability to communicate in writing in English
very favorably considered;
74
Terms of Reference
Project Coordination Unit
Duration: 4 Years
Location: N'djamena, Chad
Background: The PMU will provide a coordination and management structure for the development and
implementation of the UNDP/WB-GEF Project in accordance with the rules and procedures of
GEF/UNDP, as executed through the UNOPS, and based on the general guidance provided by the Project
Steering Committee (PSC). The PMU is comprised of the Project Manager, Director of Finance and
Administration, Public Participation and Communications expertise, requisite secretarial and
administrative services, and other contract/consultant personnel as necessary.
Tasks:
· Assure effective and efficient Program Management (substantive, financial, logistical and strategic).
· Facilitate networking between and among project entities, national officials ( Cameroon, CAR, Chad,
Niger, Nigeria, Sudan), Implementing Agency personnel, cooperating partners such as UNDP and
WB Country Offices, National Focal Points, existing and potential co-financers, other related GEF
projects, and others as appropriate and necessary;
· Organize technical cooperation activities between and among related projects participating;
· Organize project related consultative meetings for introducing and implementing program activities
(including arrangements for such necessities as simultaneous translation and the production of
documents in English and Portuguese);
· Collect and disseminate information on policy, economic, scientific and technical issues related to the
Project;
· Prepare progress reports (administrative and financial) concerning Project activities;
· Prepare and arrange the logistics necessary to Implementing Agency and other GEF related
Monitoring and Evaluation Meetings;
· Establish and assist in networking between specialized institutions in participating countries and
technical specialists from elsewhere;
75
Terms of Reference
Project Steering Committee (PSC)
Duration: Four Years
Background:
The Project will have a Project Steering Committee comprised of one representative from each of the GEF
Implementing Agencies, one member from each of the Participating Countries, two members from the Lake Chad
Basin Commission, one member from the Executing Agency (UNOPS), and other members as may be deemed
necessary by the PSC itself. The Project Manager will serve on the PSC in an Ex-Officio capacity. The
Executive Secretary of the LCBC shall serve as Chair of the PSC. More specifically the PSC shall:
· Assume oversight responsibility for the project;
· Meet at least on an annual basis or at the call of the Chair;
· Provide general guidance and direction to the Project;
· Assist in identifying and allocating Project support for activities consistent with Project objectives;
· Annually review and assess the progress of the Project and its components;
· Annually review and approve the work plan and updated budgets of the Project and its activities;
· Provide strategic direction on the work plan;
· Provide guidance to the PMU in coordinating and managing the Project and its activities;
· Create mechanisms for interaction with the Private Sector, NGOs and other stakeholder
communities; and
· Continue to seek additional funding to support the outputs and activities of the project.
In addition to the above, the Executive Secretary of the LCBC shall serve as part of the selection committee for
the Project Manager.
76
Terms of Reference
Short and Long Term Regional and International Consultants
Short-term international consultants will give technical/expert inputs to the Outputs and specific
Activities of the project, act as resource persons, and give methodological guidance in organizing
meetings and workshops. Regional and International expertise will be required in the following general
categories (detailed Terms of References will be prepared by the Project Manager during project
implementation):
· Capacity Building of Regional Institutions;
· Policy Review and Reform;
· Public Participation and Involvement/Civil Society Engagement;
· Community Assessment;
· Monitoring Systems;
· GIS capability;
· Ecology;
· Integrated Water Resources;
· Groundwater Resources;
· Land Degradation and Desertification;
· Water Quality;
· Public Participation and Involvement/Civil Society Participation; and
· Other Areas as may be deemed necessary by the Project Manager.
77
Abbreviated Terms of Reference
Short and Long Term National Experts
National Experts, for both short and long term assignments, will be recruited from qualified candidates
from the participating countries to work at the national and regional levels. National Consultants will
play an important role in project execution to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that project
activities are country-driven and can reinforce the responsibility of the participating countries to produce
a coherent strategic plan for sustainable river basin management for the Senegal River Basin. The
following National Experts will be recruited. The detailed Terms of References will be prepared by the
Project Manager during project implementation.
National Experts will be recruited, as available, to assist the work of the project in the following technical
areas:
· Regional Institutional Capacity Building;
· Policy Review and Reform;
· Public Participation and Involvement/Civil Society Involvement;
· Monitoring Systems;
· GIS capability;
· Groundwater Expertise;
· Ecology;
· Water Resources;
· Integrated Ecosystem Management;
· Land Degradation and Desertification;
· Water Quality; and
· Other areas as may deemed necessary by the Project Manager.
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ATTACHMENT 8
Pilot Demonstration Activities
The following Pilot Demonstration activities were the subject of a PDF-C led by the World Bank. The
descriptions, activities, logframes, timetables and budgets have been the subject of numerous regional
consultations with the LCBC, government representatives, and other stakeholders in the participating
countries. A report of activities undertaken during the PDF-C will appear in the Project Appraisal
Document that will be submitted to the GEF by the World Bank.
It should be noted that the budgets that are a part of each of the following Pilot Demonstration Activities
are funds that have already been incorporated into the Detailed Budget which appears as Attachment 1 of
this Project Document.
Pilot Demonstration Activity #1
Short Title: Lake Chad Shoreline and Northern Diagnostic Basin Pilot Projects
Countries: Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria
Project Duration: 3 Years
GEF Budget: US$ 800,000
Co-Finance: WWF US$ 155,000; LCBC US$ 30,000; Cameroon US$ 30,000; Chad US$ 30,000; Niger
US$ 30,000; Nigeria US$ 30,000.
Preface:
As originally conceived the two pilots that are the subject of this activity were to be separate
demonstration activities. However, for reasons of the common theme that these two initiatives share, and
for reasons of efficiencies that can be captured by twinning these two demonstration activities they now
appear in the text that follows as two distinct but closely related initiatives having a common budget, a
single timeline, and a single logframe matrix. The common theme that unites these two demonstration
activities is that of protecting the integrity of Lake Chad's unique shorelines and the globally significant
biodiversity they harbor and assisting local populations to take a sustainable approach to the resources of
the shorelines area. It has been calculated that efficiencies to be realized by twinning these pilot
demonstration activities is over US$ 50,000.
Introduction/Brief Context:
Lake Chad and its associated wetlands exist in a dry land setting and thus form a quite unique and fragile
ecosystem. It is one of the major wetlands of the Sahel zone. The Lake biome plays a very distinct and
significant role in the ecology, hydrology and economy of the Lake Chad basin.
The hydrology of the lake is not fully understood but it is generally believed that, apart from large-scale
water abstractions (particularly irrigation schemes), existing activities and functions could easily be
maintained even at current very low levels of the lake. However, increasing population in the area, both
from the high natural birth rate and increased immigration from countries as far away as Mali and
Senegal. The area will come under increasing threat of degradation to the detriment of local populations
and the ecological integrity of the area. There is no proper understanding of water demand, and there is
not functional coordinated approach to water use and disposal in the sensitive shoreline zone of the lake.
Further, it is clear that a decline in rainfall has caused a serious threat to farming, pastoral and fishing
activities in the international Lake Chad Basin., leading to serious upstream and downstream degradation
of the ecosystem. To address this threat it is essential to combat land degradation including degradation
of vegetation, which is exacerbated by sand encroachment in areas on both sides of the Cha/Niger border.
Reversing degradation of soils in tributary basins will require efforts to promote sustainable water
management practices and preserve biodiversity. The chances for survival and reproduction of plant and
79
animal species will be improved through sand dune fixation by biological means (planting).
The selection of this pilot demonstration activity has been driven by:
· Recommendations from the LCBC and Member States;
· GEF guidelines in OP#9 of the GEF Operational Programs;
· The principles of integrated ecosystem management;
Pilot Project Areas:
Lake Chad Shorelines Component
Lake Chad and its shores perform a number of important functions such as water supply to polders,
recharge of groundwater in surrounding aquifers and the control of salinity and maintenance of water
quality. Additional to these functions, the lake supports biodiversity of global significance as well as
major economic activities that include fishery, livestock industry, water-based transport industry,
collection of non-wood forest products and receding moisture and irrigation agriculture.
A total of 120 species of fish have been identified in the lake and lower reaches of Chari River. There is
no reason to believe that fish stocks have diminished in recent years, and catches show no evidence of
overfishing. However, fishers are evidently using smaller mesh sizes and the uses of boats and outboard
motors have increased, thus bringing into question the longterm sustainability of the area fishery.
Further, because of changes in the lake environment since 1973, there have been considerable changes in
composition of fish species. The current estimates of annual fish production from the lake are 60,000 to
70,000 tonnes.
The most common crop production system on the Lake Chad shores is lake bottom cropping and receding
moisture cultivation. Villagers diversified from relying entirely on fishing to farming the emergent lake
floor as floodwaters receded. Since there has been no history of farming rights associated with this
activity, the practise represents a source of serious civil conflict. The performance of various irrigation
schemes developed in recent decades in Nigeria and Chad has been poor.
During the dry season, there is a large migration of herders into the Lake Chad shores. This leads to
intense competition for pasture which, combined with the absense of recognised management authority
over farmlands and pastures exposed by receding floods, could also cause serious civil conflict. There is
also a heavier disease burden on livestock when water borne diseases prevalent on the lake floor find a
favorable environment to flourish due to the mixing of large concentrations of livestock.
Lake Chad and its associated, highly variable shorelines are also an important site for global biodiversity.
The area is unique in the sense that it forms a specialised biotope with the presence of species that are not
normally found at the same latitude and in this type of climate. Lake Chad is an important stop on a
major route for Palaearctic migrant birds. About 70 species of birds move through, and depend on the
resources of the Lake basin each year, especially pintail Anas acuta (about half a million), garganey Anas
querquedula (about 400,000) and ruff Philomachus pugnax (about 130,000). The site qualifies for
inclusion in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. The Lake Chad sector in each of
the riparian countries has also been identified as a globally significant Important Bird Area (IBA).
Northern Diagnostic Basin Management Component
The intervention zone for the shoreline protection component of this demonstration activity covers the
districts of Diffa, N'Guigmi, and Maine-Soroa in Niger; and Bol, Liwa, and Rig-Rig in Chad. Project
interventions during this component will be restricted to a radius of 20 kilometers around the above
mentioned localities in order to optimize the use of technical services.
80
In Niger:
Located in the extreme east of Niger the Department of Diffa covers 140,000 sq. km. or 10% of Niger's
national territory. This department is divided into three districts: Maine-Soroa, Diffa, and N'Guigmi.
The population of Diffa, estimated at 210,000, consists of five major groups: the Kanouri, the Boudouma,
the Peul, the Tombou, and Arabs. To the east the plain is used for raising livestock, especially during the
rainy season when vast ponds appear. In the dry season it is generally abandoned as pasturelands become
exhausted. However, in the southern fringe, along the river, the farming population remains throughout
the year. Immediately north of the Komandogou, the Koala is pastoral plain where wells reach great
depths and livestock is pastured year round. To the west the N'Gurbaye is a vast region with scattered
"sinks", or pockets of arable land. The mineral natron is mined in this area. The sinks hold great hydro-
agricultural potential, and at present crops of red peppers, manioc, and maize are extensive. The rest of
the department consists of the vast Manga plateau, an area comprised of anchored dunes cut by broad
depressions where the water table is accessible at less than 30 meters.
In Chad:
The intervention zone in Chad covers the area of Kanem-Lac. Administratively the region is divided into
two departments, Lac and Kanem. The Lac department has an area of 22,300 sq. km., with Bol as the seat
of government. It is divided into three sub-preferences: Bol, N'Gouri, and Doum-Doum. The latter
oversees the post of Liwa. Kanem Department, the larger of the two, has Mao as its seat of government
and covers an area of approximately 114,000 sq. km. It also comprises the sub-prefectures of Mao, Rig-
Rig, and Mondo. The population of the entire lke prefecture is estimated to be 292,000, and that of
Kanem, 268,000. Apart from Bol and Mao, which have populations of 15,000 each, population
distribution favors small villages around the wadis. The dominant ethnic groups are the Kanembous, the
toundjous, the Kouris, the Boudoumas, the Arabs, and the Peul. In this region, where annual rainfall
amounts to less than 300 mm, Lake Chad plays a key role in the economy. There are three separate
hydrological zones:
1. The continental zone, inland from the lake, consisting of the Kanem erg. Irrigated crops are
the economic mainstay for the inhabitants of this area;
2. The intermediate zone. This zone is located along the lake shoreline. Many of the wadis of
this zone are flooded by the lake either seasonally or permanently. Flooding of these areas
permits the use of polders and recession agriculture. The proximity of the lake also makes
fishing a productive economic feature;
3. The island zone of the lake. Dominant economic activities in this zone include livestock
raising and fishing, with farming occupying a less salient economic niche.
A particularity of this region is the presence of edible blue algae in many of the wadis and pools. The
ecology of the intervention zone has given rise to an activity that is unique to the region: lacustrine
livestock raising, essentially Kouri cattle which brings significant dairy potential. In the absence of a
wildlife inventory it is difficult to assess the number of local species and thus whether or not these species
are in imminent danger of depletion to the point of extinction or are being utilized sustainably. It is
known however that local species include geese, ostrich, and ungulates.
General Objectives:
To test and promote the joint (transboundary) management of the Lake Chad shoreline through
transboundary implementation of RAMSAR Convention guidelines and combat desertification in the
northern basin of the Lake through the development of community based adaptive strategies.
Stakeholders:
· Local communities and sub-sectors within these communities
· Environment and development agencies of national governments
81
· Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC)
· Non-governmental organizations
· Populations in the villages of Bol, Liwa, Rig-Rig, Diffa, N Guigmi, and Maine-Soroa;
· Local governments; and
· Environmental and development agencies and NGOs in Chad and Niger.
Specific Objectives:
· Development of effective regional and national project co-ordination structures
· Development of a Management Plan and Monitoring Scheme
· Development of Community Resource-Use Action Plans
· Capacity building at local, national, and regional levels
· Knowledge Dissemination and development of a final report on lessons learned
· Establish a framework for local and tranboundary coordination for the coordinated and sustainable
use and management of local resources. This activity will involve: creating local and transboundary
coordinating entities; producing documents and other communication strategies for farmers and
migratory groups; and two workshops in Chad and two in Niger for collaborating stakeholders.
· Protect strategically important agricultural sites in project intervention zones. This activity will
involve: preparation of a report on activities underway in the zone for implementing the
Desertification and Biodiversity Conventions; training local populations to control sand build-up;
preparing an inventory of pastoral resources and local knowledge; supporting efforts to artificially
restore pasturelands; and producing a report on water quality and pollution in the basin.
· Test mechanisms for joint management of natural resources: and
· Create greater synergies in implementing a program of joint management consistent with the
provisions of the Conventions on Desertification, Climate Change, and Biodiversity.
Expected Outputs:
· A joint management implementation structure in place;
· A joint management plan and monitoring scheme for Lake Chad and its associated, highly
variable shorelines produced according to RAMSAR guidelines;
· Natural Resource-use action plans and sectoral codes of conduct developed and implemented in
4-6 communities selected according to agreed criteria;
· The capacity of selected local communities and the four national government agencies
strengthened to undertake the Ramsar Management Planning process;
· An approach develop0ed and adopted by the participating countries for extension of the results of
this demonstration activity to other shoreline areas in the basin;
· A final report of the activity and conclusions of the activities of this demonstrated project and
lessons learned;
· Local and transboundary coordination structures in place for the sustainable exploitation and
management of local resources; and
· The documented protection of strategic sites in the target area.
Executing Arrangements: WWF-International, the Nigerian Conservation Foundation, and the
RAMSAR Convention will execute that portion of the demonstration activity related to their finance.
Upon the formation of the PMU, discussions will take place between and among the WWF,
representatives of the Ramsar Convention, the LCBC, the participating countries and the PMU to
determine final execution modalities, including the location for the project office.
Indicative Budget Summary:
The total indicative budget for this demonstration activity is US$ 1,105,000. Of this amount the GEF
82
contribution is US$ 800,000. The GEF contribution will be apportioned as follows:
Personnel6:
US$
237,000
Capital Purchases:
US$
187,000
Operating Costs: US$
197,000
Training: US$
60,000
Meetings:
US$
53,600
AOS (8%):
US$
60,400
Project Total:
US$
800,000
A more detailed budget appears as Appendix 3 of this pilot demonstration activity.
06 Includes both International and national Experts.
83
LAKE CHAD SHORELINE MANAGEMENT PLAN AND SHORELINE PROTECTION MEASURES
Objectives
Outputs/Outcomes
Indicators of performance
Means of verification
Risks and Assumptions
1. Effective regional and
Establishment of operational
·
PMU & PPTs fully established
·
Pogress reports;
·
PMU and PPT
project coordination
PMU and Pilot Project Teams.
and operational;
·
MOUs
operationality and
·
Effective working relationship
·
Integrated Work Teams
coordination;
developed between elements of
the GEF Project team and
WWF.
2. Stakeholder
Capacity
Target communities capacity
·
Relevant modules,
·
Report and program;
·
Appropriate modules and
building and empowerment;
effectively enhanced and
training and courses
courses/modules document
training provided to relevant
strengthened.
provided ;
·
List of trained participants;
stakeholders;
·
Awareness and education;
·
Seminars and workshops;
·
Inclusiveness of relevant
·
Strong structure basis
institutions and stakeholder
established for the
groups;
continuity of activities in
the long term;
3. Protection of Lake Chad
Protection of the international
·
RAMSAR designations
·
RAMSAR designations received; ·
Means and capacity to work
Shrorelines
shorelines of Lake Chad
achieved;
·
Specific approaches to securing
effectively in remote and
consistent with RAMSAR
·
Specific and ongoing working
the long term involvement of the
sometimes insecure areas;
protections and in cooperation
relationship with the CCD
CCD developed in written form
·
Commitment of relevant
with the CCD.
achieved;
and available in the PMU;
institutions and stakeholders;
·
Joint management structure
·
Country commitments received in
achieved;
writing and available in the PMU;
·
Natural resource action plans in ·
Long term management structures
six communities;
in place and functioning;
·
Documented protection of
·
Concrete evidence of changed
strategic sites in the shorelines
approaches to achieve sustainable
area.
use of shoreline resources;
4. Combat Desertification in
Protection of strategically
·
Action plans in targeted
·
Action Plans developed and
·
Means and capacity to work
the Northern Diagnostic
important sites in the Northern
communities developed;
available in the PMU;
in difficult and sometimes
Basin of lake Chad
Diagnostic Basin;
·
Strategically important
·
On-site visits by representatives
insecure areas;
agricultural sites protected;
of the PMU and independent
·
Successful involvement of
M&E personnel;
stakeholders in the
·
Evidence of the involvement of
preparation of the guidelines;
the CCD in the effort;
·
Community level
commitment to the process
and to the longer term
sustainability of project
approaches and results.
84
Shorelines/Shoreline Protection Measures/Timetable
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Activity
Establish and Operationalize Project PMU
*
Procure/provide vehicles and equipment
*
Select/Sign MOU with Executing Agency/Shorelines
*
*
Recruit/Sign MOU with Executing Agency/Northern Diagnostic
*
Basin (NDB)
Devise Workplan for Lake Chad Shorelines, including TsOR for
*
International and National Consultants, format for financial
reporting, and M&E requirements
Devise Workplan for NDB, including TsOR for International and
*
National Consultants
Select Pilot Demonstration Project Officers in each country
*
Select necessary International Consultants
*
Select necessary National Experts
*
Target Communities Selected/Lake Chad Shorelines
*
Target Communities Selected/NDB
*
Implementation of Lake Chad Shorelines Demonstration Project
* * * * * * * *
Implementation of NDB Demonstration Project
* * * * * * * *
Final Report Developed-Lessons Learned/Lake Chad Shorelines
* * *
Final Report Developed-Lessons Learned/NDB
* * *
Final Report Developed/Replication Strategies for both Pilot
* * *
Demonstration Activities
85
BUDGET: Lake Chad Shorelines/
Northern Diagnostic Basin Pilots
3 YEAR DETAILED PROJECT BUDGET (USD)
Line Items
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Total
PERSONNEL
International
Consultants
20,000 30,000 10,000 60,000
National
Experts
40,000 40,000 50,000 130,000
Community
Based
Expertise
5,000 5,000 5,000 15,000
Secretarial/Administrative
Support 14,000
9,000
9,000
32,000
Personnel Sub-Total
79,000 84,000 74,000 237,000
CAPITAL COSTS
quantity
unit cost
Year 1 Year 2 Year3 Total
Field equipment
30,000
25,000
-
55,000
Vehicles (2)
2
35,000 70,000
70,000
Office Equipment/Materials
17,000
17,000
GIS Equipment
25,000
25,000
Maintenance
10,000 10,000 40,000
Capital Costs Sub-Total
142,000 35,000 10,000 187,000
OPERATING COSTS
Travel/DSA- International Consultants
30,000 40,000 30,000 100,000
Travel/DSA-National Experts
20,000 30,000 20,000 70,000
RAMSAR/WWF Support Missions
9,000
9,000
9,000
27,000
Operating Costs Sub-Total
59,000 79,000 59,000 197,000
TRAINING
LCBC
Staff
0
7,500 7,500 15,000
National/Community Based Training
5,000
15,000
30,000
50,000
Training Sub-Total
5,000 22,500 37,500 65,000
MEETINGS
Regional/Local Meetings
10,000 20,000 23,600 53,600
Meetings Sub-Total
10,000 20,000 23,600 53,600
AOS @8%
60,400
Demonstration Project Total/Lake Chad
800,000
Shorelines and NDB
86
Project Demonstration Activity #2
Short Title: Land Use Impacts in the Head Waters of the Lake Chad Basin.
Country: Central African Republic
Duration: 3 Years
GEF-Budget: USD 250,000
Co-financing: LCBC USD 30,000 (in kind); CAR USD $20,000 (in kind)
Introduction/Brief Context:
Approximately 75% of the mean annual runoff of the Chari at N'djamena originates from the Central
African headwaters area of the Lake Chad Basin. Changes in land use in the Central African portion of
the Lake Chad Basin impact the hydrological regime of the Chari and result in degraded aquatic
ecosystems downstream in Chad and impact the regime (levels and water quality) of Lake Chad.
Development of national and regional policies to control this trend are hampered by a lack of information
on ongoing land use changes and their more precise impacts on water resources in this region. To date,
relevant water resource and land use data from CAR are not included in the hydrological decision support
model of LCBC. Without this data precise implications for and impacts of water uses in the basin cannot
be fully understood.
This development and selection of this pilot has been driven by:
· Recommendations of the LCBC and the Member States;
· Consideration of GEF guidelines under OP#9;
· The principles of integrated ecosystem management; and
· Consultations with supporting institutions and stakeholders.
Pilot Project Area:
The area of interest in which the pilot project could be located covers the entire Central African
Republican portion of the Lake Chad Basin, some 35% of the national territory of the CAR,
corresponding with an area of approximately 215,000 km2. This area can roughly be divided into two
parts: the north-western part accounting one third of the area and the north-north-eastern part covering the
remaining two thirds. All presently protected areas are located in the North-north-east, whereas
agriculture land-use predominates in the north-west. Livestock was previously concentrated in the north-
west but is now anticipated to become a factor in the north-east as well.
Land use in the north-eastern part of the CAR has, until recently, been based on wildlife utilisation for
sport hunting. Poaching, which has increased as the security situation declined has led to a drop in these
revenues and the area is increasingly being occupied with unplanned settlements and nomadic camps.
Fisheries are one of the most widespread and important activities, particularly along the transboundary
Bahr Aouk.
The distinction in land use between the north-west and the north-eastern part of the CAR is consistent
with long established practices among different ethnic groups. In general, the Gbaya and Sara live in the
Northwest, whereas northern groups and people of Banda descent dominate the sparsely inhabited north-
east. Fulbé pastoralists are mainly found in the Northeast, whereas an increasing number of Arab
pastoralists are found in the Northeast. While CAR has a total population of 3.300.000, based on figures
of 1999, no information is available on population figures for the Lake Chad basin part of the CAR. A
rough population estimate would be approximately 1-1.2 million.
Two vegetation zones predominate, the northern portion of the basin is classified as Sahel-Sudan
savannah while the area further south is characterized as true Sudanian savannah. In the Bamingui-
Bangoran National Park, well-developed gallery forests line the watercourses and provide a robust
87
environmental buffer zone protecting the ecological integrity of rivers in the area. These forests also
provide habitat for "forest species" well into the savannah environment.
The northern part of the CAR has supported good stocks of wildlife and still represents a significant
wildlife resource in Africa. It is only recently that adverse effects of illegal hunting and droughts have
resulted in loss of biodiversity.
Long Term Objective:
To effectively integrate the headwaters area of the Lake Chad Basin, located in the CAR, into an overall
ecosystem approach to the management of the Lake Chad Basin Ecosystem.
Specific Objectives:
· To integrate relevant data and information from the Lake Chad Basin headwaters area of the Central
African Republic (CAR) in the hydrological data base and decision support systems of Lake Chad
Basin Committee (LCBC);
· To develop a comprehensive, up-to-date land use information system, through the compilation of
existing natural resource surveys and the execution of an overall aerial survey to improve on existing
information; and
· To raise awareness on the importance of the CAR as head water source for the Lake Chad Basin,
leading to increased local, national, regional, and international support for conservation of
biodiversity through effective land use planning and transboundary co-ordination.
Stakeholders:
· The regional Lake Chad Basin Commission and the entire population of the Lake Chad Basin;
· The full range of ethnic groups which depend on the resources of the headwaters area;
· CAR as a whole; and more specifically,
· The CAR Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, Mines and Energy (Direction of Hydraulics),
Transport, and the National Lake Chad Basin Committee.
Proposed Activities:
· Integration of the CAR into LCBC decision support system: the presently existing decision support
model under continuing development by the LCBC would be updated too include several upstream
branches of rivers located in CAR, while incorporating preliminary water use estimates based on land
use studies of this project.
· Studies on land use change: i) extension of existing land use information system presently established
by ICRA for the entire CAR headwaters section of the Lake Chad Basin ii) incorporation of existing
data and the results of existing studies iii) use of low level aerial surveys in the northern CAR to make
a preliminary assessment of existing wildlife and livestock populations: and iv) a literature search too
achieve improved understanding of the relationship between different forms of land use, run-off
patterns, and river discharges on a river basin scale.
· Integration & Communication: i) elaboration of cost-benefit analyses of different land use options
based on outcome of adapted hydrological model and land use surveys, ii) publication of results
obtained by the project in appropriate media; and iii) development of preliminary land use planning
options.
Expected Outputs:
· Hydrological data on the CAR part of the Lake Chad Basin made available to and integrated in
the hydrological data base and decision support systems of the Lake Chad Basin Committee
(LCBC);
· Availability of a comprehensive, up-to-date land use information system regarding the CAR part
88
of the Lake Chad Basin; and
· General awareness raised on the national, regional, and international importance of the CAR as
head water source of the Lake Chad Basin, leading to increased support for conservation through
more effective land use planning and enhanced transboundary co-ordination.
Executing Arrangements:
Execution arrangements will be the primary responsibility of LCBC in cooperation with the CAR. The
PMU will act as liaison and facilitator as well as the interim office for this pilot demonstration activity.
89
LAND USE IMPACTS IN THE HEADWATERS OF THE LAKE CHAD BASIN
Objectives
Outputs/Outcomes
Indicators of performance
Means of verification
Risks and Assumptions
1. Effective regional and
Establishment of operational
·
PMU & PPTs fully established
·
Pogress reports;
·
PMU and PPT
project coordination
PMU and Pilot Project Teams.
and operational;
·
MOUs
operationality and
·
Effective working relationship
·
Integrated Work Teams
coordination;
developed between elements of
the GEF Project team and
WWF.
2. Compile
Existing
A Final Report on Existing
·
Consultants Reports Received
·
Finalized Reports on file in the
·
Access to the communities in
Information and Data from
Information and Data Including a
and on file in the PMU and
PMU.
the region is problematic;
CAR
Preliminary Evaluation of Gaps
Accepted by the
·
Sufficient Information and
ProjectManager;
Data is available.
3. Increase
A detailed plan for, and initial
·
Consultant TsOR
·
Field visits to verify consultations ·
Means and capacity to work
Local/National/Regional/Internati
content of, informational
·
Consultants hired
·
Consultants reports received and
effectively in remote and
onal Awareness of, and Support
materials and presentations to
·
Approach to each targeted
deemed complete by the Project
sometimes insecure areas;
for, Biodiversity Conservation in
increase awareness.
group developed
Manager
·
Commitment of relevant
the CAR Headwaters Through the
·
Final written reports
·
Existence of a follow-up action
institutions and stakeholders;
Development of a Planned
plan
Approach to each Targeted
Element
4. Compile and Evaluate Existing A compilation of aerial survey
·
Consultant TsOR
·
GIS Studies
·
Additional funding can be
Natural Resource Surveys form
results, GIS assessments, and
·
Consultants hired
·
Aerial Surveys
found from donors during
Local Sources and Undertake
evaluation of the Natural
·
Final approved reports
·
Assessments of Gaps remaining
the first Donor's Conference
Aerial Surveys
Resource Surveys completed and
stored in the offices of the LCBC
90
Headwaters/Timetable
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Activity
Establish and Operationalize Project PMU
*
Select/Sign MOU with Executing Agency
*
*
Devise Workplan for Lake Chad Shorelines, including TsOR for
*
International and National Consultants, format for financial
reporting, and M&E requirements
Devise Workplan for NDB, including TsOR for International and
*
National Consultants
Select necessary International Consultants
*
Select necessary National Experts
*
Execution of CAR Information and Data Collection Component
* * *
Formatting of CAR Data and Information/Enter into LCBC
* * *
Database
Compilation and Evaluation of Natural Resource Studies
* * *
Execution of Aerial Surveys
* * * *
Execute Efforts to Increase Awareness
* * * * * * *
Final Report Developed-Lessons Learned/NDB
* * *
Final Report Developed/Replication Strategies for both Pilot
* * *
Demonstration Activities
91
BUDGET: Land Use Impacts in the
Headwaters of the Lake Chad Basin
3 YEAR DETAILED PROJECT BUDGET (USD)
Line Items
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3 Total
PERSONNEL
International
Consultants
10,00
0
15,00
0
10,00
0
35,00
0
National
Experts
10,00
0
15,00
0
15,00
0
45,00
0
Community
Based
Expertise
5,00
0
5,00
0
5,00
0
15,00
0
Secretarial/Administrative
Support 5,00
0
5,00
0
10,00
0
Personnel Sub-Total
30,000 40,00
0
40,00
0
95,00
0
CAPITAL COSTS
unit cost
Year 1 Year 2 Year3 Total
Office Equipment/Materials
10,000
10,000
Capital Costs Sub-Total
10,000
10,00
0
OPERATING COSTS
Travel/DSA- International Consultants
15,00
0
20,00
0
15,00
0
50,00
0
Travel/DSA-National Experts
10,00
0
10,00
0
10,00
0
30,00
0
Operating Costs Sub-Total
59,000 79,00
0
59,00
0
80,00
0
TRAINING
LCBC
Staff
0
7,50
0
7,50
0
15,00
0
National/Community Based Training
5,000
10,000
15,000
30,000
Training Sub-Total
5,000 17,50
0
22,50
0
45,00
0
AOS @8%
20,000
Demonstration Project Total/Land use
250,000
Impacts in the Headwaters of the Lake Chad
Basin
92
Document Outline