Value
Types of Use
Measures of monetary valuation of
 socio-economic consequences
Non-use/
bequest
Option
Loss of potential uses –
Estimated future value of commercial fishery
Use
Direct
Consumption
 by local people
Production
activities
Indirect uses
Loss of recreation opportunities –
Costs associated with alternative sources
 of recreation, e.g. travel costs to alternative site(s).
Loss of of tradable commodities (e.g. fish)
 that can be sustainably harvested – Producer and 
consumer surplus from trade in commodity
Negative social changes associated
with the impairment or loss of above direct uses
 – Reduction in local GDP.  Welfare support payments
MARKET VALUATION OF CONSEQUENCES