3.1 Conduct navigational risk assessments and propose modifications in maritime shipping routes and other risk reduction measures. 3.2 Review and draft reforms for the institutional, legal, policy, regulatory and enforcement framework for navigational safety, including the prevention of oil and chemical spills, vessel standards, certification etc. 3.3 Prepare a regional/transboundary oil and chemical spill prevention and contingency plan. 3.4 Identify and conduct two demonstration pilot activities related to navigational risk reduction.