TRAT PROVINCE DEMONSTRATION SITE
SUMMARY SHEET
1.
SITE NAME AND GEOGRAPHIC CO-ORDINATES:
Trat Province, Thailand
Latitude
12O 11/ - 12O 5/ N
Longitude
102O 31/ - 102O 39/ E
2.
COUNTRY IN WHICH THE SITE IS LOCATED:
THAILAND
3.
STATE OR PROVINCE IN WHICH THE SITE IS LOCATED: Trat province
Local government approval [yes or no]: yes if yes then date March 17th 2004
Local government involvement [yes or no] yes
Local government co-financing [yes or no] yes if yes then in-kind or in-cash? In-kind
4.
LINKAGE TO NATIONAL PRIORITIES, ACTION PLANS AND PROGRAMMES:
-Kung Kraben Bay Royal Development Study Centre, Chantaburi Province. The project will build on
the experience and outcomes of the many studies and research on mangrove and shrimp farms,
which can be applied in Trat mangrove.
-Koh Chang National Park ecotourism promotion. Tourists visiting Koh Chang who are interested in
natural habitats will be encouraged to visit the mangrove habitat study areas in Trat.
-Strengthening communities network, public awareness programme, public participation scheme
and restoration scheme. All of these existing provincial programmes will be enhanced by, the
demonstration site in term of improving the condition of mangrove resources and improved capacity
of people in community-based mangrove management.
-The project will enhance local people's participation base on knowledge both in terms of
conservation and biodiversity. It will promote the conservation action plan and sustainable resources
development of the country
Central government involvement [yes or no] yes
Central government co-financing [yes or no] yes
if yes then in-kind or in-cash? In-cash and In-kind
5.
DATE OF NATIONAL TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP MEETING WHICH CONSIDERED
THE PROPOSAL AND RECOMMENDATION:
Initial approval on 25th September 2003
6.
NATIONAL FOCAL POINT AND/OR NATIONAL TECHNICAL FOCAL POINT
ENDORSEMENT AND/OR COMMENTS:
Comments:
This proposal will support one of the best replanting and people participation projects
for natural mangroves in Gulf of Thailand. It is our first priority among the demonstration site
proposals.
Signature:
Name & Designation:
Date:
1
DEMONSTRATION SITE PROPOSAL
7. SITE
DESCRIPTION:
AREA: 9,245 ha mangrove in the entire Trat Province
7.1 ENVIRONMENT:
The demonstration site is focused on the Tatapao/Namchieo conservation forest area, which
consists of a large area of intertidal mudflats around the shore of the shallow marine bay that forms
the estuarine system of the Trat River. The area supports an extensive mangrove forest and some
aquaculture ponds on loamy sand substratum. The water regime is complex, with distinct variations
in turbidity and salinity influenced by seasonal variations in the amount of fresh water entering via
the river and by direct run-off from the land. The tidal regime is of a mixed type, with a range
extending from 2.2-3.0 m above the lowest low water. A tropical monsoon climate is the dominant
environmental influence. From April to November the mean temperature ranges from 26O 29OC
(min 21.7O max 33.8OC) and the relative humidity ranges from 66.0 - 89.0% (minimum in
December and maximum in September). The pH of water in the bay is quite variable, with a range
of 4.4 7.6 being typical, and the variation in salinity is extreme, ranging from 0 31.1 ppt.
Dissolved oxygen levels are in the range 4.4 7.6 mg/l; electrical conductivity is between 27.5 4.8
µs/cm; and turbidity is between 0.5 1.3 NTU. These parameters are not extreme, but
nevertheless represent a challenge in eco-physiological terms.
7.2 HABITAT(S):
The Trat mangrove forest is located in the easternmost area of Thailand where the coastline is
inundated by diurnal tides. All the mangrove areas here are tidal flats showing no mud lobster
(Thalassina anomala Herbst.) mounds. There are 5 species associations in the forest: Avicennia-
Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, and Lumnitera-Excoecaria-Xylocarpus, which together
consist of 20 genera and 33 true mangrove species and 36 associate mangrove species (Tables 1
and 2 of Annex 1). Important mangrove species found in the forest include large-leaved mangroves
(Rhizophora mucronata), small-leaved mangroves (R. apiculata), Ceriops decandra, C. tagal,
Bruguiera sexangula, B. parviflora, Xylocarpus spp .and Lumnitzera spp. 32 species of crustacean
are recorded from mangrove habitats in this province together with 55 species of fish.
122 species of birds have been recorded in the general area (surveyed in Koh Chang National
Park) (Table 3 of Annex 1). Among these, 95 are resident species such as the Pacific reef-egret
(Egretta sacra), the white pigeon water hen, (Amaurornis phoenicurus), green imperial pigeon
(Ducula aenea) and oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). 22 are non-breeding migratory
species including the little heron (Butorides siriatus) and the greater sand-plover (Charadrius
leschenaultii). Two species are breeding migratory species: the hooded pitta (Pitta sodida) and the
blue-winged pitta (P. moluccensis), and the remaining 3 species, the blue and white flycatcher
(Cyanoptila cyanomelana), blue-throated flycatcher (Cyornis rubeculoides) and eastern crowned
warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus), are migratory species at other seasons of the year. The only
critically endangered species in Thailand observed here is the brown moody (Anomus stolidus), and
the great crested tern (Sterna bergii) is the only endangered species. The spot-breasted laughing
thrush (Garrulax merulinus) is the only vulnerable species in the area. The threatened species
include the brahminy kite (Haliaster indus), white-bellied sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), edible-
nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus), plain-pouched hornbill (Rhyticeros subruficollis), pied imperial
pigeon (Ducula bicolor) and great hornbill (Buceros biconis). Other noteworthy species are the
yellow-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier), large-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus macrurus) and
Pacific swallow (Hirundo tahittica). At least 12 amphibian species have been found including the
endemic and vulnerable Koh Chang frog (Rana kohchangae). There are at least 30 species of
reptiles, of which 19 are snakes.
7.3 PRESENT
USE:
The mangrove forest in this Province has for many years been used as a source of charcoal and
tannin, extracted under a government concession which was terminated in 2001. During the 1970's
and 80's around 80% of mangrove cover along the Thai coast bordering the Gulf of Thailand and
South China Sea was removed, but this situation has been reversed over the last decade such that
the area of mangrove is stable over most of the area and increasing through reforestation in some
coastal Provinces. At present local villagers earn their living through coastal fishing, while the
collection and sale of mud crabs and grapsid crabs also makes an important contribution to the
income of local people. At the nearby Koh Chang National Park, collection of edible swallows nests
is an extremely lucrative activity, providing an income of approximately $US 1,250 2,000 per kg
in comparison with an annual average income of $US 1,700 per capita for Trat province's
2
population of 94,506 people. It has been observed that the swallows often feed on flies and
mosquitoes in the mangrove area. Fire-flies are found in the mangrove forest and could serve as an
ecotourist attraction in the future.
Seven villages are located in the Tatapao/Namcheio conservation forest area while around 21
coastal villages in the province depend upon mangrove resources for part of their livelihood and
income.
7.4 MANGEMENT
REGIME:
In a survey conducted in 2000, the total area designated as mangrove forest in Trat province
covered 9,254 ha. This area was classified into three zones: a conservation zone (5,230 ha), a zone
with permitted land uses, and a 1,136 ha replanting zone. These areas are public land nominally
owned by the government, but are prone to encroachment, by local people. The Department of
Marine and Coastal Resources (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment), which is
responsible for managing mangrove resources in Thailand, established a regional office to manage
this area in 2002, while a Mangrove Research and Development Station had been established
previously in 1991. The management regimes designed by these offices include mangrove
protection and enforcement measures, conservation and restoration initiatives, and research and
development work. The Department is responsible for enforcement of conservation areas and has
also established a database on the mangrove forest area under its responsibility.
The Department co-operates with other government departments having responsibility for natural
resource management including the Royal Forest Department and the National Parks Department.
A central feature of the management regime in this Province has been the formation of volunteer
conservation groups and the establishment of public awareness schemes as part of a public
participation programme supported by RECOFTC's Thailand Outreach Programme. The Mangrove
Conservation and Development Group is a very successful non-governmental conservation group
based at Prednai Village, where a mangrove forest area of 1,920 ha has been designated by the
villagers as a conservation area and villagers have agreed not to catch fish and crabs at
ecologically sensitive times. The community carries out its own enforcement to ensure that the
conservation area is respected, including imposing fines and handing over serious offenders to the
police, the community also organizes replanting and other conservation activities.
The Thai Environmental Consulting Association is another local conservation group active in
conserving the Tatapoa and Nam Chiaw mangrove forests. The group organizes restoration
activities, has run a public awareness programme for schools and local inhabitants, and maintains a
watch over the forests. Their work is an example of successful cooperation between local people,
NGOs, and government departments in mangrove restoration and conservation. Approaches such
as this are seen as the way forward for mangrove management in the area and should be further
refined and built upon to develop management regimes for the future.
8.
STAKEHOLDERS:
Annex 2 identifies stakeholders in the project and suggests approaches to ensure that they are able
to participate in the project. Key stakeholders include:
1. The Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, which is responsible for mangrove
conservation in Thailand and which will be lead the project as the Specialised Executing
Agency for the UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project designated by the government as the
mangrove focal point for Thailand.
2. Other central government departments with responsibility for natural resource management,
such as the Royal Forest Department and the National Parks Department, will be involved
principally in a consultative manner, but may also be targets for training and policy level
initiatives.
3. Local government bodies in Trat province. The Provincial Governor's office is a key
stakeholder, as the support of the Governor will be essential if the project is to have a high
profile and if policy level initiatives are to succeed. Also important are Tambon Administration
Organisations (Or Bor Tors), who are responsible for local government administration at the
lowest, sub-district, level.
4. Mangrove conservation groups and community development groups operating in Trat province,
are of critical importance and will implement many of the project activities.
5. Villagers living in coastal communities in Trat province, will be the target group for many project
activities. Within this group school children and young people will be a particular focus for
awareness raising activities and those who rely on mangroves for their livelihoods will be a
focus for income generating activities.
3
6. Other conservation organisations operating in Thailand with an interest in mangroves, including
Wetlands International, REFCOFTC, Kung Kraben Royal Project and Yadfon Association, will
be involved in a consultative and collaborative advisory capacity.
7. Research organizations including RECOFTC and universities.
9.
THREATS:
Threats identified in the area, in approximate order of importance, are as follows:
· Illegal encroachment into mangrove forest areas for human settlement purposes, resulting in
loss of forest.
· Unsupervised and ecologically destructive clearing of mangroves to construct shrimp and fish
ponds, often illegally.
· Over fishing by commercial fishing boats that typically employ destructive fishing methods such
as push-nets and fine mesh nets. This has an impact both on the livelihoods of local villagers
and on the fauna of the mangrove ecosystems.
· Cutting of wood by outsiders to the community for use as building material and, in a few cases,
charcoal production.
· Coastal erosion exacerbated by construction work by the Harbour Department elsewhere along
the coastline.
· Waste dumping in mangrove forest areas, a problem in the past has now been successfully
addressed and the problem mitigated.
· The area has had a history of destructive tree felling by concessionaires who cleared forest
areas without replanting them. This resulted in considerable conflict between concessionaires
and local conservationists. Tree felling by concessionaires no longer seems to be an issue
following withdrawal of mangrove cutting concessions by the government in 2001.
Annex 3 provides a causal chain analysis for these threats.
10.
GOALS AND PURPOSE:
The purpose of the project is to establish a demonstration site for good practice in community
participation in mangrove conservation work in Trat Province that can serve as a model for wider
application nationally, and in the other countries participating in the UNEP/GEF South China Sea
Project. The project will address the threats identified above and seek to reverse environmental
degradation in the area by developing a management plan involving all stakeholders that addresses
the current causes of unsustainable patterns of use.
11.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:
The critical environmental problem, which needs to be addressed at this site is long term ecological
change resulting from the prior destruction of mangroves over a period of more than 40 years. One of
the reasons for this destruction is a lack of understanding of the economic benefits provided by
mangroves, and the project will aim to both increase understanding of the value of mangroves and
strengthen the links between the conservation of mangrove forests and the livelihoods of local
people. The demonstration site will help show policy makers and local communities the successes
that can be achieved in mangrove conservation through a strong community participation
programme. Project activities will complement national conservation strategies and also contribute
towards a better understanding of mangrove management by local volunteer groups. The
immediate objectives are:
1. Develop and implement a mangrove replanting programme in Trat Province centred on the
demonstration site and Tatapao/Namchieo including re-planting around 300 hectares of
mangrove annually, using a mix of species to increase the biodiversity of the forest estate.
2. Strengthen and expand as appropriate, the community-based management system for the Trat
Province Mangroves through;
· Establishment of Management Framework and networks of community based stakeholder
groups;
· Preparation of a comprehensive management plan for the habitats and resources of the site
including maps of forest areas and designated land uses including conservation areas;
· Appropriate Forest Management actions including provision of data and information
regarding zonation and socio-economic importance for decision making;
· Establishing and implementing an active programme of mangrove reforestation.
3. Develop a business plan for sustainable financing of the management of the Trat Province
mangroves including:
4
· Diversification of income sources and improving financial security of local people with low
incomes, including identification of new revenue streams and new opportunities;
· specific actions to investigate the feasibility of ecotourism locally, to generate income and
promote the role of the demonstration centre;
· increased capacity of local conservation groups and NGOs to devise and manage projects,
network internationally, and pass on the experience they have accumulated to other
conservation groups regionally.
4. Enhanced awareness and understanding of mangroves at all levels of government and civil
society.
12.
OUTCOMES:
Desired outcomes from the project interventions are as follows (numbering corresponds to goals
and objectives above)
1. Increased mangrove coverage at suitable locations to a total of 900 hectares over three years.
Including increased species diversity and numbers at the site based on applied research into
site ecology, trophic dynamics, nursery functions, and habitat features.
2. Reduced illegal mangrove cutting through provision of alternative sustainable livelihoods for
local communities.
3. Establishment of sustainable use regimes to protect mangrove and fishery resources from
depletion resulting from human use.
4. Increased understanding of the environmental and economic value of mangroves and establish
a perception that mangrove conservation areas are a beneficial land use.
13.
PLANNED ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE OUTCOMES:
The activities are grouped into three major components as follows: Establishment of an appropriate,
community-based management system for the Trat Province Mangroves (Management); Develop a
Business Plan for Trat Province mangroves sustainable financing (Business Plan): and, Training,
Education and Awareness. The framework work plan and timetable are presented in Table 1.
Component 1 Management
The primary activities under this component focus on the establishment of a Management
Framework and networks of community based stakeholder groups including the Management
Board, and Senior Advisory Group; establishment of the project office; appointment of personnel
and convening of regular management and stakeholder meetings and consultations. Initial activities
will result in the establishment of an agreed comprehensive management plan for the habitats and
resources of the site including maps of forest areas and designated land uses including
conservation areas, based on the compilation of all existing environmental and socio-economic data
into a single comprehensive GIS database. Initial actions will result in identification of information
gaps and will be followed by an evaluation of current stakeholders' patterns of us; determination of
economic values of habitats and resources; baseline surveys of the current condition of mangrove
resources, and threats and preparation of an overall report on: environmental state of mangroves;
stakeholder present use, and economic value.
Through a process of consultation at the community (Village Chairperson/head) level the initial
analysis of present use will be used as the basis for preparation of a draft management plan based
on existing plans, GIS data and will include zoning plans for conservation and marine protection,
sustainable use, buffer zones, restoration activities, rules and regulations and actions in response to
breach of such rules. The management plan will be reviewed, finalised and approved through a fully
integrated process of consultation at all levels, resulting in plans for immediate actions to implement
the management plan within the time frame of the project. Immediate actions will include distribution
of use zone maps, signage, and implementation of an agreed community patrol system, and re-
planting programme.
Component 2 Business Plan
An important aspect of long-term sustainable management is, the need to diversify income sources
and improve the financial security of local people with low incomes. Through community
consultation, agreement will be reached regarding an appropriate and realistic sustainable use
strategy for mangrove products and options for development of community businesses based on an
analysis of potential future uses, value, net income and costs. This will involve: market research to
identify potential pilot activities and sites and, where feasible, promote the establishment of such
businesses; investigation of the need for funding to stimulate and support community businesses
and options for providing funding, including the identification of existing sources and the scope for
establishment of a micro-credit scheme.
5
Recognising that management of mangroves at the level of the Trat Province will require on-going
support from Central and Provincial governments for the foreseeable future, an attempt will be
made to evaluate provincial net income and existing revenues and costs associated with mangrove
ecosystems in order to design for the longer term a sustainable financing strategy including financial
management mechanisms at provincial and community levels.
Component 3 Training, Education And Awareness
The third component is divided into three sub-components addressing: the need for enhanced
public awareness regarding the benefits and values of mangrove ecosystems and the services they
provide; training needs at the both the community and government levels; and education specifically
at the level of school children in Trat Province.
The purpose of the Public Awareness sub-component is to enhance awareness and understanding
of mangroves at all levels of government, civil society, and communities and will centre on
expansion of the capacity and role of the existing learning centre in Pred Nai Village, including
preparation of exhibition materials, information resources including simple database, displays, and
publicising the centre through local radio, television and print media, and through a programme of
visits by schools and other civil society groups. In addition Project staff will be responsible for
publicising the outcome of the project both nationally and internationally and a programme of open
days, and visits for different target groups of civil society will be arranged.
Training needs will be assessed at community and government levels: it is envisaged that training
needs may include but not be limited to: financial management and basic business skills based
around sustainable use of mangroves; principles and practice of community forest management;
technical monitoring for selected local people (e.g. salinity monitoring, identification of acid sulphate
soils areas, tree growth monitoring and presentation/interpretation of scientific data); training in
enforcement for community volunteers and training for harbours staff on coastal transport
modelling, erosion prevention, and sustainable alternatives to `hard' coast defences.
The focus of the Education activities is on the preparation and distribution of posters, brochures and
booklets on topics of relevance to mangroves and coastal management as identified in the training
needs assessment and to develop appropriate targeted educational material about the ecology and
value of mangroves to inform and educate local school children (30+ primary schools, 10 secondary
schools) about the value of mangroves and the benefits of a sustainable approach to development.
Other activities will include the organisation and implementation of a programme of suitable
educational activities for schoolchildren, community groups, and local leaders, including youth
camps, and theme days.
14.
SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT:
The mangroves in the project area have been officially designated as mangrove conservation forest
by the Thai government, and their conservation and management therefore falls under the
responsibility of the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. The Department will be able to
continue to assist local communities in co-ordinating and administering mangrove forest
management after the project ends, although it is unrealistic to expect the Department to fund
activities over and above current (pre-project) levels, hence the need for a business plan. If the
project succeeds in meeting its objectives a community network will have been established to bring
together community representatives, NGOs, and government to manage local mangrove forests in
the long term.
The project is likely to result in a number of `spin-offs' projects (for example, promotion of
ecotourism in the area) that will continue to promote development and conservation work in the
area. Stakeholders such as Wetlands International are committed to supporting such initiatives and
will provide assistance in seeking funding and establishing related and associated activities. It is
anticipated that research establishments will maintain an interest in conducting investigations in the
area after the project has been completed, and that such research is likely to be carried out in
collaboration with local conservation groups.
Ongoing financing for the Learning Centre is likely to be required if the Centre is to play a role as a
hub for promoting the Trat mangrove forests as a demonstration site. This may present a difficulty,
although the Centre has been successful in generating project related financial support in the past.
There is the possibility of establishing a community fund to help support future conservation
activities in the area if community businesses are successfully established as a result of the project.
The most likely risks anticipated for the project are as follows.
1. Community based natural resource management receives less political support in the future in
Thailand. This should not present a challenge if a robust structure for community management
of the mangrove forests is established.
6
2. Stakeholders are unable to agree on a framework for community management of mangrove
resources. Should this be the case, the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources will
continue to manage the resource, as at present, but with the benefit of the increased
consultation and participation which the project has generated.
3. The project experiences difficulty in promoting its work to a wide audience. The involvement of
Wetlands International and collaboration with organisations such as Yadfon Association, which
are part of existing mangrove conservation networks, should help in promoting work carried out
during the project elsewhere in Thailand, whilst the joint activities with Cambodia provide a
broader base for co-operation and exchange of experiences.
4. Lack of enforcement undermines conservation efforts. Experience has shown that this is a
significant risk in Thailand. Local communities have shown that they are willing to patrol
conservation areas and confront offenders, but support from NGOs and the involvement of
government departments will also be required. Support from high profile local figures such as
the Provincial Governor may assist in deterring unlawful activities in conservation areas and
thus reduce this risk.
5. No market can be found, for products or services, which can be produced by community
businesses. Income generation work will be based around extending existing livelihood
activities, and emphasis on eco-tourism is likely to be supported through other initiatives of the
Tourist Authority of Thailand in Trat Province. Specialist advice will be needed in this area.
6. Individuals on low incomes within the local communities do not benefit from income generating
activities. This is a common failure in development projects and the project team will need to
make special efforts to encourage and facilitate the involvement of the most needy in such
activities. Input from local NGOs and their knowledge of local communities and their economies
will be required in planning and implementing this part of the project.
7. Enforcement and conservation initiatives result in conflict with influential people involved in
illegal activities. There has been a history of such conflict in the area over mangrove timber
concessions, but solidarity among local communities has succeeded in eliminating the threat.
By asserting their claim to conservation areas in a high profile way and enlisting the support of
powerful government officials, it is likely that illegal activities can be deterred and conflict
avoided.
8. The Harbour Department sometimes takes a traditional technocratic view of its work and may
be unreceptive to initiatives to change policies on coastal works. Again, the support of the
Provincial Governor will be an asset here. Ensuring that NGOs and villagers are aware of policy
will help them oppose any infringements.
15.
ESTIMATED BUDGET
The budget tables are presented in Annex 4.
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16. IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN
Table 1
Framework Work plan and schedule for the Thai components of the joint Thai Cambodian Mangrove Demonstration Site.
2005 2006 2007
Notes on possible joint
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
activities
1. MANAGEMENT
1.1 Establishment of Management Framework and networks of community
based stakeholder groups
1.1.1 Appoint project personnel [site manager, administrative
and, finance officer, driver]
1.1.2 Establish project office in the Mangrove Resources
Research Station Area 4 and establish cross-border
communication arrangements
1.1.3 Formally Establish Trat Management Board and Senior
Advisory Group under authority of the DG DMCR.
1.1.4 Establish the elements of the community based
management framework encompassing 7 villages
(Tatapao / Namchieo conservation forest). Define the
modes of communication, and frequency of
consultations (at least monthly).
1.1.5 Convene quarterly meetings of the Management Board
M,S M M,S M M,S M M,S M M,S M M,S
and half yearly meetings of the Senior Advisory Group
1.1.6 Convene quarterly community meetings of the 21 village
X X X X X X X X X X X
representatives in Trat Province.
1.1.7 Prepare half yearly progress and expenditure reports for
X X X X X
UNEP, Management Board and NTWG.
1.1.8 Independent evaluation of project progress at mid-point
X
X
and end of GEF grant support by a regional expert.
1.1.9 Prepare and submission of final project summary report
X
to UNEP/GEF
1.2 Prepare a comprehensive management plan for the habitats and resources
of the site including maps of forest areas and designated land uses including
conservation areas.
1.2.1 Assemble all existing environmental and socio-
economic data into a single comprehensive GIS
database; identify information gaps and design
necessary baseline surveys.
1.2.2 Conduct an evaluation of current stakeholders' patterns
of use through site level social surveys; economic
values of habitats and resources net sales value and
costs of production
1.2.3 Undertake rapid baseline surveys as required to
assess current condition of mangrove resources, and
NO
threats Preparation of an overall report on:
environmental state of mangroves; stakeholder present
TE
use, and economic value.
8
Notes on possible
2005 2006 2007
joint activities
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
1.2.4 Organise appropriate consultations at the community
(Village Chairperson/head) for clearance of the outputs from
1.2.2 and 1.2.3 above. Provincial government consultations
to discuss and clear the report on stakeholder use and
economic value.
1.2.5 Preparation of initial draft management plan based on
existing plans, GIS data and initial stakeholder
consultations including zoning plans for conservation and
marine protection, sustainable use, buffer zones, restoration
activities, rules and regulations and actions in response to
breach of such rules.
1.2.6 Review of initial draft by community representatives (7
villages) and meeting/workshop to critically review the draft.
1.2.7 Revision of the draft including preparation of final maps and
charts of use areas and zones
1.2.8 Finalisation and submission of the management plan to
management board for recommendation to Provincial
X
Governor and Office of Environmental Policy and Planning
for final approval
1.2.9 Immediate Actions to implement the management plan
including publication and distribution of use zone maps
installation of signpost areas, marker buoys.
1.2.10 Establish a patrol system and undertake community-based
patrols.
1.2.11 Undertake forest area maintenance activities and initiate
new activities as programmed in management plan through
the work of community members, DMCR staff, or
contractors as appropriate.
1.3 Investigate and identify appropriate reforestation techniques and design
and implement replanting and maintenance programme.
1.3.1 A.1.2 Document the processes, success and failures of
activities and processes involved in developing co-
management of mangrove forests, in the Trat mangrove
area.
1.3.2 Evaluate previous experience of mangrove restoration in
Thailand and identify appropriate techniques for trailing in
Trat Province
1.3.3 Design in full consultation with local communities a long-
term programme of replanting and mangrove restoration in
the area
1.3.4 Undertake pilot activities regarding natural mangrove
recolonisation following restoration of hydrological
conditions.
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2005 2006 2007
Notes on possible joint
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
activities
1.3.5 Undertake regular community mangrove planting
World Wetland Day and
activities and twice-annual high profile planting events
X X X X X X HM King's birthday?
to mark special occasions.
1.3.6 Monitor successes and failures in rehabilitation efforts
Shaded area = report.
and prepare guidelines for future use at the community
Monitoring is ongoing.
level.
2. BUSINESS PLAN
2.1 Diversification of income sources and improving financial security of local
people with low incomes, including identification of new revenue streams and
new opportunities
2.1.1 Through community consultation, agree an appropriate
and realistic sustainable use strategy for mangrove
products and options for development of community
businesses based on an analysis of potential future
uses, value, net income and costs
2.1.2 Evaluate the feasibility of community businesses based
around sustainable uses both current and potential
new uses of mangrove resources
2.1.3 Undertake market research. Identify potential pilot
activities and sites and, where feasible, promote the
NOTE
establishment of such businesses.
2.1.4 Investigate need for funding to stimulate and support
community businesses and options for providing
funding, including the identification of existing sources
of funding and the scope for establishment of a micro-
credit scheme
2.1.5 Establishment of micro-financing funds and operation
following agreement of disbursement procedures and
financial controls.
2.2 Financial sustainability of Trat Province Mangrove Management framework
and plan
2.2.1 Evaluate Provincial level net income and Existing
revenue, (through resource and other taxes, licence
NOTE
fees etc.)
2.2.2 Evaluate existing management costs (government
agencies costs)
2.2.3 Develop an appropriate financial plan based on actual
and potential revenue and agreed revenue collection
procedures
Is 9 months long
2.2.4 Approval and establishment of financial management
enough? National level
mechanisms at provincial and community levels
approval required
10
2005 2006 2007
Notes on possible joint
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
activities
2.3
Investigate the feasibility of ecotourism locally to generate income and promote
the role of the demonstration centre.
2.3.1 Discuss and evaluate ecotourism opportunities with local
Earlier than Cambodia -
communities and raise awareness of the meaning and
programme slack should
limitations of ecotourism.
allow this
2.3.2 Identify features of interest (such as fire flies, bird species)
and suitable locations.
2.3.3 Establish a simple model activity (e.g. boat tours,
boardwalk) to act as an entry point into ecotourism.
2.3.4 Provide training required (e.g. tour guide training) and
establish support structures to promote and maintain the
model activity.
3. TRAINING, EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
3.1
Public Awareness: Enhance awareness and understanding of mangroves at all
levels of government, civil society, and communities
3.1.1 Develop the existing Learning Centre in Pred Nai Village to
help promote demonstration site role and disseminate
information materials.
3.1.2 Prepare exhibition materials for the centre, develop
information resources including simple database, displays
etc.
3.1.3 Publicise the role of the Learning Centre through local
radio, television and print media arrange a programme of
Ongoing activity
visits by schools and other civil society groups.
3.1.4 Liase with local media to organise TV and radio broadcasts
Ongoing activity, as
and news articles about mangrove conservation,
opportunities arise
demonstration site activities and the project.
3.1.5 Prepare quarterly project newsletters for stakeholders.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3.1.6 Appropriate project representatives attend at least one
suitable international conference on mangrove
conservation/wetlands annually, to present a paper on the
project's work. And present the results of the project at
suitable national mangrove meetings/conferences.
3.1.7 Submit at least one paper per year on the major outcomes
of the project activities to international research journals.
3.1.8 Arrange "open days" for the press to visit and view the
Ongoing activity, as
project's mangrove conservation work when suitable
opportunities arise
opportunities arise.
3.1.9 Organise annual visits to the site for around 50 community
Yearly rather than
representatives involved in sustainable use of mangroves
annual
from outside Trat Province.
11
2005 2006 2007
Notes on possible joint
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
activities
3.2 Training
3.2.1 Undertake training needs assessment and prepare training
programme targeting local and provincial government
officers, and local communities. Identify in close
consultation with the entities concerned needs for specific
training in areas such as coastal zone management
3.2.2 Implement the training programme at the community level; it
is envisaged that training needs may include but not be
limited to: financial management and basic business skills
Needs to correspond
based around sustainable use of mangroves. principles and
with Cambodia activity
practice of community forest management; technical
3.1.4?
monitoring for selected local people (e.g. salinity monitoring,
identification of acid sulphate soils areas, tree growth
monitoring and presentation/interpretation of scientific data).
3.2.3 Undertake training in enforcement for community
volunteers.
3.2.4 Implement the targeted training programme for government
agencies and personnel. It is envisaged that training needs
may include but not be limited to training for harbours staff
on coastal transport modelling, erosion prevention, and
sustainable alternatives to `hard' coast defences.
3.2.5 Identify opportunities for group study tours (including DMCR
mangrove management staff and selected NGO and
community group members from Trat Province) to selected
mangrove management sites in the South China Sea
region.
Needs to correspond
3.2.6 Arrange appropriate workshops to learn from and network
with Cambodia activity
with communities engaged in similar activities.
3.1.4?
3.3 Education
Prepare Q1 and
distribute over remainder
3.3.1 Prepare and distribute posters, brochures and booklets on
of the year. Or maybe
topics of relevance to mangroves and coastal management
prepare technical
as identified in the training needs assessment.
publications throughout
the project?
12
2005 2006 2007
Notes on possible joint
Component Sub-component
Activities
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
activities
3.3.2
Develop appropriate targeted educational material
about the ecology and value of mangroves to inform
Prepare Q1 and
and educate local school children (30+ primary
distribute over remainder
schools, 10 secondary schools) about the value of
of the year
mangroves and the benefits of a sustainable approach
to development.
3.3.3
Print and distribute educational material through
appropriate channels.
Needs to correspond
3.3.4 Organise and implement a programme of suitable
with Cambodia activity
educational activities for schoolchildren, community
3.1.4? Dry season. Link
groups, and local leaders, including youth camps, and
adult/ child events to
theme days.
involve all?
JOINT ACTIVITIES WITH CAMBODIA
Set up joint management board
Set up technical working group
Joint management board meetings (alternate in each
X
X
X
X
country)
Programme of joint technical workshops
XX
XX
XX XX
XX XX XX XX XX
V: VIP (launch and
adoption of mgmt plan)
Attendance at training / community events in Cambodia
C
V
C
C V, C
C
C: Community training
events (3.1.3) as far as
possible
13
17.
PROPOSED MANAGEMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES:
The execution of project activities will be conducted at the Provincial level, by project and DMCR
staff, with the DMCR headquarters in Bangkok, providing oversight and monitoring on a regular
monthly basis. Semi-annual reporting of activities and financial aspects will be monitored by the
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit on behalf of the Implementing Agency (see Annex 5)
The project activities in Trat Province will be directed by, a Project Management Board (see Annex
6), with representatives from the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. A site manager,
and field officer will be responsible for day-to-day management of the project and co-ordinating
project activities, and will work from the local office of the Department of Marine and Coastal
Resources. Working groups consisting of suitable local representatives will advise and direct on
work towards specific activity clusters. The site manager will be supported by dedicated financial
and administration staff for the project and staff from the Provincial level offices of the DMCR.
The wider network of organizations involved in project execution will be linked through workshops,
seminars, field-work, training courses as well as community based meetings, to which all
stakeholders will be invited and which will serve to provide advice and inputs to management. The
management framework is outlined in Figure 1 of Annex 6
18.
INFORMATION ON PROPOSED EXECUTING AGENCY:
The Department of Marine and Coastal Resources will be the agency responsible for execution of
the project activities in Thailand and will be represented on the Project Management Board. The
Department was established in 2002 as part of Thailand's newly formed Ministry of Natural
Resources and the Environment, bringing together administrators and experts on coastal resources
from a number of predecessor agencies. The Department has legal responsibility for managing
activities in the coastal area and an increasing proportion of its work is carried out from Regional
and Provincial offices.
19.
EXECUTING AGENCY CONTACT PERSONS:
Dr. Maitree Daungsawasdi
Director General of Department of Marine and Coastal Resources
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
92 Pollution Control Office
Phaholyothin 7 (Ari), Phaholyothin Road
Phayatai, Bangkok 10400
Dr. Sonjai Havanond
Coastal and Mangrove Resource Management Expert
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
92 Pollution Control Office
Phaholyothin 7 (Ari), Phaholyothin Road
Phayatai, Bangkok 10400
E-mail: sonjai_h@hotmail.com; sonjai_h@yahoo.com
Phone: (66 2) 298 2058
Fax: (66 2) 298 2058
14
Annex 1:
TRAT PROVINCE MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY
Table 1 True Mangrove Species
Table 3 Bird Species
Table 3 continued Bird Species
recorded from mangrove
recorded from mangrove forest
Family Species
forest and coastal areas of
and coastal areas of Trat
Acanthaceae
Acanthus ebracteatus
Trat Province.
Province.
Acanthaceae
Acanthus ilicifoius
Chenopodiaceae
Suaeda maritima
Combretaceae
Lumnitzera littorea
Species
Species
Combretaceae
Lumnitzera racemosa
Accipiter badius
Hirundo rustica
Ebenaceae
Excoecaria agallocha
Accipiter gularis
Hirundo tahitica
Lythraceae
Pemphis acidula
Accipiter soloensis
Hypothymis azurea
Meliaceae
Xylocarpus granatum
Accipiter virgatus
Hypsipetes thompsoni
Meliaceae
Xylocarpus moluccensis
Acridotheres javanicus
Irena puella
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras corniculatum
Acridotheres tristis
Limosa limosa
Palmae
Nypa fruticans
Acrocephalus arundinaceus
Macronous gularis
Palmae
Phoenix paludosa
Actitis hypoleucos
Megalaima lineata
Pteridaceae
Acrostichum aureum
Aegithina tiphia
Meiglyptes jugularis
Pteridaceae
Acrostichum speciosum
Aerodramus fuciphagus
Monticala gularis
Aethopyga siparaja
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera cylindrica
Muscicapa dauurica
Alauda gulgula
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera gymnorhiza
Myiophoneus caeruleus
Alcedo atthis
Nectarinia jugulris
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera hainesii
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Oriolus chinensis
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera parviflora
Anous stolidus
Orthotomus atrogularis
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera sexangula
Anthracoceros albirostris
Orthotomus sutorius
Rhizophoraceae
Ceriops decandra
Anthretes singalensis
Pandion haliaetus
Rhizophoraceae
Ceriops tagal
Anthus noveseelandiae
Passer flaveolus
Rhizophoraceae
Kandelia candel
Apus affinis
Passer montanus
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora apiculata
Arachnothera longirostra
Pellorneum ruficeps
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Ardeola bacchus
Pericrocotus divaricatus
Rubiaceae
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
Artamus fuscus
Phaenicophaeus tristis
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia alba
Athreptes malacensis
Phodilus badius
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia caseolaris
Aviceda leuphotes
Phylloscopus borealis
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia ovata
Butorides striatus
Phylloscopus coronatus
Sterculiaceae
Heritiera littoralis
Cacomantis merulinus
Phylloscopus inornatus
Tiliaceae
Brownlorwia tersa
Calidris temminckii
Phylloscopus schwarzi
Verbennacee
Avicennia alba
Caprimulgus macrurus
Phylloscopus tenellipes
Centropus sinensis
Verbennacee
Avicennia marina
Pitta moluccensis
Ceyx erithacus
Verbennacee
Avicennia officinalis
Pitta sordida
Chalcophaps indica
Pluvialis squatarola
Total 33
Charadrius alexandrinus
Prinia flaviventris
Table 2 Associate Mangrove Species
Charadrius dubius
Pycnonotus atriceps
Charadrius leschenaultii
Pycnonotus goiavier
Family Scientific
Name
Charadrius mongolus
Pycnonotus melanicterus
Aizoaceae
Sesuvium portulacastrum
Chlidonias leacopterus
Rhipidura javanica
Apocynaceae
Cerbera manghas
Copsychus malabaricus
Spilornis cheela
Apocynaceae
Cerbera odollam
Copsychus saularis
Sterna albifrons
Asclepiadaceae
Finlaysonia maritima
Coracias benghalensis
Streptopelia chinensis
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia racemosa
Corvus macrorhynchos
Streptopelia tranquebarica
Bignoniaceae
Dolichandrone spathacea
Criniger ochraceus
Treron curvirostra
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia
Crypsirin temia
Trichastoma abbotti
Compositae
Pluchea indica
Cuculus vagans
Trichastoma rostratum
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Cyanoptila cyanomelana
Tringa sp.
Chaetocarpus
Cyomis rubeculoides
Turnix tanki
Euphobiaceae
castanocarpus
Cyornis rufigastra
Tyto alba
Euphobiaceae
Sapium indicum
Cypsiurus balasiensis
Vanellus indicus
Euphobiaceae
Terminalia catappa
Dendronanthus indicus
Xenus cinereus
Flacourtiaceae
Scolopia macrophylla
Dicaeum concolor
122
Flagellariaceae
Flagellaria indica
Dicaeum cruentatum
Goodeniaceae
Scaevola taccada
Dicrurus leucophaeus
Guttiferae
Calophyllum inophyllum
Dicrurus macrocercus
Leguminosae
Cynometra iripa
Dicrurus paradiseus
Leguminosae
Derris indica
Ducula aenea
Leguminosae
Derris trifoliata
Ducula bicolor
Leguminosae
Intsia bijuga
Egretta alba
Malvaceae
Hibicus tiliaceus
Egretta garzetta
Malvaceae
Thespesia populnea
Egretta intermedea
Melastomaceae
Melastoma villosum
Egretta sacra
Meliaceae
Amoora cucullata
Elanus caeruleus
Meliaceae
Thespesia populneoides
Eudynamys scolopacea
Meliaceae
Xylocarpus rumphii
Ficedula zanthopygia
Myrsinaceae
Rapanea porteriana
Gallus gallus
Garrulax merulinus
Pandanaceae
Pandanus odoratissimus
Gracula religiosa
Rubiaceae
Guettarda speciosa
Halcyon chloris
Sapindaceae
Allophyllus cobbe
Halcyon pileata
Sapotaceae
Planchonella obovata
Halcyon smyrnensis
Verbennacee
Clerodendrm inerme
Haliaeetus leucogaster
Verbennacee
Eugenia grandis
Haliastur indus
Verbennacee
Eugenia limnaca
Harpactes erythrocephalus
Verbennacee
Eugenia spicata
Harpactes oreskios
Verbennacee
Premna obtusifolia
Heliopais personata
Total 36
Himantopus himantopus
15
Annex 2:
STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION PLAN
1. Stakeholder
identification
The following stakeholders in the project have been identified following site visits and a literature review.
Stakeholder Role
Royal Thai Government Departments
The Department of Marine and Coastal Resources
Project Co-ordinator, target for training
Royal Forest Department
Consultee, target for training
National Parks Department
Consultee, target for training
Fisheries Department
Consultee
Community Development Department
Consultee, target for training
Harbour Department
Target for policy development initiative.
Local Government
Office of the Governor of Trat Province
Project `figurehead' and target for policy initiatives
Coastal districts (Amphur) in Trat Province
Target for training
Coastal Sub district Administration Organizations (Or Implementation, Target for training, Communication
Bor Tors)
with local villagers.
Local community and conservation groups
Mangrove Conservation and Development Group
Implementation, Target for training, Communication
Thai Environmental Consulting Association
with local villagers.
`Truth' Savings and Conservation Group
Centre for Learning and Studying Nature and
Mangroves
Management and Planning for Mangrove Resources
Group
Villagers living in coastal communities
Low income groups who depend on mangroves for Target groups for conservation activities, awareness
their livelihoods
campaigns and income generating activities.
Small businesspeople who use mangroves for their
livelihoods
Indigenous fisher folk
Women
Schoolchildren
Low income groups who depend on mangroves for
their livelihoods
Small businesspeople who use mangroves for their
livelihoods
Conservation organizations
Wetlands International Thailand Project
Advisory role and networking.
RECOFTC
Kung Kraben Royal Project
Yadfon Association
Mangrove Action Project
Research organizations
RECOFTC
Technical advice and research.
Universities (yet to be decided: possibly Burapa,
Mahidol, Chulalongkorn, or Prince of Songkhla)
2.
Information dissemination and consultation
Information will be disseminated to stakeholders using as wide a range of techniques as possible, with
the aim of matching techniques to target groups. Communication at the management level will be
through a project management team of 5-10 key individuals (including significant representation from
women) composed of representatives of the principal stakeholder groups who will make key decisions
and determine the strategic direction of the project. Regular community based consultative meetings will
draw together stakeholders from a wider group to inform and consult them about project progress and
activities.
16
Organizational stakeholders will be informed about events and activities through notices and letters of
invitation. For the general public, word of mouth and personal invitation are important means of
communication in the Thai context, and so community based organizations such as Or Bor Tors and
local conservation groups will be asked to help pass on information to members of the public through
their networks.
A regular project newsletter will be prepared on a six monthly basis to inform the public about project
progress and help emphasise key conservation messages, and wherever possible local radio and
newspapers will be asked to help publicise project activities.
A range of publications will be produced through the project, ranging from public awareness campaign
material to technical publications aimed at specialists working in mangrove conservation.
Networking will be an important part of the project and the project will aim to create opportunities to
bring stakeholders of all types together to increase informal contact and communication between them.
Consultation will take place before key project activities take place in the form of meetings with
stakeholders for whom the activity has particular relevance. Activities will be guided by the views of
stakeholders and tailored to their needs to help ensure that project work is relevant to them. Where
necessary, different sectors of the community (for example women, shrimp farmers) will be consulted
separately on sensitive or complex issues rather than at open meetings.
3.
Stakeholder participation in planning, decision making, and execution
A high level of public participation is crucial to the success of this project, and the project will aim to
continue the tradition of successful public participation, which has characterized previous mangrove
conservation initiatives in the target area.
Efforts to encourage participation from as broad as possible a range of local people will continue
throughout the project. The project will be launched with an `open day' style event, open to all, to
celebrate the mangrove conservation work which has already taken place, introduce the project team,
and explain the project objectives. The day will include workshop style sessions where participants will
be asked to identify priorities, opportunities, and particular needs. Similar high profile events will take
place at the project midpoint, where progress will be evaluated and the direction for the second phase
set, and at the end of the project, where there will be an opportunity for evaluating lessons learned and
discussing sustainability of efforts following cessation of GEF project grant assistance.
On key issues and at key stages during the project, stakeholder meetings will be organized to plan the
way forward and make decisions. These will be integrated as far as possible with project forum meetings
and participants will be drawn from a similar constituency.
Execution of conservation activities will take place mainly at the level of grassroots organizations and will
be led by locally based conservation groups. The groups will plan and organize activities for themselves
with support from the project team if required.
Training activities will probably be led by outside trainers, but to meet objectives agreed beforehand with
participants and at times and venues chosen by participants. Training activities organized through the
project, and particularly training activities targeted towards local villagers, will be organized using
participatory methods. It is anticipated that training work aimed at strengthening the capacity of local
grassroots organizations will include an element of training in using participatory approaches to
development work.
4.
Social and participation issues
· Project managers will need to be aware of gender issues during the implementation of the project.
Certain project activities will need to be devised with gender roles in mind and in some cases
activities should be specifically targeted towards women. This is likely to be particularly important in
work relating to income generation and livelihood diversification. Although it is acceptable for men
and women to spend time together in Thai society it is common for them to work and socialize
separately outside the family.
17
· The economic aspects of this project will be most effective if they are targeted on the most needy in
the community particularly those on low income. However, it is usually very difficult to involve the
most needy in community projects - for example, because they cannot afford to take time out from
making a living, or because it is hard to reach them to inform them about an initiative, or simply
because they may lack the confidence to join in. In order to reach the needier sections of the target
communities a special effort will be required. Locally based facilitators should work with local
community groups to make a special effort to invite and encourage the less well off to attend project
activities which are relevant to them. The atmosphere at the event should be carefully managed so
as not to be intimidating and financial support in the form of a per diem for attendance should be
provided.
· Hierarchy and deference to authority have traditionally had an important place in Thai society.
Although this is changing, an appreciation of one's place in the social ladder is still often an important
factor in rural culture. This can pose challenges to projects based around participatory approaches. A
group may expect those in positions of authority to find solutions to problems, rather than look
collectively for ways forward. Teachers and leaders are to be listened to and obeyed, rather than
treated as equals in a discussion. A suggestion from a senior member of the community is unlikely to
meet disagreement from others of lesser status, however impractical it may be. Although these
cultural factors are in no way insuperable obstacles to public participation, they need to be kept in
mind when planning project activities and wherever possible local facilitators who are aware of such
dynamics within the community should be engaged to help run meetings and activities.
· In Thai society presentation is traditionally important, which can sometimes result in form becoming
more important than substance, or people `going through the motions' just to put on a good show.
Project managers may need to make a particular effort to ensure that participants fully understand
the objectives of activities so as to reduce the risk that effort is wasted or misdirected because the
wish to put on a good show becomes more important than the need to take meaningful action.
· The aim of this project is to establish a project to demonstrate successful community participation in
mangrove conservation. As a result of a series of initiatives stretching back for several years, local
villagers have been heavily exposed to participatory approaches in development work. The project
should aid the development of community leaders as effective practitioners in participatory working,
not only for the benefit of their own communities, but also so that they can advocate and demonstrate
the approach to others who wish to learn from the experiences of the Trat villagers.
18
Annex 3:
CAUSAL CHAIN ANALYSIS
Core problem
Immediate threats
Underlying threats
Interventions
Illegal cutting
for building
Income
materials
Income
generation
shortages for
and schemes
poorer local
to increase
people
Illegal cutting
financial
for charcoal
security
burning
Information
Illegal
Lack of public
and
encroachment
awareness on
education to
improve
and clearance
value of
for settlement
mangroves
perception of
mangroves
Illegal
Loss of
encroachment
Desire for
Demarcation
biodiversity
and clearance
cheap land
and
along Trat
for aquaculture
and profit
enforcement
coastline
and shrimp
of
farming
conservation
areas
Destructive
Desire to
(Government
commercial
maximize
and
fishing
catch and
community)
profit
Coastal
Harbour
Revise policy
on coastal
erosion
Department
works
works
Lack of
Waste
appropriate
Introduce
waste
dumping
and
management
accessible
framework
means of
A causal chain analysis has been conducted for the threats to biodiversity in the mangrove forests along
the Trat coastline. From the analysis diagram it can be seen that the principal immediate threats relate to
illegal cutting of trees and illegal encroachment and settlement into mangrove areas. Interventions
identified to tackle these threats are schemes to generate increase income and financial security;
information and education campaigns to increase awareness of the value of mangrove forests; and the
establishment and enforcement of conservation areas by government departments and local
communities.
The three immediate threats shown at the bottom of the analysis diagram are considered to be lesser
threats of secondary importance (particularly coastal erosion and waste dumping) and responses to
these threats will therefore have a lower priority among project activities.
Objectives and activities proposed for the project are therefore based around the means of intervention
identified through the causal chain analysis. However, it should be noted that the aims of the project are
not solely to secure the Trat coastline area against further threats to its biodiversity, but to act as a
`showcase' to demonstrate successful public participation in mangrove conservation and to continue with
work to rehabilitate degraded areas. As a result, not all of the activities proposed in the project relate
back directly to the causal chain analysis.
19
Annex 4:
BUDGET
Table 1
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration with
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
1.
MANAGEMENT
1.1 Establishment of Management
Framework and networks of
community based stakeholder
groups
1.1.1
Appoint
project
personnel
[site
manager, administrative and,
0.00
0.00
0.00
finance officer, driver]:
Site
Manager
54,000.00
0.00
54,000.00
54,000.00 60,000 bt per month
Field
officer
21,600.00
0.00
21,600.00
21,600.00 24,000 per mth
Government
Officers
76,452.00
76,452.00
0.00
76,452.00
Admin
and
finance
officer
21,600.00
3,150.00
3,150.00
21,600.00
24,750.00 24,000
per
mth
1.1.2 Establish project office in the
Mangrove Resources Research
Office in kind from DMCR.
Station Area 4 and establish
4,000.00
7,850.00
1,500.00
9,350.00
4,000.00
13,350.00 UNEP: Computer,
cross-border communication
furniture etc
arrangements
1.1.3
Formally
Establish
Trat
Management Board and Senior
0.00
0.00
0.00
Advisory Group under authority of
the DG DMCR.
1.1.4 Establish the elements of the
community based management
framework encompassing 7
villages (Tatapao / Namchieo
0.00
0.00
0.00
conservation forest). Define the
modes of communication, and
frequency of consultations (at
least monthly).
18 meetings, 14 people.
1.1.5 Convene quarterly meetings of
For each person food @
the Management Board and half
5,700.00
13,020.00
13,020.00
5,700.00
18,720.00 250 bt, per diem @ 300 bt
yearly meetings of the Senior
food, also one flight to
Advisory Group
BKK 4000 bt
1.1.6
Convene
quarterly
community
Possible visitors from Cam
12 meetings, 25 people,
meetings of the 21 village
3,900.00
0.00
3,900.00
3,900.00
attend one meeting - also
500 bt per person
representatives in Trat Province.
Thai reps go to Cam?
1.1.7 Prepare half yearly progress and
expenditure reports for UNEP,
0.00
0.00
0.00
Management Board and NTWG.
1.1.8 Independent evaluation of project
progress at mid-point and end of
Possibly carried out by same
9,000.00
0.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
GEF grant support by a regional
evaluator?
expert.
1.1.9 Prepare and submission of final
Printing, binding, copying
project summary report to
150.00
2,100.00
2,100.00
150.00
2,250.00
50 copies: 6000 baht
UNEP/GEF.
20
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration with
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
1.2 Prepare a comprehensive
management plan for the habitats
and resources of the site including
maps of forest areas and designated
land uses including conservation
areas.
1.2.1
Assemble
all
existing
environmental and socio-
Joint - needs to be same
$3,000 for both Thailand
economic data into a single
format GIS. Agree format
and Cambodia - assume
comprehensive GIS database;
3,000.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
6,000.00
through tech working group.
held in central budget by
identify information gaps and
Observer from Cambodia
UNEP SCS
design necessary baseline
attends to observe.
surveys.
1.2.2 Conduct an evaluation of current
Results of survey must be
stakeholders' patterns of use
shared. Survey design by
through site level social surveys;
3,500.00
2,200.00
2,200.00
3,500.00
5,700.00 By
consultant
technical working group.
economic values of habitats and
Cambodia observes survey
resources net sales value and
work?
costs of production
1.2.3 Undertake rapid baseline surveys
as required to assess current
Results of survey must be
By consultant with five
condition of mangrove resources,
shared. Survey design by
graduate survey staff,
and threats Preparation of an
6,000.00
2,200.00
2,200.00
6,000.00
8,200.00
technical working group.
three months, at least
overall report on: environmental
Cambodia observes survey
200,000 baht
state of mangroves; stakeholder
work?
present use, and economic value
1.2.4
Organise
appropriate
consultations at the community
(Village Chairperson/head) for
clearance of the outputs from
1.2.2 and 1.2.3 above. Provincial
2,500.00
0.00
2,500.00
2,500.00 One meeting, 15 people
government consultations to
discuss and clear the report on
stakeholder use and economic
values
1.2.5 Preparation of initial draft
management plan based on
existing plans, GIS data and
Prepared by project staff.
initial stakeholder consultations
Print costs 100 copies
Consultation between joint
including zoning plans for
12,000 baht. Stakeholder working board and technical
conservation and marine
500.00
300.00
0.00
800.00
800.00 meetings: 4 meetings, 10 working groups. Will be
protection, sustainable use,
people each, 500 baht per some joint policies.
buffer zones, restoration
person
activities, rules and regulations
and actions in response to
breach of such rules.
1.2.6 Review of initial draft by
One meeting, 20 key
community representatives (7
250.00
0.00
250.00
250.00 people, 500 baht per
villages) and meeting/workshop
person)
to critically review the draft.
21
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total Comments on
collaboration
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000 GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
1.2.7 Revision of the draft including
100 copies, high quality
preparation of final maps and
375.00
0.00
375.00
375.00
report, 150 baht per copy
charts of use areas and zones
1.2.8
Finalisation
and
submission
of
the management plan to
management board for
recommendation to Provincial
0.00
0.00
0.00
Governor and Office of
Environmental Policy and
Planning for final approval
1.2.9
Immediate
Actions
to
implement
Wil depend on content of
the management plan including
management plan!! Assume
publication and distribution of
0.00
0.00
0.00
in kind from DMCR, 100000
use zone maps installation of
bt costs
signpost areas, marker buoys.
Funded by DMCR: training
for volunteers and rangers
1.2.10 Establish a patrol system and
(20%), per diem for
Exchanges between
undertake community based
9,000.00
3,000.00 3,000.00
9,000.00
12,000.00 volunteers (80%). Does not patrols: Thai - Cam
patrols.
include other enforcement
visits to observe.
work, which will also be
funded by DMCR.
1.2.11
Undertake
maintenance
activities as programmed in
management plan through the
350,000.00
350,000.00
0.00
350,000.00 Funded by DMCR
work of community members,
DMCR staff, or contractors as
appropriate.
1.3 Investigate and identify appropriate
reforestation techniques and design
and implement replanting and
maintenance programme.
1.3.1
Document
the
processes,
success and failures of activities
To be done by project staff
Exchange information.
and processes involved in
and DMCR staff (5 days, $70
350.00 350.00
2,100.00
2,100.00
700.00
2,800.00
Joint evaluation will
developing co-management of
per day - over and above
help.
mangrove forests, in the Trat
core 20%)
mangrove area.
1.3.2
Evaluate
previous
experience
of
Project staff with consultant Provide information to
mangrove restoration in Thailand
($70, three days, flight from Cambodia. Study
and identify appropriate
450.00 1,000.00
2,100.00
2,100.00
1,450.00
3,550.00 BKK, 1,500 bt accom and per visits from Cambodia
techniques for trialling in Trat
diem)
to Thailand.
Province
Consultation meetings in 21
1.3.3 Design in ful consultation with
villages, assume 20 people, Exchange information
local communities a long-term
500.00 2,500.00
2,100.00
280.00
2,380.00
3,000.00
5,380.00 200 baht per person. Also
and maybe agree on
programme of replanting and
facilitator for meeting 1000
types of areas.
mangrove restoration in the area
baht per day
1.3.4
Undertake
pilot
activities
regarding natural mangrove
UNEP for expert
Technical visitors from
recolonisation following
2,500.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
2,500.00
12,500.00 consultancy, DMCR for site Cambodia to observe
restoration of hydrological
work
conditions.
22
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on costings
collaboration
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
Same contract as 1.3.2. DMCR
target for replanting average
1.3.5
Undertake
regular
community
2000 rai per year. Six events,
mangrove planting activities and
UNEP pay event costs: 150
Technical visitors from
twice annual high profile planting
630,000.00
630,000.00
0.00 630,000.00 person per event, 200 baht per Cambodia to observe
events to mark special
person food and transport.
occasions.
DMCR pay planting costs @
4200 bt per rai
1.3.6 Monitor successes and failures in
Joint activity looking at
rehabilitation efforts and prepare
Project staff and small
both Thai and
500.00
0.00
500.00
500.00
guidelines for future use at the
consultancy 20,000 baht
Cambodia. Joint
community level .
evaluation will help
2.
DEVELOP A BUSINESS PLAN FOR TRAD
PROVINCE MANGROVES SUSTAINABLE
FINANCING
2.1
Diversification of income sources and
improving financial security of local
people with low incomes, including
identification of new revenue streams
and new opportunities
2.1.1
Through
community
consultation,
agree an appropriate and
realistic sustainable use strategy
Two meetings, 20 people, 500
for mangrove products and
baht per person. Consultancy - Joint. Needs to be
options for development of
13,000.00
6,300.00
6,300.00
13,000.00
19,300.00 Dr Tanwa? - 500,000 baht
crossborder strategy
community businesses based on
minimum
an analysis of potential future
uses, value, net income and
costs
2.1.2
Evaluate
the
feasibility
of
community businesses based
Joint. Needs to be
around sustainable uses both
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
crossborder strategy
current and potential new uses of
mangrove resources
2.1.3
Undertake
market
research.
Identify potential pilot activities
Joint. Needs to be
and sites and, where feasible,
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
crossborder strategy
promote the establishment of
such businesses.
2.1.4 Investigate need for funding to
stimulate and support community
businesses and options for
providing funding, including the
Joint. Needs to be
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
identification of existing sources
crossborder strategy
of funding and the scope for
establishment of a micro-credit
scheme
2.1.5 Establishment of micro-financing
funds and operation following
Joint. Needs to be
agreement of disbursement
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
crossborder strategy
procedures and financial
controls.
23
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration with
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
2.2 Financial sustainability of Trat
Province Mangrove Management
framework and plan
Needs to be joint initiative
2.2.1 Evaluate Provincial level net
carried out to similar
income and Existing revenue,
format as part of same
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
(through resource and other
sub-project but not sure if
taxes, licence fees etc.)
same person can do the
job in both countries.
Needs to be joint initiative
carried out to similar
2.2.2 Evaluate existing management
format as part of same
costs (government agencies
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
sub-project but not sure if
costs)
same person can do the
job in both countries.
Needs to be joint initiative
2.2.3 Develop an appropriate financial
carried out to similar
plan based on actual and
format as part of same
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
potential revenue and agreed
sub-project but not sure if
revenue collection procedures
same person can do the
job in both countries.
Needs to be joint initiative
2.2.4 Approval and establishment of
carried out to similar
financial management
format as part of same
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.1.2
mechanisms at provincial and
sub-project but not sure if
community levels
same person can do the
job in both countries.
2.3
Investigate the feasibility of
ecotourism locally to generate
income and promote the role of the
demonstration centre.
2.3.1
Discuss
and
evaluate
ecotourism
opportunities with local
Ecotourism consultancy
Joint. Needs to be
communities and raise
3,750.00
2,200.00
2,200.00
3,750.00
5,950.00 150,000 baht
crossborder strategy
awareness of the meaning and
limitations of ecotourism.
2.3.2 Identify features of interest (such
Joint. Needs to be
as fire flies, bird species) and
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.3.1. crossborder strategy
suitable locations.
2.3.3 Establish a simple model activity
Establish in TL but keep
(eg boat tours, boardwalk) to act
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.3.1. Camb informed and
as an entry point into ecotourism.
arrange visit to observe
2.3.4 Provide training required (eg tour
guide training) and establish
Plan training jointly but
0.00
0.00
0.00 Same consultancy as 2.3.1.
support structures to promote
deliver separately.
and maintain the model activity.
24
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
3 TRAINING, EDUCATION AND
AWARENESS
3.1
Public
Awareness:
Enhance
awareness and understanding of
mangroves at all levels of
government, civil society, and
communities
3.1.1 Develop the existing Learning
Centre in Pred Nai Village to help
Community project for village.
promote demonstration site role
3,000.00
0.00
3,000.00
3,000.00 120,000 baht. Refurbish and
and disseminate information
redecorate centre
materials.
3.1.2
Prepare
exhibition
materials
for
the centre, develop information
Divide between materials and
1,500.00
1,000.00
2,100.00
2,100.00
2,500.00
4,600.00
resources including simple
cost of preparation
database, displays etc.
3.1.3 Publicise the role of the Learning
Centre through local radio,
Small budget for
television and print media
refreshments, hospitality for Cambodian guests
1,250.00
0.00
1,250.00
1,250.00
arrange a programme of visits by
formal visits to centre over 3 visit
schools and other civil society
years.
groups.
3.1.4 Liaise with local media to
Invite press to joint
organise TV and radio
events in Thailand.
broadcasts and news articles
Maybe investigate
0.00
0.00
0.00 Opportunistic
basis
about mangrove conservation,
scope of Thai TV
demonstration site activities and
filming in Camb
the project.
mangroves?
3.1.5
Prepare
quarterly
project
Print costs 1,000 leaflets, 2
600.00
0.00
600.00
600.00
newsletters for stakeholders.
baht each
3.1.6 Submit at least one paper per
year on the major outcomes of
Preparation of photos /
Maybe paper from joint
0.00
0.00
0.00
the project activities to
materials / graphics
research project?
international research journals.
3.1.7 Arrange "open days" for the press
to visit and view the project's
Hospitality costs in 3.1.3
0.00
0.00
0.00
mangrove conservation work
above
when suitable opportunities arise.
3.1.8 Organise annual visits to the site
National seminar -
for around 50 community
Cambodian guests can
international speakers can
representatives involved in
3,000.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
3,000.00
15,000.00
attend with interpreter
attend. Advertising, venue
sustainable use of mangroves
if they wish
booking, food, per diems
from outside Trat Province.
3.2 Training
3.2.1
Undertake
training
needs
assessment and prepare training
programme targeting local and
provincial government officers,
DMCR Staff advise (over and
and local communities. Identify in
2,500.00
0.00
2,500.00
2,500.00 above 25% requirement) say
close consultation with the entites
2 days equivalent
concerned needs for specific
training in areas such as coastal
zone management
25
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
3.2.2
Implement
the
training
programme at the community
level; it is envisaged that training
needs may include but not be
limited to: financial management
and basic business skills based
4 courses: local people. 2 x 2
around sustainable use of
days, 2 x 1 day. 50 people
Standing invitation for
mangroves.; principles and
per course 500 baht per day Cambodian guests to
practice of community forest
4,800.00
4,300.00
4,300.00
4,800.00
9,100.00 including per diem. Trainers attend training events
management; technical
fees 2,500 baht per day, plus as part of capacity
monitoring for selected local
travel (assume 2 flights from building programme.
people (eg salinity monitoring,
BKK at 4,000 baht each)
identification of acid sulphate
soils areas, tree growth
monitoring and
presentation/interpretation of
scientific data).
Standing invitation for
3.2.3
Undertake
training
in
Cambodian guests to
enforcement for community
1,500.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
1,500.00
13,500.00
attend training events
volunteers.
as part of capacity
building programme.
3.2.4
Implement
the
targeted
training
programme for government
agencies and personnel. It is
Standing invitation for
envisaged that training needs
2 courses: govt officials, 1
Cambodian guests to
may include but not be limited to
day, 50 people per day, 500
1,250.00
1,100.00
1,100.00
1,250.00
2,350.00
attend training events
training for harbours staff on
baht per person plus per
as part of capacity
coastal transport modelling,
diem
building programme.
erosion prevention, and
sustainable alternatives to `hard'
coast defences.
3.2.5
Identify
opportunities
for
group
1 trip: three people, three
study tours (including DMCR
days, 30,000 baht per person
mangrove management staff and
including flight for one trip eg
selected NGO and community
Include sites in
5,250.00
1,100.00
1,100.00
5,250.00
6,350.00 Vietnam, Philippines. 1 trip to
group members from Trat
Cambodia
Cambodia, six people, three
Province) to selected mangrove
days, 20000 baht per person.
management sites in the South
Key technical staff
China Sea region.
One meeting in
3.2.6
Arrange
appropriate
workshops
One meeting joint Thai -
Thailand with
to learn from and network with
Cambodia, 15 people, govt / representatives from
1,500.00
3,300.00
3,300.00
1,500.00
4,800.00
communities engaged in similar
NGO / community reps, 500 Thailand: 15 people
activities.
baht per person per day
from each side, Govt /
NGO / community
3.3
Education / publicity
Design and printing costs,
3.3.1
Prepare
and
distribute
posters,
250 copies of poster, Trat /
brochures and booklets on topics
Cambodia mangroves
Common format
of relevance to mangroves and
5,000.00
0.00
5,000.00
5,000.00 booklet, three technical
translated into each
coastal management as identified
publications 16 pages each, language
in the training needs assessment.
200 baht each High quality
finish
26
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
3.3.2
Develop
appropriate
targeted
educational material about the
Consultants advice from
ecology and value of mangroves
Common format
WITP on targeting and
to inform and educate local
translated into each
design: 2 days @ $70 / day.
school children (30+ primary
7,500.00
0.00
7,500.00
7,500.00
language. Subcontract
Production and design costs:
schools, 10 secondary schools)
eg to Wetlands
complete guess !! based on
about the value of mangroves
International
costs for 3.3.1 x 1.5
and the benefits of a sustainable
approach to development..
3.3.3
Print
and
distribute
educational
Included in previous two
Print in one place,
material through appropriate
0.00
0.00
0.00 activities
distribute sepately.
channels.
3.3.4 Organise 3 youth camps
4,500.00
6,300.00
6,300.00
4,500.00
10,800.00
3.3.5
Organise
3
community
events/theme days 30 people per
3,200.00
0.00
3,200.00
3,200.00
event including press and media
In-kind support costed elsewhere
3.3.5
National/Regional
Annual
conference/working meeting on
mangrove status and
rehabilitation - GEF budget for
45,000.00
3,300.00
3,300.00
45,000.00
48,300.00
regional and international
participation, Co-financing for
national participation
27
Table 1 continued
Budget by component and activity.
$US $US $US
GEF1000
Government
Possible
DMCR UNEP Total
Comments on
collaboration
costings
GEF1000
GEF2000 GEF3000 GEF4000 GEF5000 GOV1000 GOV2000 GOV3000
GOV4000 GOV5000
with Cambodia
Component
Training,
4000
2000
5000 Misc
Sub-component
1000
mtgs,
Equipment
Sub-
and
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Personnel
wkshops,
and
Activities
contracts
reporting
tours
premises
JOINT ACTIVITIES WITH CAMBODIA
Set up joint management board
0.00
0.00
0.00
Set up technical working group
0.00
0.00
0.00
Two meetings: local costs,
two meetings: travel to
Cambodia. 14 people: travel
Joint management board meetings (alternate in each
to Cambodia 5,000 baht,
9,000.00
3,920.00
3,920.00
9,000.00
12,920.00
country)
local meeting costs 550 baht
per person for 30 people plus
4 flights from Bangkok
@4,000 baht
Initial Joint Technical Workshops to define baseline
4,000.00
2,800.00
2,800.00
4,000.00
6,800.00
requirements
Two streams: biological/ GIS,
socio-economic. Three
meetings per year each
stream. One person per
Programme of joint technical workshops
6,000.00
8,400.00
8,400.00
6,000.00
14,400.00 night in Cambodia: 5000
baht. Five people per
meeting from Thailand.
Three flights from BKK (Dr
Anond) @4,000 bt)
MISCELLANEOUS
Sundries / postage / disposables / audit fees
3,600.00
2,400.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
6,000.00
9,000.00 3000 baht per month
etc.
400 baht per page, 500
Translation and Interpretation
7,500.00
0.00
7,500.00
7,500.00 pages. 2,000 baht per day
spoken, 25 days.
Staff Travel (Cambodia) (act.1.1.6)
4,250.00
0.00
4,250.00
4,250.00
Staff Travel (Local road travel)
4,500.00
15,000.00
15,000.00
4,500.00
19,500.00
Staff travel (internal air travel)
1,750.00
0.00
1,750.00
1,750.00
Staff Travel (Regional/International)
3,250.00
0.00
3,250.00
3,250.00
Senior Professional Consultants for
advice/guidance to management board and
site manager on specific tasks - 3 man/mths
4,500.00
0.00
4,500.00
4,500.00
per year activities to be defined between July
2004 and June 30th 2005.
Technical consultants to Site Manager and
Field Officer 3 man/mths per year for GEF 30
14,000.00 6,000.00
6,000.00
14,000.00
20,000.00
days Gov Officers from Bangkok
Masters student GIS
9,000.00
6,900.00
6,900.00
9,000.00
15,900.00
Masters student social sciences/community
9,000.00
6,900.00
6,900.00
9,000.00
15,900.00
forestry
Masters student biological sciences,
9,000.00
6,900.00
6,900.00
9,000.00
15,900.00
biodiversity
TOTAL 140,250.00 35,750.00 131,350.00
7,600.00
39,425.00 454,802.00 658,000.00
92,220.00 10,850.00
9,000.00
1,224,872.00 354,375.00
1,579,247.00
28
Table 2
Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
Total
Total
Total
All
GEF
GOV
GEF GOV
GEF GOV
GEF GOV'T
2005
2006
2007
Sources
1000 PROJECT PERSONNEL COMPONENT
1100 Project Personnel w/m (Show title/grade)
1101 F/T Site Manager (act. 1.1.1)
18,000
0
18,000
18,000
0
18,000
18,000
0
18,000
54,000
0
54,000
1102 F/T Field Officer (act. 1.1.1)
7,200
0
7,200
7,200
0
7,200
7,200
0
7,200
21,600
0
21,600
1103 F/T Admin & Finance Officer (act. 1.1.1)
7,200
0
7,200
7,200
0
7,200
7,200
0
7,200
21,600
0
21,600
Gov't Officer's paid through DCMR Chief of Mangrove
1104
0
5,384
5,384
0 5,384
5,384
0
5,384
5,384
0
16,152
16,152
Development Station
Gov't Officer's paid through DCMR Chief of Mangrove
1105
0
5,976
5,976
0 5,976
5,976
0
5,976
5,976
0
17,928
17,928
Research Station
Gov't Officer's paid through DCMR Director Mangrove
1106
0 10,124
10,124
0 10,124
10,124
0
10,124
10,124
0
30,372
30,372
Management Division No. 1
Activity 1.2.10 Forest Patrols by rangers and community
1108
0
0
0
0 3,000
3,000
9,000
9,000
18,000
9,000
12,000
21,000
volunteers from 21 villages
Activity 1.2.11 Forest Maintenance (weeding, pruning,
1109 thinning and channel maintenance) approximately 85-90
0 70,000
70,000
0 140,000 140,000
0 140,000 140,000
0
350,000
350,000
people employed through government.
1199 Total
32,400 91,484 123,884
32,400 164,484 196,884
41,400 170,484 211,884
106,200
426,452
532,652
1200 Consultants w/m (Give description of activity/service)
Technical consultants to Site Manager and Field Officer
1201 3 man/mths per year for GEF 30 days Gov Officers from
5,500
2,000
7,500
5,000
2,000
7,000
3,500
2,000
5,500
14,000
6,000
20,000
Bangkok
1.3.1 Consultant to assist in production of the final
review of success and failures of activities and
1202
0
0
0
0 0
0
350
0
350
350
0
350
processes involved in co-management of mangrove
forests, in the Trat mangrove area.
1.3.2 preparation of a review of previous experience with
mangrove re-habilitation in Thailand and identification of
1203
450
2,100
2,550
0 0
0
0
0
0
450
2,100
2,550
appropriate techniques for trialling in Trat Province. In-
kind inputs from specialists
1.3.3 Consultancy to assist in design of the long-term re-
1204
500
2,100
2,600
0 0
0
0
0
0
500
2,100
2,600
habilitation programme
Monitoring of replanting and preparation of guidelines
1205
0
0
0
200 0
200
300
0
300
500
0
500
on replanting 1.3.6
Senior Professional Consultants for advice/guidance to
management board and site manager on specific tasks -
1206
500
0
500
2,000 0
2,000
2,000
0
2,000
4,500
0
4,500
3 man/mths per year activities to be defined between
July 2004 and June 30th 2005. Including activity 3.3.2
1299 Total
6,950
6,200
13,150
7,200
2,000
9,200
6,150
2,000
8,150
20,300
10,200
30,500
29
Table 2 continued
Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
1300 Administrative support w/m (Show title/grade)
1301 Gov't Secretarial support staff paid through DCMR
0
450
450
0
450
450
0
450
450
0
1,350
1,350
1302 Gov't research assistant, support staff paid through
0
600
600
0 600
600
0
600
600
0
1,800
1,800
DCMR
1399 Total
0
1,050
1,050
0
1,050
1,050
0
1,050
1,050
0
3,150
3,150
1400 Volunteers w/m
1401
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1499 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1600 Travel on official business
1601 Staff Travel (Cambodia) (act.1.1.6)
1,250
0
1,250
1,500
0
1,500
1,500
0
1,500
4,250
0
4,250
1602 Staff Travel (Local road travel)
1,500
5,000
6,500
1,500
5,000
6,500
1,500
5,000
6,500
4,500
15,000
19,500
1603 Staff travel (internal air travel)
1,000
0
1,000
500 0
500
250
0
250
1,750
0
1,750
1604 Staff Travel (Regional/International)
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,250
0
3,250
3,250
0
3,250
1699 Total
3,750
5,000
8,750
3,500
5,000
8,500
6,500
5,000
11,500
13,750
15,000
28,750
1999 Component Total
43,100 103,734 146,834
43,100 172,534 215,634
54,050 178,534 232,584
140,250
454,802
595,052
2000 SUB-CONTRACT COMPONENT
2100 Sub-contracts (MoU's/LA's for UN cooperating agencies)
2101
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2199 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2200 Sub-contracts (MoU's/LA's for non-profit SOs)
2201 Activity 1.2.1 Contract with SEA START-RC 30 days in-
2,500
2,200
4,700
500
800
1,300
0
0
0
3,000
3,000
6,000
kind from local staff
2202 1.2.2 Evaluation of current stakeholders' patterns of use
2,000
1,100
3,100
1,500
1,100
2,600
0
0
0
3,500
2,200
5,700
through site level social surveys; economic values of
habitats and resources net sales value and costs of
production. 30 man days in-kind from local staff
2203 1.2.3 Undertake rapid baseline surveys as required to
4,000
1,100
5,100
2,000
1,100
3,100
0
0
0
6,000
2,200
8,200
assess current condition of mangrove resources, and
threats Preparation of an overall report on:
environmental state of mangroves; stakeholder present
use, and economic value. 30 man days from local staff
2204 1.3.4 Design and oversee pilot activities regarding
0
0
0
2,500 10,000
12,500
0
0
0
2,500
10,000
12,500
natural mangrove recolonisation following restoration of
hydrological conditions.
2205 1.3.5 Undertake regular community mangrove planting
0 126,000 126,000
0 252,000 252,000
0 252,000 252,000
0
630,000
630,000
activities and twice annual high profile planting events to
mark special occasions. Target is around 300 hectares
of plantation per year via community contracts, hired
labour and individual grants as appropriate
30
Table 2 continued Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
2206 Activities 2.1.1 - 2.2.4 Through community consultation,
0
0
0
5,000
2,100
7,100
8,000
4,200
12,200
13,000
6,300
19,300
agree an appropriate and realistic sustainable use
strategy for mangrove products and options for
development of community businesses based on an
analysis of potential future uses, value, net income and
costs 90 days in-kind support local staff
2207 2.3.1 Discuss and evaluate ecotourism opportunities with
0
0
0
3,750
2,200
5,950
0
0
0
3,750
2,200
5,950
local communities and raise awareness of the meaning
and limitations of ecotourism.
2208 3.1.2. Prepare exhibition materials for the centre,
1,500
2,100
3,600
0 0
0
0
0
0
1,500
2,100
3,600
develop information resources including simple
database, displays etc. 30 man days from local staff
2209 3.2.1 Undertake training needs assessment and prepare
2,500
0
2,500
0 0
0
0
0
0
2,500
0
2,500
training programme targeting local and provincial
government officers, and local communities. Identify in
close consultation with the entites concerned needs for
specific training in areas such as coastal zone
management
2299 Total
12,500 132,500 145,000
15,250 269,300 284,550
8,000 256,200 264,200
35,750
658,000
693,750
2300 Sub-contracts (commercial purposes)
2301
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2399 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2999 Component Total
12,500 132,500 145,000
15,250 269,300 284,550
8,000 256,200 264,200
35,750
658,000
693,750
3000 TRAINING COMPONENT
3100 Fellowships (total stipend/fees, travel, costs, etc)
3101 Masters
student
GIS
3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
9,000
6,900
15,900
3102 Masters student social sciences/community forestry 3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
9,000
6,900
15,900
3103 Masters student biological sciences, biodiversity
3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
3,000
2,300
5,300
9,000
6,900
15,900
3199 Total
9,000
6,900
15,900
9,000
6,900
15,900
9,000
6,900
15,900
27,000
20,700
47,700
3200 Group training (study tours, field trips, workshops, seminars, etc)
3201 1.2.10 Training of volunteers and rangers
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
3,000
3,000
0
3,000
3,000
3202 3.1.9 Organise annual visits to the site for around 50
0
0
0
1,000 4,000
5,000
2,000
8,000
10,000
3,000
12,000
15,000
community representatives involved in sustainable use
of mangroves from outside Trat Province.
31
Table 2 continued Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
3203 3.2.2 Implement the training programme at the
1,200
0
1,200
2,400
3,200
5,600
1,200
1,100
2,300
4,800
4,300
9,100
community level; it is envisaged that training needs may
include but not be limited to: financial management and
basic business skills based around sustainable use of
mangroves.; principles and practice of community forest
management; technical monitoring for selected local
people (eg salinity monitoring, identification of acid
sulphate soils areas, tree growth monitoring and
presentation/interpretation of scientific data).
3204 3.2.3 Undertake training in enforcement for community
0
0
0
750
6,000
6,750
750
6,000
6,750
1,500
12,000
13,500
volunteers.
3205 3.2.4 Implement the targeted training programme for
0
0
0
1,250
1,100
2,350
0
0
0
1,250
1,100
2,350
government agencies and personnel. It is envisaged that
training needs may include but not be limited to training
for harbours staff on coastal transport modelling, erosion
prevention, and sustainable alternatives to `hard' coast
defences.
3206 3.2.5 Identify opportunities for and execute group study
0
0
0
0
0
0
5,250
1,100
6,350
5,250
1,100
6,350
tours (including DMCR mangrove management staff and
selected NGO and community group members from Trat
Province) to selected mangrove management sites in the
South China Sea region.
3207 3.2.6 Arrange appropriate workshops to learn from and
0
0
0
500
1,100
1,600
1,000
2,200
3,200
1,500
3,300
4,800
network with communities engaged in similar activities.
3208 3.3.4 Organise and implement 3 youth camps, for 50
0
0
0
3,000
4,200
7,200
1,500
2,100
3,600
4,500
6,300
10,800
children, 4 days each.
3299 Total
1,200
0
1,200
8,900 19,600
28,500
11,700
23,500
35,200
21,800
43,100
64,900
3300 Meetings/conferences (give title)
3301 1.1.5 Quarterly meetings of the Management Board
1,400
3,360
4,760
1,400
3,360
4,760
1,400
3,360
4,760
4,200
10,080
14,280
3302 1.1.5 Half yearly meetings of the Senior Advisory Group
500
980
1,480
500
980
1,480
500
980
1,480
1,500
2,940
4,440
3303 1.1.6 Quarterly community meetings of the 21 village
1,300
0
1,300
1,300 0
1,300
1,300
0
1,300
3,900
0
3,900
representatives in Trat Province.
3304 Joint meetings of the management board alternately in
3,000
1,960
4,960
3,000
980
3,980
3,000
980
3,980
9,000
3,920
12,920
Thailand and Cambodia (Thai costs only)
3305 Joint Technical workshops (2) with Cambodian
4,000
2,800
6,800
0 0
0
0
0
0
4,000
2,800
6,800
participation on GIS baseline, ecological and
environmental rapid survey techniques and data formats
and one on social and economic survey design
regarding current and future uses and economic values.
In-kind 8 Thai participants 5 days
3306 On-going programme of joint technical workshops to
2,500
2,800
5,300
2,500
2,800
5,300
1,000
2,800
3,800
6,000
8,400
14,400
exchange data and experiences between Cambodia and
Thailand
32
Table 2 continued Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
3307 1.2.4 Organise appropriate consultations at the
2,500
0
2,500
0 0
0
0
0
0
2,500
0
2,500
community (Village Chairperson/head) for initial
consultations and clearance of the outputs from 1.2.2
and 1.2.3 above. Provincial government consultations to
discuss and clear the report on stakeholder use and
economic value.
3308 1.2.5 Initial stakeholder consultations on the
0
0
0
500 0
500
0
0
0
500
0
500
management plan including zoning plans for
conservation and marine protection, sustainable use,
buffer zones, restoration activities, rules and regulations
and actions in response to breach of such rules. 4
meetings 10 participants each
3309 1.2.6 Review of initial draft by community
0
0
0
0 0
0
250
0
250
250
0
250
representatives (7 villages) and one meeting/workshop
with 20-25 participants to critically review the draft.
3310 1.3.3 Community based meetings in 21 villages 20
1,250
140
1,390
1,250
140
1,390
0
0
0
2,500
280
2,780
people per meeting to Design a long-term programme of
replanting and mangrove restoration in Trat Province
include local press media as appropriate
3311 3.3.4 Organise 3 community events/theme days 30
0
0
0
1,600 0
1,600
1,600
0
1,600
3,200
0
3,200
people per event including press and media In-kind
support costed elsewhere
3312 3.3.4
National/Regional
Annual conference/working
0
0
0
15,000 0
15,000
30,000
0
30,000
45,000
0
45,000
meeting on mangrove status and rehabilitation - GEF
budget for regional and international participation, Co-
financing for national participation
3399 Total
16,450 12,040
28,490
27,050
8,260
35,310
39,050
8,120
47,170
82,550
28,420
110,970
3999 Component Total
26,650 18,940
45,590
44,950 34,760
79,710
59,750
38,520
98,270
131,350
92,220
223,570
4000 EQUIPMENT & PREMISES COMPONENT
4100 Expendable equipment (items under ($1,500 each, for example)
4101 Office
supplies
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
800
1,000
1,800
2,800
3,000
5,800
4102 Library acquisitions and computer software
800
0
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
800
0
800
4199 Total
1,800
1,000
2,800
1,000
1,000
2,000
800
1,000
1,800
3,600
3,000
6,600
4200 Non-expendable equipment (computers, office equip, etc)
4201 Computers (act. 1.1.2)
2,000
0
2,000
0 0
0
0
0
0
2,000
0
2,000
4202 Printers
500
0
500
0 0
0
0
0
0
500
0
500
4203 Equipment unspecified
1,500
0
1,500
0 0
0
0
0
0
1,500
0
1,500
4205
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4299 Total
4,000
0
4,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,000
0
4,000
33
Table 2 continued
Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
4300 Premises (office rent, maintenance, of premises, etc)
4301 Office rent
0
1,450
1,450
0
1,450
1,450
0
1,450
1,450
0
4,350
4,350
4302 Furniture (act. 1.1.2)
0
2,000
2,000
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
2,000
2,000
4303 unspecified costs (act.1.1.2)
0
1,500
1,500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,500
1,500
4399 Total
0
4,950
4,950
0
1,450
1,450
0
1,450
1,450
0
7,850
7,850
4999 Component Total
5,800
5,950
11,750
1,000
2,450
3,450
800
2,450
3,250
7,600
10,850
18,450
5000 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENT
5100 Operation and maintenance of equip.
5101 Rental & maintenance of equipment
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5102 Rental of meeting rooms & equip.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5199 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5200 Reporting costs (publications, maps, newsletters, printing, etc)
5201 1.2.5 Preparation and printing of initial draft management
0
0
0
300 0
300
0
0
0
300
0
300
plan based on existing plans, and GIS data and maps
5202 1.2.7 and 1.2.9 Finalisation of the Management Plan
0
0
0
375 0
375
0
0
0
375
0
375
including preparation of final maps and charts of use
areas and zones
5203 1.1.9 Printing of final report to UNEP & DMCR
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
2,100
2,250
150
2,100
2,250
5204 1.3.1 Publish a review of the success and failures of
0
0
0
0
0
0
350
2,100
2,450
350
2,100
2,450
activities and processes involved in developing co-
management of mangrove forests, in the Trat mangrove
area.
5205 1.3.2 Translation and publication of evaluation of
1,000
0
1,000
0 0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
1,000
previous experience of mangrove restoration in Thailand
and identify appropriate techniques for trialling in Trat
Province
5206 3.1.2. Prepare exhibition materials for the centre,
0
0
0
1,000 0
1,000
0
0
0
1,000
0
1,000
develop information resources including simple
database, displays etc.
5207 Develop and print public awareness materials for
1,500
0
1,500
1,500 0
1,500
0
0
0
3,000
0
3,000
distribution through the existing Learning Centre in Pred
Nai Village to help promote demonstration site role
5208 3.1.5 Prepare quarterly project newsletters for
200
0
200
200 0
200
200
0
200
600
0
600
stakeholders.
5209 3.3.1 Prepare and distribute posters, brochures and
3,000
0
3,000
2,000 0
2,000
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
booklets on topics of relevance to mangroves and
coastal management as identified in the training needs
assessment.
34
Table 2 continued
Budget by object of expenditure (Figures in red indicate in-kind co-financing, in black cash co-financing).
2005 2006 2007
TOTAL
ALL
YEARS
GEF
GOV
Total
GEF GOV Total GEF GOV Total GEF GOV'T All
2005
2006
2007
Sources
5210 3.3.2 Develop appropriate targeted educational material
4,000
0
4,000
3,500 0
3,500
0
0
0
7,500
0
7,500
about the ecology and value of mangroves to inform and
educate local school children (30+ primary schools, 10
secondary schools) about the value of mangroves and
the benefits of a sustainable approach to development..
5211 Translation approximately 500 pages English/Thai and
2,500
0
2,500
2,500 0
2,500
1,000
0
1,000
6,000
0
6,000
Thai/Khmer
5212 Interpretation Thai/Khymer/English approximately 30
500
0
500
500 0
500
500
0
500
1,500
0
1,500
days
5299 Total
12,700
0
12,700
11,875
0
11,875
2,200
4,200
6,400
26,775
4,200
30,975
5300 Sundry (communications, postage, freight, clearance charges, etc)
5301 Communication
300
300
600
300 300
600
300
300
600
900
900
1,800
5302 postage/freight
200
200
400
200 200
400
200
200
400
600
600
1,200
5303 Audit fees
300
0
300
300 0
300
300
0
300
900
0
900
5399 Total
800
500
1,300
800
500
1,300
800
500
1,300
2,400
1,500
3,900
5400 Hospitality and entertainment
5401 3.1.3 Publicise the role of the Learning Centre through
250
1,100
1,350
500
1,100
1,600
500
1,100
1,600
1,250
3,300
4,550
local radio, television and print media arrange a
programme of visits by schools and other civil society
groups.
5499 Total
250
1,100
1,350
500
1,100
1.600
500
1,100
1,600
1,250
3,300
4,550
5500 Evaluation (consultants fees/travel/DSA, admin support, etc.)
5501 Evaluation (consultants fees/travel/DSA)
0
0
0
4,500 0
4,500
4,500
0
4,500
9,000
0
9,000
5599 Total
0
0
0
4,500
0
4,500
4,500
0
4,500
9,000
0
9,000
5999 Component Total
13,500
500
14,000
17,175
500
17,675
7,500
4,700
12,200
39,425
9,000
48,425
9999 Project's Total
101,550 261,624 363,174 121,475 479,544 601,019 130,100 480,404 610,504
354,375 1,224,872 1,579,247
Previous Budget
Variance
35
Annex 5:
MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN
1.
Collecting and reporting data on performance indicators
A provisional list of Environmental State and Process Indicators is provided in the table below, which
includes indication of the methods to be used and the frequency of collection of information.
Parameter
Method and frequency of collection
Comments
INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATE
Biodiversity of mangrove Formal surveys of flora and fauna to
forest
establish species diversity and numbers
conducted at beginning and end of survey
using recognized scientific methods.
Semi-formal surveys conducted by project
participants at six monthly intervals
(including enumeration of indicator species).
Social and economic
Survey of local communities conducted at
well-being
beginning and end of project using a
mixture of participatory methods and
questionnaires.
Mid point evaluation using participatory
methods to establish how participants feel
the situation is changing as a result of the
project.
Well-being of local
Records of catches by fisher folk from local
fishery
communities, in co-operation with
Department of Marine and Coastal
Resources.
Land use
Survey of areas of mangrove coverage and
Will need to differentiate
land uses in designated forest area. To be
between mature / young
carried out by the Department of Marine
mangroves and different
and Coastal Resources according to their
types of species
standard methodology. Annually?
association.
PROCESS INDICATORS
Community satisfaction
Participatory evaluation activities with
Quantitative assessment
and degree to which
community members at the project mid-
rather than qualitative
project meets community point and end.
indicators.
needs
At each project event there will be a brief
participatory evaluation activity to allow
participants to express their views on the
value of the event.
Participants will choose for themselves
factors, which they wish to assess.
Numbers of participants at each event will
also be recorded.
Project expenditure
Quarterly financial report by project manager Format will depend upon
against budget
to project team and reporting to donor as
donor requirements.
required under terms of agreement.
Achievement of key
Quarterly progress report by project manager Format will depend upon
project milestones
to project team and reporting to donor as
donor requirements.
required under terms of agreement.
36
2.
Schedule of mid-term review, self evaluation, end-of project evaluation
Formal independent evaluations of the project will be carried out at the mid point of the project, eighteen
months after the start of the project, and at the end of the project, three months before the termination
date. Both reviews will be led by, an external evaluator with experience in environmental conservation
and community development. Each study will take the form of a joint evaluation by project staff and the
evaluator into the management and environmental aspects of the project and an independent review of
community gains and stakeholder participation by the evaluator.
3.
Description of how monitoring and evaluation activities will involve participants and
stakeholders
Monitoring and evaluation will be an integral part of the stakeholder participation element of the project.
For each project activity and event, participants will carry out a simple evaluation activity, wherever
possible to meet their own evaluation criteria. Stakeholders will be asked to give their perceptions of the
project as part of the formal independent evaluation activities. Formal survey work will be conducted by,
project stakeholders, particularly the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (wherever possible to
integrate with their own work programme and involve members of the local community) and universities
and research institutes. Local volunteers will be trained in survey techniques so that they are able to lead
simple community surveys on a more frequent basis.
4.
Resources that will be allocated to monitoring and evaluation
Budgetary provision of $US 9,000 has been allocated to the mid-term and terminal evaluations to cover
consultancy fees and expenses for external evaluators. It is estimated that monitoring and evaluation
(including preparation of reports required to be submitted to the UNEP/GEF/SCS Project Co-ordinating
Unit on behalf of UNEP and the GEF will take between 3-4 weeks per year (on average) of the project
manager's time and 3 days per year of management team time.
5.
How will monitoring and evaluation results be used in management?
A three monthly monitoring report will be presented to the project management team by the Site
Manager, who will highlight key issues for discussion at, management team meetings. As far as possible,
reporting to the management team will be integrated with reporting to the UNEP as well. The Senior
Advisory Group will also receive updates half yearly on key issues and the Specialised Executing Agency
will provide such periodic reports to the National technical Working Group.
As part of the mid term evaluation time will be set aside to allow the management team to review
progress themselves, and it is anticipated that the findings of the mid-term review will also be discussed
with the donor.
Following the final evaluation, an evaluation report will be published to help the donor, participants,
managers, and other interested parties such as the global mangrove network learn lessons from the
project.
In order to ensure that the project is carefully monitored and that the project derives the benefit of
evaluation reviews, it is essential that the project manager and the chair of the project management team
have a genuine commitment to evaluation and learning. This should be a factor in selecting appropriate
individuals for appointment to these posts.
37
Annex 6:
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CO-ORDINATION AND MANAGEMENT
SITE LEVEL MANAGEMENT
The Trat demonstration site shall appoint a Demonstration Site Manager whose responsibility will be to
report to the Focal Point for Mangroves in the SEA and to the national mangrove resource committee
and through the SEA to the National Technical Working Group. The Site Manager shall be considered a
full member of the NTWG.
The Demonstration Site Manager should have responsibility for managing, the activities at the
demonstration site, under the direction of the Management Board, to be constituted by the Department
of Conservation and Marine Resources.
Specifically the Demonstration Site Manager shall take responsibility for:
· Executing the work plan according to the timetable presented in Table 1 of this document taking
into account any amendments that shall be agreed by the Management Board from time to time;
· Planning, and managing on a day to day basis the demonstration activities identified in the
implementation plan, including preparation and supervision of annual work plan and timetables;
· Financial responsibility for the approved budget within clearly defined limits set by the
management body, including keeping proper books of account and preparing financial reports for
the management body;
· Responsibility for execution of the activities in accordance with the work plan and timetable and
schedule of expenditures, initially defined by the demonstration site proposal and amended from
time to time by the management body;
· Responsibility for acting as Secretary to the meetings of the Management Board;
· Reporting on activities and outcomes, to the management body, the focal point of the SEA, and
the National Technical Focal Point according to an agreed schedule;
· Preparing inputs to the six-monthly expenditure reports, six monthly progress reports and cash
advance requests to be submitted to the Project Co-ordinating Unit (PCU), through the focal
point of the responsible SEA;
· Preparing and submitting to the PCU, through the focal point of the SEA, technical reports in
accordance with the defined outputs of the demonstration site; and,
· Attending such national and regional meetings as shall be determined on an individual basis.
Trat Mangrove Management Board
The Trat Mangrove Management Board shall have authority and responsibility for the conduct of
activities at the demonstration site. The composition of this body, its terms of reference and powers shall
be clearly defined in a set of terms of reference that shall form part of the demonstration site proposal.
The Management body shall be composed of representatives of all major stakeholders having an interest
in and deriving benefit from the mangrove habitats and resources within the defined limits of the
demonstration site. Initially the membership shall include:
1.
Specialized Executing Agency (Department of Coastal and Marine Resources)
2.
Site Manager (Secretary)
3.
Provincial Office of Administration
4.
Office of Conservation Forest Area Management No. 2
5.
Natural Resources and Environment Provincial Office
6.
Chief Mangrove Resources Management No. 4
7.
Chief of Mangrove Resources Research and Development No. 4
8.
Director of Marine and Coastal Protection Division No. 1
9.
Moh Koh Chang National Park
10
Brackish Fishery Research Station (Ao Choh)
11
Union of Ban Pred Nai Mangrove Conservation
12
Union of Ban Nam Cheio Mangrove Conservation
13
Tourist Provincial Office
14
Division of Mangrove Resources Management No. 1
38
Additional representatives may be added to the membership of the Board by simple decision of the
Board.
The frequency of the meetings:
The Management Board shall meet no less than quarterly in Trat Province and a smaller body
constituted as an Executive Committee will be created to provide oversight and advice to the
Demonstration Site Manager on at least a monthly basis.
Functions:
The Management Board shall be responsible for:
· Selection of the demonstration site manager
· Review and approval of the stakeholder analysis, and financial plans regarding the generation of
revenue streams;
· Development and implementation of a Business plan for the site designed to result in financial
independence and sustainability following expenditure of the GEF grant funds;
· Development and implementation of a management plan for the site, which shall detail the
approved uses and their levels, procedures for approval of activities at the site (including inter
alia: issuance of permits and licences; maintenance of financial and other records; public
awareness raising activities; and the methods through which control shall be exercised by the
competent authorities;
· Review proposals for the harmonisation of existing legislation regarding conservation and
sustainable use of marine and coastal resources, and submit to the appropriate authority for
approval;
· Provide financial control and oversight of income and expenditures in accordance with the
approved business plan;
· Approval of the draft programme of public awareness, education and training activities, to be
conducted at the site, and clearance for publication of appropriate educational and awareness
materials;
· Approval of the draft proposed programme of activities that will be provided at the site for exchange
personnel over a defined time frame of between two and six months;
· Timely reporting on activities to the National Committee or Sub-committee responsible for the
relevant sub-component of the project, and through the Specialised Executing Agency to the
National Technical Focal Point and Focal Ministry for the UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project.
· Liaison on operational matters regarding co-ordination of actions in Thailand and Cambodia, with
the Koh Kong Management Board in Cambodia, and development of a co-ordinated programme of
technical consultations with their Cambodian counterparts
Senior Advisory Group
In addition to the Management Board a Senior Advisory Group shall be formed under the Provincial
Governor's Office to consider and resolve issues of policy regarding the management and sustainable
use of mangroves in the Trat Province.
Membership
Initially the membership shall consist of:
1.
Governor, as Chairperson
2.
Director General, Department of Coastal and Marine Resources
3.
Director general, Office of Planning and Policy, Natural Resources
4.
Director of the Tourism Authority of Thailand
5.
Director General, Fisheries Department
6.
Director General, Land Administration Department
7.
Director, Natural Resources and Environment Office
8.
Dr Sonjai Havanond, Focal Point for Mangroves
9.
Dr Sanit Aksornkoae
10.
Dr Nopparat Bumsingsugsa
39
Functions
The Primary function of the Senior Advisory Group is to provide a forum for discussion and decision
regarding matters of policy affecting the sustainable use of mangroves in Trat Province and to provide a
vehicle for the provision of support to the implementation of the Ministerial Declaration regarding joint
actions to manage mangroves in Trat Province, Thailand and Koh Kong Province Cambodia. In
discharging their latter function the Senior Advisory Group shall meet once a year with their counterparts
from Cambodia to discuss matters of mutual interest, resolve any difficulties, and decide on further
matters of co-operation.
RESPONDIBILITIES OF THE SPECIALISED EXECUTING AGENCY
In addition to the tasks and responsibilities listed in the MOUs between UNEP and the Department of
Conservation and Marine Resources, the focal point of the Specialised Executing Agency in
consultation with the national committee and/or sub-committee, shall provide scientific and technical
advice and guidance to the management body regarding the execution of demonstration site activities.
The Focal Point shall also be responsible for liaison:
· Between the Demonstration Site Manager and the PCU regarding dissemination of experiences,
and personnel exchange between sites;
· Between the Demonstration Site Manager and the National Technical Working Group, and
Regional Working Group for the sub-component concerned.
40
Figure 1
Co-Management Structure for joint Thai - Cambodian South China Sea Demonstration activity.
Thailand
Cambodia
UNEP/GEF/SCS
National Steering Committee
Inter-Ministry Committee
Project Steering Committee
for Environmental Co-
ordination in Coastal Zone
Management
UNEP/GEF/SCS RSTC
National Technical Working Group
National Mangrove and
National Committee on
UNEP/GEF/SCS RWG-M
Wetland Committee
Mangrove Resources
Trat Provincial
Koh Kong Provincial
DMCR
Governor's Office
DNCP
Governor's Office
Senior Advisory Board
Thai Cambodia Joint Policy
Management Board
Consultations Convened in each country
All stakeholders
Government
Trat Management
Peam Krasop Management
Thai Cambodia Joint Technical
Civil Society
Board
Advisory Group
Consultations Convened in each country
NGOs
Site Manager and
Day to day communication on routine matters
Peam Krasop
Project Staff
Site Manager and Project Staff
National Committee on Mangrove Resources (Thailand): Multi-stakeholder group operating at national level to co-ordinate initiatives relating to mangroves.
DMCR: Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand).
DNCP, Department of Nature Conservation and Protection (Ministry of Environment, Cambodia)
41