UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
PROJECT DOCUMENT
SECTION 1 - PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
1.1
Title of Sub-Programme:
Sub-programme:
1.2
Title of Project:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp
Trawling, through the Introduction of By-catch Reduction
Technologies
and
Change
of
Management
1.3 Project
Number:
GF/
FAO
Symbol:
EP/GLO/201/GEF
1.4 Geographical
Scope:
Global
1.5 Implementing
Agency:
UNEP
1.6 Executing
Agency:
FAO
1.7
Duration of the Project: Five years
Commencing:
February
2002
Completion:
January
2007
1.8
Cost of Project:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
US$
%
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Cost to Trust Fund (GEF):
4 780 000
52
Cost to Counterpart Contribution (countries):
3 250 000
35
Cost to the Implementing Organization/ UNEP (in kind):
110 000
2
Cost to the Executing Organisation /FAO (in kind):
1 010 000
11
____________________________________________________________________________________
Total Cost of the Project:
9 150 000
100
____________________________________________________________________________________
Signatures:
For the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
For the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)
_________________________________ __________________________________
Henri
Carsalade
Edmundo
Ortega
Assistant
Director-General Chief, Budget and Fund Management Unit,
Technical Cooperation Department (TCD)
UNON
Date: ___________________________
Date:
___________________________
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1. IDENTIFIERS
PROJECT NUMBER
EP/GLO/201/GEF
PROJECT NAME/TITLE
REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM TROPICAL SHRIMP TRAWLING THROUGH THE
INTRODUCTION OF BY-CATCH REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND CHANGE OF MANAGEMENT.
DURATION
5 years
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY UNEP
EXECUTING AGENCY
FAO
REQUESTING COUNTRIES
CAMEROON, COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA , CUBA, INDONESIA, IRAN, MEXICO, NIGERIA, PHILIPPINES,
VENEZUELA, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, (PLUS BAHRAIN)1
ELIGIBILITY
ALL 11 COUNTRIES Eligible under paragraph 9(b) of the GEF Instrument
GEF FOCAL AREA
International
waters,
with
relevance to Biological Diversity
GEF PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK: OPERATIONAL PROGRAM #9 INTEGRATED LAND AND WATER MULTIPLE FOCAL AREA
2. SUMMARY
Shrimp exploitation by tropical trawl fisheries generates significant amounts of non-shrimp by-catch. In some countries, by-catch has
become an important source of income and contributes to food supply. In others, by-catch of fish, particularly small-sized, is
discarded at sea. The capture of juveniles of valuable food fish constitutes a threat to the sustainable production of fish from an
area. Extensive removal of non-target fish is also a threat to the biodiversity in a fishing area. If the introduction of fishing
technologies and practices that reduce the capture of juveniles is successful in a few selected countries in various regions, it can be
assumed that such technology and practices would be adopted by other shrimp fishing countries also experiencing problems with
by-catch. In addition to the expected increased fish production and conservation of biodiversity as a result of project intervention,
shrimp trawling will earn an improved reputation and so continue to produce needed export income for several poor developing
countries.
3. COSTS AND FINANCING
GEF
Project
US$ 4, 450 000
PDF Block B
US$ 330 000
Sub-Total GEF
US$ 4 ,780 000
CO-FINANCING
UNEP
Project (in kind)
US$ 100 000
PDF Block B (in kind)
US$ 10 000
FAO
Project (in kind)
US$ 950 000
PDF Block B (in kind)
US$ 60 000
Governments and private sector of
participating countries (in kind)
US$ 3, 200 000
PDF Block B (in kind)
US$
50 000
Sub-Total
US$ 4, 370 000
TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT
US$ 9, 150 000
4. FOCAL OPERATIONAL POINTS ENDORSEMENT
Cameroon: Mr. J.S. Amougou, Direction de la Faune et des Aires Protégées, Ministère de l'Environnement et des Forests,
Yaoundé, Cameroon: Date of receipt 7.9.2000
Colombia: Ms. C. Hoyos, Oficina de Cooperación Internacional, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia:
Date of receipt 4.9.2000
Costa Rica: Ms. Erika Harms, Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of Costa Rica, Washington, D.C. USA: Date of receipt 26.9.2000
Cuba: H. Arango Sales, Director for International Collaboration, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Havana, Cuba:
Date of receipt 1.9.2000
Indonesia Mr. E. Sumardja, Deputy for Law Enforcement and EIA, Environmental Impact Management Agency (BAPEDAL) Jakarta,
Indonesia. Date of receipt 12.9.2000
Islamic Republic of Iran: Mr. Mr. Bozorgmehr Ziyaran; Director-General for International Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran,
Islamic Republic of Iran. Date of receipt 26.9.2000
Mexico: Mr. R. Ochoa, Director, International Financial Institutions, Ministry of Finance of Mexico, Mexico
. Date of receipt 14.9.2000
Nigeria: Ms. A. Ene-Ita, Office of the Director General/Chief Executive, Federal Environmental Protection Agency, The Presidency,
Abuja, Nigeria. Date of receipt 7.9.2000
Philippines: Mr. M.S. Roño, Undersecretary for International Commitment & Local Government Affairs, Dept. of Environment and
Natural Resources, Quezon City, 1100, Philippines. Date of receip 5.9.2000
Trinidad and Tobago: Dr David Mcintosh, Managing Director/Executive Director, Environmental Management Authority, Port of
Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. Date of receipt 7.9.2000
1 Bahrain will participate in project activities although, since it is not GEF-eligible, financial support will come from other sources.
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Venezuela: Mr L. Nino, First Secretary, Embassy of Venezuela, Washington, D.C. N. Pino, Ambassador, International Economic
Cooperation, Caracas, Venezuela. Date of receipt 5.6.2000
5. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY CONTACT:
Mr Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Co-ordinator, UNEP/GEF Co-ordination Office, UNEP, Nairobi, Tel: 254 2 624153;
Fax: 254 2 520825; Email: ahmed.djoghlaf@unep.org
6. EXECUTING AGENCY CONTACT
Ms. Barbara Cooney, FAO-GEF Focal Point,
FAO/UN,
Rome
Tel. 0039 06 570 55478; Fax 0039 06 5705 4657; Email: barbara.cooney@fao.org
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LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
BRD
By-catch reduction device
CECAF
Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GEF
Global Environment Facility
IUCN
The World Conservation Union
NGO Non-Governmental
Organization
PDF
Project Preparation and Development Facility
RECOFI
Regional Commission for Fisheries (in the Gulfs sub-region)
ROPME
Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (in the Gulfs sub-
region)
SDRE
Extension, Education and Communications Service (of FAO)
SEAFDEC
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
TED
Turtle exclusion device
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
WECAFC
Western Central Atlantic Fisheries Commission
WB
World
Bank
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SECTION 2 - BACKGROUND AND PROJECT CONTRIBUTION TO OVERALL
SUB-PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 Background
1.
The GEF Operational Programme No. 9 "Integrated Land and Water Multiple Focal Area", states
that "the goal is to help groups of countries utilise the full range of technical, economic, financial, regulatory,
and institutional measures needed to operationalize the sustainable development strategies for international
waters (para 9.2)..." Further, this OP lists as an expected outcome "the reduction of stress to the
international waters environment in selected parts of all five development regions across the globe through
participating countries making changes in their sectorial policies, making critical investments, developing
necessary programs and collaborating jointly in implementing... water resources protection measures (para
9.10)".
2.
One source of stress on the marine environment which is of growing international concern is the
impact from capture fisheries, hence the need to develop, promote and implement environmentally-sound
technology and practices in the marine fisheries sector, so as to prevent loss of biodiversity and habitat
degradation.
3.
Available data suggest that, in addition to the obvious catches of fish for human needs, the by-
catches in the world's fisheries have a significant ecological impact and cause mortality amongst fin-fish
(particularly the juveniles of commercial fish species), as well as amongst benthic invertebrates, marine
mammals, turtles and birds. FAO estimated recently that world-wide, the by-catch discarded in the
commercial fisheries amounts to around 20 million metric tons and accounts for economic losses that run
into billions of dollars annually (in terms of the potential value which could be realized if, a few years later
the discarded juveniles were to 1be caught and marketed as adult fish).
4.
Shrimp-trawling in tropical shallow-water regions is very common. The cod-ends of the trawls
used need relatively small meshes in order to retain the all-important shrimp catch (even though many
vessels are in fact targeting both shrimp and fish of commercial-size at the same time). These shallow
waters are in many cases, the spawning grounds for adult fishes of high commercial value as well as the
nursery grounds for their juveniles. One impact of shrimp-trawling on the environment is therefore that
large amounts of juvenile fish are caught together with the targeted shrimps, and this can seriously affect
other fisheries which target the adult fish of these species.. A second impact is that presently many of
these juvenile fish, as well as other low-valued by-catch comprising large quantities of dead organisms,
are often discarded (dead) at sea. A third impact is that Shrimp-trawling also results in a physical impact
on the bottom habitat, and in some areas this impact might have a detrimental effect on benthic
biodiversity.
5.
In some tropical shrimp-fishing grounds, turtles are relatively abundant and so may be captured
incidentally and drown in the shrimp-trawls. Some countries have already taken action to mitigate the
problem of turtle by-catch, and the use of the turtle-exclusion devices (TEDs) is for instance compulsory
in tropical shrimp-fisheries in the USA as well as in other countries which wish to export shrimp to the
USA but have problems with turtle by-catch. Australia has also introduced TEDs in some of its shrimp
fisheries. In some cases the use of TEDs is reported to reduce the catch-rates both of shrimp and of the
larger-sized fish in the by-catch hence reduced earnings for the shrimp-trawler, although in some other
cases the use of TEDs/BRDs has increased the catch rates of targeted shrimp and fish.
7.
In the tropics where many developing countries wish to extract the maxiumum amount of fish and
shrimp for food, the marine fisheries exploit the typically multi-species resources, and the shrimp-trawler
fisheries generate more by-catch than any other type of fishery. Although several by-catch reduction
devices (BRDs) have been developed and proved to be efficient, to date no concerted international effort,
involving all key participants, has yet been made to resolve the overall problem of this impact by the
shrimp-trawler fisheries on tropical marine ecosystems and their constituent species.
8.
However in November 1998 during its Fifty-third Session, the General Assembly of the United
Nations urged "States, relevant international organizations and regional and sub-regional fisheries
management organizations and arrangements to take action, including through assistance to developing
countries, to reduce by-catches, fish discards and post-harvest losses consistent with international law
and relevant international instruments, including the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries"
(Resolution A/RES/53/33).
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9.
The reduction of by-catches and discards of unwanted catch is thus now a policy for many
States, as well as for an increasing number of regional and sub-regional fisheries management
organisations and arrangements. The reduction of discards and of environmental impact is also a priority
activity under FAO's Regular Programme, and is addressed specifically in the rolling MediumTerm Plan
(as a 6-year activity (2001-2005) entitled "Reduction of discards and environmental impact from fisheries"
(with an annual budget of approximately US$ 500,000) which includes the evaluation of by-catches and
discards resulting from various fisheries, plus assessment of the impact of trawling and other similar
fishing methods on the sea-bottom, and on the environment in general.
10.
Since present shrimp-trawling practices are considered unsustainable, there is growing pressure
on the commercial fisheries sector to change current practices and reduce the impact of shrimp-trawling,
particularly in such tropical shallow-water ecosystems.
11.
With the problem of fish by-catch, particularly of juvenile food-fish, identified as a priority area for
mitigation, research aimed at developing efficient and practical solutions has been started in several
countries (including the USA, Australia, Mexico and Thailand), and is likely to continue in these countries,
but because research and development requires substantial financial and human resources it will tend to
be restricted to those countries with a strong economy. The intervention of GEF is therefore required to
support efforts by a number of less fortunate developing countries in all four major regions of the world in
order to resolve a common problem.
12.
Two important policy issues involved are: a) food security, and b) biological impacts of trawling
on the environment. Whilst the demand for food (from marine fisheries, etc) for the increasing human
populations is likely to grow substantially in the immediate and foreseeable future, at the same time,
international pressure to reduce the adverse environmental impacts of human exploitation on natural
production is also increasing. These two pressures may be seen as conflicting, hence the need to
achieve optimum production potential while reducing adverse environmental impacts.
13.
This present main-phase project has been developed by FAO under a preparatory-phase activity
funded from a PDF Block B grant supported by GEF/UNEP, through a process where government-
appointed National Coordinators from 13 countries agreed with the executing agency (FAO) on a
common approach to a series national baseline studies. These baseline studies were executed under the
supervision of the respective National Coordinators and involved a wide consultative process with most of
the stakeholders having an interest in shrimp exploitation (including fishermen, shrimp-trawler owners,
fishery authorities, fish processors and traders, shrimp-fisheries experts/researchers), and to a certain
extent, the local communities which somehow benefit from the wealth resulting from shrimp-exploitation.
14.
Most countries involved in the preparatory phase established national committees and held
national workshops attended by many industry representatives, whilst in some cases collaboration with
environmental NGOs was arranged for the purpose of reviewing the national problems of by-catch in
shrimp-trawls. In addition workshops were held by FAO in each of the four regions (Latin America and the
Caribbean, Asia, Near East, and Africa) to discuss the findings presented in the national reports and to
agree on national and regional priorities to be included in this main-phase project. Representatives from
countries other than the 13 core countries plus relevant stakeholders from industry and society also
attended these regional workshops. The proposed national and regional arrangements and modalities for
implementation of the present main-phase project, including the selection of participating countries,
resulted from these regional workshops.
15.
The documents produced and discussions held during the preparatory phase clearly showed the
extreme complexity of the by-catch problem, the nature of which varies much from country to country,
with many different aspects being closely associated, for instance: biology, ecology, fishing technology,
fish utilization and marketing, sociology, economy, management/ regulation/ legislation, communication/
outreach, conflicts between shrimp trawlers and artisanal fishermen. The present main-phase project
does not pretend to deal with all aspects at the same time, but aims (within the limits of a reasonably
manageable project) to contribute to improving the situation in a number of selected countries according
their priorities.
One possible mechanism for this will be through co-operation agreements between relevant
institutions in recipient countries and in resource countries. Another mechanism will be the contract of
experts from "advanced countries" to provide in-country assistance in other countries requiring particular
expertise. The role of FAO in these processes will be to arrange formal contracts or to facilitate the
conclusion of co-operation agreements. In this context, directories of experts and institutions dealing with
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various subjects under consideration will be set up and maintained by FAO for the duration of the main
phase.
2.2 Context
The many similarities between the characteristics of the marine environment and the conduct of
fisheries (particularly coastal shrimp-trawling) in the 4 main tropical regions of the world (Latin America
and the Caribbean, Africa, the Near East, and Asia) means that considerable advantages can be
expected from collaborative efforts in the study and wider exchange of knowledge and experience within
the same region and even between regions.
In practice this involves collaboration firstly between the experts working in national institutions in
adjacent countries which often share the very same marine environment and marine resources, and later
wider collaboration between personnel in national institutions, arranged through existing regional
institutions. The services of international institutions (such as FAO, UNEP, IUCN, etc) will be used to
expand their existing arrangements to facilitate collaboration at the global level. The importance of this
pattern of arrangements was emphasized by the 26 countries (and 3 regional fisheries bodies) which
participated in the series of national, regional and inter-regional workshops conducted during the
preparatory phase of the project.
2.3 GEF Programming Context
All 11 participating countries are eligible for GEF assistance under paragraph 9b of the
Instrument for the Restructured GEF. A twelfth country (Bahrain) also plans to participate even though
not eligible for assistance from GEF.
GEF's Operational Programme No. 9 "Integrated Land and Water Multiple Focal Area", states
that "the goal is to help groups of countries utilise the full range of technical, economic, financial,
regulatory, and institutional measures needed to operationalize the sustainable development strategies
for international waters ... (para 9.2)" Further, this OP lists as an expected outcome "the reduction of
stress to the international waters environment in selected parts of all five development regions across the
globe through participating countries making changes in their sectoral policies, making critical
investments, developing necessary programs and collaborating jointly in implementing ... water resources
protection measures (para 9.10)".
This project is thus in conformity with the GEF Operational Strategy and Operational
Programmes, in particular with the above-mentioned OP #9 - International Waters: Integrated Land and
Water Multiple Focal Area, where there is a focus on an integrated management approach to the
sustainable use of [land and] water resources on an area-wide basis. It will also have relevance to OP #2
- Biodiversity in coastal and marine ecosytems, and specifically to aspects of eco-system management
including elements of: targeted research, information-sharing, training, institutional-strengthening,
demonstrations, and outreach (or `extension').
2.4 UNEP Programming Context
The proposed actions are consistent with the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity,
and its Jakarta Mandate and other legal instruments relating to the sustainability of living marine
resource, such as UNEP Regional Seas Programme Conventions and Protocols. The proposed actions
are also consistent with UNEP's role in the conservation and maintenance of biological diversity.
2.5 Present and Emerging Environmental Problems
The GEF Operational Strategy includes amongst the major areas of concern relating to
international waters: i) physical habitat degradation of coastal and near-shore marine areas, ..... and ii)
excessive and/or inappropriate exploitation of resources due to inadequate management and control
measures. Whilst no specific Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) was carried out during the
preparatory-phase, during the series of inter-regional and regional Workshops held, six major tropical
marine environmental zones were examined (West Africa/ Gulf of Guinea; East Africa/ W. Indian Ocean;
Central America/ E. Pacific; Caribbean/ Gulf of Mexico; The Gulf and Arabian Sea; E. Indian Ocean/ Bay
of Bengal/ S. China Sea/ Arafua Sea) and the following environmental problems of transboundary
significance were identified:
-
in each zone the fisheries are complex but basic data on the marine environment, as well
as on the coastal habitats where the shrimp-trawling grounds occur, are frequently
absent or incomplete, and specifically there is very little documentation regarding the
impact that shrimp-trawling has upon the demersal/ benthic/ bottom-habitat, or the
associated fauna and biodiversity.
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-
in most areas/ countries examined the catch-rates of shrimp are declining, thus indicating
over-exploitation of the shrimp-stocks/ resources;
-
in several countries considerable quantities of juvenile shrimp are harvested a practice
which is considered unsustainable;
-
in most countries by-catch of juveniles from valuable food-fish are captured and
discarded while shrimp-trawling a practice which is considered unsustainable;
-
there is a general tendency for shrimp-trawlers to increase their capture (or at least their
retention-rate) of the by-catch probably stimulated by their attempt to maintain their
economic returns as the catch-rates for shrimp decline, hoewer considerable quantities of
by-catch are still discarded, which could be utilised for food/ feed (if facilities and
arrangements were not lacking)
-
although the use of Turtle Exclusion Devices (TEDs) may be mandatory in many
countries, the actual frequency of compliance can be low, and in a few countries
incidental catches of turtles and even of sea-cows (dugongs) are still reported in the
shrimp-trawls;
-
there is a reported increase in the occurence of Penaeus monodon (an Indian Ocean
species) in the waters of West Africa/ Gulf of Guinea.
In most tropical shallow-waters the shrimp-trawl fisheries are considered multi-species/ multi-
targeted activities. Under the above-mentioned circumstances, shrimp-trawling employing relatively
small-meshed gear catches a wide variety of organisms, comprising not only the valuable targeted
shrimps of different species and length-classes, but also some fish of some commercial interest (although
typically most of these are smaller immature individuals with only modest commercial value). Large
quantites of by-catch, which is by definition, of lesser, or even negligible value to the fisherman. This by-
catch may also include many other species representative of the benthic community, only some of which
remain easily recognizable when retrieved from the cod-end of a shrimp-trawl.
There are three major objectives for improving the selectivity of shrimp-trawls:
-
to reduce capture of immature/ juvenile fishes of commercially important species;
-
to reduce the harvest of other unwanted by-catch, so as to reduce the costs involved in
catching, handling, sorting, and disposal of this low-value component;
-
to reduce the capture of unwanted by-catch of non-fish species, like turtles.
The actions to realize these three objectives have effects upon the economics of the operations
and returns realized from shrimp-fishing. A major challenge in the project's implementation will be to
minimize such impact and wherever possible compensate the losses by savings in the operational costs,
and eventually replace existing trawl gears with more efficient ones.
SECTION 3 - NEEDS AND RESULTS
3.1 Needs
The principal need is to solve the environmental and economic problems resulting from the capture
and then the discard of unwanted catch and by-catch (of juvenile food-fish in particular, but also of
invertebrates, and even turtles in some areas) by the commercial shrimp-trawl fisheries in the
participating countries.
There is also a need to gain a better understanding (at least initially in a small number of countries)
of the overall impact of shrimp-trawling on bottom habitat.
The approach will be through the introduction of appropriate fishing technologies (by-catch reduction
devices BRDs) and practices, in combination, where necessary, with the introduction of legislation and
a management framework, including control and enforcement strategies. It will also aim to avoid the
capture of turtles (where such by-catch exists).
3.2 Results
The Logical Framework Matrix (Annex B) summarizes the 4 principal results expected from the main
phase as:
-
Adoption of by-catch reduction devices by national and regional shrimp-trawling fisheries;
-
Improved management of shrimp-trawl fisheries;
-
Increased co-operation among countries in research on, and management of their shrimp (and
fish)
resources;
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-
Better understanding of the interactions between shrimp-trawl fishing gear and the environment.
3.3 Assumptions to achieve results
It is assumed that all 12 participating Governments, plus the selected commercial fishermen
operating shrimp-trawlers in these countries, as well as the collaborating Governments, and the several
Regional fisheries management and/or research and development institutions, will be able to provide all of the
basic inputs and services required to enable the scheduled workplans at national and regional levels to be
carried out.
SECTION 4 - OUTPUTS, ACTIVITIES, WORKPLAN AND
TIMETABLE, BUDGET, FOLLOW-UP
4.1 General
The overall objective of the project is to reduce discards of fish captured by shrimp-trawlers,
primarily by introducing in a selected number of developing countries, technologies that reduce the catch
of juvenile food-fish and other by-catch. The participating countries have themselves identified the
capture of juvenile food-fish and discards as a non-sustainable practice and have therefore assigned
priority to reducing the problem nationally. These countries will therefore contribute through research and
management in the fields of marine biology and fishing-gear technology.
The project is designed to firstly carry out a demonstration activity in at least one developing
country in each GEF development region. The objective of this strategy is that a consolidated effort
undertaken these initial few countries will generate lessons that can be rapidly transferred to other
shrimp-fishing countries in the same region. Active participation in the implementation of selected
activities by another group of adjacent countries (not involved in all project activities) will facilitate this
process.
The project will be implemented at three levels: national, in an initial small group of selected
countries that have a problem with their present shrimp exploitation and have committed themselves to
changing their fishery by introducing more environmentally-sound fishing technologies and practices;
regional, where the successful results from project activities in the initial group of individual countries will
be disseminated and tested in neighbouring countries, together with co-ordination of action between all
the participating countries and the sub-regional institutions concerned; global, at which FAO collects,
quality-controls, collates, analyzes and disseminates widely essential information that can be used in
reducing environmental stress from shrimp trawling in all marine waters.
The arrangements for project implementation in the various individual participating countries will,
to a large extent, depend on their capacity and tradition for stakeholder participation in such processes.
Given however, that no changes in fishing practices can be effective without the full participation and
commitment of the fishers themselves, this aspect must be taken into account in each country. The
recommended mechanism, based on experience gained during the preparatory phase, is to have a
National Steering Committee (with a membership including representatives of the fishery managers,
researchers, shrimp-fishers, non-shrimp-fishers, NGOs, etc. as appropriate) and a National Coordinator,
to be involved on important issues regarding project implementation. Depending on the existing
facilities/infrastructure in every participant country, and the work plan for the activities to be carried out by
the project, FAO will contract local or national institutions to undertake specific works, or will recruit
directly experts and specialists as required. Also FAO will organize external training activities or study
tours (if necessary), or provision of equipment/materials.
The 7 countries of the initial group are: Costa Rica, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines,
and Venezuela, having been selected following their indication during the preparatory-phase that they
have a severe problem with by-catch of fish in their shrimp-fisheries and they wish to participate in a
global effort to resolve it. They also have already some form of fishery management infrastructure in
place, which makes them best suited to undertake the initial national components of the main phase.
Their shrimp-fisheries are of significant magnitude in their respective regions, thus the positive impact on
the environment resulting from the planned interventions will be greater than if undertaken in countries
with smaller shrimp-fisheries. Although not formally a partner in the preparatory-phase, Mexico will also
participate in the main-phase. It is, in Latin America and the Caribbean region, the country with the most
important shrimp-fishery, and (besides the USA) is also the one with the most advanced experience in
by-catch reduction devices (BRDs) in this region.
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The other participating countries selected are: Cameroon, Colombia, Cuba and Trinidad and
Tobago, (plus Bahrain), which will undertake joint activities together with one of the 7 initial partners.
These 5 countries were very active participants in the preparatory-phase, and they also have important
shrimp-fisheries, but the magnitude of their catches is generally smaller than in the 7 countries of the
initial group.
A brief description of the shrimp fishery in each of the participating countries (including Mexico),
reflecting the results from the baseline surveys carried out within the preparatory-phase of the project, is
provided in Annex E.
A number of inter-governmental institutions are ready to collaborate with the project, since their
sub-regional mandates cover various aspects of fisheries research, fisheries development, or fisheries
management. Similarly, several other national governments (both developing and developed) with
significant interest and experience in tropical shrimp-trawling fisheries are also ready to collaborate with
the project. The first of these is Bahrain, ready to undertake basic studies and experimental fishing using
BRDs on its own account.
A range of stakeholders representing different groups, such as fishers (shrimp-fishers, coastal-
fishers and others), researchers (gear technologists, biologists, environmentalists), fishery managers,
coastal-zone managers, fish traders, fish processors and various NGOs, all have an interest in the issues
to be addressed by this main-phase project. Continuing the arrangements and the network of key-
persons and contacts developed during the preparatory-phase, all such stakeholders will be involved in
the design and execution of the various national components of the main-phase through their
participation in National Steering Committees, or through their collaboration in the implementation by the
leading national institutions of local subcontracts awarded by FAO, or any other mechanisms to be
adopted for implementing the project activities
The introduction of new technologies will affect the commercial fishers, and since they are usually
the people with the best knowledge of any by-catch problems, their co-operation in finding acceptable
solutions will be given high priority from the outset. The project activities will include the testing of
technologies already proven efficient in shrimp-fisheries elsewhere; and the adaptation of these to local
conditions will often be a major challenge. Fishers have valuable experience of their local situation, and
the introduction of new technologies will follow a process by which the choice of technology to be tested
in a particular shrimp-fishery, will be decided in consultation with the industry, with the fishers playing a
key role in the experimental fishing-trials, using commercial vessels. Following the successful outcome of
such experimental fishing, several fishers would be given the opportunity to continue to use the new gear
on a voluntary basis, the incentive being that the new gear is provided free of charge and, in some
instances, the fishers might be given temporary access to fish areas that are usually closed to traditional
shrimp-trawling.
Based on the results from this largely-voluntary experimental fishing, the managers of the
fisheries, in consultation with the researchers and fishers, should decide on which management
requirements, including a legal framework, might be necessary in order to institutionalize the more
environmentally-friendly shrimp-fishing technologies recommended.
Generally, in most of the countries involved in this mainphase, their capacity in fishing-gear
technology, in fishery management, and to a lesser extent in marine biology (including shrimp biology), is
poor. However, some of these developing countries have gained skills in the development and use of by-
catch reduction devices, particularly Mexico in the Latin America/ Caribbean region, while in the Asia
region SEAFDEC has played, and still plays, an active role in the introduction of by-catch reduction
devices in member countries.
Outside the tropical regions, some developed countries, particularly the USA, Australia, Norway
and France, have developed skills to find practical solutions, including by-catch reduction technologies, in
their shrimp fisheries. Mechanisms whereby the experience in these more-advanced resource-countries
can be tapped to provide technical assistance, and the lessons learned can be shared with all the
countries participating in the main-phase, will be an important part of the implementation of the regional
and global components.
4.2 Project activities and outputs
In each of the participating countries the impact on the environment of present production
systems will be assessed (by various means, combining analysis of catch/by-catch data and/or direct
observation underwater of the impact of trawls on the sea bottom) and used as a basis for an evaluation
Page 10
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of the impact of new fishing practices, which will be introduced through the project. The major activities in
the participating countries will be to develop and/or adapt by-catch reduction technologies which reduce
the capture of juvenile fish, non-target fish and non-fish species. Successful developments will require
training and extension as well as development of a legal framework and mechanisms for monitoring,
control and enforcement of any new regulations that may be adopted.
The ultimate outcome of the project should be the adoption by several of the participating
countries of fishing technologies (including BRDs and others) and practices that are environmentally
friendly, so that their shrimp-trawling fisheries will be enhanced in terms of their environmental
performance and reduction of biological impacts, and will be more sustainable in the future. Another
direct outcome of the project should be a reduction in number of juvenile commercial species caught by
shrimp-trawlers. Other outcomes expected are increased co-operation among countries at the regional
and global levels regarding shrimp fisheries, and improvement in national capacities for sound
management of the shrimp-trawler fisheries.
4.3 Components and expected results
The Workplan involves 4 main components: National Level Activities; Regional Level Activities;
Global and Regional Co-ordination and Networking; Project Operation and Management.
National level activities will focus on the development of more-sustainable shrimp-trawling practices
and the introduction of by-catch reduction technologies, aimed at a reduction of by-catch by 50% by the
end of the project period. These will initially be concentrated in the following participating countries:
Costa Rica (Pacific, and Caribbean)
Indonesia
(Asia/Arafura
Sea)
Iran
(Near
East/Gulf)
Mexico (Pacific and Gulf of Mexico)
Nigeria (West Africa/Gulf of Guinea)
Philippines (Asia)
Venezuela (Caribbean)
Whilst a common approach will be used, the detailed activities at each national level will differ,
because the situations with regard to: fishing fleet, trawl-gear, and fishing conditions are different in the
various countries. The main types of activities will be:
-
assessment of the impact of the present shrimp-trawling production systems on the
environment (by various means, combining analysis of data on catch, on by-catch, and/or
direct observations underwater of the impact of shrimp-trawls on the sea-bottom);
-
collection of more precise data on the composition of the resources and by-catch affected
in the various main shrimp-trawling grounds/seasons;
-
assessment of present and potential economic value of by-catch and discards;
-
evaluation (technical and economic) of possible options for the introduction of BRDs, in
consultation with the industry;
-
consideration of the introduction of alternative fishing methods, and of management
measures (such as closed seasons and closure of fishing grounds for shrimp-trawling);
-
development and/or adaptation of by-catch reduction technologies (reducing the capture
of juvenile fish, non-target fish, non-fish species, increased survival of escapees and of
discards);
-
conduct of fishing experiments with BRDs on commercial trawlers, and evaluation of the
results;
-
conduct of a mid-term assessment of the benefit of BRDs through a voluntary trial-fishing
period;
-
introduction of successful BRDs developed, on a larger scale, through training and
extension, extensive information campaigns, etc;
-
development of the necessary legal and management frameworks, including harmonized
MCS measures, in each participating country so as to ensure the use of such devices as
standard practice.
Regional level activities to expand to other participating countries in each sub-region, the coverage of
studies, assessments, experimental fishing activities, and commercial trials, as well as the wider full-scale
adoption of more sustainable practices, through joint activities under the lead of the first group of
participating countries. This second group includes:
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Bahrain (Near East/Gulfs, but through independent funding, not from GEF/UNEP).
Cameroon (West Africa/Gulf of Guinea)
Colombia (Pacific)
Cuba (Caribbean)
Trinidad and Tobago (Caribbean)
At the same time activities will be undertaken to co-ordinate with, or complement, other related
on-going sub-regional programs, in particular together with:
WECAFC (Caribbean)
CECAF (Africa, Gulf of Guinea);
RECOFI, and the ROPME/UNEP Project (Near East/Gulfs);
SEAFDEC (Southeast Asia, under which its member countries will be involved in the
development and introduction of juvenile fish-excluders).
Global and Regional activities will be focused on co-ordination and networking, so as to enable the
participating countries to be aware of, and have access to, all relevant available information concerning
shrimp-fisheries world-wide, as well as facilitation of the transfer of more environmentally-sound trawling
practices through suitable technical advisory services. It also includes the maintenance of contacts with
experts in various institutions in all member countries, in regional and interregional bodies including for
instance the Marine Stewardship Council. This will involve the production of various guidelines and
information material on sustainable shrimp-fishing technologies, including:
-
an electronic publication on shrimp-fishing methods;
-
an inventory of by-catch reduction devices (BRDs);
-
an inventory of legal and policy frameworks for sustainable shrimp-fisheries;
-
a directory of experts and institutions experienced in shrimp fisheries;
-
collation and distribution of regular annual reports (prepared by the participating countries and
other collaborating institutions) about progress in their shrimp- fisheries (effort, catches, by-catch
problems, technology, management, etc).
Project Operations and Management FAO will ensure proper execution and overall co-ordination of
activities within the project. This will involve:
-
the assignment of one Staff Member to act as Project Coordinator, assisted by an operations
officer and the corresponding administrative and clerical support
-
the establishment of an internal Project Task Force, to provide oversight and substantive inputs in
various disciplines, including fishing technology, marine biology, fisheries policy, fisheries
economics, fisheries legislation, and communications for outreach;
-
the implementation of project activities at national level for which contracting mechanisms with
leading local institutions will be adopted, following FAO rules and regulations;
-
the ongoing monitoring and evaluation of project implementation;
-
technical and administrative backstopping for the execution of activities at country, regional and
global levels (giving support to each National Steering Committee, through to the respective
National Coordinator);
-
the organization of appropriate meetings at regional and global levels.
-
attention to reporting obligations (financial, administrative, and technical).
The preliminary overall workprogramme is presented under 4.5 of this document and the budget
tables for the individual participating countries, in Annexes F1 to F13.
The ultimate result (output) of the project will be the adoption by several of the participating
countries, of fishing technologies and practices that are environmentally friendly, so that their shrimp-
trawling fisheries will be enhanced in terms of their environmental performance and reduction of
biological impacts, and be regarded as more sustainable in the future. A direct outcome of the project will
be the reduction in number of juvenile fish caught by trawlers using BRDs compared to trawlers not using
such devices. This can be verified when a successful BRD has been developed and introduced in a
shrimp-fishery and a comparison made between a trawl equipped with BRD and one without. Another
indicator of project success will be the number of trawlers using BRDs in each fishery at the end of the
project period. An additional product expected is the improvement in national capacities for the sound
management of the shrimp-trawler fisheries and increased co-operation required among countries at the
regional and global levels. All of which would not be achievable without the framework provided by this
project.
4.4 Risk and Sustainability
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A change to more environmentally-sound shrimp-trawling might in the short-term, cause some
economic losses in the shrimp-trawling industry, because the catch-efficiency for the target species may
be slightly reduced, and there should be reduced quantities of by-catch. Such economic losses could
lead to immediate social consequences in a few countries. However without the adoption of such more
environmentally-sound practices, because of shrimp-trawling's apparent negative environmental impact
and strong international pressure, it might become severely restricted and result in even greater market
losses.
On the other hand, with adoption of the anticipated more environmentally-sound practices, the
international acceptability of shrimp-trawling fisheries should improve, thus permitting the maintenance of
the industry and thereby ensuring the sustainability of the shrimp/fish landings, which serve in many of
the participating (developing) countries both as a local food-supply, and as an important source of income
through exports.
Successful adoption of improved shrimp-trawling practices should produce two added benefits:
an increase in the production (harvest) of food-fish as a result of the reduction in the mortality-rates for
their juveniles, as well as associated gains in the on-board quality of the products (catches) and the on-
board working conditions (for example from reductions in the time and labour involved in sorting the
catches).
There is still a risk that the anticipated improved technology may not be accepted by the fishing
industry, which might occur if the shrimp catch is substantially reduced, or if there is a major loss of
income also from by-catch. Therefore the involvement of the industry in all stages of the project
implementation is crucial and all stakeholders will be involved in, and kept fully abreast of developments.
Page 13
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4.5
General Workplan and Timetable:
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Component/ Activity
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
FAO
Global Information about Shrimp fisheries
Electronic information on shrimp fishing methods
Inventory of by-catch reduction devices (BRD's)
Contracting or subcontracting lead national institutions
Annual reporting on all countries shrimp fisheries
Inventory of legal and policy frameworks for sustainable shrimp fisheries
Guidelines and information material for implemantation of sustainable shrimp
fishing technologies
Directories of related experts and institutions
Meetings, Workshops
Mexico
Preparation on-board sampling programme
Experimentation improved trawls/BRD's
Demonstration of prototype trawls/ practices
Widespread use in the fleets of prototype trawls/ practices
Inauguration meeting (hosting country), Regional workshops
Trinidad &Tobago
Develop awareness material & Consult with Fishing Industry
Data collection on landings and fishing grounds
Coordination of activities with Venezuela
Management plan for Trawl fishery
Meetings, Workshops
Page 14
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Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
Venezuela
Develop consultative process with stakeholders
Problem identification concerning By-catch
Development/Adoption of by-catch reduction technologies
Introduction of appropriate by-catch reduction technologies
Meetings, Workshops
Costa Rica
Establishment of National Committee; Meetings of Nat. Committee
Participation on trials in Mexico
Transfer and adoption of technology; Demonstration activities in Costa Rica
Analysis of results, Change of technology
Meetings,Workshops
Cuba
Meetings National committee
Estimation of by-catch composition
Establishment of databases
Analysis of the structure of demersal communities
Improvement of the fishing regulations
Exchange of results and transfer of technologies
Meetings,Workshops
Iran
Fisheries/ oceanographic data collection
Socio-economic
surveys
Biological studies of by-catch species; Collection of oceanographic data
Page 15
3/31/2004
Construction
and
testing
of
BRD's
Planning for future MCS arrangements
Revision
of
fisheries
legislation
Meetings, Workshops
Bahrain
Administrative arrangements for project execution
Monitor behaviour of BRDs in the selected modified shrimp-trawls, and of
fish/shrimp reactions to these
Gear modifications and fishing-trials
. Development of institutional and legal frameworks for management of the
shrimp fisheries/ environment
. Awareness program for the shrimp-fisheries sector
Training
on
BRD
implementation
Final assessment
Meetings, Workshops
Indonesia
Problem
identification
concerning
by-catch
Stakeholders meetings
Field surveys
Development/ adaptation of by-catch reduction
Technologies
Field demonstration of new technologies
Introduction of appropriate BRD technology to shrimp fishing-fleets
Disemination,
extention
of
results;
Meetings,Workshops
Phillipines
Collection of data on By-catch and discards
Page 16
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Development / Adoption/ testing of by-catch reduction technologies
Formulation of a policy for the introduction of BRD's
Awareness
campaign/
Introduction
of
by-catch
reduction
technologies
Meetings, Workshops
SEAFDEC
Development of by-catch reduction devices for shrimp trawls in Indonesia and
Philippines
Comparative fishing trials in both countries
Analysis, evaluation and publication of results
Training for officers in the use of by-catch reduction devices
Production of Information and Trainings packages on BRD's
Publication,
dissemination
of
results
Meetings, Workshops
Nigeria
Fisheries Statistic data collection
Conduct observer sampling programme
Socio economic surveys
Selection of BRD's and programme design
Evaluation of new BRD's
Training session on the use of BRD's
Planning
of
MCS
arrangements
Meeting, Workshops
Cameroon
Surveys of shrimp fishing grounds
Selection of appropriate BRDs (with Nigeria and FAO)
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Training (in Nigeria) of Cameroonian personnel in the use of recommended
BRDs
3 On-board trials of BRDs on Nigerian vessels
Meetings, Workshops
COLOMBIA
Data collection and design of the programme (computer and logistic)
Recruitment, contracting or subcontracting personnel/services
Fishing trips for research/survey
Analysis of samples
Processing of data collected
Presentation of partial results
Revision and adjustment of the technologies developed/adopted
Validation of the systems
Final report
Page 18
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4.6 Budget
(A detailed budget broken down by participants countries is presented in Annexes F1 to F13)
TOTAL COMPOSITION OF PROJECT BUDGET
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
(US$)
Date: 16.10.2001
Donor: GEF
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Implementing Organization:
Executing Organization: FAO
UNEP
CO-
FINANCING
Countries Contribution (in kind)
Description
Baseline
Increment
Alternate
Donor GEF
Implement.
Executing
Governments Priv.
Sector
Total
Agency Agency FAO (in
UNEP
kind)
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
A. Global Information Production
850,000.00
850,000.00
B. National level actions
Costa Rica
200,000.00 300,000.00 500,000.00 300,000.00
0
0
150,000.00 50,000.00 500,000.00
Indonesia
300,000.00 400,000.00 700,000.00 400,000.00
0
0
100,000.00 200,000.00 700,000.00
Iran
300,000.00 500,000.00 800,000.00 500,000.00
0
0
150,000.00 150,000.00 800,000.00
Mexico
850,000.00 700,000.00 1,550,000.00 700,000.00
0
0
250,000.00 600,000.00 1,550,000.00
Nigeria
300,000.00 500,000.00 800,000.00 500,000.00
0
0
100,000.00 200,000.00 800,000.00
Philippines
200,000.00 400,000.00 600,000.00 400,000.00
0
0
100,000.00 100,000.00 600,000.00
Venezuela
550,000.00 400,000.00 950,000.00 400,000.00
0
0
200,000.00 350,000.00 950,000.00
Subtotal 3,550,000.00 3,200,000.00 6,750,000.00 3,200,000.00
0
850,000.00 1,050,000.00 1,650,000.00 6,750,000.00
C. Regional Activities
Bahrain
500,000.00
0
500,000.00
0
0
0
20,000.00 30,000.00 50,000.00
Cameroon
50,000.00 50,000.00 100,000.00 50,000.00
0
0
25,000.00 25,000.00 100,000.00
Colombia
100,000.00 100,000.00 200,000.00 100,000.00
0
0
50,000.00 50,000.00 200,000.00
Cuba
50,000.00 150,000.00 200,000.00 150,000.00
0
0
50,000.00
- 200,000.00
Trinidad & Tobago
100,000.00 100,000.00 200,000.00 100,000.00
0
0
50,000.00 50,000.00 200,000.00
SEAFDEC
150,000.00 100,000.00 250,000.00 100,000.00
0
0
150,000.00
- 250,000.00
Subtotal 950,000.00
500000
1,450,000.00 500,000.00
0
0
345,000.00 155,000.00 1,000,000.00
D. Project Coordination Management
200,000.00
750000
950,000.00 750,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00
-
- 950,000.00
Subtotal general 4,700,000.00 4,450,000.00 9,150,000.00 4,450,000.00 100,000.00 950,000.00 1,395,000.00 1,805,000.00 8,700,000.00
PDF-B
0
0
0
330,000.00 10,000.00 60,000.00
50,000.00
0
450,000.00
Total 4,700,000.00 4,450,000.00 9,150,000.00 4,780,000.00 110,000.00 1,010,000.00 1,445,000.00 1,805,000.00 9,150,000.00
Page 19
3/31/2004
4.7 Cash Advance Requirements:
An initial cash advance will be made upon signature of the project document by both parties and
will cover expenditures expected to be incurred by the FAO during the first six months from the UNEP
contribution (i.e. GEF Funds provided by UNEP on behalf of the GEF). Subsequent advances are to be
made quarterly, subject to:
(i) Confirmation by the FAO, at least two weeks before the payment is due, that the expected rate
of expenditure and actual cash position necessitate the payment, including a reasonable
amount to cover "lead time" for the next remittance; and
(ii) The presentation of a satisfactory financial report showing expenditures incurred for the past
quarter, under each project .
4.8 Follow-up:
Prioritized project designs considered necessary for further activity-implementation phases on a
sub-regional or inter-regional/global scale may be submitted to the GEF, UNEP, and any other donors for
their consideration.
SECTION 5 - INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The main-phase of the project will continue to be executed by FAO (Executing Agency and
manager of the funds provided to the project by UNEP on behalf of GEF, consistent with FAO financial
reporting format), in direct liaison with the governments of the 12 participating countries, as well as in
regular contact with the relevant administrations of the other collaborating countries and inter-
governmental bodies.
In each participating country a series of specific planned activities will be undertaken through the
contracts to be implemented between FAO and the leading national institutions under the coordination of
the respective National Coordinator and under the overall supervision of the Project Coordinator in FAO
Headquarters, who as FAO's Budget Holder assisted by an operations officer and administrative/clerical
support, holds the financial (and technical responsibility) for the allocation and disbursement of the
international resources provided from GEF, from UNEP or from FAO, which complement the inputs by
each participating government.
The responsible Ministry in each participating government shall assign a National Coordinator to
act as the focal point for all day-to-day interventions, inputs, and communications at the respective national
level. Each National Coordinator will also be expected to take responsibility for the establishment and
regular meetings of a National Steering Committee with the mandate to serve as a mechanism for the
coordination of national actions by promoting the active participation of all interested institutions, for
monitoring the activities to be undertaken through contracts between FAO and national institutions for
advising on the orientation and all aspects of project implementation in the country, and for reviewing
progress achieved. In order to ensure the necessary participation of all stakeholders, the membership of
each National Steering Committee should usually include representatives of: fishery managers,
researchers (in gear technology, marine biology, environment) as well as shrimp-fishers, non-shrimp
fishers, shrimp/fish processors and traders, NGOs, etc. In fact during the preparatory phase of the project
such National Coordinators have already been nominated by most participating governments and they
have in most cases also already established National Steering Committees. These assignments and
arrangements are expected to be confirmed for the implementation of this main-phase.
The additional collaborating governments and inter-governmental organizations will also each be
expected to nominate a focal point Coordinator for contacts with FAO's Project Coordinator, and they may,
if deemed appropriate, also establish their own Steering Committees.
FAO, as Executing Agency for the Project (with UNEP acting as the overall Implementing Agency)
will ensure three administrative arrangements:
-
Firstly, the international coordination and administration of all project activities, this being the prime
task of an Project Coordinator (that will be assisted by an operations officer and
administrative/clerical support services) who, as part of his/her functions as an Officer under
FAO's Regular Programme of Work and Budget (PWB), will be assigned by the Chief, Fishery
Page
21
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Technology Service (FIIT) of the Fisheries Department of FAO. This Project Coordinator will work
at FAO Headquarters under the overall authority of the Chief FIIT and with technical guidance
from an internal Project Task Force (see below), with operational, secretarial and clerical support
services provided by the Fisheries Department, and with central administrative and financial
support services provided by the Administration and Finance Department (AFD). The Project
Coordinator will be supported by a part-time Technical Officer (FIIT staff) and a part-time Project
Operations Support Officer.
-
Secondly, contracting the services of national institutions to undertake specific activities indicated
in the work plan of the individual participant countries, or recruiting experts/specialists, providing
equipment and materials, organizing the external training activities missions and meetings
concerned.
-
Thirdly, technical oversight and substantive support and/or inputs to the project through an internal
Project Task Force, under the overall chaimanship and supervision of the Chief FIIT, and which
will comprise FAO experts in the main disciplines concerned in project activities, for instance:
-
fishing gear technology (FIIT)
-
marine biology (FIRM)
-
fisheries policy (FIPP)
-
fisheries economics (FIPP, FIIU)
-
fisheries legislation (LEGN)
-
communications outreach and extension (SDRE and FIIT)
-
investment and coordination of technical cooperation (TCII).
This Task Force, comprising individual experts nominated by the Chief of the unit concerned, will
meet periodically in FAO HQ under the chairmanship of the Chief FIIT, to consider the overall project
workplan as well as the specific activities scheduled as an input by FAO, their progress and any problems
indicated by the Project Coordinator, and to decide on appropriate action to be undertaken by the Project
Coordinator, and/or by the respective FAO units concerned. It will also monitor and evaluate the overall
progress of project implementation. As Chairman of the Task Force, the Chief FIIT may coopt, on a short
or long-term basis, representatives of other units, including those of the Fisheries Officers serving in the
various Regional and Sub-regional Offices of FAO, and/or representatives of other Departments, to
participate as required in the work of the Task Force. The Project Coordinator will not be a member of the
Task Force, but will be expected to attend its meetings in order to present his/her proposals and views.
The Lead Technical Unit (FIIT) will provide the secretarial assistance required in organizing, conducting
and reporting on each meeting. Such summary reports shall, after approval by the Chairman, be made
available to all FAO officers concerned, and through the Project Coordinator, to all National Coordinators,
and to the appropriate focal points in other collaborating governments, in intergovernmental institutions,
and to UNEP.
The technical advisory services provided by members of the Task Force at their normal duty-
stations (in FAO Headquarters or respective FAO Regional /Sub-Regional Offices) are also considered
part of the in-kind contribution to the project by FAO's ongoing Regular Programme of Work and Budget
(PWB). However any field missions to participating or collaborating countries/institutions to be undertaken
by any FAO Officers (other than the Project Coordinator) on behalf of the Project, away from their HQ or
Regional/Sub-Regional Offices, will be treated as consultancy inputs to the Project, and will require the
prior approval by the ADG-FI (or of other Departmental ADGs concerned) of: the Terms of Reference for
the mission, the itinerary, costs of travel (DSA/tickets), as well as secondment (honorarium component),
and incidentals including reporting. In consultation with the Chief FIIT, the Assistant Director-General,
Fisheries Department (ADG-FI) will decide on a case by case basis whether all or any costs of such field
missions by FAO Staff shall be charged to the FAO in-kind contribution to the project, or should be
charged elsewhere.
An International Project Steering Committee will be established comprising Representatives
of:
-
the responsible Ministry in one of the participating countries from each region;
-
the Implementing Agency (UNEP);
-
the Executing Agency (FAO).
The other GEF implementing and executing agencies will (under expanded opportunities) be
invited to participate as Observers, plus also, as and when necessary, any other inter-
governmental institutions collaborating in the project.
Page
22
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This International Steering Committee will be charged with reviewing, advising upon, and approving
any significant changes proposed to the original overall work programme and budgets of the project. It
will be organized by FAO, with the logistic arrangements including the secretarial functions, facilitated
by the Project Coordinator, and the financing of the travel and per-diem (where necessary) of the
participants (but not of the Observers) charged to the project. It will meet upon the occasion of
important inter-regional meetings (for instance at the Inaugural Meeting of all National Coordinators)
but the Chairman is expected to also arrange inter-sessional consultations by correspondence and/or
electronic communications.
Within each sub-region bi-lateral cooperation will be promoted by the National Coordinators
concerned, supported by the Project Coordinator, not only through the exchange of information, but
particularly through the joint design, conduct and evaluation of BRD demonstration activities.
Successful implementation of the project will depend on the active participation of
stakeholders. To assure this, the proposal has specific elements for participation. Thus, the programs
on public participation and education and training are of fundamental importance. Many institutions,
government agencies, and civil society organizations took part in preparing this proposal, contributing
their experience and hands-on knowledge to identify the component elements.
UNEP will be responsible for overall project supervision to ensure consistency with GEF and
UNEP policies and procedures, and will provide guidance on linkages with related UNEP and GEF
funded activities. UNEP also has a responsibility for regular liaison with FAO on substantive and
administrative matters, and for participating in meetings and workshops as appropriate.
The UNEP/GEF Coordination Office will provide assistance and advice to FAO and UNEP/
DEIAEW on project management (e.g. revisions of workplan and budgets) and policy guidance in
relation to GEF procedures, requirements and schedules.
FAO will be responsible for timely production of financial and progress reports to UNEP as
mentioned in Section 6. The UNEP/GEF Coordination Office will be responsible for clearance and
transmission of financial and progress reports to the Global Environment Facility.
UNEP will be responsibile for review and approval of all the substantive reports produced in
accordance with the schedule of work.
All the proposed activities at the country level will be managed on a day-to-day basis by the
respective National Coordinators in each participating country/institution, in consultation with the
Project Coordinator in FAO.
All correspondence on substantive and technical matters concerning the project should be
addressed to:
(1) In FAO
Mr. Jeremy Turner
Chief, Fishing Technology Service (FIIT)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-6446
fax:
0039-06-5705-5188
e-mail:
jeremy.turner@fao.org
With copies to:
Mr. W. Thiele
Senior Fishery Industry Officer
Fishery Technology Service (FIIT)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-5836
fax:
0039-06-5705-5188
e-mail:
wilfried.thiele@fao.org
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23
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and
Ms. B. Cooney
FAO-GEF Focal Point
Investment Centre (TCII)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-5478
fax:
0039-06-5705-4657
e-mail:
barbara.cooney@fao.org
(2) In UNEP:
Mr. Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf
Director,
UNEP/DGEF
The Division of GEF Co-ordination
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi,
Kenya
tel:
254-2-62-4166
fax:
254-2-62-4041
e-mail:
ahmed.djoghlaf@unep.org
With copy to:
Ms. Marie Prchalova
Programme
Officer
UNEP/DGEF
The Division of GEF Co-ordination
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi,
Kenya
tel: 254-2-62 4085
fax: 254-2-62 4041
e-mail:
marie.prchalova@unep.org
and
Mr. Vladimir Mamaev
Senior Programme Officer International Waters
UNEP/DGEF
The Division of GEF Co-ordination
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi - Kenya
tel: 254-2-62 4607
fax: 254-2 62 4041
e-mail:
vladimir.mamaev@unep.org
All
correspondence administrative and financial matters should be addressed to:
(1) In FAO
Mr. Jeremy Turner
Chief, Fishing Technology Service (FIIT)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-6446
fax:
0039-06-5705-5188
e-mail:
jeremy.turner@fao.org
With copies to:
Mr. W. Thiele
Senior Fishery Industry Officer
Fishery Technology Service (FIIT)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-5836
fax:
0039-06-5705-5188
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e-mail:
wilfried.thiele@fao.org
and
Mr. D.L. Baugh
Chief, Projects Accounting Group (AFFR)
FAO/UN
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100, Rome, Italy
tel:
0039-06-5705-6538
fax:
0039-06-5705-6239
e-mail:.david.baugh@fao.org
(2) In UNEP:
Mr. Edmundo Ortega
Chief, Budget and Fund Management Unit
UNON
P.O. Box 67578
Nairobi - Kenya
tel: + 254-2-623637
fax: + 254-2-623755
With copy to:
Ms. Immaculate Njeru
GEF Fund and Administrative Officer
GEF Coordination Office
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi - Kenya
tel: + 254-2-623595
fax: + 254-2 623126/624041
SECTION 6: MONITORING AND REPORTING
6.1 Monitoring and Evaluation
At country level each National Coordinator, having responsibility for the implementation of the
national (and/or subsequent joint bilateral) activities, will be assisted in review-and-monitoring aspects
by reporting to, and obtaining feed-back from, both the responsible Minister within the Government,
and the National Steering Committee. Each National Coordinator shall provide to FAO relevant details
in the form of regular progress reports, the periodicity and format to be agreed with the Project
Coordinator.
Within FAO the internal Task Force will also have the responsibility for reviewing and
monitoring the progress, not only of project activities undertaken through FAO's inputs, but also of the
project in general, based on the regular flow of information and data presented to it by the Project
Coordinator, as well as the half year Progress Reports to be prepared by the Project Coordinator for
onforwarding to UNEP (and copied to the members and Observers on the International Steering
Committee).
At the global level, monitoring and review of the project's activities and results, as well as any
major changes proposed in the overall workplan, will be undertaken by the International Steering
Committee, through inter-sessional exchanges, and also through its formal meetings, the first of which
is scheduled at the time of the Inaugural Meeting for National Coordinators.
The evaluation of activities in each country will be made against milestones in terms of results,
which will allow decisions to be taken regarding implementation of further activities. For instance, one
important milestone will be the completion of experimental fishing using one or several by-catch
reduction technologies. The execution and results of these experiments should be analyzed
immediately afterwards by the National Steering Committee in consultation with the National
Coordinator, the Project Coordinator, and FAO technical officers, so that the experience from testing in
different countries can be compared, and that the good lessons learned can be communicated to all
other parties involved. A second major milestone will be met when the BRD(s) is(are) introduced into
the commercial shrimp-fisheries, although the evaluation of the successes or failures of this
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introduction cannot be envisaged until the project has been running for at least three years, and in
some countries this evaluation might even require additional time.
During the course of the project, UNEP and FAO may (if deemed necessary) organize an
independent evaluation mission to diagnose possible problems, to and suggest the necessary
corrective measures, and evaluate the efficiency of the project management at each level, including
delivery of inputs and activities in terms of quality, quantity and timeliness. The Terms of Reference,
composition, itinerary and funding for such a mission will be agreed by mutual discussion between
FAO and UNEP.
Upon completion of the project, UNEP and the UNEP/GEF Coordination Office will undertake
a desk evaluation to measure the degree to which the objectives have been achieved, and highlighting
for GEF in particular, the lessons learned in the preparation of a project of global scope. This
evaluation should also seek to reflect the views and feedback from all the governments and
intergovernmental institutions involved in the achievement of the project goals. This final desk
evaluation will be undertaken according to UNEP-approved Monitoring and Evaluation procedures.
A
post facto in-depth evaluation will be conducted, under the supervision of the UNEP/GEF
Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, two years after the project has been completed, to evaluate the
environmental impacts and long-term effects of the project, and to make recommendations for future
action, identify the conditions for successful replication if appropriate, and to draw generic lessons.
This evaluation of the overall performance of the project will be undertaken within the framework of the
Monitoring and Evaluation programme of the GEF Secretariat, by an external and independent
consultant.
STAP Review. (Annex C) The Project Brief was reviewed by an Expert on the STAP Roster.
The comments provided have been addressed and various aspects of the original workplan and the
text of this Operational Project Document have also been altered to address the specific concerns
raised.
6.2 Half year Operational Reports
Two reports per year and within 15 days of the end of each reporting period (31 July; 31
December), FAO (the Chief FIIT) shall submit to the UNEP/GEF Coordination Unit, a operational
report on the progress in project execution, using the format required by GEF.
6.3 Terminal Report
Within 60 days of project completion, FAO (the Chief FIIT) shall submit to the Chief, Budget
and Fund Management Unit, UNEP with copies to the UNEP/GEF Coordination Office, a Project
Terminal Report, using the format required by GEF.
6.4 Substantive Reports
As per section 4 above, copies of all the substantive and technical reports produced by FAO
(in collaboration with the participating countries/institutions in accordance with the schedule of work)
will be submitted by FAO (the Chief FIIT) to the UNEP/GEF Coordination Office and to the Chief,
Budget and Fund Management Unit, UNEP.
6.5 Financial Reports
6.5.1 Project Expenditure Accounts
(i) Details of expenditures will be reported by FAO (AFFC), every three months (as at 31 January, 30
April, 31 July, 31 October) on an activity-by-activity basis, in line with the project budget codes as
set out in the project document. All expenditure accounts shall be dispatched to the Chief, Budget
and Fund Management Unit, UNEP, within 15 days of the end of the quarter to which they refer,
certified by a duly authorized official of FAO.
(ii) In addition, UNEP requires that the expenditure account should be reported as part of an
independent audit of the External Auditors of FAO.
(iii) Within 60 days of the completion of the project, FAO (AFFC) shall supply UNEP with a final
statement of account in the format as for the three-month statements, confirming that the financial
records of this project will be an integral part of the financial records of FAO, which are subject to an
independent audit by the External Auditors of the FAO, and agrees to furnish copies of these audit
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reports to UNEP along with such other related information as may be requested by UNEP with
respect to any questions arising from the audit report.
(iv) Any portion of cash advances remaining unspent or uncommitted by FAO on completion of the
project will be reimbursed to UNEP within one month of the presentation of the final statement of
accounts. In the event that there is any delay in such disbursement, FAO will be financially
responsible for any adverse movement in the exchange rates.
6.5.2 Cash Advance Accounts
A statement of advances of cash provided by UNEP should be submitted in the required
format.
SECTION 7: TERMS AND CONDITIONS
7.1 Non-expendable Equipment
FAO will maintain records of non-expendable equipment (items costing $1500 or more)
purchased with UNEP funds, and will submit an inventory of all such equipment to UNEP, indicating
description, cost, date of purchase, and present condition of each item attached to the quarterly
reports. Upon completion of project activities, FAO will attach to the Terminal Report a final inventory
of all non-expendable equipment purchased under this project. All such equipment shall remain the
property of UNEP until its disposal is authorized by UNEP, in consultation with FAO. According to
UNEP/GEF procedures, the executing agency (FAO) shall be responsible for any loss of or damage,
ordinary wear and tear excepted, caused by FAO to equipment purchased with UNEP funds. Since
the equipment to be purchased with UNEP funds will be used by the beneficiary countries of the
project, through the LOAs to be implemented between FAO and the participating countries. The
countries themselves will be the final responsible for any loss or damage, ordinary wear and tear
excepted, caused by the countries to the equipment of the project. The proceeds from the sale of
equipment duly authorized by UNEP upon completion of project activities shall be credited to the
accounts of UNEP, or the appropriate Trust Fund or Counterpart Contribution.
7.2 Responsibility for Cost Overruns
Any cost overrun (expenditure in excess of the amount budged in each budget sub-line) shall
be met by the organization responsible for authorizing the expenditure, unless written agreement has
been received by letter or cable, in advance, from UNEP. In cases where UNEP has indicated its
agreement to a cost overrun in budget sub-line, either to transfer funds from one sub-line to another,
or to increase the total cost to UNEP, a revision to the project document amending the budget will be
issued by UNEP.
7.3 Claims by Third Parties against UNEP
The participating countries of the project shall be responsible for dealing with any claims
which may be brought by third parties against UNEP or FAO and its staff, in relation to work executed
by FAO under this Agreement and UNEP shall not be liable to FAO in relation to those claims unless
those claims were caused by the negligence or other conduct of UNEP or UNEP's staff. Nothing in this
Agreement may be construed as a waiver of the immunities from suit, legal process, execution, of
either UNEP or FAO.
7.4 Disputes-resolution Provision
Any controversy or claim arising out of, or in accordance with this Agreement or any breach
thereof, shall, unless it is settled by direct negotiations, be settled in accordance with the UNCITRAL
Arbitration Rules as at present in force.
The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as
the final adjudication of any such controversy or claim.
7.5 Modification
This Agreement may be modified or otherwise amended by the written agreement of the
Parties, signed by their duly authorized representatives, dated, and attached hereto.
7.6 Termination
Either party may terminate this Agreement with sixty days' advanced written notice to the
other. In the event of such termination, each party shall provide the corresponding funding in
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accordance with its obligations herein to cover any project costs up until the termination date,
including, but not limited to, the costs of complying with third-party commitments made pursuant to the
project that may run beyond the termination date and which cannot be revoked without incurring
liability.
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX A -
Incremental Cost Analysis
ANNEX B -
Logical Framework Matrix
ANNEX C -
STAP Roster Technical Review
ANNEX D -
Available Reference Documents
ANNEX E -
Overview of the Shrimp-Trawl Fishery in the Participating Countries
ANNEX F1 - F13
Budget tables of the Participating Countries
ANNEX G -
Project Budget Inputs from GEF to FAO
ANNEX H -
FAO Co-financing (in kind)
ANNEX J -
Summary Budget for GEF contribution
ANNEX K
Budget in UNEP budget Format
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Annex A
Incremental Cost Analysis
FOCUS OF THE PROJECT
The overall objective of the project is to reduce discards of fish captured by shrimp-trawlers, primarily by
introducing technologies that reduce the catch of juvenile food-fish and other by-catch. the participating
countries have themselves identified the capture of juvenile food-fish and discards as a non-sustainable practice
and have therefore assigned priority to reducing the problem nationally. Thes countries will therefore contribute
through research and management in the fields of marine biology and fishing technology.
In essence this project is a barrier-removal intervention focussing on two types of barrier to the adoption of
more-sustainable and less environmentally damaging technologies in the tropical shrimp-trawling industry.
The first of these barriers relates to the availability of information on BRDs in the countries and shrimp-trawling
industries located in tropical developing countries. The second relates to economic factors, including the capital
costs of adopting BRDs and the absence of strong economic incentives to adopt such technologies even when
the information is available and when capital resources for investment are also available.
ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Immediate or short-term national environmental and/or economic benefits to the adoption of BRDs are difficult
to identify. Indeed it could be argued that short-term economic disbenefits will result from the adoption of such
devices within the trawl industry. BRDs result in a lowered shrimp catch and fish by-catch in countries where
markets now exist for fish by-catch, and hence lowered income and profitability to individual trawl owners and
the fishing sector as a whole. At the national level, this results in loss of foreign exchange earnings. Regrettably,
it is not possible at present to quantify such losses at either the national or sector levels, nor at the level of the
individual trawl operator. There is some evidence to suggest that reduction in by-catch will improve the quality
of the product and working conditions but the economic benefits from such changes cannot be estimated at this
time.
In contrast, medium-term economic benefits may result from the adoption of such by-catch reduction devices.
Such benefits could result from the exclusion of juveniles of commercially important finfish species from the
shrimp-trawl catches, resulting in improved recruitment to commercial fin fisheries and hence enhanced
economic benefit at the national level. However such benefits will accrue to sectors of the fishing industry other
than the shrimp trawlers, and quantifying such economic benefits will only be possible following the
experimental fishing which forms a component of this project.
In the longer term it is possible that international markets for wild-caught shrimp derived from fisheries that
operate without by-catch reduction devices will decline due to increasing international concern regarding the
impacts of trawl fisheries on non-target species. Therefore markets may decline in the longer term, thus
providing an incentive for the adoption of such techniques. Again such longer-term economic benefits are
difficult to estimate at the present time.
One immediate environmental benefit will be a reduction in accidental mortality of endangered turtle species,
whilst an overall reduction in by-catch should result in enhanced recruitment to populations of non-commercial
species, thus protecting biological diversity in tropical soft-bottom communities or taxa.
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BASELINE AND INCREMENTAL ACTIONS
The participating countries are committed to implementing the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
and have, through the project preparatory phase, indicated strong willingness to examine methods for reduction
of unwanted by-catch, including the adoption of BRDs and improved management regimes for their tropical
shrimp-trawler fisheries. Improvements in management, including the establishment of quotas, institution or
extension of closed seasons and closure of specific fishing grounds, are likely to be undertaken in the absence of
this intervention. This project will however greatly enhance the development and rate of adoption of such
management regimes by facilitating the transfer and exchange of information between countries sharing
individual trawl fisheries.
The FAO co-financing is presented in Table 2 as part of the project baseline, since such actions would continue
to be undertaken by FAO in the absence of GEF financing. In reality however such co-financing is itself
incremental since it results in supranational environmental benefits, including, inter alia, a more rapid transfer of
information and knowledge than would occur in the absence of FAO. Actions such as those contained in
component A of the project, which are concerned with information production and dissemination, could not
occur through national action alone and would in fact result in little or no direct national benefit to a country
supporting such activities. Nevertheless such actions are likely to contribute to more rapid adoption of
sustainable techniques by overcoming the barriers to information access.
FAO-funded components involve, inter alia, facilitating the transfer of technology and the conduct of
experimental fishing to provide direct information on the reduction of by-catch (environmental benefits) and on
the magnitude of the reduction of the target species (economic costs). Such data are not currently available, so
the economic arguments based on medium- and longer-term benefits cannot be quantified and presented to
decision making bodies within the fisheries sector.
Access to such information and the consequent adoption of more-sustainable shrimp-trawling technologies may
ultimately result in longer-term national environmental and economic benefits. In contrast the initial capital costs
of adopting such technologies cannot be justified economically at the present time, since the economic benefits
cannot be quantified, whereas the costs are immediate and apparent.
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Annex B
Logical Framework Matrix
Summary Objectively
Verifiable
Indicators
Means of Verification
Critical Assumptions and Risks
(Monitoring focus)
Overall Objectives
Reduced by-catch taken by shrimp
Reports by countries of reduced discard
Collection of data on catch rates and
Economic and social factors related to
trawlers
levels and non-capture of turtles or other
catch composition before and after
market opportunities for by-catch
key marine living resource (eg juvenile
introduction of any by-catch reduction
finfish)
device or any change in fishing
operations
Reduce capture of juvenile fish,
Increased production of food fish in the
Same as above, as well as an increase in
Same as above
particularly of species used for human
fishing areas
landings of relevant fish species
consumption
Increase knowledge on the impact of
Reports about quality and magnitude of
Changes in gears and fishing operations
Same as above
shrimp-trawling on marine habitat
distortion of bottom habitat caused by
trawling
Outcomes
Minimizing the pantropical problem of
Countries involved have assigned
Evaluation of research and development
Temporary loss of income from by-catch
unwanted by-catch from shrimp trawling priority for research institutions and
programmes
trade in some countries
administration to solve the problem.
Introduction of appropriate fishing
Number of vessels that change their
Monitoring of vessels
Lack of funds to change fishing practices
technology and practice
fishing practice and adopt new
Dissemination of guidelines and manuals that might lead to lower economic
technologiesPreparation of guidelines
for applying the new techniques
returns, even if only temporarily
and manuals for applying the new
techniques
Enactment of relevant legislation and
Adopted and published regulations and
Adoption of regulations by the fishing
That relevant laws and regulations will
development of an improved
laws
industry
be complied with by the fishing industry
management framework
Enhance awareness of the problem of
Increased demand for materials and
Monitoring of number of documentation
Web site will be attractive and well
shrimp by-catch
publications on shrimp fisheries and by-
requests and replies; statistics on web-
maintained, with up-to-date information
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catch; number of hits on web site to be
site visitors
on project activities and results
maintained by FAO
Increase dialogue, interaction and joint
Specific technical assistance provided by Monitoring and reporting of active
Interest of and contributions by resource
operations at the country and regional
resource countries; number of joint
participation and interactions among
countries and institutions would need to
levels
activities implemented among
countries and resource countries
be forthcoming and materialized
participating countries
Results
Adoption of by-catch reduction devices
Installation of devices in the shrimp-
Reports of observers on use of by-catch
In some countries the by-catch of
by national and regional shrimp-trawling trawling gear
reduction devices and on results of using
marketable fish is an important source of
fisheries
them
income to coastal communities;
reduction of by-catch rates could lower
employment rates and reduce income.
Efforts might be made to develop uses of
by-catch now being dumped at sea
Improved management of shrimp-
Introduction of new management
Catch statistics by vessels and/or
Shortage of qualified staff
trawling fishery
systems
observer records
Increased co-operation among countries
Number of agreements between
Joint scientific publications; reports of
Lack of funds and capacity for research
in research on and management of the
governments on fishery research
relevant scientific meetings and
resources
(especially relevant to the problems
conferences
addressed by the project)
Number of new research programmes on
Scientific reports and publications
Same as above
Better understanding of the
environmental issues
interactions between fishing gear and
environment
Components/Activities
Inventory of by-catch reduction devices;
Development and adoption of guidelines
Adoption of legal framework;
None
legal and policy framework
and information material for by-catch
publications
reduction devices
Identification of problems of by-catch
Studies in 6 participating countries
Presentation of results;development of
None
relevant research programmes
Mapping of distribution of catches of
Increased/improved data-collection
Research and workshop reports
Lack of qualified staff
target species and by-catch;
programmes; increase in related research
determination of catch composition in
work; organization of workshops
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different fishing grounds
Development and adoption of by-catch
Selection of the best technology for the
Reports of meetings and workshops;
Developed technology might not be
reduction technologies
region; joint experimental fishing with
proposals for technical solutions
accepted by the industry because of
neighbouring countries
substantially reduced shrimp catches and
loss of income
Testing of by-catch reduction devices in
Number of vessels involved in the tests;
Reports on experimental fishing cruises;
Same as above
industrial and artisanal fisheries
number of relevant research programmes number of fishers accepting the new
technology
Testing of alternative fishing gears for
Number of research programmes and
Reports on research and experimental
Lower efficiency of alternative
shrimp fishing
experimental fishing cruises
fishing cruises;number of fishers and
gears;higher cost of fishing operations
vessels involved
Demonstration and training for fishers on Organisation of training courses
Number of fishers participating in the
None
by-catch reduction devices
courses
Dissemination of the results to the
Number of training programmes;
Number of publications
Lack of funds
fishing industry
continuous assessment of resources
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Annex C
STAP Roster Technical Review
Key issues
Introduction
The Project is faced with a serious contradiction (tacitly admittted in its text): that of pleasing
environmentalists and political ecologists, on the one hand, and fishers, on the other. The former, at
best, want the sea bed, and the marine environment in general, not to be disturbed so much and so
often as to compromise the sustainability of present levels of biodiversity and of good health of all
marine ecosystems. They consider that the "killing" of by-catch that is dumped back into the sea is a
means of lowering biodiversity and degrading the marine environment.
The fishers do not want the opposite, but do also want to earn a living by shrimp fishing and cover
their fishing-vessel costs, replacement etc.
The fishers sell by-catch, if there is a market for it, so they are not against taking it, but are,
nevertheless, against taking by-catch and having to dump it back into the sea (an undesirable operating
cost). By proposing to the shrimp-trawler fisheries to introduce by-catch reduction devices, mainly to
help other fisheries, without evident reciprocation, GEF is probably placing a serious obstacle in the
way of the Project's eventual success.
The honest but rather frequent reference to the probable loss of income (and additional investment) in
the short to medium term to the shrimp-trawler fisheries, with only a rather vague promise of longer-
term and, one hopes, sustainable income, is also likely to be an impediment to the Project's success at
the level of the shrimp fishers.
Scientific and technical soundness of the project
By-catch
Environmentalists do not want, in principle, any by-catch, especially of endangered species. "Inspired"
by the ecological movement of recent years, we tend to assume automatically that it is "wrong" or a
"waste" to take fish/shellfish etc. from the sea only to dump it back, but the fishable stock is what it is
as a result of all causes of death between the birth and death of any individual fish/shellfish. So it is the
sum of the causes that counts and the problem becomes one of relating the loss due to fishing to the
loss due to other, non-fishing, causes.
The Project proposal refers here and there to "unwanted" by-catch Who "unwants"? Fishermen at sea
may want to keep and sell by-catch, if this is economically advantageous to them, or they may not want
it, either in their trawls, in the first place, nor on deck to be dumped back into the sea. But it is quite
possible that they want some of it (the sellable) part and not the rest, although they might not want to
sort it on deck (for economic and/or operational reasons); unfortunately, by-catch does not come up
ready sorted in the trawl net. Although the idea of not catching unwanted by-catch seems reasonable,
the BRDs are not likely to discriminate between wanted and unwanted by-catch, but the Project is
aimed at reducing both.
By-catches are incidental and therefore inefficiently caught; the effect on the by-catch species must be
considerably less than that on the target species: the impact on the by-catch species may be less
important than environmentalists like to think.
The sense of the term "unwanted" is strongly qualified by the viewer. The question is whether it is
better (for the environment?) to return by-catch (however substantial) to the sea or better (ecologically
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and economically?) to let the fishermen take by-catch and sell it (if the appropriate market is there or
can be created).
Even if all by-catch could be avoided, the catch of the target species probably would not increase and if
it did, overfishing (i.e. loss-making fishing for this species) would be reached much quicker, so that
reducing shrimp-trawlers' by-catch may actually help no onehence the question: Who "unwants"?
Another important point to bear in mind is that what is unwanted today may be wanted tomorrow,
especially if useful products based on by-catch can be developed. The Project should not prejudge this
matter.
From the figures suggested in the Project proposal, "wanted" by-catch is worth between $50 and, say,
$500 a ton, and this is described as an economic loss (other than the operational costs of not taking
exclusively target speciesshrimp, hereor of having to take the trouble to dump by-catch into the
sea)? FAO is cited here as saying, in effect, that worthless by-catchbecause discardedis worth
billions of dollars. Who loses, and how, is not made clear.
The amount of by-catch per species, in the shrimp fishery, is comparatively small (because a
considerable mix of other species is taken in the by-catch), so it is probable that by-catch itself is not a
major factor in fish-stock abundance, for a particular species, unless this species is already subjected to
heavy commercial fishing in the area of the shrimp fishery; this distinction is not made in the Project
proposal and there are no, or at best only vague, references to the association of shrimp and finfish
fisheries. More should be said on the relevant finfish fisheries, in the Project's context.
If the Project is part of a concerted international effort to resolve the by-catch problem, a number of
questions (implicit or explicit in this Review) need to be answered first; the Project cannot do this, and
it is doubtful that any organization, country or group of countries has yet provided satisfactory answers
to most of these questions.
Parent/juvenile stock relationship
Much is made throughout the Project proposal of the advantages of reducing, in the by-catch of the
shrimp fishery, the amount of juvenile finfish of species which, as adults, are commercially important
to the fishing industry as a whole. This may be so, although I do not think that studies carried out by
FAO and other concerned institutions have yet proven their case: ecology is far too complex to yield
any easy answers. For example, some juvenile finfish feed on shrimp larvae, so their catch/by-catch
benefits the shrimp fishery, in principle. Moreover, there is rarely (even never) a clear-cut relationship
between the abundance of a parental fish stock and the abundance of the offspring it produces and
which survives to join the fishable or the parental stock, because there are so many other factors
determining survival (of finfish, for example) in the marine environment. Nor can the relationship be
investigated easily in the absence of a broad sampling programme (i.e. a fishery).
The "reduced capture of juvenile fish" may not leadat all or only slowly relative to Project
lifetimeto "increased production of food fish", contrary what is claimed in Annex B.
Environmental impact
The Project is weak in so far as it does not make substantive arrangements for determining the impact
of shrimp-trawler fisheries on the marine environment, especially the sea bed. The arrangements
indicated in Annex B are very vague for so important a matter.
The Project proposal states "In each of the participating countries the impact on the environment of
present production systems will be assessed...". This is a major undertaking, yet nothing is said (in the
text, nor in Annexes B and F) of the national or other institutions that would undertake this work. The
participating countries will develop or adapt by-catch reduction techniques "...which reduce the capture
of juvenile fish...to an acceptable level." An acceptable level is not defined; nor is it stated who should
decide this, nor by what criteria.
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The possibility of closed fishing seasons and/or areas is put forward as a basis for relieving the shrimp
stock to recover (from fishing/overfishing); it might be added that such seasons would also allow the
sea bed to recover from intensive trawling.
There are numerous ecological problems to be solved for the usefulness of BRDs to be properly
established. One relevant example is that turtles eat shrimp, so (from the fishers' standpoint) catching
turtles (in by-catch) amounts to removing a competitor, but the present "ecological" climate would not
accept this idea. Hence the contradictory grounds on which the Project proposal stands.
Identification of the global environmental benefits and/or drawbacks of the project
The benefits, pending favourable results of experimental fishing, are harder to identify than the
drawbacks, which are covered in the section on Scientific and technical soundness of the Project.
How the project fits within the context of the goals of GEF, as well as its operational strategies,
programme priorities, GEF Council guidance and the provisions of the relevant conventions
This is covered, even if only superficially, in the Project proposal. It is arguable that this particular
Project should properly have been left to FAO, since it is basically the development, testing and
application of by-catch reduction devices to shrimp-trawler fisheries and is comparatively weak on the
environmental impact aspects of shrimp fishing without BRDs.
Regional context
The regional coverage of the Project proposal is quite satisfactory.
Replicability of the project (added-value for the the global environment beyond the project itself)
A great deal depends on the success of the development, testing and application of BRDs; based on
favourable results elsewhere, this replicability seems assured, but the weaknesses of the present Project
would have to be faced and removed, for replicability to be fully justified.
Sustainability of the project itself
Again, a great deal depends on the success of the development, testing and application of BRDs; based
on favourable results elsewhere, this sustainability may be positive but is not guaranteed by the Project
as it stands.
Secondary issues
Linkages to other focal areas
In at least three of the participating countries (Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela), shrimp-
fishing is carried out in areas of petroleum exploration and extraction (and sometimes natural leakage
from the continental slope), as well as discharge at sea. The same may be true of others (e.g Bahrain,
Iran, Indonesia). There are sometimes problems of tainting by petroleum components, so there is a
potentially strong link between shrimp (and other) fishing and concern for marine pollution. However,
the Project proposal does not attach any importance to such aspects of shrimp-trawler fisheries, in spite
of the role of these environmental aspects in the economics of the fisheries. The relevant research
programmes proposed might consider this relationship.
Linkages to other programmes and action plans at regional or subregional levels
These are reasonably well covered in the Project proposal, although, given the preceding comment, no
reference is made to any UNEP Regional Seas Action Plans which may be of some help or provide
useful information on the environmental aspects of shrimp-trawler fisheries.
Other beneficial or damaging environmental effects
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Perhaps the dumping of substantial amounts of by-catch into a fairly limited area (e.g. Gulf of
Venezuela), amounting to local "fertilization" of a shallow water body, would itself be a significant
environmental factor, but whether beneficial (e.g. increasing local productivity) or damaging (e.g.
induction of red tide) is not, I think, known.
Degree of involvement of stakeholders in the project
The stakeholders are nowhere clearly defined in the Project proposal and their involvement is nowhere
precisely stated; in the case of fishers, their participation as stakeholders is apparent; but that of
researchers, administrators, investors is vague or absent.
Capacity-building aspects
If the fishers participate willingly in the development and testing of BRDs and in the subsequent
experimental fishing, the possibility of increasing their technical capacity and experience will be
strong. But they will only do this if, at first, they can be convinced that real socio-economic advantages
will flow from this Project, and then convinced by the positive results with the BRDs. The convincing,
before the Project produces any results of its own, will come from the dissemination of information on
experience elsewhere with such devices: the Project allows for this, but timely execution is essential to
success. Much will then depend on the results from the Project itself.
If the participating countries can actually develop and undertake serious scientific and technical
research programmes, their researchers will also increase their know-how and experience. The
Project's responsibility here is limited, however.
Innovativeness of the project
The Project is straightforward and not particularly innovative. Section 4 of the Project Brief says that
already billions of dollars have been invested in development of the technology of by-catch reduction
and its testing, in the training of human resources, and in promotion of dialogue and consultations with
the fishing industry. Even if not much of it has been in the participating countries in the Project, the
experience gained, in so far as it is positive, must certainly be readily applicable in these participating
countries. The cost:benefit ratio of the Project is therefore open to question.
Additional remarks
In this Project and its follow-up, a lot depends on the availability of good-quality, truthful and
sufficient fishing data over the lifetime of the project and beyond, in all the participating countries. In
this respect, fishing fleets, vessel captains and others concerned vary considerably, from outright
failure to keep fishery statistics at all, to the maintenance of high-class statistics via well kept vessel
logbooks made available for inspection by fishery administrators. Much depends on, for example, the
confidentiality accorded such statistics, especially if national authorities use them for such purposes as
determining taxation, fishing quotas/total allowable catches, governmental subventions etc., and if
investors use them to make investment decisions. The situation in each participating country needs to
be assessed with a view to improvement where necessary: the possible advantages of introducing
BRDs could be "hidden" by false or biased statistics. Sad, but true.
The Project proposal suggests that the adoption of the new technology will enhance the participating
countries' shrimp-trawler fisheries so that they will be regarded as more sustainable in the future. The
underlined phrase is far too vague in this context and should be replaced with "..as being compatible
with the sustainable development of national fisheries." Or something similar; being sustainable is
often a matter of fashion, as well as cost, and here the reference must always be to the Commission on
Sustainable Development's definition, for which simply "sustainable" or "sustainability" is never an
acceptable substitute.
If the idea of the Project is to solve the by-catch problem by developing, testing and introducing BRDs,
it is not clear what alternative fishing methods are needed; in any case, they too would need to be
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developed, tested and introduced anew, which would be more costly and may not solve the underlying
problems. The introduction of closed seasons/areas may reduce by-catch, but may also reduce shrimp
catch. The basis for affirming that they would ensure the sustainable development of the shrimp or
other fisheries must always be established before such an option is tried.
Project implementation
The implementation of the Project is outlined in Annex B; some observations referring to this Annex
follow:
Who will verify the achievement of objectives? This is not a simple matter, and some indication of the
entities, their capabilities and their resources should be indicated. For the third column "Means of
Verification", in several places, who will do the considerable work is not specified, even generically;
see for example entries at 4th and 5th outcomes.
For the first outcome, "Objectively Verifiable Indicators", no idea is given of what the priority
assigned to "research institutions and administrations" is relative to; nor whether the participating
countries can or actually will provide the human and financial resources for this quite enormous task.
For the fourth outcome, "Objectively Verifiable Indicators", regarding hits on the FAO web site, this
will depend also on the links to other relevant sitese.g. FAO itself, UNEP, relevant regional fishery
bodies.
The third result (1st column) is too an ambitious an expected "result", considering that improving
research at the national level itself is not a specific objective of the Project.
In the "Objectively Verifiable Indicator" for the third result, on the agreements between governments
on fishery research, it is important to specify the institutions through which these agreements would be
implemented; inter-institutional co-operation in some (probably all) regions is often hard to arrange
and even harder to implement. Also, these agreements should be specifically related to "the problems
addressed by the Project" and I suggest adding the last phrase in quotation marks to the present text.
Likewise, for the fourth result, research programmes on environmental issues are notoriously
expensive, hard to develop and hard to carry out; the Project is not developing them nor paying for
them: they might not become a useful "Objectively Verifiable Indicator".
Regarding the "Critical Assumptions and Risks", for the first outcome, "temporary loss of income" is
nowhere defined and views on its "duration" may vary widely amongst stakeholders; also, greater
effort might be put into making catch, retention, selling of by-catch better, thus making its capture
more or less a parallel fishery.
Milestones may not be at all easy to fix; favourable results from experimental fishing may not be well
reflected in subsequent commercial fishing. If results of the experimental fishing are mixed,
commercial introduction may be greatly slowed. This would certainly compromise the Project
objective to reduce by-catch by 50%.
While there is a commitment in the Project proposal to disseminate good results (interim and final),
there is no such commitment regarding poor or mixed results, which might be a pity if the results
expectedby the shrimp-trawler fisheries (better and sustainable shrimp catches), the
environmentalists (reduced by-catch, increased finfish resources, no great environmental impact on the
sea bed or on the shrimp resources), potential investors etc. (everything, especially rentability of
investment)were proved wrong, economically and environmentally.
Regarding Economic and Environmental Benefits, Annex A, first paragraph, benefits are hard to
estimate before BRDs are tested, adopted and used for a considerable time, so this is a "risk-capital"
project. However, experience elsewhere is important and sufficiently general to allow the use of BRDs
to be recommended directly to the participating countries, perhaps saving unnecessary costsunless
the Project is actually a disguised subvention to some selected shrimp-trawler fisheries.
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The totals for the columns "Baseline" and "Alternate" in Table 1 do not, by my calculator, seem
correct.
Project future
For the "Critical Assumptions and Risks" (Annex B) I propose0 new text "That relevant laws and
regulations will be complied with by the fishing industry", although this is open to considerable doubt.
For the second result (also Annex B), it is not at all sure that fishery management will be improved;
fishery management is a complex and difficult task and goes well beyond the scope and objective of
this Project.
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Annex D
Available Reference Documents
The following Reference Documents are relevant to the project:
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND CONFERENCES
- UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982
- FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, 1995
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Chapter 17
of Agenda 21, 1992
- Convention on Biological Diversity: paragraph 4 of decision II/10 of the Contracting
Parties
- The 'Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity'
- Report of the FAO Technical Consultation on Reduction of Wastage in Fisheries (28
October-1 November 1996, Tokyo). 1997; FAO Fisheries Report 547
DOCUMENTS PRODUCED DURING THE PDF PHASE
- Report of the Workshop of National Co-ordinators of the UNEP/GEF/FAO Project
on reducing the impact of tropical shrimp-trawling fisheries on living resources
through the adoption of environmentally friendly techniques Rome, Italy, 17-19
March 1999; FAO Fisheries Report 605
- Thirteen national reports on the situation of the shrimp fisheries in thirteen selected
countries. 2000 (in press)
-Report of the four GEF/UNEP/FAO regional workshops on reducing the impact of
tropical shrimp trawling fisheries. 2000; FAO Fisheries Report 627
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ANNEX E
OVERVIEW OF THE SHRIMP-TRAWLING FISHERY IN THE PARTICIPATING
COUNTRIES
Bahrain:
335 operational shrimp trawlers of varying sizes, between 5 and 23 m in total length.
The shrimp catch was 2 571 tonnes in 1997, which is 25.6% of the total catch of the
country. During the period 1980-1997, the maximum shrimp landings were 3 565
tonnes in 1996, while the lowest catch of 752 tonnes was recorded during the Persian
Gulf War in 1992. Although it has been known that a significant amount of fish by-
catch is captured together with the shrimp, reliable data did not exist prior to an
ongoing two-year survey aimed at monitoring such by-catch. Results from this survey
have not yet been published. Bahrain has also conducted experiments with a by-catch
reduction device during the 19992000 season. Indicative figures are a reduction of
finfish by 50%, crabs by 10% and with no loss of shrimp catch.
Cameroon:
65 licensed shrimp trawlers mainly operated by "Time Charter" companies, a kind of
joint venture with foreign ownership. The official landings of shrimp are only around
500 tonnes/year, but this figure is believed to be an underestimate, as some of the
"Time Charter" companies are not declaring the real quantities caught. In addition to
industrial trawlers, approximately 200 fishing canoes are exploiting small estuary
shrimp (Nematopalaemon hastatus) with very-small-meshed conical nets (ngoto).
Two-boat trawling is increasing in shallow waters, targeting mainly fish. Shrimp
trawlers also catch large amounts of fish as by-catch. Some of the fish by-catch,
including a certain amount of juveniles is landed at the local market, but,
undoubtedly, a significant amount of low-valued fish and juveniles is also discarded
at sea. Capture of juvenile food fish is a threat to sustainable exploitation of demersal
fish resources, and trawling in shallow waters creates serious conflicts with artisanal
fishers.
Colombia:
Shrimp fisheries on both sides of the country on the Pacific and the Caribbean coasts. On
the Pacific coast there are 115 units, mainly small boats, 70% of them operating in
coastal areas (where artisanal fishers also exploit shrimp and fish resources with other
small-meshed fishing gear). In 1996, 4 139 tons of shrimp were caught on the Pacific
side. At the same time the Pacific fishery is developing quickly; it is estimated that the
shrimp resources are over-exploited. Recent progress in technology has lead to
diversification of the fishing effort towards deeper shrimp species. Regarding by-catch,
the estimate is 14 664 tons (of which, many juveniles). Normally this by-catch is kept for
the local market and in many fishing companies is sold as a bonus for crew members. On
the Caribbean coast the fleet consists of various sizes of vessels, but more than half are
larger trawlers. In the Caribbean, the shrimp catch in 1996 was 916 tons and it is
estimated that the shrimp resource is over-exploited. The fishery is decreasing seriously
in terms of catch. The by-catch on the Caribbean side is about 9 868 tons. It is indicated
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that 4 kg of by-catch is discarded for every kilogram of shrimp.
Costa Rica:
73 trawlers ("Florida type" with outriggers) that operate on the Pacific side of the
country. The annual shrimp catch amounts to approximately 2 000 tonnes. The
amount of by-catch is estimated at 3 000 t/year, of which around 2 400 t are
discarded. There are about 7.5 kg of by-catch for 1 kg of shrimp taken. When fishing
in coastal waters, the use of a turtle-excluder device (TED) is mandatory in waters
shallower than 80 fathoms. A vessel-monitoring system (VMS) exists. High discard
rates, particularly of juveniles, and overfishing of the resources in general, are
reported.
Cuba:
Fleet 51 fishing vessels involved in shrimp trawling, mainly at night and with 14
support vessels, which ensure a daily transfer of shrimp and incidental catch to port.
The annual catch of shrimp is 2000 tonnes in addition to 11 000 tonnes of fish in a
combined trawl fishery. The average trawl catch in recent years has been 6 to 8 kg of
fish for 1 kg of shrimp. There is no discard: approximately 22% of the non-shrimp
catch are landed for human consumption, the rest is reduced to fishmeal or silage for
animal consumption. The shrimp-fishing grounds are well demarcated and there are
fishing closures during recruitment seasons, and other regulations exist for reducing
fishing effort and for the protection of areas with a known high density of juveniles or
large quantities of small-size fish.
Indonesia:
Trawler fleet (1996) of 431 vessels from 19 to 849 GT. Three types of trawl riggings
are used: single trawl towed from the stern of the vessel; outrigger twin trawls (two
trawls); and outrigger quad trawls (four trawls). According to Presidential Decree
No085/1982 all units should be equipped with a by-catch efficiency device (BED),
which is a modified form of a turtle-excluder device (TED). The law of 1982 restricts
trawling for shrimp to the Arafura Sea (eastern Indonesia). The shrimp catch from that
area was approximately 20 000 tonnes, in 1996, which is 10% of the total catch in that
area. The remaining catch includes landed as well a discarded by-catches, mainly of
fish. Generally, the shrimp/by-catch ratio is 1 to 8-15. The yield from shrimp has
more or less levelled off over a long period of observation, but fluctuation is observed
from year to year. The catches of demersal and pelagic fish are increasing slightly.
The estimate for 1998 is around 200 000 tonnes of by-catch, of which 170 000 tonnes
were discarded. Nearly 2/3 of the total landings consist of fish.
Iran:
39 industrial trawlers of 27-m length and 750-hp engines fishing with outriggers (two
trawls), approximately 870 wooden vessels of 16-m average length and 100220-hp
engines (dhows) and approximately 1 500 fibreglass boats of 7 m mean length with
2545-hp engines. The catch of shrimp is approximately 7 000 tonnes. The shrimp
trawler catch consists of 1017% shrimp, 1025% small fish, 4060% juvenile fish
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(less than 30 cm in length) and 1020% larger fish. Most of the small fish and
juveniles are discarded, more so at the start of the season when shrimp catches are
good. In Hormozgan province discarding is banned and a collecting scheme for such
by-catch has been established. The shrimp-fishing season in each province is
approximately six weeks, and opening and closing is based on the maturity and body
length of shrimp and percentage (20%) of remaining stock.
Mexico
In 1994/95 the Mexican fishing fleet comprised around 1 200 active shrimpers on the
Pacific coast and around 600 active shrimpers in the Gulf of Mexico. By 1996 there
were 2 260 units registered (although only 1 847 were active), of which 1 475 on the
Pacific coast and 785 in the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean. These shrimp-fishing vessels
range 21-27 m length, the most common being 23 m, with a capacity of more than
20 tons and an autonomy of 14-30 days. These vessels are however relatively old,
with an average age of 17-19 years. In inshore waters smaller boats (5-15 m long) are
used on both coasts, built in fibrelgass or wood. In 1996 the total Mexican shrimp
production was around 79 000 t (72% from the Pacific, and 25% from the Gulf of
Mexico). This represented 5% of the total national fish production, and an estimated
value of US$ 300 000 million. In 1996 the industrial shrimp fishery produced around
39 000 t landed as follows: Sinaloa 25.5%; Sonora 23.6%; Tamaulipas 17.5%;
Campeche 13.4%. The average yearly production (of headless shrimp) per vessel
would be around 15.8 t on the Pacific coast, and 18.5 t in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1994
the use of TEDs was made mandatory in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, and in
1996 on the Pacific coast also.
Nigeria:
264 licensed trawlers (1999) catching approximately 10 000 tonnes of shrimp per
year. By-catch of fish is significant and a system of landing most of these catches has
developed rapidly in the country. The shrimp trawlers freeze the valuable catch on
board. The remaining fish by-catch is traded at sea through a system in which
motorized canoes buy the fish and transport it to shore where it is processed and
marketed. This latter practice now involves a significant number of people who make
a living from this activity (for some people, this kind of trade now replaces their
previous fishing activities); it is also a major source of income for the trawler crew,
who are poorly paid (less than US$ 20 per month). The negative side of this practice
is that shrimp trawlers now aim o catch as much fish as possible, often in shallow
waters where not only fish but also juveniles are most abundant. As trawling for fish
is often conducted in shallow waters where the artisanal fleet operates, conflicts,
including damage to gear, are an increasing problem. The control of fishing vessel
operations (MCS system) is poorly developed to combat this questionable fishing
practice.
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Philippines:
Fleet of 445 trawlers, 62% classified as small-commercial (i.e. 3.1 to 20 GT); 37%
medium commercial (20.1 to 150 GT) and 1% large-commercial (150.1 GT and
above). The annual catch of shrimp is approximately 32 000 tonnes. White shrimp
(Penaeus merguiensis), tiger shrimp (P. semisulcatus) and endeavour shrimp
(Metapenaeus ensis) are the most important species, together with the smaller Acetes
species which, in weight, constitutes 34% of the total catch. Although the trawl is the
most common fishing gear for shrimp, there is a tradition of catching shrimp with
gillnets. Discard rates are unknown, but likely to be relatively small, as there is a
market for most of the captured fish. It is anticipated that significant proportions of
fish by-catch consist of juveniles of valuable food-fish species. The Philippines has
developed a set of regulations, but enforcement of these is considered a problem.
Trinidad and Tobago:
Fleet of 126 vessels, of which 19 are industrial trawlers (in 1998) operating, according
to existing regulation, offshore in deeper waters while smaller boats fish nearer the
shore. The annual landings of shrimp (several species mixed) are around 1 000
tonnes. A significant quantity of finfish, squid and crabs are caught as by-catch
(certain species of finfish may be targeted, depending on market demand, or during
the wet season when shrimp abundance decreases). According to estimates, the small
trawlers discard almost all the by-catch, while larger industrial or semi-industrial
trawlers normally keep around 40 % of their by-catch on board. In order to conform
with US requirements for shrimp-exporting nations, the large trawlers carry turtle-
exclusion devices (TEDs) on board (The local fishery authorities give high priority to
the development and introduction of a combined turtle and fish excluder). Existing
regulations require a different size of mesh according to whether the trawler targets
shrimp or fish. A major concern is overfishing and capture of juvenile (pre-spawning)
shrimp. A conflict exists between trawling and other fishing methods (gillnets, pots,
demersal long-lining, and handlines), because artisanal fishers blame the trawlers for
the depletion of the demersal fish stocks.
Venezuela:
Fleet of 351 trawlers. In 1997, the landings of the shrimp trawlers amounted to 3 665
tonnes of shrimp and almost 20 000 tonnes of fish. The trawl fishery is a combined
fishery for shrimp, molluscs and fish. The shrimp component represents between 2.5
and 6% of the general catch. Of the additional catch, 3035% is normally landed, the
remaining 6065% (mainly fish, with an estimated 80% of juveniles from species of
commercial interest) is discarded. In principle, turtle-excluder devices are used on
board industrial trawlers (however, significant losses of fish and shrimp are reported).
For administrative purposes, the fishing grounds are demarcated into zones with a
portion of the fleets authorzsed to fish in each of them. Technological research has
been carried out for a number of years to reduce the discards and assess the impact of
the use of excluder devices fixed on the net. In addition, regular surveys are carried
out to estimate the amount of by-catch produced by the vessels, its composition, size
structure, and geographical distribution. Concern is expressed about overexploitation
of shrimp resources, particularly in coastal areas, and the capture of juvenile fish.
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Annex F1
Project Budget for Cameroon
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2 US$ Year US$ Year US$ Year
US$Total
code
Line
3
4
5
Oracle
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 15,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel Int
5900
1600
2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 12,500.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
8,000.00 2,000.00
0
0
0 10,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
3,000.00 2,000.00
0
0
0 5,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 7,500.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
18,000.00 11,000.00 7,000.00 7,000.00 7,000.00 50,000.00
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45
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Annex F2
PROJECT BUDGET FOR COLOMBIA
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year
US$ Total
code
Line
5
Oracle
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
23,000.00 18,500.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 5,000.00 76,500.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0 6,000.00
0 6,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 7,500.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
1,000.00 500.00 500.00 500.00
0 2,500.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 7,500.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
27,000.00 22,000.00 18,500.00 24,500.00 8,000.00 100,000.00
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46
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Annex F3
Project Budget for Costa Rica
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
code
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Oracle
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 40,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
50,000.00 40,000.00 30,000.00 20,000.00 15,000.00 155,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
15,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 43,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
25,500.00 5,000.00
0
0
0 30,500.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
10,000.00 1,000.00
0
0
0 11,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
7,500.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 3,000.00 2,000.00 20,500.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
118,000.00 70,000.00 54,000.00 32,000.00 26,000.00 300,000.00
Page
47
3/31/2004
Annex F4
Project Budget for Cuba
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle Budget US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year US$ Year
US$ Total
Line
4
5
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00
0
0 6,000.00
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
8,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00
0
0 23,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel Int
5900
1600
2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 10,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
5,000.00 35,000.00
0
0
0 40,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
14,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00
0
0 16,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
28,000.00
0
0
0
0 28,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
6,000.00 15,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 27,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page
48
3/31/2004
Total Budget
65,000.00 65,000.00 12,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 150,000.00
Annex F5
Project Budget for Indonesia
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
code
Budget
US$ Year 1
US$ Year 2
US$Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Oracle
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
4,000.00
0 5,000.00
0
0 9,000.00
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 25,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
25,000.00 115,000.00 69,000.00 45,000.00 15,000.00 269,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
7,000.00 16,000.00 7,500.00 1,000.00 3,500.00 35,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
7,500.00 27,000.00 16,500.00 5,000.00
0 56,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
0 3,000.00 3,000.00
0
0 6,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
48,500.00 166,000.00 106,000.00 56,000.00 23,500.00 400,000.00
Page
49
3/31/2004
Annex F6
Project Budget for Iran
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
code
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2
US$ Year 3
US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Oracle
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
5,000.00 5,000.00
0 5,000.00
0 15,000.00
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
10,500.00 9,000.00 14,000.00 39,000.00 40,000.00 112,500.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel Int
5900
1600
7,500.00 5,500.00 3,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 29,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
5,000.00 8,500.00 18,000.00 28,000.00 20,000.00 79,500.00
Training
5920
3000
0 7,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00
0 13,000.00
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
2,000.00
0 100,000.00 100,000.00
0 202,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
0 1,000.00 2,000.00 23,000.00 23,000.00 49,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
30,000.00 36,000.00 140,000.00 204,000.00 90,000.00 500,000.00
Page
50
3/31/2004
Annex F7
Project Budget for Mexico
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
Budget
US$ Year 1
US$ Year 2
US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
code
Line
Oracle
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
40,000.00 43,000.00 16,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 109,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
15,000.00 15,000.00
0
0
0 30,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
11,000.00 11,000.00 11,000.00 11,000.00 12,000.00 56,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
6,000.00 6,000.00 3,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00 19,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
96,000.00 14,000.00 58,000.00
0
0 168,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
90,000.00
0
0
0
0 90,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
78,000.00 78,000.00 72,000.00
0
0 228,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
336,000.00 167,000.00 160,000.00 17,000.00 20,000.00 700,000.00
Page
51
3/31/2004
Annex F8
Project Budget for Nigeria
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description Accnt
code
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2
US$ Year 3
US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Oracle
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
5,000.00 5,000.00
0 5,000.00
0 15,000.00
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
10,000.00 10,000.00 14,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 114,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel Int
5900
1600
6,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 5,000.00 27,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
5,000.00 8,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 58,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0 7,000.00 2,000.00 4,000.00
0 13,000.00
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
3,000.00
0 100,000.00 100,000.00
0 203,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
8,000.00 5,000.00
0
0
13,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
23,000.00 10,000.00 4,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 57,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
60,000.00 50,000.00 140,000.00 180,000.00 70,000.00 500,000.00
Page
52
3/31/2004
Annex F9
Project Budget for Philippines
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp
Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle Budget US$ Year 1
US$ Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year
US$ Total
Line
5
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
0 24,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
48,000.00 48,000.00
0
0
0 96,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
12,000.00 10,000.00 12,000.00 10,000.00
0 44,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00
0 200,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
0 8,000.00 6,000.00
0
0 14,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
14,000.00
0
0
0
0 14,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
4,000.00
0
0 4,000.00
0 8,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
134,000.00 122,000.00 74,000.00 70,000.00
0 400,000.00
Page
53
3/31/2004
Annex F10
Project Budget for SEAFDEC
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle Budget US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2 US$ Year US$ Year US$ Year
US$ Total
Line
3
4
5
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Contracts
5650
2000
3,500.00 60,500.00
0
0
0 64,000.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
0 8,500.00
0
0
0 8,500.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
0
0
0
0
0
0
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
8,000.00 8,500.00
0
0
0 16,500.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
1,000.00 10,000.00
0
0
0 11,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page
54
3/31/2004
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
12,500.00 87,500.00
0
0
0 100,000.00
Annex F11
Project Budget for Venezuela
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp
Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle Budget US$ Year 1
US$ Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year
US$ Total
Line
5
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
6,500.00 6,500.00 6,500.00
0
0 19,500.00
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
18,500.00 35,000.00 36,500.00 25,000.00
115,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
1,500.00
0
0
0
0 1,500.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
8,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 24,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
35,500.00 30,000.00 15,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 90,500.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
28,000.00 27,000.00 25,000.00
80,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
56,000.00
0
0
0
0
56000
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
3,000.00 3,500.00 3,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 13,500.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page
55
3/31/2004
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
157,000.00 108,000.00 92,000.00 34,000.00 9,000.00 400,000.00
Annex F12
Project Budget for Trinidad & Tobago
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp
Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle
Budget
US$ Year 1 US$ Year 2 US$ Year 3 US$ Year 4 US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
0
0
0
0
0
0
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
3,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00
0
0 13,000.00
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
10,000.00 5,000.00 3,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 22,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel Int
5900
1600
3,000.00 13,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 4,000.00 40,000.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
0
0
0 3,000.00 3,000.00 6,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0
0
0
0
0
0
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
1,000.00
0
0
0
0 1,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
2,000.00
0
0
0
0 2,000.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
4,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 16,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page
56
3/31/2004
Support Costs
6150
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
23,000.00 26,000.00 21,000.00 18,000.00 12,000.00 100,000.00
Annex F13
Project Budget for ALL Countries
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:
Budget Holder:
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Revision No.:
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Organization: FAO
Oracle Code:
Budget component
Description
Accnt code Oracle Budget
US$ Year 1
US$ Year 2
US$ Year 3
US$ Year 4
US$ Year 5
US$ Total
Line
(UNEP)
-Staff Costs
Salaries
Professionals
5300
1100
0
0
0
0
0
0
General Service
5500
1300
8,500.00 8,500.00 8,500.00
0
0 25,500.00
Overtime
5660
0
0
0
0
0
0
Consultants Int
5570
1200
17,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
0 52,000.00
Consultants Nat
5570
1200
144,000.00 154,500.00 127,500.00 145,000.00 105,000.00 676,000.00
Contracts
5650
2000
143,000.00 278,500.00 99,000.00 71,000.00 30,000.00 621,500.00
Travel Int
5900
1600
75,500.00 91,000.00 70,500.00 56,000.00 43,500.00 336,500.00
Travel Nat
5900
1600
114,000.00 164,500.00 117,500.00 107,000.00 46,000.00 549,000.00
Training
5920
3000
0 14,000.00 5,000.00 7,000.00
0 26,000.00
Equipment
Expendable
6000
4100
185,500.00 65,500.00 290,000.00 200,000.00
0 741,000.00
Non-Expendable
6100
4200
212,000.00 8,500.00 500.00 500.00
0 221,500.00
Hospitality
6110
5400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gen. Operating Exps
6300
5000
129,500.00 130,500.00 96,000.00 50,000.00 45,000.00 451,000.00
Gen. Overhead Exps
6400
0
0
0
0
0
0
Chargebacks
6500
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page
57
3/31/2004
Support Costs
6130
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total Budget
1,029,000.00 930,500.00 824,500.00 646,500.00 269,500.00 3,700,000.00
Annex G
PROJECT BUDGET INPUTS FROM GEF (CASH) TO FAO
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
Date:16.10.2001
Donor: GEF
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Implementing Organization:
Executing Organization: FAO
UNEP
Oracle Code:
Budget component
FINANCING, GEF INPUTS IN CASH TO FAO
Description
ORACLE Code UNEP Code
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Total
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
US$
Project Coordinator (P5)
na
na
na
na
Na
na
Project Operations Officer (P4) w/m
3.60
3.60 3.60
3.60 3.60
18.00
Fishing Technologist (P3/4) w/m
na
na
na
na
na
na
Other FI experts (P4/5) w/m
na
na
na
na
na
na
GS, Secretary, clark....
na
na
na
na
na
na
Consultants.... w/m
3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 15.00
Project Coordinator (P5)
5300 1101
0
0
0
0
0
0
Project Operations Officer
5300
1102
36,000.00 36,000.00 36,000.00 36,000.00 36,000.00 180,000.00
Fishing Technologist (P3/4)
5300 1103
-
- -
-
-
-
Other FI Experts (P4/5)
5300 1104
-
- -
-
-
-
GS, Secretary, Clark...
5500 1300
-
- -
-
-
-
Consultants
5570 1200
21,000.00 21,000.00 21,000.00 21,000.00 21,000.00 105,000.00
Contracts
5650 2000
-
- -
-
-
-
Overtime
5660
1320
-
- -
-
-
-
Travel HQ staff
5900 1601
8,455.00
8,000.00 8,000.00
8,000.00
8,000.00 40,455.00
Travel Consultants
5900 1602
10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 50,000.00
Travel Evaluation Missions
5900 5500
- 20,000.00
pm
20,000.00
pm
40,000.00
Equipment expandable
6000
4100
-
- -
-
-
-
Equipment non- expandable
6100
4200
-
- -
-
-
-
Hospitality
6110
5400
-
- -
-
-
-
General Operating Expenditures (misc)
6300 5000
10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 50,000.00
Gen Overhead Exp. (in support cost)
6400
-
- -
-
-
-
Subtotal
85,455.00 105,000.00 85,000.00 105,000.00 85,000.00 465,455.00
Support cost
6130
0
56,909.00 56,909.00 56,909.00 56,909.00 56,909.00 284,545.00
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58
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Total
142,364.00 161,909.00 141,909.00 161,909.00 141,909.00 750,000.00
Annex H
FAO CO-FINANCING (in kind)
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
(US$)
Date: 16.10.2001
Donor: GEF
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Agency: FAO
Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
Component
1
2
3
4
5
US$ Total
A. Global information
10,000.00
A.1 Publications of shrimp fishing
20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
100,000.00
methods
A.2 Inventory of BRDs
40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00
200,000.00
A.3 Annual reporting
30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00
150,000.00
A.4 Inventory of legal and policy issues
30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 30,000.00
150,000.00
A.5 Guidelines and information materials 40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00
200,000.00
A.6 Directories of experts and institutions 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
50,000.00
Project Coordination & Management
20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
100,000.00
Total 190,000.00 190,000.00 190,000.00 190,000.00 190,000.00
950,000.00
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Annex J
SUMMARY BUDGET FOR GEF CONTRIBUTION
Project No./Symbol: EP/GLO/201/GEF
(US$)
Dat 16.10.2001
e:
Donor: GEF
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling...
Implementing Organization: UNEP
Executing Agency: FAO
Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
Component
1
2
3
4
5
US$ Total
Countries
Cameroon
18,000.00 11,000.00
7,000.00
7,000.00
7,000.00
50,000.00
Colombia
27,000.00
22,000.00
18,500.00 24,500.00
8,000.00
100,000.00
Costa Rica
118,000.00 70,000.00
54,000.00 32,000.00
26,000.00
300,000.00
Cuba
65,000.00
65,000.00
12,000.00 4,000.00
4,000.00
150,000.00
Indonesia
48,500.00 166,000.00 106,000.00 56,000.00
23,500.00
400,000.00
Iran
30,000.00 36,000.00 140,000.00 204,000.00 90,000.00
500,000.00
Mexico
336,000.00 167,000.00 160,000.00 17,000.00
20,000.00
700,000.00
Nigeria
60,000.00 50,000.00 140,000.00 180,000.00 70,000.00
500,000.00
Philippines
134,000.00 122,000.00 74,000.00 70,000.00
0
400,000.00
SEAFDEC
12,500.00 87,500.00
0
0
0
100,000.00
Venezuela
157,000.00 108,000.00 92,000.00 34,000.00
9,000.00
400,000.00
Trinidad & Tobago
23,000.00 26,000.00 21,000.00 18,000.00
12,000.00
100,000.00
SEAFDEC
12,500.00 87,500.00
- -
-
100,000.00
Total countries
1,029,000.00
930,500.00 824,500.00 646,500.00 269,500.00
3,700,000.00
Project Coordination & Management
142,364.00 161,909.00 141,909.00 161,909.00
141,909.00
750,000.00
(FAO)
Total 1,171,364.00 1,092,409.00 966,409.00 808,409.00
411,409.00
4,450,000.00
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Annex K
Budget in UNEP Format
Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp
Trawling
Total
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 6
Budget
US$
US$
US $
US $
US $
US $
ORACLE
10 PROJECT PERSONNEL COMPONENT
CODES
1100 Project Personnel
5300
1102 Project Operations Officer
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
180,000
1199 Total
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
36,000
180,000
1200 Consultants (Short term)
5570 1201
Consultants
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
105,000
1299 Total
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
21,000
105,000
1300 Administrative Support
1301 Administrative Cost
56,909
56,909
56,909
56,909
56,909
284,545
1399 Total
56,909
56,909
56,909
56,909
56,909
284,545
1600 Official
Travel
5900
1601 Travel HQ staff
8,455
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
40,455
5900
1602 Travel consultants
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
50,000
1699 Total
18,455
18,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
9,455
1999 Component Total
132,364
131,909
131,909
131,909
131,909
660,000
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20 SUB CONTRACT COMPONENT
5650
2200 Sub-contracts (supporting org.)
2201 Cameroon
18,000
11,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
50,000
2202 Colombia
27,000
22,000
18,500
24,500
8,000
100,000
2203 Costa Rica
118,000
70,000
54,000
32,000
26,000
300,000
2204
Cuba
65,000
65,000
12,000
4,000
4,000
150,000
2205
Indonesia
48,500
166,000
106,000
56,000
23,500
400,000
2206
Iran
30,000
36,000
140,000
204,000
90,000
500,000
2207
Mexico
336,000
167,000
160,000
17,000
20,000
700,000
2208
Nigeria
60,000
50,000
140,000
180,000
70,000
500,000
2209
Philippines
134,000
122,000
74,000
70,000
0
400,000
2210
SEAFDEC
12,500
87,500
0
0
0
100,000
2211
Venezuela
157,000
108,000
92,000
34,000
9,000
400,000
2212 Trinidad & Tobago
23,000
26,000
21,000
18,000
12,000
100,000
2299 Total
1,029,000
930,500
824,500
646,500
269,500 3,700,000
2999 Component Total
1,029,000
930,500
824,500
646,500
269,500 3,700,000
50 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENT
5100 Operation and maintenance of equipment
6300
5101 General operating expenditures 10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
50,000
5199 Total
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
50,000
5900
5501 Travel Evaluation Missions
20,000
20,000
40,000
6130 5499 Total
0
20,000
0
20,000
0
40,000
5999 Component Total
10,000
30,000
10,000
30,000
10,000
90,000
99 GRAND TOTAL
1,171,364 1,092,409
966,409
808,409
411,409 4,450,000
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