LAND-OCEAN INTERACTIONS IN THE COASTAL ZONE
December `98
No. 9
LOICZ NEWSLETTER
The river basin
to those forces and interactions
that are likely to change the coastal
dimension of
system. These forces and interac-
tions often result from the sectoral
coastal zone
pursuit of stakeholder interests
through the exploitation of one or a
research
limited number of environmental
functions. The state of the coastal
system represents the condition of
by Wim Salomons and Kerry
significant components of the sys-
Turner
tem that may be affected by these
pressures. Changes to this state
It is nothing new for the LOICZ
may lead to impacts which could be
community to know that the
felt by both environmental and eco-
coastal zone is subject to material
nomic processes within the coastal
fluxes from the continent.
zone. The combined information
Contributing to these fluxes are
on pressure, state and impact can
those from direct discharges like
form the basis for potential trade-
sewage inputs and, still rather
offs between conflicting interests.
unknown, from groundwater
Hence,
discharges.
response describes the pol-
Unfortunately, in most cases the
icy and management actions that
fluxes are determined by
This is the nineth newsletter of
can be undertaken to mitigate the
averaging (or with some other
the Land Ocean Interactions in
undesirable impacts of the im-
statistical methods) the data from
the Coastal Zone (LOICZ)
posed pressures on the state of the
the last estuarine or riverine
International Project of the
system. It involves the identifica-
monitoring station. This is valid
IGBP. It is produced quarterly
tion and evaluation of alternative
for estimating inputs into the
to provide news and
management strategies and their
coastal zone, however it omits the
information regarding LOICZ
enabling policy instruments em-
dynamics of the river catchment
and of the coastal region.
Dynamics means both the natural
changes caused by climate
change, vegetation cover etc. as
Environmental
well as the direct human induced
PRESSURES
impacts like changes in
e.g. population
agriculture, urbanisation, tourism
growth,
urbanisation , agricultural
intensification,
and transport.
other
land use changes
These changes have to be
incorporated into a dynamic
Environmental
integrated model in order to
Policy RESPONSE
STATE Changes
predict the impact of global
Options
e.g. changes in C, N & P
changes on the coastal area. To
Integrated Coastal
fluxes and other
Zone Management
processes, loss of habitat
properly develop these dynamic
models to predict future change in
fluxes or with hindcasting to
explain the past changes,
IMPACTS
requires a strong understanding
changes in ecosystem
of the interactions with the human
process & function with
dimension-part of LOICZ: Focus
subsequent changes to
human welfare
4. An appropriate conceptual tool
for such an integration exercise is
the Pressure-State-Impact-
Response framework (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The PSIR Framework
In this framework, pressure refers

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page 2
LOICZ NEWSLETTER
ployed to facilitate trade-offs in
many decades. In contrast, nitro-
sediment transport and changing
the light of relevant policy goals.
gen moves with water through
land use again will have a large
Turner et al. further elaborate this
surface runoff and quickly enters
effects on hydrology. The combi-
PSIR framework in the upcoming
streams. In temperate regions,
nation of the information in Boxes
LOICZ reporti.
the main input into agricultural
A and B will result in possible
The PSIR framework is translated
areas occurs in the winter/spring.
scenario's for the future. Impor-
in Figure 2 into a detailed flow
Part of the nitrogen enters ground
tant is the assessment of the sce-
scheme applied to nutrients
water and, in some agricultural
nario's sensitivity for response
fluxes from the catchment soils
areas, problems exist with regard
and change, hence a third box C
down to the ocean. In bold are
to its quality. Another part of the
is introduced which deals with de-
shown the LOICZ relevant
nitrogen is released to the atmo-
termining key areas and critical
`impacted' areas: the estuary and
sphere via denitrification, and is
loads for those areas. Here we
the coast. These two areas are
returned by wet/dry deposition. In
have also a strong link with the
intertwined in a complex system,
certain coastal areas such as the
budget modelling exercise. Glob-
which includes the catchment, the
North Sea system, the atmo-
ally, it is expected that we will
atmosphere, wetlands and
sphere is a major source of nitro-
observe large regional differences
groundwater (Box A); all are ma-
gen. In river systems, temporary
in critical loads.
jor sources for nutrients, main
storage of particle-bound nutri-
reservoirs and the linkages be-
ents takes place in riverbed sedi-
We are not able yet to apply a
tween socio-economic activities
ments, flood plains and wetlands
scheme like the one shown in
and the biogeochemical cycle of
in general, along estuaries and
Figure 2 at the global level. In the
nutrients. The main anthro-
coasts. Riparian areas play an
coming period we have to identify
pogenic inputs are from agricul-
additional important role in the
and use regional studies which
ture, industrial activity, and
removal of nitrogen at the catch-
can contribute in identifying the
sewage treatment plants. Large
ment level.
major biogeochemical processes
differences in residence time ex-
The system in Box A generally
and the external forcing functions.
ist between nitrogen and phos-
represent the natural dynamic
However, there are a number of
phorus, the latter being primarily
system but is static with regard to
initiatives already underway which
transported by particulates and
external forcing. Box B introduces
are, relevant to this approach.
thus prone to permanent or ex-
the two major external forcing
One is the LOICZ Report by
tended temporary retention.
functions. One is the change in
Turner et al. Within IGBP the
Phosphorus entering the soil
climate. This will affect land
recently established Water Group
through agricultural fertilisation is
cover, discharge, frequency of ex-
(see their report "Continental
only partly taken up by crops, the
treme events,etc. The second is
Aquatic Systems")ii provides an
main part becoming adsorbed to
the human dimension. Socio-
overview of available data sets
soil particles. Residence times in
economic developments at the
and concepts for covering the or-
the soil, based on natural removal
catchment level affect the use of
ganised our first regional work-
processes, are on the order of
land, building of dams affects
S o c i o - e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t s
D e c a d e l c l i m a t e v a r i a b i l i t y
A t m o s p h e r e
W e t l a n d s
C a t c h m e n t
R i v e r +
I m p o u n d m e n t s
E s t u a r y
C o a s t
O c
S o i l
e a n
A g r i c u l t u r e
P o p u l a t i o n , I n d u s t r y , S e w a g e s y s t e m s
G r o u n d w a t e r
A
B
C r i t i c a l l o a d s , s e n s i t i v e r e g i o n s
C
Figure 2. Conceptual framework for nutrient fluxes to the coastal zone

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page 3
LOICZ NEWSLETTER
`complete' flux, starting from the by Mr Romulo Garcia, the UNDP development of regional projects,
soils. Last, LOICZ organised our Resident Representative in Fiji.
including:
first regional workshop along these
A) from discussion of material
lines in Amsterdam in November. Two plenary sessions set the
fluxes in and from the river
This workshop brought together 20 global, regional and local contexts
catchment areas to the coastal
researchers from Europe who are for each of the two workshop
zone, a preliminary proposal:
actively involved in this type of themes. In the Climate Change
"Changes of fluxes in river
integrative research. Out of this session, plenary addresses were
basins of Europe; its natural
workshop a working plan devel- given by John Hay (University of
and anthropogenic causes and
oped encompassing 10 river basins Auckland, NZ), Mike Hamnett
its socio-economic conse-
in Europe. Similar workshops will (University of Hawaii) and Epeli
quence", and
be held in the future for other global Nasome (Director of Environment, B) from discussion of the science
regions, to extend the working Fiji). In the Coastal Zone Manage-
management-policy interface,
base. Should you have research ment session, plenary addresses
a preliminary proposal built
addressing these areas, please were given by Roger McLean
around sustainable coastal
contact either Wim Salomons or (ADFA, Australia), Chalapin
tourism pressures on basins
Kerry Turner.
Kaluwin (SPREP, Samoa) and
and estuaries.
---------------------
Patrick Nunn (USP).
A steering committee is completing
i R.K. Turner, W.N. Adger and I. Lorenzone
the proposals for submission for
(1998): Towards integrated modelling and The workshops and the START- EU funding. The Workshop report
analysis in coastal zones: Principles and
Practice. LOICZ Report. In Press.
Oceania meeting went extremely will be available from LOICZ IPO in
ii D. Sahagian and Lei Chou (1998): Continen- well and Roland Fuchs (Director, January 1999.
tal aquatic systems. IGBP report.
START) was impressed with the
amount of work and co-operation
produced from the participants.
START-Oceania
ELOISE and LOICZ
Four major projects were devel-
Inaugural Meeting
oped during the four day workshop,
strengthen links
by Nick Harvey
including 'Island-Ocean Interac-
by Hartwig Kremer
tions in the Pacific' which has
strong linkages to the LOICZ Focus The 2nd Annual Scientific ELOISE
The START-Oceania Committee Four theme. These projects are Conference held in Huelva, Spain,
held its inaugural meeting at the currently being refined and will be September 30 - October 3, 1998
University of South Pacific (USP) submitted to overseas funding involved some 300 researchers
in Fiji from 5-9 October, 1998. The agencies.
and gave a comprehensive
Committee comprises Kanayathu
overview and status of about 30
Koshy of USP (Chair), Mike Ham-
European river basins European land-ocean interaction
nett (University of Hawaii), Chris-
research projects dealing with:
tian Colin (ORSTOM, New Caledo-
addressed
· Global Changes and Biogeo-
nia), Nick Harvey (University of
by Maarten Scheffers
chemical Cycles and Fluxes;
Adelaide, Australia), Graeme Sem
· Ecosystem Structure and
(SPREP, Samoa) and John Camp- The LOICZ-IVM workshop on Euro-
Functioning and Human Im-
bell (University of Waikato, New pean river catchments and the
pacts and
Zealand). The START-Oceania coastal region was hosted by the · Coastal Zone management
Secretariat is based at USP with Institute for Environmental Studies
and integration of natural and
Koshy as the Director. Administra- (IVM) of the Free University in Am-
socio-economic science
tive staff will be appointed in 1999. sterdam, 11-12 November 1998.
The workshop is one in a series Besides horizontal fluxes of nutri-
The START-Oceania meeting was being organised by LOICZ in con- ents, sediments and harmful sub-
held in conjunction with two work- tribution to the IGBP Water Group, stances, major focus was on the
shops, Coastal Zone Management a cross-project activity between forcing of flux changes and their
and Climate Change and was IGBP projects.
consequences, and good descrip-
sponsored by the Asia Pacific Net-
tive modelling tools. The have
work, and START. The workshops About 20 researchers from Euro- reached an elaborated state at
attracted about 50 scientists from pean institutes discussed regional some demonstration sites but, the
the Oceania region.
case studies and developed oppor- predictive capacity still needs sig-
tunities for collaborative relating to nificant effort. A gap was the inte-
The USP Vice-Chancellor, Mr Es- LOICZ Foci 1 and 4. The case gration of socio-economic science.
ekia Solofa, welcomed the interna- studies of European research dealt
tional participants and challenged with the interactions between river This was further emphasised when
START-Oceania to develop exper- basins and coastal regions, demon- representatives of the EU stressed
tise and training relevant to the strating a wealth of research across that project evaluation in the new
region rather than provide scientific an array of catchments but a need Fifth Framework for Research and
advice based on westernised per- for improved integration across the Development (FP 5, 1999 on-
spectives linked to foreign aid pro- work.
wards) will include the issue of
grammes. The Secretariat and
exploitation of scientific products.
Workshops were officially opened Two working groups initiated the A clear identification of clients, the

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page 4
LOICZ NEWSLETTER
relevance of science deliveries and
ELOISE Conference, De-
how to manage the transfer to
LOICZ PUBLICATIONS
cember 1999, Noordwijker-
multi-user groups will be needed.
hout, The Netherlands.
SCOR Working Group 104
Reference was made to the LOICZ (American Zoology limited
IGBP Open Science Millen-
experiences in the field of integra- copies available from the LOICZ
nium Conference,
tion of scientific disciplines and de- IPO).
April or May 2001,
termining the human dimensions of Copies will be available in
(proposed) Washington,
biogeochemical flux changes, dur- January 99.
USA.
ing discussion, and a stronger col-
laboration between ELOISE and Towards Integrated Modelling
LOICZ was recommended. The and Analysis in Coastal Zones:
Typology & Biogeochemical
ELOISE program agreed to:
Principles and Practices, LOICZ
Budgets
Reports & Studies No. 11.
A) strengthen collaboration with
Major workshops on global
LOICZ and to place stronger em- Australasian Estuarine Systems:
coastal typology and biogeo-
phasis on the field of science inte- Carbon, Nitrogen and Phospho-
chemical budgets for the Aus-
gration and human dimensions. rus Fluxes, LOICZ Reports &
tralian region were held in Octo-
The new LOICZ guidelines Studies No. 12. Will be published
ber 1999. These have added sig-
"Towards Integrated Modelling and in January 99.
nificant thrust and information to
Analysis in Coastal Zones: Princi-
LOICZ foci 2 and 3 objectives.
ples and Practice" were regarded
Details will be reported in the next
as a welcome scientific input.
LOICZ Newsletter and specific
LOICZ CALENDAR
B) a joint ELOISE/LOICZ workshop
outcomes are to be found in the
on "Socio-Economic Aspects of
LOICZ web site.
Fluxes of Chemicals in the Envi- Mexican & Central American
ronment" will be run in early 1999
Coastal Lagoons Biogeo-
(probably 8-10 March) hosted by
chemical Budgets Workshop,
the Norwegian Institute for Air Re-
12-16 January 1999, Merida,
search, NILU, in Kjeller. Major
Mexico.
IPO STAFF
themes will be: i) the ELOISE and
LOICZ research results on coastal Follow up meeting on River
zone pressures and their environ-
Catchment and the Coastal
mental and socio-economic conse-
Region, 15 January 99, Ams-
CHRIS CROSSLAND
quences into the policy-making
terdam, The Netherlands.
Executive Officer
mechanisms, and, ii) research
HARTWIG KREMER
needed to address this information SC-IGBP Meeting, 23-26
Deputy Executive Officer
transfer. The workshop will bring
February 1999, Estoril, Por-
CYNTHIA PATTIRUHU,
together various science disci-
tugal.
Office Administrator
plines and science users.
MILDRED JOURDAN,
C) the ELOISE Annual Conference ELOISE/LOICZ workshop on
Secretary
at Noordwijkerhout, The Nether-
"Socio-Economic Aspects of
lands in early December 1999,
Fluxes of Chemicals in the
planning to have joint LOICZ con-
MAARTEN SCHEFFERS
Environment". 8-10 March
tribution, such as;
Liaison Officer
(tentative) 99, Kjeller, Nor-
· Socio-economic impacts on
way
fluxes of pollutants,
· Budgetting of nutrients in coastal LUCC Data Expert Meeting
systems,
on Coastal Zones of South-
FOR MORE INFORMATION,
· Continental aquatic systems.
ern India (LUCC-DIS, in col-
PLEASE CONTACT:
These issues will provide logical
laboration with LOICZ), 7-9
links between the programs.
April 1999, Goa, India.
LOICZ INTERNATIONAL PROJECT
OFFICE
LOICZ SSC Membership
2nd IGBP Congress and
NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA
SSC9 Meeting, 7-13 May
Three new members (Liana Talue-
R
1999, Yokohama, Japan.
ESEARCH
MacManus, Jozef Pacyna, James
PO BOX 59
Syvitski) will join the LOICZ SSC
1790 AB DEN BURG - TEXEL
from 1 January 1999. In welcoming LOICZ 4th Open Science
Meeting, 15-18 November
THE NETHERLANDS
these members, we gratefully ac-
1999, Bahía Blanca,
knowledge the cimmitted and gen-
Argentina.
P
erous contribution made by the re-
HONE: 31-222 369404
tiring members Ed Gomes, Patrick
FAX:
31-222 369430
Holligan and Tetsuo Yanagi.
South American Estuaries
E-MAIL: LOICZ@NIOZ.NL
Modelling Workshop,
November 1999, Bahía
WWW HOME PAGE: HTTP://
Blanca, Argentina.

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First Announcement
Please copy and share with your colleagues
Or post on a Notice Board
December 1998
FOURTH LOICZ OPEN SCIENCE MEETING
To be held at
Bahia Blanca
Argentina
15 ­ 18 November 1999
The Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) is a Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme: A study of Global Change (IGBP). LOICZ addresses the scientific issues and uncertainties associated
with changes in the world's coastal zone, and is involved in and promoting coastal research under a number of re-
search themes in various geographical regions around the world.
The Fourth Open Science Meeting is intended to provide a forum for review of on-going and planned LOICZ science,
to identify methods for integrating the science into models for global analysis, and to secure additional commitment of
scientists to participate in the research that is planned for this second five-year phase of the project. The Meeting also
aims to encourage a dialogue and to initiate collaboration amongst individuals from the global community of coastal
zone scientist interested in global change.
General Program Outline
The Meeting will consist of a number of plenary sessions and topical sessions, workshops and evening working
groups. Plenary sessions will consist of invited keynote papers complemented by contributed posters that address is-
sues central to LOICZ research:
· Horizontal fluxes of water and materials through river basins into the coastal seas,
· Groundwater flux and significance to coastal seas,
· Biogeochemical budgets, for example, in coastal habitats estuaries, deltas coastal seas,
· Coastal typology methods and developments,
· Scaling issues ­ space (local studies to global) and time,
· Influence of the human dimension on coastal changes, and
· Integration of socio-economic and natural sciences.
A forum for in-depth review and discussion of these and related initiatives will be provided by workshops and small
evening group session. Some specialist and regional workshops will be held immediately pre-Meeting. Individual
researchers will be strongly encouraged to contribute posters that summarise concepts, results and models that are
relevent to LOICZ objectives and goals. Further information can be found on the LOICZ web site (www.nioz.nl/
loicz/).
Organisation and Participation
The Meeting is organised by the LOICZ Scientific Steering Committee, the LOICZ International Project Office and a
local committee from the Instituto Argentino de Oceanografia in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. The Meeting is open to
scientists world-wide, in keeping with the IGBP philosophy. Some financial assistance is available to defray the costs
of participation of coastal zone scientists from developing countries.
Key dates include:
Second circular and registration
31 March 1999
Deadline for registration
31 May 1999
Poster abstracts
1 July 1999

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OTHER MEETINGS
ELOISE OPEN SCIENCE MEETING
JGOFS International Scien-
tific Symposium, Biogeo-
chemistry of the Arabian
The European Land-Ocean Interactions Studies (ELOISE) project clus-
Sea: Synthesis and Mod-
ter is the largest concerted effort in coastal zone science in the world. It
elling, 18-20 January 1999,
consists of 30 projects sponsored by the European Commission within its
Bangalore, India.
programmes Marine Science and Technology (MAST) and Environment Conference on Marine Envi-
and Climate. The major aim of ELOISE is fundamental research on land-
ronment, the Past, Present
ocean interactions within different disciplines, including socio-
and Future, 26-28 January
economics, and to provide a forum for discussion between the different
1999, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
fundamental sciences and their users in society. ELOISE is the contribu-
tion of the European Union to LOICZ (Land-Ocean Interactions in the
1999 Open Meeting of the
Coastal Zone), a programme of IGBP (International Geosphere-
Human Dimensions of Global
Environmental Change Re-
Biosphere Programme).
search Community, 24-26
June, Kanagawa, Japan.
The 1st and 2nd ELOISE Open Science Meetings were held in 1997 in
Arcachon, France and in 1998 in Huelva, Spain. These meetings
Fifth International Conference
provided a successful forum for scientists working in different European
on Coastal and Port Engineer-
projects on coastal zone science. The 3rd ELOISE Open Science
ing in Developing Countries.
Meeting will be held in Noordwijkerhout, in the Netherlands from 1-4
19-23 April 99, Cape Town,
South Africa.
December 1999. The third Open Science Meeting of ELOISE is open to
all scientists with an interest in the complex and multiple problems of the Non-CO Greenhouse Gases
2
coastal zone. At this meeting the scientific results from fifteen
(NCGG-2) Scientific under-
major EU projects will be synthesised. During special theme sessions a
standing, control and imple-
number of important problems of coastal zone science and management
mentation. 8-10 September
will be discussed.
99, Noordwijkerhout, The
Netherlands.
The meeting will be held in Leeuwenhorst Congress Centre,
International MEDCOAST
Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Conference on Wind and
Wave Climate of the Mediter-
Local organising committee
ranean and the Black Sea. 30
Prof. Dr. Carlo Heip
March - 2 April 99, Antalya,
Dr. Lucas Stal
Turkey.
Information: Congress secretariat, Yerseke
1999 Gordon Research Con-
ference on Polar Marine Re-
Mrs. Elly de Bruijn or Mr. Adri Merks
search. 7-12 March, Ventura,
Netherlands Inst. of Ecology
California, USA.
Centre of Estuarine and Coastal Ecology
P.O. Box 140
3rd International Symposium
NL-4400 AC
Environmental Geochemistry
The Netherlands
in Tropical Countries. 25-29
October 99, Rio de Janeiro,
Phone: +31 113 577300
Brazil.
Fax: +31 113 573616
E-mail: eloise99@cemo.nioo.knaw.nl
15th Biennial International Es-
tuarine Research Federation
Updated information on the congress will be available on ELOISE web
Conference, "Where the River
site: http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg12/eloise/eloise-h.html
meets the Sea", 25-30
September 99.

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