Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
INPRINT
Coastal Zones are complex socio-ecolog ical systems, delivery and sustainability of goods and
services are dependant on functions and processes which are under increasing anthro-
pogenic and climatic influence. Biogeoch emical fluxes are key indicators mirroring land-bas ed
activities and potential scales for social response. This newsletter looks into new aspects o f
biogeochemical assessment and nutrient accounti ng as a means to ultimately inform deci-
sions relevant for management across the dy namic land - sea boundary. We also feature t he
recent changes in the IPO team and their implications in the new phase of LOICZ.
Joint IMBER/LOI CZ Continental Margins Open Science Conference Impacts of global,
local and human forcings on biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems.
Shanghai, 1721 September 2007
Contents
Scientific Reports
Management outcomes from LOICZ biogeochemical
budgeting in New Zealand
3
LOICZ News
Arctic Frontiers 2126 January Tromsø, Norway
6
SCOR-LOICZ Working Group 122 ,,Mechanism of
Sediment Retention in Estuaries"
7
Some highlights of the Workshop on Integrated
Budgeting of Nitrogen Fluxes in Regional Watersheds:
Linking Atmospheric, Terrestrial, Aquatic and Coastal
Interactions.
7
Arctical Coastal Zones at Risk
12
,,Biogeochemistry of coastal seas and continental
shelves" Session during the EGU meeting
15-20 April in Vienna
13
IMBER LOICZ Continental Margins Open Science
Conference
13
Integrating biogeochemical processes and fish
dynamics in food web models for end-to-end
conceptualisation of marine ecosystems
13
LOICZ Nodes
,,Integrated Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal
Areas in the Southeast Asia and East Asia Region"
15
IPO Notes
The future of the LOICZ Typology
15
IPO staff changes
15
Publications
16
Have you seen
19
What`s new on the web
19
Calendar
19
www.loicz.org
2007/1
L O I C Z P E O P L E
LOICZ Scientific Steering Committee
Dennis P. Swaney USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Jozef M. Pacyna (Chair) Norway
Cornell University
Center for Ecological Economics (CEE)
Norwegian Institute for Air Research NILU
LOICZ Regional IPO Nodes
Felino P. Lansigan (Vice-chair) Philippines
South Asia Regional Node Sri Lanka
University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB)
Nalin Wikramanayake
School of Environmental Science and Management (SESAM)
Department of Civil Engineering
and Institute of Statistics (INSTAT)
Open University of Sri Lanka
tomwiks@yahoo.com - www.nsf.ac.lk/loicz
Nancy N. Rabalais (Vice-chair) USA
LUMCON - Louisiana Universities Marine
Southeast & East Asia Regional Node Singapore
Beverly Goh
William C. Dennison USA
National Institute of Education
University of Maryland
Nanyang Technological University
Center for Environmental Science
bgoh@nie.edu.sg
Anthony "Ticky" Forbes South Africa
Associated: START / PACOM regional Node West
Marine & Estuarine Research
Africa Accra
Biomonitoring, Research and Environmental management
Prof. Chris Gordon
Centre of African Wetlands
Juan D. Restrepo Colombia
University of Ghana
Department of Geological Sciences
Legon Accra, Ghana
EAFIT University
cgordon@ug.edu.gh
John Parslow Australia
LOICZ IPO
CSIRO Marine Research
Hartwig H. Kremer
Eva Roth Denmark
Chief executive officer
Department of Environmental and Business Economics
hartwig.kremer@loicz.org
University of Southern Denmark
Jürgen Weichselgartner
Senior Science Coordinator
Alice Newton Portugal
j.weichselgartner@loicz.org
Faculty of Science and Technology
University of Algarve
Götz Flöser
Contributing Scientist, polar activities
Alison Gilbert Netherlands
Institute for Coastal Research
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
GKSS Research Centre
Free University Amsterdam
floeser@gkss.de - http://coast.gkss.de/loicz
Bernhard Glaeser Germany
Barbe Goldberg
Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB)
Office and communications manager
loicz.ipo@loicz.org
Weigen Huang China
Second Institute of Oceanography
Maike Paul
State Oceanic Administration
Project assistant (until end of March)
maike.paul@loicz.org
Isao Koike Japan
Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Christoph Sebald
Intern
Laurence Mee UK
For full contact details of the SSC members,
Marine Institute
Regional IPO Nodes and LOICZ IPO staff please
University of Plymouth
visit www.loicz.org
Stephen B. Olsen USA
Address updates and subscription
Coastal Resources Center
Graduate School of Oceanography
Please use the LOICZ online database for address
University of Rhode Island
updates and subscription to the LOICZ newsletter. If
Ramesh Ramachandran India
you have any questions please contact the IPO at
Institute of Ocean Management
loicz.ipo@loicz.org.
Anna University
This newsletter is also available online at
Yoshiki Saito Japan
www.loicz.org
Geological Survey of Japan, AIST
2
I N P R I N T
2007/1
The Hauraki budget allowed conclusions about relative
Scientific Reports
importance of oceanic, riverine and sewage loading rates
to the Firth and Hauraki Gulf under variable oceano-
Management outcomes from LOICZ biogeochemical
graphic conditions (here I use the standard LOICZ
budgeting in New Zealand
budgeting notation for river, residual, and exchange
John Zeldis, j.zeldis@niwa.co.nz
flows: V , V
and V , respectively, and denote fluxes
Q
R
X
with respect to the Firth and Gulf with subscripts 1 and 2
Introduction
respectively). For the Firth, the ratio of fluxes of DIN from
LOICZ II is increasingly concerned with implications of
rivers to the total riverine and oceanic flux was derived
human activities and the governance of the coastal zone
as:
on the environmental state of the world's estuaries and
other coastal ecosystems. The application of biogeo-
chemical budgeting to these issues was not the focus of
LOICZ I, but we are now trying to consider how to best
apply these approaches to management questions. This
report describes three case studies which illustrate how
This showed that rivers contributed about 65% of the
important outcomes for resource managers and industry
total of river + ocean DIN supply to the Firth, while mix-
have been realised using LOICZ budgeting in New
ing between the Firth and the seaward Gulf contributed
Zealand. They consider the balance of terrestrial and
35%. Similar calculations for the Gulf showed that rivers
oceanic forcing of nutrient flux, estimating absolute mag-
(including those discharging to the Firth) supplied only
nitudes of allochthonous dissolved and particulate
8% of DIN, and sewage from Auckland City contributed
carbon and nitrogen fluxes, and evaluating aquaculture
5%, demonstrating the dominance of mixing supply
impacts in coastal ecosystems.
from the adjacent ocean, to the Gulf.
The balance of terrestrial and oceanic forcing of nutrient
It was clear that most DIN was supplied to the Firth by its
flux
rivers during the budgeted period (2000-01). However,
The primary information for this work was a LOICZ
during most of that time, the Gulf and Firth were oligo-
budget created for the Hauraki Gulf and adjacent Firth of
trophic, with relatively low near-bed NO
concentra-
3
Thames (Zeldis 2006), in northeastern New Zealand
tions detected in the outer Firth (Fig. 2). Over longer time
(Fig. 1). The Hauraki Gulf is a large temperate latitude
frames, the Firth has protracted phases of high or low
embayment on the northeastern coast. New Zealand's
NO concentrations, each lasting a number of months,
3
largest city, Auckland (1.2 million population), borders the
driven by upwelling dynamics over the adjacent conti-
Gulf's southwestern shoreline, while the remainder of its
nental shelf (Zeldis et al. 2004, Zeldis 2004). Upwelling
catchments are largely pastoral or in native forest.
causes near-bed Firth NO to vary 2 to 3 fold (Fig. 2),
3
although the salinities of the upwelled and downwelled
waters are very similar. This plasticity of ocean loading
suggests that it has great potential to drive long-term
variation in Firth DIN loads.
Figure 2: Nitrate sampling in the outer Firth of Thames September
1998 - June 2005 in the NIWA Cross-Shelf Exchange programme
(circles) and the Wilson Bay (Group A) mussel farm monitoring
programme (squares). Note protracted phases of higher NO in 1998,
3
199900, 200203, and 200304. The NO
concentrations at the
Figure 1: Hauraki Gulf in northeastern New Zealand (inset) and
3
times of the 4 seasonal surveys used in the LOICZ budget are enclosed
place names, sampling stations and system boundaries used in
the 200001 Hauraki Gulf /Firth of Thames LOICZ budget.
in the rectangle.
3
This hypothesis was tested by gauging the response of
These calculations do not determine the provenance of
the budget to increased system DIN concentrations in
this particulate material: while it will certainly be from
Firth and Gulf boxes, i.e., DIN
. When DIN
values
both marine and terrestrial sources, the ratio of the
1,2
1,2
were doubled and trebled to emulate increased upwelled
sources is not known (see Zeldis 2005) and further re-
supply, but river inputs were held constant, the percent-
search is required on the provenance, geochemistry and
ages of river supply of DIN of the total DIN supply into the
reactivity of particulate material to elaborate on these
Firth decreased from 65% to 45% and 36%. The study
findings. Sedimentation is a key management issue in
thus indicated that the major source of long-term varia-
the inner Firth (Fig. 3) and these calculations provide a
tion in DIN supply to the Firth of Thames originates from
system-level estimate of this loading. They also inform
upwelling dynamics offshore.
management policy in that they estimate the capacity for
denitrification to 'buffer' the Firth against excessive N
These LOICZ findings have been used by Auckland
loading from terrestrial and marine sources, which could
Regional Council and Environment Waikato, the local
otherwise cause eutrophication (Hauraki Gulf Forum
authorities mandated to maintain sustainable resource
2004). The findings suggest that management initiatives
use in the Auckland and Waikato Districts, in State of
to limit dissolved nutrient flux from catchments should
Environment Reporting for the Hauraki Gulf (Hauraki Gulf
also consider the flux of particulates
Forum 2004). The budget showed that rivers are a signifi-
cant, often dominant, term in Firth of Thames nutrient
dynamics. Significant increase or decrease in long-term
loading from the Firth catchments (such as could arise
from land-use change) could alter Firth nutrient dynam-
ics. However, it is also clear that upwelling can also
dominate Firth nutrient dynamics, dependent on off-
shore conditions. This information has provided Regional
Councils with improved perspectives regarding manage-
ment of land use in catchments and about land coast
i n t e r a c t i o n s, i n t h e n a t i o n a l l y i m p o r t a n t H a u r a k i G u l f
region.
Dissolved and particulate C and N fluxes to coastal sys-
tems
Particulate material fluxes are not explicitly budgeted in
the LOICZ procedure because of inherent imprecision in
their estimation (Gordon et al. 1996). However, it is pos-
sible to infer their magnitudes, which may be valuable for
coastal system management. For the Hauraki Gulf / Firth
Figure 3: Hauraki Gulf scene showing high sus
system, the amount of allochtonous PON needed to sup-
pended s e d i m e n t e n v i r o n m e n t i n inner Firth
port denitrification flux, given summed DIN and DON
of Thames, acquired by MODIS, 23 October
2002. Data used courtesy of NASA, source:
fluxes (i.e., DN fluxes), was
NIWA. Evaluating aquaculture impacts in coastal
ecosystems
-(nfix-denit
)+ V
D N
+ V
D N
+ V
( D N D N ) ,
t i n o r g + o r g
Q 1
Q 1
R 1
R 1
X 1
2
1
where the first term indicates net denitrification calcu-
Greenshell mussel farming is the largest aquaculture in-
lated for both inorganic and organic N fluxes and
dustry in New Zealand, returning over $NZ 200 M y-1 to
subscripts 1 and 2 indicate Firth and Gulf systems. For
the economy. Mussels are grown using suspended rope
the Firth, this evaluated to ~9000 tonnes of alloch-
culture and feed on phytoplankton and other suspended
thonous PON y-1. DIN inputs to the Firth accounted for
particles drifting through the farms. The eastern Firth of
only about 38% of this N required to balance the denitri-
Thames (Fig. 4) supports the largest single block of mus-
fication flux (Zeldis 2006).
sel farms in New Zealand, within the Wilson Bay
Aquaculture Management Area (AMA). In addition to this
The Firth also had an excess of oxidation over production
development in the eastern Firth, another zone, approxi-
(p-r = -12 mmol C m-2 d-1), which must be subsidised by
mately twice the size of the Wilson Bay AMA, was under
net import of substantial amounts of labile organic car-
consideration by Auckland Regional Council in the west-
bon and its oxidation in the Firth. This import was mainly
ern Firth. The scale of these developments has made it
in POC rather than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) be-
incumbent on these regional councils to assess and pre-
cause net flux of DOP (and hence DOC) was small: Zeldis
dict environmental performance of Firth aquaculture at
2006). The required net POC flux was ~ 55 000 tC y-1.
Firth-wide scales.
4
I N P R I N T
2007/1
Figure 5: Net N fluxes in the Firth production cycle. System boundaries
are dashed. Increasing arrow thicknesses denote small, medium and
large flows. 'Autotrophs' are all primary producers and 'Heterotrophs'
are all secondary producers including mussels.
Carbon cycling (not shown) has similar dynamics, cen-
tred on POC, with recycled production of DIC, and its
major sink to the atmosphere as CO . The DIC produc-
2
tion is Firth system respiration (240,000 tC y-1),
produced by all biota including mussels. Carbon is also
removed by the mussel harvest. These results were
compared with information on farmed mussel biomass,
C and N composition, and weight-specific respiration
(Zeldis 2005), to draw conclusions about the importance
Figure 4: Locations of the Wilson Bay Aquaculture Management Area
o f m u s s e l a q u a c u l t u r e w i t h i n t h e F i r t h e c o s y s t e m
(AMA) in the Eastern Firth of Thames and the proposed Western Firth
(Table 1).
AMA. Note scales of the developments.
Annual Harvest Tonnage (green weight)
9000
13000
63000
Mussel C production:Firth C primary production
0.2
0.3
1.6
Mussel C respiration:Firth C respiration
0.3
0.4
1.8
Using LOICZ and primary production information, this
Mussel N production:Firth denitrification
0.4
0.6
2.8
case study estimates incorporation of C and N into or-
ganic material through system import and primary
Table 1: Firth of Thames mussel farm fluxes compared to Firth system
production, and losses of C and N through system respi-
fluxes, for three annual mussel harvest scenarios: harvest at Wilson
Bay as of May 2005 (9000 t); projected harvest as of end of 2007 (13
ration, denitrification, and export. These were compared
000 t), and at maximum development of Wilson Bay plus Western Firth
with C and N assimilation and respiration by mussel
(63 000 t; see Fig. 4).
farms, at the various AMA development intensities. They
provided perspective on the relative magnitudes of
ecosystem and farm processes, under the various inten-
Across the range of harvest scenarios, harvest removes
sities of AMA development, to address the issue of
between 0.2 and 1.6% of Firth C primary production y-1
aquaculture sustainability from a systems-level perspec-
and mussel C respiration accounts for between 0.2 and
tive.
1.8% of present Firth system respiration. At maximum
development, the size of the harvest N sink is about
The context of mussel aquaculture within Firth ecosys-
2.8% of size of the denitrification sink, demonstrating
tem N-cycling is shown in Fig. 5. This shows the loading
the relative sizes of these constraints on Firth N supply
of PON and DIN to the system, uptake of the new DIN by
and primary production. These calculations give perspec-
autotrophs in primary production (180,000 tC y-1), de-
tives on the significance of C and N removal by farmed
composition of PON by heterotrophs (including mussels)
mussels, relative to the amount of these materials cur-
to DIN, and recycling of the DIN via autotrophs to PON.
rently supplied to the Firth, which sustain its primary
Competing with the internal production:decomposition
productivity, respiration and denitrification.
cycle is the major N sink through denitrification (11,000
2
tN y-1) and a smaller burial sink. Also competing with the
Obvious shortcomings of the LOICZ-based analysis are
internal primary production cycle is the removal of N by
that it is not spatially nor temporally resolved. For this
the harvest of mussels.
reason, we consider that its benefits are maximised
5
when complemented with other analyses: in our case
Zeldis, J. 2005. Magnitudes of natural and mussel farm-derived
we have compared the budget results with farm-site
fluxes of carbon and nitrogen in the Firth of Thames. NIWA
water quality monitoring (Zeldis et al. 2006) and biophysi-
Client Report CHC2005-048. May 2005 (Client Environment
cal modelling (Broekhuizen et al. 2005), both of which
Waikato).
have found that present levels of farming cause virtually
h t t p : / / w w w. e w. g o v t . n z / p u b l i c a t i o n s / t e c h n i c a l r e p o r t s / t r 0 5 3 0 . h t m
undetectable amounts of phytoplankton depletion. Thus,
three entirely independent approaches have yielded
Zeldis, J. 2006. Water, Salt and Nutrient Budgets for Hauraki
similar results with respect to marine farming in the Firth
Gulf and adjacent Firth of Thames, New Zealand. LOICZ
ecosystem. Along with this other information, the LOICZ
website:
approach has had a strong guiding influence on manage-
http://data.ecology.su.se/mnode/New_Zealand/HaurakiGulf/Ha
ment of Firth aquaculture, with the conclusion that
uraki_revised/Hauraki%20budget%2004revised.htm
present farming levels present low risk, in terms of im-
pact on food webs (M. Felsing, Environment Waikato,
Zeldis, J., Vopel, K., Chiaroni, L. 2006. Wilson Bay marine farm
pers. comm.,October 2006).
monitoring annual report for 2005. NIWA Client Report:
CHC2006-099, HAM2006-049 June 2006.
Conclusion
These case studies show that LOICZ-based biogeo-
LOICZ News
chemical budgeting can complement findings from other
studies, to inform stakeholders about important proper-
ties of their coastal systems. The LOICZ approach is
effective in providing stakeholders with 'system-level'
Arctic Frontiers 2126 January Tromsø, Norway
perspectives over processes and impacts, enabling new
and valuable outcomes for environmental management.
The impact of Global Change is most apparent in the
Arctic; temperature increase, permafrost thawing, sea
References
ice cover decline, and severe coastal erosion are its
already obvious consequences in the Arctic Basin and
Broekhuizen, N., Oldman J., Image K., Gall, M., Zeldis, J. 2005.
Arctic Coastal Zones. On the biological side, the decreas-
Verification of plankton depletion models against the Wilson
ing sea ice cover and thus increasing irradiation alone
Bay synoptic survey data Feb 2005 ARC Technical Publication
leads to alterations in species composition, from phyto-
256 Environment Waikato Technical Report No. 2005/08.
plankton to marine mammals.
http://www.arc.govt.nz/shadomx/apps/fms/fmsdownload.cfm
?file_uuid=80D5BCF0-BCD4-1A24-9AED-
In addition to these phenomena concerning changes in
D780FAE37BBD&siteName=arc
physical, chemical and biological oceanography, the in-
teraction between the human dimension and the coast is
Gordon, D.C. Jr.; Boudreau, P.R.; Mann, K.H.; Ong, J.-E.; Silver,
also altered: new forms of land and sea use are antici-
W.L; Smith, S.V.; Wattayakorn, G.; Wulff, F.; Yanagi, T. 1995.
pated. The North-West passage north of Canada from
LOICZ Biogeochemical Modelling Guidelines. LOICZ/
the Atlantic to the Pacific probably is about to open, and
RandS/95-5. LOICZ, Texel, The Netherlands. 96 p.
with the retreat of sea ice an opening of the Northern Sea
route from Europe to the Far East is also anticipated. The
oil and gas fields in Western Siberia are among the
Hauraki Gulf Forum 2004. The Hauraki Gulf State of
largest in Russia and exploitation activities are being ex-
the Environment Report. 223 pp.
tended. About 25% of the global reserves of fossil
http://www.arc.govt.nz/arc/fms/coast/soe05a.pdf
energy resources are expected to be located in the
Arctic.
Zeldis, J.R. 2004. New and remineralised nutrient supply and
ecosystem metabolism on the northeastern New Zealand con-
With these already occurring or anticipated severe
tinental shelf. Continental Shelf Research (24): 563-581.
changes in mind, science is challenged to assess the cur-
http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S0278434303002450
rent status and future scenarios of ecosystem and
socio-economic system functioning in order to forecast
Zeldis, J.R., Walters, R.A., Greig, M.J.N., Image, K. 2004.
the implications of global change processes for the Arctic
Circulation over the northeastern New Zealand continental
system. This needs to go hand in hand with socio eco-
slope, shelf and adjacent Hauraki Gulf, from spring to summer.
nomic evaluation of human land and sea use and change/
Continental Shelf Research (24): 543-561.
response options in light of the modelled scenarios of
http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S0278434303002449
change in a warming Arctic.
6
I N P R I N T
2007/1
The coastal zone is central in these considerations, and
LOICZ community interested in attending should provide
consequently, coastal and marine processes were a key
the organizers with a title and abstract to indicate their in-
focus in the ,,Arctic Frontiers" conference jointly organ-
terest in attending.
ised by the University of Tromsø and the Norwegian
Contact:
company Akvaplan-Niva. This conference was a first ef-
Any interested participants should contact Gerardo M.
fort to combine natural sciences, economy and politics
E. Perillo perillo@criba.edu.ar or James Syvitski
and showcased the relevance of this integrated perspec-
syvitski@stripe.colorado.edu
tive. However it also revealed the unique complexity in
passing the traditional boundaries between the different
communities. Co-sponsored by the private sector, the
conference indeed had a strong participation and active
involvement of the user community. This is a very wel-
come approach and it is hoped that Arctic Frontiers will
Some highlights of the Workshop on Integrated
(as co-organizer, Paul Wassmann, announced at the end
B u d g e t i n g
o f
N i t r o g e n
F l u x e s
i n
R e g i o n a l
of the conference) evolve into a continuous process. This
Watersheds: Linking Atmospheric, Terrestrial,
would indeed be a very interesting platform for LOICZ to
Aquatic and Coastal Interactions.
explore and engage in taking a regional look into its prior-
ity topics such as the socio ecological system coupling
Gilles Billen1, Josette Garnier1 and Dennis
and governance baselines. LOICZ, IASC, AMAP and
Swaney2
IHDP are planning an own workshop in autumn, (see
under ,,Arctic Coastal Zones at Risk"
1 UMR Sisyphe 7619-CNRS & UPMC, Box 123, 4 place Jussieu,
75005 Paris (France)
(http://w3k.gkss.de/events/arctic07/) which will pick up a
2 Cornell University, 311 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
variety of issues addressed in Arctic Frontiers.
A workshop held in Paris, during January 14-17, 2007,
and co-sponsored by LOICZ and the European Science
Foundation's NINE networking program
(http://www.esf.org/esf_article.php?language=0&article
=528&domain=3&activity=1 ) brought together Euro-
pean and American investigators to extend some con-
cepts relating nitrogen inputs to watersheds to nitrogen
exports in rivers. The main goal of the meeting was to re-
view several concepts pertaining to the nitrogen budget
of large watersheds in Europe and elsewhere, to extend
these to other critical nutrients (i.e. phosphorus and sili-
ca), to compare different approaches and methodologies
for assessing the nitrogen cascade within watersheds,
Participants of Arctic Frontiers watching a theatre performance
and to evaluate the impacts of nutrient loads on coastal
celebrating the return of the sun after the Arctic winter. (Photo H.
Kremer)
ecosystems.
History
The concept of Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs
(NANI) to large watersheds was first elaborated in a
SCOR-LOICZ Working Group 122 ,,Mechanism of
workshop on nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in the
Sediment Retention in Estuaries"
North Atlantic and its regional catchments, held at Block
Island, in the northeastern US in 1994, which resulted in
The SCOR-LOICZ Working Group 122 ,,Mechanism of
several influential papers in Biogeochemistry (Howarth
Sediment Retention in Estuaries" will meet on
et al., 1996). The concept was further refined at a sec-
September 23-27 at INSTAAR, University of
ond workshop focusing on major watersheds of the
Colorado, Boulder, Co, USA.
eastern United States (Boyer et al., 2002). In January
2005, a meeting was held in Sigtuna, Sweden, to discuss
Although the meeting will concentrate in finalizing the
integrated approaches for estimating nutrient fluxes in
Terms of References (TOR) of the WG and defining the
large watersheds. The meeting brought together
publication of its findings, it will be open to other partici-
European and American groups interested in nutrient ac-
pants interested in the subject matter. The meeting will
counting and hydrology-based modeling. The Paris
consist in invited presentations, selected contributions
workshop in January 2007 was a follow-up meeting to
and round-table discussions about the TOR. Those in the
further engage those who participated in the Sigtuna
7
meeting and others in exchanging datasets, defining a
common methodology, and addressing the relationships
between terrestrial nutrient fluxes and coastal ecosys-
tem dynamics.
While the workshop sustained a lively and wide-ranging
discussion of watershed and coastal zone nutrient is-
sues, we highlight four general focus areas here.
NANI
The Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs to watersheds is
an accounting method by which nitrogen sources are
summed to estimate an upper limit of the nitrogen avail-
able for export from a watershed. Four categories of net
anthropogenic inputs are considered:
Figure 1a: Schematic diagram of nitrogen flows in a watershed. The
pink (domestic and industrial sectors) and beige (agricultural sector) are
·
atmospheric deposition,
those areas most affected by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Forested
areas (green) and aquifers (light blue) are areas of nitrogen processing
in the landscape.
·
fertilizer,
Figure 1b: In human domina-
·
agricultural nitrogen fixation, and
ted ecosystems, watershed
autotrophy/heterotrophy is de-
termined by the balance of
·
food and feed transfers across watershed
agricultural primary production
boundaries
and consumption of food and
feed by humans and livestock.
Note that NANI does not include all nitrogen fluxes it is
intended to estimate only anthropogenically generated
nitrogen, and thus those terms in addition to ,,back-
ground" flows of N which might be associated with
unperturbed ecosystems. Thus NANI indicates a meas-
ure of N impact by humans, and a goal is to relate it to the
response observed in rivers, estuaries, and other coastal
ecosystems. Other nutrients, especially P and Si, could
Watershed heterotrophy/autotrophy
be assessed in a similar manner, though some terms
The notion of whether an ecosystem is autotrophic or
would drop out or be replaced by other terms (e.g. ,,fixa-
heterotrophic is conventionally discussed in terms of its
tion" might be replaced by enhanced weathering for Si,
carbon or energy budget: if the primary production of an
which tends to be the dominant source term).
ecosystem exceeds its ecosystem respiration (P/R>1), it
is regarded as autotrophic; conversely, if respiration
Previous studies showed that only 20-25% of NANI
exceeds production (P/R<1), the system is hetero-
leaves a watershed in river-borne nitrogen (Howarth et
trophic. Most ecosystems unperturbed by human
al., 1996; Boyer et al., 2002). The same is true for NTNI ,
activity are in approximate balance (P=R). However, in
the Net Total Nitrogen Inputs. Determining what hap-
modern times, most ecosystems are affected in many
pens to the 'remaining' nitrogen is an active area of
ways by human activity. Le et al. (2005) have addressed
current research. Gaseous loss as N (and also as N O)
2
2
the question of human impact on this question by re-
is probably the most important fate, although storage in
casting the calculations of autotrophy/heterotrophy in
soil organic matter and in contaminated aquifers are
terms of N flows, and evaluating the principal flows of ni-
other possibilities. Assessing the respective part of
trogen associated with food and feed production and
,,landscape" versus ,,in-stream" processes in the nitro-
consumption associated with the distribution of humans
gen cascade across different watersheds with variable
and livestock through the landscape flows which are
levels of human perturbation will be the subject of fur-
critical components of NANI (Figure 1b). Today, this
ther investigations.
,,human component" of ecosystem autotrophy/hetero-
8
I N P R I N T
2007/1
trophy typically dominates the ,,natural" component, and
exhibits a radically different spatial structure (Figure 2).
Using this approach, heterotrophic systems are consid-
ered those in which agricultural production does not
meet local demand, and thus food and feed must be im-
ported. Autotrophic systems typically export food and
feed. In many instances in Europe and North America,
the nitrogen fluxes associated with food and feed export
or import are larger than other components of the nitro-
gen budget like riverine flows of nitrogen and landscape
retention.
Figure 2: Watersheds dominated by agricultural cropping systems
tend to be autotrophic (agricultural productivity exceeds consumption).
Those with high human and animal population densities tend toward
heterotrophy. After Le et al., 2005.
Per capita rate of riverine nitrogen export
Modern levels of riverine nitrogen flows are much larger
than those of earlier periods of human history (Figure 3).
The same is true for phosphorus. Many authors, basing
their studies on statistical analysis of large river data
bases, have derived rough per capita contributions to en-
hanced nutrient fluvial delivery from continent to the
coastal ocean (Meybeck, 1982; Green et al, 2004,
Seitzinger et al, 2002b, Smith et al, 2003). This index is
largely dependent on the hydrology, reflecting the domi-
nant contribution of agricultural soil leaching. Long term
historical reconstitution of nitrogen deliveries in relation-
Figure 3: Reconstruction of historical changes in the nitrogen budget
ship with total population in the watershed shows
of the Seine drainage network for three hydrological regimes.
surprising trends that deserve further examination
(Figure 3). For phosphorus loadings, often dominated by
a. population density; b. urban point sources of nitrogen to surface
point urban release, the overall per capita delivery re-
water; c. diffuse sources of nitrogen to surface water; d. correspon-
ding simulated coastal N delivery from the Seine basin. e. calculated
mained close to 0.4 kgP.cap-1.yr-1 until 1950; it then
per capita rate of N delivery.
increased 4-fold in a few decades, before recently falling
After Billen et al., 2006.
back to much lower values.
9
ICEP
It can be calculated by the following relationships (based
on the Redfield molar C:N:P:Si ratios 106:16:1:20):
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are troubling symptoms of
excessive nutrient loading in some coastal ecosystems.
While their origins are not well understood, a recognized
ICEP = [ NFlx / (14*16) - SiFlx / (28*20) ] * 106 * 12
aspect of HABs is that most (not all) of them are associ-
if N/P < 16
(N limiting)
ated with non-siliceous algal species; that is, most of the
troublesome species are not diatoms. While all algae re-
ICEP = [ PFlx / 31 - SiFlx / (28*20) ] * 106 * 12
quire nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain growth, diatom
if N/P > 16
(P limiting)
species of algae (and some others) require silica as a
nutrient to create their structural ,,skeleton", their
,,frustule" in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus. While
eutrophication (excessive production due to excess
nutrients) can occur irrespective of the availability of
where NFlx, PFlx and SiFlx are the mean daily fluxes of
silica, it makes sense to consider the load of nitrogen and
total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved silica ex-
phosphorus in excess of the demand of siliceous algae
pressed in kg of the respective nutrient per watershed
when considering the potential occurrence of HABs
km2 .
(Figure 4).
Not surprisingly, ICEP increases with the population den-
sity of watersheds because of the correlation of nutrient
flux with population. However, for a given level of wa-
tershed population, ICEP is lower in tropical areas than in
temperate areas due to the higher silica loading charac-
terizing tropical rivers (Figure 5). One of the aims of
workshop participants over the next year is to examine
the coincidence of HABs and in areas of positive ICEP in
order to test the validity of this index.
Figure 4: Following the Redfield ratio, coastal ecosystems with molar
N:P ratios greater than 16 are P limited. However, irrespective of N or
P limitation, if the ratio of Si to these nutrients falls below the require-
ments of diatoms, Si limitation can be inferred, and the potential for
HAB occurrence is increased (ie ICEP >0). Redrawn from Billen and
Garnier, 2006.
Billen and Garnier (2006) have defined an indicator of
coastal eutrophication potential (ICEP) of riverine nutrient
inputs as the carbon biomass potentially produced in the
receiving coastal water body based on the flux of nitro-
gen or phosphorus (depending upon which is limiting
with respect to the other) delivered in excess over silica.
Figure 5: ICEP, a Si based eutrophication index, is positive when riveri-
The indicator expresses the potential for new production
ne N or P fluxes exceed the potential demand for N or P associated with
of non-siliceous algae sustained by riverine nutrient de-
siliceous algae and thus indicate the potential for harmful algal blooms.
Because riverine nutrient fluxes increase with population density (cf
livery. It is expressed in units of carbon per day, the units
Smith et al., 2003) the index does as well. Tropical rivers exhibit a lower
generally used for reporting marine primary production,
value of ICEP at the same loading rate than temperate rivers because
and is scaled to the river watershed area, for the sake of
of a generally higher silica specific delivery. From Billen and Garnier,
basin to basin comparison.
2007.
10
I N P R I N T
2007/1
Workplan
·
case studies of watersheds of particular interest
As a result of the meeting, a plan was developed to or-
·
historical reconstitution of nutrient fluxes in well
ganize, over the next year, a special issue of a journal to
documented watersheds
discuss the above conceptual and methodological is-
sues, including:
Toward this end, over the next few months, meeting par-
·
comparison of NANI estimates with measured river-
ticipants will assemble their collective datasets on
ine fluxes,
European and American watersheds in a common for-
·
discussion of autotrophy/heterotrophy of water-
mat suitable for comparative analysis. When possible,
sheds and its relationship to NANI,
complementary P and Si budgets will be assembled in
·
fate of non-exported nutrients in the landscape and
order to address the coastal eutrophication potential of
the river continuum,
the watershed under study. Upon publication of the spe-
·
evaluation of uncertainties of NANI and riverine flux
cial issue devoted to the results of these analyses, the
estimates,
database will be available for general use.
·
discussion of effects of nutrient delivery to coastal
ecosystems,
·
discussion of scale issues,
For more information on products and outcomes of the
·
comparisons with other methodological approaches,
workshop, contact Josette Garnier
·
the importance of the agricultural system on nutrient
(Josette.Garnier@ccr.jussieu.fr) or Gilles Billen
fluxes, and
(billen@ccr.jussieu.fr)
Workshop participants
11
References
scientific workshop aimed at the impact of Global
Warming on Arctic Coastal Zones. The workshop is co-
Billen, G. and J. Garnier. 2006. River basin nutrient delivery to
sponsored by the International Permafrost A s s o c i a t i o n
the coastal sea: assessing its potential to sustain new produc-
( I PA) More Details:
tion of non siliceous algae. Marine Chemistry. Mar. Chem, doi:
h t t p : / / w 3 k . g k s s . d e / e v e n t s / a r c t i c 0 7 /
10.1016/j.marchem.2006.12.017
Of particular interest is the response of Arctic geophysi-
Billen G, J. Garnier, J.-M. Mouchel., and M. Silvestre. 2006. The
cal and ecosystem features to effects of Global Warming
Seine system: Introduction to a multidisciplinary approach of
i.e., the decreasing sea ice cover, the destabilisation of
the functioning of a regional river system. Sci Total Environ.
permafrost systems and increased exposure of the coast
to storms. Embedded in this context will be the impor-
Billen G, Garnier J, Nemery J, Sebilo M, Sferratore A, Barles S,
tant issue of reactions of human societies to these Arctic
Benoit M. 2006 A long term view of nutrient transfers through
changes. This includes both adaptation to changing living
the Seine river continuum. The Science of the Total Environ-
conditions bearing threats and options for human
ment Sci Total Environ, doi:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2006.12.001
welfare as well as new forms of land and sea use such as
enhanced access to resource extraction, or the increas-
Boyer, E.W., C. L. Goodale, N. A. Jaworski and R. W. Howarth.
ing ship traffic along the coast.
2002. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to
riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeo-
chemistry 57/58:137-169.
H o w a r t h , R . W., G. Billen, D. P. Swaney, A. Townsend,
N. Jaworski, K. Lajtha, J. A. Downing, R. Elmgren, N. Caraco,
T. Jordan, F. Berendse, J. Freney, V. Kudeyarov, P. Murdoch,
Zhu Zhao-liang. 1996. ,,Riverine Inputs of Nitrogen to the North
Atlantic Ocean: Fluxes and Human Influences".
Biogeo-
chemistry, 35:75-139.
Le Thi Phuong Q., G. Billen, J. Garnier, S. Théry and C. Fézard.
2005. Nutrient (N,P) budgets for the Red River basin (Vietnam
and China). Global Biogeochemical cycles. 19, GB2022,
doi;10.1029/2004GB002405.
Smith, S.V., D. P. Swaney, L. Talue-McManus, J. D. Bartley, P.
T. Sandhei, C. McLaughlin, V. C. Dupra, C. J. Crossland, R. W.
Buddemeier, B. A Maxwell, F. Wulff. 2003. Humans,
Hydrology, and the Distribution of Inorganic Nutrient Loading to
the Ocean. Bioscience 53(3):235-245.
Arctical Coastal Zones at Risk
Scientific Workshop on the Impact of Global Climate
Change on the Arctic Coastal Zones. Jointly organ-
ized by the international organizations LOICZ, IASC,
IHDP and AMAP.
1-3 October 2007, Polar Environmental Centre,
Tromsø, Norway.
The Arctic organisations IASC (International Arctic
Science Commitee) and AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and
Assessment Progarmme), together with LOICZ,
the Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone
core research project of the IGBP (International
Geosphere Biosphere Progarmme) and the IHDP
(International H uman Dimensions Progarmme on
Global Environmental Change), will jointly organise a
12
I N P R I N T
2007/1
,,Biogeochemistry of coastal seas and continental
Workshop on Integrating biogeochemical processes
shelves" Session during the EGU meeting 1520
and fish dynamics in food web models for end-to-end
April in Vienna
conceptualisation of marine ecosystems
Helmuth Thomas and Alberto Borges
ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 2526 November 2007
The session aims at fostering our understanding of the
roles of coastal environments and of exchange
Objectives Goals Scope
processes along the terrestrial coastal sea open
The workshop is devoted to the integration of food web
ocean continuum in global biogeochemical cycles.
models with biogeochemical models for an ecosystem
During the session recent advancements in the field of
approach to marine resources. This activity is intended to
coastal and shelf biogeochemistry will be discussed.
give broad and general insights on the food web model-
Contributions focusing on carbon and nutrient and all
ling by means of the software package Ecopath with
other element's cycles in coastal, shelf and shelf break
Ecosim, and possibly some exercises and examples will
environments are invited.
be shown. Lectures will present experiences in linking
biogeochemical models outputs with food web models,
Details can be found under:
for an end-to-end conceptualisation of ecosystems. This
h t t p : / / m e e t i n g s . c o p e r n i c u s . o r g / e g u 2 0 0 7 / or by con-
is intended both to provide basics on these tools to sci-
t a c t i n g
Helmuth Thomas, Dalhousie University,
entific investigators interested in studying and managing
Canada, helmuth.thomas@dal.ca
marine resources and to enhance discussion on possible
solutions for best coupling low level representations
with approaches focussed on high trophic levels.
The workshop includes: 1. theoretical introduction to the
mass-balance routine Ecopath and to data requirements
and sources for building the model; 2. overview of first
outputs of the model, evaluation of indicators of per-
formance and descriptive of ecosystem status; 3.
description of methods for incorporating uncertainty into
models; 4. theoretical basis on the time-dynamic routine
Ecosim and of the use of time series to calibrate the
model; 5. methods for assessing performance of fish-
eries on the basis of ecological, economic and social
indicators; using Ecosim for policy exploration; 6. pos-
sible use of the model for end to end conceptualization of
marine ecosystem and, possibly, of ecosystem approach
to marine resource.
This Workshop is a side activity of the 6th European
Conference of Ecological Modelling (ECEM), to be held
on November 26-30, 2007 at ICTP- Trieste. Organized by
the OGS - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di
Geofisica Sperimentale and the European Society of
Ecological Modelling (ESEM), hosted by ICTP T h e
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical
P h y s i c s .
Maximum number of participants is fixed to 30 individu-
als. Applicants will be selected on the basis of filled
IMBER LOICZ Continental Margins Open Science
application form and CV. Participation to the workshop of
Conference
applicants from emerging countries is encouraged and
IMBER and LOICZ are jointly organizing this Continental
available funding is provided for supporting participants
from disadvantaged countries. Interested applicants
Margins Conference to provide a discussion platform for
should contact the organizing committee via email:
highlighting the most recent advances in the field and try
e - m a i l @ e . m a i l . c i a p a .
to identify emerging directions and future research chal-
lenges. The conference is open to all students and
Applicants from emerging countries (define here EC),
scientists involved in biogeochemical cycles and ecosys-
post-doc and students can apply for a grant for support-
tems in the continental margins.
ing their participation to the workshop. Due to the limited
Please have a look at the conferences website:
amount of funds available early subscription is strongly
https://www.confmanager.com/main.cfm?cid=792
encouraged.
13
Call for research proposals concerned with
The backbone of LOICZ: affiliated projects
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
LOICZ has a mandate to address key issues of coastal
LOICZ seeks to expand its network of scientists by en-
change and use in the context of scenarios of future
dorsing research activities concerned with any of its priority
human activity and environmental change. L O I C Z
topics on a global, regional or national level. Within these
endorses and seeks to support both fundamental
topics LOICZ strives to develop:
coastal zone research and research that synthesises
and up-scales results for dissemination within the
· methodologies or models that allow data assimi-
scientific community, and outreach to policy makers
lation, processing and synthesis, including up and/or
and the public. An important part of this research is car-
down scaling;
ried out by scientists who affiliate their projects to
· scenarios of change and/or response to change in
LOICZ thereby becoming part of the global network of
LOICZ. These projects build the backbone for up- and
socio-ecological systems;
down-scaling of LOICZ results and the LOICZ synthesis.
· scientific context for the evaluation of existing poli-
cies and structures;
· globally applicable tools for scientific synthesis,
LOICZ provides a forum to assimilate, integrate and syn-
thesise the outputs of its affiliated projects. Additionally,
decision support and structure development; and
it provides an opportunity to communicate and dissemi-
· dissemination interfaces to provide information and
nate these outputs making them available not only to
assist sustainable coastal development on appropriate
other scientists, but also the public, decision-makers
scales.
and managers. Information on affiliated projects is held
in a central database that is accessible online through
To achieve this, LOICZ is calling for proposals to bring high
the LOICZ website. It makes basic information and
quality research activities into the LOICZ cluster of affiliated
regular updates available to the wider community as
projects. As well as fundamental science projects, LOICZ
well as to LOICZ for its reporting requirements.
also seeks projects that have a multidisciplinary perspective,
especially combining natural and social sciences. Projects
Once a project has been entered to the database by its
can have global, regional or local scales and be focused on
Principle Investigator (PI), it will be reviewed by the IPO
coastal sciences and/or coastal management. Projects that
and the coordinator of the theme/topic it is contributing
collaborate with other Earth Science System Partnership
to most. As soon as the project is accepted it will appear
(ESSP) projects, especially with other Core Projects of IHDP
in the public part of the database. This lean procedure al-
and IGBP, are sought in particular, as well as projects that
lows LOICZ to maintain an up-to-date record of global
synthesise and analyse research outcomes already available
research activity that relates to the LOICZ Science Plan
or involve dissemination and outreach that will lead to better
as well as ensure that affiliated projects are given op-
public knowledge. Details about projects already affiliated to
portunity to fully participate in LOICZ activities such as
LOICZ can be found in the LOICZ Project database accessi-
workshops and joint projects.
ble through the LOICZ website. Although LOICZ cannot
offer funding to affiliated projects, its endorsement provides
the following benefits:
M o r e o v e r, the database accomplishes an essential el-
ement that applies for all LOICZ interdisciplinary studies
within and beyond the project namely data sharing and
· support in proposing for funding;
exchange. To facilitate this exchange LOICZ has devel-
· promotion of the project and associated activities, its
oped a Data Policy to help affiliated projects and LOICZ
contributing team, outputs and outcomes through the
to fully benefit from each other. Both documents, the
LOICZ website and/or newsletter;
Terms of Reference for affiliated activities and the Data
· contribution to workshops, conferences and meet-
Policy, can be found on the LOICZ website.
ings organised by LOICZ and hence establish linkages
to other projects operating in similar fields and/or
LOICZ protects its community members by restricting
addressing similar issues; and
access to contact details in the public part of the data-
· access to a wide circle of information related to fund-
base. But every community member and person
ing and the science community that is available
interested in the activities affiliated to LOICZ is invited
through the LOICZ database.
to register and then view full contact details and be able
to submit and edit own projects. As the database is
Researchers whose work fits into the LOICZ portfolio are
linked to the LOICZ contact database, all newsletter re-
encouraged to submit proposals to the LOICZ IPO as soon
cipients are already recorded. If you wish to receive
as possible. The required form is accessible after registra-
your login name and password for the database, please
tion to the LOICZ project database and additional informa-
do not use the form as shown in Figure 1, but send us an
tion can be obtained from the LOICZ website or via contact-
email to loicz.ipo@loicz.org
ing the LOICZ IPO.
14
I N P R I N T
2007/1
The server will also offer space for the new LOICZ website
Do we hold your current contact details?
which is currently in planning process by Maike and Barbe
and the project database which then can be administrated
To receive LOICZ INPRINT it is sufficient that we know
directly from the LOICZ IPO.
your email address, or if you receive the newsletter in
hardcopy your postal address. But there is much more
information available at the LOICZ IPO that does not
IPO staff changes
make it into the newsletter, for various reasons. If you
are interested in receiving information targeted to
Mission accomplished
your field of expertise, please request your login
details from us and update your profile online.
Over the last 1.5 years I was a regular
member of the LOICZ IPO staff and
Figure 1: Registration form of the LOICZ
enjoyed it. My internship in Texel was
database. Recipients of LOICZ INPRINT and other active or
followed by the exiting move to the
formerly active members of the LOICZ community should
contact the IPO for registration. Everybody else is invited to fill
new location in Germany and with it a
in this form.
lot of new tasks for me. I was in-
volved in harm o n i s i n g the a d m i n i s-
t r a t i v e procedures between LOICZ
and our new host G K S S. Parallel I
w a s involved in workshop organisa-
tion and public relation which allowed
me to stay in close email exchange with the LOICZ commu-
nity. I learned a lot in these fields and am sure this knowled-
ge will help me in the future.
Although we had busy times in the office, I never lost track
of my original task: The LOICZ project database.
This database now has a new face and is available online to
support the affiliated projects. I think it is a great tool that
will become even more powerful once the LOICZ commu-
nity accustoms to use and visit it regularly.
With this task fulfilled, my mission at the LOICZ IPO is
accomplished and I am leaving the team end of March to
LOICZ Notes
pursue my own scientific career and hopefully will start a
The LOICZ Regional Node in Singapore will hold the first
PhD later this year. I enjoyed being part of this dynamic
workshop for the APN funded project
,,Integrated
team and am sure I will remain an active member of the
Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Areas in the
LOICZ community in the future.
Southeast Asia and East Asia Region" from 3rd to 4th
March.
How time flies when one is enjoying oneself
The workshop will involve mainly the S E A and E A collabo-
rators named in the project document (Cambodia 1;
...it hardly seems as if 3 years
Indonesia 1; Malaysia 1; Philippines 3; Singapore 1,
have passed since joining the IPO.
Thailand 2; Vietnam 2, Japan 1) who will be funded by
What a time it has been that has
this project grant. Also, DINAS-COAST and LOICZ-IPO/SSC
seen the production of the SPIS,
collaborators will be participating.
Synthesis book and the start of a
new generation of R&S series that
IPO Notes
firmly establish the second genera-
tion of LOICZ activity. It has been a
The future of the LOICZ Typology
good time to be involved in LOICZ and for me personally ex-
Following up on the conceptualising workshop for the
tremely gratifying to be able to work and interact with an
LOICZ Typology (see INPRINT 2006/3) the new server was
SSC, past and present that I think constitutes an amazing
installed successfully early this year. Our new intern
group of people. Amazing maybe but not always plain sailing
Christoph Sebald together with Gisbert Breitbach from
to work with with such greatness sometimes comes the
GKSS will now prepare the server to allow LOICZ in a first
frustration of dealing with people who one wonders how
step to mirror the database hosted by the Kansas Geological
they manage to put on matching socks each morning, and
Survey (KGS). Christoph will work on setting up a GIS work-
I'm pretty sure often don't. And that is just the beginning;
place in the LOICZ IPO and will conduct work relating to the
space does not allow me to elaborate further. And for my
LOICZ Typology in close collaboration with colleagues from
colleagues in the IPO, it has been fun working with you, and
KGS.
with Hartwig and his enthusiasm I can only say thanks.
15
The decision to leave had a mixture of reasons, but pre-
In collaboration and support with our colleagues in Kansas,
dominantly that, with the IPO now established in a new
I will work on setting up a GIS workplace at the LOICZ IPO
home and a path set for the future direction of its activities,
in Geesthacht, Germany. This then should lead to work on a
it was time to leave the job to others better suited to the
project of the LOICZ Typology, possibly even 'The use of
new demands and find new avenues. As many of you know,
river basins as a georeference base for environmental data'.
I am also part of a small consultancy company and we are
I am looking forward to the opportunity of learning a great
busy working in, and developing, a wide range of coastal
deal from people engaged in LOICZ and GKSS.
oriented projects, some of which are affiliated to LOICZ so
the association does not end and I am sure will continue and
Publications
even grow. With this continued association I hope to remain
in contact with many of you and look forward to being part
The environment in Asia Pacific harbours
of the continuing success of LOICZ.
Eric Wolanski (ed.)
2006, XX, 497 p., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-1-4020-3654-5
Jürgen Weichselgartner joins the team
Worldwide, urbanization has already
reached unprecedented levels in the
Dr. Jürgen Weichselgartner joined the
estuarine and coastal zone. This is
LOICZ IPO as Senior Science
particularly the case in the Asia Pacific
Coordinator on 1st March 2007, to pro-
region where mega-cities and mega-
mote, coordinate and implement the
harbours have developed and are still
research activities of LOICZ worldwide
growing. As a result environmental
along the decisions and guidance of the
degradation is significant and grow-
SSC. Jürgen studied geography,
ing. This book details how science can
political science, and ethnology in
provide solutions so that economic
and social d e v e l o p m e n t s c a n be
Heidelberg, Malta, Santander and Bonn
ecologically sustainable. This book
(MSc 1997) and completed his Ph.D.
demonstrates the different solutions
research (2001) at Bonn University with a system-theoretical
and pitfalls, successes and failures in
analysis of the social discussion of natural risks. Before
a large number of ports and harbours
joining the LOICZ IPO, he worked at Harvard University,
in the Asia Pacific Region, and this will
Tokyo University, and the I nternational Institute for
be based on science and aimed at management.
Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
It has won a UN Ocean Atlas award for excellence.
He conducted research on risk perception, disaster
management, social vulnerability, and system analysis in
UNESCO/IOC announced a new manual
various European and Asian countries and published
A handbook for measuring the progress and outcomes
of integrated coastal and ocean management
several articles, book chapters, and books. His current
research interests include social global change process e s
· The handbook aims to con-
tribute to the sustainable devel-
and knowledge systems. We i c h s e l g a r t n e r is a recipient of
opment of coastal and marine
the PhD Prize of the Franzke'sche Foundation Berlin, a
areas by promoting a more out-
Feodor Lynen Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt
come-oriented, accountable and
Foundation, two research fellowships from the Japan
adaptive approach to ICOM.
Society for the Promotion of Science, and an ERASMUS and
two Marie Curie Fellowships from the European
· It provides a step-by-step
Commission.
guide to help users in develop-
ing, selecting and applying a common set of governance, eco-
We welcome Jürgen Weichselgartner in the LOICZ team.
logical and socioeconomic indicators to measure, evaluate and
report on the progress and outcomes of ICOM interventions.
Strong support for LOICZ Typology
· Intended as a generic tool with no prescriptive character, the
My name is Christoph Sebald and I am
handbook proposes analytical frameworks and indicators that
about to start my training with LOICZ
form the basis for the customized design of sets of indicators.
in April 2007. In the follow-up of this
· The handbook also includes results, outcomes and lessons
summer's training period I will continue
learned from eight pilot case studies conducted in several
working with LOICZ towards my Master
countries. A network of ICOM experts in these countries has
Thesis hopefully by conducting the Geo-
also been established.
information Science and Earth Obser-
· The target audience is wide, and includes coastal and ocean
vation for Environmental Modelling and
managers, practitioners, evaluators and researchers.
Management (GEM) Erasmus Mundus
· The handbook forms part of an IOC toolkit on indicators. Its
Master programme.
preparation is part of an effort to promote the developmentand
Prior to the current basic & advanced training in GIS I have
use of ICOM indicators led by the Intergovernmental
completed my undergrad studies in Human Geography with
Oceanographic Commission, the Department of Fisheries and
The Open University (Milton Keynes, UK). Before and during
Oceans of Canada and the U.S. National Oceanic and
this time I was mainly working for the car manufacturing
Atmospheric Administration.
branch, as well as governmental bodies.
Download http://ioc3.unesco.org/icam/
16
I N P R I N T
2007/1
Update us so we can update you
LOICZ INPRINT informs you about the LOICZ Project and its activities. But LOICZ has access to much more
information and wants to make this information available to you as effectively as possible. To be able to provide you with
LOICZ information that fits your expertise and interests most, we need input from your side telling us what your inter-
ests in LOICZ are and how we can contact you.
Please complete the following form where applicable and return by fax, post or e-mail to the LOICZ IPO.
(An electronic version of this form can also be found on www.loicz.org under Newsletter.)
First name:
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Organization/Institution:
Address:
Place:
Postal code:
Phone (include country code):
Fax (include country code):
e-mail:
(Organization's) website:
Field of expertise:
Please indicate which LOICZ theme(s)* you are contributing to:
Theme 1
Theme 2
Theme 3
Theme 4
Theme 5
Please indicate which LOICZ key topic(s)** you are interested in:
Topic 1
Topic 2
Topic 3
other
How do you want to receive the LOICZ Newsletter in the future?
hardcopy
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*
More detailed information on the LOICZ Research Themes is available in the Science Plan on the
LOICZ website (www.loicz.org)
** Detailed descriptions of the topics are featured in first issue of INPRINT and on the website
Please return this form by:
·
e-mail to loicz.ipo@loicz.org
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fax to
+49(0)4152 87 2040
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mail to
LOICZ IPO GKSS Research Centre
Institute for Coastal Research
Max-Planck-Strasse 1
D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
17
18
I N P R I N T
2007/1
The website provides a mixture of daily news and analysis, cou-
Have you seen
pled with opinion articles and research highlights. The forum is
MAIRS
accessible through http://environmentalresearchweb.org
MAIRS is a new international research organization. It has been im-
Update us so we can update you
plemented by START, the START TEA-RC and Chinese donors. It
collaborates with the Earth System Science Partnership Programs:
LOICZ INPRINT informs you about the LOICZ Project
IGBP, WCRP, IHDP and DIVERSITAS. Different from other mon-
and its activities. But LOICZ has access to much more
soon research projects, MAIRS will not address the monsoon cli-
information and wants to make this information avail-
mate itself, but focus on human monsoon system interaction. It at-
able to you as effectively as possible. To be able to pro-
tempts to understand to what extent the human activities modula-
vide you with LOICZ information that fits your expert-
te the Asia monsoon climate and how the changed monsoon cli-
ise and interests most, we need input from your side
mate will impact further the social and economic development of
telling us what your interests in LOICZ are and how
Asia. MAIRS will also study to what extent societies can adapt to
we can contact you. Please complete the form on
such impacts or mitigate them through regulating policies, law and
page 21.
institutions in order to achieve the sustainable development.
Contact:
Calendar
Frits Penning de Vries, Executive Director International Program
Office Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study (MAIRS), Institute
,,Biogeochemistry of coastal seas and continental shelves" to be
of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)
held during the EGU meeting in Vienna, 1520 April 2007.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qijiahuozi Huayanli 40
http://meetings.copernicus.org/egu2007/
PO Box 9804, Beijing, 100029, PR China
Global Assessments: Bridging Scales & Linking to Policy
tel +86-10-62019536, fax +86-10-62036133
911 May, 2007; Washington, DC More information can be found
fritspdv@mairs-essp.org http://www.mairs-essp.org
under www.tias-web.info and www.watermatex2007.org
XXII International Coastal Conference ,,Management and sustain-
anble Development Problems of the nearshore Zone" 16th20th
The first African Marine Atlas was officially launched on 23 Feb
May, 2007 Gelendzhik, Krasnodar region,
2007 at the Project Office of the International Oceanographic Data
RUSSIA www.icc07.coastdyn.ru
and Information Exchange (IODE) in Ostend, Belgium. T h e
5th Study Conference on BALTEX
Atlas was developed by the Ocean Data and Information Network
http://www.baltex-research.eu/ Island of Saaremaa,
for Africa (ODINAFRICA) with support from the Intergov-
Estonia, 48 June 2007
ernmental Oceanographic Commission's (IOC) of UNESCO and
Draft Conference Programme available on
the Government of Flanders, Belgium. The African Marine Atlas
http://www.gkss.de/baltex/baltex_frame_builder.html
can be accessed at http://iodeweb2.vliz.be/omap/OMAP/index.htm
A very visible truth Climate Change at the Coast, to be held at
and provides substantial maps, images, data and information to
Cardiff University with Ministerial welcome and a varied and
coastal resource managers, planners and decision-makers from
interesting p r o g r a m m e.
Provisional date 22n d June 2007.
various administrative institutions and specialized agencies in
http://www.coastnet.org.uk/
Africa.
ERF 2007: Science and Management: Observations/
Syntheses/Solutions Providence, Rhode Island, USA, November
What`s new on the web
48, 2007 http://www.erf.org/meetings.html
Launch of Environmental Research Letters
,,1st International Conference on Adaptive & Integrated Water
Following the recent launch of Environmental Research Letters
Management: Coping with complexity and uncertainty" (CAIWA
(ERL) the first complete online issue is now permanently free to
2007) will be held November 1215, 2007 in Basel, Switzerland.
read at http://herald.iop.org/ERL/m85/rsm//link/519.
http://www.usf.uos.de/projects/caiwa/index.htm
ERL is the world's first open-access, electronic-only journal to
The 6th European Conference on Ecological Modelling,
cover the whole of environmental science.
ECEM'07 ,,Challenges for ecological modelling in a changing
world: Global Changes, Sustainability and Ecosystem Based
For full information about submitting work to ERL, please visit the
Management" November 2730, 2007, Trieste, Italy
journal homepage at http://erl.iop.org or contact Dr De Blanger,
http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/ecem07/
erl@iop.org.
The Nordic Countries invite you to the 33rd International Geo-
New website for the Western Pacific Marginal Sea
logical C ongress Oslo 2008
Oslo, August 514, 2008
A new website for the Western Pacific Marginal Sea Large River
More information and flyer download can be found on:
and Delta System is online. You can click the Bohai Sea, Yellow
http://www.33igc.org/
Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea to access the bibliogra-
phic data for the Yellow, Yangtze, Pearl, Red, and Mekong, etc.
XIIIth World Water Congress Montpellier, France 14 September
2008
http://www.meas.ncsu.edu/sealevel/pacific/
http://wwc2008.msem.univ-montp2.fr/
Note: whether you are able to access to the full text files or not
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS (DEADLINE: 31 March 2007)
depends on your institution's e-journal subscriptions.
New forum online
For more meetings and regular updates please
Environmentalresearchweb is an online forum, designed to help
also visit the LOICZ website www.loicz.org
you to stay on top of developments in environmental science.
19
Publication details
LOICZ in brief
The LOICZ Newsletter is produced three times per
LOICZ aims to provide science that contributes
year to provide news and information regarding LOICZ
towards understanding the Earth system in order to
activities. The views and opinions in this newsletter do
inform, educate and contribute to the sustainability of
not necessarily represent the position of LOICZ or its
the world's coastal zone. LOICZ is a core project of the
sponsoring organizations.
International Geopsphere-Biospere Programme
(IGBP) and the International Human Dimensions
Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP).
Published and edited by:
The Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone
The LOICZ IPO is hosted by the Institute of Coastal
International Project Office
Research at GKSS Research Centre which is part of
the Helmholtz foundation.
Design:
LOICZ research as outlined in the science plan and im-
plementation strategy is organised around five
Hester Whyte
themes:
Printing and lay-out:
· Vulnerability of coastal systems and hazards to
GKSS-Hausdruckerei, Geesthacht, Germany
society
· Implications of global change for coastal eco-
Photographs and illustration:
systems and sustainable development
The illustration of the coastal zone on the front page is
made by the artist Glynn Gorick, UK, 2005 and com-
missioned by LOICZ/IGBP. The photographs on the
· Human influences on river-basin-coastal zone inter-
front and back page of this newsletter are copyright to
action
Martin Le Tissier.
· Biogeochemical cycles of coastal and shelf waters
Contact:
GKSS Research Centre, LOICZ IPO
· Towards coastal system sustainability by managing
Institute for Coastal Research
land-ocean interactions
Max-Planck-Str. 1
21502 Geesthacht, Germany
The Science Plan and Implementation Strategy is
phone: +49-4152-872009 · fax: +49-4152-872040
available electronically on the LOICZ website and in
e-mail: loicz.ipo@loicz.org · internet: www.loicz.org
hard copy at the LOICZ IPO.
Get involved
If you wish to contribute to LOICZ INPRINT please send an e-mail to: loicz.ipo@loicz.org or visit the LOICZ
website www.loicz.org for article requirements.
If you have a project you would like to affiliate to LOICZ please go to www.loicz.org and click on research
for detailed information.