RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
RAF/92/G32 - POLLUTION CONTROL AND OTHER MEASURES TO
PROTECT BIODIVERSITY IN LAKE TANGANYIKA
Progress Report No. 10
June - August 1998
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
Contents
1. PROJECT CO-ORDINATION UNIT
3
1.1 Project Co-ordinator and Scientific Liaison Officer
3
1.2 Technical Officer
9
1.3 Station reports
9
2. REPORTS OF SPECIAL STUDY GROUPS
10
2.1 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for "Biodiversity" Special Study and "Conservation
Activities"
10
2.2 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Fishing Practices Special Study
15
2.3 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Legal and Institutional Component
18
2.4 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Special Study on Sediment Discharge and Its
Consequences
21
2.5 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Special Study on Pollution and its Effects on
Biodiversity.
24
2.6 Progress report: June - August 1998 for Socio-economics and Environmental Education
components
28
2.7 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for GIS and database management.
29
2.8 APPENDICES
32
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1. Project Co-ordination Unit
1.1 Project Co-ordinator and Scientific Liaison Officer
1.1.1 General Summary
June through August has been a very active period with a number of important project
activities taking place including the third meeting of the Project Steering Committee in
August.
The quarter began with several large events. LTBP sponsored a week's worth of
activities in and around Kigoma to commemorate World Environment Day, the 5 June
1998. Co-ordinated by Mr. Bart Tarimo (Environmental Education Co-ordinator for
Tanzania) and a local steering committee of Kigoma-based authorities, the project visited
six villages in and around Kigoma to: show videos promoting Lake Tanganyika and
environmental awareness, sponsor clean-up activities and promote local improvement
initiatives. The weeks' activities culminated on the 5 June 1998 with a large procession
of more than 700 schoolchildren, members of the community and local authorities who
attended cultural activities and speeches in honour of World Environment Day.
An international training course, The Nyanza Project resided in Kigoma from 1 June ­
10 July 1998. An intensive introduction to the geology, limnology and biology of
African lakes, nine African undergraduate students representing all four of
Tanganyika's riparian nations attended the course with sponsorship from LTBP. The
students attended lectures and laboratory sessions, participated on field trips and
conducted independent or group research projects under the supervision of a team of
international experts in the fields of geology, limnology and biology of Tropical Great
Lakes.
From 2-10 July 1998, Bujumbura hosted a BIOSS workshop for francophone affiliates.
More than twenty Burundian and Congolese participants attended lectures covering a
range of topics including: "What is Biodiversity and Why Should We Conserve It?",
various aspects of the biology and ecology of the Tanganyika ecosystem, establishing
and conserving biological collections, the merits of various diversity indices and
managing biological databases. Field exercises reinforced the participants' previous
training (Aug-Oct 1997) in habitat mapping and faunal censuses using SCUBA. The
participants strengthened their skills in the taxonomy and identification of Tanganyikan
fish and invertebrates through field and laboratory activities. The workshop delegation
was welcomed to Rusizi National Park in Burundi where they received a tour and
discussed both local and global conservation issues.
In addtion; renovations began on the Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie in Uvira,
RD Congo. The station also received a project vehicle (Toyota dual cab pick-up), a semi-
rigid inflatable boat with engine, and some laboratory and field equipment, including
dive gear. Other equipment destined for the station is in store in Bujumbura awaiting
completion of the renovations. Unfortunately in early August the rebellion in eastern
D.R. Congo swept the town of Uvira. Project activities at the Centre de Recherche en
Hydrobiologie, including renovation of the Centre and field activities by BIOSS and
PSS teams were suspended. We have news from our affiliates in Uvira, however, that all
our Congolese colleagues are well and the LTBP losses are currently negligible.
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Although the process of selecting the four special study facilitators has taken longer
than anyone would have wished, we are now able to report that from a broad range of
applicants from within and outside the region the selection and UNOPS approval
process is complete and all but the socio-economist will be coming to the region in early
October to take up their posts. The socio-economist will follow in December. The
selected individuals are:
Dr Richard Paley
Biodiversity, to be based in Kigoma
Dr John Adam Dorr Fishing Practices, to be based in Bujumbura
Dr Olivier Drieu.
Sedimentation, to be based in Mpulungu
Mr David Hoyle
Socio-economics and Environmental Education, base to be
determined but will start in Bujumbura.
Within the region an assistant to the National Co-ordinator for Zambia has been
selected, Mr Godfrey Chitalu, who will combine this post with that of Socio-Economic
Co-ordinator. Tanzania will advertise for an assistant to the National Coordinator
shortly.
The Bujumbura Station recruited a Burundian national full time with the principal task
of translating project documents (French-English, English-French) for the project.
Owing to the quite large volume of documents now being generated by the project this is
the most cost effective means of getting the work done.
As planned the SLO moved her base of operations from Kigoma, Tanzania to
Bujumbura, Burundi in an effort to push forward activities in the francophone countries.
The first issue of Lakeside, LTBP's newsletter, was finally printed and distributed and
work has begun on the second issue
1.1.2 Training Needs Assessment Report
The report of the Training Needs Assessment (TNA) exercise was received in August.
This is a comprehensive working document based on extensive consultation by the
consultants with project staff and stakeholders in all four riparian states. It lays out a
strategy and guide-lines for activities that fit in well with the project purpose and
philosophy, stressing as it does the need for all training inititatives to address one or
more of the following priorities: (not necessarily in this order)
PRIORITY
TRAINING WHICH:
1
refers directly to the Project Goal and Objectives be regarded as a priority
2
enhances communications within the LTBP Team and between Key
Stakeholders. Thus regional workshops between stakeholder groups of one
type, and national workshops between several stakeholder groups, where
experiences are shared and management actions are planned, should be seen as
a priority. Short courses and workshops on training and communication skills
will also contribute to this priority.
3
provides knowledge and understanding of Lake issues. There is an urgent need
to inform and involve the key stakeholders in the LTBP project and SAP since
they cannot be expected to be committed to sustainable management of the
Lake unless they are aware of the way that the Lake works and the way in
which their actions may affect it.
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4
enables research (SS) teams to be able to complete the research cycle. The
technical and research teams need to look at their research in a broad way to
gain a concept of why they are carrying it out and how the results might be
significantly used in Lake management.
5
enables research to be translated into policy and management activities. This
translation of scientific findings must be conducted by the researchers together
with the Socio-economic and EE team in order to build a meaningful awareness
programme for Primary Stakeholders and decision makers and to build an
environmental education policy and strategy which includes realistic activities.
6
helps the establishment of a core group of people who will be working at the
lakeshore in each country and who will feel responsible for the management of
the Lake and the sustainability of its biodiversity. Workshops and Short
Courses of Training of Trainers will ensure a multiplier effect and the fostering
of key partners at all levels who have the capacity to act without external
direction.
The document has now been translated and will be distributed widely for comment but
as directed by the Steering Committee, action to implement the proposed work plan will
start immediately.
1.1.3 Regional Steering Committee meeting
The third meeting of the project Steering Committee took place in Arusha, Tanzania at
the International Conference Centre (AICC) on the 12th August 1998. Delegations from
all four countries attended although unfortunately owing to last minute commitments
only two delegations were represented at the Principal Secretary level. Full minutes of
the meeting have been distributed and are available from the National Co-ordinators.
Suffice it to report here that the meeting was most productive and a number of important
resolutions were agreed upon. Of particular importance to the delegates was the need for
the delayed mid-term evaluation to take place as soon as possible in order that the need
for an extension of the project period be considered. The need for a one year extension
expressed at the Steering committee meeting in January was reiterated at this meeting.
The meeting also reviewed its own terms of reference and those of the National
Working Groups in light of the terms of reference of the proposed National Steering
Committee that were also formulated at this meeting.
In addition and taking cognisance of the recommendations of the TNA report the
committee agreed that a Regional Training and Communications Facilitator be
employed, from within the region, as soon as possible and that the assisting Country
Training Liaison Officers be drawn from existing project personnel.
1.1.4 Strategic Action Plan (SAP)
The process of developing the SAP has continued with a series of national preparatory
meetings and workshops and with the regional Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
Strategic Planning Team meeting, held in Arusha.
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The programme is effectively on schedule and can be expected to develop the first draft
of the SAP at the proposed January 1999 workshop, for presentation to the SC in
March 1999.
However, the present conflict in DR Congo, may limit the full incorporation of the DR
Congo in the first draft of the SAP. As the situation is resolved, the incorporation of DR
Congo could become the trigger for the second iteration of the SAP planning process,
which would also take note of the research outputs that would have taken place
following the preparation of the draft SAP in January 1999.
1.1.4.1 Workshop Progress
The programme is following the seven steps endorsed by the Steering Committee in
January 1998:
National Working Group Planning Meetings; National Sectoral Problem Review;
National Environmental Priorities and Strategies Review; Regional TAC SAP Planning
Meeting; Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis; Preparation of the Draft SAP;
Presentation of the Sap to the Steering Committee.
B
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National Working Group Planning Meetings;
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National Sectoral Problem Review
Yes
Yes
National Environmental Priorities and Strategies Review
Yes
Regional TAC SAP Planning Meeting
Yes
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
Preparation of the Draft SAP
Presentation of the Sap to the Steering Committee
1.1.4.2 Zambia
The first five day planning workshop "The National Sectoral Problem Review" was
held in Lusaka from 29 June to 3 July. The meeting was attended by representatives
from 17 different national and local institutions.
The meeting prepared an outline matrix of Specific Problems, grouped under the three
general action areas of "Reducing fishing pressure; controlling pollution; and
controlling sedimentation". The matrix included a series of actions to counteract each
specific problem, and identified the key agency and indicated whether there were time or
resource conflicts in implementing these actions1.
Following on from this initial meeting, a second workshop was held between 31 August
and 3 September. This meeting reviewed the progress that had been made at the first
meeting, and incorporated additional points in the matrix relating to review or revision of
regulatory tools such as policy, legislation and regulations. The final output of the
national consultation process was to prioritise ­ from a national perspective ­ the

1 Conclusions of the National Sectoral Problem Review ­ Guidelines for the National Environmental
Strategies and priorities Review; Zambia July 1998.
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specific problems within each general action area, effectively defining a national strategy
to addressing the lake related problems2.
Background papers covering various aspects of the lake management and policy and
regulation were prepared for the meetings. The meetings were facilitated by Nicholas
Hodgson, with the support of Andy Menz and in the second workshop Jean Paul
Ledant.
1.1.4.3 Burundi
The National Working Group Planning meeting was held as a one day event on 30
June. The meeting adopted the process of developing the SAP as endorsed by the
Steering Committee in January 19983.
The meeting identified key individuals and institutions that would be expected to be
involved in the process, and set dates for the two proposed meetings. The meeting was
facilitated by Jean Paul Ledant with the support of Kelly West.
1.1.4.4 DR Congo
The National Working Group Planning Meeting was held in Kinshasa on 13/14 July.
The meeting agreed on a national consultation timetable, on individual and institutional
representation in the consultation in the national development process, and on subjects
and authors for the background papers for the first workshop4.The meeting was
facilitated by Jean Paul Ledant, with the support from Nicholas Hodgson.
However, the outbreak of renewed fighting in DR Congo on August 2 may limit the full
involvement of DR Congo representatives in developing the Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis and the Draft Strategic Action Plan. It will not, however, delay the preparation
of the SAP.
As a result of the initial national meetings held in Kinshasa it is clear that their range of
problems and the potential responsive actions are similar to those of the three other
riparian countries. The overall SAP programme is therefore not likely to preclude any
interventions that DR Congo would require.
If full involvement of DR Congo is not possible for the first iteration of the SAP, then it
is clear that the SAP will have to include agreed procedures for the future inclusion of
DR Congo when the situation has normalised. DR Congo would then become fully
involved in the future iterations of the SAP and the future management of the lake and
national and regional LTBP related development programmes.
It should be noted, however, that every effort is being made to hold a national problem
review workshop for Congo in spite of the current circumstances. Currently were are
hoping bring representatives to Dar es Salaam and hold the meeting there.

2 Conclusions of the National Consultation Process for the Regional Strategic Action Plan; Zambia
September 1998. APPENDIX 1.
3 L'Analyse Diagnostique Nationale: objectifs, fondements et directives; Bujumbura July 1998
Conclusions de la ræunion de la planification du Groupe de Travail National; Bujumbura July 1998.
APPENDIX 3
4 Conclusions de la ræunion de la planification du Groupe de Travail National ­ Preparation de
l'atelier d'Analyse Diagnostique Nationale; Kinshasa July 1998. APPENDIX 4
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1.1.4.5 Tanzania
The National Sectoral Problem Review workshop was held at the Kilimanjaro Hotel in
Dar es Salaam from 28 to 31 July. The National Co-ordinator, Mr R P Yonazi, chaired
the workshop, with participants from National and local government institutions, from
NGOs and from the private sector.
Background papers were presented by the participants and discussed before the
workshop went into a detailed review of the lake management problems. The Tanzanian
participants adopted the format developed at the Zambian workshop for a three level
"Analytical Problem Matrix". The basic matrix was completed at the workshop and the
objectives for the second meeting defined5.
The workshop identified areas of policy, legislation and regulation that would be
reviewed in background papers prior to the second workshop, scheduled for September.
The workshop was facilitated by Nicholas Hodgson, with the support of Jean Paul
Ledant and Andy Menz.
1.1.5 The Regional TAC SAP Planning Meeting
This one day meeting followed on from the Steering Committee held on 12 August in
Arusha. The meeting was chaired by Mr Maembe (Director of Fisheries ­ Tanzania).
The meeting was taken through the concepts of the SAP and procedures that had been
agreed in January and endorsed by the January Steering Committee.
The main objective of the meeting was to agree on an appropriate date and venue for the
October/November TDA workshop and the January Draft SAP workshop. The second
objective was to get the four countries to agree to a balanced representation of qualified
individuals who would represent them in the regional consultation and negotiation
process, and who would be able to carry the process forward, preferably with few
changes in team composition.
In addition, the national preparation needs were also discussed, as a preliminary exercise
that would have to be carried out in advance of the TDA.
The TORs of the TAC were agreed and amended to the following: Carrying out the
TDA review; Establishing priorities for action; and Drafting the SAP.
The TDA was proposed for October 12 to 16 and the Draft Sap for 18 to 22 January
1999. Both meetings were to be held in Arusha.
The meeting was facilitated by Nicholas Hodgson, with the support of Andy Menz and
Kelly West.
Reports of meetings held to date are given at Appendices 1. - 4
1.1.6 Goals for the Next Quarter
The specific goals for the next quarter include:
September 7 Burundi National Sectoral Problem Review
September 14 Congo National Sectoral Problem Review
September 21 Tanzania National Sectoral Problem Review
October 12 Regional TDA
November 16 Congo National Sectoral Problem Review
November 23 Burundi National Sectoral Problem Review

5 Conclusions of the National Sectoral Problem Review - Guidelines for the National Environmental
Strategies and Priorities Review; Dar es Salaam July 1998 APPENDIX 2
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The project will prepare reports following each national meeting and will be preparing a
full report on the TDA.
1.2 Technical Officer
IT Equipment: HF radio communications equipment for all four riparian stations
arrived in Dar es Salaam and have now cleared customs but are still awaiting licensing.
Work continued on clearance of VHF radios for use by the Bujumbura Station.
Purchase of a Sun UNIX workstation computer for the purposes of hosting the website
was pursued. A CD-Recordable drive was deployed to the Bujumbura Station for
purposes of CD-ROM publishing.
SSG Equipment: Laboratory equipment and chemicals arrived in Bujumbura for
onward delivery to the Uvira Station.
Vehicles: Vehicles were successfully delivered to the Bujumbura and Uvira Stations.
Boats: Rigid inflatable boats and motors were received and delivered to the Bujumbura
and Uvira Stations. Three 22 foot fibreglass boats and engines are still awaiting customs
clearance.
Newsletter/Website: The first issue of Lakeside, LTBP's newsletter, was printed and
distributed -- work has begun on the second issue. The website is very close to
completion. Website hosting and CD-ROM issues have been resolved.
Duty Travel: The TO spent 15 days at the Kigoma Station, 55 days at Bujumbura
Station, and 5 days on duty-travel to the UK and 15 days on vacation.
NB: The TO can now be reached at BP 1119; Bujumbura, Burundi; Tel:+257 21 05 97;
Fax: +257 21 99 60; Email: lakeside@cbinf.com
Goals for Next Quarter:
1. Installation of the Codan HF radio units at all four field stations, if possible;
2. Mini-seminars to be conducted at each field station on the use and maintenance of all
IT and radio equipment;
3. Identification and training of one person from each station who will be in charge of
maintaining IT/Communications equipment into the future;
4. Website to be on-line and CD-ROM copies to be delivered to the region;
5. Issue No. 2 of Lakeside, LTBP's newsletter, to be printed;
6. Co-ordination of LTBP's participation in the IW:LEARN initiative will continue.
1.3 Station reports
Owing to movements and changes of personnel individual reports of activities in each of
the stations are not presented this quarter. Nevertheless all activities in the various
stations are of course reported in relevant sections throughout the report.
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2. Reports of Special Study groups
2.1 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for "Biodiversity" Special Study
and "Conservation Activities"
2.1.1 Overall Summary of Progress
The technical workshop for the BIOSS Francophone teams was held in Bujumbura,
the anglophone BIOSS teams had participated in a joint SS workshop in Kigoma in
1997. This was an important occasion to discuss the field programme strategy and
activities with senior staff from the relevant institutions: the Francophone divers had
been involved in discussions during their training in Kigoma (1997). It was clear from
the workshop that both Burundi and DR Congo have the personnel to undertake the
BIOSS field programme.
Several improvements to current sampling practice were proposed by the consultants
contracted for the workshop. Many of these have been implemented in Burundi and
this information will be disseminated to the other operational teams by the regional
facilitator when in post. It is generally agreed that as the historical fish surveys of
Burundian waters are very comprehensive, additional intensive BIOSS surveys as
planned in the regional field programme are unnecessary in these waters. Dr de Vos
has generously made his catch data from a previous project (CRRHA) available to the
project; it will be an important contribution to the BIOSS literature database.
The consultants, after discussion with BIOSS teams, proposed additional activities to
support the existing BIOSS work programme. Some of these proposals are being
investigated, namely:
· a research project to be carried out by one of the BIOSS team (probably in
Zambia) to investigate the taxonomy and ecology of shrimp, a group largely
unstudied in Lake Tanganyika;
· a research project to be carried out by one of the BIOSS team (from Burundi) on
macro-invertebrate-based biotic indices for the affluent rivers and streams;
· a guide to the fishes of Rusizi national park (links to training programme and
environmental education will be investigated as this kind of material is important
to National parks); and,
· collating a comprehensive photographic database of key species, this work will
draw on the personal resources of many international and regional scientists.
Other proposals will require outside funding, for example it is suggested that we edit a
book on the fishes of the lake basin as the existing literature is out of date.
Opportunities to seek additional funding will be investigated.
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The recruitment process for the BIOSS regional facilitator is close to completion. Final
project authorisation procedures are underway and it is hoped the candidate will be in
post early in the next quarter.
The information management aspect of BIOSS has been advanced, with the ongoing
development of the survey database as sampling protocols are finalised. The database
is currently going through a period of refinement. A plan to train a regional IT
specialist in data management for BIOSS was developed in discussions between
MRAG and Dr West. The link between BIOSS and TANGIS was discussed with
colleagues from NRI. Location data from the field programmes requested by NRI was
sought directly from each of the teams: this was an opportunity to reinforce the
regional perspective of data management to each of the national teams.
2.1.2 Chronology of Activities
June-August:Applications for BIOSS regional co-ordinator assessed and discussed.
MRAG discussed applications closely with PCU and colleagues from other SS's and
other parts of the project. A short list was drawn up and the top three candidates
were interviewed (Panel: Dr Ian Payne, Dr E Allison, Ms V Cowan, Dr Menz and Dr
West). CV of selected candidate forwarded to UNOPS for approval, which was
granted.
June: Plans for BIOSS technical workshop for Francophone teams refined in
Bujumbura and UK. Terms of reference and contracts for international consultants
prepared and agreed.
June: MRAG information technology experts and VC met with GIS team from NRI.
MRAG demonstrated BIOSS literature and survey databases and discusses data
structures including codes and requirements for data location information. NRI
presented both the meta-database and TANGIS (Lake Tanganyika GIS). The current
and anticipated capability of all systems were discussed.
Late June/Early July: Francophone Technical workshop successfully held in
Bujumbura (2 weeks). Dr E Allison led the international team of Dr Koen Martens
(invertebrate specialist), Dr Luc de Vos (non-cichlid ichthyologist), Dr Gashagaza
(cichlid ichthyologist) and the SLO, Dr Kelly West (gastropod specialist). Training
included lab-based identification techniques, underwater survey skills were observed
and refined, BIOSS team members presented work and led some discussion. Wider
issues of biodiversity and conservation were introduced and discussed. The
participants have been added to the staffing schedule below.
July: Dr Kelly West (SLO) taken through BIOSS databases developed by MRAG
while in UK. Dr West agreed to identify candidate for MRAG to train in information
management so take over maintenance of BIOSS survey and literature databases for
the region. Discussed technical approaches for MRAG to deliver the databases in
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French and English. Dr West to organise regional translation of database forms,
MRAG will develop the facility to enable users to choose either language.
July: An MRAG briefing on co-ordinating sampling programmes throughout the
region was sent to BIOSS field teams in Burundi, DR Congo and Zambia. This was
one of the outcomes of the GIS meeting in June. Maps generated from TANGIS were
sent to teams for comment on the division of coast into main areas (Burundi 3, DR
Congo 5, Tanzania 4 and Zambia 3). Current information on location of survey sites
was requested from field teams to assist in the development of TANGIS.
July: Proposals for various activities associated with BIOSS prepared and submitted
to NRI for budgetary consideration. The activities identified as needing additional
support include: second round of dive and underwater surveying training (targeted at
Parks staff); a parks workshop to draw together all SS's and conservation experts to
develop a strategy for conservation in Lake Tanganyika; training for users of BIOSS
survey database and data management so MRAG can hand over maintenance of
regional literature and survey databases; support for Zambian researchers to continue
Coulter's gill net surveys (10 year intervals); and, support for cruise of DR Congo
(assessment of potential protected areas).
August: Back to Office reports from consultants who participated in Bujumbura
workshop received. The recommendations for additional activities were assessed in
light of BIOSS strategy and budget requirements: several recommendations will be
added to the field work programme.
August:
Data from recent survey work in Burundi and progress report received
from Dr Ntakimazi, BIOSS co-ordinator.
2.1.3 Staffing Schedule
2.1.3.1 Bujumbura
Dr NTAKIMAZI, Burundian Co-ordinator
Benoît NZIGIGAHERA, cadre et biologiste chercheur à l'INECN.
Nestor NIGARURA, cadre et biologiste à l'INECN.
Ladislas HABONIMANA, Guide touristique P. Rusizi, I.N.E.C.N
Kamalebo WILONDJA Chercheur LTBP ­ Bujumbura
2.1.3.2 DR Congo
Dr Muderhwa NSHOMBO, Directeur Général, C.R.H. ­ Uvira
M. N'sibula MULIMBWA, Directeur Scientifique C.R.H. ­ Uvira
M. Diamani BWEBWA, Chercheur, C.R.H. ­ Uvira
M. Muke Syaïra MUKIRANIA, Chercheur, C.R.H. ­ Uvira
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M. Risasi D MUZUMANI, Chercheur, C.R.H. ­ Uvira
2.1.3.3 Regional Dive Team:
Tanzania
Robert
MWAKAFUMBE TAFIRI
BSAC-sport
Fadhili
KIMAMBO
TANAPA ­ Gombe
BSAC-sport
Zambia
Rueben
SHAPOLA
DoF
BSAC-sport
Charles
LUKWESA
DoF
BSAC-sport
Maybin
MWENDA
DoF
BSAC-sport
Congo
Constantin
AMUNDALA
CRH - Uvira
BSAC-sport
Patrick
BUDA
CRH - Uvira
BSAC-sport
Donatien
MUZUMANI
CRH - Uvira
BSAC-sport
Alexis
BASONGA
CRH - Uvira
BSAC-sport
Burundi
Albéric
RUGIRABIRORI technicien au Département de Biologie à
BSAC-sport
l'Université du Burundi
Bernard
SINUNUOKA
technicien au Département des Eaux et Forêts BSAC-sport
Ministère de l'Agriculture
chargé de ma maintenance du matériel de
plongée
Libére
NDAYISENGA
Chef Parc de la Rusizi
BSAC-sport
Félix
Nicayenzi
LTBP
BSAC-sport
2.1.3.4 International
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd, BIOSS Director
Dr Eddie Allison, MRAG Ltd, Field Team Leader
Vicki Cowan, MRAG Ltd, BIOSS Management
John Pearce, Simon Holden, MRAG Ltd, BIOSS IT specialists
2.1.3.5 BIOSS Consultants
Dr Gashagaza (National University of Rwanda)
Dr Lu de Vos (National Museums of Kenya)
Dr Koen Martens (Royal Belgium Institute of Natural Sciences)
Dr Kelly West (SLO, LTBP)
2.1.3.6 Special Advisors
Dr Rosemary Lowe-McConnell (Independent)
Dr George Coulter (Independent)
2.1.4 Main Outputs and Achievements
· Technical workshop held for Francophone BIOSS teams
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· Recruitment process for regional facilitator complete, successful candidate has
been cleared by UNOPS and we await regional confirmation of his appointment.
· Plans for information management significantly advanced both for field teams and
the link with the project GIS
· Proposals for activities complementary to BIOSS and the SAP submitted to the
project for financial consideration
· Burundian team continuing with field programme and reporting regularly.
2.1.5 Main Objectives for the Next Quarter
· PCU to gain regional approval for selected candidate for regional facilitator post.
· Regional facilitator in post
· Facilitator to discuss BIOSS work plan with each of the field teams and assess
current status.
· Receive decision from LTBP on proposal for additional funding for various
activities.
· Second round of dive training initiated (trainers identified, additional equipment
sorted) and plans for regional team to survey Mahele and Nsumubu advanced
· Draft standing orders document (i.e. specification of field procedures) completed
and sent to various contributors for comment.
· Further plans for complementary projects arising from consultant's BTOR's:
identify suitable regional counterparts, develop terms of reference and contracts.
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2.2 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Fishing Practices Special
Study
2.2.1 Overall Summary of Progress
The Tanzanian team continue with their regular sampling and several of the team
revisited Rukwa with the SESS team. The exchange of communication between
London and Kigoma continues to work very well. The team report regularly on their
work plans and when a piece of work is completed they send short technical reports.
This arrangement works very well in lieu of a permanent regional facilitator based on
the lake. It is anticipated that the Tanzanian team will be a significant source of
information regarding work programmes and overlap with SESS for the newly
appointed facilitator. Similarly, the team will benefit from regular contact with the
facilitator who will provide a regional perspective and draw in the BIOSS work
programme.
Mrs Marwa, the FPSS co-ordinator, presented a paper at the Tanzanian National
Sectoral Problem Review meeting held as part of the SAP process. The paper was
clearly written, providing background on the team's current state of knowledge of
fishing practices. It included their management recommendations to reduce the impact
of three key gears (lift nets, gill nets and beach seines) on biodiversity in the Lake.
FPSS work in Zambia is not following an LTBP work programme, we have no
information exchange between Mpulungu and London regarding activities progress.
This is very unfortunate as MRAG understands, from a variety of sources, that
significant changes have taken place in the artisanal fishery over the last 6 months.
These changes were stimulated by visits from SESS and EE consultants, and
individuals who were involved in earlier FPSS activities participated. The lack of
formal connection between Zambia and the FPSS is of great concern and will be a
priority for the regional facilitator once in post.
Applications for the regional facilitator for FPSS have been assessed. The selected
candidate is currently going through the project clearance procedure: to date UNOPS
approval has been given and regional approval is being sought through the PCU. A
priority task of the regional facilitator will be to assess Francophone teams and
develop work programmes. Given recent political events in DR Congo, work will
begin with Burundian teams in the hope that the programme can be extended as soon
as it is safe for the project to work Congo.
We congratulate Mrs Marwa on her success in gaining a place at Dar Es Salaam
university (BSc) and wish her well, we are grateful for her offer to maintain her link
with FPSS in holidays and while in Dar. Mrs Marwa has done an outstanding job as
FPSS facilitator and her leaving is a serious blow to the field programme, both in
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
Tanzania and potentially in the region as her experience would have been a bonus to
other teams as they developed expertise within FPSS.
2.2.2 Chronology of Activities
June-Aug:
Tanzanian FPSS team report regularly to London on planned activities.
Communication exchange functioning very well, facilitated by James Bahati who
efficiently maintains the Kigoma office. Regular sampling of Ujiji and Katonga
continues.
June/July:
Applications for FPSS regional co-ordinator assessed and discussed.
MRAG discussed applications closely with PCU and colleagues from other SS's and
other parts of the project. A short list was drawn up and the top three candidates
were interviewed (Panel: Dr Ian Payne, Ms V Cowan and Dr West).
June: Tanzanian FPSS team conducted sampling visits to Luiche delta, Malagarasi.
Analysis and report writing follow each field trip.
July: Tanzanian FPSS team re-visited Rukwa in a joint SESS/FPSS field trip.
July: Mrs Marwa attended the National working group meeting convened as part of
the Strategic Action Plan process. Paper entitled: Fishing Practices and Gears was
presented.
August:
Request for details of the exact locations of field work sent to
Tanzanian team. This is one result of joint meetings between MRAG and NRI (GIS
component) on information management for the SS's and linking the data to the
project GIS being developed. (refer to BIOSS progress report for this quarter
regarding links between the field programmes and TANGIS)
August;
Tanzanian FPSS submitted report on beach seine fishery which used to
operate out of Gombe national park: recent legislative changes have banned the gear in
Tanzania. Report on Rukwa expedition also submitted.
August:
CV of selected candidate for regional facilitator post submitted to
UNOPS for clearance; process successful.
August
Mrs B Marwa informed FPSS that she had been accepted for a BSc at
Dar Es Salaam University (funded by Tanzanian government
2.2.3 Staffing Schedule
2.2.3.1 Regional team
Tanzanian Team
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
Mrs Beatrice Marwa, Co-ordinator (DoF)
Mr Omari Kashushu (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Mr Hamza Maboche (Community Development)
Zambian Team
Mr Joseph Chimanga (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Whiteford Chumba (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Charles Lukwesa (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Isaac Zulu (DoF, Mpulungu)
2.2.3.2 International team
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd, FPSS Director
Dr E Allison, MRAG Ltd, FPSS consultant
Dr P Petit, MRAG Ltd, FPSS consultant
Ms Vicki Cowan, MRAG Ltd, FPSS Management
Dr Rosemary Lowe-McConnell Specialist advisor
Dr George Coulter Specialist advisor
2.2.4 Main Outputs and Achievements
· Recruitment process for regional facilitator complete, successful candidate has
been cleared by UNOPS and we await regional confirmation of his appointment.
· FPSS team in Tanzania improve skills in technical reporting, largely through the
guidance of Mrs Marwa.
2.2.5 Main Objectives for the Next Quarter
· FPSS regional facilitator in post.
· assessment of FPSS's current status and development of work plan for next year
completed by FPSS regional facilitator.
· Replacement for Mrs Marwa found to maintain momentum of field programme in
Tanzania.
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2.3 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Legal and Institutional
Component
2.3.1 Summary of Progress
The main progress this quarter has been in rationalising the work plan recommended at
the legal workshop in February against the original terms of reference and the budget.
The objectives outlined in the original project document for this component are as
follows:-
1. Existing laws for the protection of the lake environment and other existing laws
and regulations which impact the lake in the four countries will be reviewed.
2. Shortcomings in the implementation and enforcement of existing legislation will be
identified
3. A comparative analysis for discussion between the four countries with the view of
defining compatible legislation and means to harmonise realistic legislation will be
prepared
4. A basic framework of lake environment legislation for consideration by the four
countries will be recommended.
At this stage in the project, the completion of the legal and institutional baseline
review meets objectives 1. and 2.
The requirements for objective 3 are met through both the legal and institutional
baseline review and the discussion paper presented at the legal and institutional
workshop in February 1998. The paper was entitled: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE M ANAGEMENT OF LAKE AND RIVER BASINS: ISSUES TO BE
COVERED IN AN AGREEMENT AND POSSIBLE APPROACHES.
At this stage, Objective 4 remains outstanding. This will be met by the production of
a draft treaty for the consideration of each riparian country. A draft document will be
produced within the current budget allocation. The legal consultants will complete
this document, both French and English versions, and circulate it to the region by the
end of 1998. The draft will include a commentary detailing the precedents etc. and the
reasons why specific words and formats have been used. The consultants will work
closely with the legal translators to ensure the French draft reflects the tone and
meaning of the English draft.
The work programme recommended by the February workshop, with it's series of
consultation workshops, offers the project an opportunity to substantially improve
the end product of this component. However, as noted this falls outside the current
budget allocation. A proposal outlining the financial implications of this for the
project has been submitted to the consortium for consideration.
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2.3.2 Chronology of Activities
June: Legal consultants confirm to MRAG that the draft international agreement
will be prepared, translated and ready for circulation in the region by the end of 1998.
July: MRAG letter to National co-ordinators, which was drafted in May (NB was
marked as distributed in last quarterly report) was withheld pending confirmation of
future work plan. The work plan recommended at the legal and institutional
workshop (Lusaka February 1998) included activities beyond the original terms of
reference for this component. The budgetary implications of these activities are
currently under consideration.
2.3.3 Current Staffing Schedule
2.3.3.1 Regional Lawyers and Policy makers
See previous quarterly report for institutions of all regional participants listed below.
Burundi
DR Congo
M. Jean Bechmans Manirakiza (NC)
Mr. Amule Pascal Mady (NC)
M. Benoit Bihamiriza
Dr. Lunpungu Kalanbay
Ir. Roger Kanyaru
Mr. Ndembe Kumbu
Ir. Etienne Kayengeyenge
Mme. Gode Mbombo-Mangangi
Prof. Didace Nimpagaritse
M. Ngamani Mbusu
M. Damien Nindorera
Dr. Muderhwa Nshombo
Tanzania
Zambia
Mr. Rawson Piniel Yonazi (NC)
Mr. James Simoko Phiri (NC)
Mr. Peter Kambona Chisara
Mr. Hangoma Gordon Mudenda
Ms. Verdiana Macha Macha
Mr. Aven Muvwende
Ms. Alicia Bosensera Magabe
Mrs Chanda J. Lubasi Punabantu
Mr. Andy Ackim Mwandembwa
Mr. Davy Siame
2.3.3.2 International
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd, Component Director
Mr Cormac Cullinan, MRAG Ltd (Legal Specialist, Anglophone)
Mr Stephen Hodgson, MRAG Ltd (Legal Specialist, Francophone)
Ms Caroline Blatch (Legal Specialist, Francophone)
Ms Vicki Cowan, Component Manager
2.3.4 Main Outputs and Achievements
· Rationalisation of recommended work plan against budget and original ToR.
Confirmation that original ToR for the legal and institutional component can be
met within existing allocation. Estimate of additional funding required if
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recommended work programme with extensive facilitated regional consultation is
to be implemented.
2.3.5 Main Objectives Next Quarter
· Legal consultants finalise English version of draft agreement and translation to
French underway.
· Receive decision from LTBP on proposal for additional funding for consultation
workshops.
· Communicate decision to regional counterparts and make appropriate plans for
whichever work programme will be funded.
· Adjust agreement between MRAG and legal consultants in light of decision.
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2.4 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Special Study on Sediment
Discharge and Its Consequences
2.4.1 Overall Summary of Progress
The main objectives for this quarter were given in the previous quarterly report as
follows:
· Maintain the data flow and reporting schedule from operational monitoring
programmes.
· Emma Msaky of TPDC to travel to Arizona early June 1998 to start her programme
of pollen analysis at the University.
· Wooster of Kings College London will travel to Tanzania to initiate the programme
of sediment survey in co-operation with the Tanzanian Meteorology Department.
· Rob Duck and Silke Wewetzer (University of Dundee) are proposing to travel to
Zambia during August 1998 to carry out a side-scan sonar survey with the staff of
the Zambian Fisheries Department.
· Evariste Nzeyimana will complete his period of training at VUB late in June 1998
and it is proposed that work will commence in Burundi soon after his return to the
University.
· GP, K. Irvine and S. Wewetzer will meet with Henry Sichingabula during July (HS
in UK for a conference) to co-ordinate sample sites in Zambia for the work on impact
of sediments on biota and the side-scan sonar survey.
· GP aims to produce a document/questionnaire to aim to establish protocols for
reporting and data deposition for all active participants in the special study in order to
ensure the quality and value of outputs form the specials study and their co-
ordination with the reporting structure of the final strategic plan.
· The regional co-ordinator of the Sediments Special study will be appointed during
this quarter and hopefully will be in the field towards the end of the quarter. The
logical base for this co-ordinator will be Mpulungu. They will, however, have to
spend a great deal of their time travelling throughout the region. As soon as the
regional co-ordinator is available to travel then GP will travel to the region together
with him/her to assist with introduction to the various project teams.
· Catherine O'Reilly will complete her work programme on impact of sediments on
production that has been proceeding with the Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute.
She will present her findings at the triennial meeting of the International Limnological
Society (SIL) in Dublin in August 1998.
Overall progress on these activities throughout the quarter was satisfactory. More detail
is provided in below.
2.4.2 Chronology of Activities
This section lists one-off activities and does not take count of ongoing activities such as
workplan development and field monitoring activities.
11 June:
Msaky (TPDC) to University Arizona and began pollen analysis of
sediment cores.
16-26 June:
Wooster's visit to Tanzania
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
19 June:
Nzeyimana completed his period of training at VUB and returned to
Burundi.
3 July:
Patterson and Irvine (Trinity College, Dublin) met with Henry
Sichingabula of University of Zambia at NRI whilst he was in UK to attend a
conference.
14 July:
interviews at NRI for Seds study facilitator.
4 August:
O'Reilly departed Tanzania.
10 August:
further interviews at NRI for Seds study facilitator.
5-28 August: Field visit of Duck and Wewetzer of the University of Dundee.
24 August:
Nkotagu to Kigoma for field visit.
24 August:
Msaky arrived at Duke University, Zoology Dept. to begin period with
Prof. Dan Livingstone on pollen identification.
27 August:
A long process of selecting a regional facilitator resulted in a nominee
(Olivier Drieu) being forwarded to UNOPS for clearance. At the time of writing it is not
certain whether approval will be granted. Assuming this is forthcoming it is hoped that
Drieu will commence his contract in September 1998 and travel to the region in October.
31 August:
laboratory equipment arrived in Burundi to permit the work of
Nzeyimana to commence.
2.4.3 Staffing Schedule
A summary of all of the staff involved in the Sediments Special study was given in the
previous quarterly report. Apart from the selection of a regional facilitator (see above)
there have been no major changes in staffing on this special study
2.4.4 Main Outputs and Achievements
Hudson Nkotagu of University of Dar es Salaam completed a quarterly report on his
work on the rivers of Gombe region covering the period May to July 1998.
University of Arizona (Cohen) produced a quarterly report for the period April - June
1998 (2nd quarterly report) for the work analysing the lake cores. Mrs Msaky of the
Tanzanian Petroleum Corp. is doing the pollen analysis for this work and as produced
her first three monthly summary reports during the period for June, July and August
1998.
Sichingabula continued his work monitoring Zambia rivers and the project received his
review report in early June - a milestone report for this work.
Phase 1 report was received from IGEBU and DGGM, Burundi at the end of July 1998.
English and French versions are available. This completes Phase 1 of the work proposed
for river monitoring in Burundi and makes proposals for Phase 2.
Kings College London produced their first quarterly report of progress of the modelling
of erosion in the Lake Tanganyika catchment using remote sensing. This included the
back-to -office report of Wooster's visit to Tanzania carried out from 16-26 June 1998.
BTOR and first quarterly report submitted
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Catherine O'Reilly of the University of Arizona returned from the region on August 4
1998 at the end of her contract with the Project. She presented the results of her findings
at the International Limnological Society on 13 August. She has produced a brief
summary report of her findings in anticipation of the longer technical report.
Duck and Wewetzer of the University of Dundee completed a field visit to Zambia
which took place from 5-28 August 1998. Back-to-office report expected early in the
next quarter with a fuller technical report to follow.
The questionnaire aiming to establish protocols for reporting and data deposition for all
active participants in the special study was not completed during this quarter and this is
now a target for the next quarter - this was delayed in order to establish protocols for
data archiving with the GIS/database component of the project.
2.4.5 Main Objectives for the next quarter (September 1998 - November
1998)
Maintain the data flow and reporting schedule from operational monitoring programmes
- see previous quarterly report for summary of field teams and their objectives.
· The study facilitator will be appointed by the end of September 1998 and will begin
field operation in October after a short period at NRI with the project co-ordinator

· G. Patterson will attend the Technical Advisory Committee meeting in Arusha 11-15
October 1998.

· GP will follow the TAC meeting by visiting various institutions that are operational
within the SEDSS this will be an opportunity to introduce the field facilitator to the
staff of these institutions

· GP aims to produce a document/questionnaire to aim to establish protocols for
reporting and data deposition for all active participants in the special study in order to
ensure the quality and value of outputs form the specials study and their co-
ordination with the reporting structure of the final strategic plan.
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
2.5 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for Special Study on Pollution
and its Effects on Biodiversity.
2.5.1 Overall summary of progress
The Pollution Special Study (PSS) continues to maintain its focus on 'ascertaining the
nature and (where possible) the extent of pollution on biodiversity, and develop the
human and equipment resources that will allow the work to be sustained after the
end of this particular Project'.
This document draws on regular reports produced by Dr Francis Chale in Kigoma and
Miss Nicola Wiltshire in Kigoma and Mpulungu as well as my own observations. The
period included the first half of June spent by Dr Bailey-Watts in Mpulungu - following
his visits to the other three project centres (i.e. Bujumbura, Uvira and Kigoma). We have
establishing what are likely to be the few final additional limnological monitoring sites in
the Mpulungu and Nsumbu areas: these bring the total coverage to 7 sites at and around
Mpulungu and 6 stations at and around Nsumbu. Lawrence Makassa has produced a
very useful map identifying these stations. The sampling effort in these two areas
compares favourably with the 10 sites encompassing the Kigoma area and Gombe. Each
of the three areas thus includes situations ranging from what can be perceived as remote
and unimpacted, as well as heavily polluted.
Much of the physical and chemical sampling is now `routine', and very good progress
has been made with phytoplankton species diversity assessments in both Tanzania and
Zambia - with the Francophone countries also embarking on these studies. A first
scientific paper to be produced by the Project was presented in August at the 27th
Congress of the International Association of Limnology (SIL) in Dublin6. In addition,
Dr. Bailey-Watts gave a brief address to a working group - including Drs Rosemary
Lowe-McConnell and George Coulter - to the SIL African Great Lakes Group Web Site
Project.
We have, however, encountered problems (especially in Zambia, but albeit to a lesser
extent Tanzania too), with a number of nutrient and pigment determinations; these stem
largely from erratic power supply and inadequate spectrophotometers - on top of
difficulties to be expected bearing in mind the very low concentrations of solutes and
particulates in the generally dilute waters in these areas. As a result, Alex Kirika is - at
the time of writing - in Mpulungu, with an IFE spectrophotometer; early reports suggest
that this move is proving very successful.
As a result of these developments, the correspondence between chemical and algal
results obtained by the IFE and Kigoma laboratories is very encouraging. This is due in
large part to Dr Chale's direction of chemical analytical work, and Miss Wiltshire's
training of the nationals in microscopy. In this connection Dr Chale and the Kigoma
team are to be congratulated in facilitating a programme of nitrate analyses. Samples
have been collected for this over many months, but only recently have we obtained the
glassware and Cd columns to do the work. Another new initiative concerns epilithic
algae - this being viewed as important in reflecting (in-shore) water quality status. To

6PHYTOPLANKTON SIZE AND SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO VERY CONTRASTING WATERS: LAKE
TANGANYIKA AND LOCH LEVEN. Bwathondi, G.1, Kadula, E.1, Kaweme, K.2, Lukwesa, C.2, Makassa, L.2, Muhoza, S.1,
Wakafumbe, R.1, Zulu, I.2, Kirika, A.3, Wiltshire, N. J.3 and Bailey-Watts, A. E. 31 Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project, P.O.
Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania, 2 LTBP, P.O. Box 55, Mpulungu, Zambia and 3 Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Edinburgh
Laboratory, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland.
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RAF/92/G32 - Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika
this end Miss Wiltshire and the trainees have deployed artificial substitutes in a range of
impacted, e.g. Kigoma Port, and unimpacted areas such as remote Nsumbu.
As indicated above, the algal results obtained by the Mpulungu and IFE stations are very
similar, but problems over the chemical work persist.
A second FBA Zeiss microscope has been lent to the Project - for Mukungilwa
Kamalebo based in Uvira.
The 4-person team in Bujumbura (see below) has started to sample the lake and some of
the inflows in and near Bujumbura. - above and below point-source outfalls of
pollutants including brewery waste and a sewage effluent treatment plant. The
programme needs to be considerably expanded however, before it ranks with the
coverages outlined above for Kigoma and Mpulungu. As a consequence of hostilities in
the Congo, we are unsure as to the state and whereabouts of the equipment (including
the microscope mentioned above) delivered recently to Uvira.
The intended analysis, interpretation and reporting on the physical, chemical and
biological results to June 1988 has not transpired, although good progress has been
made with regard to the algal work based at Gombe, Kigoma, Nsumbu and Mpulungu
and chemical analysis at Kigoma (see below).
Drs Foxall, Chale and Bailey-Watts have given thought to the assessment of pesticides,
heavy metals and hydrocarbons in lake water and biota. A suggestion involving a
workshop and intensive analysis of samples at the Tanzania Pesticide Research Institute
(Arusha) is under consideration.
No loadings of pollutants to the lake have yet been obtained, but sampling at selected
river mouths near Kigoma, Mpulungu and Bujumbura has begun.
The visit to Mpulungu was remarkable in coinciding with wind-induced upwelling
events resulting in a marked bloom of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae fa
aptekariana - extending from Mpulungu to at least as far as Nsumbu.
Ever-improving communications (telephone, facsimile and E-mail) is facilitating more
and more frequent contact between UK and the region. It is heartening too, that the likes
of Dr Chale, Mr Hakizamana, Mr Makassa and Mr Wilondja have used these facilities.
However, I would like to see more of these exchanges - and more evidence of personnel
form different regions getting together in this way. For example, the persons involved in
phytoplankton should meet whenever possible.
2.5.2 Brief chronology of activities and visits
Dr Chale returned from Dar es Salaam and Arusha at the beginning of June with a
replacement spectrophotometer and new apparatus for nitrate analysis. Dr Bailey-Watts
was in Mpulungu 3-17 June, following his visit to Kigoma ending 3 June. Miss
Wiltshire also visited Mpulungu at this time as part of her on-going duties at both
stations. The visits concentrated on the on-going of training Mpulungu staff assigned to
the PSS in the following activities/duties: field sampling, environmental recording,
sample preservation, laboratory chemical and algal analysis, data logging (EXCEL) and
graphing (SIGMA PLOT). Largely in response to the trainees themselves, much more
attention than hitherto was also given to data interpretation. Dr Bailey-Watts and Miss
Wiltshire thus stressed the value of firstly, plotting results and commenting on the
nature of the plots and the values obtained for various chemical and biological
determinands. Secondly, we discussed the possible causal relationships between the
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determinands. Dr Bailey-Watts also completed a document on algal analysis including
text on the basic algal ecology and limnology.
On 5 June in Mpulungu Dr Bailey-Watts and Miss Wiltshire spent some 90 minutes
with consultants Monique Trudel and Rachel Roland as part of a regional Training
Needs Assessment; the consultants were very impressed with the `on-the-job' training
approach adopted by the PSS..
Dr Bailey-Watts visited NRI Chatham on 1 July to meet the TNA consultants again and
deal with LTBP budgetary matters and the situation regarding regional facilitator posts.
He also visited John Rogers on NRI on 6 July specifically to discuss the `case' for
additional funds for the PSS; Dr Bailey-Watts submitted a document on this to Mr
Rogers on 15 July.
Miss Wiltshire updated the work plans for Messrs Longinus and Muhoza in Kigoma
on 15 July in accordance with the requirement for assessing the population densities of
phytoplankton (i.e. in addition to species diversity) and benthic algal studies.
On 20 July Dr Chale produced a comprehensive listing of the PSS field and laboratory
activities and schedules - including attention to heavy metals and pesticides. Dr Foxall
has also provided a detailed document on sampling protocols for these materials and has
progressed considerably some ideas on how to tackle the assessment of hydrocarbons.
Mr Kirika left Scotland for Mpulungu on 20 August primarily to deal with persistent
and potentially very serious chemical analytical problems experienced at the Mpulungu
station.
2.5.3 Current staffing schedule
The present staff complement is as follows:
In Burundi: Messrs Hakizimana (PSS Co-ordinator in Burundi) and Wilondja
Kamalebo, and Ms Consolata Musanisoni; a contract for Mrs Aline Irimbere (INECN)
is also about to be signed.
In Congo: Dr Tshibangu (PSS Co-ordinator in Congo); contracts for Mukungilwa
Kamalebo and two other persons are about to be assigned.
In Tanzania: Dr Chale (PSS Co-ordinator in Tanzania) and Ms Lyoba, D (50) and Ms
Salome; Messrs Lyoba, Mfilinge, Muhoza (90), Tegulilwa, Kadula (80), Wakafumbe
(75) - in addition to Miss Nicola Wiltshire (PSS Trainer in limnological aspects in
Tanzania and Zambia) and Drs Bailey-Watts and Foxall, and Mr Kirika.
In Zambia: in Mpulungu: Messrs Makassa and Zulu; and Chimanga, Chombe,
Kaweme, Lukwesa, Mwape, Syapila (50%). Messrs Sinyinza, Shapola and others
contributing to the Biodiversity and Sediment Pollution Special Studies are associated
with the PSS for the purposes of synchronising sampling activities. In Lusaka (ECZ):
Christopher Kashinga are involved as support for the PSS.
2.5.4 Main objectives for next quarter
1. To arrange visits of 3-4 month's duration to IFE/UEA laboratories for 2 persons (1
chemist, 1 algologist/biologist) from each main LTBP centre (Bujumbura, Kigoma,
Mpulungu and Uvira. Especially bearing in mind the problems experienced even with
such persons as Dr Chale and Miss Wiltshire permanently on hand, it is vital that
selected staff from each region have a period in UK. Without such training visits we
cannot see the work being sustained.
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2. To attract funding (ca £1500) for literature that is much-needed by the trainees. There
are currently virtually no books or papers of direct relevance to the limnological work of
the PSS programme.
3. To replace in one form or another (ex-patriate or national) Miss Nicola Wiltshire who
is leaving the Project at the end of this reporting period i.e. 31 August 1998 - a vital
requirement. Miss Wiltshire would admit to some shortcomings, but her presence
overall has been vital.
4. To accelerate and expand all aspects of the work in the Francophone countries in
particular, but also Tanzania and Zambia with regard to heavy metals, pesticides and
hydrocarbons.
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2.6 Progress report: June - August 1998 for Socio-economics and
Environmental Education components
[Held over until next quarter]
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2.7 Progress Report: June - August 1998 for GIS and database
management.
2.7.1 Overall Summary of Progress
Progress during the period December 1997 - May 1998 has focused on debugging the
simple GIS and testing with a variety of datasets. Some meetings have been held with
Special Studies Groups to identify data sources, and the metadatabase has been
expanded to store metadata about non-centrally held datasets (web sites, maps held by
ministries, conference reports etc). A classification scheme has been devised for each
dataset catalogued in the metadatabase:
· LEVEL 1 - paper data not held by TANGIS
· LEVEL 2 - digital records not held by TANGIS
· LEVEL 3 - paper records held at a central database (i.e. with TANGIS)
· LEVEL 4 - digital records held by NRI and integrated with TANGIS.
NRI have searched for new datasets requested by the special studies.
· From King's College, we have received a new DEM and simple land cover map of
the catchment area at 1:1M scale.
· NRI have made two datasets relating to refugee camps. One contains refugee camp
locations with data about numbers at particular times and agencies working there.
The second is more general information based around districts (for Burundi only at
present).
· 1:1M rivers data set has been improved: the main rivers have been named, as have all
the rivers entering the lake.
· 1:1 M settlement dataset has been improved, with names given to all settlement
around the lake.
· 1:1M District boundaries have been located for all countries; to which we can join
many other data. District level population for Burundi and provincial level
population statistics for the other countries have already been catalogued.
· After a suggestion from MRAG, we have created a map of the lake divided into
several study regions. We are awaiting comment on this as a useful division of the
lake for research and management purposes.
More suggestions for useful datasets should be made. Also, many of these datasets are
not static; if anyone has up to date information regarding refugee status or population,
NRI would be pleased to hear about it.
NRI have started to liaise with Special Studies Groups and have received some data. The
Biodiversity Group have given us their Literature database which can allow users to map
source locations. The Sediments study have sent raw core sample data from studies
around the lake. These have been entered as comma separated files and can be viewed in
TANGIS.
Special studies - TANGIS is building up a list of locations of special studies. TANGIS
allows presentation views to be created within the GIS which can demonstrate the data
collected for each special study. Currently, special views exist for the core sample data.
Other suggestions for what should be in the GIS should be sent to Anne Jackson at
NRI.
Provision in TANGIS has been made for each special study interface to have modelling
capabilities. A menu has been created in each interface called TOOLS, to which
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specialist programmes can be added. Suggestions for this could be pollution modelling,
erosion modelling, distance calculations, buffer zones, extended queries.
A concern we are highlighting with TANGIS regards the acceptance of datasets of
different map projections. At present, two co-ordinate systems are in use,
latitude/longitude (decimal degree based) and UTM projection (metre based). Both have
merits, but unfortunately data from different projections cannot be shown in the same
map in TANGIS. Feedback on people's preference for projection is requested: do you
want standardisation to one projection (and if so which), do we hold two copies of all
datasets in each projection (NRI can cope with the conversion, but this is an
unsustainable procedure once TANGIS is installed in the region)? Alternatively, we
continue gathering data in the projections they arrive in, and some data may not be
compatible with other data. Feedback to NRI on people's views will be sought in the
next quarter.
2.7.2 Chronology of Activities
June - Discussion with Graeme Patterson for Sediments Special Study.
July - Visit to MRAG to discuss compatibility of databases and demonstration of
TANGIS.
July - Purchase of A3 printer for map outputs.
July - Enhancement of district, river and settlement datasets.
August - Purchase of Magneto-optical (MO) drive to allow transfer of data from
Kigoma receiving station to TANGIS.
August - Creation of refugee camp dataset.
2.7.3 Staffing Schedule
UK (NRI)
Dr Chris Sear, GIS supervisor
Alan Mills, Geographer; GIS developer
Anne Jackson, Data liaison officer
2.7.4 Main Outputs and Achievements
1. TANGIS metadatabase expanded to cope with non-digital and non-centrally held
datasets.
2. Special Studies database started; demonstration views within GIS to show off
Special study data.
3. Special Study Groups begun to liaise with GIS group for datasets.
4. Enhancement of "framework" datasets, to which other data can be joined.
2.7.5 Main Objectives for the next quarter (September 1998 - November
1998)
1. Work with LTBP team to identify bilingual GIS/RS training requirements, including
how they can be integrated into overall project training plan.
2. Interviews to be held with Socio-economic and Pollution Special Study groups in
UK to determine available datasets, data gaps, the need for and uses of GIS
technology in LTBP, particularly in-region need, possible management tool
development.
3. Watershed datasets to be created.
4. Short Data Catalogue published and updated bi-monthly, distributed to
collaborators.
5. Web site design assistance including short and long data catalogues, GIS news of
new datasets, contact points and guidelines for preparing GIS compatible datasets.
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6. Assistance with erosion modelling study around Gombe National Park
7. Translation of TANGIS metadatabase interface into French.
8. Continuing expansion of datasets, particularly useful data from Special Studies
groups. Focus on land use sets, social and economic statistics and bathymetric data.
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2.8 APPENDICES
APPENDIX1
Conclusions of the National Sectoral Problem Review - Guidelines for the National
Environmental Strategies and Priorities Review (Zambia)
APPENDIX 2
Conclusions of the National Sectoral Problem Review - Guidelines for the National
Environmental Strategies and Priorities Review (Tanzania)
APPENDIX 3
Conclusions from the National Working Group's planning meeting (Burundi)
APPENDIX 4
Conclusions from the National Working Group's planning meeting (DR Congo)
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