RAF/92/G32 - POLLUTION CONTROL AND OTHER MEASURES TO PROTECT BIODIVERSITY IN LAKE
TANGANYIKA
RAF/92/G32 - POLLUTION CONTROL AND OTHER MEASURES TO
PROTECT BIODIVERSITY IN LAKE TANGANYIKA
Progress Report
September to November 1997
NRInternational
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Contents
1. PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT
3
1.1. Project Coordinator
3
1.2. Scientific Liaison Officer/Kigoma Station
4
1.3. Mpulungu station
7
2. PROGRESS REPORTS OF SPECIAL STUDY GROUPS
10
2.1. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for "Biodiversity" Special Study and
"Conservation Activities"
10
2.2. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for "Fishing Practices" Special Study
15
2.3. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for Legal Component
17
2.4. Progress Report: September - November for Special Study on "Sediment Discharge and Its
Consequences"
21
2.5. Progress Report: September - November for the Special Study on `Pollution in
International Waters and its Effects on Biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika'
27
2.6. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for the Remote Sensing and GIS Component30
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1. Project Coordination Unit
1.1. Project Coordinator
1.1.1. General summary
It is most encouraging to report that positive progress has been made to initiate
project activities in the francophone region of the lake. Following on from earlier visits
a Technical Planning Workshop was held in Bujumbura that brought together the
principal special study coordinators and a broad representation of technical and
managerial personnel from the relevant institutions in Burundi and the Congo. The
special study work-plans were reviewed in depth with regard to their application in
Burundi and Congo and modified as necessary. This was followed up by a visit of the
Project Coordinator to Kinshasa, accompanied by the Director of CRH, Uvira, for
discussions with the NC and members of the NWG; a four week visit by the SLO to
begin the process of engaging local staff and establishing a project coordination office
in Bujumbura, and a visit by consultants from the Sediment special study to make
further preparations for the start of activities in the field.
In addition, there has been intensive activity in Kigoma where two major training
events have been successfully completed leading to the initiation of further sampling
programmes under the Biodiversity, Pollution and Sediment special studies. These
were the Dive Training/Habitat & Fauna Mapping Course with participants from all
four riparian states and the Laboratory Methods and Training Workshop for
participants from Tanzania and Zambia. A similar workshop is planned for
participants from Burundi and Congo.
Key events from the other special studies have been the completion of the legal and
institutional study tour through a visit to Burundi. The LARST remote sensing
system was installed at Kigoma and the first group of operators trained. River
gauging stations have been established in Tanzania and reconnaissance work for similar
stations has been carried out in Zambia. A PRA study was completed in the Kirondo
(Tanzania) region to study land-use, agriculture and fishing practices. In Zambia a tour
of three local lakes (Kariba, Mweru and Bangweulu) was arranged for three local
chiefs (or representatives) from the lake region, three local council representatives and
officers from the two Dept of Fisheries stations. The purpose was to visit and access
application to the Lake Tanganyika situation of the systems of community
involvement in resource, especially fisheries, management that have been initiated on
the shores of these lakes. The EE national coordinators from Tanzania and Zambia
attended a 6 week course "Vision to Visuals" at ICCE UK.
A project Technical Officer, Jerod Clabaugh, has been engaged, currently based in
Kigoma. His duties include co-ordinating the purchasing, installation, maintenance and
training for all technical equipment at the riparian stations. He will be dealing with
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general logistics and security issues on the lake as well as producing the LTBP
newsletter and website.
The Project Performance Evaluation Report (PPER) has been drafted. This is due to
be reviewed at a meeting of the National Co-ordinators and advisors, Project
Coordinator and SLO, to be held in Lusaka on 19-20 December 1997. The agreed
version from this meeting will form the main background document for the Tripartite
Review meeting (TPR) to be held in Lusaka on January 19, 1998. The TPR will be
followed immediately by a meeting of the Project Steering Committee.
The December meeting will also review plans for developing the Lake Tanganyika
strategic action plan and preparations for the legal and institutional workshop due to
be held in February 1998.
The Project Coordinator visited UK during this period for a series of meetings with
UK management and special study coordinators.
1.1.2. Goals for next quarter
The principal task for the Project Coordinator will be preparations for the National
Coordinators meeting in December, the Tripartite Review and meeting of the Steering
Committee in January 1998.
1.2. Scientific Liaison Officer/Kigoma Station
1.2.1. Activities
During the July 1997 reconnaissance mission to Bujumbura by Kelly West and
Philippe Petit, the Burundian National Working Group and Dr. Nshombo, Director
General of the Center for Hydrobiological Research-Uvira proposed a set of technical
meetings to introduce the project to the francophone countries. The SLO assisted the
Burundian National Coordinator and the Project Coordinator in organising the
meetings, which were attended by LTBP Special Studies leaders and representatives
of Burundian and Congolese collaborating institutions. At the conclusion of the
intensive special studies meetings, the LTBP work-plans were modified to incorporate
the comments of the francophone participants and were approved by the delegations.
A Laboratory Methods and Training Workshop was held in Kigoma from 22
September to 3 October. BIOSS, PSS, SSS leaders and an international team of
trainers assembled to present the current state of conservation and biodiversity
management and to conduct field and laboratory sessions to teach and standardise
techniques required to implement the special studies work-plans. More than 35
participants from Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Tanzanian National Parks
Association, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Zambian Fisheries, Zambian Office of
Water Affairs, and Zambian National Parks participated.
The bilingual dive-training course concluded with 15 divers from the four riparian
countries receiving BSAC "Sport Diver" Certification. The divers then participated in
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a six week course on Underwater Research Methods using SCUBA where they
learned how to conduct: manta board surveys, quadrant censuses, point censuses, gill-
net censuses, habitat profiles, and grab sampling. The course concluded with aquatic
field surveys of Gombe Stream and Nsumbu National Parks by various teams of
divers. The fishing practices team collected complementary data on artisanal fishing
practices at the Gombe site.
Rupert Loftie from NRI travelled to Kigoma to install the LARST (Local Application
of Remote Sensing Techniques) equipment and to train 5 Tanzanian counterparts from
the National Meteorology School in the capture and use of satellite data. The
equipment was installed without problems and the trainees were progressively
introduced to the use of personal computers, data capture and data analyses.
Currently the team is collecting NOAA data on lake surface temperature, and
catchment vegetation. In conjunction with special studies programs, they will increase
capacity to collect data on sediment discharge, rainfall, and fires.
SLO travelled to Burundi to investigate possibility of establishing LTBP offices in
Bujumbura. After discussing possibilities with the National Coordinator and
collaborating institutions, The Minister of the Environment, on behalf of the project,
submitted a request to the Minister of Agriculture for several buildings in the Fisheries
Compound (former Center for Regional Research in Applied Hydrobiologie buildings)
for use as LTBP project offices.
SLO engaged an administrative assistant for the Bujumbura Station and two
consultants for work on behalf of the biodiversity module, Dr. Gaspard Ntakimazi
and Mr. Felix Nicayenzi.
Biodiversity team in Burundi met several times with the SLO to discuss and begin
implementation of a research program to survey aquatic biodiversity in Ruzizi Park.
SLO travelled to Uvira on a reconnaissance mission to evaluate the facilities of the
Centre de Recherche Hydrobiologique (CRH). After consulting with a surveyor, the
SLO compiled a list of required renovations to the Center and solicited proforma
invoices from three companies for the work. The bids, ranging from $89,000-
$220,000, have been submitted to the PCU to determine whether it is more cost
effective to renovate the existing building or to build a new structure.
The Tanzanian sedimentation team established rainfall and river gauging stations on
two rivers that will be the sites of long term sediment-load studies, including a
master's thesis by Mr. Rubabwa.
Drs. Steve Evison and Claude Mung'ong'o led a PRA to study landuse, agriculture,
livestock and fishing practices in the Kirando region.
1.2.2. Calendar
1 September
Jerod Clabaugh began as the project's Technical Officer
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5 September
PRA led by Steve Evison and Claude Mung'ong'o returned
from Kirando and wrapped up their reporting period with local
counterparts.
12 September
Dive Trainees from Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia
successfully finished BSAC Sport-Diver Certification Program
and began Underwater Research Methods Program.
14-18 September
PCU and Special Studies leaders participated in technical
meetings in Bujumbura, with SLO representing the BIOSS.
22 September -
"Research Methods" Training Workshop held in Kigoma for
5 October
Tanzanian and Zambian colleagues. Eddie Allison,
Tony Bailey-Watts, Roger Bills, Rob Duck, Chris Foxhall, Ken
Irvine, Koen Martens, Hudson Nkotagu, Graeme Patterson
participated as trainers.
10-31 October
Vicki Cowan from MRAG visited Kigoma Station to oversee
Biodiversity and Fishing Practices Activities.
14-20 October
SLO in Dar es Salaam for briefings with the PC
26 October
Hudson Nkotagu from Univ. Dar es Salaam and Mrs.
Mbwambo from Tanzanian Bureau of Standards arrived to
direct SSS activities at Gombe Stream National Park with
counterparts from Kigoma Water Dept.
27 October -
Rupert Loftie held LARST training course in recovery of
15 November
satellite data for five Tanzanian trainees from the
National Meteorological School.
3-29 November
SLO travelled to Bujumbura to engage local staff and
consultants and investigate possibilities of establishing an office
in Bujumbura.
7 November
Rubabwa travelled to the University of Dar es Salaam for
registration for his Master's thesis in Geology under the
supervision of Dr. Nkotagu.
12-15 November
SLO travelled to Uvira for reconnaissance mission.
1.2.3. Goals for Next Quarter
Address water pollution problem by TANESCO's Kigoma Office
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Discuss establishing LTBP offices in Bujumbura at the National Coordinators and
Steering Committee Meetings and act on recommendations
Plans for Uvira Station: evaluate rehabilitating existing building vs. constructing a new
building.
Prepare for Sedimentation Cruise in Tanzania and Burundi
Get administrative help for and finish equipping Kigoma Office
Solicit and edit contributions for LTBP Newsletter
Plan for Francophone Workshop
1.3. Mpulungu station
1.3.1. General
The major achievements during this quarter were:
The acquisition of most of our essential equipment
Completion of the rehabilitation of the laboratory
The initiation of the EE program with a Lakes tour to visit 3 other fishery areas in
Zambia where co-management and community involvement schemes are operating
The visit of the EE co-ordinator on a short training course.
A National Working Group meeting was held in Lusaka in September
Reports were received on the visits of Paul Vare and Henry Sichingabula from last
quarter.
1.3.2. Visits
Jerod Clabaugh
Arrived on Liemba on October 3rd for a 4 hour visit in which a number of
administrative issues relating to stores, equipment and facilities were discussed
Paul Tierney
Came for a two week visit on 31/10/97 to continue the training of the Zambian divers
who had to be brought back from Kigoma prematurely because of the reorganisation of
the Ministry of Agriculture. During this visit he made a partial survey of the Nsumbu
area , but was unable to do much in the vicinity of the National Park because of the
heavy concentration of crocodiles and hippos.
1.3.3. Activities
Laboratory rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is substantially complete: this involved rewiring, replumbing and
replacement of lab furniture. A few minor additions (painting, wall cupboards, lab
taps and extractor fans if they arrive) are still needed but the lab is operational.
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Boat rehabilitation
Now that the specifications for use of the utility boats has been expanded, the
Vikings no longer seem to be suitable. The focus has shifted to 26ft Yamaha hull
which can be produced locally after Xmas. All extras needed to rehabilitate Silver
Shoal have been received, and rehabilitation is awaiting the arrival of somebody to
oversee the work. This may not be an onerous duty if the local engineers can be
infused with the vision of what the boat is to look like, in fairly great detail.
E.E Program
A tour of three local lakes (Kariba, Mweru and Bangweulu) was arranged for the
leaders of the major power institutions; the three local chiefs (or representatives),
three local council representatives as well as officers from the two Dept of Fisheries
stations.
On each of these lakes a system of community involvement along the lake shore has
been initiated by trying to organise the lakeside dwellers and devolving a measure of
self responsibility to the people. The three lakes each have an individual approach,
but are similar to the proposed EE program in that they consist of forming local
village committees which are part of a hierarchy culminating in a single lake committee
in which traditional rulers, councils, government and prominent locals meet with the
fishermen to address fishermen problems.
A number of problems arose during the trip ( breakdown of the vehicle and
consequent delays in the schedule) which unfortunately led Chief Chitimbwa to
abandon the trip before it reached the first lake. Others persevered however and came
back impressed by the way in which different authorities were co-operating. They
did, however, find a number of faults with each of the projects and it is hoped that
their experiences will allow us to finalise a design for Lake Tanganyika which will be
entirely appropriate to the local situation.
One interesting fact which emerged is that there is an environmental land use project
operating in Senanga, where the Departments of Fisheries, Forestry , Wildlife and
Agriculture are co-operating with local authorities and traditional rulers and of course
the residents to manage their land in a sustainable way. This project is said to be very
successful.
National Working Group
The third meeting this year of this body took place in Lusaka
Chisanse Beach
The fishing concession on this beach was closed two weeks early, in mid November,
unilaterally, by the wild life warden, Northern Command.
Local Collaboration
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Both the Chongolo Club (local branch of the National Conservation Club, particularly
active in schools) and Ulungu Wane ( local traditionalist society have asked me on
behalf of LTBP to join their societies
1.3.4. Programme for next Quarter
1. Attend National Working Group Meetings and particularly ensure that the work-
plans and PSAP is thoroughly discussed
2. Go to Nsumbu to review the Chisanse Beach issue locally, and Kasama to discuss
with wildlife warden
3. Make the laboratory functional
4. Provide a sampling and analysis work program for trained staff (by Special study
directors)
5. Make a delayed start on the SE program
6. Continue with EE program, specifically:
· Hold a `Headmans' meeting to alert the middle leadership, and finalise
details of the local committees
· Arrange the Tanganyika Drama Group tour
· Form local, strata and lake development and conservation committees
7. Rehabilitate Silver Shoal, make sure welding machine is fit
8. Build new landing jetty for Silver Shoal.
9. Order utility boats
10. Finalise the memo of understanding from DoF
11. Obtain blanket authority for travel of local staff on project activities
12. Finalise the acquisition of office equipment
13. Procure a comprehensive spares supply for Silver Shoal and outboard engine
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2. Progress reports of special study groups
2.1. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for "Biodiversity"
Special Study and "Conservation Activities"
2.1.1. Overall Summary of Progress
The overlap of international experts, researchers and technicians from each of the four
countries in Kigoma during training and workshops ensured both quantity and quality
of progress in this quarter. Activities in this quarter have been largely field based.
Regional teams were trained for BIOSS survey work, a joint SS workshop introduced
many of the technical issues relating to field work to Zambian and Tanzanian
counterparts, technical details of the field programme were developed and sampling
protocols established. It became clear during this quarter that having a mobile regional
team for BIOSS field work solves many constraints to furthering field based activities.
The key constraints are the efficient expansion of regional capacity to undertake field
work for BIOSS and the security situation in Burundi and DR Congo which severely
limits the safe execution of underwater sampling along their coast line. The skills and
experience of the newly trained teams are an important regional resource.
Increasing the mobility of these researchers will: ensure greater coverage of the lake's
coastline within the project's lifetime; ensure that newly acquired skills are maintained
and developed in the region; increase the likelihood of rapidly establishing a field
programme in the Francophone countries when security allows; increase the
experience of ecological based sampling of biodiversity in the lake; facilitate the
transfer of regional skills which in the long term will minimise the reliance on
international support; and, develop relationships between researchers from each of the
riparian countries that share the resources of Lake Tanganyika.
2.1.2. Chronology of Activities
September-October: Dr Allison, Dr Tierney and W Darwall continued activities begun
in the last quarter. Namely, training BIOSS field team in underwater sampling
techniques, data management and all aspects of mounting BIOSS survey expeditions.
The training included teams from all riparian countries and was undertaken in Kigoma.
At the conclusion of the training period, Dr Tierney travelled to Mpulungu with the
Zambian dive kit. Together with the Zambian dive team, he made a preliminary
assessment of Nsumbu and other potential field sites in this area of the lake. Special
field protocols will have to be developed to ensure field team's safety when working in
areas with hippo's and crocodiles.
September: BIOSS consultants (Dr Martens, R Bills, Dr Tierney and W Darwall)
contributed to the Joint Special Study Technical workshop (Anglophone) in Kigoma.
In addition to specific technical inputs, Dr Allison, the BIOSS field coordinator, took
significant responsibility in the coordination of the workshop. This was a critical
time for development of the BIOSS field programme: regional BIOSS field teams from
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all four riparian countries (Anglophones attending the workshop and Francophones
participating in the dive/sampling training) plus international experts were gathered
together.
The exchange of experience and ideas combined with field testing served to establish
the core BIOSS field programme. Two surveys were conducted in Gombe National
Park, to draw together all elements of the training and sampling development. The
second survey was managed by the regional teams, illustrating their capacity to mount
expeditions with minimal international support.
October: V Cowan to Kigoma, assisted with BIOSS field team training, particularly
with data management and computing skills (using spreadsheets for data entry and
calculation of biodiversity indices). Standardised the BIOSS data collection forms and
ensured that they complied with overall data management strategy proposed by
MRAG and agreed by NRI. The Biodiversity literature collated in Kigoma was made
available to field teams. Requested sections were copied and, where appropriate,
books were sent back to Congo/Burundi with the teams. Consulted BIOSS
international experts on variety of issues related to the field programme and project in
general.
Meetings with Dr Kelly West (SLO) on progress of field programme and furthering of
the strategic planning aspects of LTBP.
October: BIOSS field teams returned to their respective countries as BSAC qualified
divers. The Francophone team, who worked with the Tanzanian team (two trained
divers) on the Gombe national park surveys took complete copies of the survey data
with them.
November: Consultants involved in summer missions preparing variety of technical
and BTOR reports. The deadline for these has been extended to early Dec
November: BIOSS teams (Burundi) with Dr West developed plans to initiate a field
programme in Ruzizi National Park. These plans will be executed on the arrival of
dive kit to Francophone countries (imminent).
2.1.3. Staffing Schedule
Special Study Director
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd
Field Team Leaders
Dr Eddie Allison, MRAG Ltd
Special Advisor
Dr Rosemary Lowe-McConnell (Independent) Dr George Coulter (Independent)
UK
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Vicki Cowan (MRAG) Project support
John Pearce, Simon Holden (MRAG) IT specialists
Consultants contributing in this quarter.
Dr Paul Tierney
Will Darwall
Roger Bills
Dr Koen Martens
2.1.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
Fourteen of the sixteen divers who began the dive training course have been trained to
BSAC sports diver standard and are capable of diving safely and independently to
depths of 30 m. Medical and legal reasons prevented the remaining two from
completing the course.
The divers have been trained in techniques for mapping underwater habitats, censusing
and monitoring fish populations and carrying out a variety of underwater sampling
and surveying techniques. The standard achieved varies and is dependant on
education, experience and ability in the field of aquatic biology. However, as a
regional team there is capacity to carry out independent survey work, including
expedition planning and management, with ever decreasing support from international
experts.
Field surveys of Gombe National Park, including underwater habitat maps (both at
coarse scale of entire park coast and more detailed scale at sampling sites), fish census
data, mollusc samples, length frequency data from gill net samples. Some analysis of
the data has been carried out by the teams i.e., maps have been prepared and
biodiversity indices calculated.
Further analysis and findings will appear in the technical reports prepared by
international consultants. Copies of the data reside in Tanzania, DR Congo and
Burundi so all participants have access to the information and may work on the data
as required.
Habitat maps have been produced for the area South of Kigoma, which will form a
regular monitoring site for the BIOSS. Note that, given the smaller number of divers
trained from Tanzania, the field work here will require support.
The Gombe data set provides the template for the BIOSS survey database to be
developed. The strategy developed for the BIOSS database followed discussions
between MRAG and NRI (GIS component of LTBP). Therefore, the BIOSS survey
database, as the first SS database to be prepared, should provide guidance for other SS
database development. This is essential if integrated analysis of the data collected in
each SS is to be achieved within the project.
The 14 divers trained in the BIOSS form a regional resource to the project.
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We hope that where appropriate, other special studies will work with these
individuals in the field. The BIOSS intends to employ this regional team to push
forward lake wide sampling. The situation in Burundi and Congo prevents the
establishment of an extensive field programme in either of these countries at the
moment. However, Francophone teams have proved themselves very competent in
the field. This combined with their previous research experience offers a unique
opportunity to build regional capacity from within the region. Through increasing the
mobility of these researchers, BIOSS aims to facilitate this exchange of experience
between regional researchers.
Taxonomic groups that could be used in monitoring programmes have been assessed
and suggested by BIOSS consultants (Roger Bills and Will Darwall for fishes, Koen
Martens for Invertebrates). The use of various indicator groups for assessing the
threat of sedimentation is the focus of a research initiative under the direction of Ken
Irvine, carried out on behalf of the Sediments SS. Toxicity testing and other forms of
experimental work to gauge pollution sensitivity have been judged too crude to be
useful - many of the effects of pollutants are likely to be sub-lethal. The design of
experimental tests for pollution indicators remains to be carried out. No specific plans
were formulated to assess the impacts of fishing on diversity, but the use of fish
community size-structure could provide a useful preliminary indicator of levels of
impacts, as, for a given habitat type, unexploited fish communities within the lake are
likely to have a similar size-structure, whereas they may differ in species composition
due to the localised distribution of many species. The more controversial use of
indicator or `predictor' sets of total diversity was extensively debated during meetings
in Kigoma. The relationships among diversity of different groups can only be tested
using an extensive database covering all taxonomic groups. This data does not exist,
but there are data across a number of locations for a restricted group of taxa (cichlid
fishes, molluscs, ostracods).
The SLO convened a meeting of National Park staff who were attending the technical
workshop and dive training: representatives from parks in Burundi, Tanzania and
Zambia attended. This was an important first step in the sharing of information and
experience relating to National Parks bordering to Lake Tanganyika. It is hoped that
the BIOSS strategy to work from National parks and include more parks staff in field
work will further this progress. There is considerable overlap with the EE
component of the project, FPSS and the legal study: these relationships will be
developed as the focus on parks increases in the next year.
Discussions on the opportunities for formal training within the BIOSS took place due
to the presence of international experts, drawn from many institutions in Europe and
Africa, and BIOSS field teams from all four riparian countries. Individual consultants
were approached by potential students and it is expected that the relationships
developed during this time will lead to academic training with project support.
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2.1.5. Main Objectives for the Next Quarter
Preparation of the technical reports detailing sampling protocols and findings of
training and surveying periods.
Survey database for BIOSS field programme to be developed at MRAG during this
quarter. The data forms developed for the field programme determine its structure.
This database will be compatible with the historic database already developed at
MRAG to store species location data gleaned from the literature and past surveys in
the Lake. During October, the field teams indicated the need and desirability for
training in data entry and management. Once the survey database is designed,
MRAG will liaise with Dr West (SLO) on providing training in the region.
The historical database will be further developed to allow data entry to proceed in the
region. It is the intention to give responsibility to Mr Mboko (CRH, currently
completing PhD in Japan), Dr G Ntakimazi (University of Burundi) and Mr D
Ruhoza (University of Burundi) to gather literature from European, Japanese
(Mboko) and African institutions to increase the breadth of the data already collated.
Contracts and Terms of Reference for this work to be developed asap.
BIOSS international consultants to participate in the technical workshop, planned for
Bujumbura in February. Consultants include Dr Eddie Allison, Dr Koen Martens,
Dr Luc de Vos and Dr Gashagaza. Terms of Reference to be prepared.
Plans for mobilising the field teams to complete surveys of Mahele and Nsumbu
National Parks will be developed. At this stage these surveys are timed for
April/May, 1998. We aim to hold another round of dive and sample training
specifically for Parks staff before the surveys (March 1998). This will feed directly
into the project's requirement to train national park staff. These trainees will then
benefit from working in the field with more experienced regional researchers in the
mapping and surveying of their respective parks.
2.1.6. Recommendations
Contracts with remaining institutions to be finalised as soon as possible.
The BIOSS survey database outline will be circulated to all SS group leaders. We
recommend that the development of data management in each special study be
compatible to ensure the integrated approach to collection, storage and analysis
essential for LTBP success.
PCU to confirm that administrative arrangements to allow the BIOSS field team
mobility throughout the lake are progressing.
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2.2. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for "Fishing
Practices" Special Study
2.2.1. Overall Summary of Progress
This quarter saw the end of intensive field work with the support of the international
consultant, Dr Petit. The Tanzanian field teams have had broad experience of
planning and conducting appraisals with the SESS. The technical overlap in the field
with BIOSS was initiated with a joint survey of Gombe National Park.
Unfortunately, it became clear that the type of appraisals conducted by FPSS would
be very difficult in either Burundi and DR Congo: the teams have to travel beyond the
main centres, fish with local fishers, live in remote places and the social conflicts
within many communities in these countries are key constraints to this type of
village-based work. Recent news from the region indicates that fishing activities have
been suspended in Burundian and DR Congo waters close to Bujumbura and Uvira
effectively halting the FPSS in these countries.
2.2.2. Chronology of Activities
September-November: Dr Petit continues mission begun in last quarter, largely based
in Kigoma with some travel to Francophone countries for FPSS and wider LTBP
investigations. FPSS field team writing reports with Dr Petit on recent appraisals.
October: FPSS team joined the BIOSS field team for field work in Gombe National
Park. FPSS conducted meetings with fishers at Mwamgongo village (on northern
border of the park) and on the beaches. Fishers who held TANAPA permits to fish
from camps on the beaches adjacent to the park were targeted in these interviews.
The catches from beach seines operating from beaches bordering the park were
sampled.
October: V Cowan to Kigoma, accompanied the FPSS field team to Gombe National
Park (joint with BIOSS field team). Discussions with Mrs Beatrice Marwa (DoF) on
the potential for her to take increasing responsibility with respect to the FPSS field
activities in Tanzania. Informal workshop with FPSS field team to begin to
synthesise Tanzanian FPSS data collected to date.
2.2.3. Staffing Schedule
Special Study Director
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd
Field Team Leaders
Dr E Allison, MRAG Ltd
Dr P Petit, MRAG Ltd
Tanzanian Team
Mr Omari Kashushu (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Mrs Beatrice Marwa (DoF)
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Mr Keita Swedi Tambwe (DoF)
Mr Hamza Maboche (Community Development)
Zambian Team
Mr Joseph Chimanga (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Whiteford Chumba (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Charles Lukwesa (DoF, Mpulungu)
Mr Isaac Zulu (DoF, Mpulungu)
UK
Mr Mark Aeron-Thomas, MRAG Ltd
Ms Vicki Cowan, MRAG Ltd
Special Advisor
Dr Rosemary Lowe-McConnell (Independent) Dr George Coulter (Independent)
2.2.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
Joint field work with BIOSS field teams carried out in Gombe National Park.
Results will provide a indication of the impact of beach seining on beaches bordering
the park. Issues surrounding the relationship between fishers and the park were raised
and will require SESS/EE input. The results of the surveys will provide critical
material for the development of EE materials for Gombe.
Process of synthesising Tanzanian findings begun.
2.2.5. Main Objectives for the Next Quarter
Tanzanian team to carry out joint appraisal with SESS team in villages bordering
Mahele. The teams for the Mahele appraisals will be entirely Tanzanian, no
international consultants will be present.
Dr Petit and FPSS teams to finalise appraisal reports. Then a synthesis of FPSS
findings in Tanzania will be prepared (post Mahele appraisal) and discussed by all
participants in the FPSS appraisals and staff (regional and international) from other
SS's, particularly SESS.
Finalise work programmes for Tanzanian and Zambian teams to carry out regular
catch monitoring close to Kigoma and Mpulungu.
FPSS field work in Zambia requires one or two more appraisals with international
support, plans for these will be made in the next quarter.
SESS plans will be consulted.
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2.3. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for Legal
Component
2.3.1. Summary of Activities
The legal and institutional study's tour of the four countries was completed in this
quarter as Mr S Hodgson met with colleagues in Burundi.
Activities in the remainder of this quarter have focused on furthering plans for the
regional legal workshop planned for Lusaka in February 1998.
The participants names, details of the papers drafted, a proposed agenda were
forwarded to the PCU and agreed. Administrative arrangements are now being taken
forward by Dr A Menz, project co-ordinator.
2.3.2. Chronology of Activities
September: Details for regional workshop forwarded to PCU for action.
October: Mr Hodgson held a series of meetings in Bujumbura with key staff from a
range of institutions.
November: finalisation of workshop discussions papers to be presented by legal
consultants
2.3.3. Current Staffing Schedule
Special Study Director
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG Ltd
Legal Specialists
Mr Cormac Cullinan, MRAG Ltd (Anglophone) Mr Stephen Hodgson, MRAG Ltd
(Francophone)
2.3.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
Completing the tour of all four riparian countries. These meetings were vital in
commencing the consultation process leading to the preparation of the Agreement.
The visit also contributed important new information of strategic importance for the
Project, for example that it is possible that oil exploration will commence in the
Northern part of the Lake within the life of the project. This highlights the need for
suitable legal mechanisms for environmental protection for the Lake to be put in place
as soon as possible. Discussions were held with the Ministries responsible for
foreign affairs in each of the countries regarding the proposed Agreement and the
procedure to be followed in negotiating it.
The key findings of the Burundian mission are as follows: The Burundian National
Environment Strategy has been completed in draft and it is anticipated that it will
shortly be approved by the Government.
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Similarly a draft framework law on the environment, which includes provisions on
environmental impact assessment has been prepared and will shortly be submitted to
the Government. Once the framework environment law enters into force, it is planned
to revise other key laws relevant to the environment, such as the forest code, the land
code and the mining code, in the light of the provisions of the environment law.

While work on the preparation of the National Environment Strategy began in
1991, its completion has been delayed by the ongoing political difficulties. This in
turn has also delayed the enactment of a number of items of draft legislation relevant
to the Lake, which were identified in the Legal and Institutional Baseline Review, such
as new fisheries legislation and a new navigation code. The situation has also led to
delays in implementing other laws such as the water law.

It transpires that there are no serious omissions in the Legal and Institutional
Baseline Review notwithstanding comments made at the inception workshop, except
that the pesticides law, which was described as being in a draft form, was actually
passed in 1993.

As with the three other countries, discussions with government lawyers and
officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs revealed a high degree of agreement that
there will need to be some kind of formal agreement or treaty between the four
countries to create a mechanism for the management of the Lake. There was also clear
support for the proposed Institutional and Legal Workshop which was seen as an
important first step in the process of concluding an agreement.

Although it was not possible to meet with officials from the Ministry of
Energy and Mines, discussions with other officials suggest that at present there is
little oil prospecting activity in the Burundian sector of the Lake. On the other hand,
there is concern within the Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications
over the potential from pollution from vessels on the Lake (particular those
transporting oil). There is a perceived risk of pollution both from everyday
operational discharges (eg from the washing of tanks) and from accidents.

Coordination generally seems to be a problem among ministries directly or
indirectly concerned with environmental issues. Previous attempts to establish
national environment and water resource committees have been unsuccessful and there
is at present no appropriate mechanism for inter-ministerial coordination.
Legal Baseline translated and being checked before dissemination.
2.3.5. Main Objectives Next Quarter
Dissemination of workshop papers, and terms of reference for country presentations
at the workshop.
Hold the legal workshop in February 1998
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2.3.6. Recommendations
PCU to confirm administrative arrangements for Lusaka venue and issue invitations as
soon as possible to named participants.
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2.3.7. List of People Met in Burundi
Ministère de l'Amenagement du Territoire de l'Environnement
1.
Mr Mathias Kinezero, Chef du Cabinet; 2. Mr Jean-Berchmans Manirakiza,
Directeur Générale de l'Institut Nationale pour l'Environnment et la Conservation de la
Nature and National Project Coordinator;
3.
Mrs Libérate Ntamagenderom Directeur adjoint des Forêts; 4.
Mrs
Kidudi, Conseilleur à la Direction Générale de l'Amenagement du Territoire;
5.
Mr Damien Nindorera, Directeur du Département de l'Environnment et
Conseilleur Juridiqiue;
6.
Mr Gabriel Hakizinmanam, Ingénieur en génie de l'Environnment et Expert
Nationale au Projet d'Evacuation des Eaux Usés de Bujumbura et lutte contre la
Pollution;
7.
Mr Friederich Weber, Consultant, Projet d'Evacuation des Eaux Usés de
Bujumbura et lutte contre la Pollution;
Ministère des Relations Exterieurs et de la Cooperation
8.
Mr Renovat Ndayirukiye, Directeur Générale de l'Administration et des
Affaires Juridiques;
9.
Mr Benoit Bihamiriza, Directeur du Département des Affaires Juridiques;
Ministère de l'Agriculture
10.
Mr Roger Kanyaru, Directeur du Département des Eaux, Pêches et Pisiculture;
Ministère des Transports, Postes et Telecommunications
11.
Mr Pascal Ndizeye, Directeur des Transports Lacustres;
Universities
12.
Dr Gaspard Ntakimazi, Professeur de Biologie, Université de Bujumbura; 13.
Dr Gérard Niyungeko, Chargé de cours à la Faculté de Droit, Université de
Bujumbura;
14.
Dr Gaspard Bikwemu, Professeur d'Ecologie, Institut Superieur d'Agriculture;é
International Organisations
15.
Mr Adama Toe, Représentant Résident Adjoint, UNDP; 16.
Mr Jean
Kabahizi, Chargé du Programme, UNDP; 17.Mr Louis Nduwimana, Chargé du
Programme, UNDP; 18.
Dr George Hanek, Coordinator FAO Project
GCP/RAF/271/FIN Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake
Tanganyika;
Non-government Organisations
19.
Mr Antoine Kinydmuyi, Président de l'Organisation pour la Défense de
l'Environnment au Burundi.
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2.4. Progress Report: September - November for Special Study on
"Sediment Discharge and Its Consequences"
2.4.1. Overall Summary of Progress
The main objectives for this quarter were given in the previous quarterly report as
follows:

· Irvine in field until 1/10/97. Principal objective to initiate work on the Impacts of
Sediments on biota and formulate a coherent workplan with local institutions (plus
some initial collection).

· GP to region on 2/9/97 until 10/10/97. Principally to present and discuss overall
workplan of Sedimentation Special Study at regional technical workshops. But
also to initiate work by Universities of Dar es Salaam and Lusaka as well as
conducting work with K. Irvine, R. Duck and C. O'Reilly on impacts of Sediments
on biota.

· Training workshop will go ahead from 20/9/97-3/10/97.

· GP will take a role in the setting up of laboratories in Dept. of Fisheries, Mpulungu
and TAFIRI, Kigoma, now that equipment has arrived.

· Goeyens and Coveliers will visit the region during this quarter.

· The sediment study workplan (supplied with the Preliminary Strategic Plan) will
be presented at the technical co-ordination meeting in Bujumbura in September by
G. Patterson and then again to the sister meeting to be held in October in Tanzania.
They will be modified as deemed appropriate after discussion with local technical
experts. Draft work plans have, however, been derived after a series of meetings
and correspondence between the Special Study Co-ordinator (G. Patterson) and
scientists within and without the region.

· A major effort will be made to prepare for a 3-4 week cruise in January 1998 for
paleolimnological work.

· GEF will make a small (3 day) contribution to a cruise organised by the Royal
African Museum, Brussels this will allow us to test some equipment to be used
during the Paleolimnological cruise. This will hold in November 1997.
Overall progress on these activities throughout the quarter was satisfactory. More
detail is provided below.




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2.4.2. Chronology of Activities
This section lists one-off activities and does not take count of ongoing activities such
as workplan development and field monitoring activities.
H. Sichingabula (University of Zambia) visited Mpulungu region from 1-12 September
with a team that included the following regional staff: Mungandwi Nazitwitwi
(Student, University of Zambia), J.C. Chama (Regional Hydrological Officer, Water
Affairs Dept., Kasama), V. Lungu (Water Engineer, Water Affairs, Lusaka) and
Happy Sikazwe (Acting Officer in Charge, Hydrologic Unit, Water Affairs, Lusaka).
Sichingabula produced a quarterly report covering the period August to October 1997.
This is available.
K. Irvine visited region (Zambia and Tanzania) from 25 August-1 October 1997.
Back-to-office report produced and available.
G. Patterson visited region (Burundi, Tanzania and Zambia) from 2 September 1997 -
8 October 1997. Back-to-office report produced and available.
R. Duck visited region from 12 September to 4 October, 1997. Back-to-office report
produced and available.
Training workshop was held from 22 September to 2 October 1997. R. Duck's back-
to-office report describes the input to the sedimentation aspects of this workshop.
G. Patterson visited FAO headquarters in Rome on 14-15 October to negotiate lease
of Tanganyika Explorer with FAO staff and George Hanek (LTR project co-
ordinator). Cruise scheduled for January 1998. Cruise Plan and copy of
Memorandum of Understanding available.
L. Goeyens and P. Coveliers visited Burundi 16-26 November 1997. Back-to-office
report produced and available.
H. Nkotagu from University of Dar es Salaam visited Kigoma during September 1997
and made a further visit from October 27 to November 2 1997 from which he
produced a study initiation report (Topic: The isotope hydrology of Lake Tanganyika
selected catchment areas).
Mrs Mbwambo of the Tanzanian Bureau of Standards produced an initial report on
the analysis of samples for the isotope study above.
2.4.3. Staffing Schedule
The principal investigators remain as stated in the previous quarterly reports.
Additional:
Ms Emma Msaky of the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation (a
stratigrapher) has been approached by the project. She will take part in the January
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1998 cruise of the Tanganyika Explorer with a view to closer involvement in the
Project.
Dr Louis Nahimana of the Dept. of Geology of the University of Burundi has been
approached and is discussing co-operation on sediment composition.
It has been agreed that Mathias Sebahene, Directeur General de la Geologie et Mines
would be the prime point of contact for the special study in Burundi and that Bombi
Kagogozo of CRH would fulfil this role for the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The field visit of Coveliers and Goeyens to Burundi, collected names of a number of
potential co-operating partners in the project. Of these Evariste Nzeyimana of the
Universite de Burundi and Joseph Ndayegamiye of Regie de Production et de
Distribution d'Eau et d'Electricité have been particularly recommended.
David Chuba has nominated by the Head of Zoology and University of Zambia (Dr
Mbata) to participate in the study on impacts of sediments on biota to be supervised
by Dr Irvine.
Drs Manuel Palacios, Peter Swarzenski and Kiram Lezzar have been nominated by
University of Arizona to assist in coring cruise to take place in January 1998. Their
names have been submitted to UNOPS for approval.
2.4.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
The training workshop was completed on 3/10/97 with a total of 10 trainees opting
for the sedimentation option. These were:
Chobaliko E L Rubabwa (Kigoma Regional Water Department)
Theodore Mpyalimi (Kigoma Regional Water Department)
Kezia H Moses Mwanga (Mrs Mbwambo - Tanzania Bureau of Standards,
Dar es Salaam)
Ubald Kisisiwe (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Stanislas Muhoza (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Mbinduka Chatta (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Edmund Kadula (TAFIRI, Kigoma)
Kennedy K Kaoma (Department of Fisheries, Mpulungu, Zambia)
Robert Sinyinza (Department of Fisheries, Mpulungu, Zambia)
Bwalya J Kasonde (Department of Water Affairs, Mpulungu, Zambia)
R. Duck was principally involved in the instruction of the sediments component of
this Workshop.
K. Irvine completed his field visit to Mpulungu and Kigoma and a workplan has been
formulated to continue work on Impact of sediment on biota.
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A fully functioning laboratory now exists in TAFIRI Kigoma. The equipment is also
in place in Mpulungu and this laboratory is in the process of being upgraded.
Goeyens and Coveliers assessed a number of laboratories in Bujumbura for suitability
to conduct work on nutrient cycling. Mr Nshombo (Director of CRH, Uvira) was
given a list of laboratory equipment to modify in order to restore the laboratory there
to functional capacity.
The sediment study workplan (supplied with the Preliminary Strategic Plan) was
presented at the technical co-ordination meeting in Bujumbura in September by G.
Patterson. A summary of these work-plans will be included in the PPER for comment
at the Project Tripartite Review to be held in January 1998.
A major effort has been made throughout the period to prepare for a 3-4 week cruise
in January 1998 for paleolimnological work. This is the principal part of a collection
programme organised on the basis of a subcontract with the University of Arizona.
There will be local participation of approximately 9 regional scientists from a variety
of Institutions.

The November 1997 cruise organised by the Royal African Museum, Brussels was
cancelled by the LTR Project who withdrew the RV Tanganyika Explorer due to an
alteration in their own cruise schedules. The necessary equipment testing described in
the last quarterly report will now be performed in the early part of the January 1998
cruise.
The visit to Burundi of Goeyens and Coveliers has strengthened the linkages with
workers in the northern part of the lake. This will proceed towards a major co-
operative effort on the analysis on the impacts of sedimentation on nutrient cycling.
Field work activities have continued in the region a number of fronts.
C. O'Reilly has been now been operating in Kigoma for six months and has
instigated a number of collection programmes
Dr Sichingabula of University of Zambia and representative of the Zambian
Water Affairs department travelled to Mpulungu on 28 August to 16
September to carry out a preliminary survey to assess the possibility of
monitoring river-borne sediment pollution in the Zambian part of the Lake
Tanganyika catchment. They produced a report on this work and it is
available.
River monitoring in Gombe has commenced with the visits of H. Nkotagu and
others.
R. Duck of University of Dundee has obtained data records for the Luiche
river for analysis. In addition the Project (with the co-operation of the
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Tanzanian Water Department) have restored the Luiche gauging station to
working order.
Terms of reference to perform a land use study in conjunction with the Socio-
economic Special Study have been drafted. It is intended that this study will
probably concentrate on the Malagarasi swamp and/or Luiche delta.
2.4.5. Main Objectives for the next quarter
To successfully carry out the coring cruise timetabled for 5-31 January 1998
To complete work-plans with a number of different project sub-components. All to
move towards routine monitoring by the end of this quarter. These include:
1. Work which has been initiated in the Tanzanian and Zambian drainages of
the Lake catchment. This requires strengthening with the installation of
suitable gauging stations - to take place during this quarter.
2. The coring cruise of the RV Tanganyika Explorer in January 1998 is
intended to provide the material for an exploration of the changing impact of
sediment. This work will progress in the period with the material collected and
preliminary analysis made.
3. For the detailed analysis of the of selected catchments it is hoped by the
end of this quarter that routine data are being collected from sites in northern
Gombe, Tanzania.
4. A timetable for the installation of the X Ray diffraction analyser in Burundi
should be made - we are dependant on Philips engineers agreeing to do this
work.
5. Follow up on the visit of Goeyens and Coveliers to Burundi will (by GP in
February) to initiate the nutrient cycle study. To recruit a candidate for
visiting Belgium to learn the required techniques and to formalise arrangements
with the principal co-operating institute with this work.
6. A drafted programme for side scan sonar surveys will be produced with the
intention of commencing fieldwork in mid 1998
7. Work on impacts of sediments on productivity is to continue with the
addition of pelagic bacterial rates of production during this quarter.
8. A broad approach is intended to look at impacts of sediments on biota in
the region of Mpulungu. This will be a multidisciplinary study involving
measurements of sediment composition and sedimentation rates and their
impacts on organism distribution and behaviour. Initial aspects of this work
and the personnel required should be in place by the end of this quarter.
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2.5. Progress Report: September - November for the Special Study on
`Pollution in International Waters and its Effects on Biodiversity in Lake
Tanganyika'
2.5.1. Overall summary of progress
1. Through the Technical Planning Workshop attended 16-17 September in Bujumbura
(Burundi), TB-W gained the general support of the Francophone project personnel
including national co-ordinators for the major components and approaches proposed in
the PSS Work Plan. TB-W also toured the town with Gabriel Hakizinana (INECN) -
the main link for PSS business for Burundi - to view the mainly, point-sources of
pollution. Mr K Tshibangu was selected as the PSS Co-ordinator's main link in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Identified for the Scientific Liaison Officer (Dr
Kelly West, the regional personnel that should be appointed to the PSS in the
Francophone countries: in Burundi - Rénovat Baragengana (Director, Soil Sciences and
Environmental Studies Department, ISABU), Denis Barandemaje (Dir. du Dept. de
Gestion des Ressources Hydrauliques), Pascal Mdizeye (Dir. des Transport Lacustres
et Internale), Gregoire Njejimana (University of Burundi), Nsabimana Liberat (Directeur
de l'eau, Regie de Production et Distribution d'eau et d'Electricite (REGIDESO)), and
Gabriel Hakizimana (Ingenieur en Genie de l'Environnement). In the Democratic
Republic of the Congo - all CRH: Sona Kimbadi (chemist), Mavula Mbemba
('nutritionist') and Kalala Tshibangu (chemist but also involved in river invertebrates)
and Mr M Kamalebo (algologist).
2. With Dr Foxall and Mr Kirika, established a working laboratory in Kigoma
(Tanzania), and started the training there of previously selected Tanzanian and Zambian
Nationals with a 2-week `Limnological Field and Laboratory Methods Workshop', and
culminating in the initiation of preliminary chemical and biological water quality
monitoring programmes. The trainees are, in Kigoma: Grace Bwathondi, Dionatus
Chitamwebwe, Edmund Kadula, Meshack Kajelelo, Ibrahim Katonda, Elias Lyoba,
Dinna Lyoba, Stanslaus Muhoza and the 'Echo' crew (3 persons), and in Mpulungu:
Leonard Mwape, Kosam Kaweme, Charles Lukwesa and Isaac Zulu and 3 laboratory
assistants to be selected. Shadreck Ngonsela, Christopher Kashinga are also associated
with the Project and based in Lusaka
3. Presented these appointees with sets of standing instructions as regards their initial
field and laboratory duties - with the intention of updating these instructions as the
various skills are mastered and become routine.
4. Appointed Miss Nicola Witshire consultant on the PSS. Miss Wiltshire's Terms of
Reference are presented below.
2.5.2. Brief chronology of activities and visits
1. Dr Bailey-Watts (IFE) was in Bujumbura, Burundi 15-17 September preparing for,
and attending and addressing the Technical Planning Workshop. He also visited and
discussed PPS issues (such as the siting of field and laboratory facilities) at the Lake
Tanganyika Research (LTR) FAO FINNIDA headquarters (Dr George Hanek and
colleagues), the adjacent Fisheries Department (Director, Roger Kenyaru), and the
INECN headquarters (Gabriel Hakizinana, Friedrich Weber and Aline Irimbere).
Unfortunately, Dr Bailey-Watts was unable to see the former headquarters of the
Belgian Centre Regionale de Recherches en Hydrobiologie Appliquée (CRRHA).
Meanwhile, Dr Foxall (UEA), and Mr Kirika (IFE) started organising the Project's first
limnological laboratory - in Tanzania - with equipment safely received and stored there
since its delivery in August. Dr Bailey-Watts moved on to Kigoma 18 September for
the final preparations for the field and laboratory activities, 'plenary' presentations and
discussion topics (with special reference to pollution and its effects on the diversity of
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the planktonic and benthic micro-algae and crustacea) planned for the `Methods
Training Workshop (22 September to 2 October). The following issues were covered
during this workshop:
Plenary contributions (i) Pollution Special Study overview: raisons d'etre of the Study, definitions of
'pollution' and 'biodiversity'; reasons for the concern over pollution; outputs envisaged (e.g. a greater
understanding of the effects of pollution on certain microscopic biota, and a body of personnel capable of
maintaining a programme of pollution-biodiversity monitoring, and Plenary contribution (ii) a more
comprehensive treatment: the aims to influence pollution control and biodiversity protection policies;
relating pollutant status to microbial diversity in open water and on substrata from fine muds to boulders;
field monitoring and recording techniques; field and laboratory record and check sheets; water and substrate
sampling methods; physical, chemical and biological analyses in the laboratory; 'good laboratory practice';
data analyses and interpretation. Field and laboratory discussions and practices: the use of probes e.g. pH,
conductivity; nutrient analyses by e.g. phosphorus fractions; chlorophylla determination by
spectrophotometry; general microscopy e.g. care of the microscope; the calibration of eye-piece graticules and
counting chambers; micro-algal diversity assessment and size determination - plankton and epilithic
assemblages; preparation of standing instructions for the above; data logging, presentation (graphing) and
interpretation, and a consideration of the broader significance of the results; assessing, and capitalising on
individuals' strengths and interests; considerations about how GIS and computerised database systems can
serve the practising scientists on the PSS.
Due to ferry problems the Zambian contingent (along with the Tanzania team) stayed in
Tanzania and continued training with Drs Bailey-Watts and Foxall and Mr Kirika until
8 October. Between then and the consultants' departure for Europe on 11 October
discussions on the following were held with the SLO and senior TAFIRI staff. It was
concluded that TAFIRI staff availability is encouraging with even the Director intending
to contribute some 25% of his time. In the long-term nevertheless, shortages will arise if
Katonda and Grace Bwathondi leave in the near future - as mooted - and if they are not
replaced. The SLO, Chitamwebwe and Dr Bwathondi are to discuss this in Dar es
Salaam shortly to discuss TAFIRI staffing and the possibility of obtaining some new
posts. Chitamwebwe views the current capabilities of the staff ear-marked for the GEF
work as reasonable and especially so as long as training is maintained; in this
connection Miss Wiltshire's appointment was viewed as a very welcome development.
The possibility of university or college graduates - or even senior school-leavers with
technical training - is being considered.
2.5.3. Current staffing schedule
Drs Bailey-Watts and Foxall, Mr Kirika and Miss Wiltshire; A summary Miss
Wiltshire's Terms of Reference are as follows:
She will:


help with training workshops where these require limnological input.

train all field and laboratory personnel in the wide range of techniques necessary for assessing the impacts of
the above pollutants on biodiversity.


ensure that all sampling and laboratory schedules, and data analysis and reporting are maintained.
Regular activities
Day-to-day duties: these amount to training and supervising the African personnel in the following:

Appreciating and understanding the raisons d'etre of the Special Study.

Maintenance at whatever intervals are appropriate, thorough checks on all field and laboratory equipment
and facilities.

Ensuring that Good Field Practice is maintained - with regard to safety issues in addition to the proper
handling of water and sediment samples and sampling apparatus, the safe return, recording, storage and
treatment of samples.

Making sure that boats, life-jackets, anchors, ropes and fuel, necessary for sampling expeditions are available
and in working order when necessary.

Ensuring that Good Laboratory Practice is maintained; examples include the keeping clean and as dust-free as
possible, glassware and electrical and electronic equipment, and the double checking of reagent standards,
instrument readings and data logging.

The regular (electronic) distribution of data files.

Maintaining daily diaries of all activities and observations.

Writing reports and papers.
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2.5.4. Main objectives for next quarter
1. To see Miss Nicola Wiltshire meeting the requirements of her post as outlined above,
and thus appointed beyond the 3-month probationary period stipulated in her current
contract with NRI.
2. To establish the Project's second limnological laboratory in the region - in
Mpulungu, Zambia and initiate preliminary schedules for monitoring physical, chemical
pollution and associated diversity of microscopic biota in open water and littoral
substrata sites in Mpulungu Bay - with occasional forays to the even less impacted
Nsumbu area.
3. To contribute 2 personnel (1 ex-patriate, and 1 Zambian or Tanzanian) from the PSS
team to the forthcoming cruise in Burundian waters.
4. To continue to strengthen the skills of the selected Tanzanian and Zambian teams in
all aspects of the PSS Work Plan - from the planning and execution of field
programmes, to the analysis, interpretation and reporting of the results.
QUARTERLY REPORT Jun - Aug 1997 29
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2.6. Progress Report: September - November 1997 for the Remote
Sensing and GIS Component
2.6.1. Overall Summary of Progress
During this quarter, the RS/GIS inputs included:

· Completion of ordering and delivery of 'background' data sets for GIS z Training
visit to Kigoma covering GIS basics and introducing a prototype all-lake GIS to
stimulate discussion amongst SS leaders and local counterparts, concerning ways
forward towrads delivering sustainable GIS
· Installation and training visit to Kigoma covering installation and training for Local
Application of Remote Sensing Techniques (LARST) NOAA satellite rceiver
system
· Further discussions with SS leaders concerning GIS and database data formats and
ingest procedures
2.6.2. Brief Chronology of Activities and Visits
September: Completion of spatial 'map' based data products (V Copley).
UK-based discussions concerning data base and GIS requirements and data input
formats (C Sear). GIS training visit to Kigoma coinciding with Special Study
meeting (J Rutter).
October: Initial discussions (UK-based) on local sustainability of GIS solutions (C
Sear)
November: Remote sensing (LARST) installation and training (to local
counterparts- met. service personnel) visit to Kigoma (R Loftie).

2.6.3. Main Objectives and Achievements
Delivery of first GIS and remote sensing training z Start of discussions concerning
appropriate and sustainable use of available technologies
2.6.4. Main objectives for next quarter
Specification of GIS requirements and agreement of data ingest formats

Delivery to Kigoma of 'background' map products for use locally

Production of draft 'Action Plan' for local GIS/RS training covering project years
three and four
QUARTERLY REPORT Jun - Aug 1997 30

Document Outline