Pollution Control and Other Measures to Protect Biodiversity in
Lake Tanganyika (RAF/92/G32).
Special Study Group Progress Reports
for the period
March - August 1996:
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
1.
Socio-economics (SE) and Environmental Education (EE)
1.1. Overall summary of progress
Considerable progress has been made this quarter towards the establishement of nationally
owned and implemented socio-economic special study and environmental Edcucation
processes. Following the completion of the SE / EE chapter of the Inception report, based on
workshop recommnedations, NRI international technical advisors have undertaken field visits
with national counterpart institutions. Draft reports have been submitted and terms of
reference for national consultancies drawn up, including workplanning for in-depth
investigations at local level. In most cases suitable national consultants or counterparts have
been identified in consultation with the lead national institutions. Workplanning,
idnetificationa dn recruitment of national teams for participatory field investigations and EE
work is ongoing.
1.2. Brief chronology of activities and visits
March 1996
· Inception workshop: participation of SE and EE lead technical advisors (Quan, NRI and
Whitehead ICCE); combined group discussions with national delegates.
April 1996
· Immediate production and circulation of SE / EE workshop report, with draft workplan
and schematic methodology for SE special studies and pilot EE activity as agreed by
workshop delegates, for incorporation in Inception Report (Ch 6). Report includes
country summaries based on workshop national statements, to supplement and summarise
the assessments made in the baseline review.
· Revision of job description for project regional socio-econmoic coordinator
· Advice and assistance on overall structure and content of inception report
May 1996
· Development of logical framework for project Phase 2 (Special studies and Strategic
Planning), as agreed at Inception Workshop and incorporated into Inception Report
· Development of TOR for mid-year country visits by SE / EE technical advisors to all four
countries to develop and initiate nationally owned special study workplans; discussions
with MRAG and ICCE.
· Meetings and discussions with Terre sans Frontieres on possible support to project
missions and operations in Burundi
· PCU recruitment efforts for regional socio-economic coordinator, via project National
Coordinators
June 1996
· Finalisation of TOR, work planning and logistics for mid-year country missions; liaison
with NRI, MRAG and ICCE consultants, PCU Dar and Chief Scientific Officer, Kigoma.
· Forward work planning and TOR for intensive support to PCU in late 1996 on socio-
economics, to cover recruitment of national staff and coordination of national inputs to
special studies / EE: NRI internal recruitment of East Africa based Swahili speaking Social
Development staff member to support project work inthe field (Dr Martin Walsh).
· Correspondence with CADIC about their role in EE and possible project support to NGO
environmental management activities in Zaire portion of lake basin.
· Consideration of GEF monitoring and evaluation guidelines for international waters
projects and implications for project strategic planning process
July 1996
· SE / EE Field missions to Burundi (Quan NRI), Tanzania (Quan and Walsh, NRI;
Whitehead ICCE) and Zambia ( Whitehead ICCE, Aeron Thomas MRAG) for work with
national counterparts to develop and plan special study work programmes.
· Since Zaire turned out not to be accessible from Burundi (contrary to UNDP Bujumbura
advice that it was) we arranged a visit by a Zairean delegation (CRH Uvira, CADIC) for
dicsusisons in Kigoma.
· In addition to discussions with National Coordinators and others in Bujumbura, Lusaka
and Dar-es-Salaam, and with regional /district government and NGOs, initial fieldwork was
undertaken in lake shore districts, with full participation of national / local counterparts
from relevant government departments national lakeshore districts.
· Informal exchange and networking was initiated through participation of the Zairean team
in local fieldwork and discussions in Kigoma
· Terms of reference and workplans drafted for national investigations, in consultation with
national partners as follows:
- Burundi: Socio-economics initial investigation, and preparation of national EE work
programme,
- Tanzania: In depth SE / EE investigations at pilot lakeshore sites (PRAs ) for Kigoma
region,
- Zaire Initial socio-economic / resource management /institutional investigation, and
follow up programme for NRI technical support visits and NGO workshop,
- Zambia Lake shore village inventory and subsequent in-depth studies at pilot sites
(PRAs)
· Identification of national counterparts / consultants and teams for local investigations
· Drafting of mission reports by international SE / EE technical specialists
· Military coup in Burundi (25 July 1996)
August 1996
· Final stages of above field missions and report drafting
· Mission reports received from Aeron Thomas, Quan, Whitehead and Walsh
· Continuing follow up, including:
- ongoing discussion of draft TOR / workplan with CRH Uvira, Zaire
- preparation for first phase of national field investigations, Zambia
- secondary data collection and local team building by local consultant, Kigoma
- identification of lead national counterparts consultants and possible project staff for
Tanzania and Zambia
- Discussions with SE / EE international advisors for final revisions to their reports and
with ICCE on development of framework for coordination and management of project EE
activities
- Discussions with PCU on contractual and remuneration arrangements for national
consultants, counterparts and project staff members
1.3. Current staffing schedule (simple table of names/institutions
involved)
1.3.1. International
Julian Quan, NRI Socio-economics and Environmental Education Coordinator
Martin Walsh, NRI (Social Anthropologist) Field advisor on Social Science and EE
Malcolm Whitehead and Paul Vare, ICCE Technical Advisors, Environment Education
Mark Aeron Thomas, MRAG Development Economist
1.3.2. National
Proposed national project posts:
Shadrick Nsongela, ECZ: National EE coordinator, Zambia
Laisha Said, NEMC: National EE coordinator / project Information Officer, Tanzania
1.3.3. Consultants:
Mambona wa Bazolana, CRH Uvira: National socio-economic consultant, Zaire
Beatrice Marwa: Kigoma Region Fisheries Department local EE, fisheries and Women-in-
Development consultant, Tanzania
Proposed consultants, Burundi:
Arthemon Gihimbare, University of Burundi, Agronomy Faculty: Socio-economist
Gaspard Bikwemu, Director, INECN: Environmental Education Coordinator
Work is underway to identify and select possible candidates from national academic
institutions for the role of lead socio-economic consultant for Tanzania.
1.4. Main objectives and achievements (list outputs)
· SE / EE workshop report, with draft workplan and schematic methodology for SE special
studies and pilot EE activity as agreed by workshop delegates, for incorporation in
Inception Report

· Revised job description for project regional socio-economic coordinator

· logical framework for project Phase 2 (Special studies and Strategic Planning), as agreed at
Inception Workshop

· TOR for mid-year country visits by SE / EE technical advisors to all four countries to
develop and initiate nationally owned special study workplans

· TOR for intensive support to PCU in late 1996 on socio-economics, to cover recruitment
of national staff and coordination of national inputs to special studies / EE
· Terms of reference and workplans for national investigations, in consultation with national
partners as follows:
- Burundi: Socio-economics initial investigation, and preparation of national EE work
programme,
- Tanzania: In depth SE / EE investigations at pilot lakeshore sites (PRAs ) for Kigoma
region,
- Zaire Initial socio-economic / resource management /institutional investigation, and
follow up programme for NRI technical support visits and NGO workshop,
- Zambia Lake shore village inventory and subsequent in-depth studies at pilot sites
(PRAs)
· SE / EE Mission reports received from Aeron Thomas, Quan, Whitehead and Walsh
1.5. Main objectives next quarter
· Integration of mid year SE / EE mission reports, recommendations and national
commentaries into combined national action plans for continuing special study
investigations and EE pilot work.

· Full time, short term NRI social science presence in field October - December 1996
(Martin Walsh)

· Clarification of way forward (if any) for implementing national SE / EE consultancies for
Burundi, and supervisory / support arrangements

· Finalisation of TOR and recruitment of national Environment Education coordinators for
Tanzania and Zambia (roles partially overlap with that of project Information Officer

· Clarification of needs and conitractual arrangements for project national staff / NGO
collaboration, Zaire

· Completion of initial socio-economic investigation for Zaire, and assessment of
implictions for strategic planning; field support visit to Zaire

· Lake shore village inventory and PRA work planning, Zambia

· PRA work planning and practical training, Kigoma, Tanzania

· Advertising and recruitment for post of in-region socio-economic coordinator, or
alternatively identification of national lead consultants for project socio-economic studies

· Participation by project staff indevelopment of Preliminary Strategic Plan

· Action on reviewing combined training needs for project staff and collaborating
institutions, and development of project training plan
1.6. Recommendations and conclusions.
The critical outputs for next quarter are the agreed national action plans for the field
investigations and the EE work, and the identification / contracting of national project staff
and consultants to begin implementation. Concerted efforts by the PCU in establishing
adequate remuneration rates and suitable contractual and institutional arrangements for these
purposes is essential, and a thorough review of the budgetary requirements and available
resources will be needed.
Practical support to the PCU will be provided by fielding Dr Walsh for an approximately
three month period. If adequate national institutional arrangements and human resources are
not forthcoming in-region by January 1996, within budgets, resources will need to be secured
to strenghten the socio-economics / environmental education budget to finance ongoing
technical support to PCU by a suitable international expert.
Given (I) the centrality of SE and EE components to this project, and (II) the very heavy
demands of the project on UK-based management and coordination time, it is now evident
that the absence of a position for a full-time project socio-economist in the first eighteen
months of the project was a serious shortcoming in project design, and in the agreed
implementation plan and allocation of financial resources between posts and disciplines.
7
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
2.
Biodiversity and Fishing Practices Special Studies and
Conservation Activities
2.1. Overall Summary of Progress
An intensive period of preparation for the Inception Report followed theInception
Workshop. While this was being finalised, the internationalcontact base was being
broadened through meetings with experiencedinstitutions and contributors to the
LTR project. Design and constructionof the project database and Information
Management System (IMS) was startedby MRAG and NRI and the specific
biodiversity database has been implementedand the baseline data from all previous
observations by species and locality for fish are being entered. Field team leaders
have conducted the firstcircum-lake visits to finalise work programmes with
collaborating nationaland regional institutions and to begin site identification for both
scientific and socio-economic work. Potential sites for conservation areas and
National Parks have been given particular attention with somepreliminary mapping
and indicative zoning being initiated.
2.2. Chronology of Activities
March: Finalisation of outputs from Inception Workshop.
April to early May: Drafting of finalisation of special studycontributions to
Inception Report including "Conservation Activities".
June: Contribution to editing Inception Report.
June: Meeting with FAO LTR Desk Officer, Dr J Kapetsky.
Broadening of international contacts base - e.g. University of Leiden and Royal
Museum, Tervuren.
June: Replacement of leading team member Kees Goudeswaard, who had to take up
Dutch Government funded project on Lake Mweru, with Philippe Petit (ENSAT).
June: Meeting with Lake Circulation Modelling Group.
July: Initiation of project database and Information Management System (IMS)
between MRAG and NRI systems specialists.
July: Construction of biodiversity database format and systematic searchand entry of
all fish species/locality records in international literature on a geographical locality
basis.
8
August: Field visit to lakeside locations in Zaire, Tanzania and Zambiato follow up
on institutions and priority sites identified during InceptionWorkshop. Team
members: Dr E Allison (MRAG), Dr P Petit (ENSAT, Toulouse).Mr M Aaron-
Thomas (MRAG), whilst on a socio-economic survey, also contributed to site
selection for social aspects of Fishing PracticesSpecial Studies.
2.3. Staffing Schedule
Special Study Director
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG
Field Team Leaders
Dr E Allison, MRAG
Dr P Petit, Ecole National Superieure, Toulouse
Special Advisor
Dr Rosemary Lowe-McConnell (Independent)
Research Assistants (UK) Biodiversity Database
Ms Vicki Cowan (MRAG)
Mr Nicholas Kotschoubey (Independent)
Database Specialist
Mr John Pearce (MRAG)
2.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
· Contributions to "Biodiversity" "Fishing Practices" and "Conservation Activities"
in Inception Report

· Establishment of links with key collaborative institutions following Inception
Workshop.

· Initiation of project database construction.

· Implementation of first field visits by team leaders to establish work programmes
and begin site selection. Priority sites include those which may be designated as
National Parks.
2.5. Main Objectives for the next quarter
· Completion of baseline fish species biodiversity locational database pending
addition of new material.

9
· Analysis of database to assist in identification of optimum conservation strategy
which depends upon how fragmented distribution of species tends to be.

· Debrief of field team leaders to produce detailed work plan for special studies,
according to guidelines provided by Inception Workshop following consultation
with national collaborators.

· Contribute work plan and strategy to the Preliminary Strategic Plan.

· Mobilise and commence main field work programmes under field team leaders,
following contractual agreements with the collaborating institutions.
2.6. Recommendations
· Contractual arrangements to be concluded with collaborating institutions as soon
as possible.

· Project database and IMS to be finalised and constructed in conjunction with Lake
Systems Modelling components, as soon as possible.

· Conservation strategy to be finalised soonest.
10
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
3.
Legal Component
3.1. Summary of Activities
From the Inception Workshop it was clear that the Legal Component must be
brought forward in order to define and initiate the most appropriate agreement or
treaty and legal instruments to underpin the formation of a Lake Basin Management
Committee in time to take ownership of the Final Strategic Plan. The need to
convene a Legal Workshop to bring together Government lawyers from the
participating countries was included in the contribution to the Inception Report. The
profile of potential contributors has been defined and circulated through the National
Coordinators, along with the Terms of Reference for the Workshop. Nominees from
the National Coordinators are being received.
3.2. Chronology of Activities
April: Contribution to Inception Report.
June: Definition of profile of national participants in Leal Workshop and finalisation
of the Terms of Reference.
July: Circularisation of ToRs and profiles via National Coordinators with requests
for two nominees for each country.
August: First responses from National Coordinators.
3.3. Current Staffing Schedule
Special Study Director
Dr Ian Payne, MRAG
Legal Specialist (Anglophone)
Mr Cormac Cullinan, MRAG
Legal Specialist (Francophone)
Mr Stephen Hodgson (Independent)
Legal Specialist (Conservation/Community)
Mrs Dorothy Muzurewa
(Independent)
3.4. Main Outputs and Achievements
· Definition of legal requirements through Inception Report.
· First steps towards organisation of Legal Workshop to iniatate pathway to
political agreement and working legal framework for harmonisation of legislation.
11
3.5. Main Objectives Next Quarter
Finalise composition of Legal Workshop comprising at least two nominees from
legislative departments of each Government and coordinated by specialists in
international environmental law.
Conduct Workshop over a five day period in one of the partner countries.
3.6. Recommendations
Workshop to be held as early as possible to allow time for legal aspects of treaty to
be finalised in order to give authority to the Lake Basin Management Committee.
12
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
4.
Sediment Discharge and Its Consequences'
4.1. Overall summary of progress
The period began with preparations for the Project Inception Meeting which occurred in Dar es
Salaam on 25-28 March 1996. The Inception Meeting gave a clear indication of work objectives
of the special study and gave an initial list of regional institutions which would be relevant to the
study and willing to co-operate with the study. The outcome of this meeting was compiled and
Chapter 7 of the Inception report deals specifically with this special study. The `Sediment
Discharge and Its Consequences' baseline Review was modified somewhat in the light of
comments made at the Inception Workshop and at the end of the reporting period the three
technical baseline reviews (Sediment Discharge and Its Consequences', `Biodiversity' and
`Pollution') have been edited and compiled. They are now being translated into French for
publication as a literature review.
During the month of August the special study co-ordinator (Dr G. Patterson) and one of the
nominated experts (Dr R. Duck) made field visits to the lake region . The mission was to
determine which institutions can most suitably undertake the studies in each country, to enlist
their support in setting specific objectives, to develop of terms of reference and implementation
of different elements of the special studies, and also to consider contractual/agreement
arrangements. A full report of this mission will be produced at the end of September 1996.
The principal activity of the period is a process of consultation between GP and the Project Co-
ordination Unit, experts and in the field, national stakeholders (principally national institutions)
and equipment suppliers to try and reach a strategy and balance for the study.
4.2. Brief chronology of activities and visits
GP refers to special study co-ordinator, Dr G. Patterson of NRI.
1-2 March. GP to Brussels to meet staff of Africa Museum Tervuren, Royal Belgian Inst. of
Natural Sciences, International Bureau of Environmental Sciences and Museum of Leuven
25-28 March. Project Inception meeting Dar es Salaam. GP attended along with I Downey of
NRI to lead discussion on the sediments special study.
16-18 May. GP meeting with Andrew Cohen, University of Arizona to discuss special study in
general, and his contribution in particular.
28 May. GP meeting with R. Duck (sedimentologist) and V. Podsechtine (nominated by
FAO/FINNIDA LTR Project under the interagency agreement) to produce mathematical model
of Lake Circulation) to discuss co-operation of lake circulation model with other special studies.
I. Payne of MRAG and I. Downey of NRI also present.
13
4 June. Further meeting of GP with Dr. A. Cohen, University of Arizona following his visit to
the Lake Tanganyika region.
30 July meeting of GP, R. Duck of the sediment special study along with A. Bailey-Watts and C.
Foxall of the pollution study to co-ordinate county visit activities.
8 August to 4 September. GP and R. Duck to E. Africa to conduct country visits (see Section
?.1). Included visits to Tanzania, Zaire and Zambia. Burundi was excluded due to the security
situation there.
4.3. Current staffing schedule
Many of the International staff who will be responsible for the supervision of various aspects of
the special study have been identified. However at this stage no contractual arrangements have
been entered in to and it is therefore too early to put names against activities. Precise tasks listed
against institutions/persons will be a output of Phase 1 of the project (see Section ?.5) and this
should be largely agreed by the end of 1996.
The field visits conducted at the end of the reporting period were intended to add regional
institutions and staff to the task list of the Special study.
4.4. Main outputs and achievements
The Inception process derived a modified (from the original proposal) set of objectives of the
sediments special study. These activities (listed below) are felt necessary to achieve the goal of
defining the base data requirements on which further monitoring activities will depend. Defined
activities based on this set of objectives will allow for the development of the Preliminary
Strategic. A balance of relative importance and effort (and funds) for each of these study areas
requires to be defined; this process is ongoing.
Principal objectives of the special study (from Inception Report):
· Investigation of deforestation within the lake catchment area and the effect of land use changes
on the rate of sediment inflow to the lake.
· Quantification of the sediments currently entering the lake with indication of seasonal
variations.
· Tracing the fate of particles entering the lake (vertical and horizontal transport).
· An investigation of the nature of sediment particles and a consideration of the effect of
catchment geology, climate and vegetation on the nature of the sediment input.
· Analysing the impact of sediments on the water column, including the effect of sediments on
important limnological parameters which may influence the planktonic communities. This will
14
include impact of sediments directly on these organisms as well as reaching an understanding
as to how planktonic communities are affected. .
· Analysing the impact of sediments on the benthic environment including the effect on benthic
processes as well as the benthic organisms. This will include taking short cores of sediment to
establish timing, background fluctuation and rates of reductions in biodiversity.
· To consider long term effects of current (and possibly increasing) rates of sediment input to
the lake and to consider its likely impact.
4.5. Main objectives next quarter (September 1996 to November 1996)
The schedule for the special study is defined in the Inception report (still to be approved by the
project steering committee). This is as follows:
Phase 1
Initiation phase. This period will be used to establish links between the project
and the national agencies who will co-operate in the Special Study. It will also involve and
examination of existing data which will reside in the archives of the national institutions.
Duration 5 months (early to late 1996).
Phase 2
Pilot Phase. Using rapid assessment to check promising localities, this will
involve field visits by consortium and counterpart scientists and specialists to each country, as
well as the production of maps/GIS systems. This phase will also involve the establishment of a
network of river gauging in, at least, the principal rivers. Coring programmes will be initiated
during this phase. The critical part of the Pilot Phase is site selection for more detailed study.
Training activities during this phase are important to ensure that a cadre of scientists are available
who can carry out the work required during the Detailed Study Phase. Duration 12 months (late
1996 to late 1997).
Phase 3
Detailed Studies. Identification of approximately 12 catchments (see the concept
of paired catchments in Section 4.6) for detailed study of the important aspects of Sediment
discharge and its impacts identified above in Section. Duration 22 months (mid 1997 to early
1999 -this period involves some overlap with the pilot phase as some studies will be more
advanced than others).
Essentially the next quarter is mainly involved with activities under Phase 1 of the special study.
It is hope to be in the position to initiate some of the Phase 2 activities by the end of the quarter.
4.5.1. More specific objectives for the next quarter are:
· To produce the report on the country visits carried out by GP and R Duck during August
1996.
· To produce a full list of proposals to meet the objectives of the special study as defined by
the Inception process and with co-operating institutions identified and on board.
15
· To produce a preliminary estimate of the relative proportion of the budget for the special
study broken into the separate activities identified.

· To identify, source and procure the items required for the special study.

· Contribute these special study work plans and strategy to the Preliminary Strategic Plan
· Make major progress towards the publication of the bilingual baseline reviews
· Produce a work plan for the special study leading to a meeting of the special study task force
(consisting of international and regional scientists) towards the end of 1996 or early 1997.
· To have a programme of river monitoring agreed with each of the four participating countries
(though problem with Burundi - see Section ?.6).
4.6. Comments and recommendations
The special study is well on schedule and the team to conduct the special study is taking shape.
It is desirable to get activities going in the field as soon as possible. However the data provided
must be of high quality and this suggests a careful approach. The timetable for the special study
(Section ?.5) allows for this.
A problem remains as to the availability of the RV Tanganyika Explorer. The project are
attempting to find out about the availability and cost of this vessel. Without this knowledge
planning of the special study is difficult, though this will only become acute if uncertainty still
exists at the end of the next quarter.
The fact that work cannot go ahead in Burundi, due to the security situation there, will also lead
to planning problems. If access to Burundi is allowed within the next quarter then it will be
possible to bring Burundian Institutions and sample locations back into the study. If the security
situation prevents access to the end of the next quarter, a change in strategy will be required.
16
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
5.
Pollution in International Waters and it Effects on Biodiversity.
5.1. Overall summary of Progress
This report summarises the progress made between 1 March and 31 August 1996, with the
Special Study on 'Pollution in International Waters and its Effects on Biodiversity in Lake
Tanganyika'. Overall summary of progress
This period saw the preparation for, attendance at, and the final reporting on the following:
Project Management/Steering Group meetings; discussions between the Co-ordinators of the
three main freshwater ecological Special Studies; the project Inception Workshop; and the
recently completed institutional resource assessment mission to the lake region.
As a whole these activities have:
· strengthened the links between the UK project managers, Special Study Co-ordinators and
African counterparts.

· identified a good deal of 'common ground' regarding the preparation for, and the resourcing and
execution of the major Special Studies.

· heightened awareness of the challenges - logistical, practical, social and scientific - that are
presented by this huge lake and its

· catchment.

· within a number of institutions, identified cadres of nationals who should be assigned to the
project.

· indicated what is required of the project by way of training and environmental education in
the region.

· increased considerably, familiarity with a variety of habitats that exist in the lake ecosytem,
and thus, information crucial to choosing study sites and the equipment and approaches that
will be necessary for assessing pollution and its effects on biodiversity.

· continued to raise the 'profile' of the project in Africa.
5.2. Brief chronology of activities and visits
Dr Bailey-Watts attended three meetings of the Project Management Group# on 8 March and 31
May at NRI, Chatham, and on 10 July at MRAG, London. He also attended a meeting on 9 July
at MRAG with Drs Patterson (NRI) and Payne (MRAG) to discuss the overlapping interests
17
between the Special Studies on #Pollution#, #Sediment Pollution# and #Biodiversity#. On 30
July Dr Bailey-Watts hosted at IFE Edinburgh, a meeting with Drs Patterson, Foxall (UEA), and
Duck (University of Dundee) on the final preparations for their forthcoming resource asessment
mission to the lake countries - with reference mainly to the mission Terms of Reference
(prepared previously by Drs Patterson and Bailey-Watts, and furnished with a French language
version) and sent to the PCU in Dar in July. The project Co-ordinator also attended the
Inception Workshop (25-28 March) and completed (in early May) his contributions appertaining
to the 'Final Draft' of the Inception Report, which was eventually published in July. The mission
itself an from 8 August to 5 September.
5.3. Current staffing schedule
In addition to the Co-ordinator of this Special Study, the following have contributed to progress
over the period under review: Dr Chris Foxall (University of East Anglia) contributed
considerably to the recent mission, visiting Zambia as well as Tanzania; Miss Nicola Wiltshire
(IFE) helped with the #Pollution and its effects on biodiversity# contribution to the project
Inception Report, and she and Miss Dawn Ives (UEA) have assisted Drs Bailey-Watts and
Foxall in UK on a number of other LT duties.
5.4. Main objectives and achievements
The earlier phases of the project identified and publicised - by means of the Baseline Review on
'Pollution and its effects on biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika' - the raison d'etre of this Special
Study. The review also aired preliminary thoughts on what basic approaches might be adopted
for the work, and most importantly, what would be needed by way of resources (financial,
human, equipment etc) to carry out the work. The main objectives and achievements relating to
the present reporting period represent a substantial development of these previous phases.
Good progress was made towards achieving these objectives by firstly, presenting at the
Inception Workshop in Dar es Salaam (25-29 March) a summary of the findings of the Baseline
Review to the workshop as a whole, and chairing and co-ordinating discussions on the
preliminary ideas with scientists from the lake countries. This did the following:
· established a common (international) consensus as to what constitute the main issues.

· prioritised the pollution and pollution-related biodiversity issues to be investigated.

· progressed (from the stage achieved in the Baseline Reviews) with the selection of sampling
sites encompassing impacted and 'pristine' areas with examples of the main habitats such as
muddy through to boulder substrates, as well as open water.

· identified the organisations/institutions and key personnel such as the National Co-ordinators,
and regional experts and others interested in pollution and biodiversity issues that could carry
out the work.
18
The contribution to the Inception Report that related specifically to the Pollution/Biodiversity
Special Study, was submitted to the PCU in May.
The second major step forward was achieved during the preparation for, and execution of the
Lake Tanganyika country visits Unfortunately, owing to the delicate situation currently
prevailing in Burundi, this country was not visited on this occasion; it is hoped, however, that a
specific visit can be made before the end of the year.
These aimed to assess in much more detail than hitherto (i) issues likely to influence the nature
and extent of the practical programmes, (ii) human and other institutional resource needs, and (iii)
identification of the institutions and people to carry out the studies - with training as
appropriate. In the event, further progress was also made towards finalising where, i.e. at what
sites/locations, samples will be collected to assess the effects of the different forms of pollution
on biodiversity.
The following items typify the many successes of the mission:
· establishing from the outset, a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach by all members of
the mission, regardless of their main Special Study interests; this is considered essential for
'covering' the lake region adequately in the time available to this mission, and it and reflects the
joint view that the eventual Special Study teams will also have to collaborate closely in the
planning, and the execution of field sampling and laboratory activities if the project is to be
successful.
· gaining a much improved awareness of the challenges presented by (i) a lake that is not only
extremely large, but also characterised by concentrations of dissolved and particulate matter
and population densities of organisms, that lie near, or at the limits of detectability achievable
by standard instrumentation, and (ii) #real# difficulties relating to travel by land or water over
very long distances.
· identifying (i) a number of centres and personnel that should be involved in the proposed
studies, and (ii) mainly small, institutions that need more strengthening by way of equipment,
than this project could reasonably afford, but nevertheless have talented and enthusiastic staff
meriting involvement in the project on eg. secondment to a larger centre.
· owing in very large part to the efforts of Dr Chris Foxall who managed to visit some 30
institutions/university departments, identifying many potentially useful links between this
Special Study and the study on environmental education
· identifying training needs in all aspects of the work of the Pollution-Biodiversity Study from
the planning of field expeditions (the establishing the 'why', 'where','when' and 'how');
observing and recording environmental conditions; sampling and the immediate treatment of
the materials collected; laboratory analyses (including Analytical Quality Control exercises);
data logging and analysis; and appropriate interpretation of the results (i.e depending on
whether the 'customer' is a fellow scientist, as compared with a conservationist or
administrator.
19
Table 1 gives the names and affiliations of people met by Dr Foxall and/or Dr Bailey-Watts
during this mission. It identifies some 40 institutions and approximately 90 people.
5.5. Main objectives for next quarter
These are as follows:
· the formal identification of the institutions to be involved in the Special Study on Pollution
and its effects on biodiversity.

· appointment (with #Conditions of Service, duties, location, enumeration) of scientists and
technicians related to the above. appointment of the #supporting staff# (ie. the non-
scientific personnel identified in the Baseline Review on #Pollution and its effects on
biodiversity').

· preparation of an illustrated leaflet explaining the objectives scope and expected outcome of
the Lake Tanganyika Project as a whole.

· as above, but focusing on the pollution and pollution-related biodiversity studies.

· procurement of equipment (e.g. inftatable craft, engines, generators, laboratory furniture,
glassware, chemicals and consumables) to facilitate littoral and offshore sampling, immediate
treatment of samples, laboratory analysis, data logging and analysis and interpretation;
supplies must be sufficient to support at least the first year of practical work even though this
is to be viewed largely as a training period.

· finalise plans for a multi-disciplinary limnological field and laboratory methods workshop to
be held around the end of March 1997; initial proposals are that this meeting would involve 4
or 5 researchers/technicians from each of the 4 lake countries; the venue proposed at present is
the TAFIRI headquarters at Kigoma, moderately easily reached from Zaire and Burundi, and
not too difficult to visit from Zambia (eg. Mpulungu); the proximity to Kigoma Port as well as
somewhat less #impacted/polluted# sites with rock, pebble, cobble, sand and mud substrates
and habitats - in addition to open water, is of obvious value at this and other early phases of
the training programme.

· appointment on a part-time basis, of instructors for the above.

· select, and start to establish (by means of Project signs etc) the first 4 centres within the
region (i.e. one in each country), where work in the first year at least, will be based.

· distribute around the region many more copies than hitherto, of the Special Studies Baseline
Review on Pollution and its effects on biodiversity#.
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Table 1. Organisations/institutions and main people visited by Dr Foxall and /or Dr
Bailey-Watts during the Lake Tanganyika resource assessment mission (8 August to 3
September 1996).
Institutions assessed and/or sites visited
13.8 Kigoma: Regional Water Department (Tanzania): Mr Michael Baragwiha (Regional
Water Engineer), Mr C E L Rubabwa (Geologist) and Mr Theodore Mpyalimi
(Hydrologist In Charge).
13.8 Kigoma: TAFIRI (Tanzania): Mr Chitamwebwe (Station Director), Mr Katonda
(Deputy Director) and Mr U Kisisiwe (Field operative and Boatman).
13.8: LTR (FAO FINNIDA) (Tanzania): Mr P Mannini (Head of Station and fisheries
biologist), Mr A Kalangali (Zooplankton researcher), Mr Muhoza (Zooplankton
technician), Dr J Craig (Project Statistician), Ms Els Bosma (Zooplankton, nekton and
fish), Mr P Verburg (Hydrologist and fisheries biologist).
14.8: Kigoma Secondary School (Tanazania): Mrs Fatima Mashaka (Deputy Head
Mistress, Mr Kunga (Head, Department of Biology). 15-16.8: Uvira: Centre de la
Recherche Hydrobiologique, and Kalimabenge and Munanira Rivers (Za#re): Mr S
Kimbadi (Chemist), Mr M Mbemba (nutritionist), Mr K Tshibangu (Chemist/Invertebrate
zoologist), Mr M Risasi (Taxonomist - Cichlidae), Mr M Kamalebo (algologist - mainly
epilithon). Phytoplankton net-tow sample collected in approach to Uvira Bay.
15.8: Kipili (Tanzania): small natural bay - with defunct but potentially restorable
Fisheries Department buildings.
16.8 and 20.8: Mbala at Mpulungu: Department of Fisheries (Zambia): Mr Mwape, Mr D
Kabakwe (Senior Fisheries Development Officer)
16.8 and 20.8: Mpulungu: LTR (FAO FINNIDA) (Zambia): Mr V Landenberg and Ms P
Pfaffer.
17.8: Mbala, Mpulungu: Motomoto Museum (Zambia): Mr E Nkole Sosala (Keeper of
Pre-History Department.
18-19.8: Sumbu: Lufubu River, Sumbu National Park, and Department of Fisheries
(Zambia): Mr Mwape (as above), Mr T Miti (Head Wildlife Service, Sumbu).
20.8 Malagarasi Delta (offshore zone) (Tanzania): seine-net fishermen and boys.
Samples collected: submerged and emergent macropytes, and bottom muds/silts/sands.
21.8 Mahale: Mountains National Park (Tanzania): Mr J Wakibara (Park Ecologist), Mr
A H Seki (Senior Park Warden)., Mr W Daniel (Park Warden, Law Enforcement) and
Mr F I Malisi (Park Warden, Tourism and Community Conservation Service).
Phytoplankton net-tow samples collected at five points during return journey to
Kigoma.
21.8: Mpulungu: Water Engineer's Department (Zambia): Mr B J Kasonde (District
Water Engineer).
22.8: Kasama: Provincial Water Department (Zambia): Mr S C Ngambi (Water
Engineer) and Mr C Chizango (Deputy Co-ordinator, Irish Aid Development
Programme).
22-23.8: Lusaka : UNDP (Zambia): Dr Chipungu (Sustainable Development Director.
22-23.8: Lusaka (Zambia): Environmental Council of Zambia: Mr J S Phiri (LT Project
National Co-ordinator).
24.8: Kigoma (Tanzania): Field visit and sampling of epilithon, epipsammon and
epipyton in two local ('Jacobson's') bays.
26.8: Lusaka (Zambia): Fisheries Department: Mr G Mudende (Director at Chilanga).
26.8: Lusaka (Zambia): Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Ministry of
Tourism: All staff at seminar in Kafue.
26.8: Lusaka, National Council for Scientific Research (Zambia): Mr C Mwambe (Acting
Secretary General) and Dr M Nomai (NCSR, Radio-isotope Unit).
27.8: Kigoma, Tanzania: visit from Selanyika Datomax (Warden, Gombe National
Park).
21
27.8: Lusaka, University of Zambia: Professor D D Theo (Dean, School of Natural
Sciences), Dr S M Mgwira (Head, Department of Physics), Professor J Cernak
(Department of Physics), Professor P C R Jain (Manager, Environmental Resource
Centre in the Physics
Department), Dr F Kamona (Head, Department of Geology, School of Mines).
28.8: Lusaka, University of Zambia: Dr Jere (Dean, School of Mines) and Dr S
Simukanga (Head, Department of Metallurgy and Mineral Processing).
28.8: Lusaka, University of Zambia: Bernadette Crawford (Senior Projects Office, Irish
Aid Development Programme).
28.8: Kigoma, TAFIRI/LTR premises (Tanzania): Ms Els Bosma (Zooplankton, nekton
and fish).
30.8: Lusaka, National Council for Scientific Research (Zambia): Mr Kaposhe (Head,
Livestock and Pest Centre at Chilanga).
30.8: Lusaka, Zambia Environmental Education Programme: Mr J Lupere (Materials
Development Officer).
30.8: Lusaka, Geological Survey Department (Zambia): Mr F Njamu (based at Pamodzi).
1.9: Dar es Salaam, British High Commmission (Tanzania): Jane Goodall (Director,
Gombe National Park and Research Institute).
2.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Geology Department (Tanzania): Dr Mutakyahwa
(Acting Director), Dr Kapilima (Stratigrapher and palaeologist) and Dr H H Nkotagu.
2.9 Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Water - Subdivision of Water Resources' (Tanzania): Mr.
Msuya (Meraji. O.Y.) Acting Director of Water Resources) and Mr. Mihayo
(Hydrologist).
2.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Civil Engineering Department (Tanzania): Dr Mashauri
(Hydrologist - mainly flood frequency studies)
3.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Faculty of Science (Tanzania): Professor M H N Nkunya
(Associate Dean, Academic).
3.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Department of Chemistry (Tanzania): Professor
Mulozoki (Acting Head of Department).
3.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Department of Zoology (Tanzania): Mr Betterweg
(Biodiversity database inc. GIS.
3.9 Dar es Salaam: University, Department of Botany (Tanzania): Dr A K Kivaisi
(Senior Lecturer in Applied Microbiology.
3.9 Dar es Salaam: Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania: Mrs Alice S Bhukali
(WCST Co-ordinator).
3.9: Dar es Salaam: Lake Victoria Environmental Management Plan (Tanzania): Mr
Mbwana (LVEMP Co-ordinator).
22
Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project
Progress Report March - August 1996:
6.
Remote sensing and GIS
6.1. Overall Summary Of Progress.
Preparatory work has continued in line with progress towards clarifying the remote sensing and
GIS requirements of each of the Special Studies. The Scientific Office in region has been advised
of installation requirements for the NOAA receiver. Once the accommodation is completed, the
NOAA installation will take place. Questionnaires to capture the remote sensing and GIS
requirements of the Special Studies Teams have been designed and issued. these will assist the
design and population of the GIS and Project database.
6.2. Brief chronology of activities and visits.
A visit by the Remote Sensing /GIS expert was made to the region to attend the Inception
Workshop. No other visits have been made to the region.
Attendance at Project Management Meeting
Attendance at technical meeting to discuss GEF lake circulation work and remote sensing inputs.
Attendance at project management meeting.
Meeting with MRAG to discuss data base design and draft questionnaire for requirements
analysis
6.3. Current staffing schedule
NRI
I.Downey
M.Wooster
M.Rothery
G.Patterson
MRAG
Vicki Cowan
J.Pearce
6.4. Main objectives and achievements
A questionnaire was jointly developed with MRAG to identify key requirements of each of the
special study groups and was supplied to participants in the August mission to the region. This
will enable the efficient design of the GIS and database for data input and analysis following field
visits. Clarification of the installation site requirements for the NOAA system have been
established and communicated to the region. A digital elevation model (DEM), with 1 Km
sampling resolution, suitable for slope analysis of the catchment has been acquired.
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6.5. Main objectives for next quarter.
Collection of Remote Sensing and GIS questionnaires.
Analysis of questionnaire results to identify key requirements of the GIS system and project
database.
Generation of slope and aspect maps from DEM of Southern Africa to assist site selection.
Commence acquisition and input of suitable data into the GIS and Project database.
6.6. Recommendations
Consultative meetings will be required to clarify requirements from the questionnaire survey and
achieve consensus/ compromise on inputs, analysis and products required of the GIS and project
database.

Document Outline