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Subject: SEAGRASS-WATCH BULLETIN - 21 May 2007

SEAGRASS-WATCH E- BULLETIN
21 May 2007
Seagrass-Watch's electronic news service, providing marine and coastal news of international and national interest.
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IN THIS BULLETIN
NEWS
The International Day for Biological Diversity: Biodiversity and Climate Change 22 May 2007
Port land bill fails to pass session (Bradenton,FL,USA)
Pollutants fuel frequency, force of red-tide blooms, scientists say (Orlando,FL,USA)
State of Lagoon improving (Palm Beach,FL,USA)
Manatee deaths up in SW Fla.; red tide to blame, scientists say (Naples,FL,USA)
Boat motors decimate seagrass (St. Petersburg,FL,USA)
No-prop rules appear to be helping seagrass (Austin,TX,USA)
A big win for our river (Fort Myers,FL,USA)
Ding Darling on the verge of dying? (Ft. Myers,FL,USA)
Mooring field seeks permits (St. Petersburg,FL,USA)
Holy cow (Moreton Bay, QLD, Australia)
Seagrass Acres Dip 38% In Coastal Bays (Ocean City,MD,USA)
Requirements for Con Dao re-zoning contest come out (Hanoi,Vietnam)
Marine weed threatens waterways (Brisbane,Queensland,Australia)
09 - Dads approve marine protected areas ordinance in Davao City (Philippines)
Dredging report warnings (Melbourne,Australia)
Researchers map eelgrass, key to aquatic health (San Rafael,CA,USA)

GALLERY
Semakau (Singapore): 20 May 2007
Torres Strait (Qld): 08-11 May 2007

TRAINING WORKSHOPS
Suva, Fiji, June 16th
Airlie Beach, Queensland, July 14th
Broome, Western Australia, September 1st - 2nd

FROM HQ
Virtual Herbarium
Giveaways
Future sampling dates
Newsletters
Handy Seagrass Links
8/07/2007

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NEWS

The International Day for Biological Diversity: Biodiversity and Climate Change 22 May 2007
Since the mid-1800s global temperatures have increased by about 0.6°C , impacting the entire
world, from low-lying islands in the tropics to the vast Polar Regions. Current climate change
predictions are not encouraging; they estimate further increases in temperatures of 1.4°C to
5.8°C by 2100. Even if all human sources of greenhouse gas emissions are stopped
immediately, the impacts of climate change would continue for 50 years.

Climate change is already forcing biodiversity to adapt either through shifting habitat, changing
life cycles, or the development of new physical traits. Other species will face more unusual
challenges. The sex of sea turtle hatchlings, for example, is temperature dependent with
warmer temperatures increasing the number of female sea turtles at the expense of males.
Those species that are unable to adapt are facing extinction. In fact, predictions estimate that
up to 1 million species may become extinct as a result of climate change.

The links between biodiversity and climate change run both ways: biodiversity is threatened by
human-induced climate change but, biodiversity resources can reduce the impacts of climate
change on people and production:
the conservation of habitats can reduce the amount of CO2 released into the
atmosphere.
conserving certain species such as mangroves, seagrass and drought resistant crops can
reduce the disastrous impacts of climate change effects, and
the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity can strengthen ecosystem resilience,
improving the ability of ecosystems to provide critical services in the face of increasing
climatic pressures.
...more http://www.seagrasswatch.org/news.html
Port land bill fails to pass session (Bradenton,FL,USA)
May 8th 2007, By Brian Neill, Bradenton Herald
A bill that would have given Port Manatee sovereign control over 585 acres of underwater land
failed to pass during the recent session of the Legislature. But State Rep. Ron Reagan, R-
Bradenton, the man who sponsored the bill, said Thursday he will work to get the legislation
passed next year.

Port Manatee Executive Director David McDonald, who briefed port authority members on the
status of the legislation at their meeting Thursday, said passage of House Bill 847 would not
have absolved the port of seeking approval from DEP for dredging and similar projects in the
waters. He did say it would allow the port to bypass a $2.25-per-cubic-yard dredging fee that is
typically paid to the state.

Glenn Compton, however, isn't convinced. Compton heads local environmental group
Manasota-88. He, along with a marine biologist and former Port Manatee consultant, petitioned
the DEP last year to prevent the port from starting new dredging projects before completing a
seagrass replanting effort required by permit.
Source & full story: http://www.bradenton.com/breakingnews/story/51930.html
Pollutants fuel frequency, force of red-tide blooms, scientists say (Orlando,FL,USA)
May 20, 2007, by Wes Smith, Orlando Sentinel
Red tide, Karenia brevis, is a naturally occurring microscopic algae found off the Florida coast
as far back as the 16th century. While there are red-tide blooms in the Gulf every year, many
scientists suspect that pollutants such as fertilizer-laden runoff and sewage leaking from septic
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tanks may be intensifying and prolonging red tides along the coast.

Red-tide blooms, which occur worldwide in warm seas, are 10 times more abundant than they
were 50 years ago. Outbreaks were abnormally high in 2005 along the Gulf Coast, but last year
was a more normal year, scientists said.

This spring near Fort Myers, 27 manatees died from eating red-tide-tainted seagrass, according
to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Red-tide toxins have been blamed
for the deaths of hundreds of manatees, bottlenose dolphins and sea turtles, not to mention
countless fish and seabirds in recent years.
Source & full story: http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/state/orl-redtidebox07may20,0,2686150.story?
coll=orl-news-headlines-state
Plan State of Lagoon improving (Palm Beach,FL,USA)
May 20, 2007, By Willie Howard, Palm Beach Post
The Lake Worth Lagoon has been constricted by sea walls, dredged, loaded with raw sewage
and sickened by runoff from farms, streets and neighborhoods. From a fish's point of view, the
20 mile-long former freshwater lake, now Palm Beach County's largest estuary, is but a shadow
of what it was a century ago. Water quality has been degraded in many areas, especially after
heavy rains. Most of the lagoon's original mangroves and seagrass beds are gone. Bit by bit,
though, the lagoon is
making a comeback.

More than 300 attended the third Lake Worth Lagoon Symposium at Palm Beach Atlantic
University recently. They heard status reports on the lagoon from those overseeing restoration
work and from elected officials working to find money to pay for it. The lagoon restoration plan
is nearly 10 years old and will be updated with new goals this year. The good news: Lots of
people care about the lagoon, for both ecological and economic reasons.

Work that is making the lagoon healthier by cleaning its water and re-introducing mangroves,
seagrasses and oysters includes the creation of Snook Islands Natural Area. The $30-million
restoration project involved filling a dredged hole near Lake Worth Golf Course with sand from
Peanut Island, creating mangrove islands off the golf course and planters along the shoreline. It
also cut channels that restored tidal flow to mangroves at John's Island and Peanut Island.
Seagrass is growing, shorebirds are nesting and anglers are catching snook, and even an
occasional redfish, around the man-made islands north of the Lake Avenue bridge.
Source & full story:
http://www.palmbeachpost.com/sports/content/sports/epaper/2007/05/20/a11b_outdoors_0520.htm
Manatee deaths up in SW Fla.; red tide to blame, scientists say (Naples,FL,USA)
May 19, 2007, By Julio Ochoa, Naples Daily News
Red tide is still killing manatees in Southwest Florida, even though scientists haven't found the
toxin in local waters for weeks. At least 29 manatees that died between March and early May
were found with evidence of internal red tide poisoning. The culprit: toxin-laced seagrass.

Scientists with the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute say grasses within the Caloosahatchee
Estuary can contain a double dose of Karenia brevis, the toxin in red tide. Not only does the
seagrass absorb the toxin, but filter-feeding micro-organisms that live on the seagrass also
absorb it. The deaths have helped make the first four months of 2007 among the deadliest in
Lee County's history.

Between January and April, 59 manatees died in Lee County, more deaths than in all of 2004.
In Collier County, scientists found six dead manatees. The statistics are not very promising for a
species that came off the deadliest year ever in 2006, when 417 manatees died in Florida.
Because manatees graze on the seagrass, they can easily eat several pounds of it a day.
Source & full story: http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2007/may/19/2007_shaping_bad_year_manatees_lee/?
breaking_news
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Boat motors decimate seagrass (St. Petersburg,FL,USA)
May 18, 2007, By Catherine E. Shoichet, St. Petersburg Times
In aerial photographs of Cockroach Bay, thousands of white, zigzag streaks stand out against a
sea-green backdrop. They are propeller scars - strong evidence, some experts say, that the
seagrass is struggling.

"It looks like a desert in some areas, " Hillsborough County Community College biology
professor J. Nicholas Ehringer told a group of local planners and scientists last week. Now
officials are considering new boating rules to help Cockroach Bay's dwindling seagrass
population bounce back. "We've got some pretty severe levels of scarring out there, " said
Gerold Morrison, director of the EPC's environmental resources management division. The
"pole and troll" approach - a first for Hillsborough County - would preserve boaters' access to
the area and give seagrass a chance to recover, he said. EPC officials will present that
possibility, along with other parts of the agency's proposed Seagrass Management Plan, at a
meeting at 6 p.m. May 31 at the SouthShore Regional Library in Ruskin.
Source & full story: http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/18/Brandontimes/Boat_motors_decimate_.shtml
No-prop rules appear to be helping seagrass (Austin,TX,USA)
May 17, 2007, By Mike Leggett, American-Statesman
A year after Texas Parks and Wildlife commissioners imposed mandatory no-prop zones to
protect fragile seagrass on the Texas Gulf Coast, the program appears to be working. "I think
we're doing pretty well," said Larry McKinney, the Coastal Fisheries division director at Parks
and Wildlife. "The outreach (to the public) on the rules has been fantastic. We've been working
with law enforcement and local courts so we'll be able to make those cases (against violators).
And we're doing aerial surveys to determine the effectiveness (of the rules)." Implementing the
mandatory rules in the Redfish Bay State Scientific Area near Rockport has produced better
compliance and more knowledge of the seagrass rules and the value of the grasses
themselves, McKinney said. However, the impact on the seagrass within the area remains
something of a mystery.

"We don't know yet (how much seagrass has been saved)," he said. "We're still working on the
methodology on how we do those evaluations." One method involves high-definition aerial
photography, which will help track propeller scars as they heal, as well as the growth or
diminution of the grass beds. McKinney noted that his fisheries staff members were concerned
not only with restoring propeller-scarred seagrasses but with monitoring what grows back in
those scars. "Do they come back in turtle grass or weeds?" McKinney asked. Scars have been
marked and documented, and determining how those areas recover -- and which aquatic
plants grow there -- will be part of the plan for protecting the seagrass beds.
Source & full story: http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/sports/stories/outdoors/05/17/17seagrass.html
A big win for our river (Fort Myers,FL,USA)
May 15, 2007, Editorial, The News-Press
The battle to save Lee County's estuaries is far from over -- it will never end -- but a major
victory was won last week. Gov. Charlie Crist still has to sign it, but the Legislature OK'd more
than $400 million in additional South Florida environmental cleanup money, and -- even more
important --designated a Northern Everglades area, including Lake Okeechobee and the
Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie rivers as part of the Everglades system.

That confers new, equal status and protection to the rivers and their tributaries, which have
often been treated as dumping grounds for polluted lake water. This legislation gives the right
scope to "Everglades restoration," including now the lake, the rivers that flow into and out of it,
and the coastal estuaries affected by them, as well as the Everglades itself.

Credit goes to several leaders -- Lee County commissioners, the Sanibel City Council and
others -- but also to hundreds of ordinary residents and their organizations on both coasts,
including school kids and nature-loving tourists who were angry enough over what was
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happening beginning early last year to demand action. The News-Press started a STOP THE
MUCK campaign, inspired by the ugly mats of algae that smothered seagrass beds in J.N.
"Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge on Sanibel, after releases from the storm-swollen lake.
Source & full story: http://www.news-press.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070515/OPINION/705150336/1015
Ding Darling on the verge of dying? (Ft. Myers,FL,USA)
May 14, 2007, by NBC2 NEWS, WBBH
LEE COUNTY: One of Southwest Florida's most popular wildlife refuges is barely surviving.
Algae has blanketed much of Sanibel's Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge for the past
couple of years. But new concerns have surfaced. If the algae is left unattended, it could leave
Ding Darling barren. Officials at Ding Darling say a carpet of algae exists along the bottom of
the waterways and it's changing the entire habitat.

Kevin Godsea, who works at Ding Darling, says the problem isn't what you see, it's what you
don't see. Godsea says Lake Okeechobee water releases from years ago are still feeding
seven different types algae species. It's gone from laying on the top of the water, to blanketing
the estuary's bottom. Seagrass does try to grow through the algae. But when waves come
along, it folds over the top of the sea grass and kills it. Godsea explained the system is
struggling to rebound, but the
research to help it is lacking since the federal government cut its funding.
Source & full story: http://www.nbc-2.com/articles/readarticle.asp?articleid=12564&z=3&p=
Mooring field seeks permits (St. Petersburg,FL,USA)
May 13, 2007, By Nick Johnson, St. Petersburg Times
GULFPORT - The City Council recently passed a proposal to install a mooring field in Boca
Ciega Bay, and the city has proceeded to the permitting phase. The mooring field would be a
first for Pinellas County but likely not the last. With the increasing value of waterfront property
and a shortage of boat slips, mooring fields are considered a practical solution for area
boaters.

Once moorings are installed, they have little effect on the bottom-dwelling sea life and
seagrass. In an unregulated harbor like Boca Ciega Bay, boaters can drop anchor and stay in
the water indefinitely. Anchors can drag along the bottom, damaging the grass and any animal
life there, and boats are sometimes abandoned.
Source & full story: http://www.sptimes.com/2007/05/13/Neighborhoodtimes/Mooring_field_seeks_p.shtml
Holy cow (Moreton Bay, QLD, Australia)
May 12, 2007, by John Lambert, Courier Mail
IF YOU WERE TO AMPUTATE THE TRUNK FROM AN elephant, punch it squarely in the
nose, lose the ears, legs and tail and add a pair of flippers, a dolphin tail-fluke and cover it all
with coarse bristles, you'd have a dugong. It forages at high tide on seagrass banks, belches
and farts loudly and yet communicates with high, birdlike chirps similar to those of a
canary. One researcher, albeit fondly, described it as having fallen from the ugly tree and
struck every branch on the way down.

Janet Lanyon, a marine scientist with the University of Queensland who is leading the world's
first ongoing "mark-recapture" program within a population in the wild, has witnessed firsthand
the challenges the dugongs are facing. Her research reveals that the Moreton Bay population
can sustain only a small number of mortalities per year. And while she and her colleagues play
a desperate game of "research catch-up", some scientists fear the population may be gone
within 25 years.

Around 500 dugongs now carry titanium tags from the university's Dugong Team. Some also
carry the scars of boat strikes, shark attacks, even failed attempts at spearing. More alarming is
the discovery of lethal chemicals that may be bio-accumulating within the dugongs themselves.
Dangerous PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and dioxins, collectively known as POPs
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(persistent organic pollutants), have been detected and the race is on to determine their levels
and origin. Through a process of bio-magnification, they can pass from the seagrass to the
dugongs, into a female's milk and on to her calves. These toxins were recognised by the United
Nations Environment Program in 1995 as the "Dirty Dozen", to be reduced as a matter of
extreme urgency.
Source & full story: http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,21711077-5003425,00.html
Seagrass Acres Dip 38% In Coastal Bays (Ocean City,MD,USA)
May 11, 2007, By Cara Dahl, The Dispatch
Eleven square miles of coastal bays seagrasses have died off in the last two years, according
to a report by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS). The institute reports that the
coastal bays watershed has seen 38 percent of its bay grasses disappear, dropping from
17,012 acres to 10,548 acres. Grasses in Maryland's coastal bays have declined by roughly
4,000 acres, while Virginia lost about 2,500 acres, from 2004 to 2006.

Bay grasses are prime indicator species of water quality as they are quite sensitive to light
levels. Light filtering into the bays can be reduced through sediment run-off and algae blooms
caused by high nutrients. The culprit in this die off is the combination of high temperatures and
excess nutrients, said Maryland Coastal Bays Program (MCBP) Outreach Coordinator Dave
Wilson.

Water quality monitoring on both sides of the border reported high water temperatures in 2005,
with the bay grass beds appearing to thin out. Aerial surveys could not confirm this, as planes
were either prevented from flying by bad weather, or the water was too cloudy. The influence of
the excess nutrients is perhaps more alarming, particularly in Chincoteague Bay, which is
largely bordered by undeveloped land, and usually suffers less nutrient loading.
Source & full story: http://www.mdcoastdispatch.com/article.php?cid=37&id=425
Requirements for Con Dao re-zoning contest come out (Hanoi,Vietnam)
May 10, 2007, VietNamNet Bridge
The southern province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau has announced requirements for an international
contest to re-zone Con Dao islands into an eco-tourist attraction.

Provincial vice chairman Vo Thanh Ky has signed a dispatch announcing the requirements for
the competition aimed at selecting the best design and architecture ideas for developing the
archipelago off the coast of Vung Tau City in the years to come. A new master plan must center
on a long-term socio-economic development plan for Con Dao and include measures to protect
the environment and historical sites on the islands. The first prize will be US$40,000 in cash,
and the second prize US$20,000. There will also be consolation prizes worth US$10,000 each.

The archipelago is situated at about 185km from Vung Tau and 230km from HCMC, and
comprised of 16 mountainous islands and islets, with the total land area reaching 76 square
kilometers. The largest island is Con Son, also known as Con Lon, famous for its prison built by
the French colonial government. In 1984, the islands became a national park, Con Dao National
Park. Endangered species protected include hawksbill and green turtles and dugongs and
ecosystems include seagrass
and mangroves.
Source & full story: http://english.vietnamnet.vn/travel/2007/05/693486/
Marine weed threatens waterways (Brisbane,Queensland,Australia)
May 10, 2007, UQ News
A marine weed native to Moreton Bay is overgrowing waterways around Australia, in California
and throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The plastic-like weed called Caulerpa taxifolia, invades
naturally occurring seagrass and is only eaten by an uncommon slug that can tolerate its
toxins.

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Waterway and environmental authorities in Australia, Europe and the United States have tried
removing and killing Caulerpa with chlorine, copper sulphate, salt and by hand. UQ PhD
student Dana Burfeind is studying the weed to understand more about how it grows to produce
a model predicting how far and how quickly can spread and how that will impact fish
communities.

Miss Burfeind, who is studying through UQ's Centre for Water Studies in the School of
Engineering, said many authorities were still trying to settle on the best way to stop the weed's
spread, with its introduction blamed largely on the aquarium trade. Miss Burfeind said Caulerpa
was native to Moreton Bay but it has spread across much of western and southern Moreton
Bay, possibly to a decrease in water quality. She said Caulerpa was a serious problem when it
took over seagrass beds which
were important marine nurseries.
Source & full story: http://www.uq.edu.au/news/?article=12033

09 - Dads approve marine protected areas ordinance in Davao City (Philippines)
May 09 2007, Bayanihan.org
The city council finally approved on second reading the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
ordinance after it went through several setbacks in past sessions. Councilor Leonardo Avila III,
chair of the committee on environment and natural resources, said "while the legislation had
several amendments, the essence of the law had been retained.""With the passage of the
ordinance, we can sustain our resources. The number of fishes will increase and their habitats
will be protected," he said.

The ordinance declares Lasang-Bunawan, Punta Dumalag in Matina Aplaya and Centro Agdao
as MPAs. Lasang-Bunawan has a total area of 415 hectares. The area had been the site of
several sightings of whale sharks. The Dumalag area covers 27 hectares and is the home of
marine turtles while the Centro Agdao that covers 21 hectares has healthy coral reefs. The
ordinance seeks to rehabilitate the marine species' critical habitats such as mangrove areas,
seagrass beds, coral reefs and shorelines. It also aims to preserve the endangered species in
the identified areas.
Source & full story: http://www.bayanihan.org/html/article.php/20070509110401166
Dredging report warnings (Melbourne,Australia)
May 09, 2007, by Ashley Gardiner, Melbourne Herald Sun
PORT Phillip Bay's plants, fish and birds will not be safeguarded enough from a major channel
deepening project, a new report has found. But the concerns do not warrant scrapping the $763
million deepening, the Independent Expert Group report says.

The report found there were several flaws in the $100 million supplementary environmental
effects statement. The report also calls for a dumping ground for dredged material to be moved.
The IEG said turbidity (murkiness), was the only water quality measurement proposed to be
monitored. "The IEG does not agree that the environmental limit . . . would protect seagrass,"
the report says.
Source & full story: http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21696191-2862,00.html
Researchers map eelgrass, key to aquatic health (San Rafael,CA,USA)
May 7, 2007, by Mark Prado, Marin Independent journal
Ten volunteers in yellow and orange kayaks, armed with snacks and satellite mapping
equipment, went grass hunting on Richardson Bay. The volunteers from the Richardson Bay
Audubon Center and Sanctuary were on the lookout last week for eelgrass, a long, sinewy
green weed that supports life in San Francisco Bay.

A recent study by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration researchers found the
plant is doing better than it did 15 years ago in the bay, but it is still not as plentiful as expected.
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In 1987, there were 316 acres, and today there are roughly 2,600 acres of eelgrass in the Bay
Area. While that sounds impressive, based on the amount of eelgrass in other estuaries on the
West Coast, there should be as much as 25,000 acres of the grass here, the study concluded.

Researchers say improved water quality in the bay in recent years has eelgrass making a
comeback. But because eelgrass grows in the shallows of the bay, turbidity at the bay's surface
and suspended sediment may be keeping it from a full recovery. The more eelgrass, the better
the marine environment fares, researchers say. Eelgrass provides a nursery area for many fish
and shellfish species. Eelgrass is a major food source, forming the base of food webs and
hosting organisms that
feed directly on its leaves.
Source & full story: http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_5835989
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GALLERY
Semakau (Singapore): 20 May 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/gallery.html
TeamSeagrass is back in action for the super low tides of May. And it's time to check out
Semakau again! The Semakau Landfill is of course, the place where ALL our rubbish ends up.
It might thus seem surprising to find seagrasses nearby. And astonishing that this is probably
Singapore's LARGEST seagrass meadow. Text: Team Seagrass-Singapore.
Torres Strait (Qld): 08-11 May 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/gallery.html
Hammond Island 08 May 2007
Horn Island 09 May 2007
Back Beach, Thursday Is 10 May 2007
Front Beach, Thurs. Is 11 May 2007.
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TRAINING WORKSHOPS
Suva, Fiji, June 16th 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: Cathedral Secondary School Hall, Nasese, Suva
Sponsor: Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Register with Seagrass-Watch HQ by: June 05 2007
Airlie Beach, Queensland, July 14th
2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: TBA
Sponsor: Whitsunday QPWS Volunteers & Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Seagrass-Watch HQ hq@seagrasswatch.org
Broome, Western Australia, September 1st - 2nd
2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: TBA
Participants: Environs Kimberley & Kimberley Land Council
Sponsor: Environs Kimberley, Kimberley Land Council & Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Danielle Bain (08 9192 7741 or 0414 841 519 or email dans_al@westnet.com.au)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
8/07/2007

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FROM HQ
Virtual Herbarium http://www.seagrasswatch.org/herbarium.html

Giveaways http://www.seagrasswatch.org/shop.html#GIVE1
Seagrasses of Australia
Phytoplankton Guide
Seagrass Biology
Bookmarks
Stickers
Seagrass-Watch Newsletter 28 (hardcopy)
Future sampling dates http://www.seagrasswatch.org/sampling.html

Seagrass-Watch News Issue 28 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/newsletters.html

Handy Seagrass Links http://www.seagrasswatch.org/links.html
************************************************************
DISCLAIMER
The views and opinions expressed in this bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the
Queensland Government. News articles posted as a free community service for the purposes of non-commercial
education, research and study; review and the reporting of news; and archived for reference of students and researchers
as a 'fair dealing' activity under Australian Copyright Law.
Seagrass-Watch HQ is supported by the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility
(Department of the Environment and Water Resources) represented in North Queensland by the Reef and Rainforest
Research Centre, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the Queensland Department of Primary
Industries & Fisheries and by private donations.
Seagrass-Watch E- Bulletin is compiled by Len McKenzie & Rudi Yoshida.

8/07/2007

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