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Subject: SEAGRASS-WATCH BULLETIN - 13 June 2007
SEAGRASS-WATCH E- BULLETIN
13 June 2007
Seagrass-Watch's electronic news service, providing marine and coastal news of international and national interest.
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IN THIS BULLETIN
NEWS
Madrid moves to protect Spain from urban development (Orgiva,Granada,Spain)
RP's first commercial hatchery for sea cucumber to rise in Dagupan (Philippines)
Glades Also Could See Pole And Troll Zones (Tampa,FL,USA)
After A Year, Coastal Seagrass Program Seems To Be Having An Impact (Tyler,TX,USA)
Project Greenshores to receive marshes, wave breaks soon (Pensacola,FL,USA)
Fish flee our warm water (Adelaide,South Australia)
Dredging to begin on deep channel for Sebastian Inlet (Jupiter,FL,USA)
National strategy plea (Manama,Bahrain)
Region's estuaries get 'fair' rating (Parksville,British Columbia,Canada)
FAA Commits $72M For Panama City Airport Move (New York,NY,USA)
Plans for Chalong Marina expansion unveiled (Phuket,Thailand)
Restore Seagrass--Recover livelihoods (Thailand)
Desal demands( Sydney,NSW,Australia)
Bay Area now feeling effects of 50 years of warming trends (Oroville,CA,USA)
Villagers back Yamu marina plan (Phuket,Thailand)
Low Okeechobee Bad For Boats But Not Fishing (Tampa,FL,USA)
S/Y Legacy still aground off Florida Keys, cofferdam failed (Fort Lauderdale,FL,USA)
The oceans and us (Suva,Fiji)
GALLERY
Ecofiesta, Townsville (Qld) : 02 June 2007
Yule Point (Qld): 31st May, 2007
TRAINING WORKSHOPS
Suva, Fiji, June 16th
Airlie Beach, Queensland, July 14th
Broome, Western Australia, September 1st - 2nd
FROM HQ
Virtual Herbarium
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8/07/2007
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Handy Seagrass Links
NEWS
Madrid moves to protect Spain from urban development (Orgiva,Granada,Spain)
June 11th, 2007, Olive Press
The Government has introduced a law to stop local town halls reclassifying protected land and
concreting over more of Spain's dwindling coastline. The Natural Heritage and Biodiversity Law
is to have a wider jurisdiction than the existing Conservation of Natural Spaces legislation
(1989). At a cost of 20 million euros, one quarter of Spain's surface area will become
untouchable if the tough new measures are passed by parliament later this year.
Madrid also intends to include marine territory in the new law's jurisdiction to protect the
country's sea life from the damaging effects of pollution and fishing. The news comes as green
group Ecologistas en Accion has asked the European Union to investigate the loss of one-
million square metres of seagrass meadow destroyed in waters off the Costa del Sol in recent
years by over-fishing.
Source & full story: http://www.theolivepress.es/2007/06/11/madrid-moves-to-protect-spain-from-urban-
development/
RP's first commercial hatchery for sea cucumber to rise in Dagupan (Philippines)
June 11 2007, Bayanihan.org
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) is building the country's first-ever
commercial hatchery for sea cucumber to enhance massive raising of the commodity
nationwide. This marks the country' first effort ever to boost the production of this commodity
after it already ranked eighth among the Philippine fishery exports today. The sea cucumber
hatchery, to become the source of juveniles to be disseminated to various coastal areas of the
country, is now rising at the 24-hectare
National Integrated Fisheries Technology Development Center in Dagupan City where the
country's Philippine Bangus Center is also located.
"Beche-de-mer" is a valuable commodity not only as a delicacy found in many Chinese food but
also as a raw material in chemical preparations. A multi-million dollar industry, "beche-de-mer"
was supposed to have earned US$ 1 million in 1992 that grew to US$ 7 million in 2001. Price
rate of dried meat is the U.S. is US$ 180 to US$ 250 per kilogram from the local processors to
intermediaries.
The first commercial hatchery on sea cucumber is being put up by the BFAR with the help of
the World Fish Center, the Australian-based ACIAR or Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research and UPMSI. The BFAR said over 60 coastal municipalities in 14 regions
of the country depend on sea cucumber fishery for livelihood. Sea cucumber is found in shallow
waters inhabiting wide seagrass beds, soft bottom areas, and reefs. The dramatic decline of its
population was due to unsustainable exploitation or gathering of the specie to be sold to local
middlemen or for profit. (PNA)
Source & full story: http://www.bayanihan.org/html/article.php/20070611151048144
Glades Also Could See Pole And Troll Zones (Tampa,FL,USA)
June 10th 2007, By FRANK SARGEANT , TBO.com
Anglers on Little Cockroach Bay are not the only ones faced with large new pole and troll zone
proposals these days. Currently, Everglades National Park is looking at a number of options to
cut down habitat damage from powerboats running the backcountry, and one of them is making
vast areas of the park into no-motor zones.
One of the most drastic proposals in ENP would make all water less than 3 feet deep into a
pole and troll zone. This would put nearly all of the backcountry off limits for outboard operation,
and effectively shut down fishing in tens of thousands of acres, since the distances to many of
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the prime areas are too great to cover on a paddle, pushpole or electric motor.
Not all is gloom and doom as far as powerboaters are concerned; park managers say they are
not trying to shut anglers out, just protect the habitat and avoid user conflicts, for example,
between kayakers and flats boat fishermen. And some of the alternatives would simply be to
better educate powerboaters about waters that offer safe depths for running, and areas to avoid
due to seagrass, rocks or shallow water.
Source & full story: http://sports.tbo.com/sports/MGBY6OSWQ2F.html
After A Year, Coastal Seagrass Program Seems To Be Having An Impact (Tyler,TX,USA)
June 10th 2007, The Tyler Morning Telegraph
ROCKPORT - A year after the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission made it illegal to uproot
seagrasses with a submerged propeller within the boundaries of the Redfish Bay State
Scientific Area, local game wardens are calling compliance with the regulation "good."
The regulation - which went into effect last May 1 - marked the first time the TPW Commission
used its proclamation power to protect coastal habitat and require changes in boater behavior in
the popular fishing destination near Rockport and Aransas Pass.
"I think we still have some folks who are confused about what they can and cannot do out
there," said TPWD Ecosystem Leader Karen Meador. "Anyone in any type of vessel can run
anywhere within the scientific area; just don't uproot seagrasses or dig a prop scar." Meador,
the lead fisheries biologist for the Aransas Bay System, said her staff - along with local game
wardens - have been busy the past year educating the boating public about the new regulation
and the importance of seagrass
conservation.
Source & full story: http://www.tylerpaper.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070610/SPORTS02/706090327
Project Greenshores to receive marshes, wave breaks soon (Pensacola,FL,USA)
June, 8th 2007, By Sean Dugas, Pnj.com
Work should begin by the end of the month to construct salt marshes and wave breaks in the
second phase of Project Greenshores on Pensacola Bay.
Project Greenshores is an effort by the state Department of Environmental Protection, with the
help of city and county officials, to create breakwater reefs that slow wave action and help
create a habitat for seagrass and salt marshes, said Jim Lappert, DEP ecosystem restoration
manager.
Source & full story: http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?
AID=/20070608/NEWS01/706080339/1006
Fish flee our warm water (Adelaide,South Australia)
June 08, 2007, By CARA JENKIN, The Advertiser
FISH commonly caught off South Australia's jetties could disappear as climate change forces
them into colder, deeper waters. Environmentalists believe as global warming causes sea
temperatures to rise, species which are now found off the coast, such as King George whiting,
garfish or perch, may retreat from the coastline.
The CSIRO has predicted sea temperatures could rise by up to 1C by 2030 and 1.7C by 2070
as air temperatures rise up to 3.5C. Flinders University School of Biological Sciences Professor
Peter Fairweather said scientists were concerned local fish would respond to the change by
heading further into the Southern Ocean. He said temperatures were predicted to increase
more rapidly in coming years compared to the past 50 years, which would probably prevent fish
from acclimatising. Local seagrass is also expected to die in warmer waters, which would
reduce the food source for fish.
Source & full story: http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,21868378-2682,00.html
Dredging to begin on deep channel for Sebastian Inlet (Jupiter,FL,USA)
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June 7, 2007, By ELLIOTT JONES, TCPalm
SEBASTIAN -- A 2-mile-long line of flashing nighttime beacons and large floats are being
extended across scenic Indian River Lagoon here. Dredging of the three-quarter-mile long
channel is to last 30 to 45 days. But solving the problem is expensive: $3 million, one-third of
which is because of the project's environmental consequences, principally disruption of
seagrass beds. Concern about protecting the grasses -- that scientists say are vital to marine
life -- has held up the work for years, said Marty Smithson, director of the Sebastian Inlet
District that is doing the project.
To finally get approval, sea grass in the channel's way had to be dug up and transplanted to
neighboring areas. At least 36 caution signs for boaters will be arrayed outside the channel to
keep boaters off the seagrass beds.
Source & full story: http://www1.tcpalm.com/tcp/local_news/article/0,2545,TCP_16736_5573770,00.html
National strategy plea (Manama,Bahrain)
7th June 2007 Gulf Daily News
A CALL for a national plan to reduce the threat to Bahrain's marine turtles went out yesterday.
Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research (BCSR) head of fisheries studies, Dr Ebrahim
Abdulqader said their natural movements from sea to land exposed them to many dangers,
while fishing practices and coastal developments were also placing them at risk.
He said the plan should specify improvements in fishing operations and the introduction of
technology that would save turtles from nets, similar to that now used in many other countries.
Dr Abdulqader said the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) had
categorised all seven species of marine turtles among the red list of internationally threatened
species. "Coastal development activities in the marine habitat may contribute to the continuous
reduction of the sea grass beds, which are the feeding grounds for the dominant green turtle,"
he said.
Source & full story: http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Story.asp?Article=184279&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30079
Region's estuaries get 'fair' rating (Parksville,British Columbia,Canada)
June 06, 2007, By JOE SAUNDERS, Parksville Qualicum News
Sarasota Bay and Tampa Bay are in "fair" condition, according to a report released Tuesday by
the Environmental Protection Agency. But for local environmentalists, fair isn't good enough.
"We're still getting C's across the board," said Stuart DeCew, the regional representative for the
national Sierra Club. "We know we've achieved some goals, but we need to go further."
The report, the first of its kind by the National Estuary Program, ranked 28 of the country's
estuaries, based on factors including water quality, pollution and the health of shellfish such as
oysters, designating them as "poor," "fair" and "good." The results were almost evenly divided,
with 29 percent considered "fair," 32 percent "good" and 37 percent "poor."
Problems facing both Sarasota Bay and Tampa Bay included seagrass loss - 40 percent of
Tampa Bay's seagrasses and half of its marshes disappeared since 1950. Nitrogen pollution in
both bodies continues. However, the good news is that some efforts to reduce pollution and
improve water quality continue.
Source & full story: http://www.bradenton.com/280/story/66916.html
FAA Commits $72M For Panama City Airport Move (New York,NY,USA)
Jun 5, 2007, By Madhu Unnikrishnan, Aviation Week
FAA has pledged $72 million in Airport Improvement Program funds for the relocation of
Panama City-Bay County International Airport to a 4,000-acre parcel of land donated by
Florida's St. Joe Co.
FAA committed the funds, to be disbursed over four years, after concluding that "both physical
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and environmental restrictions at the existing site make it impractical and extremely costly to
update [the airport] to meet FAA standards." The existing airport is hemmed in by residential
and business development on three sides and North Bay on the other. The runway's 59-foot
overrun ends in the bay. Updating the runway to comply with FAA overrun regulations would
be cost-prohibitive on the land side, and it would be illegal to extend it into the water due to 15
acres of protected seagrass directly off the existing runway (Airports, Jan. 31, 2006).
With the FAA's $72 million, the airport authority is within sight of funding the entire $330 million
airport relocation plan, said Kip Turner, executive assistant for the airport. Florida's
Transportation Department has pledged $119 million toward the project, he added.
Source & full story: http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?
channel=comm&id=news/PANA06057.xml&headline=F
Plans for Chalong Marina expansion unveiled (Phuket,Thailand)
June 5, 2007, Phuket Gazette
CHALONG: Three different plans for Phase II of the Chalong Marina Project, which aims to
provide berths for more than 200 vessels to Chalong Bay, were announced at a public hearing
about the project at Muang Phuket School today.
During the hearing, Kumpanart Chewapreecha of Golden Plan Company Ltd, one of three
consulting firms hired by the Marine Department to study the impacts of the project, unveiled
the three alternative designs for the marina. All three involve construction of two large
breakwaters to protect boats in the marina from waves, but differ in the orientation and location
of the berths around a large Customs Immigration and Quarantine (CIQ) facility built out on the
main dock. Under the first two options, existing coral and seagrass beds would be protected by
the breakwaters. Under the third option, they would be removed.
Source & full story: http://www.phuketgazette.net/news/index.asp?fromsearch=yes&Id=5742
Restore Seagrass--Recover livelihoods (Thailand)
18 March 2007, Wetlands.org
15 fishing boats crews or `Reung Pitd' with more than 30 people including seagrass experts and
WWF marine biologists, together replanted 1500 seagrasses collected from a neighboring
natural area of 1600 km2. `Mud at the replanting area is in good condition and suited to
seagrass planting. In addition, natural seagrass which was covered by sediment in the past has
begun to start resurfacing. It is a good trend for sea grass to blossom out in the future.' said a
seagrass expert, Subpachai Dhammachod. On first appearances, `Seagrass areas' may not be
as beautiful or have as much economic value compared to the beauty of coral reef biodiversity
attracting tourism or the same benefits gained from mangrove forests. But fishing communities
at Bann Koh Nok, Klong Chareong and Fai ta feel in totally different ways since the Tsunami.
Supat Budnoi, one of local fishermen who has been living there more than 20 years said
`Before the disaster destroyed various things such as property and natural resource,
communities relied on this seagrass area to make a living either as a main income or as a
supplemental occupation. Collecting sea wing shells which are popular for consumption, horse
crab king crab in some seasons; Fishing for species including Sea Bass and Cod which are
quite common locally were the way of life. Since the Tsunami disaster, the giant wave's
enormous sediment covered a 10 km2 seagrass area. Since then the, the source of living has
disappeared. Although 2 years has already passed, the previous seagrass has not recovered.
The communities now have to fish in the further open sea which costs in time, money and more
risk to personal safety'......more: http://www.seagrasswatch.org/news.html
Desal demands( Sydney,NSW,Australia)
June 4, 2007,By Siobhan Tanner, The Leader
Rockdale Council has demanded a raft of measures from Sydney Water to protect Botany Bay
from the effects of the desalination pipeline from Kurnell to Kyeemagh.
In its submission to the Department of Planning, the council raised several concerns about the
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potential damage to the environment including the disturbance of acid sulphate soils in Botany
Bay and contaminated sediment in the Cooks River which could result in dead fish and plants.
The council wants Sydney Water to undertake any restoration works to Lady Robinsons Beach
needed after the construction and operation of the desalination plant at Kurnell. Also listed as
concerns were the release of potentially polluted water into the stormwater system; the
degradation of seagrass and the spread of a noxious algae weed
Source & full story: http://www.theleader.com.au/2007/06/desal_demands.php
Bay Area now feeling effects of 50 years of warming trends (Oroville,CA,USA)
May 24, 2007, By Douglas Fischer, Mercury-Register
SAN FRANCISCO -- Forget the future. Global warming's impacts -- be they sea-level rise,
weird weather or vast ecological die-offs -- are well under way here and now. Warming trends
during the past 50 years suggest the region will have to rethink how it goes about restoring tidal
wetlands, such as the vast South Bay salt ponds. Some regions being lovingly restored now
may never emerge from low tide 20 to 50 years' hence.
Sea level rise -- half a foot so far since 1900 and as much as three feet in the next century --
will transform how we go about restoring tidal wetlands, said Natalie Cosentino-Manning, a
National Marine Fisheries Service restoration specialist. In most cases, she said, it will make
restoration easier: Areas such as the South Bay salt ponds that have been diked and closed to
the tides will be opened either by backhoe or by nature. Properties too expensive to acquire
today will become cheaper as owners flee to higher ground. But efforts to save the few remnant
patches of eel grass, a critical nursery for fish and crustaceans native to the Bay, are likely
toast, she cautioned. "We're going to have to accept these changes. We won't be able to
restore these habitats in the manner we had intended," she said. "That 1 percent of the San
Francisco Bay that's eel grass may not make it." (Caltrans, partly to mitigate eel grass
damaged by construction of the new Bay Bridge span, has already spent $1 million surveying
eel grass beds throughout the Bay and $8 million to buy 3,300 acres of North Bay marsh and
clear it of old Navy buildings.)
Source & full story: http://www.orovillemr.com/news/bayarea/ci_5975434
Villagers back Yamu marina plan (Phuket,Thailand)
Phuket Gazette
PHUKET CITY: In the latest in a back-and-forth dispute between opposing village groups,
developers and the governmen, about 200 villagers from Baan Yamu in Pa Khlok staged a
peaceful demonstration outside the Phuket Provincial Hall on May 29 to show their support for a
controversial marina project at Cape Yamu.
The planned 60-million-baht project, to be constructed by The Yamu Company, would also
include a 39-berth marina, a hotel covering 100-rai hotel, and other facilities. The marina would
end the villagers reliance on subsistence fishing, move them into more modern vocations and
provide better prospects for their children's futures, the letter said.
Responding to the concerns raised by local groups that the development would harm the
environment, K. Bangsod said, "The seagrass and dugong are nearly all gone. The actual
situation is different from the way environmental groups portray it in the media. Those people
aren't local villagers, so they don't see what it is really like here. "The villagers here know very
well that the seagrass and dugong have almost disappeared. They may be gone entirely."
Pa Khlok-based Phuket Province Local Fishermen Groups Coordination Network, an umbrella
group representing six local fishing rights groups who oppose the project, maintain that the
marina development could damage the seabed, coral, seagrass and in the waters off Cape
Yamu. Phuket's highly-endangered dugong population depend on seagrass as its sole source
of food.
Source & full story: http://www.phuketgazette.net/news/index.asp?fromsearch=yes&Id=5729
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Low Okeechobee Bad For Boats But Not Fishing (Tampa,FL,USA)
May 30, 2007By FRANK SARGEANT Tampa Tribune
Much of Lake Okeechobee looks more like a parched Kansas wheat field than Florida's top
bass lake these days due to record low water. The lake level had hit 9 feet above sea level, and
it's expected to go down another 6 inches this week barring unexpected rains. The drought has
exposed hundreds of acres of bottom in the always shallow "Big O," and made thousands of
acres that are usually navigable water into dangerous mine fields for boaters.
At normal water levels, the 25-mile-wide lake is surrounded by vast marshes, and these areas
and the submerged grasses close to them are where most of the fish are located. But now, all
the water has pulled far away from the grassy edges, forcing the fish into the remaining holes
far from their traditional haunts.
Little Cockroach is extremely shallow and in general not a great fishing venue, but is often used
as a shortcut by flats boats headed from the Little Manatee River to the popular fishing waters
along the South Shore. It's also reportedly a favored poaching area for illegal gill netters in
pursuit of mullet. The EPC says the travel is destroying seagrasses in parts of the bay.
Source & full story: http://sports.tbo.com/sports/MGB2XOW3B2F.html
S/Y Legacy still aground off Florida Keys, cofferdam failed (Fort Lauderdale,FL,USA)
May 31,2007 By Capt. Tom Serio, The Triton
It appears that the latest effort from Peter Halmos to extract his S/Y Legacy from her resting
spot in the Florida Keys for the past 19 months has failed. Legacy, the 158-foot Perini Navi that
Hurricane Wilma blew atop some seagrass a few miles off Key West in October 2005, has
remained there despite efforts and much red tape to get her free.
The latest attempt seemed hopeful: build a cofferdam around the yacht and float her out, a few
hundred feet at a time, to the deep-water channel just beyond her perch. Though she draws 11
feet, she's sitting in less than 2 feet of water. According to a recent story in the Palm Beach
Post, the two-month, $20,000-a-day effort failed. Dragging the vessel out has raised concerns
about the impact that would cause to the environment (the yacht sits in a National Marine
Sanctuary), but pulling her is likely to cause less damage than the cranes and barges used in
traditional salvages. "The recovery effort will involve removing the vessel via the inbound track
to minimize injury to undisturbed seagrass," said Cheva Heck, communications director for the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. "Any additional injury to the area during the removal
will be evaluated for restoration. The area where Legacy is sitting will be graded and replanted
with seagrass at the owner's expense."
Source & full story: http://www.the-triton.com/megayachtnews/index.php?news=1637
The oceans and us (Suva,Fiji)
June 03, 2007, By Akisi Bolabola of WWF Fiji, Fiji Times
"Whether you live along the coast or far inland, each one of us is connected to the world's
ocean. Get inspired, get involved and celebrate is the message to all on World Oceans day."
Oceans cover more than 70 per cent of the earth's surface and no doubt when one looks at the
world map, blue is more dominating in comparison to the green (land area). This dominating
feature sure calls for recognition as nations and communities embark to celebrate World
Oceans Day on June 8.
World Oceans Day has been celebrated since 1992 and on this day communities and
organisations take the opportunity to engage in activities that promote this unique and vast
environment. The oceans play a vital role that at times goes unnoticed in local communities.
Pacific island communities have cultural and traditional connections to the sea. These
traditional and cultural identities are usually displayed in myths, songs, legends, art, dances,
customs and our very own diet.
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To mark world oceans day, some programs have been organised for June 8 by WWF Fiji
Country Program, USP's Institute of Marine Resources, Laje Rotuma Initiative, Department of
Fisheries and Department of Environment. Students from Udu collect data from seagrass
monitoring every term and send to WWF. They have their own equipments to carry out the
monitoring and have been trained by WWF and are assisted by the teachers and community
trainer.......more: http://www.seagrasswatch.org/news.html
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GALLERY
Ecofiesta, Townsville (Qld) : 02 June 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/gallery.html
The Townsville Ecofiesta gave us the opportunity to promote and recruit new members. There
were plenty of activities. Our "Seagrass meadow" was also popular with the community. Text:
Posa Skelton.
Yule Point (Qld): 31st May, 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/gallery.html
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TRAINING WORKSHOPS
Suva, Fiji, June 16th 2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: Corpus Christi Teachers College, Laucala Bay, Nasese, Suva
Sponsor: Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Register with Seagrass-Watch HQ by: June 05 2007
Airlie Beach, Queensland, July 14th
2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: QPWS Offices, Airlie Beach
Sponsor: Whitsunday QPWS Volunteers & Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Seagrass-Watch HQ hq@seagrasswatch.org
Broome, Western Australia, September 1st - 2nd
2007 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/training.html#wrkshop07
Location: TBA
Participants: Environs Kimberley & Kimberley Land Council
Sponsor: Environs Kimberley, Kimberley Land Council & Seagrass-Watch HQ
Contact: Danielle Bain (08 9192 7741 or 0414 841 519 or email dans_al@westnet.com.au)
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FROM HQ
Virtual Herbarium http://www.seagrasswatch.org/herbarium.html
Giveaways http://www.seagrasswatch.org/shop.html#GIVE1
Seagrasses of Australia
Phytoplankton Guide
Seagrass Biology (volume 2 only)
8/07/2007
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Bookmarks
Stickers
Seagrass-Watch Newsletter 28 (hardcopy)
Future sampling dates http://www.seagrasswatch.org/sampling.html
Seagrass-Watch Newsletter Issue 29 http://www.seagrasswatch.org/newsletters.html
Handy Seagrass Links http://www.seagrasswatch.org/links.html
************************************************************
DISCLAIMER
The views and opinions expressed in this bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the
Queensland Government. News articles posted as a free community service for the purposes of non-commercial
education, research and study; review and the reporting of news; and archived for reference of students and researchers
as a 'fair dealing' activity under Australian Copyright Law.
Seagrass-Watch HQ is supported by the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility
(Department of the Environment and Water Resources) represented in North Queensland by the Reef and Rainforest
Research Centre, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the Queensland Department of Primary
Industries & Fisheries and by private donations.
Seagrass-Watch E- Bulletin is compiled by Len McKenzie & Rudi Yoshida.
8/07/2007