REQUEST FOR CEO ENDORSEMENT/APPROVAL
PROJECT TYPE: Medium-sized Project
THE GEF TRUST FUND
Submission Date: April 22, 2008
Re-submission Date:
PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION
GEFSEC PROJECT ID: 3187
Expected Calendar
GEF
Milestones Dates
AGENCY PROJECT ID:
C
Work Program (for FSP)
NA
OUNTRY(IES): Viet Nam
PROJECT TITLE: Demonstration of Sustainable
GEF Agency Approval
June 2008
Management of Coral Reef Resources in the Coastal
Implementation Start
July 2008
Waters of Ninh Hai District, Ninh Thuan Province, Viet
Mid-term Review (if planned)
July 2009
Nam
Implementation Completion
June 2011
GEF AGENCY(IES): UNEP, (select), (select)
OTHER EXECUTING PARTNER(S): Institute of
Oceanography, Viet Nam
GEF FOCAL AREA(S): International Waters, (select), (select),
GEF-4 STRATEGIC PROGRAM(S): IW Strategic Programme 1
NAME OF PARENT PROGRAM/UMBRELLA PROJECT: N/A
A. PROJECT FRAMEWORK (Expand table as necessary)
Project Objective: The objective of the project is to demonstrate integrated management of regionally
significant coral reef and seagrass habitats connected to the South China Sea for the prevention of future
ecosystem degradation and sustainable utilization of coastal resources at the site.
The project aims to establish a marine protected area (MPA) for the effective management of 1,070 ha of
coral reef, including a total 40 ha of seagrass, at Ninh Hai through the establishment of a cross-sectorial and
participatory management scheme, integrated management plan, and demarcation.
Indicate
GEF
Co-
whether
Expected
Expected
Financing*
financing*
Total ($)
Project Components
Investmen
Outcomes
Outputs
($)
%
($)
%
t, TA, or
STA**
1. Improving area
TA
Management
Institutional
218,565
43 292,842
57
511,407
management through
framework
arrangement for
cross-sectorial and
established
cross-sectorial
and the
management,
participatory approaches
management
integrated
capacity
management plan,
improved
demarcation,
enforcement and
surveillance of
regulations and
legislation,
rehabilitation of
damaged habitats
through the
participatory
approach, habitat
monitoring system
2. Pilot project on
TA
Unsustainable
Alternative
87,200
30 201,824
70
289,024
alternative measures for
exploitation of measures for
sustainable income-
natural
sustainable
1
generation for the local
resources
income-
community
reduced
generation ex.
Sustainable
eco-tourism,
livelihoods of
aquaculture
local people
developed
3. Capacity Building
TA
Knowledge
Awareness
60,445
92
5,395
8
65,840
and awareness raising
and skills
raising
for the
materials,
training
management workshop on
of coral reef sustainable use
habitats
and professional
increased
skills, exchange
of information
and experience
4. Project management
40,690
58
28,225
42
68,915
Total Project Costs
406,900
528,286
935,186
* List the $ by project components. The percentage is the share of GEF and Co-financing respective to the total amount
for the component.
** TA = Technical Assistance; STA = Scientific & technical analysis.
B. FINANCING PLAN SUMMARY FOR THE PROJECT ($)
For the record:
Total at CEO
Project Preparation*
Project
Agency Fee
Endorsement
Total at PIF
GEF
N/A
406,900
40,690
447,590
447,590
Co-financing
N/A
528,286
528,286 528,286
Total
N/A
935,186
40,690
975,876 975,876
* Please include the previously approved PDFs and PPG, if any. Indicate the amount already approved as
footnote here and if the GEF funding is from GEF-3. Provide the status of implementation and use of fund for the
project preparation grant in Annex D.
C. SOURCES OF CONFIRMED CO-FINANCING, including co-financing for project preparation for both
the PDFs and PPG.
(expand the table line items as necessary)
Name of co-financier
Classification
Type
Amount ($)
%*
(source)
Provincial
Cash
71%
Nui Chua National Park
376,009
government
Ninh Thuan Department of
Provincial
Cash
4%
19,430
Science & Technology
government
Ninh Thuan Sub-department
Provincial
Cash
4%
22,152
of Fisheries Protection
government
Various national and
21%
Government and
provincial agencies and local
In-kind 110,695**
NGOs
communities
Total Co-financing
528,286
100%
* Percentage of each co-financier's contribution at CEO endorsement to total co-financing.
** An amendment was made from approved PIF based on the expressed co-financing amount.
D. GEF RESOURCES REQUESTED BY FOCAL AREA(S), AGENCY(IES) OR COUNTRY(IES)
(in $)
GEF Agency
Focal Area
Country Name/
Global
Project
Agency
Preparation
Project
Fee
Total
(select)
(select)
2
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
(select)
Total GEF Resources
* No need to provide information for this table if it is a single focal area, single country and single GEF Agency
project.
E. PROJECT MANAGEMENT BUDGET/COST
Total
Cost Items
Estimated
GEF
Other sources
Project total
person weeks
($)
($)
($)
Local consultants*
465
40,690 21,720 62,410
International consultants*
0
0 0 0
Office facilities, equipment,
0
4,505
4,505
vehicles and communications**
Travel**
0 2,000 2,000
Total
40,690 28,225 68,915
* Provide detailed information regarding the consultants in Annex C.
** Provide detailed information and justification for these line items.
F. CONSULTANTS WORKING FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE COMPONENTS:
Estimated
GEF
Other sources
Project total
Component
person weeks
($)
($)
($)
Local consultants*
155 21,000 87,515 108,515
International consultants*
0
Total
21,000 87,515 108,515
* Provide detailed information regarding the consultants in Annex C.
G. DESCRIBE THE BUDGETED M&E PLAN:
INDICATIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION WORK PLAN AND CORRESPONDING BUDGET
Type of M&E
Objective
Responsible
Budget US$
Verification and
activity
Parties
Time frame
Confirm with project team
PSC meeting
goals and objectives and agree
minutes submit by
on M&E processes and
DSCU to IA/EA
responsibilities; establish
UNEP
immediately
Project Steering
quality assurance mechanism
EA/IO
following PSC
Committee and
US $6,000
by project team, IA and EA
PSC
meeting
inception meeting
and provide briefing on
DSCU
reporting requirements. Make
necessary decisions on project
implementation start up.
Biological Survey for
Establish biological baseline
DSCU
US $ 20,000
Expert(s) will
MPA
for MPA utilizing available
External expert(s)
conduct the survey
data and identify any gaps of
and submit survey
data necessary for project
report to DSCU
monitoring purposes;
upon completion of
tasks
Socio-economic
Establish socio-economic
DSCU
US $ 9,200
Expert(s) will carry
3
Survey around MPA
baseline around MPA
External expert(s)
out the survey and
submit report to
DSCU upon
completion of tasks
Biological monitoring
Monitor impact of project
DSCU
US $ 19,005
Expert(s) and DSCU
of selected coral reefs
activities on coral reef and
External expert(s)
will prepare at least
seagrass ecosystems
two monitoring
reports during the
project lifetime and
submit them to
steering committee
Socio Economic
Monitor improvement of
DSCU
US $ 12,800
Expert(s) and DSCU
monitoring
fishing practices
External expert(s)
will prepare periodic
monitoring reports
and submit them to
steering committee
APR and PIR
Report of EA to IA on
UNEP
None Annually
submitted
progress of project
EA/IO
by EA to UNEP
implementation
(UNEP to GEF)
Progress Reports (every 6
PSC/DSCU report to EA/IA
UNEP
Submitted to UNEP
months)
on progress of project
EA/IO
None
by the end of 7th
implementation
PSC
month and 13th
DSCU
month
Financial report
Report of financial status to IA UNEP
EA submits to
(Quarterly)
EA/IO
None
UNEP every 3
DSCU
months
Annual Financial Audit Conduct financial audit
UNEP
EA submits to
annually
EA/IO
None
UNEP by the end of
DSCU
the 13th month
External auditor
(annual)
Mid-term and final
SC and Stakeholder meeting
UNEP
Meeting report from
meeting to measure
to discuss mid-term evaluation EA/IO
US$8,000
EA to UNEP
project progress
and make adjustment of
PSC
project implementation (see
DSCU
below MTE and TE)
Stakeholders
Medium Term Review
Evaluation of project progress
UNEP
(MTE)
and recommendations to
EA/IO
US$2,000
PSC/IA/EA on future
PSC
implementation
DSCU
Final External
Conduct comprehensive
UNEP (managed by
At the end of project
Evaluation
evaluation of the project
EOU)
US$7,500
implementation (3
implementation
EA/IO
months before
PSC
project completion)
DSCU
External evaluator
Terminal Report
Final project implementation
UNEP
EA submits to
report
EA/IO
UNEP at the end of
PSC
None
project
DSCU
implementation
External evaluator
Financial Audit
Audit financial status of
UNEP
EA submits to
project
EA/IO
UNEP at the end of
None
DSCU
project
External auditor
implementation
TOTAL
4
INDICATIVE COST
US $ 84,505
Excluding project team
staff time and travel
expenses
5
PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
A. DESCRIBE THE PROJECT RATIONALE AND THE EXPECTED MEASURABLE GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
1. Vietnam, with more than 3,200 km of mainland and island coasts facing the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand, is an important reservoir of tropical marine biodiversity, sharing strong
biogeographic affinities with neighboring countries at the global biodiversity centre. Coral
reefs, mangroves and seagrasses are important habitats in coastal waters of Vietnam, playing
important roles as reservoirs of biodiversity, for fisheries and tourist development in the
coastal zone.
2. Despite the importance of coastal and marine environments in Vietnam, coastal habitats have
not been properly managed. Like most countries in the Southeast Asian region, burgeoning
human populations in coastal areas threatens the ecological integrity of many coastal and
marine areas in Vietnam. Many coral reef areas have been degraded through over-
exploitation, destructive fishing practices, coastal development, tourism, and pollution. This
degradation and loss of coastal habitats in Vietnam has local, national, regional and global
implications, and is the focus of concerted efforts by inter-governmental, government and
non-government organizations. Escalating degradation of these habitats has become a
pressing national issue with far reaching environmental and socio-economic consequences.
3. The proposed demonstration site in Ninh Hai District, in the coastal zone of south-central
Vietnam, consists of some 1,070 ha of coral reefs with 40 ha of seagrass beds. It received its
high-ranking in the prioritisation analysis of potential demonstration sites under the
framework of the UNEP-GEF South China Sea Project (SCS) because of its diverse fringing
coral reefs and seagrass beds, which function as a nationally and regionally important
spawning and nursery area for sea turtles. Many mainland fringing coral reefs are already
significantly degraded in Vietnam and other countries bordering the South China Sea. Only
several mainland turtle spawning and growing sites remain in the region. The coral reefs and
seagrass beds of the area are also considered as important refugia(spawning and/or feeding
grounds) for regional significant fish species such as mackerel Scomberomorus sp. and tuna
Auxis sp.
4. Ninh Hai is one of the few remaining sites in Vietnam where coastal and marine habitats are
still in good condition. The area was previously designated as Nui Chua Nature Reserve
(1997-2003), mainly focusing on the conservation of dry forests and primates on land. In
2003, the status of the nature reserve was upgraded to the Nui Chua National Park; and its
conservation interest was extended to marine components. Although the conservation of
coastal and marine habitats was not the major interest of the nature reserve until 2003,
previous conservation activities on land provided a certain degree of protection to the marine
environment, as the landscape and water courses are mostly undisturbed, and future land-
based development threats are restricted.
5. The coastal and marine habitats in Ninh Hai, however, face various anthropogenic threats
such as: over-fishing; destructive and illegal harvesting of coastal and marine resources;
collection of live corals and mining; and siltation. These threats have not been effectively
addressed to date due to the a lack of an integrated management plan for the site, mainly as a
6
result of limited financial and human resources. There is a strong need for immediate
interventions to address such threats and their root-causes.
6. It should be also noted that there are very few remaining opportunities nationally or
regionally to develop adjacent marine and terrestrial protected areasconferring high
importance to the present proposal. The small local human population of several thousand
people is composed mostly of fishing families residing in coastal villages. They have shown
notable motivation towards conservation and sustainable development.
Background
7. This proposed medium-sized project has been developed and is proposed in accordance with
a regional agreement made by the Intergovernmental Steering Committee of UNEP/GEF
project entitled Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and
Gulf of Thailand (SCS Project) launched in 2002. The SCS Project was developed and
implemented on the basis of Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and a draft Strategic
Action Programme (SAP) for the South China Sea prepared between 1996 and 1999. The
overall goals of the SCS Project are: "to create an environment at the regional level, in which
collaboration and partnership in addressing environmental problems of the South China Sea,
between all stakeholders, and at all levels is fostered and encouraged; and to enhance the
capacity of the participating governments to integrate environmental consideration into
national development planning."
8. To attain the overall goal, the SCS Project aims to address the priority environmental
problems of the South China Sea marine basin, identified in the TDA, through further
elaboration of the draft regional SAP and the provision of models of sustainable use through
initiation of demonstration activities in the priority habitats. It is hoped that active replication
of these activities and translocation of successful management models will be achieved
through mechanisms established in the project for the exchange of information and examples
of good practice. By focusing on sites for which regional priority is high, the project aims to
meet the double objective of conserving globally significant biological diversity whilst at the
same time developing, testing and refining interventions and management actions that can be
applied more widely throughout the region.
9. The three components of the SCS Project are: i) Habitat Degradation and Loss, ii) Over
Exploitation of Fisheries in the Gulf of Thailand, and iii) Land-based Pollution. The first
component "Habitat Degradation and Loss" addresses four priority habitats, namely i)
mangrove, ii) coral reef, iii) seagrass, and iv) wetlands1. These habitats were identified as
being the highest priority in the region due to ongoing rates of degradation and their regional
and global significance. The seven (7) participating countries, namely Cambodia, China,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, agreed that these should be priority
focal areas during initial SAP implementation.
10. During the third meeting of the inter-governmental Project Steering Committee, held in
Manila, March 2004 participating governments agreed to the selection and funding of 11
habitat demonstration sites through the project budget, to seek GEF MSP funding for an
additional 7 priority sites, and to nominate at least one nationally funded site from each
country for inclusion in the network established through this project. The proposed Ninh Hai
1 The SCS Project focuses its activities on five coastal wetland types, namely: estuaries (including deltas), lagoons,
intertidal mudflats, peat swamps, and non-peat swamps.
7
site in Ninh Thuan province, Viet Nam is included among the seven sites for which GEF
MSP funding is sought.
11. The SCS Project has undertaken a transparent, scientific and objective regional procedure to
characterise, rank and select demonstration sites based on environmental and socio-economic
criteria and indicators that were discussed and agreed at the regional level. To achieve
maximum impact from a limited number of interventions, the Project Steering Committee
adopted a three-step regional procedure to prioritise and select demonstration sites. Full
details of this procedure are contained in the reports of the Regional Working Group
meetings on the project website (www.unepscs.org) but it may be outlined as follows:
Step1. A cluster analysis was conducted to review the similarities and differences of all
proposed sites, using data and information assembled at the national level that described the
physical and biological characteristics of the systems under consideration. This analysis was
used to group sites of high degrees of similarity within which priority could be determined.
Step2. The Regional Working Group on Coral Reefs developed a set of criteria and indicators
with an associated numerical scoring system, encompassing environmental and socio-
economic characteristics;
Step3. The proposed sites were scored according to the agreed system and ranked within each
cluster. Rank order was considered to represent regional priority.
12. A total of 136 potential demonstration sites (26 mangrove sites, 43 coral reef sites, 26
seagrass sites, and 41 wetland sites) were initially nominated by, the governments of
participating countries. Ranking of the sites was based on two matrices; one of environmental
indicators of biodiversity at the species and system levels, transboundary significance, and
area of the site; and the second of socio-economic indicators that included indicators of the
reversibility of the threats, the extent of stakeholder involvement or potential for involvement
in management and the willingness of partners to provide co-financing. Only environmental
indicators were used in the cluster analysis but both sets were used in determining rank within
each cluster.
13. The Ninh Hai coral reef site in Ninh Thuan province, Viet Nam ranked as the second most
important site overall, and second in terms of its biological and environmental significance.
Interventions at the other three highly-ranked sites are being funded through the existing
South China Sea Project2. Rich aquatic biodiversity found in Ninh Hai and imminent threats
to its coral reef habitats have resulted in this high ranking among the 43 potential
demonstration sites.
14. Because of the rich biodiversity, as well as its social and economic circumstances such as its
importance in national priority, the reversibility of current threats and level of direct
stakeholder involvement, Ninh Hai was highly ranked among a number of potential
demonstration sites nominated by the SCS participating countries. The proposed project site
covers the area designated as Nui Chua National Park in 2003.
15. The proposed project will be implemented within the framework of the SCS Project. Lessons
learnt from all demonstration projects will be disseminated and exchanged both nationally
2 See Annex 13: Site Characterisation and Site Selection in the Coral Reef Sub-component of the SCS Project
8
and regionally utilizing the regional framework for information and experience exchange
developed by the SCS Project3.
Site Information
16. The Ninh Hai district coastal area belonging to Ninh Thuan Province, south-central Vietnam
is located at 11o 72'-11o58' N to 109o22'-109o12' E. Most of the adjacent coastal land in the
area, extending to the peaks of the coastal range, forms part of the Nui Chua National Park.
Environment and resource management initiatives within this National Park mainly focus on
forest conservation; and have only recently been extended to include marine components.
17. Approximately 1,070 ha of coral reefs and 40 ha of seagrass beds are found in Ninh Hai
coastal waters. Coral reefs are distributed along 30 km of the district's shoreline, and sustain
rich biodiversity. The site is located near the centre of a major "upwelling" area on Vietnam's
coast. The cooler waters from upwelling reduce the threat of coral bleaching and associated
biodiversity degradation caused by high sea temperatures in Summer.
18. Some 307 reef-building coral species in 54 scleractinian genera, 3 species of seagrass, 190
species of macro-algae, 147 species of reef-associated fishes, 115 species of molluscs, 24
species of crustaceans, 13 species of echinoderms and 22 species of polychaetes were
recorded in recent years in Ninh Hai waters. Cover of living corals at 6 locations surveyed in
2002 ranged from 16.3 to 55.9 %, with a mean value of 36.9 ± 13.5 %.
19. The reefs support a large number of new distribution records for Vietnam, some of which are
considered to be globally uncommon or rare. These coral communities show considerable
differences in species composition and community structure from those of further north and
south, thus provide a high degree of complementarity in development of an integrated,
representative national and regional MPA network. The reefs also support coral populations
of regional significance in terms of maintenance and replenishment, notably the species-rich
Montipora assemblages. Thus, the area is considered as a potential source in transporting
larvae to other areas in the South China Sea.
20. The marine waters comprise a diverse array of habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds
and the beaches are one of the most important mainland nesting sites of global/regional
endangered sea turtles such as Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata and Caretta caretta.
Some other species including the giant clams Tridacna squamosa and Tridacna crocea, and
top shell Trochus niloticus are also listed at nationally and regionally endangered level.
21. The reefs in the area are home for regional transient fish species such as mackerel
Scomberomorus sp. and tuna Auxis sp. and are considered as spawning and/or feeding
grounds of these migratory species who annually migrate from March to August. Annual total
fish landings from the site is estimated between 100 150 tonnes per year.
Current Use
22. Exploitation of marine resource is important for the economy of the region. Socio-economic
surveys conducted in 2002 indicated that some 29.8 % of households depend on fisheries.
The households are mainly in Vinh Hy, Thai An and My Hoa villages of Vinh Hai
3 See Annex 11: Framework for Regional Coordination, Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel Exchange
between Sites (UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCS.3/3 Annex 8)
9
Commune, and My Tan and My Hiep villages of Nhon Hai Commune. Fishing in the area is
largely small-scale in nature, using simple fishing gears or methods due to the small engine
size of the fishing boats. Fishing activities are mostly conducted in shallow water areas of
less than 30m , consequently increasing the pressure on marine resources and habitats at the
site.
23. Mechanisms for the management of the area's natural resources are complicated. Nui Chua
National Park, upgraded from the national reserve to National Park in 2003 incorporates a
marine component of 7,352 ha. However, due to a lack of management capacity, management
mainly focuses on terrestrial area of the park. The marine component has been managed by
the Sub-department of Fisheries Protection under the Ninh Thuan Department of Fisheries.
Due to staff shortages and a low operational budget, the sub-department has insufficient
capacity to manage the area.
24. Several activities have taken place at the site over the past 7 years with support from
international, national and provincial agencies. These include: sea turtle conservation; coral
reef surveys; public awareness raising on marine conservation. Currently, there are two
stations operating for the protection of sea turtles with the involvement of local volunteers.
Two stations have also been established at Thai An (Vinh Hai Commune) and My Hiep
(Nhon Hai Commune) to protect coral reefs and marine resources.
Threats and root-causes
25. Although the condition of coral reefs and seagrass beds remain relatively good, these habitats
are under increasing pressure and subject to damage from a wide range of human activities
and natural causes such as:
26. Over-fishing: Many commercial species are under the increasing pressure of over-fishing.
Although the fishing capacity of small-scale fishing boats is not high, there is a significant
cumulative pressure from large-scale commercial fishing boats coming from both in and
outside the province, averaging between 10-20 fishing boats per day/night during the fishing
season of AprilAugust. Introduction of advanced fishing technology, including hookah air
diving for catching juvenile lobsters for aquaculture and the use of fluorescent lights to attract
pelagic fish and cephalopod species for capture by purse seine and jig methods has raised
concerns for the sustainability of economically important marine resources at the site.
27. Destructive and illegal harvesting: Destructive harvesting methods, such as cyanide to stun
fish and dynamite fishing take place at the site. Anchoring on coral reefs also causes the
damage.
28. Collection of live corals and mining: Although these activities have been reduced during
recent years, they still take place at the site. Live corals, mainly branching corals Acropora
and Pocillopora are collected for the souvenir trade by some fishermen from Thai An and
Vinh Hy villages (Vinh Hai Commune) and from adjacent villages in the province and
neighboring province (Khanh Hoa). Mining of dead coral blocks takes place to supply local
limekilns for cement production. These activities continue to damage and degrade reefs in the
area.
10
29. Siltation: Construction of two new fishing ports at My Tan village of Nhon Hai Commune
and Ninh Chu, and annual dredging of deepening channels, have generated sediments which
have impacted on the coral reefs around the construction sites.
30. Others: Predation by crown-of-thorns seastars (COTS), pollution from the mainland and
shrimp farming are other threats to coral reefs and the marine environment. Outbreaks of
COTS have occurred further north, and local control measures may need to be introduced as
priority.
The causal-chain analysis carried out during the development of project concept identified the
following root causes of the above threats:
31. Weak area management: Lack of an effective and integrated area management plan; lack of
collaboration among relevant government offices and community participation; lack of
proper regulations and low enforcement of relevant regulations and management capacity.
32. Lack of public awareness and capacity for the coastal resources conservation and
management: knowledge and awareness of the value and importance of coastal and marine
ecosystems and its sustainable utilization are low among local communities but also among
provincial managers and decision-makers. Local resource managers have limited capacity and
lack the tools required to make informed decisions on coral reef conservation and
management.
33. Lack of alternative income generation options made low income fishermen to overly
depend on coastal and marine resources.
34. These threats and root causes are not currently being addressed.
Overall Goal of Project
35. The overall goal of the proposed project is to reduce environmental stress on transboundary
water body of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, through the further elaboration of
the draft Strategic Action Programme and the implementation of a network of demonstration
activities at sites of regional and global significance.
Project Objectives
36. This proposed project aims to demonstrate measures to reduce the stress on regionally
significant coral reef and seagrass habitats connected to the South China Sea through
conserving critical marine biodiversity, preventing ecosystem degradation and promoting
sustainable utilisation of marine and coastal resources of Ninh Hai waters.
37. To demonstrate the measure, the project will establish Ninh Hai as a marine protected area
(MPA). Effective management of coral reefs at Ninh Hai will be achieved by developing an
integrated management plan that is based on cross-sectorial and participatory management
and demarcation.
38. More specifically, this demonstration project aims to attain the following benefits:
11
Ecosystem benefit: protection of coral reef and associated habitats;
Transboundary benefits: conservation of spawning and nursery grounds for fish and other
marine animals of transboundary significance; and
Local benefits: increased alternative opportunities for sustainable income-generation.
39. As a demonstration project operated under the umbrella of the SCS Project, it will be
implemented in close collaboration with other demonstration projects developed under the
SCS Project; and lessons learnt from each project will be exchanged and disseminated
nationally and regionally through the SCS Project framework for information and experience
exchange4.
Expected Project Outcomes
40. The anticipated outcome of this proposed project is the conservation of coastal and marine
ecosystems within the established marine protected area (MPA). This outcome will contribute
to national and regional biodiversity conservation goals. The established MPA will be an
important link to the development of national MPA network in Viet Nam. The MPA will act
as a national and regional model for the development of similar community-based MPAs
elsewhere.
Outcome 1: Improved area management through cross-sectorial and participatory
approaches
41. Coordinating mechanisms among a wide range of relevant stakeholders for the management
of coastal and marine resources and ecosystems is successfully established. Diverse local
stakeholders will play a leading role to ensure their ownership of and commitment to project
implementation. At the inception stage, the coordinating mechanisms will be flexible enough
to make some adjustment to maintain the active involvement of local communities so the
`momentum' can be kept even after the completion of demonstration project. Three sub-
demonstration sites will be managed with active participation of local communities, tourism
sector, Border Army, and the National Park management office.
42. Integrated management plan for sustainable use of coastal and marine resources will be
developed and/or updated, based on comprehensive data and information obtained from the
surveys and monitoring during project implementation. Database will be created and
regularly updated. The usage of data is not limited to this project but will be used for broader
sustainable development of the district. Improved management capacity of the Sub-
department of Fisheries Protection and Nui Chua National Park office and local communities
will enhance the effective management of area's coastal and marine resources thus
effectiveness of management of coastal and marine ecosystems and environment quality in
MPA will be increased. In parallel, activities such as reforestation and solid waste
management will minimise negative impacts from the land based activities to marine habitats.
Outcome 2: Pressure to coral reef ecosystems derived from unsustainable livelihoods is
reduced
43. Pressure on the ecosystem of Ninh Hai waters will be reduced due to improvement of the
livelihoods of local people by sustaining fishing from MPA core zones, aquaculture and
4 See Annex 11: Framework for Regional Coordination, Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel Exchange
between Sites (UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCS.3/3 Annex 8)
12
sustainable tourism on coral reefs. Alternative livelihood options are designed and
implemented to improve economic situation of the coastal communities while reducing
pressure on ecosystems.
Outcome 3: Knowledge and skills for the management of coral reef habitats are increased
44. Training and awareness raising campaign will increase stakeholder awareness on coastal and
marine conservation and their positive contribution to the conservation efforts expected.
Local managers and park staff will participate in on-the-job training activities and capacity
building workshops on planning, management, stakeholder communication, and biodiversity
and socio-economic monitoring. Information dissemination and lessons learnt sharing will be
encouraged both at national and regional levels as part of the SCS Framework for Regional
Dissemination of Experiences.
Outputs and Activities
Provisional outputs and activities to achieve the expected outcomes are:
Component 1: Improving Area Management through Cross-sectorial and Participatory
approaches
1.1Institutional arrangements for cross-sectorial management established
45. Institutional arrangements for cross-sectorial management will be established to ensure the
participation of all relevant stakeholders. The Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be
established under the leadership of the Vice-Chairman of Ninh Thuan Provincial People
Committee (PPC) with its provisional members from the Institute of Oceanography (IO),
National Focal Point for Coral Reefs and relevant local government agencies.
46. Institute of Oceanography (IO), project's executing agency, will invite experts to form an
Advisory Group (AG). The AG includes legal, economic, and social experts, marine
ecologists and scientists from different areas, provincial tourism departments, NGOs and
representatives from the local communities.
47. The Demonstration Site Co-ordinating Unit (DSCU) will be appointed by IO to execute
demonstration activities and will be supervised by the PSC. The DSCU will be composed of a
site manager appointed from IO and two provincial collaborators from the Department of
Science and Technology.
1.2. Integrated Management Plan including zoning plan will be developed and adopted
48. The IO will appoint expert teams to carry out marine biodiversity and fisheries assessments.
The teams will gather existing scientific data and information to assess the current status of
coastal and marine ecosystems to identify area's highly important species for conservation
and productivity of coral reefs and seagrasses, socio-economic condition of local
communities for integrated management and zoning plan.
49. The teams will also assist in developing a community-based monitoring program and provide
advice on biodiversity-related issues in the MPA planning process of the project area. Data
and information of socio-economic conditions of local communities including living
13
condition, gender, employment, population, utilizations of resources, etc at the project site
will be collected as baseline information.
50. Based on the biophysical and socio-economic analysis, a detailed zoning plan and integrated
management will be prepared for the stakeholder review. The stakeholder consultation
meeting will be organized by the Ninh Thuan PPC to receive their feedback and to seek their
cooperation in its implementation. Both zoning plan and integrated management plan aim to
achieve optimal outcomes for biodiversity conservation, replenishment of fish stocks, and
improved socio-economic condition of local communities. Upon approval, plans and the
guideline for the integrated management plan will be published and necessary regulations
will be adapted according to the plans.
1.3 Demarcation established and enforcement of relevant regulations implemented with
communities participation
51. Demarcation, zoning for sustainable use of coastal and marine resources, will be established
and enforcement of relevant regulations implemented. Local communities will play a key role
in surveillance and enforcement of system in partnership with project's DSCU and agencies
such as Nui Chua National Park, Ninh Thuan Sub-Department of Fisheries Protection, and
Border Army.
52. This activity will develop a cooperation mechanism between different stakeholders and other
agencies in conserving marine habitats and other related resources of the area. On-the-ground
collaboration among different stakeholders will develop three or four sub-sites (models) near
the shore which will be managed by different stakeholders. One small site may be managed
by tourism companies, one by village communities and one by Nui Chua National Park,
while the Sub-Department of Fisheries Protection (Sub-DOFP) will manage deeper
surrounding waters. The boundary of some restricted areas (full protection) will be marked
and managed by authorities who are responsible for its protection.
53. Lessons learnt from implementation of this management system will be shared at local,
national and international forums providing potential replication opportunity to some other
areas in Vietnam and in elsewhere.
1.4 Rehabilitation of some damaged environment implemented with community participation
54. Through the implementation of project, some of the damaged coral reefs and coastal forest
will be rehabilitated. The forest along the coast of the buffer zone of Nui Chua National Park
will be replanted in order to reduce run-off to surrounding waters. Damaged reefs will be
rehabilitated with technical support from the scientific institutions and with the involvement
of local volunteers and park staff. Annual campaigns to collect adults crown thorn starfish at
"hotspot" reefs will be conducted. Training workshops and campaigns for the local
community to clean up the beaches will also be implemented.
1.5 Monitoring system of coral reefs and seagrass beds habitats and annual monitoring
established
55. The monitoring systems will be established to assess and meet the requirements of successful
management programs over the medium-long term. Biological and socio-economic indicators
and locations for the monitoring will be identified and community-based monitoring program
for coral reefs and seagrass beds will be developed. Area's ecological changes will be
14
monitored throughout the project implementation and annual monitoring reports and
recommendation will be submitted to PMB for necessary adjustment of management plan.
Component 2: Pilot Projects on Sustainable Income-Generation Options
2.1 Pilot projects on diverse sustainable income-generation options established and
implemented
56. The project will assist in the development of economic schemes to support diverse Income
Generation Option (IGO) pilot projects to reduce pressure to the area's ecosystems while
improving the livelihoods of local people. The activities include; marine aquaculture
(lobsters, sea cucumbers, seaweeds) and ecotourism (souvenirs made from local products,
locally based-ecotourism). The training for the local communities and technical supports will
be provided to raise capacity of local participants for the changes. The project team will work
with local stakeholders within the Demo site to select and design IGO pilot project
2.2 Sustainable Financial Strategy will be developed for MAP
57. Also, the team will collaborate with key stakeholders (provincial government, local
communities, private sector) to prepare the Sustainable Financing Strategy (ex. tourism user
fee) for the MPA which will feed into the development of the final MPA management plan.
Strategy may explore possibility of future community development fund with a proportion of
resources generated through the tourism user fee .
Component 3: Capacity Building and Awareness Raising
3.1 Public awareness raising materials prepared and disseminated
58. Environment awareness specialist will be recruited to lead the development and
implementation of the environmental awareness activities in the MPA that enhance
understanding and commitment of stakeholders. Awareness raising materials will be prepared
and disseminated.
3.2 Training workshops on sustainable use of coral reefs and seagrass beds resources targeting
policy-makers, government officials and community representatives convened
59. A series of training workshops targeted for local policy-makers and government officials and
community representatives to enhance understanding of integrated natural resource
management, develop skills and knowledge to manage demonstration site will be conducted.
The training will help to raise environmental awareness of participants and will strengthen
their commitment and involvements to the project implementation
3.3Training workshops on professional skills on coral reefs and seagrass beds management
conducted
60. The key staffs for the project implementation will receive training to develop practical skills
to successfully manage and operate demonstration sites. The participants will be selected
from Nui Chua National Park, Sub-Department of Fisheries Protection and volunteers from
local communities.
15
3.4 Exchange of information and experience with other relevant habitats management sites
established
61. To support active information sharing and exchange, project website will be established both
in Vietnamese and in English. A national conference/workshop on marine projected areas
will be organized and invite managers from other marine protected areas in Vietnam to
present and share information. Under the SCS framework for Regional Coordination,
Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel Exchange between Sites, personnel exchange
between SCS demonstration sites and information and experience sharing will be encouraged.
B. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH NATIONAL PRIORITIES/PLANS:
COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY
62. Viet Nam is eligible for GEF funding in the International Waters focal area in accordance
with paragraph 9(b) of Instrument for the Establishment of the Restructured Global
Environment Facility which enables the fund to be available for those countries eligible to
borrow from the World Bank and receive technical assistance grants from UNDP where a
relevant convention does not exist.
COUNTRY DRIVENNESS
63. The Vietnamese government has demonstrated a growing commitment to the field of
environmental protection and fisheries resources management. The existing laws and decrees
related to natural resources and environment protection are as follows:
· National Biodiversity Action Plan (1995);
· Environmental and Fisheries Resources Protection Laws (2003); and
· Sustainable Development Strategies (2001-2010).
64. The proposed project site is one of the prioritized areas for nature conservation in Vietnam.
Given the national and regional importance of these assets, the Government of Vietnam has
listed Nui Chua National Park as a priority site in the National Biodiversity Action Plan
approved by Vietnamese Prime Minister in 1995. The area is also proposed as a potential
marine protected area.
65. Nui Chua National Park was originally designated as Nui Chua Nature Reserve to conserve
dry forests and primates in 1997. When the reserve was gazetted as National Park in 2003, its
protected area was extended to marine components, including the coral reefs. The importance
of the area's marine biodiversity has been recognized not only by the government, but also by
the international organizations such as the WWF and the World Bank. The WWF Indochina,
for example, identified Nui Chua National Park as an important and a high priority area for
marine biodiversity conservation and completed a rapid ecological assessment report in 20035
and recently launched a project to protect the marine areas and improve livelihoods area
community.
5 Reef building corals and coral communities of Nui Chua National Park, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam: Rapid Ecological
Assessment of Biodiversity. April 2003. (WWF Indochina: Ref. HD-39)
16
66. Given national priority for the Ninh Hai district and the national commitment to the coastal
and marine habitats conservation, the Government of Viet Nam and National Coral Reef
Committee nominated the site as one of the potential demonstration sites to improve coral
reef habitat management during the demonstration site nomination and prioritization
processes of the SCS Project.
67. With regard to the Sustainable Development Strategies at a local level, the local governments
plan to develop the area as an eco-tourism site of the province. Some of the proposed
activities have been already approved and others are under their approvals.
68. As seen above, this proposed project is strongly linked with, and has received support from,
the existing national initiatives of Viet Nam. The proposed project will mutually benefit
ongoing national and local initiatives; while it aims to meet appropriate GEF strategies and to
increase regional/global benefits.
C. DESCRIBE THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROJECT WITH GEF STRATEGIES AND STRATEGIC
PROGRAMS:
69. The proposed project is consistent with strategic objective IW-2, "to catalyze transboundary
action addressing water concerns." More specifically, the project addresses the
implementation of policy, legal, instrumental reforms and stress-reducing demonstration as a
contribution to the implementation of inter-governmentally approved draft SAP. The project
will be implemented as a contribution to the IW strategic programme 1: Restoring and
sustaining coastal and marine fish stocks and associated biological diversity. Under the
strategic programme, expected outcome is increased coverage of marine protected areas and
this project will contribute to presenting a result of increased area of marine protected area.
D. OUTLINE THE COORDINATION WITH OTHER RELATED INITIATIVES:
70. As a demonstration project designed and implemented in accordance with the over-arching
strategy of UNEP/GEF SCS Project and the Strategic Action Programme, the benefits and
lessons learned from the proposed project will be replicated and disseminated through the
Framework for Regional Coordination, Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel
Exchange between Sites.6 The SCS framework provides opportunities for regional exchange
including exchange of personnel between sites, training courses and workshops based on the
demonstration sites, and publication and dissemination of technical reports and public
awareness materials both in print and on the Internet. Under the existing Framework, the
project will work closely with other coral reef and seagrass habitat sites of regional
importance such as Belitung in Indonesia, Masinloc in the Philippines, Mu Koh Chang in
Thailand, Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, in Malaysia (coral reef sites), Bai Bon, Phu Quoc
Island in Vietnam, Cape Bolinao in the Philippines, Hepu in China, and Trikora Beach in
Indonesia (seagrass sites) to enable exchange of information and experience under the SCS
Project.
71. Furthermore, it is intended to exchange lessons learned from Ninh Hai demonstration project
with other SCS demonstration sites in different habitats in Vietnam such as a wetland and
mangrove demonstration site in Red River Mouth. The development of models for
6 See Annex 11 (Framework for Regional Coordination, Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel Exchange
between Sites: UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCS.3/3 Annex 8) and Annex 12 (Provisional List of SCS Demonstration Sites)
17
management and sustainable use of coral reef is considered as one of the focuses in the Coral
Reef National Action Plan and the expectation for the lessons to be learnt from this project is
very high. Recently, WB/GEF project in supporting Hon Mun Marine Protected Area
Management Board in improving management effectiveness. A number of lessons learnt
from this project would be helpful for implementing coral reef management and
establishment of MPA at the Ninh Hai site. Sites such as Cu Lao Cham MPA and Con Dao
National Park, which have practiced management with the support of DANIDA and
UNDP/GEF and Viet Nam Government will be the additional candidates for exchanging
information and experience. At the same time, further, the replication opportunity will be
enhanced among the Vietnam Marine Protected Area network mechanism. During the last
years government officials of Ninh Thuan Province and Nui Chua National park have been
involved in information exchange and capacity building made by the MPA network of Viet
Nam.
72. Anticipated lessons learnt from this demonstration project include: modalities regarding
community participation in the protection of the marine and coastal environment including
the process of establishing and running inter-sectoral management; awareness raising;
advocacy and capacity building to facilitate active participation in the design and
implementation of the conservation plan; design of environmentally sustainable economic
activities focusing on aquaculture with less pressure to the environment and ecotourism. All
lessons learnt will be, of course, shared not only at regional level, but also at local and
national levels and will be made available more widely through the SCS Project website.
Collaboration with other demonstration projects under the framework of the SCS Project and
other domestic and regional sites could mutually benefit each other by sharing information
and experiences, will be ensured through the necessary coordination provided by:
· Vietnam National Committees on Coral Reef and Seagrass, as well as other relevant
habitats committees, and National Technical Working Group at a national level; and
· Regional Working Groups on Coral Reef and Seagrass, as well as those of other
relevant habitats, and Regional Scientific and Technical Committee at a regional level.
E. DESCRIBE THE INCREMENTAL REASONING OF THE PROJECT:
Baseline Scenario
73. During the last 4 years, the area has received various kinds of support from local
governments, Institute of Oceanography and international organizations (WWF, UNEP) in
working towards marine biodiversity conservation. Conservation of turtle nesting places in
the area has been implemented since 2000 with support from Indo-China WWF. These
activities have rescued babies and adults turtles and enhanced awareness of local
communities on marine conservation. Biodiversity conservation, mainly focusing on coral
reefs, has been conducted since 2001 with supports from Indo-China WWF, International
Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) and Provincial People's Committee (PPC).
74. A general management zoning plan generated from these works was approved by Ninh Thuan
PPC. Two small community-based management (30 ha. in Vinh Hai and 15 ha. in Nhon Hai
Commune) have been established and managed by local communities with technical supports
provided from Ninh Thuan Department of Science and Technology and Ninh Thuan Sub-
18
department of Fisheries Protection. There has been significant involvement of the local
stakeholders in regular consultation in developing the MPA. Awareness of these communities
about the importance of marine conservation for the sustainability of their livelihoods has
been primarily improved during the last few years.
75. However, despite these achievements, significant challenges and gaps remain. For example,
the site faces a lack of adequate scientific data and information, which is necessary for the
development of integrated management plan, a lack of cooperation mechanisms among local
and national government agencies and concerned organizations in managing marine
resources, insufficient awareness and education of local stakeholders, a lack of alternative
income generation and a lack of capacity for effective management.
76. Without the support from GEF to develop the proposed demonstration project, the
Vietnamese Government may endeavor to meet its responsibility in management of marine
habitats and their resources in Ninh Hai area. There has already been some support from
Provincial Government and NGOs during the last four years, and this is expected to continue
to some degree in the forthcoming period. The support to date has mainly focused on
improving infrastructure, maintenance of patrolling boats, staff salaries and some public
awareness raising activities in the National Park. A small budget for marine biodiversity
assessment of Nui Chua National Park approved by Provincial Government will be a source
for implementing some scientific research in the next few years. Capacity building for staff of
Nui Chua National Park on monitoring of marine ecosystems and resources (Reefcheck
methodology) will be implemented through training workshops with support from Indo-
China WWF since 2005. However, current possible approach will not provide the
comprehensive integrated management that are cross-sectroal in nature thus will not enough
to fully address the observed problems needless to say the root-causes of the identified threats
causing degradation of marine habitats, and depletion of area's coastal and marine resources.
Alternative Scenario
77. National and local government agencies believe that creating the marine protected area as a
demonstration site in Ninh Hai district offers great opportunities to conserve area's high
quality, diverse coral reefs and seagrass beds and to protect the nesting site for sea turtles.
With the adjacent terrestrial protected area, there are excellent opportunities for improving
livelihoods of the local communities, and for effective co-management with the strong
support of the local governments and village communities, Vietnamese government and
concerned organizations. The proposed project will provide an opportunity to develop and
implement comprehensive integrated management plan and build solid foundation for cross-
sectoral approach to the marine and coastal resource management.
78. Working towards sustainable management of marine resources in the area, national and local
governments in collaboration with local communities, relevant private sector and other
related stakeholders are actively seeking an alternative development scenario, in which the
sustainable use of coral reefs and associated habitats, and surrounding area's economic
development can be attained simultaneously. The proposed project addresses the root causes
of current and future degradation and loss of marine habitats with precautionary principle
through: (1) establishing an integrated management plan for the area; (2) awareness raising
and capacity building among relevant stakeholders; and (3) promoting alternative income
generation options for local communities in order to reduce pressures on the environment and
resources in the area. (See Annex 1 for Project Logframe)
19
F. INDICATE RISKS, INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, THAT MIGHT PREVENT THE
PROJECT OBJECTIVE(S) FROM BEING ACHIEVED AND OUTLINE RISK MANAGEMENT
MEASURES:
79. The first risk is the change of development plan in the province and district. Ninh Hai is
going through under the rapid development and the area is defined as one of the provincial's
priority development areas for 2004-2010. Economic concerns may intervene or even
overwrite conservation efforts during and after the life of the project. To mitigate this risk, the
project is designed to conduct socio-economic survey as well as biological survey. Then,
integrated area management plan will be developed incorporating economic development of
areas including providing alternative livelihood options for surrounding communities whose
lives are depended on marine and coastal resources. The project's steering committee
includes all the relevant stakeholders and chaired by high level provincial officials (PPC)
making sure of the commitment of the governments to the project. (risk level-low)
80. The second risk relates to the sustainability of project after the completion, particular concern
is the lacks of sustainable funding for effectively maintaining its conservation effort. In order
to minimize this risk, the project will conduct substantial training to build capacity of national
park staffs, government officers and local community to monitor and enforce regulations
which will be created or reviewed along with the adoption of integrated management plan
and zoning plans. At the end of the project, it is expected that the capacity of stakeholders
who will be involved in the conservation will be strengthened as well as awareness for the
conservation and sustainable resource usages will be higher than pre-project thus less
destructive activities for the area's coastal and marine ecosystems. The design and
development of ecotourism may provide an opportunity for additional income generation
such as conservation fees for protected areas. Annual allocation from national and provincial
budget would be expected following adoption of MPA at Ninh Hai district to maintain
outcomes of the Medium Size Project. (risk levelmedium)
81. Last risk is that the coastal ecosystems in Ninh Hai may be impacted by natural disasters such
as typhoon or bleaching and outbreak of crown thorn seastars. Zoning for conservation
should consider these potential impacts that may or may not be related with Climate change
at macro and micro level. Zoning for conservation should consider there potential impacts.
The detailed zoning plan will provide information for policy makers and planners to
minimize these negative impacts and help them make decisions based on scientific
information.
G. EXPLAIN HOW COST-EFFECTIVENESS IS REFLECTED IN THE PROJECT DESIGN:
82. The proposed project has been developed to be implemented as a part of a total of 24 habitat
demonstration projects under the umbrella of the SCS Project. The GEF approved medium
sized demonstration projects under the umbrella of the SCS project are directly linked among
them and with the other demonstration sites, will have a synergistic effect on all project
activities, and provide very good returns for a modest investment (US$ 2.8 million) when
compared to the development costs of seven independent projects, each with its own start up,
development, and monitoring costs. The SCS project finalized economic valuation of coastal
habitats based on the results of the economic valuation and cost-benefit analysis, the
conservation approach is considered to be more economically beneficial to local community.
20
Also this project aims to establish alternative livelihoods options and management
frameworks that are designed to be sustainable and cost-effective.
21
PART III: INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION AND SUPPORT
Stakeholder identification
83. Stakeholders identified during the project preparation include those from government sectors,
private sectors, local communities, NGOs and research institutes as the following.
84. In Viet Nam, decision making and authorization with regard to the planning and management
of socio-economic activities of district is at provincial level. Therefore, the Ninh Thuan
Provincial People's Committee (PPC), the highest decision-making body in the province, is
one of the essential stakeholders for designing and implementing the proposed project. The
Department of Science and Technology is authorized by PPC as a focal point of the proposed
demonstration site project and is responsible for the management of environment and natural
resources. In addition, other provincial departments will be involved with diverse
responsibilities such as funding, policy making, project implementation, as well as
enforcement of law and regulation. These include the Department of Fisheries (DOF), Sub-
Department of Fisheries Protection, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
(DOARD), Department of Trade and Tourism (DOTT), Border Army and Marine Police.
85. The focal point at a district level is the Ninh Hai district People Committee with its
Department of Economy and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. The office
of Fisheries and Agriculture Promotion, an auxiliary organizations at the district level,
receives funds from the provincial government for providing training, transferring techniques,
experimenting management models to improve community living standards, will be also
involved.
86. The most important agency for natural resources and environmental management in the
district is the Office of Nui Chua National Park with 32 staffs. The Park office manages
37,023 ha of land including 29,673 ha of natural forest and 7,350 ha of the buffer zone, and
marine component is 7,352 ha. During the project preparation meetings at provincial and
district levels, it was noted that the park office will play a significant role for the project
implementation and sustainability of project outcomes beyond the life of the project. The
park office receives funds from national and provincial governments for activities such as
reforestation at the park and community development in the buffer zone.
87. Some private sectors such as Hoan Cau Resort and EMESCO company will be involved in
the development of eco-tourism model. With the anticipation of provincial development plan
which will directed for tourism development, the numbers of tourism operators will be
increased near future thus it is critical to encourage private sectors' involvement into the
project to obtain their supports for community involvement in the eco-tourism activities to
maximize the benefits to the society and to minimize the negative environmental impacts in
MPA.
88. Local communities whose livelihoods are rely on their surrounding environment and natural
resources are the key stakeholders of the project as their socio-economic activities have great
impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems. The degradation of those ecosystems will affect
negatively to their lives from the consequence of unsustainable resources use.
Representatives from local communities at target sites will be selected from different socio-
22
economic groups as woman, farmer and youth associations for their involvement of the
project implementation.
89. World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-Indochina have been playing significant roles in conservation
and awareness enhancement under the framework of national program on marine
conservation and sea turtle conservation. Other local and international NGOs will also be
invited as appropriate, in particular, education, training and information and personnel
exchanges. Especially, IUCN has executed successfully Hon Mun Marine Protected Areas
under the support of WB/GEF. The Project Management Board will invite this organisation
for technical advice and experience exchange during implementation.
90. Research and academic institutions will be key organization for collection and analysis of
scientific information which will be the baseline for developing integrated management and
zoning plan. Institute of Oceanography (IO), for example, has two decades of research
experience in the proposed project area that their technical capacity will best be utilized for
the project.
91. Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is the Focal Ministry of UNEP
GEF/SCS project. The National Project Steering Committee of the SCS Project was
established. Along with other concerned ministries, it has played key role for the preparation
and development of this proposed project. The SCS's National PSC has already decided to
include the chairperson of the Project Steering Committee of Ninh Hai MSP project as a new
member of National PSC. The Focal Ministry and National PSC assumes supervisory
responsibility for Ninh Hai MSP project. Furthermore, MPA network operated by Former
Ministry of Fisheries (recently Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) should be a
key leading agency in developing policy, capacity building and technical advice for
establishing and managing MPA at Ninh Hai.
INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION AND SUPPORT
92. The proposed project is designed in accordance with the agreement made by the Inter-
governmental Steering Committee of the UNEP/GEF SCS Project. The Government of
Vietnam, inter alia, Vietnam Environment Protection Agency (VEPA) under Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment is committed to the implementation of the proposed
project in line with its commitment to participate in the other activities of the SCS Project.
The Institute of Oceanography (IO), Executing Agency of this proposed project, is the
specialized executing agency of the SCS Project for the Vietnamese coral reef component,
hence ensuring close linkage with the SCS Project management framework.
93. Reporting to and receiving guidance from the Regional Working Group on Coral Reef and
Seagrass meetings and other relevant meetings/workshops such as Regional Scientific and
Technical Committee meetings of the SCS project will ensure the inter-linkage between the
proposed project and other demonstration projects implemented under the SCS Project.
94. At the local level, Ninh Thuan Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is a key
institution committed to the implementation of the proposed project. It is anticipated that the
The Ninh Thuan DOST will function as the key organisation for coordination and
collaboration among provincial agencies in implementing activities of the proposed project.
95. The Project Co-ordination Unit (PCU) of the SCS Project located in Bangkok will play a key
role in providing technical support for all demonstration projects developed under its
23
framework including this proposed project. The project will also receive scientific advice
from the Vietnam National Committees on Coral Reef and Seagrass, as well as those of other
habitats, the National Technical Working Group, the Regional Working Groups on relevant
habitats, and the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee as appropriate, which are all
established and functional under the SCS Project.
96. Collaboration with other demonstration projects under the framework of the SCS Project and
other domestic and regional sites, which could mutually benefit each other by sharing
information and experiences, will be ensured through the necessary coordination provided by:
Vietnam National Committees on Coral Reef and Seagrass, as well as other relevant habitats,
and National Technical Working Group at a national level; and
Regional Working Groups on Coral Reef and Seagrass, as well as those of other relevant
habitats, and Regional Scientific and Technical Committee at a regional level.
97. A personnel exchange programme between the demonstration sites developed as a part of the
SCS Project will further support the collaboration among demonstration sites.
98. Close collaboration with approved project on development of the buffer zone of Nui Chua
National Park, which covers a large area of the proposed project and together with some
planned projects at provincial level are also planned. These projects will share their
objectives in terms of aiming at establishing sustainable coastal resource management,
alternative income generation options, community-based and collaborative management,
public awareness raising and capacity building.
Proposed Project Management Framework
99. The Institute of Oceanography (IO), as the Executing Agency (EA) of the proposed project,
has an initial responsibility of project execution under the supervision and monitoring of the
Implementing Agency (UNEP). The IO will provide necessary operational guidance for the
project design and execution, prepare and submit progress and financial reports to UNEP,
and coordinate project management groups and stakeholders including national and
local authorities, Project Steering Committee (PSC), Advisory Group (DG) and the
Demonstration Site Coordinating Unit (DSCU), UNEP and GEF.
100.
The IO, as the Specialized Executive Agency of Coral Reefs (SEA-CR) sub-component
of the SCS Project, will be also responsible for bridging and ensuring the close
communication and collaboration between the proposed project and key elements of the SCS
Project. Such activities include: consultation with Vietnam National Coral Reef Committee;
information sharing and collaboration with other national committees on mangrove, seagrass,
wetland, land based-pollution and fisheries, either directly or through the National Technical
Working Group (NTWG); exchanging lessons learnt with other demonstration sites at the
occasions of Regional Working Group Meetings for Coral Reefs sub-component (RWG-CR)
and other regional meetings of the SCS project and national meetings/conferences on Marine
Protected Areas or sustainable coastal resource management.
101.
At the provincial level, Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be established in order to
ensure the cross-sectoral institutional arrangement and participatory management. PSC will be
chaired by vice-chairman of Ninh Thuan Provincial People's Committee (PPC) with its
24
provisional members from Institute of Oceanography (IO), National Focal Point of Coral Reefs
and relevant local government agencies (Department of Science and Technology, Department
of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Trade and Tourism, Department of
Rural Development and Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Department of Police, Nui Chua
National Park and Sub-department of Fisheries Protection) PSC will meet regularly in every 6
month.
102.
Demonstration Site Co-ordinating Unit (DSCU) will be established at Ninh Thuan
province and hosted by Ninh Thuan Department of Science and Technology (DOST). DSCU
will be responsible for day-to-day project operation and reports to PSC. DSCU execute
project activities, correspondences with relevant project stakeholders. It is anticipated that
experts from both IO and Ninh Thuan DOST will join the DSCU either as project staff. It is
beneficial for the project to bring both institutes to actively commit themselves for the project
management. It is expected that DOST will support the implementation of the project not
only by providing an office space and administrative supports, but also by strengthening
collaboration and partnership among all stakeholders through its leadership.
103.
An Advisory Group (AG) including several technical and scientific experts will be
established and provided necessary scientific and technical advice to the DSCU.
104.
The relationship between IA (UNEP), EA (IO), PSC, DSCU and AG, as well as relevant
key elements of SCS project, is shown in Annex 9.
PART IV: EXPLAIN THE ALIGNMENT OF PROJECT DESIGN WITH THE
ORIGINAL PIF:
GEF approved PIF is attached and fully compatible with the project design of the MSP. The co-
financing table was amended to reflect the expressed co-financing amounts.
PART V: AGENCY(IES) CERTIFICATION
This request has been prepared in accordance with GEF policies and procedures and meets
the GEF criteria for CEO Endorsement.
Maryam Niamir-Fuller,
Takehiro Nakamura
Director, UNEP Division of Global
Senior Programme Officer, International
Environment Facility Coordination
Waters
Project Contact Person
GEF Agency Coordinator
Date: April 22, 2008
Tel. +254-20-762-3886 and
Email:takehiro.nakamura@unep.org
Name & Signature
GEF Agency Coordinator
Project Contact Person
Date: (Month, Day, Year)
Tel. and Email:
25
ANNEXES
ANNEX A: PROJECT LOGFRAME
ANNEX B:
RESPONSES TO PROJECT REVIEWS
ANNEX C: CONSULTANTS TO BE HIRED FOR THE PROJECT
ANNEX D: MONITORING & EVALUATION PLAN
ANNEX E: MAP AND DETAILED INFORMATION ON CORAL REEF
RESOURCES IN NINH HAI DISTRICT
ANNEX F: THREATS TO CORAL REEFS AND SEAGRASS BEDS IN NINH
HAI DISTRICT
ANNEX G: CAUSAL CHAIN ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OBSERVED IN
NINH HAI DISTRICT
ANNEX H:
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
ANNEX J:
PROPOSED PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
ANNEX K:
INFORMATION ON PROPOSED EXECUTING AGENCY
ANNEX L:
FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL COORDINATION,
DISSEMINATION OF EXPERIENCES, AND PERSONNEL
EXCHANGE BETWEEN SITES: UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCS.3/3
ANNEX M: PROVISIONAL LIST OF SCS DEMONSTRATION SITES
ANNEX N:
SITE CHARACTERISATION AND SITE SELECTION IN THE
CORAL REEF SUB-COMPONENT OF SCS PROJECT
26
ANNEX A: PROJECT RESULTS FRAMEWORK
Overall Goal
Assumption
To reduce environmental stress on
transboundary waterbody of the South China
Sea and Gulf of Thailand
Project Objectives
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification
Assumptions
To demonstrate integrated management of
Effective coral reefs management of a total of 1,070
Project annual progress
regionally significant coral reefs and
ha, including a total of 40 ha of seagrass beds; and
and final reports, based on
seagrass beds habitats connected to the South
lessons learnt shared nationally and regionally, in
field verifications
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand for
particular through information and experience
prevention of future ecosystems degradation
exchanged framework of the UNEP/GEF South
and sustainable utilisation of coastal
China Sea Project
resources in the site.
Outcomes
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification
Assumptions
1. Management of the site is improved
MPA established within 36 months of project
Government gazette
Active participation
implementation [baseline: no MPA properly
Approval of the
of relevant and
established]
management plan by the
selected stakeholders,
An integrated management plan discussed in cross-
steering committee and
in particular
sectoral and participatory manner, and agreed among
reflected in the PSC
community
relevant stakeholders within 16 months. [BL: no
minutes;
participation; and
integrated management plan existing]
Field verification through
scientific baseline
The uncontrolled coral mining on land and seabed
the protected area
information on
entirely stopped by the end of the project. [BL: the
monitoring system;
habitats reflected in
extent of the current coral mining activities will be
Biological and socio-
the development and
determined during the first six months of the project]
economic baseline survey implementation of the
Dynamite fishing reduced 100% within 24 months
reports.
Integrated
and other destructive fishing reduced [BL: In first 6
Reports from the
Management Plan.
mo, socio-economic baseline study of fishing
biological and socio-
patterns will be carried out to determine the targets
economic monitoring.
on this indicator]
2. Pressure to coral reef ecosystems derived
Livelihood with less pressure to coral reef
Report of socio-economic
Buy in by local
from unsustainable livelihoods of local
ecosystems adopted and maintained for at least 50
and biological baseline
households to change
27
people is reduced
local households at the end of the project as
survey
their socio-economic
demonstration of sustainable livelihood options.
Project annual progress and patterns
[BL:30% of 4,674 households depended on their
final reports
livelihood by exploiting marine resources.]
3. Knowledge and skills for the management
Knowledge and skills among local stakeholders
Result of training needs
Active participation
of coral reef habitats are increased
increased/improved through training. At least 50%
assessment.
of different
of national park staff and 2 representatives from
Project annual progress and stakeholders
local government agencies and each community
final reports describing
receive targeted training by the end of the project
beneficiaries use acquired
and surveys demonstrate use of acquired skills. [BL: skills
Very limited capacity existing, but the exact baseline
should be determined through the pre-training needs
assessment.]
Outputs
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification
Assumptions
Component 1: Introducing Cross-sectoral and Participatory Management
1.1. Institutional arrangements for cross-
Consultation meetings with stakeholders including
Records of PSC and AG
Representatives
sectoral management established which
provincial authorities, private sector and local
meetings
from relevant
ensures all relevant stakeholders
communities convened and attended by majority of
Local government reports
government
participation, i.e. Project Steering Committee
members (3 meetings, within 18 months).
on activities and budget
agencies, private
(PSC) and Advisory Group (AG)
PSC established (within 6 months and every 6
sectors and local
months onward: 5 meetings with adequate
communities will be
participation).
selected.
AG established (within 3 months and every 3
months onward: 12 meetings with adequate
participation and proper documentation)
1.2. Integrated Management Plan including
Marine habitats and resources and socio-economic
Survey reports and
Involvement of
zoning plan for sustainable use of coral reef
condition of local communities of the area are
detailed zoning plan
stakeholders and
resources, guidelines and relevant
assessed and published (within 12 months)
developed and published
local communities
regulations are prepared in a participatory
Integrated Management Plan, guidelines and
Plan, guidelines and
emphasized during
manner and adopted
relevant regulations adopted and implemented
regulations adopted
planning and
(within 12 months)
Records of meetings
development of
Community and stakeholders consultation meetings
Records of activities
integrated
convened (2 meetings)
management plan
28
1.3. Demarcation (zoning for sustainable use
Boundary of zones established and relevant
Records of activities
Zoning plan and
of coastal and marine resources) established
regulations well publicised (within 8 months)
Records of illegal fishing
regulations are
and enforcement of relevant regulations
Community participation to the implementation of
feasible.
implemented with community participation
the plan; number of community people involved in
Suitable
the enforcement of relevant regulations (2 teams, 20
management
local volunteers, within 36 months)
models of coral
Dynamite fishing stopped (within 24 months,
reefs will be
reduced by 100 %) and other destructive fishing
developed in
reduced at least by 50 % (within 36 months)
accordance with
integrated
management plan at
the site
1.4. Rehabilitation of some damaged
The forest along the coast of the buffer zone of Nui
Records of area and cover
Environment
environment implemented with community
Chua National Park replanted (1,427 ha, from 2003
of the forest replanted
quality in coastal
participation (reforestation; rehabilitation of
2007)
Report of rehabilitation of
waters in the site
a damaged reef; and solid waste clean up)
Rehabilitation of a selected damaged reef (1 ha,
coral reef, records of
will be enhanced
within 3 years) including annual collection of adults
number of crown of thorn
through
of crown of thorn starfish implemented (3 times,
starfish collected.
reforestation and
within 3 years); campaigns with local stakeholder
Records of workshops and
rehabilitation.
involvement
campaigns
Training workshops and campaigns with
involvement of local community to clean up the
beaches implemented (3 times, within 3 years)
1.5. Monitoring of habitats and resources of
Biological and socio-economic indicators and
Program documents
Recommendations
coral reefs and seagrass beds established
locations for monitoring identified (within 6 months)
Annual monitoring
based on scientific
Community-based program for monitoring of coral
reports
research will ensure
reefs and seagrass beds developed (1st monitoring
Recommendations
the proper
within 6 months; 3 times during the project)
submitted to PSC
development and
Annual monitoring reports published (1st issue
revision of
within 9 months; 3 issues during the project)
integrated
Recommendations submitted to PMB for revision of
management plan
management plan (during implementing phase of the
project)
Component 2: Pilot Projects on Sustainable Income-Generation Options
29
CEO Endorsement Template-Aug 29, 2007.doc
2.1 Pilot projects on diverse sustainable
Needs assessment for IGO implemented including
Needs assessment report
Appropriate needs
income-generation options (IGO) developed
consultation meetings with local communities
Reports of pilot projects
assessment and
and demonstrated
(within 9 months)
Records of training
active involvement
Pilot projects including several aquaculture (lobsters,
workshops
of local
seaweeds, abalones and sea cucumbers) and
communities
ecotourism developed (within 12 months) and
Number and types
implemented (2nd and 3rd years)
of pilot project
Training workshops for sustainable income-
subject to IGO
generation options for local communities
needs assessment
implemented; number of training workshops;
number and type of participants (representative from
communes, villages, women union, farming and
fishing union and youth union)
At least 100 households adopted (within 24 months)
and 50 households maintained sustainable income-
generation options at the end of the project
2.2 development of Sustainable Financial
Sustainable Financial Strategy developed for MPA
MAP management plan
Sustainable
Strategy for MPA
and included in final MAP management plan
with Sustainable
Financing options
Financing Strategy
are available and
identified
Component 3: Capacity Building and Awareness Raising
3.1 General public awareness raising
Awareness raising materials prepared and
Awareness raising
materials are prepared and disseminated
disseminated (100 posters, 20 copies of video and
materials and distribution
1,000 leaflets; first issue within 12 months, every
records
year)
3.2 Training workshops on awareness raising
Training courses/materials developed (within 12
Training courses/materials
Number and types
on sustainable use of coral reefs and seagrass
months)
Records of training
of training
beds resources targeting policy-makers,
Training workshops convened (15 staffs from local
workshops including
workshops are
government officials and community
government agencies and 15 representatives from
trainees self-evaluation
subject to the
representatives are convened
local communities: 3 workshops)
targets
Knowledge for sustainable use of coral reefs and
seagrass beds resources increased (self-evaluation by
training workshop participants at the end of the
workshops)
30
CEO Endorsement Template-Aug 29, 2007.doc
3.3 Training workshops on professional
Training courses/materials developed (within 18
Training courses/materials
Number and types
skills on coral reefs and seagrass beds
months)
Records of training
of training
management are convened
Training workshops targeting those who are in
workshops including
workshops are
charge of coral reefs and seagrass beds management
trainees self evaluation
subject to the
convened (12 staffs from provincial agencies and 20
targets
local community volunteers: 3 workshops).
Professional skills for the use of coral reefs and
seagrass beds management increased (self-
evaluation by training workshop participants at the
end of the workshops)
3.4 Exchange of information and experience
Project website established (within 6 months) and
Website
with other relevant habitats management
maintained (both in Vietnamese and English)
Record of personnel
sites implemented
A national conference/training workshop on marine
exchange
protected areas organized (30 participants, within 24
Mission reports
months)
Exchange of information and experience with
selected national coral reefs and other relevant
habitats management sites (4 missions during the
project: 3 people each)
Participation to the regional personnel exchange
programme with other habitats demonstration sites
under the framework of UNEP/GEF South China
Sea Project
Participation and contribution to the regional
training workshops on coral reefs and other relevant
habitats management (4 people: 2 people each for 2
training workshops)
31
CEO Endorsement Template-Aug 29, 2007.doc
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
ANNEX B: RESPONSES TO PROJECT REVIEWS (from GEF Secretariat and GEF Agencies, and
Responses to Comments from Council at work program inclusion and the Convention
Secretariat and STAP at PIF)
Comments GEF Secretariat on PIF
Responses to comments
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION COMMENTS
The proposed project can strengthen the Vietnam
We agree.
Marine Protected Areas Network and thereby contribute to
the protection of coral reefs in the region.
The project design largely replicates the Hon Mun
The current request for CEO approval is
MPA project in neighboring Nha Trang (GEF ID #
based on the Hon Mun experiences, and it is
0004), successfully implemented by WB and executed by
referred to in section "Outline the
IUCN with the involvement of the Vietnam Institute of
Coordination with Other Related Initiative"
Oceanography, suggested to execute the present project.
(paragraph 72).....
Please cf the Hon Mun MPA project website at
http://www.nhatrangbaympa.vnn.vn/index_en.htm.
Further preparation of the present proposal should built on
the experiences and lessons from Hon Mun.
The Institute of Oceanography will ensure
Coordination with other SCS demonstration projects
close collaboration with IUCN and the Viet
ensured. Coordination with other MPA projects linked to
Nam MPA network. Please also see section
"Institutional Coordination and Support"
the national MPA network appears weak. IUCN should be
(paragraph 92) which indicates the
consulted and involved as a key agent in this process.
coordination with the MPA network in Viet
Nam.
Although the comment is noted, the
The PIF identifies a number of major risks and describes an proposed project site is assessed to receive
approach to mitigation measures to be included in the
limited impacts by economic development
project design. A further threat to the coral reef and
and no strong impacts from land-based
seagrass habitats is the nutrient over-enrichment from land-
activities due to no large rivers along the
based sources linked to the strong current development of
Ninh Hai coast. However, during the
the Vietnamese economy. This risk, largely beyond the
implementation of the project, this issue
control of the project, should be taken into account during
will be taken into consideration, particularly
the preparation of the project.
when the integrated area management plan
is developed.
The GEF involvement provides leverage to the
We note the comment.
national resources and linkage to regional experience,
Knowledge and coordination.
Items to consider at time of CEO Endorsement.
Please see section "Institutional
- Inclusion of the Ninh Hai MPA into the Vietnam MPA
Coordination and Support" which outlines
Network
the linkage with the Vietnamese MPA
network.
- Coordination with other MPA activities in Vietnam
Same as the above.
We note the comments for further
consideration in implementing the project.
- Financial sustainability
Additional note referring to the provision of
government budget for MPA operation is
made in paragraph 82.
Please see section Institutional
- Thorough inclusion of the experiences from the
Coordination and Support on the inclusion
completed GEF MPA project in Hon Mun, Nha Trang
of the Hon Mun experiences into the
proposed project.
- Consideration of nutrient over-enrichment as risk
As discussed above, we do not agree that
32
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
there is nutrient over-enrichment issue in
the site. However, possible future nutrient
issues will be considered during the project
implementation as required
33
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
ANNEX C: CONSULTANTS TO BE HIRED FOR THE PROJECT
$/
Estimated
Position Titles
person week
person weeks
Tasks to be performed
For Project
Management
Project
350 155
Coordinating
related stakeholders in
Coordinator
implementing the project; undertake tracking of
the overall project implementation indicators;
Preparation of progress reports to be submitted
through the executing agency to the steering
committee and UNEP.
Site coordinator
250
155
Coordination of local actions on the site;
undertaking the tracking of local site indicators;
reporting to the Project Coordinator on the site
activities implementation.
Demo site assistant
100
155
Assist the work of the project and site coordinators;
making administrative assistant for the operation of
the project, assist the executing agency in preparing
financial reports
For Technical
Assistance
Local
700
51
Development of methodologies for applied
research and ecological monitoring for the
protected areas
700
51
Preparation of a draft management plan for the
entire project area and pilot site, to be reviewed
by the steering committee as well as the local
authorities.
700
51
Carry out socio-economic analysis of the local
sites; develop alternative and supplementary
livelihoods for these sites in lieu of the actions
that have negative impacts on the ecosystem
quality; and develop a mechanism to make the
alternative livelihood financially sustainable.
International
34
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
ANNEX D: MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN
Overall success of project will be monitored using the following outcome indicators:
Outcome 1 Management of the site is improved
. MPA established and an integrated management plan discussed in cross-sectoral and
participatory manner, and agreed among relevant stakeholders.
Baseline: No MPA has properly established and integrated management plan does not exist.
The uncontrolled coral mining on land and seabed entirely stopped by the end of the project.
Baseline: socio-economic and biological baselines survey will be conducted in the first six
months of the project implementation to determine the extent of current coral mining activities
Dynamite fishing is entirely stopped and other destructive fishing reduced.
Baseline: socio-economic and biological survey will determine the baseline the current fishing
practice.
Outcome 2: Pressure to coral reef ecosystems derived from unsustainable livelihoods of local people
is reduced
Livelihood with less pressure to coral reef ecosystems adopted and maintained at least 50
local households at the end of the project.
Baseline: 30% of 4674 households depended on their livelihood by exploiting marine resources.
Outcome 3: Knowledge and skills for the management of coral reef habitats are increased
Knowledge and skills among local stakeholder increased/improved through training. At least
50% of national park staff and 2 representatives from local government agencies and each
community receive targeted training by the end of the project.
Baseline: Very limited capacity existing in the site, but the exact baseline situation will be
determined through the pre-training need assessment.
During the first six months of the project implementation, the above-indicators, end-of-the project
targets, mid-term targets and baselines will be confirmed with the stakeholders in the site. The
relevant budget is presented in the M&E budget in Table G. In the same table responsible parties for
monitoring these indicators are identified.
Table 1: Indicators for Evaluating Whether Project Management Unit and Steering
Committee are Effectively and Operational
Indicator Means
of
Verification
Half-yearly and annual activity and progress reports are prepared in a timely and
Arrival of reports
satisfactory manner
to UNEP
Half-yearly disbursement plans and half-year and annual financial reports are
Arrival of reports
prepared in a timely and satisfactory manner.
to UNEP
Targets, outputs, and outcomes are achieved as specified in the annual work plans.
Semi annual and
Annual progress
reports
Deviations from the annual work plans are corrected promptly and appropriately.
Work plans,
minutes of PSC
meetings
35
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Disbursements are made on a timely basis, and procurement is achieved according to IMIS system at
the procurement plan.
UNEP and Bank
Account
statements of
executing agency
Audit reports and other reviews show sound financial practices.
Audit statements
Provincial Steering Committee (PSC) is tracking implementation progress and
Minutes of PSC
project impact, and providing guidance on annual workplans and fulfilling TOR.
meetings
PSC is providing policy guidance, especially on achievement of project impact.
Minutes of PSC
meetings
Table 2: Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation Responsibilities
This table summarizes the responsibilities of the project management entities regarding monitoring
and reporting.
UNEP Demonstration
Site
Executing Agency
Advisory Group
Project Steering
Co-ordinating Unit
(EA: IO)
(AG)
Committee (PSC)
(DSCU)
Monitor the agreed
Implement the M&E
Review half-yearly
Review half-yearly
Review half-
M&E plan
plan and establish
progress reports,
progress reports,
yearly progress
reporting guidelines
annual summary
annual summary
reports, annual
for all partners in the
progress reports and all progress reports and all summary progress
project and ensure that substantive reports and substantive reports and reports, quarterly
they meet reporting
outputs and use them
outputs and use them
financial reports
dates and provide
to annually review the
to annually review the
and all substantive
reports of suitable
progress of work in the progress of work in the reports, and
quality
project as a whole
project as a whole
provide policy
guidance to the
project on any
Review half-yearly
Prepare half-yearly
Advise DSCU on
Advise DSCU on
matters arising
progress and annual
progress reports and
implementation
implementation
from these reports
summary progress
annual summary
problems that emerge,
problems that emerge,
reports, financial
progress reports for
and on desirable
and on desirable
Assist the DSCU
reports and copies of
UNEP, and forward
modifications to the
modifications to the
in developing
all substantive reports
substantive and
workplan for the
workplan for the
linkages with
from EA and provide
financial reports, with
succeeding year.
succeeding year.
other projects,
timely feedback to EA. supporting
thus ensuring the
documentation as
Monitor progress in
Monitor progress in
wider impact of
Task manager to attend appropriate, in a timely the capacity-building
the capacity-building
project work
and participate in
manner to UNEP
aspects of the project,
aspects of the project,
selected meetings of
through EA.
and advise the DSCU
and advise the DSCU
Provide overall
the Steering
on steps to enhance
on steps to enhance
guidance for the
Committee.
this aspect of the
this aspect of the
project
project
project
implementation.
Task Manager to
Carry out a programme
conduct supervision
of regular visits to
Submit half-yearly
missions with
project sites to
progress reports and
member(s) of the EA
supervise activities,
annual summary
to selected project sites and pay special
progress reports,
and identify
attention to those sites financial reports, with
implementation
with serious
supporting
problems and suggest
implementation
documentation as
remedies to Steering
problems
appropriate, in a timely
Committee.
manner to UNEP,
36
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCU,
Managed the Mid-term
RWG-CR and NTWG
review (Task
Manager)
Participate in MTE and Participate in MTE and Participate in MTE and Participate in
Engage and prepare
TE
TE
TE
MTE and TE
terms of reference for
independent M&E
consultants to conduct
the terminal evaluation
(EOU).
Notes for Table 2:
The Demonstration Site Co-ordinating Unit consists of: Site Manager from Institute of Oceanography and two
collaborators from Ninh Thuan Department of Science and Technology
The Advisory Group consists of: Technical experts from Ninh Thuan PPC, Ninh Thuan Provincial Departments,
Institute of Oceanography, NGOs and local communities
The Project Steering Committee consists of: Vice-Chairperson of Ninh Thuan PPC, leaders of The Institute of
Oceanography and Provincial Departments, National Coral Reef Focal Point
Table 3: Monitoring and Progress Reports
This table describes the key content required in the bi-annual progress reports and quarterly financial
reports.
Report
Format and Content
Timing
Responsibility
Progress Reports
Semi-annual Progress
Reports
Document the completion of Reports will use standard UNEP
Half-yearly, within
DSCU and IO
planned activities, and
Progress Report format.
30 days of end of
describe progress in relation
each reporting
to the annual operating/work The project logframe will be
period,
plan.
attached to each report and progress
reported against outcome and output
Review any implementation
indicators.
problems that impact on
performance
Summary of problems and
proposed action
Provide adequate
substantive data outcomes
for inclusion in consolidated
project half-yearly and
annual progress reports
Highlights of achievements
Consolidated Annual
Summary Progress
Reports
Presents a consolidated
Reports will use a standard format to Yearly, within 45
DSCU and IO
summary review of progress
be developed following the UNEP
days of end of the
in the project as a whole, in
Progress Report model
reporting period
each of its activities and in
each output
The project logframe will be
attached to each report and progress
Provides summary review
reported against outcome and output
and assessment of progress
indicators.
37
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
under each activity set out in A consolidated summary of the half-
the annual workplan,
yearly reports
highlighting significant
results and progress toward
Summary of progress and of all
achievement of the overall
project activities
work programme
Description of progress under each
Provides a general source of
activity and in each output
information, used in all
general project reporting
Review of delays and problems, and
of action proposed to deal with these
Review of plans for the following
period, with report on progress under
each heading
The Project
Per GEFSEC requirements in the
At the end of each
UNEP Task Manager
Implementation Review
UNEP format
fiscal year (end of
With input from EA
(PIR) reports
June after project
has been under
implementation for
one year)
Financial Reports
Co-financing Reports
Use Annex as found in project
Annual
DSCU and IO
Report on co-financing that
document with supporting
has been provided to project
documentation of realized
as originally estimated in
cofinancing
project proposal approved
by GEF
Quarterly Financial
Standardized UNEP format as found
Quarterly
DSCU and IO
Reports
in project document
Details project expenses and
disbursements
Disbursements and expenses in
categories and format as set out in
standard UNEP format, together
with supporting documents as
necessary
Summary Financial
(Standardized UNEP)
DSCU and IO
Reports
Consolidates information on
Disbursements and expenses by
Half-yearly, within
project expenses and
category. Requirement for coming
30 days of end of
disbursements
period: request for cash advance.
period
Financial Audits
External
Auditor
Annual audit
Audit of accounts for project
Annual
management and expenditures
38
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Annex E: Map and Detailed Information on Coral Reef Resources in Ninh Hai District
A. Map of Ninh Hai District
39
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
B. Site description
Area: The preliminary surveys have recorded about 1,070 ha of coral reefs in Ninh Hai coastal
waters. Reefs extend for more than 30 km of shoreline.
Environment:
Ninh Thuan is considered as the province having the driest climate in Vietnam. Mean annual
temperature is 27 oC, ranging from 24.7 in January to 28 oC in May. The rainy season is from
September to November and dry season occurs from December to August. Annual mean rainfall
amounts to less than 800 mm. Mean annual humidity is 71 - 75 %. The temperature on the sea surface
peaks at 30.2 oC in Spring and drops to 27 oC in Autumn. Salinities range from 33 to 34.6 ppt.
Hydrological characteristics of the water column have alimony phenomena during the upwelling
period (from June to August). Tidal regime of the area is characterized by semi-diurnal cycles. Tidal
amplitudes range from 1.2 to 2.3 m during flood tide (June - July and November - December), and
0.5 m during ebb tide (March - April and August - September). Wave height peaks at 8 m in the
northeast monsoon and 5 m in southwest monsoon. There is a North-south tidal current along the
shoreline with mean flow ranging from 20 - 30 cm/s on the bottom and 40 cm/s in the surface. There
is a permanent longshore current on the continental shelf in the two distinct monsoons. The current is
Northeastly during the southwest monsoon and Southwestly during the northeast monsoon. A
permanent current at the depth of 80 - 140 m from north to south around the year with mean velocities
being 0.7 - 1.1 miles/h during December - March and 0.5 - 1.0 mile/h during June - September.
Habitat(s):
Fringing coral reefs with seagrass beds are developed along much of the coast. Reef building is
extensive at some places, with a typically wide intertidal reef flat (500 m width) and wide subtidal
reef platform (> 1 km). This area is one of very few mainland areas in Vietnam with typical coastal
fringing reef structures of other Indo-West Pacific countries (Vo & Hodgson 1997). It is estimated
that there are some 1,070 ha of coral reefs and 30 ha of seagrass beds in Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan
Province, offering great opportunities for ecologically sustainable use. Several beaches are an
important nesting site for marine turtles, one of the last such sites remaining on the Vietnam
mainland.
Some 307 reef-building scleractinian coral species in 54 genera, 3 species of seagrass, 190 species of
macro-algae, 147 species of reef-associated fishes, 115 species of molluscs, 24 species of crustaceans,
13 species of echinoderms and 22 species of polychaetes were recorded in recent years in Ninh Hai
waters. Cover of living corals at 6 study reefs in 2002 ranged from 16.3 to 55.9 %, with a mean value
of 36.9 ± 13.5 %.The reefs were generally in good to excellent condition.
Present use:
The total population in the area belonging to Vinh Hai and Nhon Hai Communes is 24,151 people of
4,674 households. Annual population growth between villages ranged from 1.5 to 1.8. Ratio of people
at labour age of each village ranged from 40 to 50 % with mean value being 45 %. Economic
conditions among the villages are highly different. Number of poor households (with income less than
80,000 VND per month per person) in the area was relatively high, with mean value ranging from 10
% (Nhon Hai Commune) to 20 % (Vinh Hai Commune) and mostly concentrated in the families
lacking labour resources, agriculture-land, operating investment budget and using traditional
exploitation of marine resources. The percentage of households exploiting marine resources was 29.8
%, mostly concentrated in Vinh Hy, Thai An, My Hoa villages (Vinh Hai Commune) and My Tan,
My Hiep villages (Nhon Hai Commune).
Marine resource exploitation has played an important role in the economy of the area. Fishing gears
are changed depending on seasons and activities. However, hookah air diving, light fishing, hook and
line, fixed net "Luoi Dang", net fishing and gleaning on tidal flats are the main fishing activities in
this area. Current Management regime:
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Management mechanisms of natural resources of the area are complicated. Nui Chua Nature Reserve
has been converted to National Park, as approved by the Prime Minister in 2003, with the area of the
Park extended to incorporate a marine component of 7,352 ha. At present, the management system of
the area is the responsibility of two agencies. Management of Nui Chua National Park is mainly
focused on terrestrial component.
The Sub-department of Fisheries Protection under Ninh Thuan Department of Fisheries is responsible
for the marine component. Because of a lack of staff, management facilities and low operational
budget, the Sub-department has insufficient capacity to manage the area.. Local stakeholders, such as
Vinh Hai - Nhon Hai Communes and Army Border Station, have become involved in preventing
destructive fishing practices during the last 5 years, and the collaboration will be further developed for
management of coral reefs and marine resources in the waters of the area.
With the twin aims of conserving the outstanding biodiversity and establishing ecologically
sustainable multiple use of coral reefs and other marine resources in the area, some projects have
already been conducted, with funding from international, national and provincial agencies. The
project "Biodiversity Conservation" has been conducted since 2000, with the contributions of WWF,
Institute of Oceanography and Ninh Thuan Department of Science, Technology and Environment.
Within the framework of the "Biodiversity Conservation" project, numerous activities such as sea
turtle conservation, study of coral reefs, and raising public awareness on marine conservation, have
been carried out. At present, there are two stations to protect sea turtles in the area, with the
involvement of local volunteers. A zoning scheme and model for community-based management of
coral reefs and marine resources was approved by the Provincial People's Committee for
implemention and management. Two stations are established at Thai An (Vinh Hai Commune) and
My Hiep (Nhon Hai Commune) for protecting coral reefs and marine resources.
Local stakeholders have become actively involved in management of coral reefs. Fishermen
volunteers from Vinh Hai Commune and local authorities have been trained and participated in coral
reef monitoring team. The establishment of the local monitoring team through training workshops has
improved knowledge and awareness of local communities in environment protection and
conservation. The Involvement of local stakeholders and communities in management of coral reefs at
Vinh Hai - Nhon Hai Communes is vital to the long-term future. ICRAN has also supported
development of community based management in this target site, using lessons learned from the
demonstration site at Apo islands (the Philippines).
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Annex F: Threats to Coral Reefs and Seagrass Beds in Ninh Hai District
Although coral reefs and seagrass beds in Ninh Hai district remain in good condition, supporting high
levels of biodiversity and providing valuable sustenance to local people, these habitats are under
increasing pressure and subject to increasing damage from a wide range of human and natural
impacts. Dyanmite, cyanide fishing and collecting live corals for souvenirs have been occurring in the
area and are considered as likely causes of local-scale degradation of coral reefs. Predation of corals
by crown-of-thorns seastars, pollution from the mainland and shrimp farming may cause serious
problems to coral reefs and the marine environment in future. The increasing use of the area by
numerous fishing boats from outside the area will increase pressure on the marine environment,
through overfishing and use of destructive fishing methods and anchoring on coral reefs. A fishing
port at My Tan village with primary fish processing facilities will pose a high threat to the marine
environment and living resources because of pollution. Major threats can be categorized as the
following:
1. Overfishing
Most fishing boats in this area have less than 45 horse power (hp) and are manly fishing in the
shallow waters of less than 30 m depth. Fishing pressure has been increasing while fishing catch per
unit effort has decreased during the last decade. Fishing boats from nearby locations both in and
outside the province visit the area, averaging 10 - 20 fishing boats per day/night during April - August
of the year. Hookah air diving with or without poisons has been commonly used in the area during the
last decade to catch live groupers and lobsters and these animals have been over-exploited. In recent
years, post-settlement and juvenile lobster have been harvested by the local hookah divers to provide
`seeds' for lobster culture-cages. Lobsters caught are often under-sized and lobster stocks are
seriously over-exploited. Squid fishing involves the use of fluorescent lights which attract squid at
night. This method is very efficient and has been responsible for long-term depletion of stocks in the
area.
Other marine resources on coral reefs are also heavily exploited and many commercially-important
species have been overfished and are now rare, endangered or critically endangered locally. Trumpet
triton Charonia tritonis, top shells Trochus niloticus and T. maculatus, and abalones Haliotis spp.
have become very rare and were almost absent on the reefs. The commercially valuable groups of
large food fishes Serranidae (e.g. Plectropomus, Epinephelus, Cephalopholis spp.), Lethrinidae
(Lethrinus spp.) and Lutjanidae (Lutjanus spp.) were both highly depauperate and of low relative
abundance and sizes, reflecting the intense fishing pressure. Data collected in 2001 and 2002 from 12
transects showed no commercial fish at the size range > 20 cm long. Density of commercial fish
including groupers, snappers, sweetlips, emperors at any size were recorded in very low numbers,
ranging from 0.5 - 2.0 individuals per 500 m2.
2. Destructive harvesting
Dynamite fishing has been controlled and seemed to have been stopped for many years. Information
from local fishermen indicated that no local fishermen used dynamite, but that this fishing activity
was sometimes conducted by outside fishermen.
The use of poisons to catch the fish around the area by local fishermen has been completely stopped
for many years. However, cyanide fishing is still conducted by outside fishermen in this area.
Information from local fishermen confirmed that fishermen from other locations in the province and
nearby provinces, such as Khanh Hoa, have visited the area during April - August and that they use
cyanide to catch live groupers and ornamental fish.
3. Construction and dredging
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Sediments generated by operation of Ninh Chu fishing port have caused a big problem to coral reefs
and the environment around this area. Construction of a new fishing port building at My Tan village -
Nhon Hai Commune and dredging of a deep channel have generated sediments posing serious impacts
to adjacent reefs located very close to the construction area.
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Annex G: Causal Chain Analysis of Problems observed in Ninh Hai District
Proposed interventions
Underlying threats
Immediate threats
Core Problem
Enhancement of area
Outbreak of crown of
management
thorn starfish
- Establishment of cross
Dredging for the
sectoral management
Lack of collaboration
construction and
framework
among relevant
maintenance of fishing
- Development of
government offices
ports
Siltation
integrated area
and community
management plan with
Physical damages
participation
community
on coral reefs and
involvement
seagrass beds
- Enforcement of
Lack of integrated
Collection of live
relevant laws and
management plan
corals and mining
Deforestation for
regulations
settlement and
- Rehabilitation of
agriculture
damaged environment
Low enforcement and
- Increasing baseline
management capacity
Destructive and
Decrease in fish
information for
Solid waste from
illegal fishing
and other coastal
sustainable area
domestic sources
marine resources
management
Lack of public
awareness on coastal
resource conservation
Capacity building and
and management
awareness raising
Degradation and
loss of biodiversity
and coastal
Over reliance of local
marine resources
communities on
Development of
Lack of alternative
Over fishing
unsustainable coastal
alternative measures to
income generation
and marine resource
improve livelihood of
option
utilisation
local people
Causal Chains
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Interventions
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Annex H: Implementation Plan
Year
Year
Activities
Year 2009
Year 2010
2008
2011
3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd
Component 1: Improving Area Management through Cross-sectoral and
Participatory approaches
1.1. Institutional arrangements for cross-sectoral management
1.1.1. Formal establishment of the Management Board by the Chairman of the
Provincial People's Committee and organisation of annual meetings for policy and
planning decisions
1.1.2. Formation of the Management Advisory Group and organisation of annual
meetings
1.1.3. Mid-term and final meetings to evaluate implementation and success of the
project of the Management Advisory Group
1.2. Development of Integrated Management Plan with involvement of local
communtities
1.2.1. Surveys on biodiversity, fisheries production and socio-economic conditions
1.2.1.1. Surveys on biodiversity and resource use of coral reefs
1.2.1.2. Surveys on fisheries production
1.2.1.3. Surveys on socio-economic
1.2.2. Preparation and Adoption of Integrated Management Plan
1.2.2.1. Development of draft management plan
1.2.2.2. Review of draft by local/district stakeholders
1.2.2.3. Revision of draft and submission to the Management Board for review and
approval
1.2.2.4. Formal approval of the management plan at the Provincial level
1.2.2.5. Publication of maps, guideline, management plan
1.2.2.6. Getting agreement on project of national level
1.2.2.7. Expansion GIS database for management purpose
1.3 Demarcation, enforcement and surveillance at the project site with involvement of
local communities
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1.3.1. Management plan of sub demosite involving local community, private sectors
1.3.2. Zoning/demarcation
1.3.3. Participatory preparation of regulation
1.3.4. Enforcement & surveillance with involvement of local community (patrolling,
petrol, allowance, boat,...)
1.3.5. Guideline for sustainable uses (fishing, tourism)
1.4 Rehabilitation of some damaged environment implemented with community
participation
1.4.1. Training professional skill for transplatation of coral reefs
1.4.2. Rehabilitation trials at a damaged reef
1.4.3. Annual collection of adults of crown of thorn starfish
1.4.4. Reforestation funded by Nui Chua National Park (for 3 years)
1.5 Establishment of coral reefs and seagrass beds habitats monitoring system;
annual monitoring and re-assessment of ecological change in the end of the project
1.5.1. Scientific and community-based monitoring of key indicators at selected reefs
1.5.2. Monitoring on fisheries production
1.5.3. Monitoring on socio-economic
1.5.4. Re-assessment of ecological change of biodiversity and resources
Component 2: Pilot Projects on Sustainable Income-generation Options
2.1 Demonstration of pilot projects on diverse sustainable income-generation options
2.1.1. Development of sustainable lobster culture
2.1.2. Development of sea cucumber culture
2.1.3. Development of seaweed culture
2.1.4. Development of local made souvenir products
2.1.5. Development of local based-ecotourism models
2.1.6. Establishment of mechanism for maintenance of local based-ecotourism
2.1.6. Ninh Thuan Provincial budget support annually for Income Generation Options
2.1.7. Developing alternative income generation for communities in buffer zone of Nui
Chua NP
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2.2 Promoting sustainable local livelihoods
2.2.1. pigs cultivation
2.2.2. Poultries cultivation
2.2.3. Local made souvenir products
2.2.4. Dvelopment of local traditional products
Component 3: Capacity Building and Awareness Raising
3.1 Preparation and dissemination of public awareness raising materials
3.1.1. General public awareness raising materials prepared and disseminated
3.1.2. Seminar for awareness enhancement
3.2 Training workshops on sustainable use of coral reefs and seagrass beds resources
targeting policy-makers, government officials and community representatives
3.2.1. Training workshop for policy-makers
3.2.2. Training workshop for government officials
3.2.3. Training workshop for community representatives
3.3 Training workshops on professional skills on coral reefs and seagrass beds
management
3.3.2. Training professional skill of diving for Demosite staff
3.3.2. Training professional skills of monitoring of coral reefs and seagrass beds for the
staff of Nui Chua NP, Ninh Thuan Sub-DOFP and local community volunteers
3.3.3. Training English professional skills in communication for Demosite staff
3.4 Exchange of information and experience with other relevant habitats
management sites
3.4.1. Establishment and maintaining the website of the project
3.4.2. National Conference on MPAs/sustainable coastal resource management
3.4.3. National visits to existing pilot MPAs
3.4.4. Information exchange with UNEP/GEF/SCS project
4.4.5. Regional training workshops on coral reefs and other relevant habitats
management
Component 4: Project Management
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
4.1. Project coordination and administration
4.2. Mid-term review and terminal evaluation
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Annex J: Proposed Project Management Structure
GEF UNEP/GEF/SCS PROJECT VIET NAM
PROJECT STEERING
COMMITTEE
INTER-MINISTRY
COMMITTEE
UNEP/DGEF
REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
WORKING GROUP
RWG-CR
UNEP GEF/SCS
PCU
PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S
COMMITTEE
EA: IO
PRJECT STEERING COMMITTEE
ADVISORY GROUP
DEMONSTRATION SITE CO-ORDINATING
UNIT
b
Sub-contracts
with
b
local Executing Agencies
b
b
b
b
Reporting and Information flow
Lines of responsibility
Notes:
Project Steering Committee will be Chaired at the level of Governor/Vice-Governor
Chair/Vice-Chair of the Provincial People's Committee
Project Steering Committee meets nationally every 6 months Policy & Planning
Advisory Group meets at least every quarter - Operations
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Annex K: Information on Proposed Executing Agency
The Institute of Oceanography (IO) was established in 1922 with its headquarters in Nha Trang and
two offices in Hai Phong and Ha Noi. The institute has over 200 staffs from various fields including
research, support and administrative personnel. The Institute of Oceanography is under the
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST). Core funding is received from the VAST
for the operation of specific research activities. In addition, the institute has been granted permission
to undertake other specific commissioned research and educational activities.
The institute is instrumental in the initiation of MPA systems in Vietnam and in the development of a
comprehensive proposal for a large DANIDA Program which is to support the establishment of a
series of MPAs along the entire coast line of Vietnam. The institute has also provided inputs to the
establishment, biodiversity analysis and provision of management recommendations for two other
protected areas that comprise substantial marine areas including coral reefs. These sites are in Ninh
Thuan Province and in Con Dao National Park in the south of the country.
In addition, IO plays a pivotal role in Vietnam for the following global networks:
·
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network - IO is the national coordinator for this scientific
program seeking to monitor the condition of human activities on coral reefs through out the
world.
·
Reefcheck: IO provides training and coordination of Reefcheck which is a coral reef
monitoring system used by divers and interested parties in monitoring reef health.
·
The Vietnamese inputs for the International Coral Reef Initiative and Action Network projects
are being coordinated by IO
The IO has undertaken research and consulting activities for clients including UNEP, ICLARM,
WWF and FAO and has been supported by over 10 different national government agencies that
recognise the importance of the Institute's work. In addition, the education activities of the IO attract
over 100,000 visitors to the Institute on an annual basis. The IO was authorized by Ministry of
Education and Training for Ph.D education on hydrobiology and ichthyology.
As a government institution, these activities, which are legally and financially autonomous from
government research grants, are subject to annual government audit to ensure that funds are handled
in a clear and transparent manner. In this sense the Institute is commercially accountable for any
agreement that they enter into.
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Annex L: Framework for Regional Coordination, Dissemination of Experiences, and Personnel
Exchange between Sites: UNEP/GEF/SCS/PCS.3/3 Annex 8
Background
The overall goals of the project are:
· To create an environment at the regional level, in which collaboration and partnership in
addressing environmental problems of the South China Sea, between all stakeholders, and
at all levels is fostered and encouraged; and
· To enhance the capacity of the participating governments to integrate environmental
considerations into national development planning.
During the preparation and approval of the original project budget, funds were allocated from the
GEF grant to pay for the costs associated with exchanging knowledge and experience between
personnel in each country engaged in the various activities of the project. A total of just in excess of
one million US$ is currently allocated to training and exchange of personnel on a regional basis
(Annex 1).
Following the approval of the Project Steering Committee during its second meeting in Hanoi, Viet
Nam, December 2001 an intern programme was initiated to provide junior personnel from the focal
Ministries with hands on experience of project design and management, the organisation and conduct
of regional meetings, and experience of the United Nations System, through secondment to the
Project Co-ordinating Unit.
Introduction
This document outlines the elements of a proposed system for regional co-ordination, dissemination
of experiences and exchange of personnel between and amongst the demonstration sites. The aim is to
contribute to the strengthening of the regional and national infrastructure, and to upgrade the regional
and national capacity in protecting the marine and coastal environment and rational use of marine
resources.
It is proposed that the existing elements, of the management framework for the overall project, both
regional and national, be utilised in co-ordinating and managing regional exchange and dissemination
of experiences amongst the wider South China Sea network of institutions and individuals.
This document was presented to the fourth meeting of the Regional Scientific and Technical
Committee for their consideration and recommendation to the Project Steering Committee. The
Committee examined the document in some detail and following discussion approved the content for
consideration by the Project Steering Committee (paragraph 9.2.2 of document UNEP/GEF/SCS/
RSTC.4/3). Subsequently during their deliberations the committee noted the need for further
elaboration as follows:
12.3
It was noted further that the mechanisms for management of transboundary and
multiple habitat sites were not clearly spelled out in the document on regional co-
ordination of the demonstration site activities. The committee noted that such mechanisms
needed to be elaborated by the Project Director in consultation with members and included
in the document prior to its consideration by the Project Steering Committee.
This document incorporates the proposed additions as required by the Regional Scientific and
Technical Committee.
The Project Steering Committee during its deliberations on the content of the document recommended
further additions and amendments, which were considered during the adoption of the meeting report.
The following text represents the final agreements of the Project Steering Committee.
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FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL CO-ORDINATION OF DEMONSTRATION SITE
ACTIVITIES
Overall Co-ordination of Demonstration Site Activities
Under the general management framework for the UNEP/GEF project entitled "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand", national activities
are co-ordinated within components by national committees or sub-committees and between
components by the National Technical Working Group. The Inter-Ministry Committee, the highest
level of national co-ordination is responsible for co-ordination between government ministries and
departments of the overall activities conducted under the project.
It is proposed that:
· The Specialised Executing Agencies with responsibility for developing individual
demonstration site proposals continue to co-ordinate with other related activities at the
national level through the appropriate national committee or sub-committee;
· The National Technical Working Group retains oversight of all demonstration site
activities conducted in each country, both those funded through the GEF grant and those
funded by other means.
In the case of demonstration sites that are accepted under two or more subcomponents the National
Technical Focal Point shall have overall responsibility for the execution of activities with the
individual focal points from each SEA having responsibility for those components and or activities
directly related to the habitat under their responsibility.
At the regional level the appropriate Regional Working Group shall be given responsibility for co-
ordination of activities at all demonstration sites within each component and the RWG shall continue
to report to, and be advised by, the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee regarding overlap,
potential collaboration and/or synergy that might be foreseen between the demonstration sites in each
component.
In the case of sites encompassing activities in two or more of the habitats each Regional Working
Group shall have responsibility for oversight of the relevant activities and the national focal points for
each sub-component shall be responsible for reporting progress to their respective Regional Working
Group. The national focal points from the SEAs responsible for each habitat component or set of
activities at joint sites shall prepare joint reports that shall be transmitted by the National Technical
Focal Point to the annual meetings of the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee.
Site Level Management
Each demonstration site shall have a clearly identified, Demonstration Site Manager whose
responsibility will be to report to the SEA and the national committee on activities being conducted at
the site, and through the SEA to the NTWG. The Focal Ministries and Chairpersons of the NTWG
may wish to give consideration to including the demonstration site managers in each country as full
members of the NTWG.
The Demonstration Site Manager should have responsibility for managing the activities at the
demonstration site, under the direction of an appropriate management body7 that shall be clearly
identified in the management framework for each demonstration site. Specifically the Demonstration
Site Manager shall take responsibility for:
· Executing the implementation plan based on the demonstration site proposal prepared by
the respective Specialised Executing Agency (SEA) and the subsequent decisions of the
management body;
7 The management body might be a duly constituted committee of local government, or a single Executing Agency or a body formed from
representatives of all stakeholders depending upon the nature of the activities and the particular management framework adopted at
each site.
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· Planning, and managing on a day to day basis the demonstration activities identified in
the implementation plan, including annual work plan and timetables;
· Financial responsibility for the approved budget within clearly defined limits set by the
management body;
· Responsibility for execution of the activities in accordance with the work plan and
timetable and schedule of expenditures, initially defined by the demonstration site
proposal and amended from time to time by the management body;
· Reporting on activities and outcomes, to the management body, the focal point of the
SEA, and the National Technical Focal Point according to an agreed schedule;
· Preparing inputs to the six-monthly expenditure reports, six monthly progress reports and
cash advance requests to be submitted to the Project Co-ordinating Unit (PCU), through
the focal point of the responsible SEA;
· Preparing and submitting to the PCU, through the focal point of the SEA, technical
reports in accordance with the defined outputs of the demonstration site; and
· Attending such national and regional meetings as shall be determined on an individual
basis.
The Management body shall have ultimate authority and responsibility for the conduct of activities
at the demonstration site. The composition of this body, its terms of reference and powers shall be
clearly defined in a set of terms of reference that shall form part of the demonstration site proposal.
In addition to the tasks and responsibilities listed in the MoUs between UNEP and the SEA, the focal
point of the Specialised Executing Agency in consultation with the national committee and/or sub-
committee, shall provide scientific and technical advice and guidance to the management body
regarding the execution of demonstration site activities.
The Focal Point shall also be responsible for liaison:
· Between the Demonstration Site Manager and the PCU regarding dissemination of
experiences, and personnel exchange between sites;
· Between the Demonstration Site Manager and the National Technical Working Group,
and Regional Working Group for the sub-component concerned.
FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TRANSBOUNDARY SITES
In the case of those sites where identified activities are to be executed on both sides of a national
boundary by the respective authorities, specific management arrangements will be developed
involving central and local government authorities the appropriate Specialised Executing Agencies
responsible for oversight of project execution in each country, and the individual, local executing
agencies. Such arrangements shall include:
· Mechanisms and/or arrangements for joint consultation between the relevant authorities
and institutions in each country;
· Mechanisms for regular exchange of personnel and cross border training of project
personnel;
· Clearly defined financial arrangements in each country that allow for uninterrupted flow
of funds at the national level; and
· Clearly defined processes involving the Project Co-ordinating Unit as facilitator to ensure
consensus of all parties at all stages of project execution.
The Project Co-ordinating Unit will facilitate the development of the joint management arrangements
during finalisation of the demonstration site proposals and will maintain an oversight and facilitation
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role during execution of the activities until such time as all parties agree that this is no longer
necessary.
FRAMEWORK FOR REGIONAL DISSEMINATION OF EXPERIENCES DERIVED
FROM THE DEMONSTRATION site ACTIVITIES
The project document suggests that three possible modes of dissemination of information and
experiences will be employed:
· Exchange of personnel between sites;
· Training courses and/or workshops based on the demonstration sites;
· Publication and dissemination of technical reports and or public awareness materials as
appropriate.
These three modalities should be developed in stages and the exchange programme should be initiated
within six months of the first demonstration sites coming into operation.
It is further suggested that training courses be developed and implemented in conjunction with the
proposed International Waters Regional Learning Centre from mid 2005 onwards and that a draft
programme of such courses and publications be prepared for consideration by the fourth meeting of
the Project Steering Committee.
Exchange of Personnel between Demonstration Sites
In order to strengthen the effective operation of the existing national and regional infrastructure, and to
effectively upgrade the national and regional capacity in protecting the marine and coastal environment,
it is proposed to "exchange" personnel between the demonstration sites, and between the participating
countries.
Objectives of the exchange programme
The objectives of the programme of personnel exchange are to:
· Contribute to upgrading national and regional capacity in the protection of the marine and
coastal environment and rational use of marine and coastal resources through strengthening
individual capacity to effectively manage those resources;
· Maximise the possibility of experiences at one demonstration site being successfully
transferred to other sites and/or other countries.
Procedures for exchange of personnel
a)
Number of exchange personnel at any one site
The maximum number of exchange personnel that can be accommodated at any one site, at any one
time, shall be defined in the demonstration site proposal and should reflect the conditions at the site, and
the financial allocations.
The Demonstration Site Manager in consultation with the country focal point and the management body
shall define the proposed programme of activities that will be provided at the site for exchange
personnel over a defined time frame of between two and six months. These programmes will be
reviewed by the national committee and the Regional Working Group concerned at which time other
focal points may indicate potential interest in sending personnel, either from another existing
demonstration site, or from a potential site to participate in this programme.
b)
Qualifications of exchange Personnel
The exchange personnel should have:
· Appropriate qualifications and experience such that they can benefit from the experiences
provided;
· An adequate command of written and spoken English and/or the local language used at the
demonstration site;
54
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
· The support of their superior officers in applying the experience and knowledge gained
upon their return to his or her own country.
c)
Selection of exchange personnel
The following procedures will be followed in selecting individuals into the programme:
· The Demonstration Site Manager in consultation with the country focal point and the
management body shall define the proposed programme of activities that will be provided
at the site for exchange personnel over a defined time frame of between two and six
months;
· The proposed programme is reviewed by the national committee and forwarded to the
Regional Working Group concerned for their clearance and consideration of possible
nominees;
· Nominations are called for from the National Technical Focal Points and Chairs of the
National Committees for the appropriate habitat sub-components;
· The National Technical Working Group approves the nominations and indicates their
priority and the National Technical Focal Point forwards the nominations to the PCU;
· Nominations are compiled by the PCU and circulated together with recommendations to the
members of the appropriate RWG and the National Technical Focal Points who shall
approve within a specified time frame on a no objections basis the proposals;
· The Project Director will circulate the final list of approved names and sites to the National
Technical Focal Points.
d) Duration
of
Exchange
The duration of exchange personnel shall be from 2 to 6 months.
e)
Financial arrangements
In order to maximise the numbers of the personnel participating in the programme, and to ensure that
there are minimal financial incentives to participating in the programme it is proposed that:
· Individuals will continue to receive their salary from their local employer and will not be
paid a "salary" whilst on exchange, rather some or all of the following allowances may be
paid from the GEF grant;
· Where accommodation is not provided "free" on-site by the host organisation, an
accommodation allowance will be paid from the GEF grant at a rate reflecting local costs
and conditions of service of those employed at the demonstration site;
· An allowance for food and essential incidental expenses will be paid in accordance with a
scale agreed between the Demonstration Site Manager and the PCU at the time that the site
is selected for inclusion in the programme8;
· Costs of travel to and from the demonstration site will be met from the GEF grant;
· [Costs of medical and other insurance will be met by the employer of the individual
participating in the exchange programme and will neither be the responsibility of the
United Nations Environment Programme nor of the Institution/organisation running the
demonstration site.]9
8 The rates of this allowance will be site specific reflecting local costs.
9 The Project Steering Committee agreed that each National Technical Focal Point would investigate the costs of obtaining appropriate
medical insurance in the home countries and the Project Director agreed to investigate further alternatives, prior to the finalisation of
this clause. The PSC did agree however that the individuals selected should receive an allowance that would enable them to purchase
appropriate medical insurance since the existing government schemes in many countries were inadequate and would not cover the costs
of medical treatment in another country.
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Annex 12: Provisional List of SCS Demonstration Sites
Demonstration Sites
Country
Ecosystem
Type
Batu Amper
Indonesia
Mangrove
SCS
Busuanga
Philippines Mangrove
MSP
Fangchenggang China
Mangrove
SCS
Koh Kapik
Cambodia
Mangrove
SCS
Trat Province
Thailand
Mangrove
SCS
Belitung Indonesia
Coral
SCS
Masinloc Philippines
Coral
SCS
Mu Koh Chang
Thailand
Coral
SCS
Ninh Hai
Vietnam Coral
MSP
Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah
Malaysia
Coral
SCS
Bai Bon, Phu Quoc Island
Vietnam
Seagrass
SCS
Cape Bolinao
Philippines
Seagrass
SCS
Hepu China
Seagrass
SCS
Trikora Beach (Bintan Is)
Indonesia Seagrass
MSP
Malampaya
Philippines Wetland
MSP
Shantou
China Wetland
MSP
Thale Noi
Thailand Wetland
MSP
Xuan Thuy/Balat
Vietnam Wetland/Mangrove
MSP
Note: PSC stands for the SCS Project Steering Committee
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Annex L:
Site Characterisation and Site Selection in the Coral Reef Sub-
component of SCS Project
PURPOSE OF THE DEMONSTRATION SITES
The primary purpose of the demonstration sites selected under this project is to demonstrate actions, which
either "reverse" environmental degradation or will demonstrate methods of reducing degradation trends if
adopted and applied at a wider scale. In the case of coral reefs in the South China Sea marine basin, the major
cause of the degradation is destructive use of coral reef resources. Therefore the demonstration activities will
focus on proper management of coral reef resources at specific sites, with the aim of transferring successful
practices and experiences to other, similar sites.
The types of demonstration sites selected within the coral reef sub-component of the project will be designed to
illustrate sustainable use of coral reefs in the region, in particular in the priority areas identified during the
preparatory phase (first 2 years) of the project. To date seventeen demonstration site proposals have been
prepared by the national coral reef committees (or working groups) encompassing a wide range of different
demonstration activities, including:
·
Enhancing capacity for monitoring and research, at Phu Quoc islands, Nihn Hai, and Koh Tunsay;
·
Community-based management, at Belitung, Mu Koh Samui, Mu Koh Angthong;
·
Establishing marine protected areas or sanctuaries, at Batangas Bay, Calamianes Island Group;
·
Sustainable tourism, at Mu Koh Angthong, Mu Koh Chang;
·
Sustainable financing/alternative livelihood, at Masinloc, Zambales, Anda-Bolinao-Bani-Alaminos;
·
Legal instrument and law enforcement, at Belitung, Mu Koh Angthong;
·
Pilot activities on restoration of coral reefs, at Koh Tunsay, Mu Koh Samui.
The proposed demonstration activities involve different organisations and different groups of people, including
government agencies, local governments and organisations, non-governmental organisations, local communities,
media, and civil society, in designing and executing the proposed activities.
CHARACTERISING POTENTIAL DEMONSTRATION SITES
At its first meeting the Regional Working Group on Coral Reefs (RWG-CR) discussed and agreed upon an ideal
list of data and information, which should be assembled for all potential demonstration sites (UNEP, 2002a).
National Committees or sub-committees working under the direction of the national focal point then proceeded to
identify potential sites, and to assemble the required data and information. It soon became apparent that an ideal
listing of data that could be used as the basis for criteria and indicators to prioritise sites could not be assembled
for all potential demonstration sites due to the unavailability of data sets from certain locations or for certain
parameters. The finally agreed set of data and information which the regional working group agreed to use in the
subsequent selection procedures represent a compromise between available data sets and the ideal set (UNEP,
2002b).
A first step in comparing data and information on a regional basis involved the use of a cluster analysis to
determine the relationships, in terms of the similarity and difference between all sites. Whilst all countries have
determined national priorities for conservation and sustainable use of their coral reef systems these priorities
have been, determined independently, within each country resulting in priorities, which do not necessarily reflect
regional priorities, nor do they necessarily include consideration of transboundary issues, nor regional and global
significance. By conducting a cluster analysis using an identical set of data and information from all countries
(Table 1) regional comparability in the subsequent prioritisation process is assured.
COMPARING SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE
The Regional Scientific and Technical Committee considered the process of determining regional priorities for
action and recommended a three step process (UNEP, 2002c) as follows:
·
Data and information for the site to be assembled by the national committees, (or working groups) from
the participating countries, based on the regionally agreed format;
·
Conduct a cluster analysis to determine similarity and difference between all potential sites;
· Determine regional priority on the basis of a rank score according to a prior agreed, sets of criteria and
indicators.
In deciding upon the use of a cluster analysis to group similar sites the RSTC recognised that the available funds
were unlikely to be sufficient to support interventions at all sites identified by the National Committees and Sub-
committees. By grouping sites with similar characteristics and selecting sites from the groups the interventions
could be chosen to maximise the range of biological diversity represented around the margins of the South China
Sea.
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Table 1
Uniform data set for coral reef potential demonstration sites used in determining similarity and
difference between sites.
No. of
live
No. of
Hard
No. of
No. of
No. of
endangered
coral
coral
Other
Site Name
coral
algae crustacean echinoderm
and
cover
reef fish ecosystem
species
spp.
species
species
threatened
(%)
species
species
Viet Nam
Cu Lao Cham
131
33.9
122
84
4
178
1
4
Nha Trang bay
351
26.4
55
69
27
222
2
3
Con Dao
250
23.3
84
110
44
202
2
4
Phu Quoc
89
42.2
98
9
32
135
2
3
Ninh
Hai
197 36.9 190
24
13 147 1
4
Ca Na bay
134
40.5
163
46
26
211
1
3
Ha Long - Cat Ba
170
43
94
25
7
34
2
4
Hai Van - Son Tra
129
50.5
103
60
12
132
1
4
Bach Long Vi
99
21.7
46
16
8
46
M
2
Philippines
Batanes, Basco
M
55.00 41 M M 86 1
3
Bolinao/Lingayen Gulf
199
40.00
224
M M
328 2
4
Masinloc, Zambales
M
33.00 57 M M
249 2
4
Batangas bay/Maricaban
290
48.00
141
M M
155 2
4
Puerto Galera, Mindoro
267
33.00
75
M M
333 2
5
El Nido, Palawan
305
40.00
129
M M
480 2
5
Thailand
Mu Koh Chumporn
120
55
M
304 21
106
4 5
Mu Koh Chang
130
40
43
250
20
113
4
6
Mu Koh Ang Thong
110
55
7
136
21
106
4
1
Mu Koh Samui
140
40
7
136
21
106
4
5
Mu Koh Samet
41
35
38
134
11
74
4
5
Sichang
Group
90 20 40
304
11 86 4
2
Sattaheep
Group
90 33 40
304
15 75 4
2
Lan and Phai Group
72
18
40
304
15
75
2
2
Chao Lao
80
30
33
123
12
105
2
3
Prachuab 74
40
18
106
16
162
2
4
Koh Tao Group
79
45
7
136
21
106
2
4
Song Khla
12
20
2
M M 30 2
2
Koh Kra
80
40
M M M 80 1
2
Losin 90
40
M M M 90 1
2
Indonesia
Anambas 206
M
26 24 25
128
3 2
Bangka 126
M M
25 23
169
3 2
Belitung 164
38.46
M
10 35
170
3 2
Karimata 192
M M
15 15
200
3 2
Malaysia
Batu Malang, Pulau
96 62.6 3.8 M M
123 1
4
Tioman
Pulau Lang Tengah
86
41.3
3.1
M M
117 2
4
Pulau Lima, Pulau Redang
96
46.3
10
M M
113 1
4
Teluk Jawa, Palau Dayang
80
38.4
11.9
M M
156 1
4
Tun Mustapha, Sabah
252
M
69
M
45 375 4
4
Cambodia
KKCR2 67
29.3
M M
1 51 2
M
SHVCR1 34
23.1
M M
14 6 3
M
SHVCR2 23
58.1
3
M M 51 3
M
SHVCR3 70
M M M
14 42 3
M
KEPCR1 67
41
M M
14 51 3 1.
M
Clustering sites. Figure 1 presents the dendrogram resulting from a cluster analysis of the data presented in
Table 1 using the Clustan6 software. Four clusters of sites are apparent, the lower cluster consisting of a
grouping of outlying sites that for various reasons are somewhat distinct from the remainder of the set. The
proposed demonstrations sites were divided by the RWG-CR into 3 groups.
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Figure 1
Graphic result of cluster analysis.
FINALISATION OF RANK SCORES AND INDICATORS
Biological Indicators. At the same time that the group agreed on the data and information required to
characterise the sites an initial discussion regarding the criteria and indicators that could be used as a
mechanism for scaling transboundary, national, regional, and global significance was undertaken. Criteria and
indicators were initially identified for the criteria covering indicators of environmental and biological diversity and
agreement reached regarding the application of rank scores that could be applied objectively to the data from
each site. The outcome of this process is presented in Table 2 in which the original 43 potential demonstration
sites have been aggregated into groups and ranked in descending order of priority based on the rank score for
environmental and biological diversity indicators.
Rank Scores. Social and economic criteria and indicators were also reviewed and discussed, and the rank
scores agreed, covering such elements as the reversibility of current threats, national priority, level of direct
stakeholder involvement in the current management regime, soco-economic values, and potential for co-
financing support. The outcome is presented in Table 3. The RGW-CR recognised that many of these
parameters could not be measured objectively without the detailed investigations and consultations required to
prepare a full proposal hence scoring based on this set of parameters was only conducted for those sites for
which demonstration site proposals had been prepared and discussed with local stakeholders. In deciding upon
the proportion of the final score that should be assigned to an individual proposal the RWG-CR agreed that since
the environmental and biological parameters were more objective and easily verifiable, greater weight should be
assigned to this category of criteria and indicators than to the social and economic criteria. It was agreed that the
two groups of scores should be combined in the ratio 70:30 respectively and the final rank score is presented in
Table 4.
.
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Table 2
Coral reef ranking scores for environmental indicators.
No.of
No. of
No. of
No.
cross
endangered
Hard coral Hard coral live coral % algae coral reef coral reef
other
Ranking
Site Name
Migratory Tourism boundary
and
Area
genera
species cover (%)
cover
fish
fish
ecosystem
scores
species
fishing
threatened
genera
species
species
First Cluster
Ninh Hai
6 8 4 3 7 4 5 3 5 5 10 20 80
Mu Koh Chang
6 4 4 3 9 4 10 10 5 5 6 10 76
Mu Koh Chumporn
4 4 6 3 9 4 10 10 5 0 6 10 71
Mu Koh Samui
6 4 4 3 9 4 10 10 5 0 6 10 71
Ca Na bay
6 4 4 3 7 4 2.5 3 5 5 7.5 10 61
Batangas
8 10 4 2 9 4 5 6 5 0
3
3 59
Cu Lao Cham
4 6 4 3 5 4 2.5 3 5 5 10 6 57.5
Koh Tao Group
6 2 4 3 9 4 5 10 5 0 3
6 57
Mu Koh Samet
1 2 4 3 7 2 10 10 5 0 6
6 56
Phu Quoc
4 2 6 3 5 4 5 3 5 5 7.5 6 55.5
Prachuab
4 2 4 3 9 4 5 10 5 0 3
6 55
Ha Long - Cat Ba
6 6 6 3 3 2 5 3 5 5 10
54
Bolinao/Lingayan
8 6 2 1 9 6 5 3 5 0 3
4 52
Hai Van - Son Tra
6 6 8 3 9 4 2.5 3 0 0 10
51.5
Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman
6 2 6 3 9 4 2.5 3 5 5 3
3 51.5
Pulau Lang Tengah
6 2 4 3 9 4 5 3 5 0 3
3 47
Teluk Jawa, Palau Dayang
4 2 4 2 9 4 2.5 3 5 5 3
3 46.5
SHVCR2
2 6 3 2 7.5
10 5 5
6
46.5
Pulau Lima, Pulau Redang
6 2 4 2 9 4 2.5 3 5 0 3
3 43.5
Losin
4 2 4 3 7 2 2.5 6 5 0 3
3 41.5
Batanes, Basco
1 6 2 5 2 2.5 6 5 5 3 3
40.5
Koh Kra
4 2 4 3 5 2 2.5 6 5 0 3
3 39.5
KEPCR1
2 4 2 2 7.5
10 0 5
3
35.5
SHVCR3
2 2 2 2.5
10 5 5
28.5
60
coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
No.of
No. of
No. of
No.
cross
endangered
Hard coral Hard coral live coral % algae coral reef coral reef
other
Ranking
Site Name
Migratory Tourism boundary
and
Area
genera
species cover (%)
cover
fish
fish
ecosystem
scores
species
fishing
threatened
genera
species
species
Second Cluster
Mu Koh Ang Thong
4
4
6
3
9
4
10
10
5
0
3
6
64
Belitung
8 6 4 5 4 7.5 3 5 0 3 10
55.5
Anambas
8 8 3 5 4 7.5 3 0 5 3
6 52.5
Karimata
8 6 5 4 7.5 3 0 5 3 10
51.5
Chao
Lao
6 2 4 3 5 4 5 10 5 0 3
3 50
Sichang
Group
4 2 2 3 5 2 10 6 5 0 3
6 48
SHVCR1
2 2 3 2 7.5
10 5 5 10
46.5
Sattaheep
Group
4 2 4 3 5 2 10 6 0 0 3
6 45
KKCR2
2 4 2 2 5 10 5 5 10 45
Bangka
6 4 5 4 7.5 3 5 0 3
6 43.5
Lan and Phai Group
1
2
2
3
5
2
5
6
5
0
3
6
40
Song
Khla
1 2 2 3 1 2 5 6 0 0 3
3 28
Bach Long Vi
4
2
2
3
1
2
0
3
0
5
5
0
27
Third Cluster
El Nido, Palawan
10
8
4
2
9
8
7.5
6
5
5
6
10
80.5
Tun Mustapha, Sabah
10
8
2
7
6
7.5
6
5
5
3
10
69.5
Nha Trang bay
8
10
2
3
9
4
5
3
5
5
7.5
6
67.5
Con
Dao
6 8 2 3 5 4 5 3 5 5 10 10 66
Puerto Galera
10
8
4
2
9
6
2.5
6
5
0
6
3
61.5
Macinloc 3
2
2
9
4
5
6
5
5
3
6
50
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coral-reef-resources-in-ninh-hai-project-document
Table 3
Coral Reef ranking scores for social economic indicators.
land-
Socio-
Fishing develp coral
natural national skakeh
co-
Comm. transbound
based
eco
Scores
impact impact mining
impact priority involve
financing involve. manage
pollution
value
First Cluster
Nihn Hai
3
3
3
5
3
0
5
3
15
15
0
55
Mu Koh Chang
1
1
5
1
1
5
5
5
15
15
15
69
Mu
Koh
Chumporn 1 1 5 1 1 3 5 5 15 15 0
52
Samui 1
1
5
1
1
1
5
5
15
15
0
50
Batangas 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
15
0
44
Phu Quoc
1
3
5
3
3
1
1
5
10
10
15
57
Anda bolinanao-bani-
3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 15 0
48
Alaminos
Batu Malang, Pulau
3 1 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 10 0
39
Tioman, Pahang
Pulau Lang Tengah
5
5
5
5
3
1
3
3
5
15
0
50
KEPCR1 1
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
15
5
57
Second Cluster
Mo Koh Angthong
3
3
5
3
1
0
3
5
15
10
0
48
Belitung 5
3
5
3
5
3
3
5
5
10
0
47
KKCR2 3
5
3
5
5
5
3
3
5
10
5
52
Third Cluster
Tun Mustapha
3
3
5
3
3
5
3
5
10
15
15
70
Masinloc, Zambales
3
3
5
3
2
3
5
3
15
15
0
57
Table 4
Overall Rank scores for demonstration site proposals.
Environ. rank Socio-econ.
Site Name
Total score
Score
Score
First Group
Mu Koh Chang
76
69
73.9
Ninh Hai
80
55
72.5
Mu Koh Chumporn
71
52
65.3
Mu Koh Samui
71
50
64.7
Phu Quoc
55.5
57
55.9
Batangas 59
44
54.5
Bolinao/Lingayan 52
48
50.8
Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman
51.5
39
47.7
Pulau Lang Tengah
47
50
47.9
KEPCR1 35.5
57
41.9
Second Cluster
Mu Koh Ang Thong
64
48
59.2
Belitung 55.5
47
52.9
KKCR2 45
52
47.1
Third Cluster
Tun Mustapha, Sabah
69.5
70
69.6
Macinloc 50
57
52.1
62