The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities, 2005-2008
GEF/MSP: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS,
and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages
www.globaloceans.org
December 2008
Vietnam
R O Korea
Indonesia
Canada
Flemish Government
Belgium
Contents
I.
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................1
1. The Importance of Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
Developing States ........................................................................1
2. Brief History of the Global Forum ..............................................2
3. Goals and Objectives of the Global Forum................................5
4. Perspectives on the Global Forum ..............................................5
5. Purpose of this Report ................................................................6
II.
GLOBAL FORUM ACTIVITIES 2001-2008....................................7
GEF/MSP: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts,
and SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages
1. Advancing the Global Oceans Agenda ......................................7
2. Promoting Integrated Oceans Governance ............................11
3. Facilitating Consensus-Building on International Issues ........14
4. Work with Small Island Developing States (SIDS) ..................16
5. Long-term Capacity Building in Ocean and
Coastal Management ................................................................18
6. Linking the Management of Freshwater and Oceans
and Coasts ..................................................................................21
7. Policy Analyses, Publications, and Information Services ........23
8. Outreach to the Public ..............................................................24
III.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS: GLOBAL FORUM STRATEGIC ............27
PLANNING TO 2016
IV.
GLOBAL FORUM ORGANIZATION AND ..................................28
CONTACT INFORMATION
V.
GROUPS WITHIN THE GLOBAL FORUM..................................32
1. Working Group Leaders and Members ......................................32
2. Ministerial, Donors, and Industry Roundtables ........................40
3. Steering Committee, Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands ......................................................................43
The
The
Global Glob
For
al
um For
on um on
Oceans, Oceans,
Coasts, Coasts,
and
and
Islands
Islands
The Global Forum on
I. Introduction
Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands
1. The Importance of Oceans, Coasts,
and Small Island Developing States
Oceans, seas, islands and coastal
Oceans, coasts, and islands represent an integral aspect
of global sustainable development. The oceans--com-
areas form an integrated and
prising 72% of the Earth's surface--provide essential
life-support functions without which life on earth would
essential component of the Earth's
not be possible and support a wide array of activities
with significant benefits to humankind. Coastal areas are
ecosystem and are critical for global
the home of 50% of the world's population. Forty-four of
the world's nations are small island developing states
food security and for sustaining
(SIDS), which are especially dependent on oceans.
economic prosperity and the
Oceans, coasts, and islands support a wide array of uses
with significant economic and social value. Marine
well-being of many national
transportation accounts for 90% of international trade.
Exploitation of coastal and offshore mineral resources
economies, particularly in
provides 25 to 30% of the world's energy supplies and
continues to expand, especially in deeper waters.
developing countries.
Fisheries are important socially and economically, pro-
viding direct and indirect livelihood for 400 million
people. Marine aquaculture represents a rapidly growing
industry and globally accounts for 30% of the world's
-- 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development
fish consumption. The travel and tourism industry is the
fastest growing sector of the global economy, especially
Plan of Implementation, Paragraph 30
with regard to coastal and marine areas. Furthermore,
oceans perform functions that are vital to life on earth.
The oceans modulate short- and long-term climate. On
I.
the other hand, they also generate hazards such as
storms, earthquakes, and tsunamis.
The multitude of ocean activities is placing increasing
pressure on the integrity of coastal and marine ecosys-
tems and many oceanic, coastal, and island resources are
threatened through overexploitation. Seventy-five per-
cent of global fisheries are either fully utilized or over
utilized. Seventy percent of 126 marine mammal species
are threatened. Fifty percent of the world's mangroves
have been lost and important seagrass habitats are rapid-
ly being destroyed. Twelve billion tons of ballast water
containing at any one time around 10,000 marine
species are shipped around the globe each year, spread-
ing alien and invasive species. Over the past decade, the
frequency of recorded harmful algal blooms resulting in
mass mortality and morbidity of marine organisms has
increased significantly. Food security for a growing
human population drives the intensification of agricul-
tural production and results in the increased application
of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, resulting in the
degradation of coastal ecosystems. Various reports have
1
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
highlighted that oceans, coasts, and islands are experienc-
2. Brief History of the Global Forum
ing severe degradation due to overfishing at sea, over-
The Global Forum was first mobilized in 2001 to help the
development along the coasts, and increasing pollution
world's governments place issues related to oceans, coasts,
from cities and farms. This situation is reaching a crisis
and SIDS on the agenda of the 2002 World Summit on
state and in many places may lead to significant declines
Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg,
of ocean wildlife and to the irreversible collapse of ocean
South Africa (the ten-year review of progress achieved (or
ecosystems.
lack thereof) in the implementation of the outcomes of
These problems are exacerbated by the effects of climate
the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro), and was later
change. The 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel
formalized at the 2002 World Summit.
on Climate Change (IPCC) notes that climate change will
In the preparatory process for the WSSD, it became
have profound effects on ocean ecosystems and coastal
evident that ocean issues were not on the World Summit
populations around the world, especially among the
agenda. Hence, the Global Forum was mobilized to hold
poorest peoples. It is expected that developing nations in
the first Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Africa (which accounts for less than three percent of glob-
Islands (in December 2001 at UNESCO, Paris) to lay the
al carbon emissions) and in Asia would be most affected
groundwork for the inclusion of an oceans perspective at
and the developed wealthy nations far from the equator
the WSSD by calling attention to the economic and social
least affected. Asia will be particularly vulnerable to the
importance of oceans, coasts, and small island developing
effects of climate change, especially in major population
States and the serious problems besetting these areas.
centers at low elevations such as Mumbai, Shanghai,
These efforts were successful in assisting governments in
Jakarta, Tokyo, and Dhaka. The impacts of climate change
putting oceans on the WSSD agenda. At the World
on developing nations, especially SIDS, will be significant;
Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2002,
the implications of these effects range from changes in
Government delegates agreed on an action plan for
ocean chemistry and forecasted sea level rise to impacts
oceans, coasts, and islands, with specific targets and
on ecosystems and human health. The need to address
timetables for action, to address the problems and threats
these issues in the oceans community is a vital first step
to sustainable development noted above. The ocean
in combating potentially severe effects of climate change
targets and timetables found in the Johannesburg Plan of
focusing especially on the developing world and SIDS.
Implementation (see Box 1) represent an important
The pressing issues affecting oceans, coasts, and SIDS call
advance because there is now a global consensus reached
for the mobilization of a broad coalition of interests from
at the highest political levels that there is an urgent need
developed and developing countries and including all the
to take specific actions to achieve the sustainable develop-
relevant actors: governments, UN agencies and other
ment of oceans, coasts, and of small island developing
international organizations, nongovernmental organiza-
States.
tions, the private sector, and scientific groups. No one can
The Global Forum is a response to perceived needs for
solve these problems alone. A coming together of all parts
fostering cross-sectoral dialogue on ocean issues among
of the international community is urgently needed.
governments, NGOs, international organizations, and the
2
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
BOX 1.
WSSD Ocean Targets and Timetables*
Integrated ocean and coastal management
Protection from marine pollution and
Encourage the application of the ecosystem
maritime safety
approach by 2010 for the sustainable development
Advance implementation of the Global Programme
of the oceans, particularly in the management of
of Action for the Protection of the Marine
fisheries and the conservation of biodiversity
Environment from Land-based Activities in the
Establish an effective, transparent and regular inter-
period 2002-2006 with a view to achieve
agency coordination mechanism on ocean and
substantial progress by 2006
coastal issues within the United Nations system
Enhance maritime safety and protection of the
Promote integrated coastal and ocean management
marine environment:
at the national level and encourage and assist coun-
a) Ratify, accede to and implement IMO
tries in developing ocean policies and mechanisms
instruments
on integrated coastal management
b) Accelerate the development of measures to
Assist developing countries in coordinating policies
address invasive species in ballast waters
and programs at the regional and sub-regional levels
Science and observation
aimed at conservation and sustainable management
Improve scientific understanding and assessment
of fishery resources and implement integrated
of the marine environment
coastal area management plans, including through
the development of infrastructure
Establish a regular process under the United
Fisheries
Nations for global reporting and assessment of
the state of the marine environment, including
Implement the FAO International Plan of Action to
socioeconomic aspects, by 2004
Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported,
Small island developing States
and Unregulated Fishing by 2004
Follow-up on the implementation of the results
Implement the FAO International Plan of Action for
of the Mauritius 2005 review of the Barbados
the Management of Fishing Capacity by 2005
Programme of Action
Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that
Water resources management
can produce their maximum sustainable yield on an
urgent basis and where possible no later than 2015
Development of integrated water resources
management (IWRM) plans by 2005
Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unre-
ported, and unregulated fishing and to overcapacity
*United Nations. 2002. Johannesburg Plan of
Conservation of biodiversity
Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable
To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the
Development
current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, region-
al and national level as a contribution to poverty
alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth
Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches
and tools, including the ecosystem approach, the
elimination of destructive fishing practices, the
establishment of marine protected areas consistent
with international law and based on scientific infor-
mation, including representative networks by 2012
3
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
BOX 2.
Major Ocean and Coastal Needs
Addressed by the Global Forum
Promotion of cross-sectoral dialogue on ocean and
coastal issues. Existing fora related to oceans are large-
ly sectoral in nature. The Global Forum addresses
oceans, coasts, and islands issues in a cross-sectoral and
comprehensive manner, examining the interrelation-
ship among issues, as emphasized in both the Law of
the Sea, the 1992 Earth Summit, and the 2002 World
Summit on Sustainable Development.
Promotion of dialogue among governments, NGOs,
international organizations, the private sector, and sci-
entific groups building consensus on how to address
private and scientific sectors; constant advocacy for oceans
international ocean issues. Existing fora are either inter-
at the highest political levels; and the imperative of taking
governmental or dominated by private sector, NGO
an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to oceans
interests, or scientific groups. The Global Forum pro-
governance at national, regional, and global levels, includ-
vides a mechanism where participants from nongovern-
ing treating the water system--from freshwater, to coasts,
mental organizations, governments, intergovernmental
to oceans--as the interlinked system that it is. See Box 2.
and international organizations, the private sector, and
Since 2001, the Global Forum has brought together ocean
scientific groups can interact together, share informa-
leaders from governments, non-governmental organiza-
tion, draw lessons from existing practice, consider
tions, international and intergovernmental organizations,
emerging issues, and engage in dialogue in relatively
the private sector, and scientific associations from 105
equal numbers and on equal terms on potential
countries (Figure 1 is a map showing Global Forum partic-
solutions to problems.
ipants, Steering Committee members and collaborators);
Oceans advocacy at the highest political levels. Ocean,
organized four Global Conferences (in 2001, 2003, and
coastal, and island issues can become lost amongst
2006 at UNESCO in Paris, and 2008 in Hanoi, Vietnam);
complex international agendas. Members of the Global
organized the Ocean Policy Summit in Lisbon in 2005 doc-
Forum serve as advocates for inclusion of oceans,
umenting experiences with integrated oceans governance
coasts, and islands issues in important global and
in over 20 countries and 4 regions around the world; pre-
regional negotiations on sustainable development.
pared analyses on the implementation of the WSSD ocean
targets, on ocean issues in island states for the 2005
Linking freshwater and ocean concerns. Discussions of
Mauritius International Meeting on Small Island
freshwater management and oceans management typi-
Developing States, and on capacity development needs in
cally take place separately in different fora. The Global
ocean and coastal management in eight world regions;
Forum aims to bridge these separate yet intrinsically
and provided a series of Internet information services,
linked issues.
including periodic newsletters. The work of the Global
Forum is directed by a Steering Committee of more than
80 members, and run by a small Secretariat, the
International Coastal and Ocean Organization, an interna-
tional NGO accredited to the UN Economic and Social
Council (discussed in section IV of this report).
4
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
3. Goals and Objectives of the Global
· Foster a mutually-supportive global network of ocean
Forum
policy leaders with the capacity to implement inte-
grated oceans management;
The major goals of the Global Forum
· Raise the international profile of oceans, coasts, and
are to:
SIDS in relevant global, regional, and sub-regional
fora;
· Advance the global oceans agenda by:
· Mobilize public awareness on global issues related to
1) promoting the implementation of international
oceans, coasts, and islands, and promote information
agreements related to oceans, coasts, and small
sharing and dissemination.
island developing States (SIDS), especially the goals
emanating from the 2002 WSSD;
4. Perspectives on the Global Forum
2) analyzing emerging issues such as addressing cli-
Noted actors in the marine policy field have underscored
mate change effects andimproving the governance
the importance of the availability of an informal process
regime for ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction;
that can bring together all relevant perspectives to
and
advance the global oceans agenda. For example:
3) promoting international consensus-building on
unresolved ocean issues;
The Global Forum was born at Johannesburg to address the
interdependent issues of oceans, coasts, and islands. Since its
· Work as a catalyst to mobilize knowledge, resources,
inception we have witnessed a remarkable change in the atti-
and organizational action to advance the global
tude and engagement of the international community. The
oceans agenda and to promote integrated oceans
Global Forum had spurred and focused the attention of policy
management;
makers in a very short time and the impact of the Forum was
Global Forum Participation
December2008
5
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
soon felt at the very centre of multilateral diplomacy and
decision making i.e. the General Assembly of the United
BOX 3. Sources of Global Forum
Nations and its Subsidiary bodies.
Support, 2005-2008
-- Awni Behnam, President, International
Initial Partners
Ocean Institute, June 13, 2006
Global Environment Facility
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
In my experience every formal, multi-lateral negotiating
UNEP Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities
process needs an informal process which feeds into it, and
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
where ideas can be taken forward in a less formal way.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
That seems to me to be perhaps the key role for the Global
Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC)
Forum as the years go by.
IOC Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (IOCARIBE)
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
-- John Richardson, European Commission,
New Partnership for Africa's Development/Coastal and Marine Coordination
Unit (NEPAD/COSMAR)
June 17, 2006, New York
Centro de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de Mexico, Mexico
(EPOMEX)
Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), Mexico
The Global Forum assists, encourages, and facilitates ongo-
Consejo Consultivo del Agua (CCA), Mexico
ing discussions on very important and sensitive ocean
GEF International Waters Learning, Exchange and Resource Network Program
issues, so that eventually we will achieve better manage-
(IW:LEARN)
ment for the ocean. In this process, the Global Forum plays
The Nippon Foundation, Japan
a very important role because it is a Forum where various
Government of Singapore
Portuguese Committee for Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
stakeholders can discuss issues and exchange views without
The Nature Conservancy
being bound by some formalities. It's an open discussion
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware
that facilitates and helps everyone. The Global Forum serves
International Coastal and Ocean Organization
as an excellent platform at which you can have industry,
NAUSICAA Centre National de la Mer, France
civil society, and member States exchanging views in a very
World Ocean Network
informal atmosphere. This provides for a comprehensive
Additional Partners/Support Generated by the GEF/MSP
approach, a cross-sectoral approach, and this is a new trend.
Coastal Services Center (NOAA CSC)
The Global Forum should strengthen this approach.
Flemish Government and Flemish Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science,
Innovation and Foreign Trade, Belgium
--Vladimir Golitsyn, former Director,
General Directorate for Nature Protection, Ministry for the Environment and
Territory, Italy
UN-DOALOS, June 17, 2006, New York
Global Water Partnership
International Ocean Institute
5. Purpose of this Report
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Associação Industrial Portuguesa
This report provides an overview of the activities of the
Banco Espiritu Santo
Global Forum since its inception in 2001 focusing on
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Fundação Oriente
accomplishments under the Global Environment
Le Centre de Decouverte du Monde Marin, Nice, France
Facility project on Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans,
Luso-American Development Foundation (FLAD)
Coasts, and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and on
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Parks Board, Singapore
Freshwater-Coastal-Marine
Interlinkages
(GEF/MSP)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Portugal
(September 2005-July 2008). This is a Medium-sized
Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea
Project funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan
with
the
UN
Environment
Programme
as
the
Oceanário de Lisboa
Implementing Agency, the Intergovernmental Ocean-
Port Authority of Lisbon
ographic Commission as the Executing Agency, and the
Pusan National University, Korea
International Coastal and Ocean Organization (the
Secretary of State for Maritime Affairs, Portugal
Global Forum Secretariat) as the Co-Executing Agency.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Vietnam Institute of Fisheries Economics and Planning, Ministry of Agriculture
Collaborating partners providing financial and/or in-
and Rural Development, Vietnam
kind support for this GEF/MSP project, as well as addi-
World Bank
tional funding support received generated by the
World Ocean Observatory
GEF/MSP project are listed in Box 3.
The support of the organizations noted above is acknowledged with sincere thanks.
6
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
The project aims to foster a global South-to-South and
declines during this period and was threatened. Similarly,
South-to-North dialogue on oceans through the Global
poverty continued unabated in coastal communities in the
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, focusing especially
developing world. The conference noted that ICM pro-
on the implementation of the WSSD targets and timetables
grams must fully incorporate poverty reduction goals and
related to oceans, coasts, and SIDS.
address issues of public health in coastal areas (e.g., 90% of
This report also includes activities of the Global Forum
sewage in the developing world is untreated posing serious
related to strategic planning to advance the global oceans
health risks).
agenda.
Box 4. 2001 Conference Reports
II. GLOBAL FORUM
The outcomes of the 2001 conference were reported in
ACTIVITIES 2001-2008
four volumes:
· Co-Chairs' Report, Ensuring the Sustainable
1. Advancing the Global Oceans
Development of Oceans and Coasts: A Call to
Action
Agenda
http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/Co
2001-2005:
chairsReport.pdf
· Concluding Statement by the Conference Co-Chairs
Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts
at Rio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit on
http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/Cl
Sustainable Development, Johannesburg
osingStatement.pdf
December 3-7, 2001, UNESCO, Paris
· Ministerial Perspectives on Oceans and Coasts at
Rio+10
The Global Forum organized the first global conference on
http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/Mi
oceans and coasts with a focus on Oceans and Coasts at
nisterialPerspectives.pdf
Rio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
Development, Johannesburg (at UNESCO headquarters in
· Reports of the Conference Working Groups
Paris on December 3-7, 2001). Convened nearly ten years
http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2001/pdf/Re
after the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment
portoftheWorkingGroups.pdf
and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, the Global
Conference assessed the status of oceans and coasts and
TOWARD THE 2002 WORLD SUMMIT
TOWARD THE
TOW
ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
progress achieved over the previous decade, identifying
2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON
JOHANNESBURG
SUSTAINA
SUST
BLE DEVELOPMENT,
VELOPMENT
JOHANNESBURG
continuing and new challenges, and laying the ground-
Ministerial Perspectives
work for the inclusion of an oceans agenda at the 2002
on Oceans and Coasts
at Rio+10
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
The 2001 conference involved 424 participants from 61
Ensuring the Sustainable
Development of
countries, with leading experts from governments, United
Oceans and Coasts
A CALL TO ACTION
Nations agencies and other intergovernmental organiza-
Co-Chairs' Report from
tions, nongovernmental organizations, and the private
The Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10
The Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts
Held at UNESCO, Paris
December 37, 2001
December 3-7, 2001
UNESCO, Paris
1
sector.
The conference found that significant progress had indeed
Global Conference on
TOWARD THE
TOW
Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10
Toward the 2002 World Summit
been made in ocean and coastal management (ICM) since
2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON
on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg
UNESCO, Paris. December 3- 7, 2001
SUSTAINA
SUST
BLE DEVELOPMENT,
VELOPMENT
the 1992 Earth Summit, especially in terms of: the adop-
Concluding Statement by Conference Co-Chairs
JOHANNESBURG
The goals of next year's World Summit on Sustainable Development can only be met if effective action to protect ocean and coastal areas is
implemented--and soon. This conclusion was reached at a meeting held in UNESCO headquarters, Paris, France of over 400 coastal and ocean
experts assembled for The Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10: Toward the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development,
Johannesburg.
tion and implementation of a number of major interna-
Reports of the
"Sustainable development and poverty reduction cannot be achieved without healthy oceans and coasts," said the meeting's Co-Chairs, Dr.
Patricio Bernal, Executive Secretary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Direc-
tor of the Center for the Study of Marine Policy of the University of Delaware (USA). "The key question is how to sustain the natural resource base
and the integrity of coastal and ocean ecosystem services, while continuing to expand economically. We strongly recommend that the United
Nations put sustainable development of oceans--comprising 70% of the Earth's surface--as a central feature of the World Summit."
The United Nations will convene heads of state for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in Septem-
ber 2002, the tenth anniversary of the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro.
tional ocean agreements; new funding initiatives in ocean
Conference
"We have great reason for concern about the health of our oceans and coastal areas. Participants at the Conference generally agreed that we are
in a critical situation of declining trends that requires immediate action by nations and governing bodies worldwide." This sense of urgency and
priority was corroborated in ministerial statements, as well as by non-governmental, inter-governmental experts, scientists, commercial fishing, and
industrial representatives attending the meeting. "It is significant that this broad array of ocean and coastal experts agrees with this statement," said
Working Groups
W
Bernal and Cicin-Sain.
The highlights of the Conference Co-Chairs' report:
and coastal management; many new initiatives in ICM by
1. Poverty reduction during the coming decade requires more
governing oceans and fisheries to ensure harmonized and efficient imple-
access to sustainable economic livelihoods and wealth derived
mentation. For example, the implementation of the fishing instruments
from the ocean, and development of safer, healthy coastal
concluded in recent years (UN Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement, Food
communities
and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fishing, and the FAO Compliance Agreement) is an essential element
The UN Millennium Declaration notes the need to halve, by 2015,
in putting fisheries on a sustainable development path that could ad-
the proportion of very poor people in the world, and to reduce the scourge
dress existing overcapacity and subsidized fishing fleets.
of diseases like malaria and water-borne infections (250 million clinical
governments at national and local levels; and significant
cases of gastroenteritis and upper respiratory diseases are caused annu-
ally by bathing in contaminated sea water). This is a key concern, and
3. Capacity building for good governance of coastal and
T
perhaps the most difficult challenge facing our use of the oceans.
ocean use is necessary
HE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON
Meeting these needs requires new commitment to making the ben-
efits of trade and globalization available to coastal communities, partici-
Scientific advances and technology development will continue to
OCEANS AND COASTS
patory management of resources, programs specifically
open untapped potential for use of coastal, offshore and Exclusive Eco-
targeted to reducing vulnerability of coastal people and
nomic Zones, and deep ocean areas. Yet our under-
infrastructure, and commitments to full participation
standing of the role and vulnerability of these re-
progress in the development of knowledge, data, and
December 37, 2001
of women and youth in decision-making and activities
sources and habitats is still limited. And all countries,
related to locally-based coastal and ocean decisions.
rich and poor, lack the needed capacity to manage
UNESCO, Paris
even the existing level of development in a well-inte-
grated way.
2. Full implementation and effective compli-
Thus the capacity of local and national govern-
ance with international agreements is needed
ments to apply effective institutional and legal frame-
works for integrated coastal and ocean management
The significant number of international agreements
must be strengthened. This will enable them to pur-
information systems on oceans and coasts. However, the
that have come into effect since 1992 now need to be
sue opportunities for economic development in the
properly implemented and enforced, and their impli-
coasts and oceans while protecting their ecological
cations for national level action more fully addressed.
integrity and biodiversity. It will require, among other
There is an urgent need for better cooperation and co-
things, raising public awareness of coastal and ocean
ordination among regional and international bodies
"on-the-ground" condition of marine resources (including
fisheries, marine mammals, coral reefs) experienced
7
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
The conference noted that "we are in a critical situation of
Sustainable Development on Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
declining trends that requires immediate actions by
Developing States, held on December 10-14, 2003 at
nations and by governing bodies worldwide.......It is
UNESCO, Paris to spur rapid initial implementation of the
essential that we link economic development, social wel-
WSSD oceans commitments. The Conference involved
fare, and resource conservation in order to achieve sustain-
223 participants from 48 countries, representing intergov-
ability of oceans and coasts." The conference issued an
ernmental organizations, government organizations, aca-
urgent Call to Action to decisionmakers in the WSSD
demic and research institutions, non-government organi-
process to develop a detailed action plan for the sustain-
zations, and private sector organizations and individuals.
able development of the world's oceans and coasts.
The conference reviewed what had been done to date in
The 2001 conference is perceived as having been catalytic
implementing the WSSD commitments and to catalyze
in placing ocean, coastal, and island issues on the WSSD
action on WSSD implementation through collaboration
agenda which resulted in the adoption of an extensive set
among
governments,
of global targets and timetables related to oceans, coasts,
international organiza-
and small island states (See Box 1), as the following com-
tions, non-governmental
ments suggest:
organizations, and the
private sector. The con-
The persistent efforts of all interested groups, beginning with
ference focused attention
the Global Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10,
on early successful efforts
persuaded the preparatory meetings for the Johannesburg
to put into effect several
Conference that not only was UNCLOS not the end of the
of the WSSD goals with
road, but also that many of the commitments of the
the intent of adaptation
UNCED at Rio remained unfulfilled.
and replication. The con-
ference report reviewed
UN Secretary General's report on
in some detail progress
Oceans and the Law of the Sea
achieved (or lack thereof)
(March 3, 2003, A/58/65, p.7):
on each of the WSSD
ocean goals up to May 2004 (the publication date for the
The Global Conference in 2001 was one of the most
report) pointing out areas of good early success as well as
informative and important international events and really
areas where little action had taken place.
shaped what happened at the World Summit on Sustainable
The conference was useful in spurring the process of WSSD
Development in a positive way. The Conference was very
implementation. This meeting proved especially impor-
valuable in placing ocean, coastal, and SIDS issues on the
tant because the UN Commission on Sustainable
global agenda, and it produced so much important informa-
Development is not scheduled to examine progress on the
tion that the international community kept using the
oceans and coasts targets of the WSSD until 2014.
information generated for a least a year.
--Phil Burgess, former Co-Chair,
Box 5. 2003 Conference Report
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative
Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea,
Mobilizing for Implementation
June 13, 2006, New York City
of the Commitments Made at
the 2002 World Summit on
Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Sustainable Development on
Islands: Mobilizing for Implementation of
Oceans, Coasts, and Small
the Commitments Made at the 2002 World
Island Developing States, Co-
Summit on Sustainable Development on
Chairs' Report of the 2003
Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
Global Conference on Oceans,
Developing States
Coasts, and Islands, UNESCO,
December 10-14, 2003, UNESCO, Paris, France
Paris, November 12-14, 2003,
Following the WSSD, the Global Forum organized the sec-
and Subsequent Developments
ond international conference, the Global Conference on
(May 2004),
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands: Mobilizing for Implementation of
(http://globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2003/pdf/200
the Commitments Made at the 2002 World Summit on
4WSSDImplementationReport.pdf).
8
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):
versity, integrated water resources management, and UN
coherence, one must conclude that some very tangible
Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
progress is being made, often with specific efforts under-
and Islands: Moving the Global Oceans
way in a growing number of countries.
Agenda Forward
January 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, France
In other areas such as fisheries and global marine assess-
ment, the progress has been slower, but especially in fish-
The Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:
eries, the groundwork seems to have been established for
Moving the Global Oceans Agenda Forward, organized by the
enhanced progress in the next phase. On small island
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, was held on
developing states and oceans, while the 2005 Mauritius
January 23-28, 2006 at UNESCO headquarters in Paris,
International Strategy has been adopted, its implementa-
France. The Conference included 403 participants from 78
tion is in doubt if financial resources and institutional
countries, with 38 ministers and high level government
capacity are not enhanced. As the custodians of large areas
representatives in attendance. The Conference brought
of the world's oceans, SIDS need assistance and collabora-
together key national level officials, regional organizations,
tion from the international community to enhance their
UN agencies, donors, industry, non-governmental organi-
capacity to delimit, manage, and enforce these areas. The
zations, and scientists to assess progress achieved and
least progress appears to be taking place in meeting the
obstacles faced in the implementation of international
MDGs. In this regard, it is imperative that, increasingly,
targets on oceans, coasts, and small island developing
ocean and coastal management programs address poverty
States (SIDS), especially those related to the 2002 World
reduction as central goals. It is imperative, as well, that the
Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), the
welfare of coastal populations--their health, food security,
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and other relat-
quality of life, and the benefits they derive from the coastal
ed agreements.
and marine resources they own be periodically measured
The conference and the ensuing report, Meeting Global
to assess the extent to which any of the MDG and WSSD
Commitments on Oceans, Coasts, Freshwater, and Small Island
goals are making the needed difference on the ground.
States: How Well Are We Doing? reviewed the available infor-
With regard to the next phase of further evolution in
mation and provided a bottom line of progress achieved so
implementation of the WSSD and MDG goals, it is impor-
far--a "report card"-- on each of the WSSD and MDG
tant, as well, to establish for each WSSD/MDG goal
ocean-related goals. The report underlined the difficulties
intermediate and readily measurable targets and timetables
involved in assessing progress, especially the lack of evalu-
at the national level, as some countries such as the United
ation frameworks, including indicators; the fact that no
Kingdom have done. The issue of coordinating the local
one institution has been charged with collecting, on a
implementation of various international mandates should
periodic basis, national and international data on the
also be addressed. With the WSSD and MDG mandates,
entire range of issues related to oceans, especially regarding
nations are being asked to implement a variety of
the cross-cutting goals (e.g., ecosystem management and
programs related to the ocean, coastal, and freshwater
integrated ocean and coastal management); the lack of
environments-- integrated coastal and ocean manage-
regular collection and assessment of information on the
ment, ecosystem-management, integrated water resources
social and economic well-being of coastal communities;
management, GPA and control of land-based activities,
and the absence of linkage among the WSSD/MDG goals
biodiversity protection and networks of marine protected
which are related to one another.
areas. On the-ground, these efforts, address similar issues
Generally, participants at the Global Conference agreed
and cover, to some extent, similar areas. As further
that progress toward implementation of the global oceans
implementation of these efforts gets underway, it will be
targets has been slow, but that there are many promising
important to assist nations in rationalizing and bringing
developments. In some areas, such as integrated coastal
synergy among these efforts.
and ocean management, GPA, protection of marine biodi-
9
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Box 6. 2006 Global Conference Reports
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) -
Fisheries, and with leadership roles by a number of organ-
The outcomes of the
izations, was held from April 7-11, 2008 in Hanoi,
conference are reported in
Meeting the Commitments on Oceans, Coasts,
Vietnam. The 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
and Small Island Developing States
Island Developing States
two volumes:
Made at the 2002 World Summit on
and Islands brought together 439 ocean and coastal lead-
Sustainable Development:
ers from 62 countries, representing all sectors, including
1) Meeting the Commit-
How Well Are We Doing?
governments, intergovernmental and international
ments on Oceans, Coasts,
organizations, non-governmental organizations, the busi-
and Small Island Devel-
ness community, ocean donors, and scientific institu-
oping States Made at the
Biliana Cicin-Sain, V
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Veerle Vandeweerd,
Patricio A. Bernal, Lindsey C. Williams,
and Miriam C. Balgos
tions. The conference assessed essential issues in the gov-
2002 World Summit on
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands
Co-Chairs' Report--Volume 1
Third Global Conference on Oceans,
Conference on Oceans,
ernance of the world's oceans, with a focus on moving
Sustainable
Development:
Coasts, and Islands:
Moving the Global Oceans Agenda Forward
UNESCO, Paris, January 23-28, 2006
toward an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to
How Well Are We Doing? Co-
Major Organizers and Sponsors
oceans governance at national, regional, and global lev-
Chairs' Report Volume 1,
Other Conference Supporters
Portugal
Flemish Government, Belgium
els. For the first time, a concerted effort was made to bring
presents a summary of avail-
oceans policy together with climate change issues, which,
able information on progress
http://www.globaloceans.
as indicated in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental
made (or lack thereof) and
org/globalconferences/20
Panel on Climate Change will have profound effects on
obstacles faced in the imple-
06/pdf/WSSDReport_100
406d.pdf
ecosystems and coastal populations around the world,
mentation of the ocean,
especially among the poorest people on Earth and in
coasts, and SIDS targets of
small island developing States.
the WSSD and MDG, and
other related agreements.
The conference focused especially on assessing the
progress that has been achieved (or lack thereof) on the
2) Reports from the Third
global oceans targets established by the world's political
Global
Conference
on
leaders at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:
Development: Achieving ecosystem-based and integrated
Moving the Global Oceans
ocean and coastal management by 2010, reducing marine
Agenda Forward, Co-Chairs'
biodiversity loss by 2010, establishing networks of marine
Report Volume 2, provides
protected areas by 2012, and restoring fishery stocks by
the highlights of the Global
2015, among others.
Conference and summaries
of discussions related to the
attainment of major WSSD
and MDG ocean goals.
http://www.global
oceans.org/globalconfere
The two-volume conference
nces/2006/pdf/ParisConfe
report were presented dur-
renceReportsFINAL.pdf
ing the 7th Meeting of the
United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative
Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea in June 2006.
Fourth Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands: Advancing Ecosystem Management and
Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management by
2010 in the Context of Climate Change
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam
The Fourth Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands:
Advancing
Ecosystem
Management
and
The conference underlined that ocean and coastal man-
Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management by 2010 in
agers are at the front line of climate changes. The climate
the Context of Climate Change, organized by the Global
issues that ocean and coastal leaders around the world
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands and by the
will need to face will ineradicably change the nature of
Government of Vietnam, with the leadership of the
ocean and coastal management, introducing increased
10
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
uncertainty, the need to incorporate climate change plan-
2. Promoting Integrated Oceans
ning into all existing management processes, the need to
Governance
develop and apply new tools related to vulnerability
assessment, and the need to make difficult choices in
While most coastal nations of the world already have a
what in many cases will be "no win" situations, involving
variety of sectoral policies in place to manage different
adverse impacts to vulnerable ecosystems and communi-
uses of the ocean (such as shipping, fishing, and oil and
ties. Conference participants underlined that we must
gas development), it has only been in the last decade that
begin this process now, including altering coastal devel-
coastal nations have undertaken concerted efforts to artic-
opment that is already in the pipeline--we don't have the
ulate and implement an integrated vision for the gover-
luxury of waiting 10 years before we consider the impli-
nance of ocean areas in their 200-mile Exclusive Economic
cations and before we act.
Zones (EEZs)--to harmonize existing uses and laws, to fos-
ter sustainable development of ocean areas, to protect bio-
An extensive preparatory process involving twelve multi-
diversity and vulnerable resources and ecosystems, and to
national Working Groups (involving 254 ocean experts
coordinate the actions of the many government agencies
from 68 countries representing all sectors and regions of
that are typically involved in oceans affairs.
the world) was mobilized to prepare analyses and specific
policy recommendations to the 4th Global Conference in
This is a very encouraging development, responding, as it
Hanoi, Vietnam, April 7-11, 2008. The Policy Briefs pre-
does, to the reality of serious conflicts of use in most
pared by each Working Group are available on the
national ocean zones and to the prescriptions articulated
YouTube Channel noted below.
in both the Law of the Sea and in the 1992 Earth Summit
(given the interrelationship among uses and processes in
Coverage of the Global Conference is available at the fol-
the coast and ocean, ocean and coastal governance must
lowing sites:
be "integrated in content and precautionary and anticipa-
· The Global Forum, the World Ocean Network and the
tory in ambit").
World Ocean Observatory have created a special
As they develop integrated and ecosystem-based national
GOC2008 website and YouTube channel designed
ocean policies, national authorities are often plowing
specifically to inform audiences across the world about
new ground, in terms of the principles that apply in EEZs:
the context and work of the Global Forum using rich
management approaches: means of ensuring interagency
media.
and intergovernmental coordination; approaches to
GOC2008 Website:
regional marine planning and governance; means of sus-
http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008/index.html
tainable financing. It is thus useful for national authori-
ties from various countries to come together to compare
GOC2008 YouTube Channel:
approaches, draw lessons from existing practice and
http://www.youtube.com/globaloceans2008
assess their possible suitability in other contexts, and
begin to develop international guidance on emerging best
These sites enable viewers to:
practices in the development and implementation of
· Explore the proceedings of the Conference and each
national and regional ocean policies, and to encourage
major ocean issue being addressed
further dissemination of ecosystem-based integrated
approaches to oceans.
· View the reports, recommendations, and Policy Briefs of
the Global Forum's 12 Working Groups, which have
2001-2005:
been mobilized to provide recommendations on priori-
ty next steps that the international community should
In 2001, the Global Forum assessed progress achieved on
take on major ocean issues
oceans, coasts, and SIDS since the 1992 Earth Summit,
focusing especially on the implementation of the pre-
· Watch ocean and coastal experts from various sectors
scriptions contained in Chapter 17 (the oceans, coasts,
around the globe in brief interviews addressing major
and SIDS chapter of Agenda 21) which emphasize inte-
ocean topics and issues.
grated management of oceans and coasts. At the Global
The International Institute for Sustainable Development
Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10: Toward the 2002
Reporting Services (IISDRS) provided daily coverage of
World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg,
Conference proceedings. This report is available at
December 3-7, 2001, UNESCO, Paris, working group dis-
http://www.iisd.ca/download/pdf/sd/ymbvol68num4e.pdf.
cussions emphasized the need to build capacity for inte-
grated coastal and ocean management in order for actual
11
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
implementation to take place. In the 2002 Johannesburg
Discussions on national and regional perspectives on
World Summit on Sustainable Development, integrated
integrated ocean and coastal management were held at
ocean and coastal management was featured prominent-
the 2008 4th Global Oceans Conference in Hanoi,
ly as was the allied concept of ecosystem-based manage-
Vietnam.
ment (see wording in Box 1.
Following the WSSD, the Global Forum has carried out a
Book on Integrated Ocean Policy
number of activities to help achieve the WSSD targets of
A book on Integrated Regional and National Ocean Policies:
achieving integrated ocean and coastal management and
Comparative Practices and Future Prospects, resulting from
ecosystem-based management.
the work reported at TOPS 2005: The Ocean Policy
Summit will be published by the United Nations
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):
TOPS 2005: The Ocean Policy Summit
October 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal
As part of the GEF-MSP, and with the support of the
Nippon Foundation and other partners, the Global
Forum organized the TOPS 2005: The Ocean Policy
Summit International Conference on Integrated Ocean Policy:
National and Regional Experiences, Prospects, and Emerging
Practices held on October 10-14, 2005, in Lisbon,
Portugal, to present and analyze the experiences of 20+
nations and 4 regions of the world that have taken con-
crete steps toward cross-cutting and integrated policy
(cross-national study undertaken by the Nippon
Foundation Research Task Force on National Ocean
Policies). The conference also presented other work on
University Press. The book, which brings together the
integrated national and regional ocean policies, such as
experiences of 18 countries and 4 regions in integrated
work
undertaken
by
the
Asia-Pacific
Economic
ocean policy, includes 23 chapters authored by 53
Cooperation
(APEC),
the
UNEP
Regional
Seas
authors (see Box 7).
Programme, Large Marine Ecosystems supported by the
In bringing together key national level officials, regional
Global Environment Facility; and other regional experi-
organizations, UN agencies, scholars specializing in national
ences. The conference drew lessons from the comparative
ocean policy, donors, nongovernmental organizations, and
analyses and began to develop international guidance on
industry to examine the growing experience around the
best practices.
world with the formulation and implementation of integrated
The conference brought together 218 participants from
ocean policies at national and regional levels, the Global
governments, regional organizations, UN agencies, aca-
Forum was able to produce important work from which we
demia, non-governmental organizations, donor agen-
were able to draw lessons and suggest emerging best practices
cies, and industry representatives, representing 53 coun-
for the development of the national ocean policy of Mexico.
tries.
-- Antonio Diaz de Leon, Director-General,
Through conference working groups, international guid-
Environmental, Regional Integration and
ance on emerging best practices in the development and
Sectoral Policy, Environment and Natural
implementation of national/regional ocean policies was
Resources Ministry (SEMARNAT), Mexico
drawn from the experiences reported, and subsequently
featured during a one-day Ocean Strategy Workshop for
decision makers on ocean policy development and imple-
The work that the Global Forum completed on comparative
mentation, with a special emphasis on decision makers
national and regional ocean policies, funded by the Nippon
from small island developing States, developing coun-
Foundation and the Global Environment Facility as partners,
tries, and countries with economies in transition.
was very useful in our effort in Japan in drafting and achiev-
ing enactment of the Japanese Basic Ocean Law.
-- Hiroshi Terashima, Executive Director,
Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan
12
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
BOX 7. Book on
Chapter 9. Towards an Integrated Policy for the
Ocean in Portugal
INTEGRATED NATIONAL
Mario Ruivo, Intersectorial Oceanographic Commission,
AND REGIONAL OCEAN POLICIES:
Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education;
COMPARATIVE PRACTICES AND
Tiago Pitta e Cunha, Cabinet of the Commissioner for
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, European Commission;
Francisca Menezes-Ferreira, Intersectorial Oceanographic
Biliana Cicin-Sain, David VanderZwaag, and
Commission and Ministry of Science, Technology and
Miriam C. Balgos, Editors
Higher Education, Portugal
Contents
Chapter 10. Norway's Marine Policy: Towards
Foreword
Comprehensive Oceans Management
INTRODUCTION
Alf Hakon Hoel, University of Tromso, and Terje Lobach,
Chapter 1. Introduction
Fisheries Directorate, Norway
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine
Chapter 11. The Marine Policy of the Russian
Policy, University of Delaware; David VanderZwaag,
Federation: Its Formation and Realization
Dalhousie Law School, Dalhousie University, Canada; and
Yuriy M. Kolochkov and Yuriy Mikhaylichenko, Ministry of
Miriam C. Balgos, University of Delaware
Economic Development and Trade; Valentin P. Sinetsky and
Chapter 2. International Agreements Providing
Genrikh K. Voitolovsky, Council for Study of Productive
Guidance for National and Regional Ocean Policies
Forces, Russian Federation
Jon M. Van Dyke, University of Hawaii School of Law
Chapter 12. Brazil's National Ocean Policy
NATIONAL OCEAN POLICIES
Milton Asmus and Guilherme G. Vieira, Fundação
Universidade do Rio Grande, Brazil; Etiene Marroni,
Chapter 3. Australia's National Oceans Policy
Independent Consultant, Brazil
Donna Petrachenko and Ben Addison, Marine Division,
Chapter 13. Jamaica's Oceans and Coastal Policy
Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australia
Laleta Davis-Mattis, National Environmental and Planning
Chapter 4. Canada's National Ocean Policy
Agency, Jamaica
Camille Mageau and Sue Farlinger, Department of Fisheries
Chapter 14. Development of National Ocean Policy
and Oceans, Canada; David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie Law
in Japan
School, Dalhousie University, Canada
Hiroshi Terashima, Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean Policy
Chapter 5. Toward a National Ocean Policy in
Research Foundation, Japan, and Moritaka Hayashi, Waseda
New Zealand
University School of Law, Japan
Prue Taylor, Department of Planning, University of Auckland,
Chapter 15. Development of a National Oceans
New Zealand
Policy in Mexico
Chapter 6. China's Ocean Policy Framework
Porfirio Alvarez Torres, Antonio Díaz de León Corral, Sofia
Haiqing Li, Department of International Cooperation,
Cortina, Mariela Ibáñez, Gaelle Brachet, Gustavo Pérez
State Oceanic Administration, China, and Jiao Yongke,
Chirinos, Juan Carlos Aguilar, Roberto Rosado, and Fausto
China Institute for Marine Affairs, China
Efrén Burgoa, SEMARNAT, Mexico; Evelia Rivera Arriaga,
Chapter 7. Strategy for Marine Environment
Centro EPOMEX, Mexico; Isaac Azuz, CETYS-Universidad,
Conservation and Development: United Kingdom
Campus Ensenada, Mexico; and Patricia Muñoz, National
Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico
Hance D. Smith, Iwan Ball, Rhoda C. Ballinger, and Tim
Stojanovic, Cardiff University
Chapter 16. The Philippine National Marine Policy:
An Ongoing Evolution Toward Integrated Coastal
Chapter 8. Towards Integrated Ocean and Coastal
and Ocean Management
Policy in the United States
Jay Batongbacal, Philippine Center for Marine Affairs, Inc.,
Biliana Cicin-Sain, K. Caitlin Snyder, Kateryna Wowk,
and Robert Jara, Department of Environment and Natural
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of
Delaware, and Gerhard Kuska, Good Harbor Consulting
Resources, Philippines
13
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
3. Facilitating Consensus-Building on
Chapter 17. National Marine Policy: A Vietnam
International Issues
Case Study
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Institute of Fisheries Economics and
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP)
Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
As noted in the discussion above, a major emphasis of the
Vietnam; Hoang Ngoc Giao, Law School, Vietnam
Global Forum has been, and continues to be, collaborating
National University
with governments and other international actors in pro-
REGIONAL OCEAN POLICIES
moting effective implementation of international ocean
Chapter 18. European Maritime Policy
goals.
Nathalie Hesketh, Maritime Policy Development and
In addition to this major emphasis, the Global Forum is
Coordination, European Commission
concerned with anticipation of important issues that will
be facing the international oceans community and/or will
Chapter 19. Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy:
be the subject of important UN negotiations in the next
Towards Implementation
decade. The intent here is to contribute--through policy
Mary Power, Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience
analyses and multistakeholder policy dialogues-- to clarify-
Commission (SOPAC), Fiji
ing the issues, developing options, laying out various
Chapter 20. Toward Integrated Ocean Policy at the
perspectives, and identifying possible avenues for consen-
National and Regional Levels in Africa
sus-building among disparate interests.
Indumathie Hewawasam, World Bank, and Bernice
One such issue is the problem of governance of marine
McLean, Endangered Wildlife Trust, South Africa
areas beyond national jurisdiction. Almost two thirds of
Chapter 21. The Sustainable Development Strategy
the world's oceans are found more than 200 miles from the
for the Seas of East Asia: Policy Implications at
coast of any nation, and therefore, in principle beyond the
Local, National and Regional Levels
limits of national jurisdiction. While in the past the ocean's
Stella Regina Bernad and Chua Thia-Eng, Partnerships in
capacity to resist or recover from human impacts was
Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
thought to be limitless, it is becoming increasingly appar-
ent that humans are impacting all aspects of the ocean sys-
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND COMMENTARY
tem. Key issues in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Chapter 22. Comparative Analysis of National and
include illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing,
Regional Ocean Policies: Lessons Learned and
overfishing, destructive fishing practices, extraction of
Implications for International Guidance
marine genetic resources, pollution (including ocean acid-
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine
ification) and climate change, among others. To date there
Policy, University of Delaware; David VanderZwaag,
is no consensus on the various legal and policy issues sur-
Dalhousie Law School, Dalhousie University, Canada; and
rounding marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, and
Miriam C. Balgos, University of Delaware
there are many different options being elaborated and dis-
References
cussed about how these issues should be resolved. This
issue will no doubt be the subject of intense UN negotia-
About the Authors
tions in the next decade.
Prior to the 2006 Global Conference, the Global Forum
organized a Working Group on Improving Governance of
Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction to facilitate
multi-stakeholder dialogue prior to, at the Global
Conference itself, and beyond, and to provide input to
other fora addressing these issues. The Working Group
approached the issue of governance of areas beyond
national jurisdiction broadly and through an expert panel
and two multi-stakeholder dialogue sessions, addressed
issues relating both to the high seas (defined in part VII of
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) and
the deep seabed, or the "Area" as defined by Part XI of the
Convention. The Working Group includes about 70 mem-
bers (from both developed and developing nations), and
14
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
from a broad range of sectors including national govern-
Assemblage of Existing Information on Governance
ments, academia, UN agencies, intergovernmental organ-
of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
izations, non-governmental organizations, and industry.
August 2007-January 2008
According to a number of representatives from govern-
Strategic Planning Workshop on Global Oceans Issues
ments, UN agencies, and nongovernmental organizations,
in Marine Areas beyond National Jurisdiction in the
the work of the Global Forum's Working Group was very
Context of Climate Change
useful in laying the groundwork for the subsequent UN Ad
January 23-25, 2008, Nice, France
Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues
relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine
Policy Analyses and Workshop on Governance of Areas
biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction
Beyond National Jurisdiction: Ecosystems and Uses
which took place in February 2006. Participants noted
Policy Analyses: January-March 2008
that the informal nature of the policy dialogues that took
Workshop: April 5, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam (in conjunc-
place at the January 2006 Global Conference and the
tion with the 4th Global Conference)
informal interchange of perspectives which took place
both before and during the Third Global Conference very
Policy Analyses and Workshop on Governance of Areas
much facilitated the cooperative nature of the discussions
Beyond National Jurisdiction: Management Issues and
at the UN February meeting by providing a venue for the
Policy Options
sharing of perspectives among governments (both devel-
Policy Analyses: May-October 2008
oped and developing), UN and other international agen-
Workshop: November 3-5, 2008, Singapore
cies, NGOs, and industry without the pressure of formal
institutional positions.
Strategic Planning Workshop
on Global Ocean Issues in
The work of the Global Forum's Working Group on Improving
Marine Areas Beyond National
Governance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction was
Jurisdiction in the Context of
very useful in laying the groundwork for the subsequent UN
Climate Change
Informal Working Group that took place in February 2006.
January 23-25, 2008,
The informal interchange of perspectives that took place both
Nice, France
before and during the 2006 Global Conference very much
The Global Forum on Oceans,
facilitated the cooperative nature of the discussions at the UN
Coasts, and Islands and partners
February meeting by providing a neutral and informal venue
convened the Strategic Planning Workshop on Global
for the sharing of perspectives among governments (both
Ocean
Issues
in
Marine
Areas
Beyond
National
developed and developing), UN and other international agen-
Jurisdiction in the Context of Climate Change on January
cies, NGOs, and industry, in a candid and direct manner.
23-25, 2008, in Nice, France, with the gracious hosting of
Nice officials and nongovernmental organizations as a key
-- Lorraine Ridgeway, Director-General,
International Coordination and Policy
step in an informal process to bring together major rele-
Analysis, Department of Fisheries and
vant interests to facilitate open and constructive multi-
Oceans, Canada, and Co-Chair, UN Open-
stakeholder dialogue to inform and support the more for-
ended Informal Consultative Process on
mal processes that have been or may be established by the
Oceans and the Law of the Sea,
United Nations General Assembly or other fora regarding
June 17, 2006, New York
such issues. The Workshop brought together 45 experts
from governments (developed and developing countries),
NGOs, international organizations, science, and industry
Governance of Marine Areas Beyond
groups (submarine cables, fishing, marine transportation),
National Jurisdiction
all participating in their personal capacity in these infor-
As a follow-up on the recommendations emanating from
mal discussions and following the Chatham House rule.
the discussion of the Working Group on Governance of
The Workshop participants considered strategic perspec-
Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction at the 2006
tives for the next 5-10 years; clarified some issues; laid out
Global Conference, the following activities have been
various perspectives; developed options; and identified
organized:
possible avenues for consensus-building among disparate
interests. It should be stressed that not all the participants
agreed with all points considered; nevertheless the
Workshop discussions were most successful in charting
15
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
some options for advancing this important issue in the
addressing important issues related to the governance of
next decade.
marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, specifically by:
Working Group on Governance of
1. Assessing each of the major management options for
Marine Ecosystems and Uses in
improved governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdic-
Areas Beyond the Limits of National
tion (ranging along a continuum of enhancing institution-
Jurisdiction at the 4th Global
al capacity for ecosystem-based management), building on
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
the outcomes of the Nice Workshop and of the Hanoi
Islands
Conference;
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam
2. Addressing the following focal areas in the management of
marine genetic resources: Identifying opportunities and enhanc-
The Working Group on Governance of Marine Ecosystems
ing understanding of values and processes, and issues related to
and Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits of National
intellectual property, options for access and benefit sharing, and
Jurisdiction gathered at the 4th Global Conference on
governance gaps, taking into account the outcomes of the
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands with the goal to assist with the
8th meeting of the UN Open-ended Informal Consultative
process of collecting relevant information that may pro-
Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP-8, June
vide a valuable contribution to the second meeting of the
2007) and the second meeting of the UN Ad Hoc Open-
United Nations General Assembly Ad Hoc Open-ended
ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to
Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the
the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological
conservation and sustainable use of marine biological
diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (April-May
diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (New York,
2008);
28 April 2 May 2008).
3. Discussing priority activities that might be taken to move
More specifically, the objectives of the work of the
toward ecosystem-based governance of marine areas beyond
Working Group at the Hanoi Conference were:
national jurisdiction (including the Arctic) that could be con-
· to hold focused discussions on a continuum of coher-
sidered for support through future Global Environment
ent policy options from sectoral solutions to cross-sec-
Facility (GEF) funding.
toral global solutions; and
The Workshop was co-chaired by Biliana Cicin-Sain,
· to discuss next steps needed for developing and apply-
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands; David
ing a set of evaluative criteria to examine each option
Freestone,World Bank; Ambassador Mary Seet-Cheng,
in the continuum (e.g. to what extent would the con-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore; Eden Charles,
servation and sustainable use goals be achieved,
Permanent Mission of Trinidad and Tobago to the United
responses to climate change be effective, ocean uses be
Nations; and Salvatore Arico, UNESCO, Co-Chair of the
allowed, the institutional and administrative feasibility
Working Group.
of individual measures, their political feasibility, etc.).
The Working Group focused its work on the main theme
4. Work with Small Island
of the 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Developing States (SIDS)
Islands, namely "Advancing Ecosystem Management and
2001-2005:
Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management in the Context
of Climate Change."
While typically small in land size, small island developing
States (SIDS) can be characterized as large ocean states due
Workshop on Governance of Marine
to establishment of 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zones
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction:
(EEZs), resulting in these small islands being custodians of
Management Issues and Policy
much of the world's ocean space. An issue of major con-
Options
cern to SIDS is the threat of climate change and the associ-
November 3-5, 2008, Singapore
ated sea level rise predictions. The significant vulnerability
of the natural environment, economy, and social structure
The Singapore Workshop built on the
of SIDS has been well established. Even though similar
two workshops noted above and contin-
problems are present in most developing countries,
uing work carried out by the Global Forum's Expert
because of the inherent characteristics of SIDS, they are felt
Working Group on Governance of Marine Areas Beyond
more acutely by these countries.
National Jurisdiction. The Singapore Workshop aimed to
While most SIDS are keenly aware of the importance of the
provide expert and multi-stakeholder perspectives on
marine environment and its resources to their sustainable
16
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
development and economic stability, many SIDS nations
Island Bellwether: Climate Change and Energy Policy
lack specific institutions or administrative processes to
Strategy for Small Island Developing States Toward
implement cross-cutting approaches to planning and man-
Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No. 2005-2
agement of oceans and coasts. Among the 44 SIDS nations,
The Global Forum also devoted a conference panel and dis-
most SIDS have not delimited their outer limits of the con-
cussion groups on SIDS during the 2nd Global Conference
tinental shelf, only eight SIDS have dedicated coastal man-
in Paris in November 2003 in preparation for the Mauritius
agement institutions; and only three (7%) have enacted
International Meeting. At the Meeting, a side event was
coastal legislation.
also organized by the Global Forum focusing on SIDS
The Global Forum has worked with the Alliance of Small
ocean and coastal management issues highlighted in the
Island States (AOSIS) since 2001 when SIDS and ocean
policy analyses reports.
interests became particularly active in advancing the SIDS,
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):
oceans, and coasts agenda at the World Summit on
Sustainable Development. The Global Forum participated
Working Group on SIDS on the Implementation of
in and provided analytical input to the 2005 Mauritius
the Mauritius International Strategy
International Meeting to review the 1994 Barbados
A Working Group composed of SIDS ocean experts from
Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of
the Pacific, Caribbean, and AIMS (Indian Ocean, Atlantic,
Small Island Developing States, and has worked with SIDS
Mediterranean, and South China Sea) has been formed to
representatives in assessing and responding to capacity
work with AOSIS, UNDESA, and others on the rapid imple-
development needs in ocean and coastal management.
mentation of the decisions made at the Mauritius
2001-2005 (GEF/MSP):
International Meeting, and to address issues related to
capacity development in SIDS.
Global Forum Towards Mauritius
2005 Paper Series
The Working Group met in Lisbon, Portugal, during the
TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit, to discuss the imple-
The Global Forum contributed to the oceans agenda at the
mentation of ocean and coastal issues specified within the
2005 Mauritius International Meeting to review the 1994
Mauritius Implementation Strategy and the Barbados
Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable
Programme of Action and to examine the issues of capaci-
Development of Small Island Developing States by prepar-
ty building. Panels and dialogue sessions on SIDS issues
ing a series of policy analyses on ocean and coastal man-
were featured at the 2006 Third Global Conference on Oceans,
agement issues in SIDS. The reports of the policy analyses
Coasts, and Islands, with
experts from the three SIDS
were presented at the Mauritius International Meeting.
regions deliberating on how to go forward in the develop-
This work was sponsored by the UNEP/GPA.
ment of implementation strategies for the Mauritius
The Reports include:
International Strategy. A major obstacle emphasized at the
Global Conference was insufficient institutional support
Voluntary Partnership Initiatives from the 2002 World
for systematic follow-up to the Mauritius Strategy--includ-
Summit on Sustainable Development and Small Island
ing the absence of a mechanism for assessing implementa-
Developing States Toward Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No.
tion at national and regional levels; the need to integrate
2003-1
the Mauritius Strategy into the work programs of the UN
Iniciativas de Asociación Voluntarias Derivadas de la
agencies; establishing indicators for implementation suc-
Cumbre Mundial 2002 sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible y los
cess; and strengthening the capacity of AOSIS to assess
Pequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo Toward
progress on implementation and to eliminate obstacles to
Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No. 2004-1
implementation.
Global Multilateral Environmental Agreements and
Small Island Developing States Toward Mauritius 2005
Thank you to the Global Forum for capturing the issues that
Paper Series No. 2004-2
are facing small island developing States. These issues were
well covered in both in the Third Global Conference and in
Small Islands, Large Ocean States: A Review of Ocean
the reports coming out of the conference.
and Coastal Management in Small Island Developing
States since the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action for
-- Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, former UN
the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing
Permanent Representative of Tuvalu to the
States (SIDS) Toward Mauritius 2005 Paper Series No.
United Nations and Vice-Chair, Alliance of
2005-1
Small Island States, January 27, 2006, Paris
17
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Regional Assessments on Capacity Building
tional structures and processes for integrated ocean and
in 4 SIDS Regions
coastal management in the SIDS regional context, and in
the context of global climate change. The workshop also
Under the framework of the Global Forum GEF-MSP on
addressed the salient problem of formally delimiting the
Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf
on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages, the Global Forum
boundaries in SIDS nations as a prerequisite for effective
has organized four regional capacity assessments on the
EEZ management by establishing the legal boundaries for
specific steps that can be taken to rapidly implement the
management interventions.
Mauritius Strategy (2005) in four SIDS regions: Caribbean;
Pacific Islands; Indian Ocean, and Atlantic SIDS, with lead-
5. Long-term Capacity Building in
ership from regional SIDS experts, as follows:
Ocean and Coastal Management
Implementing the Pacific Islands Regional Oceans
Policy: A Rapid Assessment on the Status of Ocean and
Integrated management of the coast and the marine environ-
Coastal Management in the Pacific Islands Region with
ment is altogether an essential aspect of improving the social
Recommendations for Immediate Priority Actions
and economic conditions of communities which are mostly
established in such coastal zones-- hence the need for vigilance
Cristelle Pratt and Mary Power, Pacific Islands Applied
on the part of all those involved in development to ensure better
Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), and Alf Simpson,
management of the marine and coastal environment, a revenue
Independent Consultant (2006)
source that must be managed in an ecologically rational way.
Strategies for Implementing Coastal and Ocean
Management in the Wider Caribbean Region
-- Honorable Thierno Lo, Minister for the
Environment and Protection of Nature,
Peter Edwards (Jamaica), University of Delaware, and
Senegal, January 25, 2006, Paris
Franklin McDonald, United Nations Environment
Programme/Caribbean Environment Programme (2007)
2001-2005:
Implementation Strategy for Advancing Ocean and
Capacity building for the governance of ocean and coastal
Coastal Management in the Atlantic SIDS
areas has been an important priority focus area of the
Marina Pereira Silva, Independent Consultant (Cape
Global Forum since its formation in 2001. Capacity devel-
Verde), and Isabel Torres de Noronha, Community of
opment is essential for achieving integrated management
Portuguese-Speaking Nations (CPLP) Oceans Strategy
of the oceans, especially in developing countries, SIDS, and
Advisor (2006)
countries with economies in transition.
Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and the South
Participants at the 1st and 2nd Global Conferences in 2001
China Sea (AIMS) SIDS Rapid Assessment: Policy
and 2003 made key recommendation on capacity develop-
Analysis on Strategies for Implementation of Ocean and
ment:
Coastal Management Priorities
1) Carry out capacity building that would support the
Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles, Peter Edwards
involvement of both the national and sub-national levels
(Jamaica), LaVerne Walker (St. Lucia), Lindsey Williams
of government in the development and implementation of
(US) (2006)
integrated coastal management programs;
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Oceans
2) Increase the capacity of local governments and commu-
Strategy Workshop
nity-based groups to manage coastal and marine areas with
April 4, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam
appropriate scientific inputs and participatory processes;
and
A workshop was convened on April 4, 2008 in Hanoi,
3) Promote the formulation of policies for the manage-
Vietnam, to continue discussion on furthering the imple-
ment of EEZs as a new frontier to maximize the economic
mentation of the Mauritius Strategy. The workshop provid-
return from ocean resources, in particular through the
ed a venue for SIDS government officials and regional lead-
development of common vision for sustainable develop-
ers to discuss and consider information, approaches, and
ment across all ocean.
tools for addressing ocean governance and achieving sus-
tainable development of oceans and resources including
The Global Forum GEF/MSP has addressed these priority
the implementation of the Pacific Islands Regional Ocean
areas especially in SIDS, developing countries, and coun-
Policy and other SIDS regional initiatives at the national
tries with economies in transition, as noted below.
level, specifically looking at potential appropriate institu-
18
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):
3. The presence (or absence) of informal programs of
Assessment of Capacity-building Needs for
ocean and coastal management targeted to decision-
the Development and Implementation of
makers in countries in the region, as well as the needs
Ecosystem-based National and Regional
for enhancing such programs
Ocean Policies Among Developing
4. Approaches to institutionalizing "Extension" services
Countries and Regions
at the community/local level for problem-solving and
community education regarding ocean and coastal
Capacity building in light of national ocean policy develop-
resources
ment and improved ocean governance involves capacity devel-
opment at three levels: Individual, institutional, and societal
5. Strategic solutions to the identified gaps and needs
level. Individually there is a need to develop ocean policy
through the development of an implementation
expertise through human resource development programs.
strategy for capacity building in the regions, includ-
Institutional capacity development involves providing support
ing funding sources
from internal and external sources to advance the design,
The following assessments have been carried out:
implementation, and evaluation of ocean legislation, includ-
-- Four rapid assessments on the specific steps that can
ing the development of implementation strategies such as
be taken to rapidly implement the Mauritius Strategy
intergovernmental and cross-sectoral coordination mecha-
(2005) in four SIDS regions including assessing the
nisms and conduct of targeted research and development proj-
associated capacity development needs (see discus-
ects. At the societal level, capacity building involves the devel-
sion and report titles in the section on SIDS);
opment of public awareness and empowerment to be able to
take part in decision-making in ocean governance.
-- A capacity assessment on ocean and coastal manage-
ment by the Community of Portuguese-Speaking
Ultimately, to be successful, the good practice principles of
Nations (CPLP) (8 nations) (see details in Box 8);
capacity building need to be followed which, in spite of their
context-specificity and complexity, are clear. Similarly, suffi-
Assessment of Needs in Capacity Development for
cient resources (both skills and money) need to be set aside as
Ocean and Coastal Management in the Community
it is a long process, institutional and societal. Only within this
of Portuguese-Speaking Nations
understanding and framework will sufficient capacity be built
Community of Portuguese-speaking Nations (CPLP)
and lead to efficient and effective ocean governance. This will
(2006)
involve risk and demand courage and requires that govern-
-- Regional capacity assessments on integrated ocean
ment, private organizations, local civil society organizations,
and coastal management in Africa, East Asia, and
international non-governmental organizations, and donors
Latin America.
take responsibility for addressing their contributions to capac-
Assessment of East Asia's Capacity Building in Oceans
ity building.
and Coastal Governance PEMSEA, UNESCO-IOC, and
Ali Mohammed and James Kamula,
the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands,
New Partnership for Africa's Development
(2007)
(NEPAD) Coastal and Marine Coordination
Assessment of Africa's Capacity Building Needs for the
Unit (COSMAR) Secretariat, from
Development and Implementation of Ecosystem-based
Draft assessment, June 15, 2007
Ocean Governance
The Global Forum has organized eight regional capacity
Ali Mohammed and James Kamula, New Partnership for
assessments related to ocean and coastal management to
Africa's Development (NEPAD) Coastal and Marine
examine:
Coordination Unit (COSMAR) Secretariat (in draft)
1. Gaps and problems in capacity and determine their
Capacity Assessment in Ocean and Coastal
relative importance to current and future ocean gov-
Management in Latin America
ernance initiatives, including national and regional
Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources
integrated policy development
(SEMARNAT), Mexico, and Patricia Muñoz, National
Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico (Assessment under-
2. The presence (or absence) of university formal pro-
way)
grams related to ocean and coastal management in
countries in the region, as well as needs for enhancing
The Global Forum Working Group on Capacity
these
Development has been mobilized and produced a Policy
Brief on Capacity Development for the 4th Global
Oceans Conference. The Policy Brief makes a number of
19
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
recommendations for next steps for the Global Forum to
Box 8. South-to-South Cooperation on
consider, including promoting the development of ocean
Capacity Development among 8
leaders in partnership with global/regional organizations,
Portuguese Speaking Nations
i.e. AOSIS, WIO, GEF/ASLME, WIOMSA, CTI, facilitating a
high-level multi-donor (public and private) multi-partner
conference on capacity development, and enhancing edu-
The Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries
cation in marine affairs/policy for the next generation of
(CPLP) organized the first-ever workshop on The Seas
ocean leaders (through regional consortia of universities).
of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries
Oceans Strategy Workshop for SIDS
during the Global Forum's The Ocean Policy Summit
TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit
(October 10-14, 2005), to identify the common needs of
October 14, 2005
its member states--Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-
Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe,
The Global Forum organized the Oceans Strategy Work-
and East Timor--in the development of national ocean
shop, which was attended by 60 participants, including 22
policies as a major strategy for strengthening their nation-
SIDS participants and 21 lecturers and resource persons. The
al economies as well as their external relations. The total
workshop covered the areas of integrated ocean gover-
area of the Exclusive Economic Zones of the member
nance, with a focus on upstream (land-based sources) and
States of the CPLP is approximately 10 million sq. km,
downstream governance (continental shelf and Exclusive
and for centuries the histories of these countries have
Economic Zone governance), and the importance of linking
been closely related to the oceans, rendering their oceans
initiatives at both ends of the governance spectrum. The
as a major cultural and socio-economic asset.
workshop aimed to increase awareness among participants
on Exclusive Economic Zone and continental shelf delimi-
The workshop The Seas of the CPLP, which took place on
tation and management; multilateral environmental agree-
October 10, 2005, constituted a historic meeting where
ments negotiations; and implementation of the Global
high level representatives of the CPLP Member States dis-
Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
cussed, for the first time, the sustainable management of
Environment from Land-Based Activities, and to provide an
oceans; prioritized common major issues on oceans man-
opportunity for discussion of issues and opportunities relat-
agement; and identified avenues for cross-national collab-
ed to the workshop topics
oration to address these issues. The participants drew up an
action plan for enhanced cooperation among member
Collaborative Activities with IW:LEARN in
states, including the holding of a high-level officials work-
Enhancing Replication of Outcomes from GEF IW
shop for raising awareness on oceans management.
Projects
The Government of Brazil subsequently hosted a
The Global Forum and the UNDP/UNEP/WB-GEF
Ministerial-level workshop for the CPLP, held in Brasilia
International Waters Learning, Exchange, and Resource
on May 24-26, 2006, which resulted in a Framework of
Network Program (IW:LEARN) are collaborating in a num-
Cooperation on the Environment among CPLP Member
ber of capacity development activities: 1) supporting the
States. The framework represents a renewal of the commit-
work of the Oceans Training Partnership (UNEP/GPA,
ments made by the Community of Portuguese-Speaking
UNDOALOS, UNDP/GEF, International Ocean Institute,
Countries to multilateral environmental agreements, par-
IW:LEARN, UNESCO-IHE, Global Forum) especially in
ticularly the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and
implementing a framework for the electronic posting of
the Millennium Development Goals. In addition, the CPLP
existing courses administered by the various partners; 2)
Framework of Cooperation on the Environment gives pri-
Internet dissemination of best practices and lessons
ority to the implementation of existing institutional
learned from the Global Forum GEF/MSP, other Global
arrangements already in place, particularly in respect to the
Forum initiatives, and GEF International Water projects.
Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity
20
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Building, the UNEP Global Programme of Action for the
6. Linking the Management of
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
Freshwater and Oceans and Coasts
Activities, and the GEF International Waters Program.
The workshop participants agreed that a fruitful coopera-
All the Millennium Development Goals reducing poverty,
tion among CPLP nations could be achieved in the areas
hunger, diseases, and environmental degradation depend on
noted below with different countries taking responsibility
water for their achievement. That in turn calls for Integrated
for serving as the lead on the issue:
Water Resources Management, and because water is an inte-
· Biodiversity
gral system, we must marry Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 on
freshwater resources, to Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 on oceans
· Combating Desertification and Mitigation of the
and coasts, and similarly, we must bring together the water
Effects of Drought
and oceans communities. The Global Forum is well poised to
· Ecotourism
bring these two communities together.
· Environmental Education
-- Dr. Torkil Jønch-Clausen, King Hassan II
· Ocean and Coastal Management
Prize Awardee, 2006 World Water Forum,
· Waste Management
Mexico City, October 17, 2006, Beijing
· Integrated Water Resources Management
2005-2008 (GEF/MSP):
· Climate Change and Renewable Energies.
Due to interrelated natural processes, what happens
upstream affects the downstream environment and vice-
The Framework will be implemented in various
versa. In order to preserve overall system integrity, it is
ways, including through:
imperative to link management measures regarding
oceans and coasts to the improved management of river
· Exchange of information;
basins and watersheds to insure that development activi-
· Professional enhancement, through training
ties upstream are planned and implemented with full
courses, student exchange and academic programs;
knowledge of the potential impacts to the ecosystems and
· Strengthening environmental management
economic activities and livelihoods in the coastal and
programs;
marine areas. The costs of inaction are high. It is known
from river rehabilitation practices that the costs of ignor-
· Implementation of joint projects in each of the
ing upstream-downstream management linkages have
thematic areas included in this Framework;
been enormous--the costs of rehabilitation are much
· Exchange of technicians, consultants and researchers;
higher than the costs of prevention.
· Organization of seminars, symposia and
However, it is difficult, in practice, to connect the manage-
conferences; and
ment of freshwater, with the management of coasts and
· Provision of equipment and other necessary
oceans since decisions about these areas generally take
materials for the accomplishment of specific
place in different institutions and by different actors.
projects.
There has also generally been little systematic contact
Implementation of the Framework is already underway
between the technical and policy communities in fresh-
with a specific two-year agreement with funding between
water and oceans.
Brazil and Cape Verde to provide support for Cape Verde
One of the goals of the GEF/MSP project was to foster dia-
in capacity building, training, methodologies, and publi-
logue, and eventually partnerships, with global water
cations related to integrated management of coastal shores
institutions, such as the Global Water Partnership, the
and to oil spill prevention.
World Water Council, the Swedish International Water
Institute, others. In the period 2005-2007, the Global
Forum thus spent considerable effort to insert an oceans
aspect in important global water gatherings (such as the
World Water Forum and the Stockholm World Water
Week) as well as to bring freshwater perspectives into
oceans fora such as the 2006 global oceans conference. In
related action, the Global Forum worked with UNEP/GPA
in the preparations for the Second Intergovernmental
21
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Review Meeting of the UNEP Global Programme of Action
organizations. Thirty-nine (39) experts from 29 countries
for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-
participated in the workshop.
based Activities (IGR-2), especially in the preparation of
The Working Group organized a panel session and stakehold-
IGR-2 partnerships.
er dialogue sessions on linking freshwater-to-oceans initia-
Working Group on Linking Management of Freshwater
tives at the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
and Oceans
Islands, held in UNESCO, Paris, France, January 23-28, 2006,
and made preparations for the second Intergovernmental
The Global Forum organized a Freshwater to Oceans
Review of the UNEP-GPA (IGR-2) held on October 16-20,
Working Group to focus especially on the implementation
2006, in Beijing, People's Republic of China.
of the UNEP Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
A session on Management Link for Freshwater and
Activities and on best practices in linking watersheds to
Coasts--Progress in Local Actions organized by the
oceans. The Task Force is composed of experts in both
UNEP/GPA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
watershed management and in integrated coastal and
Administration, and the Global Forum was held at the 4th
ocean management from various organizations and
World Water Forum in Mexico City on March 18, 2006,
regions. The activities of the Global Forum and of the
which aimed to promote integrated watershed and coastal
Freshwater to Oceans Working Group to foster dialogue
management through the UNEP-GPA framework, partner-
with the global water community and to work on the IGR-
ships and other approaches.
2 are summarized in Box 9.
Another session on Strengthening Cross-cutting Schemes
The Global Forum also developed a new partnership with
Toward the Integrated Management of Rivers and Coasts
UNEP/GPA and other partners that was featured at the IGR-
organized by SEMARNAT General Directorship for
2 in Beijing in October 2006. The partnership, entitled
Environmental Policy, Regional and Sectoral Integration,
Advancing the WSSD Targets on Ecosystem Management and
and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), was held at
on Integrated Coastal Management through the GPA: Global
the 4th World Water Forum on March 18, 2006, which pro-
Reporting and Case Studies, will involve the preparation of a
moted crosscutting interventions along the watershed to
global report on the status and trends in the implementa-
protect coastal areas from land-based sources of pollution,
tion of policy initiatives in ecosystem management, and
and highlighted the need for integrated watershed and
integrated coastal and ocean management, based on col-
coastal management.
laboration with national authorities (on a voluntary basis),
Together with the Stakeholder Forum, the Global Forum
national experts, regional organizations, UN organizations,
produced a set of newsletters, GPA Outreach, related to
and other expert entities. This report was featured at the
UNEP-GPA and IGR-2 during the Stockholm World Water
2008 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Week (August 2006). The newsletters featured a number of
Islands in Vietnam (discussed later in this report). The con-
partnerships that were presented during Partnerships Day
ference brought together experts from around the world to
at IGR-2.
explicitly focus
The Global Forum also collaborated with the Stakeholder
Box 9. Activities of the Global Forum and of the
Forum on a GPA Event at the World Water Week on
Working Group on Freshwater and Oceans to
Developing Solutions to Protect the Marine Environment
Connect Freshwater and Ocean Management
from Land-based Activities: Stakeholder Consultation,
Processes
August 22, 2006, Stockholm. In preparation for IGR-2, this
side event brought together stakeholders from around the
The Working Group organized the International
world to discuss issues threatening the marine environ-
Workshop on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Management
ment. Participants were given the opportunity to comment
Interlinkages, held on January 10-11, 2006 in Mexico City,
on the draft Beijing Declaration on furthering the imple-
sponsored by the GEF/MSP Fostering a Global Dialogue on
mentation of the Global Programme of Action for the
Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
Interlinkages in collaboration with IOC, the Consejo
Activities produced during the IGR-2.
Consultivo del Agua, Mexico, SEMARNAT, Mexico, Centro
The Global Forum participated in the 11th Global Water
EPOMEX, the Global Forum, UNEP Global Programme of
Partnership Consulting Partners Meeting and 10th
Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Anniversary Celebration held on August 18-20, 2006 in
Land-based Activities (GPA) and other collaborating
Stockholm, Sweden, and in the 2006 World Water Week
also in Stockholm, August 20-26, 2006, where several
22
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
potential collaborators were identified in an effort to
Box 10. Publications and Internet Services by
promote the development of a collaborative relation-
the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
ship between the Global Forum and water-related insti-
tutions.
1. Integrated National and Regional Ocean Policies:
In particular, collaboration was established with the
Comparative Practices and Future Prospects
Danish Hydraulic Institute Water and Environment
UNU Press (forthcoming in 2009)
Group and the UNEP Collaborating Centre on Water
2. Workshop onGovernance of Marine Areas Beyond
and Environment (UCC-Water), focusing on: 1) Work
National Jurisdiction: Management Issues and Policy
on the GWP IWRM Tool Box to strengthen the integrat-
Options (2009)
ed ocean and coastal management tools available for
3. Report to the Ninth Meeting of the Conference of
both IWRM and integrated ocean and coastal manage-
the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity,
ment (ICM) users; 2) Plan the conduct of a series of case
19-30 May 2008, Bonn, Germany (2008)
studies on freshwater to oceans linkages in several
4. Submission of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
regions of the world; 3) Conduct demonstrations on the
and Islands to the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended Informal
use of the enhanced IWRM tool box in the several forth-
Working Group to study issues relating to the conser-
coming freshwater and ocean workshops/meetings; 4)
vation and sustainable use of marine biological
Collaborate in the planning of the content of freshwater
diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction,
to oceans activities at forthcoming global water and
New York, 28 April - 2 May 2008 (2008)
global oceans events, including the World Water Forum,
and the Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
5. 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands.
Islands: Conference Overview and Earth
Negotiations Bulletin Summary Report (2008)
The Working Group on Freshwater to Oceans produced
6. Policy Brief on Climate, Oceans, and Security (2008)
a Policy Brief on Linking the Management of
Freshwater, Oceans, and Coasts. The Policy Brief was
7. Policy Brief on Achieving EBM and ICM by 2010
used as the basis for discussions during the 4th Global
and Progress Indicators (2008)
Conference, which led to the identification of five goals
8. Policy Brief on Large Marine Ecosystems (2008)
for the Working Group to: (1) Identify and recognize
9. Policy Brief on Marine Biodiversity and Networks of
the costs and implications of failure to link IWRM and
Marine Protected Areas (2008)
ICM; (2) Challenge participants to identify ways to bet-
10. Policy Brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture (2008)
ter link IWRM and ICM that can be suitable for govern-
ments, donors, planners, and key stakeholders; (3)
11. Policy Brief on SIDS and Implementation of the
Identify success stories; (4) Provide input to the Global
Mauritius Strategy (2008)
Forum related to recommendations and next steps; and
12. Policy Brief on Freshwater and Oceans (2008)
(5) Identify post-Hanoi activities, including input to the
13. Policy Brief on the Governance of Marine Ecosystems
marine section at the 5th World Water Forum. The
and Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits of National
Global Forum is undertaking preparations for participa-
Jurisdiction (2008)
tion in the 5th World Water Forum to be held in
Istanbul in 2009.
14. Policy Brief on Maritime Transportation (2008)
15. Policy Brief on Capacity Development (2008)
7. Policy Analyses, Publications, and
16. Policy Brief on Compliance and Enforcement (2008)
Information Services
17. Policy Brief on Developing a Strategy for Public
The Global Forum produces a broad variety of policy
Education/Outreach (2008)
analyses, publications, and information services, includ-
18. Meeting the Commitments on Oceans, Coasts,
ing an electronic newsletter and other online informa-
and Small Island Developing States Made at the
tion, with the goal of providing relevant and timely
2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development:
information about integrated ocean policy to the global
How Well Are We Doing? Co-chairs' Report
oceans community, with a particular emphasis on deci-
Volume 1 (2006)
sion-makers.
See Box 10 for a list of publications.
23
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
19. Reports from the Third Global Conference on Oceans,
8. Outreach to the Public
Coasts, and Islands: Moving the Global Oceans Agenda
2001-2008:
Forward, Co-Chairs' Report Volume 2 (2006)
The Global Forum has organized ocean events especially
20. Small Islands, Large Ocean States: A Review
aimed at decisionmakers and is collaborating with the
of Ocean and Coastal Management in Small Island
World Ocean Network in the creation and dissemination
Developing States since the 1994 Barbados Programme
of information on global oceans issues to the public.
of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small
Island Developing States (SIDS) (2005)
Ocean Events
21 Island Bellwether: Climate Change and Energy Policy
The Global Forum hosts side events at nearly all relevant
Strategy for Small Island Developing States (2005)
international conferences and meetings that focus on the
global agenda on oceans, coasts, and SIDS. See Box 11 for
22. Mobilizing for Implementation of the Commitments
a list of events.
Made at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
Development on Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
Box 11. Side Events Organized by the Global
Developing States
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Co-Chairs' Report of the 2003 Global Conference on
Islands during Major Ocean Meetings
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, UNESCO, Paris, November
12-14, 2003 and Subsequent Developments (May 2004)
1. Side Event at 9th Meeting of UN Open-ended Informal
23. Global Multilateral Environmental Agreements and
Consultative Process on Oceans and the
Small Island Developing States (2004)
Law of the Sea (ICP-9): "Advancing Ecosystem
24. Voluntary Partnership Initiatives from the 2002 World
Management and Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Summit on Sustainable Development and Small Island
Management in the Context of Climate Change:
Developing States (2003) (also in Spanish)
Special Focus on Maritime Security and Safety"
25. A Guide to Oceans, Coasts and Islands at the World
(Co-organized with the Permanent Mission of the
Summit on Sustainable Development: Integrated
Seychelles to the UN), New York, June 23, 2008
Management from Hilltops to Oceans (2002)
2. Side Event at the 16th Meeting of the UN Com-
26. Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Oceans and
mission on Sustainable Development: "Sea Level Rise,
Coasts: A Call to Action. Co-Chairs' Report, the Global
Climate Change and its impacts on Food Security in
Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10, Paris,
SIDS: Challenges and Opportunities" (Co-organized
UNESCO, December 3-7, 2001 (2001)
with the Sea Level Rise Foundation) New York,
May 12, 2008
27. Ministerial Perspectives on Oceans and Coasts at
Rio+10 (2001)
3. Side Event at the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended Informal
Working Group to study issues relating to the conser-
28. Reports of the Conference Working Groups, The Global
vation and sustainable use of marine biological
Conference on Oceans and Coasts at Rio+10, Paris,
diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction:
UNESCO, December 3-7, 2001 (2001)
"Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses in
29. Internet services: www.globaloceans.org provides a vari-
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction in the Context
ety of information services on global, regional, and
of Climate Change: Prospects and Challenges"
national developments related to oceans, coasts, and
(Co-sponsored with the Permanent Mission of
islands
South Africa to the United Nations),
30. Global Forum Newsletter, an electronic newsletter, is pub-
New York, April 29, 2008
lished periodically (available on www.globaloceans.org)
4. Side Event at the 8th Meeting of the United Nations
Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans
and the Law of the Sea (ICP-8): "Meeting the WSSD
Goals of Achieving Ecosystem Management and
Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management by 2010 (at
National and Regional Levels and in Areas beyond
National Jurisdiction) Taking into Account Climate
Change: Challenges, Progress, Political Will,"
New York, June 26, 2007
24
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
5. Side Event at World Water Week: "Developing
The WON and NAUSICAA have developed a long-range
Solutions to Protect the Marine Environment from
plan (to 2015) with a framework for public information
Land-Based Activities: Stakeholder Consultation,"
activities in support of Global Forum goals and objectives
(Co-organized with the Stakeholder Forum for a
(see figure on opposite page).
Sustainable Future), Stockholm, August 22, 2006
Safeguarding the potential of the world's ocean is an immense
6. Side Event at the 7th Meeting of the United Nations
collective and individual challenge for all citizens of the Blue
Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans
Planet. The oceans sustain livelihoods of all inhabitants of the
and the Law of the Sea (ICP-7): "Meeting the
Earth. It is only natural that all citizens, and not only decision-
Commitments on Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
makers, should be involved in stewardship and governance of
Developing States Made at the 2002 World Summit on
the oceans. The role of the general public is two-fold: To partic-
Sustainable Development: How Well Are We Doing?,"
ipate actively in policy- making and to adapt their everyday
New York, June 13, 2006
behaviour towards a sustainable way of life. Without a strong
7. Session at the 4th World Water Forum on
public awareness of human connectedness with the marine
"Management Link for Freshwater and Coasts
environment and a strong sense of common maritime identity,
Progress in Local Actions" (Organized by the
no policy will succeed.
UNEP/GPA, NOAA, SEMARNAT and the Global
Forum), Mexico City, March 18, 2006
The role that aquaria, science centres, natural science museums,
8. Side Event at the 2nd Meeting of the
and zoos can play makes them an important asset. Visited by
Intergovernmental Review of the UNEP-GPA:"
more than 200 million people every year, our institutions are sit-
Advancing the Oceans, Coasts, Small Island
uated at a crossroads where several worlds converge: The world
Developing States (SIDS), and Freshwater/Oceans
of politics, scientists and professionals, the world of mass
Agenda in the Next Decade: Key Issues and
media, and general public institutions. We are ideally placed to
Opportunities," Beijing, October 19, 2006
explain the complexities of maritime issues, inform the public
about sustainable policies, make new laws more easily accept-
9. Side Event at the Mauritius International Meeting
ed, involve people in their implementation, and find out what
on SIDS: "Mobilizing for Further Implementation of
the general public really thinks and needs.
Ocean and Coastal Management in SIDS,"
January 11, 2005
- Philippe Vallette, General Manager,
10. Side Event at the 3rd World Water Forum,
NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer,
March 16-23, 2003
France), and Co-Chair, World Ocean
Network, June 24, 2007, New York
11. Side Event at the 20th Anniversary of the Law
of the Sea, 2002
The Global Forum Working Group on Public Education
and Outreach, organized in 2007, has developed a Policy
Outreach to the Public Through Museums and
Brief, which was presented and discussed at the 4th Global
Oceans Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Aquaria
The Global Forum recognizes the importance of increasing
Directory of Non-Governmental Organizations
public awareness of the global agenda on oceans, coasts,
Involved in Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS
and island to advance the global oceans agenda. Since
This directory provides concise information on about 500
2002, the Global Forum has enjoyed a close collaboration
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around the
with NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer, France), also
world that are involved in furthering the agenda of the
the organizer of World Ocean Network (WON) (the net-
World Summit on Sustainable Development regarding
work of museums, aquaria, and ocean learning centers
oceans, coasts, and small island developing States. The
around the world). With WON and NAUSICAA and
Directory is web-based to make it widely accessible and for
with funding from the GEF/MSP, the Global Forum has
ease in updating existing NGO information and adding
prepared and disseminated a package of public informa-
new organizations. It is located at the Global Forum on
tion materials highlighting global oceans issues and
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands website:
demonstrating how individual citizens can make a differ-
www.globaloceans.org.
ence in achieving sustainable development of oceans.
25
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
26
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
III. FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
· Recommendations on 3-5 specific priority action steps
GLOBAL FORUM STRATEGIC
for implementation by national and international deci-
sionmakers to advance the issue in the next phase
PLANNING TO 2016
The following policy briefs are available at
2005-2008:
www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/:
In late 2006, the Global Forum began a strategic planning
1.
Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal and
effort in collaboration with governments, United Nations
Ocean Management and Indicators for Progress
agencies, NGOs, industry, and scientific groups, to advance
2.
Large Marine Ecosystems
the global oceans agenda over the ten-year period to 2016.
3.
Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine
Twelve Multinational Expert Working Groups, involving
Protected Areas
254 experts from 72 countries, have been organized on the
following three major themes based on the WSSD targets
4.
Linking the Management of Freshwater, Oceans,
on oceans, coasts, and SIDS, also considering a number of
and Coasts
overarching, cross-cutting issues, as shown in the chart
5.
Fisheries and Aquaculture--Sustainability and
below.
Governance
The Working Groups have prepared a set of Policy
6.
Maritime Transport
Analyses addressing:
7.
Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses in
· The major problems/obstacles that affect the issue area
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
and ways of overcoming these
8.
Climate, Oceans, and Security
· How the global ocean goal/target under consideration
9.
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and
can be assessed and progress (or lack thereof) measured;
Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy
the extent to which intermediate and readily measurable
targets and timetables might be set as implementation
10. Compliance and Enforcement
benchmarks; and the relationship of the ocean
11. Capacity Building
goal/target to other global ocean goals/targets
12. Public Education and Outreach
· Strategic opportunities for advancing the global goal/
target in the next decade, by whom, and in what fora
Global Forum Working Groups Matrix
Theme 1: Achieving Ecosystem
Theme 2: Climate, Oceans, and Security
Theme 3: Governance of Marine
Management and Integrated
Ecosystems and Uses in Areas
a. Coordinating Group on
Coastal and Ocean Management
Beyond National Jurisdiction
Theme 2: Cross-Cutting Issues
by 2010
· Vulnerable Communities
a. Coordinating Group on
a. Coordinating Group on
--Adaptation
Theme 3: Cross-Cutting Issues
Theme 1: Cross-Cutting Issues
--Environmental Refugees
· Overall Governance Issues
b. Large Marine Ecosystems
--Public Health
· Ecosystems and Uses
c. Marine Biodiversity and MPAs
· Vulnerable Ecosystems
--Marine Biodiversity
d. Freshwater, Oceans, and Coasts
--Natural Disasters
--Fisheries
e. Fisheries and Aquaculture
--Sea Level Rise
--Bioprospecting
f. Maritime Transportation
--Ocean Acidification
--Deep Seabed Mining
--Ocean Warming
--Tourism
b. SIDS and the Mauritius Strategy
--Maritime Transportation
Overarching, Cross-Cutting Issues
a. Capacity Development
b. Indicators for Progress
c. Compliance and Enforcement
d. Public Education/Outreach/Media
27
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Global Forum Activities Planned for
· SPECIAL ANALYSES IN THREE MAJOR AREAS:
2009-2012
1. Extent of implementation of Ecosystem-Based Management
Organizations with an interest in advancing the global
(EBM) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), includ-
oceans agenda are invited to collaborate with the Global
ing freshwater aspects, at national and regional levels, in
Forum in the further development and implementation of
partnership with national and regional collaborators
the strategic plan to advance the global oceans agenda and
2. Improving governance of marine areas beyond national
associated activities.
jurisdiction
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has committed
3. Planning and financing for adaptation to climate change in
support as core funding to support this work. Co-financing
developing countries, especially SIDS
has been invited from a wide range of collaborators from
· 5TH GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON OCEANS,
UN agencies, national governments, nongovernmental
COASTS, AND ISLANDS: ADVANCING
organizations, foundations, research centers, and aquaria
INTEGRATED OCEAN GOVERNANCE AT
and museums.
NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL LEVELS,
Major Activities to Be Undertaken:
UNESCO, PARIS, FRANCE, APRIL 5-9, 2010
The Conference, which will, in part, also celebrate the 50th
· STRATEGIC PLANNING TO ADVANCE THE
anniversary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
GLOBAL OCEANS AGENDA:
Commission and the 2010 International Year of
Work by Global Forum Secretariat and 12 Multinational
Biodiversity, will address the following themes:
Working Groups to implement the policy recommenda-
· Oceans, Climate and Security: Major Issues in Mitigation,
tions made at the Hanoi Global Oceans Conference and by
Adaptation, and Financing
the Working Groups to advance the global oceans agenda
· Integrated Marine and Coastal Policies: Best Practices at
to 2016
National and Regional Levels
· CO-ORGANIZATION OF THE GLOBAL OCEAN
· Progress Markers in Achieving Integrated Ecosystem-Based
POLICY DAY AT THE WORLD OCEAN CONFER-
Management by 2010, Including Linkages to Freshwater
ENCE, MANADO, INDONESIA, MAY 11-15, 2009
· Marine Biodiversity (2010) and Networks of Marine
At the 2009 World Ocean Conference, high-level political
Protected Areas (2012), and celebrating the 2010
leaders and other eminent persons will focus on the
International Year of Biodiversity
specific actions and initiatives that should be taken by the
· Next Steps in Building Consensus on Integrated
international community to address the policy recommen-
Governance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
dations developed at the 4th Global Conference on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands in Hanoi. This conference is being
· Enhancing United Nations Capacity to Respond to Cross-
organized by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and
Cutting Issues in Ocean Governance
Fisheries and the Government of North Sulawesi, in collab-
· Mobilizing to Support Capacity Development in
oration with the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
Islands, and other international partners.
(SIDS)
· Mobilizing the Public and the Private Sector for Global
Bringing together the high-level leaders around the world in an
Ocean Stewardship
informal way, in the Global Conferences and in the Ministerial
Roundtable, has been very useful in broadening the debate to
· OCEAN/CLIMATE STRATEGY/VISION/ LEADER-
include the perspectives of developing nations, developed
SHIP TRAINING FOR HIGH-LEVEL DECISION-
nations, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental
MAKERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD (FOCUS
organizations, industry, and civil society, and has helped to
ON PERMANENT OCEAN OFFICIALS IN-COUN-
inspire Indonesia to take a leading role in global ocean affairs
TRY AND PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES TO
by convening the World Ocean Conference in 2009 which will
THE UN)
be organized in coordination with the Global Forum.
This initiative aims to foster the development of "ocean
-- Indroyono Soesilo, Chair, Agency for Marine
leadership" among high-level decision-makers in develop-
and Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine
ing countries and SIDS, including both the highest level
Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
permanent officials at national levels and in the UN coun-
28
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
try missions in New York. This Ocean Leadership Training
Dr. Patricio Bernal, Executive Secretary
Program will combine the following aspects: (i) substan-
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/UNESCO
tive aspects related to the interplay of oceans, coasts, cli-
1, rue Miollis Cedex 15
mate, and biodiversity and related international and
Paris, France
national frameworks; (ii) leadership skills; (iii) negotiation
Tel: 33-1-45-68-39-83
skills.
Specific modules in this training program may
Email: p.bernal@unesco.org
include (i) Implementation of WSSD targets on oceans,
Dr. Veerle Vandeweerd
coasts, and SIDS: State-of-the Art: (a) Status of Ecosystems
Director, Environment & Energy Group
and Resources; and (b) How Well are We Doing?; (ii)
Bureau for Development Policy
Effective Communication, Negotiation, and Decision-
United Nations Development Programme
making; and (iii) Oceans and Climate Change: (a)
304 East 45th Street, 9th Floor
Developing Strategies and Linkages Among Management
New York, NY 10017 , U.S.A.
Initiatives; (b) Putting Oceans in the Climate Agenda; and
Tel: +1 (212) 906-5020
(c) Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Vulnerable
Email: veerle.vandeweerd@undp.org
Ecosystems and Communities. The Ocean Leadership
Training Program will be developed and delivered, with
2. The Steering Committee of the Global
partners, initially in English. Subsequently, the program
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
may be delivered in different languages together with lead-
The Steering Committee is comprised of 90 ocean leaders
ing partners from different countries.
from the governmental, intergovernmental, and non-
· PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
governmental sectors from all regions of the world (please
see list on page 43).
The Global Forum will collaborate with the World Ocean
Network (WON) (reaching more than 250 museums and
The Steering Committee provides policy guidance for the
aquaria around the world), the World Ocean Observatory
current and future activities of the Global Forum
(WOO), and other groups specializing in public outreach
3. The Secretariat of the Global Forum on
to craft and disseminate messages to the public to promote
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
appropriate individual and social behavior toward the
The Secretariat of the Global Forum is the International
oceans, in conjunction with the world's museums and
Coastal and Ocean Organization (ICO), an international
aquaria. In 2009, this work will be especially devoted to
nongovernmental organization accredited to the United
oceans and climate to coincide with the Global Forum's
Nations roster for the UN Commission on Sustainable
efforts associated with the 2009 World Ocean Conference
Development since 1993, and granted Special Consultative
and the UNFCCC negotiations. A series of public-oriented
Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United
briefings focused on the oceans/climate priority areas to be
Nations in July 2006. ICO is registered as a non-profit and
covered at WOC2009 will be prepared and widely dissem-
tax-exempt organization (501 (c) (3) in the State of
inated in print form as well as in other media.
Massachusetts, USA. ICO has been the Secretariat of the
IV. GLOBAL FORUM ORGANIZATION
Global Forum since 2004.
AND CONTACT INFORMATION
ICO is governed by an international Board of Directors,
noted by a double asterisk in the List of Steering
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands is gov-
Committee members in the Appendix. All members of the
erned by the following:
ICO Board of Directors are also members of the Steering
Committee of the Global Forum. The ICO Board of
1. Three Co-Chairs:
Directors provides operational guidance for ICO as the
Co-Chairs, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Secretariat of the Global Forum.
and Islands:
ICO is hosted at the Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Head of Global Forum Secretariat
Policy, University of Delaware, USA. Center researchers,
Director, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
together with partners around the world, coordinate the
University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
analytical functions of the Global Forum on Oceans,
Tel: 1-302-831-8086;
Coasts, and Islands, the preparation of policy analyses on
Fax: 1-302-831-3668
the implementation of global oceans agreements, and the
Email: bcs@udel.edu
conduct of the Global Forum's global conferences, publica-
tions, and educational activities.
29
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
See the Global Forum organizational structure on
Global Forum Secretariat
the next page.
International Coastal and Ocean Organization
Contact Information
c/o Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy,
University of Delaware
For additional information on the Global Forum on
Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands or to become engaged in
Telephone: 1-302-831-8086;
Global Forum activities, please contact the Global Forum
Fax: 1-302-831-3668
Secretariat.
Internet: http://www.globaloceans.org
Contact:
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum Co-Chair and
Head of Secretariat (bcs@udel.edu)
Dr. Miriam Balgos, Global Forum Program Coordinator
(mbalgos@udel.edu)
30
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Secreta Coastal Organization(ICO),housedat theGerardJ.MangoneCenter forMarinePolicy,Universityof Delaware
Secretariat, theGlobalForum ICOisanon-profitandtax- exemptorganizationregisteredin Masachusets,USA.ICOhas been relatedtotheUNConferenceon EnvironmentandDevelopment sinc theUNCommissionon SustainableDevelopmentin193, and ConsultativeStatuswiththeUN EconomicandSocialCouncilin 206 ICOisgovernedbyan InternationalBoardofDirectors, whichservesastheExecutive CommiteoftheGlobalForum andprovidesoperationalguidance toICOasthe Glo Meets
31
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
V. Groups within the Global Forum
Indroyono Soesilo and Tonny Wagey, Ministry of Marine
Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
1. Working Group Leaders and Members
Christopher Tompkins, Independent Consultant, UK,
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands has
formerly DEFRA
undertaken a strategic planning effort for the period 2006-
Robert Corell, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
2016 to develop policy recommendations for specific next
Paul Epstein, Associate Director, Center for Health and the
steps needed to advance the global oceans agenda aimed at
Global Environment, Harvard University Medical School
governments, UN agencies, NGOs, industry, and scientific
Margaret Davidson, NOAA
groups. To this effect, Working Groups have been organ-
ized around 13 major topic areas related to the global
Magdalena A.K. Muir, Arctic Institute of North America
oceans commitments made at the 2002 World Summit on
Kateryna M. Wowk, University of Delaware and NOAA
Sustainable Development and to emerging issues facing
David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN Specialist
the global oceans community.
Group on Ocean Law and Governance
The Working Groups have been organized and coordinat-
Edward Miles, School of Marine Affairs, University of
ed by the Global Forum Secretariat, under the direction of
Washington
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Co-Chair and Head of Secretariat,
David Zilkoski, Director, National Geodetic Survey,
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, and involv-
NOAA/NOS
ing the following staff from the Gerard J. Mangone Center
for Marine Policy, University of Delaware: Miriam Balgos,
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Kateryna Wowk, Caitlin Snyder, Shelby Hockenberry, and
Kathleen McCole.
Ellina Levina, OECD
Leonard Nurse, University of West Indies, Cave Hill Campus,
Barbados and former Permanent Secretary (Environment),
Ministry of Physical Development and Environment,
Barbados
Ambassador Gunnar Palsson, Iceland
Eduard Sarukhanian, Director, World-Weather-Watch-
Applications, World Meteorological Organization
WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE, OCEANS,
Ken Sherman, NOAA-NMFS
AND SECURITY
Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, Permanent Secretary (CEO)
for Foreign Affairs and Labour, Tuvalu
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Vu Thanh Ca, Institute of Hydrography and Meteorology,
Vietnam
Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant, and former
Clive Wilkinson, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
Executive Secretary of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission of UNESCO
Janot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, Global Environment
Facility/IW-LEARN
Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Former Permanent
Representative of Samoa to the United Nations, former
Chair of AOSIS, and former Judge for the International
Criminal Court
Ik Kyo Chung, Pusan National University and Gi- Jun Han
and Jai Young Lee, Ministry of Land, Transport, and
Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea
Bill Eichbaum, Managing Director and Vice President of the
Marine Portfolio, World Wildlife Fund
32
Agenda for 2005-2007
The Global
Glob
Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Coast
and Islands
Islan
Christopher Corbin, Caribbean Environment Programme,
UNEP
Margaret Davidson, Zac Hart, and Ginger Hinchcliff, NOAA
Coastal Services Center
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Fernando Almuna, Chile
WORKING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM-BASED
Milton Asmus, International Representative, Brazilian
MANAGEMENT AND INTEGRATED COASTAL
Agency for Coastal Management
AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT AND INDICATORS
Dan Basta, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program
FOR PROGRESS
Dominique Benzaken, Marine Division of the Department of
the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australia
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Fatima Dia Toure, Senegal
Steven Murawski and Jack Dunnigan, NOAA
Rudolf Dorah, Solomon Islands
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator, Vietnam
Kristina Gjerde, IUCN
Association for Seas and Islands, Vietnam
Vladimir Golitsyn, Moscow State University
Al Duda and Peter Bjornsen, Global Environment Facility
Lynne Hale, The Nature Conservancy
Gi-Jun Han, Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime
Marea Hatziolos, World Bank
Affairs, Republic of Korea
Andrew Hudson, UNDP
Camille Mageau/Jake Rice, Department of Fisheries and
Pablo Huidobro, GEF Gulf of Mexico LME
Oceans, Canada
Timothy Kasten, UNEP, DEPI, Nairobi
Antonio Diaz de Leon and Porfirio Alvarez, Environmental,
Carl Lundin, IUCN
Regional Integration and Sectoral Policy, Environment and
Vladimir Mamaev, UNDP, Europe and the CIS
Natural Resources Ministry (SEMARNAT), Mexico
Yuriy Mikhaylichenko, Ministry of Economic Development
Ellik Adler, UNEP Regional Seas Programme
and Trade of the Russian Federation
David Johnson, OSPAR
Tony Ribbink, CEO, Sustainable Seas Trust, South Africa
Khulood Tubaishat, The Regional Organization for the
John Richardson, Maritime Policy Task Force, European
Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and
Commission
Gulf of Aden (PERSGA)
Alan Simcock, Independent Consultant, UK, former
David Freestone, World Bank
Co-Chair, UNICPOLOS
Magnus Ngoile, Marine and Coastal Environment
Indroyono Soesilo, Agency for Marine and Fisheries
Management Project (MACEMP), Tanzania
Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
Ali Mohammad, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State for
Kristian Teleki, International Coral Reef Action Network,
Special Programmes, Kenya
Switzerland
Tonny Wagey, Ministry of Marine Affairs and
Hiroshi Terashima, Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean Policy
Fisheries, Indonesia
Research Foundation, Japan
Indumathie Hewawasam, Independent Consultant,
Isabelle Van der Beck, GEF International Waters Projects in
formerly The World Bank
Latin America, UNEP
Mick O'Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem
David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN Specialist
Programme
Group on Ocean Law and Governance
Qinhua Fang, Environmental Science Research Centre
Dixon Waruinge, UNEP Regional Seas Programme
of Xiamen University, China
Clive Wilkinson, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
Julian Barbiere and Stefano Belfiore, IOC, UNESCO
Yihang Jiang, GEF Yellow Sea LME
Philippe Vallette, World Ocean Network, NAUSICAA, France
Ignatius KV Kauvee, University of Namibia
33
The Global
Globa Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Agenda
and
for
Islands
2005-2007
Repor
The
t
Glo of Activities
bal Forum 2005-2008
on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Robin Mahon, Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem Project
Rodolfo Serra, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Chile
Shannon Dionne, Office of International Affairs, NOAA
Thomas Laughlin, Office of International Affairs, NOAA
Yihang Jiang, Project Manager, Yellow Sea Project (YSLME)
WORKING GROUP ON LARGE MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
WORKING GROUP LEADER:
Ken Sherman, NOAA
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
WORKING GROUP ON SMALL ISLAND
Alex Lascaratos, GEF/PDF-B Project Manager
DEVELOPING STATES (SIDS) AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MAURITIUS
Andrew Cooke, UNEP-GEF Canary Current LME
STRATEGY
Anthony Ribbink, Sustainable Seas Trust
Antonio Diaz de Leon Corral, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
y Recursos Naturales
Carl Lundin, IUCN
Rolph Payet, Advisor to the President, Seychelles
Chidi Ibe, GCLME
Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Former Permanent
Dann Sklarew, GEF IW:LEARN
Representative of Samoa to the United Nations, former Chair
of AOSIS, and former Judge, International Criminal Court
David Vousden, Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine
Ecosystems Project
Hon. Ronny Jumeau, UN Ambassador for Seychelles
Gennady Matishov, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute
Cristelle Pratt, Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience
Commission (SOPAC)
Georgy Volovik, UNDP-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery
Project
Tim Adams, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)
Gotthilf Hempel, Independent Consultant
Ambassador Angus Friday, Chairman, Alliance of Small
Island States (AOSIS), Permanent Representative of Grenada
Hector Soldi, Instituto del Mar del Peru
to the United Nations
Hein Rune Skjoldal, Institute of Marine Research, Norway
LaVerne Walker, Coastal Zone Unit, Ministry of Physical
Hyung Tack Huh, Yellow Sea LME and KORDI
Development, Environment and Housing, St. Lucia
Igor Belkin, University of Rhode Island
Garfield Barnwell, Caribbean Community and Common
James Oliver, Marine Programme, IUCN
Market (CARICOM)
Jan Thulin, ICES and HELCOM
Dianne Quarless, UNDESA SIDS Unit
Janot Mendler de Suarez, GEF IW:LEARN
Vincent Sweeney, UNEP/Integrating Watershed and Coastal
Julian Barbiere, UNESCO
Areas Management Project, Caribbean
Khulood Tubaishat, Regional Organization for the
Ambassador Jagdish Koonjul, Mauritius, former Chair,
Conservation of the Environment of Red Sea and Gulf of
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)
Aden (PERSGA)
Marie-Christine Aquarone, NOAA
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Michael O'Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Alfred Duda, Global Environment Facility
Programme
Fazal Ibrahim Ali, University Consortium of
Ned Cyr, NOAA Fisheries
Small Island States
Qisheng Tang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute
34
The Global
Glob
Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Coast
and Islands
Islan
Christopher Corbin, UNEP Caribbean Environment
Programme, Regional Coordinating Unit
Laleta Davis-Mattis, Jamaica National Heritage Trust
Annick de Marffy, Independent Consultant, former Director,
UN-DOALOS
Arthur Webb, Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience
Commission (SOPAC)
WORKING GROUP ON FISHERIES AND
Rudolf Dorah, Constitutional Reform Congress of Solomon
AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY AND
Islands
GOVERNANCE
Arthur Gray, Representative of the Organisation of American
States (OAS) to Haiti
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
John Low, Adviser to the Minister of Marine Resources for
the Cook Islands
Rebecca Lent, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Franklin McDonald, UNEP Caribbean Environment
Chris Tompkins, Independent Consultant, formerly
Programme
DEFRA, UK
Marina N'Deye Pereira Silva, Independent Consultant,
Ali Mohamed, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State for
Portugal (Cape Verde)
Special Programmes, Kenya
Nguyen Hong Thao, FrontierCommittee, Ministry of Foreign
Le Thanh Luu, Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1,
Affairs, Vietnam
Vietnam
James Hardcastle, TNC Australia
David Balton, U.S. Department of State
Alf Simpson, Independent Consultant, Pacific Islands
Jean-Francois Pulvenis de Seligny, FAO
Asterio Takesy, Director, Secretariat for the Pacific Regional
Kieran Kelleher, World Bank
Environment Programme
Mick O'Toole, Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Cesar Toro, IOCARIBE
Programme
Dirk Troost, formerly Coasts and Small Islands, UNESCO
John Connelly and Stetson Tinkham, National Fisheries
Institute, International Coalition of Fishing Organizations
David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University, IUCN Specialist
Group on Ocean Law and Governance
Barbara Hanchard, GEF UNDP Oceanic Fisheries
Management Project
Jon Van Dyke, University of Hawaii Law School
Fathimath Ghina, Intergovernmental Oceanographic
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Commission, UNESCO
Arthur Bogason, World Forum of Fish Harvesters and Fish
Raj Mohabeer, Indian Ocean Commission
Workers, Iceland
Gerald Miles, The Nature Conservancy
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator, Vietnam
Nelson Andrade, Caribbean Environment Programme, UNEP
Administration for Seas and Islands, Vietnam
Dominique Benzaken, Pacific Regional Environment
Anthony Cox, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Programme (SPREP)
Development (OECD)
Mary Seet-Cheng, Ambassador of Singapore to the Republic
Simon Cripps, Chief Executive, Dorset Wildlife Trust, UK
of Panama
Anamarija Frankic, University of Massachusetts Boston
Edna Chia, Permanent Mission of Singapore to the United
Julius Francis, Western Indian Ocean Marine Science
Nations
Association (WIOMSA)
Natasha Turnquest, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bahamas
Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition,
The Netherlands
Stephen Hall, WorldFish Center (ICLARM)
Dawn Martin, SeaWeb
Rebecca Metzner, FAO
35
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Magnus Ngoile, Marine and Coastal Environment
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Management Project (MACEMP), Tanzania
Julian Barbiere, IOC, UNESCO
Pietro Parravano, Institute for Fisheries Resources, World
Stefano Belfiore, IOC, UNESCO
Fisheries Forum
Chu Tien Vinh, National Directorate of Aquatic Resource
Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British
Protection and Conservation, MARD, Vietnam
Columbia
Chris Tompkins, Independent Consultant
James R. McGoodwin, Professor of Anthropology, University
of Colorado
Russell Reichelt, CRC Reef Research Centre, Australia
Gorazd Ruseski, Kelly Moore, Steven Purvis and Anne
Nik Sekhran, United Nations Development Programme
Frenette, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
Nick Davidson, Ramsar Convention
Jorge Chocair Santibañez, Undersecretary of State for
Julius Francis, WIOMSA Secretariat
Fisheries, Chile
Gregor Hodgson, Reef Check
Kenneth Sherman, LME Program
Noah Idechong, Palau Conservation Society
Robin Mahon, University of West Indies
Carl Lundin, IUCN
Sebastian Matthews, International Collective in Support
Arthur Paterson, NOAA IPO
of Fishworkers
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, EPOMEX, Mexico
Rudolf Dorah, Constitutional Reform Congress,
Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles
Solomon Islands
Marjo Vierros, UNU-IAS
Joe Terry, NOAA
Renee Sauve/Jennifer Mooney, Department of Fisheries
Yihang Jiang, GEF Yellow Sea LME Project
and Oceans, Canada
Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero, Department of Human
Geography, University of Seville
Paul Holthus, Independent Consultant
Peter Redmond, Wal-Mart
WORKING GROUP ON LINKING THE
MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER, OCEANS,
AND COASTS
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
WORKING GROUP ON MARINE BIODIVERSITY
AND NETWORKS OF MARINE PROTECTED
Torkil Jønch-Clausen, DHI Water, Denmark, and Global
AREAS
Water Partnership
Clement Lewsey, NOAA/National Ocean
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Service/International Program Office
Jihyun Lee, Convention on Biological Diversity
Antonio Diaz de Leon/Porfirio Alvarez, Ministry of
Sue Wells, Independent Consultant
Environment and Natural Resources, SEMARNAT, Mexico
Dan Laffoley, World Commission on Protected Areas-Marine,
Alfred Duda, Global Environment Facility
IUCN
Andrew Hudson, United Nations Development Programme
Dan Basta, Marine Sanctuaries Program, NOAA
Felix Dodds, Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future
Do Van Khuong, Research Institute of Marine Fisheries
Tom Laughlin, Office of International Affairs, NOAA
James Hardcastle, The Nature Conservancy
Marea Hatziolos, World Bank
Nicole Glineur, Global Environment Facility
36
The Global
Glob
Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Coast
and Islands
Islan
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Margarita Astralaga, IUCN-Spain
Frida Armas-Pfirter, Austral University, Argentina
Isaac Azuz-Adeath, Cetys University, Mexico
Miriam Balgos, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Julian Barbiere, Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Awni Behnam, International Ocean Institute
Commission of UNESCO
Thia-Eng Chua, Partnerships in Environmental Management
Stefano Belfiore, Intergovernmental Oceanographic
in the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
Commission of UNESCO
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Richard Delaney, Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown,
Islands
Massachusetts, USA
Bruno Corréard, Independent Consultant and Responsible
Niels Ipsen, UNEP Collaborating Centre on Water and the
Fishing Alliance
Environment, Denmark
John Dolan, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan
Magnus Johannesson, Secretary-General, Ministry for the
David Freestone, World Bank
Environment, Iceland
Anne Frenette, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
Elizabeth McLanahan/Jennifer Winston, Office of
Serge Garcia, formerly with Food and Agriculture
International Affairs, NOAA
Organization (FAO)
Gonzalo Cid and Jonathan Justi, NOAA/National Ocean
Valentina Germani, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the
Service/International Program Office
Law of the Sea (UNDOALOS)
Vincent Sweeney, Caribbean Environmental Health Institute
Matthew Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition
Ivan Zavadsky, Global Environment Facility Danube-Black
Kristina Gjerde, The World Conservation Union (IUCN)
Sea Regional Programme
Lyle Glowka, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Kathryn Mengerink/Jessica Troell, Environmental Law
Vladimir Golitsyn, Professor of International Law Moscow
Institute
State University of International Relations (MGIMO-
Patricia Muñoz, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
University)
Nguyen Ngoc Huan, National Program on Comprehensive
Barbara Hanchard, Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency
Marine Environment and Resource Survey, Vietnam
Arlo Hemphill, Great Wilderness
Steven Olsen, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode
Paul Holthus, formerly with Marine Aquarium Council
Island
Elie Jarmache, Prime Minister's Office, France
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro Epomex- Universidad
Sam Johnston, Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations
Autónoma de Campeche, Mexico
University (UNU-IAS)
Ken Sherman, NOAA-NMFS
Kim Juniper, University of Victoria Lee Kimball, formerly
with The World Conservation Union (IUCN)
Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant, former
Executive Director, International Ocean Institute
Jihyun Lee, CBD Secretariat
Rebecca Lent, NOAA Fisheries International Office
WORKING GROUP ON GOVERNANCE OF
Eric Mathur, Synthetic Genomics, Inc.
MARINE AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL
Jennifer Mooney, Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
JURISDICTION
Canada
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Akari Nakajima, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan
Salvatore Arico, Programme Specialist for Biodiversity,
Daniel Owen, Fenners Chambers, United Kingdom
Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, UNESCO
Rosemary Rayfuse, University of New South Wales
Sivu Maqungo, Minister-Counsellor, Permanent Mission of
John Richardson, European Commission
South Africa to the United Nations
Lori Ridgeway, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
37
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Julien Rochette, High Seas Governance, IDDRI
Karen Sack, Greenpeace International
Charlotte Salpin, UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law
of the Sea (UNDOALOS)
Renée Sauvé, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
Tullio Scovazzi, University of Milano-Bicocca
Norma Taylor Roberts, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jamaica
Hiroshi Terashima, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan
WORKING GROUP ON CAPACITY
Chris Tompkins, Department for Environment, Food, and
DEVELOPMENT
Rural Affairs, UK
WORKING GROUP LEADER:
Philippe Vallette, NAUSICAA, France
Indumathie Hewawasam, Independent Consultant,
Monica Verbeek, Seas at Risk
formerly The World Bank
Marjo Vierros, United Nations University Institute for
Advanced Studies
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Fazal Ibrahim Ali, Universities Consortium Coordinator,
University of the West Indies
Margarita Astralaga, IUCN-Spain
Robert Bechtloff, UNEP/GPA
Awni Behnam, International Ocean Institute
WORKING GROUP ON COMPLIANCE AND
Charles A. Buchanan, Administrator Luso-American
ENFORCEMENT
Development Foundation, Portugal
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Chua Thia-Eng, PEMSEA
Carl Bruch, Environmental Law Institute (ELI)
Margaret Davidson, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Paul Nemitz, Maritime Policy Task Force, European
Administration Coastal Services Center
Commission
Ehrlich Desa, Capacity Building Section, UNESCO
Fuensanta Candela-Castillo, Maritime Policy Task Force,
Ambassador Luís Fonseca, Comunidade dos Países de Lingua
European Commission
Portuguesa (CPLP)
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Anamarija Frankic, University of Massachusetts Boston
Islands
Julius Francis, Western Indian Ocean Marine Science
Association, Tanzania
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
Guillermo Garcia Montero, Acuario Nacional, Comité
Daniela Chitu, Maritime Policy Task Force, European
Oceanografico Nacional, Cuba
Commission
Ampai Harakunarak, Thailand Environment Institute
Kathryn Mengerink, Environmental Law Institute (ELI)
Alice Hicuburundi, UN DOALOS
Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent Consultant and former
Director, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
(IOC)
Mai Trong Nhuan, Ha Noi National University, Vietnam
Robin Mahon, Caribbean LME Programme
Jan Mees, Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium
Ali Mohamed, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State for
Special Programmes, Kenya
Magnus Ngoile, Marine and Costal Environment
Management Project, Tanzania
38
The Global
Glob
Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
Coast
and Islands
Islan
Michael O'Toole, Benguela Current LME
WORKING GROUP MEMBERS:
Marina N'Deye, Portugal
John Nightingale, Vancouver Aquarium
Isabel Noronha, Portugal
Leonard Neyman, Sweden
Victoria Radchenko, International Ocean Institute, Ukraine
Sylvia Earle, D O E R Marine
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro de Ecologia, Pesquerias y
Matt Gianni, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition
Oceanographia del Golfo de Mexico, (EPOMEX), Mexico
Ernesto Julio Godelman, Center for Development and
Mario Ruivo, Portuguese Committee for Intergovernmental
Sustainable Fisheries, Argentina
Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
Vu Van Trieu and Bui Thi Thu Hien, IUCN Vietnam
Dann Sklarew, GEF IW:LEARN
Camille Mageau, Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
Cesar Toro, IOCARIBE
Canada
Grant Trebble, African Marine and Coastal Resource Over-
Franklin McDonald, UNEP Caribbean
exploitation Prevention Strategy (AMCROPS), South Africa
Magnus Ngoile, Marine and Costal Environment
LaVerne Walker, Coastal Zone Unit, St. Lucia
Management Project, Tanzania
Dixon Waruinge, UNEP Regional Seas
Pham Van Ninh, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Khulood Tubaishat, Regional Organization for the
Technology, Vietnam
Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of
Chris Tompkins, Independent Consultant, UK,
Aden (PERSGA)
formerly DEFRA
Nedal M. Al Ouran, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan, and
Katherine Warner, Country Group Head, Cambodia,
Advisor to PERSGA
Lao PDR, and Viet Nam, IUCN
Ademilson Zamboni, Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Sue Williams, UNESCO Public Affairs
Program, Brazil
Ignatius KV Kauvee, University of Namibia
WORKING GROUP ON PUBLIC
EDUCATION/OUTREACH/MEDIA
WORKING GROUP LEADERS:
Philippe Vallette and Manuel Cira, World Ocean Network,
NAUSICAA, France
Ram Boojh, UNESCO, India
Peter Neill, World Ocean Observatory
David Helvarg, President, Blue Frontier Campaign (author,
50 Ways to Save the Ocean)
Felix Dodds, Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future, UK
Janot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, Global Environment
Facility/IW-LEARN
Lauren Salm, PERSGA, and Working Group Youth
Representative
39
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
Ministerial, Donors, and Industry
integrated approach in addressing ocean and climate
Roundtables
change issues.
The engagement of high-level policy officials, industry,
Ocean Donors Roundtable
and donors will be essential in developing the planning
1) TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit
strategy to advance the global oceans agenda by 2016.
October 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal
To prepare for this process of engaging these important
2) Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
actors, the Global Forum has organized three Roundtables
and Islands
to encourage the engagement of high-level officials, fund-
ing agencies, and the private sector in addressing global
January 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, France
oceans, coastal, and SIDS issues.
The Global Forum organized the Ocean Donors
Ministerial Roundtables
Roundtable to bring together public and private donors on
oceans to: 1) share information on existing funding pro-
3rd Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
grams on oceans, 2) consider global needs for funding for
January 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, France
ocean conservation and management efforts, 3) discuss
Two High-Level Informal Ministerial Roundtable sessions
alternatives for filling gaps in global oceans funding, 4)
at the Global Conference brought together 19 high-level
possibly devise approaches for public-private funding for
government representatives to share their perspectives on
global ocean priorities.
the global oceans agenda in separate informal sessions.
The first meeting of the Ocean Donors Roundtable was
The Informal Roundtables aimed to foster the develop-
held on October 10, 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal, as a parallel
ment, in the long-run, of a High-Level Government
event of TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit. The meet-
Leaders Oceans Roundtable, that could meet periodically
ing involved a dialogue between 17 public and private
to further the development of strategic and cross-cutting
donors. The group highlighted that country requirements
approaches to enhancing oceans governance at global,
have to be articulated through specific requests to donors
regional, and national levels. Participating ministers and
and that resources need to be available for implementation.
high-level government officials agreed that there is gener-
The group also identified some emerging conclusions on
al consensus on the global agenda for the sustainable
this issue, including that oceans are a priority and that this
development of ocean and coastal areas and small island
message needs to be communicated to policy makers and
developing States. They underlined the importance and
funding agencies. Roundtable participants noted that a
need for a strong global leadership to ensure the coordina-
strategy is needed to engage the media, public, and think
tion and successful implementation of the agenda's pro-
tanks, and underscored the need to link funding with other
grams and actions.
initiatives addressing poverty, economic growth, and busi-
The ministers strongly supported the informal scope of the
ness promotion. In the ensuing discussion, participants
Ministerial Roundtables as a rare and exceptional opportu-
discussed the need for: developing countries to seek donors'
nity for ministers and high-level government officials from
assistance and place oceans on their development agenda;
developed as well as developing states to actually discuss
private partnerships to become the foundation for funding
and interact with each other on major oceans issues without
large-scale projects; project proposals that meet local and
the pressure of making official declarations or statements.
government priorities; clarity on how to prioritize oceans-
related funding; and an examination of the criteria applied
4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
in helping protect marine resources, especially in SIDS.
and Islands
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam
The Oceans Donors Roundtable held a meeting on January
23, 2006, UNESCO, Paris. Among a number of topics dis-
The Informal Roundtable Discussion at the 4th Global
cussed to address the scaling up of funding for ocean
Conference provided an opportunity for high-level repre-
issues, the Group discussed a possible on-going role for
sentatives to discuss oceans, climate, and biodiversity
such a group and its possible comparative advantage as the
issues, including a Post-Bali update. Twenty-nine partici-
only meeting of donors, from both the public and private
pants attended the discussion and emphasized the impor-
sector, directed at oceans, coasts and SIDS. It was recog-
tance of bringing climate change into the oceans agenda,
nized that although donor agencies may have innovative
and vice versa, as well as discussed funding opportunities
approaches to financing, they are not agenda setters, but
for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The discus-
responsive to the global agenda which has been set and to
sion highlighted the importance of developing a more
which governments are committed (e.g., Millennium
40
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Development Goals, WSSD Plan of Implementation), and
a useful means for bringing together the private sector and
that donors should bear this agenda in mind.
global
ocean
stakeholders
to
build
relationships
and understanding. Through the Roundtable, participants
At the 2008 4th Global Oceans Conference in Hanoi, a
hoped to generate dialogue on issues such as globalization
review of the results of the Working Groups showed that
and technology changes, science and best practices, and
many emphasized the need for long-term capacity develop-
linking policy and practice.
ment as the basis for forward movement in the topic area.
The Capacity Development Policy Brief recommended the
In addition to building relationships among sectors
holding of a Donors Conference on Capacity Development
and between the private sector and oceans stakeholders,
to develop a public/private strategy on long-term capacity
participants suggested a potential framework for moving
development in ocean and coastal management.
forward. Participants thought it might be helpful to focus
on a particular theme in each future meeting (e.g. certifi-
In the next phase, the Global Forum will work to organize
cation, NGO partnerships) so as to direct the dialogue and
the Donors Conference on Capacity Development to
outcomes to targeted areas identified by participants.
develop future joint strategies, especially around the issue
Participants felt the Roundtable would be a useful means
of ocean leadership awareness and vision among high-
for documenting and sharing best practices in sustainable
level decision-makers.
development of the oceans. The Roundtable could also be
Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable
a vehicle for engaging business and industry on ocean
issues by going to business and industry meetings to `mar-
1) TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit
ket' the issues identified by the group.
October 10-14, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal
2) Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
The Roundtable organized a panel on Ocean Industries
and Islands
during the 2006 Global Conference, which focused on the
importance of industry responsibility of sustainable prac-
January 23-28, 2006, UNESCO, Paris, France
tices. In addition, the necessity of building cross-sectoral
The Global Forum organized the Business and Industry
partnerships among business and ocean leaders is of
Leaders Roundtable to bring together key leaders from
utmost importance. The panel highlighted several indus-
ocean industries around the world. The Roundtable is
tries which have implemented sustainable practices and
expected to address: 1) the contribution of each major
which focus on the protection of biodiversity in the
ocean industry to the global economy, 2) the trends and
oceans. Industries are working on protecting the oceans
challenges each major ocean industry will be facing in the
from pollution and improving industry standards as well
next decade, 3) in particular, the environmental and social
as working with environmental organizations to achieve
challenges each ocean industry will be facing, 4) approach-
sustainability goals. Higher quality standards for a variety
es to addressing the emerging environmental and social
of products and environmental standards among corpora-
challenges ocean industries will be facing, and 5) the pos-
tions is a consensus of many industries. The panel called
sible involvement of industry interests in the implementa-
for multiple stakeholder interaction where protection of
tion of the global oceans agenda and in the work of the
the oceans is concerned including further industry educa-
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.
tion. The value of ocean industries is high and further
sustainability measures are recommended.
At the first meeting of the Business and Industry Leaders
Roundtable held at TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit
The Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable held a
on October 12, 2005 in Lisbon, Portugal, representatives
meeting on January 24, 2006 at UNESCO in Paris in con-
from the range of ocean and coastal business and indus-
junction with the 2006 Global Conference.
tries present shared their perspectives on the existing
The Roundtable Meeting, following the panel session
and potential contribution of the private sector to the sus-
highlighted sustainable development practices of various
tainable development of oceans and coasts. The primary
industries, and emphasized the value of ocean industries
purpose of the Roundtable is to support the sustainable
globally, regionally, nationally, and discussed the desirabil-
development of the oceans through the role of the private
ity of producing a report on the contribution of ocean
sector. Business and industry representatives at the
industries to the global economy.
Roundtable were clear that they were concerned about
their responsibility to shareholders, to customers, to stake-
In 2007, the Global Forum focused on encouraging the
holders, and their responsibility as employers and and
participation of industry leaders in various sectors in spe-
resources. The participants agreed that the Roundtable was
cific Working Groups charged with examining particular
41
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Report of Activities 2005-2008
WSSD goals or emerging issues, as part of the process of
the issues raised by the strategic planning efforts and to
developing a strategic plan for advancing the global oceans
reflect the opportunities and constraints that the industries
agenda to 2016.
will be facing in the next decade. This will involve a
The next step, once the strategic oceans planning effort has
systematic effort to canvass and assess the perspectives of
been further elaborated and refined, will be to consult with
business and industry leaders and to involve them in the
business and industry stakeholders on their perspectives on
dialogue on advancing the global oceans agenda.
42
3. Steering Committee, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP LIST
Rolph Payet,** Special Advisor to the
Magnus Ngoile,** Policy and
Gunnar Kullenberg, Independent
President, Seychelles
Governance Coordinator, UNDP/GEF,
Consultant and former Executive
CO-CHAIRS
Lori Ridgeway, Director-General,
Agulhas and Somali Current LME Project,
Secretary, Intergovernmental
Biliana Cicin-Sain,** Director, Gerard J.
International Coordination and Policy
Tanzania and South Africa
Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
Mangone Center for Marine Policy,
Analysis, Department of Fisheries and
Tiago Pitta e Cunha, Member, Cabinet of
Gerhard Kuska, Principal, Good Harbor
University of Delaware (also Head of
Oceans, Canada and Camille Mageau,
Fisheries and Maritime Commissioner,
Consulting and Senior Adviser to the
Secretariat, Global Forum)
Director, Marine Ecosystems
European Commission
Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi for Maritime
Patricio A. Bernal,** Executive-
Conservation Branch, Department of
Jean-Francois Pulvenis de Seligny,
Security
Secretary, Intergovernmental
Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
Director, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Dan Laffoley, Vice Chair, World
Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO,
Mario Ruivo, Intersectoral
Economics and Policy Division (FIE),
Commission on Protected Areas-Marine,
Paris, France
Oceanographic Commission, Ministry of
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department,
IUCN
Veerle Vandeweerd,** Director,
Science, Technology, and Higher
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
Thomas Laughlin, Deputy Head, Global
Environment and Energy Group, United
Education, Portugal
United Nations (FAO)
Marine Programme, IUCN
Nations Development Programme
Indroyono Soesilo, Gellwynn Jusuf, and
Cristelle Pratt, Director, South Pacific
Dawn Martin, President, Sea Web, USA
(UNDP)
Gabriel Wagey, Agency for Marine and
Applied Geoscience Commission
Gerald Miles, Senior Advisor, The Nature
Fisheries Research, Department of Marine
(SOPAC), Fiji
Conservancy, Pacific Region, Brisbane,
GOVERNMENTAL
Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
Diane Quarless, Chief, Small Island
Australia
Ambassador Enele S. Sopoaga, Tuvalu,
Developing States Unit, UNDESA
Thabit Zahran Al Abdessalaam, Director
Iouri Oliounine, formerly Executive
Former Vice-Chair, Alliance of Small
Marine Biodiversity Management Sector,
John Richardson, former Head, Maritime
Director, International Ocean Institute,
Island States (AOSIS)
Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, United
Policy Task Force, European Commission
Malta, and Coordinator for the 50th
Arab Emirates
Asterio Takesy, Director, Secretariat for
Anniversary of the Intergovernmental
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND
David Balton, Deputy Assistant Secretary
the Pacific Regional Environment
Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO,
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
for Oceans and Fisheries, Bureau of
Programme
Paris
Oceans, U.S. Department of State
Salvatore Arico, Programme Specialist,
Marjo Vierros, Visiting Professor,
Pietro Parravano, President, Institute for
Phil Burgess, Director, Cetacean Policy
Ecological Sciences, UNESCO
Institute of Advanced Studies, United
Fisheries Resources, World Fisheries
and Recovery, Department of the
Julian Barbiere, Programme Specialist,
Nations University, Vancouver
Forum
Environment and Water Resources,
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Sian Pullen Prior, Independent
Australia
Commission, France
NONGOVERNMENTAL (INCLUDING
Consultant, New Zealand, and former
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Administrator,
Chua Thia-Eng,** Partnership in
INDUSTRY, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,
Head of European and Middle East
Vietnam Administration for Seas and
Environmental Management for the Seas
AND FOUNDATIONS)
Marine Program, WWF International, UK
Islands, Vietnam
of East Asia (PEMSEA), IMO/UNDP/GEF,
Dann Sklarew, Associate Professor and
Jens Ambsdorf, Chief Executive Officer,
Torkil J. Clausen, Managing Director,
Philippines
Associate Director, Potomac
Lighthouse Foundation
DHI Water Policy, Denmark and Senior
Jacqueline Alder, Director of the Marine
Environmental Research and Education
Milton Asmus, International
Adviser, Global Water Partnership
and Coastal Branch, David Osborn,
Center, Department of Environmental
Representative, Brazilian Agency for
Science and Policy, George Mason
Aldo Cosentino, Director-General,
Coordinator, GPA Coordination Unit, and
Coastal Management
University, USA
Directorate for Nature Protection,
Anjan Datta, Programme Officer, GPA
Awni Behnam, President, International
Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea
Coordination Unit, Division of
Victoria Radchenko, Director,
Ocean Institute, Malta and UN
Protection, Italy
Environmental Policy Implementation,
International Ocean Institute, Ukraine
Commissioner General for the Shanghai
Margaret Davidson, Director, Coastal
UNEP, Nairobi
Tony Ribbink, Director, Sustainable Seas
World Expo 2010
Services Center, National Oceanic and
Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary,
Trust, South Africa
Charles A. Buchanan, Administrator,
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Convention on Biological Diversity
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, Centro de
Luso-American Development Foundation,
USA
Secretariat
Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanographia del
Portugal
Antonio Diaz de Leon, Director- General,
Al Duda, Senior Advisor, International
Golfo de Mexico (EPOMEX), Mexico
Simon Cripps, Chief Executive, Dorset
Environmental, Regional Integration and
Waters, Global Environment Facility
Alan Simcock, former Executive Director,
Wildlife Trust, UK
Sectoral Policy, Environment and Natural
(GEF)
OSPAR, and former Co-Chair, UN Open-
Resources Ministry (SEMARNAT),
Richard Delaney,** Executive
Angus Friday, former Chair, Alliance of
Ended Informal Consultative Process on
Mexico
Director,Center for Coastal Studies,
Small Island States (AOSIS), former
Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Provincetown, Massachusetts, USA
Gi-Jun Han, Ministry of Land, Transport,
Permanent Representative of Grenada to
Nancy Targett, Dean, University of
and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea
the United Nations
Annick de Marffy, former Director of
Delaware College of Marine and Earth
Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of
Elie Jarmache, Chargé de Mission,
Vladimir Golitsyn, Judge, International
Studies
the Sea (UNDOALOS), United Nations
Secrétariat Général de la Mer, France
Tribunal on Law of the Sea, and Professor
Kristian Teleki, International Coral Reef
International Consultant
Magnus Johannesson, Secretary-General,
of International Law, Moscow State
Action Network, Switzerland
Sylvia Earle, Chair, Deep Ocean
Ministry for the Environment, Iceland
University of International Relations
Hiroshi Terashima, Executive Director,
Exploration and Research (DOER), and
Ambassador Jagdish Koonjul, Ministry
Marea E. Hatziolos, Senior Coastal and
Institute for Ocean Policy, Ocean Policy
Explorer-in-Residence, National
of Foreign Affairs, Mauritius, and former
Marine Specialist, Environment
Research Foundation, Japan
Geographic Society
Chair, Alliance of Small Island States
Department, The World Bank
Chris Tompkins, Independent
Charles Ehler, Consultant to UNESCO
(AOSIS)
Andrew Hudson, Principal Technical
Consultant and formerly DEFRA, UK
Julius Francis, Executive Secretary,
Christophe Lefebvre, Affaires
Advisor, International Waters,
Philippe Vallette** and Manuel Cira,
Western Indian Ocean Marine Science
Europeennes et Internationales, Agence
UNDP/GEF
NAUSICAA, France, and the World
Association, Tanzania
des Aires Marines Protegees, France
David Johnson, Executive Secretary,
Ocean Network
David Freestone,** Senior Adviser, IUCN
Haiqing Li, Deputy Director-General,
OSPAR Commission, London
David VanderZwaag, IUCN Specialist
and Visiting Professor, George
State Oceanic Administration (SOA),
Vladimir Mamaev, GEF Regional
Group on Ocean Law and Governance
Washington University Law School
China
Technical Advisor, UNDP, Europe and the
Trust, and Dalhousie University, Nova
Serge Garcia, Independent Consultant,
Rejoice Mabudafhasi, Deputy Minister of
CIS, Slovak Republic
Scotia, Canada
and Former Director, Marine Fisheries
Environmental Affairs and Tourism,
Janot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, former
A.H. Zakri, Professor, University of
Resources Division, Food and Agriculture
South Africa
Deputy Director, GEF IW:LEARN
Malaysia
Organization (FAO)
Jan Mees, Director, Flanders Marine
Vaclav Mikulka, Director, UN Division
Matthew Gianni, Political Advisor, Deep
* Please note: Members of the Steering
Institute, Belgium
for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Committee participate in their individual
Sea Conservation Coalition, Netherlands
capacities.
Ali Mohamed, Permanent Secretary,
Paul Nemitz, Head of Unit, Maritime
Lynne Hale, Director, Global Marine
** International Coastal and Ocean
Ministry of State for Special Programmes,
Policy Development and Coordination,
Organization Board Member
Strategy, The Nature Conservancy
Kenya
DG Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and
Indumathie Hewawasam,**The Nature
Guillermo Garcia Montero, President,
Constantin Alexandrou, Head of Unit for
Conservancy and Senior Policy Advisor
National Aquarium, Havana, Cuba
International Affairs, Law of the Sea and
Regional Fisheries Organizations,
for Public Funding, Coral Triangle
Rudolph Noronha, Director, Ministry of
European Commission
Initiative
Environment, Brazil
43
Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands
c/o Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
301 Robinson Hall, University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware 19716 USA
Telephone: +1-302-831-8086
Fax: +1-302-831-3668
www.globaloceans.org