Global Forum on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
GEF/MSP on Fostering a Global Dialogue
on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on
Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages
Steering Committee Meeting
Saturday, June 21, 2008, 1:00-6:00 PM
UNESCO Conference Room
9th Floor, UNESCO Office
2 United Nations Plaza
New York

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GEF/MSP on Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS,
and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages

GEF/MSP Steering Committee Meeting
Saturday, June 21, 2008, 1:00-6:00 PM
UNESCO Conference Room, 9th Floor
UNESCO Office, 2 United Nations Plaza, New York


Table of Contents


1. Draft Meeting Agenda

2. GEF proposal "Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and
on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages," (October 1, 2005 to July 30, 2008)

3. Terms of Reference: Project Terminal Evaluation

4. Global Forum Report of Activities 2005-2008 (updated) (to be distributed on
June 21)

5. Draft Internal Appraisal by the Global Forum Secretariat (to be distributed on
June 21)

6. Comments on the Global Forum by various stakeholders

7. Report of 1st Steering Committee Meeting, January 22, 2006, UNESCO, Paris

8. Half-yearly Progress Reports prepared by IOC/UNESCO:

· September-December 2005
· January-June 2006
· July 2006-June 2007

9. List of materials associated with the 4th Global Oceans Conference, April 7-11,
2008, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Follow-Up

10. PowerPoint presentation on Results of the 4th Global Oceans Conference, April
7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam

11. Draft Chart of Recommendations for Action emanating from the 4th Global
Oceans Conference, April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam

12. Invitation to participate in the Global Forum's Program of Work, 2008-2012

13. List of GEF/MSP Steering Committee Members

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GEF Medium Size Project: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and
SIDS and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages
Steering Committee Meeting
21 June 2008, 1:00-6:00 PM, UNESCO, New York


PROVISIONAL AGENDA






1. Opening

2. Adoption of the Agenda

3. Overview of Project implementation, outcomes and achievements.

4. Update on external evaluation of the Project

5. Discussion on the sustainability of project outcomes and potential for follow-up in
support of the Global Forum and elsewhere

6. Closure

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TERMS OF REFERENCE

Terminal Evaluation of the UNEP GEF project
"Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-
Marine Interlinkages"

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW

The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002 catalyzed the international community around
the challenge of protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development through
the endorsement of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI) detailing goals, activities, targets and
timetables up to 2015, including for oceans, coastal areas, fisheries, small island developing States (SIDS), and
freshwater. The global process to promote and sustain the achievement of these objectives, targets and timetables
will require significant and continuing efforts on the part of the international community: the exploitation and
degradation of coastal, marine, and island resources is serious and not coming to a halt, to the point that it may
become irreversible in places. Yet, while the WSSD provided a key occasion to create a momentum around these
issues, an overall assessment of the global progress will only be carried out by the UN Commission on
Sustainable Development (CSD) in 2014-2015. Moreover, interlinkages between freshwater management and
coastal and marine management are not sufficiently addressed by existing fora and mechanisms. Efforts were
required both to strengthen existing mechanisms (such as the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of
the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA)) and to launch new processes to foster a
multistakeholder dialogue at the highest political levels on these issues.

The goal of the project was to foster a global South-to-South and South-to-North dialogue, through the Global
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, on the implementation of the activities aimed towards the achievement of
JPOI targets and timetables related to oceans, coastal areas and islands, with a special focus on SIDS and the
interlinkages between freshwater and the coastal and marine environment.

This GEF Project aimed to assist the developing countries and countries with economies in transition to put the
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands issues on the high political agenda of their governmental policies and strategies. By
involving developing country and countries with economies in transition officials and GEF Large Marine
Ecosystems (LME) projects in this global dialogue, the project helped build their capacity in addressing those
issues. The project aimed to foster learning of experiences and lessons drawn from the GEF projects on LMEs,
and integrated coastal management conducted in the past 12 years in 118 developing countries and countries
with economies in transition. The project attempted to assist the countries in the development of policy analyses
on critical issues, especially cross-sectoral issues not typically addressed by other entities. The project assisted
the developing countries and countries with economies in transition achieve the JPOI targets for oceans, coasts,
and islands as well as promote the adoption of ecosystem-based approaches including large marine ecosystems.

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, organized informally in 2001 and formalized at the WSSD,
serves as a multi-stakeholder stock-taking forum for cross-sectoral discussion, policy analyses, and mobilization
of knowledge and other resources to promote the implementation of international agreements related to oceans,
coasts, and SIDS. The Global Forum brings together leading ocean experts from governments,
intergovernmental and international organizations (including all the relevant UN agencies), nongovernmental
organizations, private sector, academic and scientific institutions. The original focus of the Global Forum was
multifold and included the following components:

· assessment of progress achieved (or lack thereof) of the protection and management of oceans, coasts,
and SIDS since the 1992 Earth Summit;
· participation and influence of the oceans agenda at the WSSD;
· mobilization of resources to implement the oceans, coasts, and SIDS targets agreed to at the WSSD;
· preparations for the 10 year review of progress achieved in SIDS since the 1994 Barbados Programme
of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States organized at the
International Meeting in Mauritius in January 2005.

Since 2003, there was a growing necessity to address the gaps and needs identified by the Global Forum. This
was made even more urgent in January 2005 with the outcomes of the Mauritius SIDS review meeting. The
project had the intention to address the following needs:
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· The need for cross-sectoral dialogue on freshwater-coastal-marine interlinkages: There is a need for
addressing oceans, coasts, and islands issues in a cross-sectoral and comprehensive manner, as emphasized
in the 1992 Earth Summit which underscored that given the interrelationship among uses and processes in
the coast and ocean, ocean and coastal governance must be "integrated in content and precautionary and
anticipatory in ambit."

Existing fora related to oceans, however, are largely sectoral--that is, they tend to treat different aspects of
sustainable development of the oceans separately. For example, there are different fora on fisheries issues,
marine science issues, marine navigation and safety issues, and marine pollution control issues, among others.
This sectoral approach is mirrored in the United Nations agencies which address ocean issues, whereby there is
no United Nations agency which is tasked with addressing oceans, coasts, and islands issues (including
connections to freshwater) in a comprehensive way. Among the nongovernmental organizations, too, there is no
global organization devoted to the sustainable development of oceans, coasts, and islands (while there are many
large environmental groups with substantial ocean programs, they tend to emphasize mainly the environmental
aspects of the sustainable development equation).

There was also a need to apply the experiences learned through GEF projects to the global dialogue on
freshwater-coastal-marine interlinkages. The GEF has typically used ecosystem-based approaches to improve
management of Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) and these experiences should be shared with the global water
community.

· The need for dialogue among governments, NGOs, international organizations, and the private sector:
There was also a need for a forum where participants from nongovernmental organizations, governments,
especially from developing countries, intergovernmental and international organizations, and the private
sector can interact together, share information, draw lessons from existing practice, consider emerging
issues, and engage in a fruitful dialogue.

The project aimed to bring the GEF LME experience in these dialogues, particularly the lessons learned in the
application of the GEF processes known as the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and Strategic Action
Programme.

The need for oceans awareness at the highest political levels, especially in developing countries and countries
with economies in transition: Notwithstanding the economic, social, and environmental importance of oceans,
coasts, and islands, because of their complexity and diversity, sometimes these issues are not adequately
addressed in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition, and there are gaps in addressing
these issues in international fora. A case in point is the World Summit on Sustainable Development which
initially, during the Summit preparatory process, did not address oceans, coasts, and SIDS issues. Enhanced
awareness of ocean issues is needed to help insure the appropriate inclusion of oceans, coasts, and islands
concerns in the policies and strategies of developing countries and in countries with economies in transition, as
well as in important global and regional discussions on sustainable development.

The need for linking oceans and coasts to freshwater basins: Because of interrelated natural processes, what
happens upstream affects the downstream environment and viceversa. In order to preserve overall system
integrity, it is imperative to link management measures regarding oceans and coasts to the improved
management of river basins and watersheds. And yet, discussions of freshwater management and oceans
management typically take place separately in different fora. The GEF, through the GPA, has provided
assistance to countries in improving management of river basins draining to coasts in order to improve water
flow regimes and reduce pollution loads. There is a need to replicate the models initiated by GEF- assisted
projects such as the Danube/Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership with the World Bank and the Mekong River
Basin Water Utilization Project, which have started to produce results from on-the-ground pollution reduction
mechanisms and adoption of policies and national and regional institutional reforms.


Project Objectives:
In response to these needs, the project aimed to assist the developing countries, SIDS, and countries with
economies in transition to:

1. Foster cross-sectoral, multi-stakeholder dialogues, policy analyses, and public outreach on oceans, coasts
and SIDS issues;
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2. Promote the attainment of intergovernmental commitments and agreements, including the JPOI and the
Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities
(GPA);
3. Establish multi-sectoral dialogues, involving experts from developing countries, countries with economies
in transition, and GEF LME projects in the policy analyses, public outreach and cross-learning between
LME experiences and coastal and ocean management experiences;
4. Raise the awareness of and promote national ocean policies and ecosystem-based approaches to large
marine ecosystems as a vehicle for achieving sustainable development of SIDS;
5. Improve interlinkages between freshwater, coastal and oceans issues by developing a relationship between
the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands and the World Water Forum and associated institutions.

The project aimed to promote cross-learning among existing national and regional activities related to ocean and
coastal management and share significant experience in ecosystem-based management of large marine
ecosystems gained through the GEF LME projects to achieve maximum synergy among related efforts.

Relevance to GEF Programmes
As stated above, the goal of the project is to foster a global South-South and South-to-North dialogue, through
the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, on the implementation of the activities aimed towards the
achievement of JPOI targets and timetables related to oceans, coastal areas and islands, with a special focus on
SIDS and the interlinkages between freshwater and the coastal and marine environment. This GEF Project will
assist the developing countries and countries with economies in transition to put the Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
issues on the high political agenda of their governmental policies and strategies. The project proposal is
consistent with the Operational Program #10: Global Technical Support component, "Targeted technical
demonstration and capacity building projects can help build awareness in countries that are participating in
International Waters projects and serve as a means to encourage best practices, develop tools for finding
solutions, and formulate policies for innovative institutional approaches." The project proposal is also consistent
with new GEF IW Strategic Priority 2: Expand global coverage of foundational capacity building addressing the
two key program gaps with a focus on cross-cutting aspects of African transboundary waters and support for
targeted learning. South-to-South "structured learning" contributes significantly to the success of GEF's
foundational/capacity building work in IW."

Executing Arrangements

UNEP will act as the implementing agency for this project. The executing agency will be the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO (IOC), which will receive the total GEF financing and will contract the
International Coast and Ocean Organization (ICO), the Secretariat of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands, for the implementation of specific activities under all four project components (ICO is an international
NGO accredited to UN ECOSOC).

Other collaborating executing agencies which will carry out specific project activities include:
NEPAD/COSMAR (New Partnership for Africa's Development, Coastal and Marine Coordination Unit);
IOCARIBE (IOC Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions); PEMSEA (Partnerships for
Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia); SOPAC (South Pacific Applied Geoscience
Commission); EPOMEX (Centro de Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanografia del Golfo de Mexico); SEMARNAT
(Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y de Recursos Naturales); CCA (Consejo Consultivo del Agua); and the World
Ocean Network.

The project will be guided by a Steering Committee (SC) that will comprise members from the GEF
implementing agencies, project executing agencies, and donor representatives. The SC will provide policy
guidance; approve work plans, budget, and audit reports; and provide general oversight of implementation. The
Steering Committee will also review and approve project monitoring and evaluation reports.

Project Activities anticipated at the time of the project inception
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Component 1 ­ Foster cross-sectoral, multi-stakeholder dialogues and raise awareness of oceans,
coasts and SIDS to promote the attainment of the commitments agreed upon at the WSSD and in
other relevant fora.
Activity 1a--Convening the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands,
including a Ministerial segment, in January 2006:
Activity 1b-- Assessing capacity building needs at the regional level for the
development and implementation of ecosystem-based national ocean policies among
developing countries and countries with economies in transition.
Activity 1c--Increasing public awareness of the global agenda on oceans, coasts, and
island.
Activity 1d--Organizational enhancement and strategic planning for the Global Forum
on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:
Component 2 ­ Increase awareness within SIDS nations in the development and implementation of
national and regional oceans policies and the implementation of the ecosystem approach through
LME projects and SIDS projects, and carry out associated capacity building efforts.


Activities in Component 2
Involve SIDS experts and policy makers in the further development of ecosystem-
based national and regional ocean policies through participation in policy analyses,
workshop/conferences, and capacity building efforts.
Build the capacity of SIDS experts and policy makers through participation in
scientific meetings and in analytical activities on ocean policies, ecosystem-based
management, and large marine ecosystems as a means to advance the Barbados
Programme of Action and the outcomes of the Mauritius International Meeting.

Component 3 ­ Foster improved understanding of the interlinkages between freshwater and
coastal and oceans issues, support the 2006 Intergovernmental Review of the GPA, and
develop formal collaboration between the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands and
the World Water Forum.

Contributing to preparations for the GPA IGR-2, particularly in relation to fostering
freshwater-coastal/marine interlinkages through integrated coastal area and river basin
management. Preparation of a policy analysis on freshwater/coastal/marine
interlinkages, including GPA implementation, and holding of an associated workshop
in Mexico.
Organizing oceans panels at the 4th World Water Forum in Mexico in 2006 for the
formulation of a cooperation agenda, and concluding a Memorandum of
Understanding between the Global Forum and the World Water Forum.


Budget

Component 1
GEF
Co-finance
Project total
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Global Forum Conference and Related Activities
(US$)
(US$)
(US$)
(Total GEF and co-financing) $945,000)
1a--Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and $180,000
$385,000
$565,000
Islands, including a ministerial segment in January


2006, and related meetings:







(i) Conference: Travel expenses for about 40 (i) 140,000
(i) 380,000
participants (mostly from SIDS, developing countries, (IOC)

and countries with economies in transition). GEF

financing includes airfare, subsistence and


accommodation for such participants. Co-finance

covers conference planning, travel of participants,

facilities, secretariat, side events.



(ii) 30,000

(ii) Conference report preparation and printing. GEF (International

financing includes report preparation and printing 2000 Coast and

copies of the report.
Ocean


Organization

(iii) Global Forum side events during major (ICO))

international deliberations related to oceans and

freshwater in preparation for the Global Conference,

e.g., CSD and ICP. GEF financing covers preparation (iii) 10,000
(iii) 5,000
and printing of materials, and travel. Co-financing (ICO)
covers secretariat staff support.
Year 1
15,000
65,000
80,000
Year 2
165,000 320,000 485,000

1b--Assessing capacity building needs for the $45,000
$45,000
$90,000
development and implementation of national ocean


policies among developing countries in three regions:







(i) Three regional assessments conducted to identify (i) 45,000
(i) 45,000

and address capacity building needs on ocean (IOC WITH
governance in Africa, Latin America and the NEPAD,
Caribbean, and East Asia. GEF financing covers the IOCARIBE,
assessment work and related travel. Co-financing PEMSEA)
covers travel, secretariat staff support and facilities.

Year 1
45,000
30,000
75,000
Year 2
0 15,000
15,000


1c--Increasing public awareness on oceans, coasts, $105,000
$75,000
$180,000
and islands through the development and

dissemination of: (a) a package of public information

materials; (b) a global directory of nongovernmental

organizations related to oceans, coasts, and SIDS; c)

Global Forum Newsletter; and (c) web-based

information on advancements on oceans, coasts, and

islands targets:



(i) 35,000
(i) 50,000
(i) 3,000 copies of a package of public information (ICO WITH

materials printed and disseminated through WORLD

networks of educational and public awareness OCEAN

organizations (e.g., museums and aquaria). GEF NETWORK)

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financing covers preparation and printing costs,

including media specialist fee and other costs. Co-

finance includes staff support and facilities.


(ii) 15,000

(ii) Global directory of ocean NGOs completed and (ICO)

made available both in electronic and hardcopy form.

GEF financing includes preparation and printing costs

for 2,000 copies.


(iii) 25,000
(iii) 10,000
(iii) Global Forum Newsletter produced and (ICO)

disseminated electronically every three months (8

issues). GEF financing covers preparation and

electronic publishing, including IT support. Co-finance

includes cost of facilities and administrative and

communication costs.


(iv) 30,000
(iv) 15,000
(iv) Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands (ICO)
website updated quarterly, enhanced, and maintained.
GEF financing covers IT support, computer hardware
and software. Co-finance covers cost of facilities and
additional secretariat costs.
Year 1
65,000
50,000
115,000
Year 2
40,000 25,000 65,000

1d--Organizational enhancement and strategic $70,000
$40,000
$110,000
planning for the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,

and Islands:




(i) Organizational structure of the Global Forum on (i) 20,000
(i) 30,000
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands redesigned, including (IOC)

through the participation of additional participants from

developing countries, SIDS, and countries with

economies in transition, private sector and business

representatives, and freshwater representatives; the

appointment of regional leaders; and the creation of

thematic roundtables. GEF financing includes travel

and communications costs. Co-finance covers cost of

facilities and administrative costs.




(ii) Global Forum Steering Committee strategic (ii) 30,000
(ii) 10,000
planning meetings (one per year). GEF financing (ICO)

includes travel costs of participants from developing

countries, SIDS, and countries with economies in

transition, and meeting preparation. Co-finance covers

cost of facilities and administrative costs.




(iii) A ten-year strategic plan for the Global Forum on

Oceans, Coasts, and Islands completed. GEF financing (iii) 20,000
includes compensation for a strategic planner and other (ICO)
costs (e.g., communication).

Year 1
50,000
35,000
85,000
Year 2
20,000 5,000 25,000

Component 2
GEF
Co-finance
Project total
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SIDS
(US$)
(US$)
(US$)
(GEF and co-financing $726,125)
Preparatory activity by Global Forum, with co- 0
$90,000
$90,000
financing from partners. Together with SIDS leaders,

agencies, donors, and NGOs to plan for follow-up for

implementation of Mauritius commitments.







Year 1
0 90,000
90,000
Year 2
0 0 0

2a--Preparing and disseminating a policy analysis $115,000
$66,125
$181,125
paper on the implementation of ocean policies and

ecosystem-based approaches in SIDS and the

implementation of the coastal and marine resources

section of the Barbados Programme of Action, of the

SIDS section of the Johannesburg Plan of
Implementation, and of the outcomes of the Mauritius

International Meeting





(i) 85,000
(i) 61,125
(i) A multidisciplinary task force established, including (IOC WITH

experts from developing countries for the development SIDS

of implementation strategies of the outcomes of the PARTNERS)

Mauritius SIDS International Meeting in the three main

SIDS regions (Pacific, Caribbean, and AIMS),

including assessment of capacity building needs. GEF

financing includes travel costs and report preparation

costs. Co-finance covers facilities and secretariat

support.




(ii) Preparation, printing, and dissemination of the

strategy on SIDS and post-Mauritius implementation. (ii) 30,000
(ii) 5,000
GEF financing includes preparation and printing of (ICO)

1000 copies. Co-financing covers secretariat support.


Year 1
85,000
50,000
135,000
Year 2
30,000 16,125 46,125

2b--Convening panels on national and regional ocean $115,000
$215,000
$330,000
policies in SIDS at the September 2005 International

Conference on National and Regional Ocean Policies:




(i) Panels on ocean policies in SIDS organized at the

2005 International Conference on National and (i) 85,000
(i) 215,000
Regional Ocean Policies, including a training (IOC)

component, with the participation of no less than 20

SIDS representatives. GEF covers travel expenses for

30 participants (the SIDS participants, participants from

other developing countries and countries with

economies in transition, Global Forum secretariat). Co-

financing covers other conference costs.



(ii) Conference report: Preparation, printing and (ii) 30,000
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dissemination in various fora/mailings. GEF financing (ICO)
includes report preparation and printing costs.
Year 1
85,000
215,000
300,000
Year 2
30,000 0
30,000

2c--Convening a capacity building workshop on $70,000
$55,000
$125,000
national ocean policies for SIDS in Suva, Fiji, in late

2005 or early 2006:




(i) Capacity building workshop on national ocean (i) 50,000
(i) 55,000
policy for SIDS organized with the participation of no (IOC WITH

less than 20 experts and policy makers. GEF financing SOPAC, CROP,
includes travel costs for participants and preparation of SPREP)

workshop materials. Co-financing includes


organization of workshop, cost of facilities and

secretariat.





(ii) Report from the workshop prepared and (ii) 20,000
disseminated at relevant ocean and freshwater fora.
(ICO)
Year 1
50,000
55,000
105,000
Year 2
20,000 0
20,000

Component 3
GEF
Co-finance
Project total
GPA and Interlinkages to Water
(US$)
(US$)
(US$)
(Total GEF and co-financing $205,000)
3a--Preparing and disseminating policy analyses on the $95,000
$55,000
$150,000
implementation of the GPA and the fostering of

freshwater-coastal-marine interlinkages through


integrated coastal area and river basin management:





(i) Preparation of a policy analysis on GPA implementation (i) 45,000
(i) 35,000
highlighting successful cases of freshwater-coastal-marine (ICO WITH
interlinkages, and contributing to preparations for the GPA UNEP/GPA)

IGR-2.








(ii) EPOMEX/SEMARNAT/CCA host workshop on (ii) 30,000
(ii) 15,000
freshwater-coast-marine interlinkages in Mexico, also (ICO WITH

furthering ties with the World Water Forum. GEF EPOMEX/SEM

support covers the costs of the workshop and the travel ARNAT/CCA)

of developing country participants.




(iii) 1000 copies of the policy analysis paper prepared

and disseminated at relevant ocean and freshwater fora. (iii) 20,000
(iii) 5,000
GEF financing covers preparation and printing costs.
(ICO)



Year 1
45,000
40,000
85,000
Year 2
50,000 15,000 65,000

3b--Organization of oceans panels at the 4th World $40,000
$15,000
$55,000
Water Forum in Mexico in 2006 for the formulation of a

cooperation agenda:




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(i) 20,000
(i) 5,000
(i) 2 panels on ocean issues organized at the 4th World (ICO)

Water Forum: travel for 6 participants.







(ii) 15,000
(ii) 5,000
(ii) Reports from the panels disseminated at relevant (ICO)

oceans and freshwater fora.







(iii) 5,000
(iii) 5,000
(iii) Memorandum of understanding for collaboration (ICO)
between the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands and the World Water Forum and associated
institutions developed and signed.
Year 1
0
0
0
Year 2
40,000 15,000 55,000

Component 4
GEF
Co-finance
Project total
Monitoring and Evaluation
(US$)
(US$)
(US$)
(Total GEF funding: $80,000)
4a--Monitoring and evaluation:
$80,000
0 $80,000


(i) One evaluation meeting involving project staff and (i) 10,000
selected Steering Committee members. GEF financing (IOC)
covers travel costs of SC members.



(ii) External evaluation at the end of the project. GEF (ii) 20,000
financing covers travel and compensation of two (IOC)
external evaluators.



(iii) Replication mechanism with IW:Learn established
(iii) 50,000
(IOC)
Year 1
40,000
0
40,000
Year 2
40,000 0
40,000

Project Management
GEF
Co-finance
Project total
(Total GEF and co-financing: $159,600)
(US$)
(US$)
(US$)
Project management:
$79,600
$80,000
$159,600



(i) Project management. GEF financing includes (i) 79,600
(i) 80,000
partial support for project management (8% of GEF (IOC)

financing for management fees). Co-finance covers

partial support for project management, administrative
support, and facilities.



Year 1
39,800
40,000
79,800
Year 2
39,800
40,000
79,800

Project Total Cost
994,600
1,121,125
2,115,725

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TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE EVALUATION

1. Objective and Scope of the Evaluation
The objective of this terminal evaluation is to examine the extent and magnitude of any
project impacts to date and determine the likelihood of future impacts. The evaluation will
also assess project performance and the implementation of planned project activities and
planned outputs against actual results. The evaluation will focus on the following main
questions:
1. Did the project help to increase awareness at a high political level in the
developing countries, SIDS, and countries with economies in transition on major
issues related to oceans, especially the ecological and socioeconomic inter-
linkages between the management of freshwater and coastal, marine, and island
areas?
2. Did the project promote the attainment of intergovernmental commitments and
agreements, including the JPOI and the Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA)
3. Did the project increase the capacity of developing countries, SIDS, and countries
with economies in transition to:
a. implement the JPOI targets for oceans, coasts, and islands and other relevant
intergovernmental agreements, such as the GPA?
b. adopt the use of ecosystem-based approaches including large marine ecosystems?
c. implement the oceans and coasts aspects of the Barbados Programme of Action and the
outcomes of the Mauritius International Meeting
4. To what extent did the project succeed in securing the sustainability of the Global
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands?
5. To what extent did the project succeed in increasing the replicability of lessons
learned in GEF LME projects through interactions with other major ocean
programs and efforts in the Global Forum?
2. Methods
This terminal evaluation will be conducted as an in-depth evaluation using a participatory
approach whereby the UNEP/DGEF Task Manager, key representatives of the executing
agencies and other relevant staff are kept informed and consulted throughout the evaluation.
The consultant will liaise with the UNEP/EOU and the UNEP/DGEF Task Manager on any
logistic and/or methodological issues to properly conduct the review in as independent a way
as possible, given the circumstances and resources offered. The draft report will be delivered
to UNEP EOU and then circulated to UNEP/DGEF Task Manager and key representatives of
the executing agencies. Any comments or responses to the draft report will be sent to UNEP
EOU for collation and the consultant will be advised of any necessary or suggested revisions.
The findings of the evaluation will be based on the following:

1. A desk review of project documents including, but not limited to:
(a) The project documents, outputs, monitoring reports (such as progress and
financial reports to UNEP and GEF annual Project Implementation Review
reports) and relevant correspondence.
(b) Notes from the Steering Group meetings.
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(c) Other project-related material produced by the project staff or partners.
(d) Relevant material published on the project web-site:.

2. Interviews with project management and technical support including the staff from the
UNESCO/IOC, the secretariat from the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands.
Selected members of the Forum steering committee members;
3. Interviews and Telephone interviews with intended users for the project outputs and
other stakeholders involved with this project, including the participants in the project
activities and international bodies, such as FAO, UNDP and UNEP GPA. The
Consultant shall determine whether to seek additional information and opinions from
representatives of donor agencies and other organisations. As appropriate, these
interviews could be combined with an email questionnaire.

4. Interviews with the UNEP/DGEF project task manager and Fund Management Officer,
and other relevant staff in UNEP dealing with International Waters-related activities as
necessary. The Consultant shall also gain broader perspectives from discussions with
relevant GEF Secretariat staff.

5. Field visit to the fourth meeting of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands, 7-
11 April 2008, Hanoi and the project steering committee to have interviews with
participants.

Key Evaluation principles.
In attempting to evaluate any outcomes and impacts that the project may have achieved,
evaluators should remember that the project's performance should be assessed by considering
the difference between the answers to two simple questions "what happened?" and "what
would have happened anyway?". These questions imply that there should be consideration
of the baseline conditions and trends in relation to the intended project outcomes and impacts.
In addition it implies that there should be plausible evidence to attribute such outcomes and
impacts to the actions of the project.

Sometimes, adequate information on baseline conditions and trends is lacking. In such cases
this should be clearly highlighted by the evaluator, along with any simplifying assumptions
that were taken to enable the evaluator to make informed judgements about project
performance.

3. Project Ratings
The success of project implementation will be rated on a scale from `highly unsatisfactory' to
`highly satisfactory'. In particular the evaluation shall assess and rate the project with respect
1
to the eleven categories defined below:

A. Attainment of objectives and planned results:
The evaluation should assess the extent to which the project's major relevant
objectives were effectively and efficiently achieved or are expected to be
achieved and their relevance.
· Effectiveness: Evaluate how, and to what extent, the stated project
objectives have been met, taking into account the "achievement
indicators". The analysis of outcomes achieved should include, inter alia,
an assessment of the extent to which the project has directly or indirectly

1 However, the views and comments expressed by the evaluator need not be restricted to these items.
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assisted policy- and decision-makers to apply information supplied by. In
particular:
- Evaluate the immediate impact of the project on raising awareness
at a high political levels in the developing countries, SIDS, and
countries with economies in transition on major issues related to
oceans
- As far as possible, also assess the potential longer-term impacts
considering that the evaluation is taking place upon completion of
the project and that longer term impact is expected to be seen in a
few years time.
· Relevance: In retrospect, were the project's outcomes consistent with the
focal areas/operational program strategies and the wider portfolio of the
GEF?
· Efficiency: Was the project cost effective? Was the project the least cost
option? Was the project implementation delayed and if it was, then did
that affect cost-effectiveness? Assess the contribution of cash and in-kind
co-financing to project implementation and to what extent the project
leveraged additional resources. Did the project build on earlier initiatives,
did it make effective use of available scientific and / or technical
information. Wherever possible, the evaluator should also compare the
cost-time vs. outcomes relationship of the project with that of other similar
projects.
B. Sustainability:
Sustainability is understood as the probability of continued long-term project-
derived outcomes and impacts after the GEF project funding ends. The
evaluation will identify and assess the key conditions or factors that are likely
to contribute or undermine the persistence of benefits after the project ends.
Some of these factors might be outcomes of the project, e.g. stronger
institutional capacities or better informed decision-making. Other factors will
include contextual circumstances or developments that are not outcomes of the
project but that are relevant to the sustainability of outcomes. The evaluation
should ascertain to what extent follow-up work has been initiated and how
project outcomes will be sustained and enhanced over time. In particular the
evaluation should determine to what extent did the project succeed in securing
the sustainability of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands?

Five aspects of sustainability should be addressed: financial, socio-political,
institutional frameworks and governance, environmental (if applicable). The
following questions provide guidance on the assessment of these aspects:
· Financial resources. Are there any financial risks that may jeopardize
sustenance of project outcomes? What is the likelihood that financial
and economic resources will not be available once the GEF assistance
ends (resources can be from multiple sources, such as the public and
private sectors, income generating activities, and trends that may
indicate that it is likely that in future there will be adequate financial
resources for sustaining project's outcomes)? To what extent are the
outcomes of the project dependent on continued financial support?
· Socio-political: Are there any social or political risks that may
jeopardize sustenance of project outcomes? What is the risk that the
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level of stakeholder ownership will be insufficient to allow for the
project outcomes to be sustained? Do the various key stakeholders see
that it is in their interest that the project benefits continue to flow? Is
there sufficient public / stakeholder awareness in support of the long
term objectives of the project?
· Institutional framework and governance. To what extent is the
sustenance of the outcomes of the project dependent on issues relating
to institutional frameworks and governance? What is the likelihood that
institutional and technical achievements, legal frameworks, policies and
governance structures and processes will allow for, the project
outcomes/benefits to be sustained? While responding to these questions
consider if the required systems for accountability and transparency and
the required technical know-how are in place.
· Environmental. Are there any environmental risks that can undermine
the future flow of project environmental benefits? The TE should
assess whether certain activities in the project area will pose a threat to
the sustainability of the project outcomes. For example; construction of
dam in a protected area could inundate a sizable area and thereby
neutralize the biodiversity-related gains made by the project; or, a
newly established pulp mill might jeopardise the viability of nearby
protected forest areas by increasing logging pressures; or a vector
control intervention may be made less effective by changes in climate
and consequent alterations to the incidence and distribution of malarial
mosquitoes.
C. Achievement of outputs and activities:
· Delivered outputs: Assessment of the project's success in producing
each of the programmed outputs, both in quantity and quality as well as
usefulness and timeliness.
· Assess the soundness and effectiveness of approaches used to build the
capacity of SIDS experts and policy makers through participation in
scientific meetings and in analytical activities on ocean policies,
ecosystem-based management, and large marine ecosystems as a means
to advance the Barbados Programme of Action and the outcomes of the
Mauritius International Meeting
· Assess to what extent the policy analyses produced on
freshwater/coastal/marine inter-linkages, including GPA
implementation have the weight of scientific authority / credibility
necessary to assist the developing countries to implement JPOI targets.
D. Catalytic Role
Replication and catalysis. What examples are there of replication and catalytic
outcomes? Replication approach, in the context of GEF projects, is defined as
lessons and experiences coming out of the project that are replicated or scaled
up in the design and implementation of other projects. Replication can have
two aspects, replication proper (lessons and experiences are replicated in
different geographic area) or scaling up (lessons and experiences are replicated
within the same geographic area but funded by other sources). Specifically:
· Did the project succeed in increasing the replicability of lessons learned
in GEF LME projects through interactions with other major ocean
programs and efforts in the Global Forum?
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If no effects are identified, the evaluation will describe the catalytic or
replication actions that the project carried out.
E. Assessment monitoring and evaluation systems.
The evaluation shall include an assessment of the quality, application and
effectiveness of project monitoring and evaluation plans and tools, including
an assessment of risk management based on the assumptions and risks
identified in the project document. The Terminal Evaluation will assess
whether the project met the minimum requirements for `project design of
M&E' and `the application of the Project M&E plan' (see minimum
requirements 1&2 in Annex 4). GEF projects must budget adequately for
execution of the M&E plan, and provide adequate resources during
implementation of the M&E plan. Project managers are also expected to use
the information generated by the M&E system during project implementation
to adapt and improve the project.

M&E during project implementation
· M&E design. Projects should have sound M&E plans to monitor results
and track progress towards achieving project objectives. An M&E plan
should include a baseline (including data, methodology, etc.), SMART
indicators (see Annex 4) and data analysis systems, and evaluation
studies at specific times to assess results. The time frame for various
M&E activities and standards for outputs should have been specified.
· M&E plan implementation. A Terminal Evaluation should verify that:
an M&E system was in place and facilitated timely tracking of results
and progress towards projects objectives throughout the project
implementation period (perhaps through use of a logframe or similar);
annual project reports and Progress Implementation Review (PIR)
reports were complete, accurate and with well justified ratings; that the
information provided by the M&E system was used during the project
to improve project performance and to adapt to changing needs; and
that projects had an M&E system in place with proper training for
parties responsible for M&E activities.
· Budgeting and Funding for M&E activities. The terminal evaluation
should determine whether support for M&E was budgeted adequately
and was funded in a timely fashion during implementation.
F. Preparation and Readiness
Were the project's objectives and components clear, practicable and feasible
within its timeframe? Were the capacities of executing institution and
counterparts properly considered when the project was designed? Were
lessons from other relevant projects properly incorporated in the project
design? Were the partnership arrangements properly identified and the roles
and responsibilities negotiated prior to project implementation? Were
counterpart resources (funding, staff, and facilities), enabling legislation, and
adequate project management arrangements in place?
G. Country ownership / driveness:
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This is the relevance of the project to national development and environmental
agendas, recipient country commitment, and regional and international
agreements. The evaluation will:
· Assess the level of country ownership. Specifically, the evaluator
should assess whether the project was effective in involving SIDS
experts and policy makers in the further development of ecosystem-
based national and regional ocean policies through participation in
policy analyses, workshop/conferences, and capacity building efforts.
· Assess the level of country commitment to Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands and the World Water Forum.
H. Stakeholder participation / public awareness:
This consists of three related and often overlapping processes: information
dissemination, consultation, and "stakeholder" participation. Stakeholders are
the individuals, groups, institutions, or other bodies that have an interest or
stake in the outcome of the GEF- financed project. The term also applies to
those potentially adversely affected by a project. The evaluation will
specifically:
· Assess the mechanisms put in place by the project for identification and
engagement of stakeholders in each participating country and establish,
in consultation with the stakeholders, whether this mechanism was
successful, and identify its strengths and weaknesses.
· Assess the degree and effectiveness of collaboration/interactions
between the various project partners and institutions during the course
of implementation of the project.
· Assess the degree and effectiveness of any various public awareness
activities that were undertaken during the course of implementation of
the project.
I. Financial Planning
Evaluation of financial planning requires assessment of the quality and
effectiveness of financial planning and control of financial resources
throughout the project's lifetime. Evaluation includes actual project costs by
activities compared to budget (variances), financial management (including
disbursement issues), and co- financing. The evaluation should:
· Assess the strength and utility of financial controls, including reporting,
and planning to allow the project management to make informed
decisions regarding the budget and allow for a proper and timely flow
of funds for the payment of satisfactory project deliverables.
· Present the major findings from the financial audit if one has been
conducted.
· Identify and verify the sources of co- financing as well as leveraged
and associated financing (in co-operation with the IA and EA).
· Assess whether the project has applied appropriate standards of due
diligence in the management of funds and financial audits.
· The evaluation should also include a breakdown of final actual costs
and co-financing for the project prepared in consultation with the
relevant UNON/DGEF Fund Management Officer of the project (table
attached in Annex 1 Co-financing and leveraged resources).
J. Implementation approach:
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This includes an analysis of the project's management framework, adaptation
to changing conditions (adaptive management), partnerships in implementation
arrangements, changes in project design, and overall project management. The
evaluation will:
· Ascertain to what extent the project implementation mechanisms
outlined in the project document have been closely followed. In
particular, assess the role of the various committees established and
whether the project document was clear and realistic to enable effective
and efficient implementation, whether the project was executed
according to the plan and how well the management was able to adapt
to changes during the life of the project to enable the implementation of
the project.
· Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency and adaptability of project
management and the supervision of project activities / project execution
arrangements at all levels (1) policy decisions: Steering Group; (2) day
to day project management by the IOC/UNESCO and the Forum
secretariat.
K. UNEP Supervision and Backstopping
· Assess the effectiveness of supervision and administrative and financial
support provided by UNEP/DGEF.
· Identify administrative, operational and/or technical problems and
constraints that influenced the effective implementation of the project.

The ratings will be presented in the form of a table. Each of the eleven categories should be
rated separately with brief justifications based on the findings of the main analysis. An
overall rating for the project should also be given. The following rating system is to be
applied:
HS
=
Highly
Satisfactory
S

=
Satisfactory


MS = Moderately Satisfactory


MU = Moderately Unsatisfactory
U

=
Unsatisfactory
HU
=
Highly
Unsatisfactory

4. Evaluation report format and review procedures
The report should be brief, to the point and easy to understand. It must explain; the purpose of
the evaluation, exactly what was evaluated and the methods used. The report must highlight
any methodological limitations, identify key concerns and present evidence-based findings,
consequent conclusions, recommendations and lessons. The report should be presented in a
way that makes the information accessible and comprehensible and include an executive
summary that encapsulates the essence of the information contained in the report to facilitate
dissemination and distillation of lessons.

The evaluation will rate the overall implementation success of the project and provide
individual ratings of the eleven implementation aspects as described in Section 1 of this TOR.
The ratings will be presented in the format of a table with brief justifications based on the
findings of the main analysis.

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Evidence, findings, conclusions and recommendations should be presented in a complete and
balanced manner. Any dissident views in response to evaluation findings will be appended in
an annex. The evaluation report shall be written in English, be of no more than 50 pages
(excluding annexes), use numbered paragraphs and include:

i)
An executive summary (no more than 3 pages) providing a brief overview of
the main conclusions and recommendations of the evaluation;
ii)
Introduction and background giving a brief overview of the evaluated
project, for example, the objective and status of activities; The GEF
Monitoring and Evaluation Policy, 2006, requires that a TE report will provide
summary information on when the evaluation took place; places visited; who
was involved; the key questions; and, the methodology.
iii)
Scope, objective and methods presenting the evaluation's purpose, the
evaluation criteria used and questions to be addressed;
iv)
Project Performance and Impact providing factual evidence relevant to the
questions asked by the evaluator and interpretations of such evidence. This is
the main substantive section of the report. The evaluator should provide a
commentary and anlaysis on all eleven evaluation aspects (A - K above).
v)
Conclusions and rating of project implementation success giving the
evaluator's concluding assessments and ratings of the project against given
evaluation criteria and standards of performance. The conclusions should
provide answers to questions about whether the project is considered good or
bad, and whether the results are considered positive or negative. The ratings
should be provided with a brief narrative comment in a table (see Annex 1);
vi)
Lessons (to be) learned presenting general conclusions from the standpoint of
the design and implementation of the project, based on good practices and
successes or problems and mistakes. Lessons should have the potential for
wider application and use. All lessons should `stand alone' and should:
Briefly describe the context from which they are derived
State or imply some prescriptive action;
Specify the contexts in which they may be applied (if possible, who
when and where)
vii)
Recommendations suggesting actionable proposals for improvement of the
current project. In general, Terminal Evaluations are likely to have very few
(perhaps two or three) actionable recommendations.
Prior to each recommendation, the issue(s) or problem(s) to be addressed by
the recommendation should be clearly stated.
A high quality recommendation is an actionable proposal that is:
1. Feasible to implement within the timeframe and resources available
2. Commensurate with the available capacities of project team and partners
3. Specific in terms of who would do what and when
4. Contains results-based language (i.e. a measurable performance target)
5. Includes a trade-off analysis, when its implementation may require utilizing
significant resources that would otherwise be used for other project purposes.
viii) Annexes may include additional material deemed relevant by the evaluator but
must include:
1. The Evaluation Terms of Reference,
2. A list of interviewees, and evaluation timeline
3. A list of documents reviewed / consulted
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4. Summary co-finance information and a statement of project expenditure by
activity
5. The expertise of the evaluation team. (brief CV).
TE reports will also include any response / comments from the project
management team and/or the country focal point regarding the evaluation
findings or conclusions as an annex to the report, however, such will be
appended to the report by UNEP EOU.

Examples of UNEP GEF Terminal Evaluation Reports are available at www.unep.org/eou

Review of the Draft Evaluation Report
Draft reports submitted to UNEP EOU are shared with the corresponding Programme or
Project Officer and his or her supervisor for initial review and consultation. The DGEF staff
and senior Executing Agency staff are allowed to comment on the draft evaluation report.
They may provide feedback on any errors of fact and may highlight the significance of such
errors in any conclusions. The consultation also seeks feedback on the proposed
recommendations and the preparation of a draft management response to them. UNEP EOU
collates all review comments and provides them to the evaluator(s) for their consideration in
preparing the final version of the report.

5. Submission of Final Terminal Evaluation Reports.
The final report shall be submitted in electronic form in MS Word format and should be sent
to:

Segbedzi Norgbey, Chief,
UNEP Evaluation and Oversight Unit

P.O.
Box
30552-00100

Nairobi,
Kenya


Tel.: (254-20) 7624181


Fax: (254-20) 7623158
Email: segbedzi.norgbey@unep.org



UNEP EOU will then provide copies to:


Maryam
Niamir-Fuller

Director


UNEP/Division of GEF Coordination

P.O.
Box
30552-00100

Nairobi,
Kenya

Tel:
+
254-20-7624686


Fax: + 254-20-623158/4042
Email:
maryam.niamir-fuller@unep.org



Takehiro Nakamura
UNEP/GEF International Waters SPO
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Division of GEF Coordination (DGEF)
PO Box 30552-00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254 20 7625077
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Fax: 254 20 7624041/2
Email: takehiro.nakamura@unep.org

The final evaluation report will be published on the Evaluation and Oversight Unit's web-site
www.unep.org/eou and may be printed in hard copy. Subsequently, the report will be sent to
the GEF Office of Evaluation for their review, appraisal and inclusion on the GEF website.

6. Resources and schedule of the evaluation
This final evaluation will be undertaken by an international evaluator contracted by the
Evaluation and Oversight Unit, UNEP. The contract for the evaluator will begin on 25 March
2008 and end on 24 April 2008 (22 days) spread over 12 weeks (10 days of travel, to Hanoi
and 12 days desk study). The evaluator will submit a draft report on 14 April 2008 to
UNEP/EOU, the UNEP/DGEF Task Manager, and key representatives of the executing
agencies. Any comments or responses to the draft report will be sent to UNEP / EOU for
collation and the consultant will be advised of any necessary revisions. Comments to the final
draft report will be sent to the consultant by 21 April 2008 after which, the consultant will
submit the final report no later than 24 April 2008.

The evaluator will after an initial telephone briefing with EOU and UNEP/GEF conduct initial
desk review work and later travel to Hanoi to meet with representatives of the project
executing agencies and the intended users of project's outputs.

In accordance with UNEP/GEF policy, all GEF projects are evaluated by independent
evaluators contracted as consultants by the EOU. The evaluator should have the following
qualifications:

The evaluator should not have been associated with the design and implementation of the
project in a paid capacity. The evaluator will work under the overall supervision of the Chief,
Evaluation and Oversight Unit, UNEP. The evaluator should be an international expert in
coastal zone management, ocean laws and capacity building for coastal and ocean
management, marine resources management. The consultant should have the following
minimum qualifications: (i) experience in marine and coastal issues; (ii) experience with
management and implementation of a project related to fostering policy dialogues; (iii)
experience with project evaluation. Knowledge of UNEP programmes and GEF activities is
desirable. Knowledge of Indonesian, Chinese and / or Russian is an advantage. Fluency in
oral and written English is a must.

7. Schedule Of Payment
The consultant shall select one of the following two contract options:

Lump-Sum Option
The evaluator will receive an initial payment of 30% of the total amount due upon signature
of the contract. A further 30% will be paid upon submission of the draft report. A final
payment of 40% will be made upon satisfactory completion of work. The fee is payable under
the individual Special Service Agreement (SSA) of the evaluator and is inclusive of all
expenses such as travel, accommodation and incidental expenses.

Fee-only Option
The evaluator will receive an initial payment of 40% of the total amount due upon signature
of the contract. Final payment of 60% will be made upon satisfactory completion of work.
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The fee is payable under the individual SSAs of the evaluator and is NOT inclusive of all
expenses such as travel, accommodation and incidental expenses. Ticket and DSA will be
paid separately.

In case, the evaluator cannot provide the products in accordance with the TORs, the
timeframe agreed, or his products are substandard, the payment to the evaluator could be
withheld, until such a time the products are modified to meet UNEP's standard. In case the
evaluator fails to submit a satisfactory final product to UNEP, the product prepared by the
evaluator may not constitute the evaluation report.

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Annex 1. OVERALL RATINGS TABLE

Evaluator's
Criterion
Evaluator's Summary Comments
Rating
A. Attainment of project objectives


and results (overall rating)
Sub criteria (below)
A. 1. Effectiveness

A. 2. Relevance

A. 3. Efficiency

B. Sustainability of Project outcomes


(overall rating)
Sub criteria (below)
B. 1. Financial

B. 2. Socio Political

B. 3. Institutional framework and

governance
B. 4. Ecological

C. Achievement of outputs and


activities
D. Monitoring and Evaluation


(overall rating)
Sub criteria (below)
D. 1. M&E Design

D. 2. M&E Plan Implementation (use

for adaptive management)
D. 3. Budgeting and Funding for M&E

activities
E. Catalytic Role


F. Preparation and readiness


G. Country ownership / drivenness


H. Stakeholders involvement


I. Financial planning


J. Implementation approach


K. UNEP Supervision and


backstopping

RATING OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS

Highly Satisfactory (HS): The project had no shortcomings in the achievement of its objectives, in
terms of relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Satisfactory (S): The project had minor shortcomings in the achievement of its objectives, in terms of
relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Moderately Satisfactory (MS): The project had moderate shortcomings in the achievement of its
objectives, in terms of relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Moderately Unsatisfactory (MU): The project had significant shortcomings in the achievement of its
objectives, in terms of relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Unsatisfactory (U) The project had major shortcomings in the achievement of its objectives, in terms of
relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Highly Unsatisfactory (HU): The project had severe shortcomings in the achievement of its objectives,
in terms of relevance, effectiveness or efficiency.
Please note: Relevance and effectiveness will be considered as critical criteria. The overall rating of the project
for achievement of objectives and results may not be higher than the lowest rating on either of these two
criteria. Thus, to have an overall satisfactory rating for outcomes a project must have at least satisfactory ratings
on both relevance and effectiveness.

RATINGS ON SUSTAINABILITY

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A. Sustainability will be understood as the probability of continued long-term outcomes and impacts after the
GEF project funding ends. The Terminal evaluation will identify and assess the key conditions or factors
that are likely to contribute or undermine the persistence of benefits after the project ends. Some of these
factors might be outcomes of the project, i.e. stronger institutional capacities, legal frameworks, socio-
economic incentives /or public awareness. Other factors will include contextual circumstances or
developments that are not outcomes of the project but that are relevant to the sustainability of outcomes..

Rating system for sustainability sub-criteria
On each of the dimensions of sustainability of the project outcomes will be rated as follows.
Likely (L): There are no risks affecting this dimension of sustainability.
Moderately Likely (ML). There are moderate risks that affect this dimension of sustainability.
Moderately Unlikely (MU): There are significant risks that affect this dimension of sustainability
Unlikely (U): There are severe risks that affect this dimension of sustainability.
According to the GEF Office of Evaluation, all the risk dimensions of sustainability are deemed critical.
Therefore, overall rating for sustainability will not be higher than the rating of the dimension with lowest ratings.
For example, if a project has an Unlikely rating in any of the dimensions then its overall rating cannot be higher
than Unlikely, regardless of whether higher ratings in other dimensions of sustainability produce a higher
average.
RATINGS OF PROJECT M&E
Monitoring is a continuing function that uses systematic collection of data on specified indicators to provide
management and the main stakeholders of an ongoing project with indications of the extent of progress and
achievement of objectives and progress in the use of allocated funds. Evaluation is the systematic and objective
assessment of an on-going or completed project, its design, implementation and results. Project evaluation may
involve the definition of appropriate standards, the examination of performance against those standards, and an
assessment of actual and expected results.
The Project monitoring and evaluation system will be rated on `M&E Design', `M&E Plan Implementation' and
`Budgeting and Funding for M&E activities' as follows:
Highly Satisfactory (HS): There were no shortcomings in the project M&E system.
Satisfactory(S): There were minor shortcomings in the project M&E system.
Moderately Satisfactory (MS): There were moderate shortcomings in the project M&E system.
Moderately Unsatisfactory (MU): There were significant shortcomings in the project M&E system.
Unsatisfactory (U): There were major shortcomings in the project M&E system.
Highly Unsatisfactory (HU): The Project had no M&E system.
"M&E plan implementation" will be considered a critical parameter for the overall assessment of the M&E
system. The overall rating for the M&E systems will not be higher than the rating on "M&E plan
implementation."
All other ratings will be on the GEF six point scale.
GEF Performance Description
Alternative description on
the same scale
HS
= Highly Satisfactory
Excellent
S
= Satisfactory
Well above average
MS = Moderately Satisfactory
Average
MU = Moderately Unsatisfactory Below Average
U
= Unsatisfactory
Poor
HU
= Highly Unsatisfactory
Very poor (Appalling)


Page 22 of 27

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Annex 2. Co-financing and Leveraged Resources

Co-financing (basic data to be supplied to the consultant for verification)


IA own
Government
Other*
Total
Total
Financing



Disbursement
Co financing
(mill US$)
(mill US$)
(mill US$)
(mill US$)
(mill US$)
(Type/Source)
Planne
Actual
Planned
Actual
Planned
Actual
Planned Actual
Planned
Actual
d
-
Grants










-
Loans/Concessional










(compared to market
rate)
-
Credits










-
Equity investments










-
In-kind support










-
Other (*)










-

-
-
-
-

Totals












* Other is referred to contributions mobilized for the project from other multilateral agencies, bilateral development cooperation agencies, NGOs, the private sector
and beneficiaries.

Leveraged Resources
Leveraged resources are additional resources--beyond those committed to the project itself at the time of approval--that are mobilized later as a direct result of the
project. Leveraged resources can be financial or in-kind and they may be from other donors, NGO's, foundations, governments, communities or the private sector.
Please briefly describe the resources the project has leveraged since inception and indicate how these resources are contributing to the project's ultimate objective.

Table showing final actual project expenditure by activity to be supplied by the UNEP Fund management Officer. (insert here)




Page 23 of 27

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Annex 3
Review of the Draft Report
Draft reports submitted to UNEP EOU are shared with the corresponding Programme or Project
Officer and his or her supervisor for initial review and consultation. The DGEF staff and senior
Executing Agency staff provide comments on the draft evaluation report. They may provide feedback
on any errors of fact and may highlight the significance of such errors in any conclusions. The
consultation also seeks agreement on the findings and recommendations. UNEP EOU collates the
review comments and provides them to the evaluators for their consideration in preparing the final
version of the report. General comments on the draft report with respect to compliance with these
TOR are shared with the reviewer.
Quality Assessment of the Evaluation Report
All UNEP GEF Mid Term Reports are subject to quality assessments by UNEP EOU. These apply
GEF Office of Evaluation quality assessment and are used as a tool for providing structured feedback
to the evaluator.
The quality of the draft evaluation report is assessed and rated against the following criteria:
GEF Report Quality Criteria
UNEP EOU Rating
Assessment
A. Did the report present an assessment of relevant outcomes and achievement of project


objectives in the context of the focal area program indicators if applicable?
B. Was the report consistent and the evidence complete and convincing and were the


ratings substantiated when used?
C. Did the report present a sound assessment of sustainability of outcomes?


D. Were the lessons and recommendations supported by the evidence presented?


E. Did the report include the actual project costs (total and per activity) and actual co-


financing used?
F. Did the report include an assessment of the quality of the project M&E system and its


use for project management?
UNEP EOU additional Report Quality Criteria
UNEP EOU Rating
Assessment
G. Quality of the lessons: Were lessons readily applicable in other contexts? Did they


suggest prescriptive action?
H. Quality of the recommendations: Did recommendations specify the actions necessary to


correct existing conditions or improve operations (`who?' `what?' `where?' `when?)'. Can
they be implemented? Did the recommendations specify a goal and an associated
performance indicator?
I. Was the report well written?


(clear English language and grammar)
J. Did the report structure follow EOU guidelines, were all requested Annexes included?


K. Were all evaluation aspects specified in the TORs adequately addressed?


L. Was the report delivered in a timely manner



GEF Quality of the MTE report = 0.3*(A + B) + 0.1*(C+D+E+F)
EOU assessment of MTE report = 0.3*(G + H) + 0.1*(I+J+K+L)
Combined quality Rating = (2* `GEF EO' rating + EOU rating)/3
The Totals are rounded and converted to the scale of HS to HU

Rating system for quality of terminal evaluation reports
A number rating 1-6 is used for each criterion: Highly Satisfactory = 6, Satisfactory = 5, Moderately
Satisfactory = 4, Moderately Unsatisfactory = 3, Unsatisfactory = 2, Highly Unsatisfactory = 1, and unable to
assess = 0.

Terminal Evaluation TORs "Integrated Management of peatlands for biodiversity and climate change"
Page 24 of 27

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Annex 4 GEF Minimum requirements for M&E


Minimum Requirement 1: Project Design of M&E2
All projects must include a concrete and fully budgeted monitoring and evaluation plan by
the time of Work Program entry (full-sized projects) or CEO approval (medium-sized
projects). This plan must contain at a minimum:
SMART (see below) indicators for project implementation, or, if no indicators are
identified, an alternative plan for monitoring that will deliver reliable and valid
information to management
SMART indicators for results (outcomes and, if applicable, impacts), and, where
appropriate, corporate-level indicators
A project baseline, with:
- a description of the problem to address
- indicator data
- or, if major baseline indicators are not identified, an alternative plan for
addressing this within one year of implementation
An M&E Plan with identification of reviews and evaluations which will be undertaken,
such as mid-term reviews or evaluations of activities
An organizational setup and budgets for monitoring and evaluation.


2
http://gefweb.org/MonitoringandEvaluation/MEPoliciesProcedures/MEPTools/meptstandards
.html
Terminal Evaluation TORs "Integrated Management of peatlands for biodiversity and climate change"
Page 25 of 27

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Minimum Requirement 2: Application of Project M&E

Project monitoring and supervision will include implementation of the M&E plan,
comprising:
Use of SMART indicators for implementation (or provision of a reasonable explanation
if not used)
Use of SMART indicators for results (or provision of a reasonable explanation if not
used)
Fully established baseline for the project and data compiled to review progress
Evaluations are undertaken as planned
Operational organizational setup for M&E and budgets spent as planned.
SMART INDICATORS GEF projects and programs should monitor using relevant
performance indicators. The monitoring system should be "SMART":
1. Specific: The system captures the essence of the desired result by clearly and
directly relating to achieving an objective, and only that objective.
2. Measurable: The monitoring system and its indicators are unambiguously
specified so that all parties agree on what the system covers and there are
practical ways to measure the indicators and results.
3. Achievable and Attributable: The system identifies what changes are
anticipated as a result of the intervention and whether the result(s) are realistic.
Attribution requires that changes in the targeted developmental issue can be
linked to the intervention.
4. Relevant and Realistic: The system establishes levels of performance that are
likely to be achieved in a practical manner, and that reflect the expectations of
stakeholders.
5. Time-bound, Timely, Trackable, and Targeted: The system allows progress to
be tracked in a cost-effective manner at desired frequency for a set period, with
clear identification of the particular stakeholder group to be impacted by the
project or program.
Terminal Evaluation TORs "Integrated Management of peatlands for biodiversity and climate change"
Page 26 of 27

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Annex 5 List of intended additional recipients for the Terminal
Evaluation (to be completed by the IA Task Manager)

Name
Affiliation
Email
Aaron Zazuetta
GEF Evaluation Office
azazueta@thegef.org

Government Officials

















GEF Focal Point(s)














Executing Agency














Implementing Agency


Carmen Tavera
UNEP DGEF Portfolio Manager










Terminal Evaluation TORs "Integrated Management of peatlands for biodiversity and climate change"
Page 27 of 27

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Comments on the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands by various
stakeholders

The Global Forum was born at Johannesburg to address the interdependent issues of oceans,
coasts, and islands. Since its inception we have witnessed a remarkable change in the attitude
and engagement of the international community. The Global Forum had spurred and focused the
attention of policymakers in a very short time and the impact of the Forum was soon felt at the
very centre of multilateral diplomacy and decision making i.e. the General Assembly of the
United Nations and its Subsidiary bodies.
- Awni Behnam, President, International Ocean Institute, June 13, 2006


In my experience every formal, multi-lateral negotiating process needs an informal process
which feeds into it, and where ideas can be taken forward in a less formal way. That seems to me
to be perhaps the key role for the Global Forum as the years go by.
- John Richardson, European Commission, June 17, 2006, New York

The Global Forum assists, encourages, and facilitates ongoing discussions on very important
and sensitive ocean issues, so that eventually we will achieve better management for the ocean.
In this process, the Global Forum plays a very important role because it is a Forum where
various stakeholders can discuss issues and exchange views without being bound by some
formalities. It's an open discussion that facilitates and helps everyone. The Global Forum serves
as an excellent platform at which you can have industry, civil society, and member States
exchanging views in a very informal atmosphere. This provides for a comprehensive approach, a
cross-sectoral approach, and this is a new trend. The Global Forum should strengthen this
approach.
- Vladimir Golitsyn, former Director, UN-DOALOS, June 17, 2006, New York

The persistent efforts of all interested groups, beginning with the Global Conference on Oceans
and Coasts at Rio+10, persuaded the preparatory meetings for the Johannesburg Conference
that not only was UNCLOS not the end of the road, but also that many of the commitments of the
UNCED at Rio remained unfulfilled.
- UN Secretary General's report on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, (March 3, 2003, A/58/65,
p.7)


The Global Conference in 2001 was one of the most informative and important international
events and really shaped what happened at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in a
positive way. The Conference was very valuable in placing ocean, coastal, and SIDS issues on
the global agenda, and it produced so much important information that the international
community kept using the information generated for a least a year.
- Phil Burgess, former Co-Chair, UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and
the Law of the Sea,
June 13, 2006, New York City

1

---

In bringing together key national level officials, regional organizations, UN agencies, scholars
specializing in national ocean policy, donors, nongovernmental organizations, and industry to
examine the growing experience around the world with the formulation and implementation of
integrated ocean policies at national and regional levels, the Global Forum was able to produce
important work from which we were able to draw lessons and suggest emerging best practices
for the development of the national ocean policy of Mexico.
- Antonio Diaz de Leon, Director-General, Environmental, Regional Integration and Sectoral
Policy, Environment and Natural Resources Ministry (SEMARNAT), Mexico


The work that the Global Forum completed on comparative national and regional ocean
policies, funded by the Nippon Foundation and the Global Environment Facility as partners, was
very useful in our effort in Japan in drafting and achieving enactment of the Japanese Basic
Ocean Law.
- Hiroshi Terashima, Executive Director, Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan


The work of the Global Forum's Working Group on Improving Governance of Marine Areas
Beyond National Jurisdiction was very useful in laying the groundwork for the subsequent UN
Informal Working Group that took place in February 2006. The informal interchange of
perspectives that took place both before and during the 2006 Global Conference very much
facilitated the cooperative nature of the discussions at the UN February meeting by providing a
neutral and informal venue for the sharing of perspectives among governments (both developed
and developing), UN and other international agencies, NGOs, and industry, in a candid and
direct manner.
- Lorraine Ridgeway, Director-General, International Coordination and Policy Analysis,
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, and Co-Chair, UN Openended Informal
Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, June 17, 2006, New York

Thank you to the Global Forum for capturing the issues that are facing small island developing
States. These issues were well covered in both in the Third Global Conference and in the reports
coming out of the conference.
-- Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, former UN Permanent Representative of Tuvalu to the United
Nations and Vice-Chair, Alliance of Small Island States, January 27, 2006, Paris

Integrated management of the coast and the marine environment is altogether an essential
aspect of improving the social and economic conditions of communities which are mostly
established in such coastal zones-- hence the need for vigilance on the part of all those involved
in development to ensure better management of the marine and coastal environment, a revenue
source that must be managed in an ecologically rational way.
-- Honorable Thierno Lo, Minister for the Environment and Protection of Nature, Senegal,
January 25, 2006, Paris



2

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Capacity building, in light of national ocean policy development and improved ocean
governance, involves capacity development at three levels: Individual, institutional, and societal.
Individually, there is a need to develop ocean policy expertise through educational development
programs. Institutional capacity development involves providing support from internal and
external sources to advance the design, implementation, and evaluation of ocean legislation,
including the development of implementation strategies such as intergovernmental and cross-
sectoral coordination mechanisms and conduct of targeted research and development projects.
At the societal level, capacity building involves increased public awareness and empowerment
for communities to be able to take part in decision-making in ocean governance. Ultimately, to
be successful, the good practice principles of capacity building need to be followed which, in
spite of their context-specificity and complexity, are clear. Similarly, sufficient institutional and
societal resources (of both skills and money) need to be set aside as it is a long process. Only
within this understanding and framework will sufficient capacity be built and lead to efficient
and effective ocean governance. This will involve risk and demand courage and requires that
government, private organizations, local civil society organizations, international non-
governmental organizations, and donors take responsibility for addressing their contributions to
capacity building.
­ Ali Mohammed and James Kamula, New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)
Coastal and Marine Coordination Unit (COSMAR) Secretariat, from Draft assessment, June 15,
2007


All the Millennium Development Goals ­ reducing poverty, hunger, diseases, and environmental
degradation ­ depend on water for their achievement. That in turn calls for Integrated Water
Resources Management, and because water is an integral system, we must marry Chapter 18 of
Agenda 21 on freshwater resources, to Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 on oceans and coasts, and
similarly, we must bring together the water and oceans communities. The Global Forum is well
poised to bring these two communities together.
-- Dr. Torkil Jønch-Clausen, King Hassan II Prize Awardee, 2006 World Water Forum, Mexico
City, October 17, 2006, Beijing
















3

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Safeguarding the potential of the world's ocean is an immense collective and individual
challenge for all citizens of the Blue Planet. The oceans sustain livelihoods of all inhabitants of
the Earth. It is only natural that all citizens, not only decisionmakers, should be involved in
stewardship and governance of the oceans. The role of the general public is two-fold: To
participate actively in policy-making and to adapt their everyday behavior toward a sustainable
way of life. Without a strong public awareness of human connectedness with the marine
environment, and a strong sense of common maritime identity, no policy will succeed. The role
that aquaria, science centers, natural science museums, and zoos can play makes them important
assets to this challenge. Visited by more than 200 million people every year, these institutions
are situated at a crossroads where several worlds converge: the world of politics, science, and
practice, the world of mass media, and general public institutions. These institutions are ideally
placed to explain the complexities of maritime issues, inform the public about sustainable
policies, make new effective laws, involve the public in their implementation, and assess the true
needs of the general public.
- Philippe Vallette, General Manager, NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer, France), and Co-
Chair, World Ocean Network, June 24, 2007, New York


The Global Forum has focused on the issues and problems related to the sustainable
development and use of the ocean and coastal areas, particularly related to the well-being of
coastal communities in the developing world. These are major issues in Vietnam, and the
Government of Vietnam is very pleased to be the host of the 4th Global Conference on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands, to be held April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam. Through the conference, the
Global Forum will bring those concerned about the world's oceans to Vietnam, allowing them to
experience its beauty and significance as a vital coastal nation.
- Nguyen Chu Hoi, Director, Institute of
Fisheries Economics and Planning, Ministry of Fisheries, Vietnam, May 14, 2007, Hanoi

Bringing together the high-level leaders around the world in an informal way, in the Global
Conferences and in the Ministerial Roundtable, has been very useful in broadening the debate to
include the perspectives of developing nations, developed nations, intergovernmental
organizations, non-governmental organizations, industry, and civil society, and has helped to
inspire Indonesia to take a leading role in global ocean affairs by convening the World Ocean
Conference in 2009 which will be organized in coordination with the Global Forum.
-- Indroyono Soesilo, Chair, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine
Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia






4

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The success of the (4th global oceans) conference has contributed an important role to Vietnam.
It helped us to recognize the role of oceans, the importance of oceans and the international
responsibilities of Vietnam to the management and protections of oceans, coasts, and islands in
order to use long-term benefits to humankind and the nations around the world. Simultaneously,
the conference made favorable conditions for friends in the world to understand more clearly the
nation, the people of Vietnam, efforts of Vietnam in sustainable management and initialization of
seas, coasts, and islands in the past time and the opportunities for the following cooperation
activities that will support Vietnam to implement the national duties and the Millennium
commitment on oceans, coasts, and islands in the context of climate change.
- Vice Minister of Fisheries Nguyen Viet Thang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, (MARD), April 10, 2008, Hanoi

First of all, I would like to say that in my opinion this has been a very, very successful forum. It
was a really successful conference, and despite everything we have said about the situation of
the oceans, I think we should celebrate success. It is not to be reminded that this forum was
created as a reaction of the WEHAB paper that was prepared for the WSSD, and I think a lot has
been achieved, and thank you very much for that. I was impressed by the high-level
participation; I was impressed by the diversity of the subjects and the issues that have been
discussed here. [There were] a number of presentations. It was really rich, and I hope we can
capture that and share it with leaders of the world.
- Ibrahim Thiaw, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Co-Chair of the 4th Global
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, April 10, 2008, Hanoi

As we near the completion of the 4th Global Forum, I think it's evident that a broad consensus
has been reached: the Global Forum has really established its position as the principal
international mechanism for high-level policy dialogue on the oceans, coasts, and islands
agenda, including both reviewing progress being made on the key goals and milestones, and
identifying and following up on strategies to address both ongoing and emerging challenges. The
geographic, cultural, and institutional diversity of the Global Forum participants underscores
both the complexity and cross-cutting nature of ocean and coastal issues, as well as the broad
commitment of stakeholders at all levels to jointly tackle the most serious issues facing the
world's oceans, coasts, and islands systems.
- Andy Hudson, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), on behalf of Veerle
Vandeweerd, Director, Environment and Energy Group, United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), April 10, 2008, Hanoi


I certainly learned a lot here [at the 4th Global Conference]. I thought I knew something about
coasts and oceans, but I realized that there's a lot more that I would like to know, but also a lot
more that I need to know, and that is important. Because I'm not illiterate on this, I've been
working with the coasts before, but most of my freshwater friends know even less than I do, and
that brings home to me that this has been a fantastic experience that I hope my freshwater
friends would also get the opportunity to have. One thing that strikes me here is that although we
come from different communities and talk different languages, and I don't understand your

5

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abbreviations and all that, when it comes down to it, we have the same commitments to
development, the same commitment to the Millennium Development Goals and poverty
alleviation, the same to the ecosystems approach. So, in many ways, we want to do the same
thing. We are the same people, we just happen to be two different groups. But we are, in fact,
not that different.
- Dr. Torkil Jonch-Clausen, Managing Director, Danish Hydrological Institute (DHI), and Senior
Adviser, Global Water Partnership, April 10, 2008, Hanoi

The Hanoi conference was the best conference I have attended. The conference presentation
structure was very innovative representing both science and policy on the same stage. All
Plenary Panels were cohesive and gave different perspectives to the topic under
discussion......The Policy Briefs prepared prior to the conference were extremely informative
and enabled more constructive contributions. Most impressive was the fact the high-level
decisionmakers were present and actively engaged throughout the conference.........as this
seldom happens.
-Dr. M.R. Phillips, Head of School, Built and Natural Environment, Faculty of Applied Design
and Engineering, Swansea Institute, University of Wales, United Kingdom

I think the inspiration of the Global Oceans Forum is its own inspiration; it speaks for itself, as
does the energy of Biliana Cicin-Sain and the Global Forum her team. There's been over 400
people here this week, talking about oceans, coasts and islands, sharing information, sharing
views, learning, meeting, brainstorming, building alliances and charting a future. We truly have
seen a spirit of activism.
- Lori Ridgeway, Director General, International Coordination and Policy Analysis, Department
of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, April 10, 2008, Hanoi

There was a clear recognition by members and non members of the [High Seas] Working Group
that the Global Forum has been very helpful with regard to discussions on issues related to
marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.
- Dr. Salvatore Arico, Programme Specialist, Ecological Sciences, United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), April 10, 2008, Hanoi

What is the Global Forum? What is the comparative advantage? It has the capacity to bring
people together. Look at us in this room [during the 4th Global Conference's closing speeches].
We come from very different backgrounds and organizations. So, there is a possibility of forging
alliances with the private sector and the public fora and with global institutions and regional
institutions.
- Dr. Indu Hewawasam, Consultant to The World Bank, April 10, 2008, Hanoi



6

---

We owe you [Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain] for your vision, your leadership, your enthusiasm. From
the Global Forum and I think from the reports, the milestones, the anticipation of the next steps,
we can see the effort that you put into every one of the working groups as well.
- Janot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, Deputy Director and Project Coordinator, International Waters
Learning Exchange and Resource Network, April 10, 2008, Hanoi

Thank you very much to Biliana Cicin-Sain and the Global Forum team. We cannot thank you
enough. You are really the engine behind this [the Global Forum] and I am extremely privileged
to join you for the next years.
- Ibrahim Thiaw, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Co-Chair of the 4th Global
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, April 10, 2008, Hanoi

I'd like to express UNDP's sincerest thanks to...our dear friend Biliana Cicin-Sain, who, I think
it is accurate to say, is the mother of the Global Forum, and she has nurtured it through its birth,
childhood, and the teenage years, to full-fledged adulthood, and the Global Forum's clearly
established role as the most important vehicle, globally, for high-level policy dialogue on the
sustainability challenges that face oceans, coasts, and islands.
- Andy Hudson, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), on behalf of Veerle
Vandeweerd, Director, Environment and Energy Group, United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), April 10, 2008, Hanoi

Other stakeholder comments on the Global Forum may be found in the YouTube personal
interviews carried out during the 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands at
the following sites:
GOC2008 YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/globaloceans2008
GOC2008 Website: http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008/goc2008.htm


7

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1st Steering Committee Meeting

GEF Medium Size Project

" Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS and on
Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Inter-linkages"

UNESCO, Paris, 22 January 2006

---

Page

Report of the Meeting
3


Annex I ­ Agenda
7

Annex II - Report on Implementation of Activities
8


Annex III - Revised Budget
17


Annex IV - Examples of Consultations carried out during the initial
19
period of implementation of the project


Annex V ­ List of Participants
28


























GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 2

---

1.
Opening

The meeting was opened at 14.00 with Mr. Julian Barbière, representative of IOC-
UNESCO, executing agency of the MSP, thanking and welcoming the committee members to the
meeting, on behalf of Dr. Patricio Bernal who was unable to participate. Mr. Barbière gave a brief
summary of the project development process, including the project life span. He noted that this
was a two years project, which started on 26 September 2005.

Mr. Barbière reviewed the role of the project Steering Committee (SC) which is supposed
to meet twice in the lifespan of the project. As articulated in the project document, the SC will
provide guidance; approve work plans, budget and audit reports and provide general oversight of
implementation. The SC will also review and approve project monitoring and evaluation reports.


2.
Adoption of the Agenda

The proposed meeting agenda was reviewed and adopted as presented in Annex I of this
report.


3.
GEF MSP ­ Overview of project components, work programme, outputs, budget
(including modifications), and Monitoring/evaluation requirements

Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, President of ICO and Head of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts
and Islands thanked and welcomed the participants for taking time out of their schedules to attend
this GEF MSP meeting. Dr. Cicin-Sain presented an update on the implementation of activities
under the project as of 22nd January 2006. A copy of this report is attached as Annex II of this
report.

Comments/Questions/Recommendations on Report

Regarding the SIDS Assessment, Ms. Ridgeway, DFO, put a question forward to Dr. Cicin-
Sain regarding the purpose for conducting these assessments, particularly what they are going to
achieve. Mr. Nakamura, UNEP/DGEF, indicated that the project needs to show that the capacity
building need assessment is leading to specific capacity building actions and planning, which are
considered to be impacts of the GEF MSP, further to producing the capacity buidling need
asssessment reports, and also cautioned on the effectiveness of assessments by stating that
although in many instances assessments identify capacity needs often, the national governments
are unable to meet these demands due to their own limited resources. Thus, in many instances
assessments provide little solutions for developing countries. Mr. Nakamura stressed the need to
formulate an integrated and somewhat unique approach towards capacity development for SIDS.

Since the MSP provided support and input into the three regional Workshops organized by
UNDESA on Mauritius Strategy follow up (St. Kitts, Seychelles, and Samoa held during
October/November 2005), it became unnecessary for the MSP to carry out its own regional
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 3

---

meetings (activity 3201 in the budget). It is therefore proposed that the $45,000 allocated under
that line should be reallocated for training activities as described below:

The Global Forum is presently considering two options:
o Organize a senior government official's ocean strategy institute (in collaboration with
the World Bank and the World Bank Institute)
o Support the SIDS Consortium of University particularly enhancing ocean and coastal
management.

The Steering Committee endorsed this proposal.

Regarding the above, and in order to share experiences, it was also suggested that the
Global Forum could contact the United Nations Institute for Training and
Research (UNITAR) as an institution that had undertaken courses in international law for
developing countries.

Mr. Van de Guchte, UNEP/GPA, while supporting the capacity building initiatives of the
Global Forum, informed the meeting that the Bali Plan for Capacity Building and Technology
Transfer adopted by UNEP outlines criteria that will be necessary to undertake capacity needs
assessment.

The meeting stressed the importance of South- South collaboration amongst SIDS. It was
felt that the regions could assist each other in developing and implementing ocean and coastal
programmes (e.g. Pacific can help the Caribbean formulate a regional mechanism on ocean
policy).

There was a suggestion put forward by the meeting that there may be a need to revise the
Global Forum's website in order to make it more informative and interactive, and also provide
links to their partners homepages. Further it was suggested that the Forum should create a
website/page specific to the GEF-MSP so that the Steering Committee and other interested
partners would be able to stay up-to-date regarding activities occurring under the project. Clear
acknowledgement to GEF, UNEP and IOC/UNESCO should be made.

Regarding the suggestion of targeting private donors, Ms. Ridgeway recommended that the
Global Forum should be cautious regarding the involvement of private donors that are being
targeted as many of these entities have their own agendas which may not complement the Global
Forum's agenda.

Budget Modifications

Mr. Barbière reviewed the allocated budget under the project and informed the meeting that
due to the late release of the monies, it is necessary to revise the project activities timeframe. Apart
from line 3201 (see SC decision above), these changes are not substantial in nature, but reflect a
modification in the timing of implementation, and/or a change of modality of execution.

Mr. Nakamura asked for clarification of the role of IOC as a co-executing agency if and
when the bulk of the budget is sub-contracted to ICO. It seems that the IOC is considered to be an
executing agency, which mainly channels funds to ICO. Mr. Barbière noted that the division of
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 4

---

labor between IOC and ICO had been carefully delineated and agreed upon during the project
negotiation, and was shown in a detailed manner in the project's budget. This division of labor
remains unchanged in the proposed modification. In addition, he stressed that IOC is executing
directly 58% of the project activities (in terms of GEF budget).

The SC approved the budget revisions as presented in Annex III of this report.

Project Monitoring and Evaluation Framework

There was discussion among the committee members regarding the procedures for
monitoring and evaluation under the GEF Project. Mr. Barbière stated that whilst the project
outputs are clearly identified, the GEF Project Steering Committee should assist in defining
indicators for measuring the project's outcomes.

Some of the recommendations included forecasting logic model where one projects how
the world will look after 100% implementation of the project, 75% and 50% implementation and
compare the actually outcomes with these projections.


Mr. Freestone suggested that the Project Steering Committee may want to get professional
help, especially as it appeared that there were funds allocated, to conduct the monitoring and
evaluation component. He also recommended that the monitoring and evaluation be undertaken
very early in the project's lifespan. Mr. Freestone was also asked to identify persons who would
be willing to assist in the development of an M&E plan?.

A clarification was made regarding the budget available for monitoring and evaluation.
There are funds devoted for external evaluation at the end of the project (these are held by UNEP
in its capacity of implementing agency) but there are no funds available for the development of
monitoring and evaluation plan.

Still in relation to project monitoring and evaluation, Mr. Nakamura indicated that, given
the nature of the project, it would be very difficult to carry out an M&E activity to trace large
impacts on the ground, but instead the project will be subject to monitoring and evaluation in terms
of its impacts on and the difference the project can make, in the global policy and dialogue during
its duration. This can be achieved by having baseline data, at the start of the project and also
projecting a target. The indicators would be used to determine what the project is achieving along
the spectrum from inception (baseline) to completion (targeted output).


Mr. Nakamura informed the SC that a Project Internal Review (PIR) should be held in
2006and will be organized by the Implementing agency in cooperation with the executing agency.
The project M&E Plan should be developed before the PIR meeting.

There was also discussion about the reporting requirements under the project. The UNEP
has two types of reports under the projects as outlined in the project document between IOC and
UNEP. Progress reports that are to be submitted biannually and financial reports that are to be
submitted quarterly. It was also pointed out that to date, IOC had not submitted such either of these
reports to UNEP.

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 5

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4.
Interactions with International Waters GEF Portfolio, and Strategy for mobilizing co-
financing resources

Collaboration with IW-LEARN

Some participants indicated that they were not aware of IW:LEARN's mandate and as a
result of this the representatives from IW:LEARN gave an overview of the organization,
particularly its role in promoting the Large Marine Ecosystem Projects and how these projects
address wider global ocean related issues.

There was discussion regarding IW:LEARN connection with the MSP project, especially
regarding the $50,000 available for replication mechanism with IW:LEARN. Mr. Sklarew and
Ms. Mendler indicated that IW:LEARN's role is to link with other GEF IW projects to promote
global awareness of these projects beyond the GEF IW community, and also to share
lessons/experiences amongst IW projects. IW:Learn has its own budget item for this and the
US$50,000 allocated under the Global Forum MSP should not need to be transferred to
IW:LEARN but can be used by the executing agencies for the purpose of collaborating with other
GEF IW Projects and IW: LEARN.

Co-financing Resources

Dr. Cicin-Sain informed the meeting that no GEF money is allocated to support for
administrative support for the Global Forum since the GEF funds are primarily allocated to support
the activities and participation of the GEF eligible countries. As a result in 2005 most of the
administrative support for the Global Forum had to come from co-financing. The co-financing
funds that have been committed for 2006, specifically funds coming from IOC had to be used to
defray local conference costs and therefore additional co-financing needs to be raised for 2006.

Dr. Cicin-Sain also informed the meeting that once the Third Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts and Islands was completed that the Global Forum Secretariat would focus its
energies on identifying additional sources of co-financing.

5.
Date and Venue of the Next Meeting

The meeting proposed that the date of the next GEF MSP Steering Committee meeting
would during the GPA-IGR 2 meeting to be held in Beijing, China 16-20 October, 2006.

6.
Adoption of the Report

The minutes of the meeting were sent out to the SC members for their review, after which
it was formally adopted.

7.
Closure

The Meeting was closed at 18.00pm.
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 6

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ANNEX I


AGENDA





1. Opening

2. Adoption of the Agenda

3. GEF MSP- Overview of project components, work programme, outputs, budget (including
modifications), and Monitoring/Evaluation requirement

4. Interactions with International Waters GEF portfolio and Strategy for mobilizing co-
financing resources

5. Date and Venue of the next meeting

6. Adoption of the report

7. Closure





















GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 7

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ANNEX II


Report on Implementation of Activities
(As of January 22, 2006)

(Project start date at IOC--October 2005)


Component 1. Global Forum Conference and Related Activities


1a--Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, including a ministerial segment in
January 2006, and related meetings:

(i) Conference: Travel expenses for about 50 participants (mostly from SIDS, developing countries, and
countries with economies in transition).

(ii) Conference reports preparation and printing.

(iii) Global Forum side events during major international deliberations related to oceans and freshwater in
preparation for the Global Conference, e.g., CSD and ICP.

Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, UNESCO, Paris, to be held on January 23-
28, 2006

No. of registered participants: 365 (expect 400+) from 78 countries; 52 of 78 countries are either
SIDS, developing, or economies in transition (66%)
No. of GEF-MSP supported participants-
From SIDS, developing, and economies in transition countries: 41
From developed countries: 6
No. of Ministers and other high-level government officials: 30


1b--Assessing capacity building needs for the development and implementation of national ocean
policies among developing countries in three regions:

(i) Three regional assessments conducted to identify and address capacity building needs on ocean
governance in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and East Asia.

Contacted IOCARIBE (Latin America), PEMSEA (East Asia), and NEPAD (Africa) to carry out the
assessments

Terms of Reference being finalized (see attached draft TOR).

In addition to these three capacity assessments (which will be underway shortly), the Global Forum has
already carried out rapid assessments of capacity building needs in 4 SIDS regions (see Component 2) (with
the assessments available in Capacity Building volume in the conference packets).

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 8

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Also, as part of The Ocean Policy Summit in Lisbon, representatives of the Community of Portuguese-
Speaking Nations (CPLP) (8 nations) met in the Workshop on the Seas of the CPLP and outlined the
capacity building needs of these countries as well as a strategy for addressing these needs. This report is
found in the Capacity Building volume in the conference packets.

In addition, efforts will be made to also carry out capacity building assessments in other important coastal
regions where little work on capacity building has taken place, e.g., Eastern Europe and CIS, Middle East,
South Asia.

The advice of the Steering Committee in identifying possible sources of support for mobilizing assessments
in these regions is kindly requested.

1c--Increasing public awareness on oceans, coasts, and islands through the development and
dissemination of: (a) a package of public information materials; (b) a global directory of
nongovernmental organizations related to oceans, coasts, and SIDS; c) Global Forum Newsletter; and
(c) web-based information on advancements on oceans, coasts, and islands targets:

(i) 3,000 copies of a package of public information materials printed and disseminated through networks of
educational and public awareness organizations (e.g., museums and aquaria).
(ii) Global directory of ocean NGOs completed and made available both in electronic and hardcopy form.
(iii) Global Forum Newsletter produced and disseminated electronically every three months (8 issues).
(iv) Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands website updated quarterly, enhanced, and maintained.

Engaged NAUSICAA and the World Ocean Network to carry out this activity. A framework for public
information activities in support of Global Forum goals and objectives has been developed (please see long-
term plan leaflet, in conference packets).

Draft NGO directory has been completed and is currently under review by Global Forum Steering
Committee.

Two issues of the Global Forum newsletter have been produced and distributed electronically.

Regarding the website, globaloceans.org, uploaded extensive information related to the TOPS 2005 The
Ocean Policy Summit, and the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.

A major overhaul of the website is planned in 2006, in cooperation with partners such as the World Bank,
IOC, UNEP/GPA, and IW:LEARN.


1d--Organizational enhancement and strategic planning for the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands:
(i) Organizational structure of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands redesigned, including
through the participation of additional participants from developing countries, SIDS, and countries with
economies in transition, private sector and business representatives, and freshwater representatives; the
appointment of regional leaders; and the creation of thematic roundtables.
(ii) Global Forum Steering Committee strategic planning meetings (one per year).
(iii) A ten-year strategic plan for the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands completed.
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 9

---

Global Forum Steering Committee meeting held on October 9, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal
No. of Global Forum Steering Committee members who participated in the meeting: 40

Global Forum Steering Committee meeting held on June 8, 2006, in New York, during UNICPOLOS
meeting, members participating 35.

Additional participants have been invited to the Global Forum Steering Committee.

Beginning to scope out 10 year strategic plan.

The Ocean Donors Roundtable has been created, had an inaugural meeting at the Lisbon Conference,
and is slated to meet at the Global Conference (see list in the Global Conference Program).
The Donors Roundtable of the Global Forum brings together public and private donors on oceans to:
1) share information on existing funding programs on oceans, 2) consider global needs for funding for
ocean conservation and management efforts, 3) discuss alternatives for filling gaps in global oceans
funding, 4) possibly devise approaches for public-private funding for global ocean priorities.

The Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable has been created, had an inaugural meeting at the
Lisbon Conference, and is slated to meet at the Global Conference (see list in the Global Conference
Program). The Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable of the Global Forum brings together key
leaders from ocean industries around the world. The initial effort is focused on examining: 1) the
contribution of each major ocean industry to the global economy, 2) the trends and challenges each
major ocean industry will be facing in the next decade, 3) in particular, the environmental and social
challenges each ocean industry will be facing, 4) approaches to addressing the emerging
environmental and social challenges ocean industries will be facing, and 5) the possible involvement
of industry interests in the implementation of the global oceans agenda and in the work of the Global
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.

A Ministerial Roundtable will meet during the Global Conference and consider, inter alia, the
question of whether a standing informal Ministerial Roundtable on oceans would be desirable.


Component 2. SIDS

Preparatory activity by Global Forum, with co-financing from partners. Together with SIDS leaders,
agencies, donors, and NGOs to plan for follow-up for implementation of Mauritius commitments.

Consultations with various organizations and experts were undertaken, including AOSIS, UNDESA,
UNDOALOS, IW:LEARN, World Bank, and IOI in preparation for this work.

2a--Preparing and disseminating a policy analysis paper on the implementation of ocean policies and
ecosystem-based approaches in SIDS and the implementation of the coastal and marine resources section
of the Barbados Programme of Action, of the SIDS section of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,
and of the outcomes of the Mauritius International Meeting

(i) A multidisciplinary task force established, including experts from developing countries for the
development of implementation strategies of the outcomes of the Mauritius SIDS International Meeting in
the three main SIDS regions (Pacific, Caribbean, and AIMS), including assessment of capacity building
needs.
(ii) Preparation, printing, and dissemination of the strategy on SIDS and post-Mauritius implementation.

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 10

---

In consultation with AOSIS, UNDESA, and regional contacts from the three SIDS regions, SIDS
experts were engaged to carry out rapid assessments on the status of ocean and coastal
management in each region, in consultation with other regional experts and stakeholders.
Their reports became part of the input to the regional SIDS workshops organized by
UNDESA as a follow-up to the Mauritius International Meeting in St. Kitts, Seychelles, and
Samoa (therefore, it became unnecessary for the Global Forum to carry out its own regional
meetings).

Four rapid assessments were carried out: in the Pacific region, in the AIMS region (separate
reports prepared for the Indian Ocean and for the Atlantic SIDS), and for the Caribbean.
Please see the volume on Capacity Development in the conference packet for a copy of the
rapid assessments.

Efforts are now being made to help mobilize resources and know-how to begin to respond to
the needs identified in the rapid assessments. This might include redirection of GEF funds
originally targeted to the carrying out of regional workshops toward specific implementation
activities (for example, creation of Ocean Strategy training for high-level decision makers
from SIDS at the World Bank Institute, strengthening of the ocean and coastal management
curricula of the newly formed (at the Mauritius International Meeting) Consortium of SIDS
Universities.

2b--Convening panels on national and regional ocean policies in SIDS at the September 2005
International Conference on National and Regional Ocean Policies:
(i) Panels on ocean policies in SIDS organized at the 2005 International Conference on National and
Regional Ocean Policies, including a training component, with the participation of no less than 20 SIDS
representatives.
(ii) Conference report: Preparation, printing and dissemination in various fora/mailings.

At the TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit, Lisbon, Portugal, October 10-14, 2005, there were 3
panel sessions with SIDS participation.

Side meeting of SIDS participants conducted to discuss implementation of the Mauritius Strategy on
October 10, 2005.

At the Lisbon conference, there were 218 participants who represented 53 countries, from
governments, regional organizations, UN agencies, academia, non- governmental
organizations, donor agencies, and industry representatives.

An Oceans Strategy Workshop for SIDS, developing, and economies in transition countries was
conducted on October 14, 2005 (please see the attached leaflet)
No. of participants: 60
No. of SIDS participants: 22
No. of lecturers and resource persons: 21

In consultation with AOSIS, UNDESA, UNDOALOS, IW:LEARN, US NOAA Coastal Services
Center, the International Ocean Institute, SOPAC, the World Bank, The Nature
Conservancy, and the World Ocean Network (members of the Global Forum Capacity Building
Task Force), the Workshop focused on:
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 11

---

1. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf delimitation and management
2. Multilateral Environmental Agreement negotiations (MEA)
3. Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-Based Activities (GPA)

2c--Convening a capacity building workshop on national ocean policies for SIDS in Suva, Fiji, in late 2005
or early 2006:
(i) Capacity building workshop on national ocean policy for SIDS organized with the participation of no
less than 20 experts and policy makers.

(ii) Report from the workshop prepared and disseminated at relevant ocean and freshwater fora.

This is now being planned, taking into account the results of the SIDS' rapid assessments.


Component 3. GPA and Interlinkages to Water

3a--Preparing and disseminating policy analyses on the implementation of the GPA and the fostering of
freshwater-coastal-marine interlinkages through integrated coastal area and river basin management:

(i) Preparation of a policy analysis on GPA implementation highlighting successful cases of
freshwater-coastal-marine interlinkages, and contributing to preparations for the GPA IGR-2.

(ii) EPOMEX/SEMARNAT/CCA host workshop on freshwater-coast-marine interlinkages in Mexico, also
furthering ties with the World Water Forum.
(iii) 1000 copies of the policy analysis paper prepared and disseminated at relevant ocean and freshwater
fora.

A Task Force on Linking Freshwater to Oceans has been organized to carry out the activities under
Component 3, composed of experts from UNEP-GPA, U.S. NOAA, Consejo Consultivo del Agua,
Mexico, SEMARNAT, Mexico, Centro EPOMEX, Mexico, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, and
Global Forum Secretariat (see list of members on page 19 of the Paris conference leaflet).

A workshop on Linking Freshwater to Oceans was held on January 10-11, 2006 in Mexico City,
organized by the Consejo Consultivo del Agua, Mexico; SEMARNAT, Mexico, and Centro EPOMEX
(please see attached workshop report).
No. of participants: 39
Developing country participants: 29

3b--Organization of oceans panels at the 4th World Water Forum in Mexico in 2006 for the formulation of
a cooperation agenda:
(i) 2 panels on ocean issues organized at the 4th World Water Forum: travel for 6 participants.
(ii) Reports from the panels disseminated at relevant oceans and freshwater fora.
(iii) Memorandum of understanding for collaboration between the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands and the World Water Forum and associated institutions developed and signed.

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 12

---

Four panel sessions were submitted to the 4th WWF organizers, one was accepted, to be organized in
collaboration with UNEP-GPA.

Consulted with the Global Water Partnership (Emilio Gabrielli) regarding possible collaboration of
the Global Forum with the GWP. GWP Chair Margaret Carlsson will be participating in the Global
Oceans Conference, and there are plans to meet with GWP at the 4WWF to develop a joint program
of collaboration.

At the Mexico workshop on Linking Freshwater to Oceans, the notion of creating a collaborative
work between the Global Forum and the Global Water Partnership to promote the linkage between
freshwater and oceans through global action (such as guidance and models) and through specific
regional projects was endorsed. Also discussed was the possibility of linking the GWP's existing
regional structure with the emerging regional structure of the Global Forum.

The feedback of the GEF MSP Steering Committee in securing funds for a collaborative program
between GWP and the Global Forum is kindly solicited.


Component 4. Monitoring and Evaluation

4a--Monitoring and evaluation:

(i) One evaluation meeting involving project staff and selected Steering Committee members.

(ii) External evaluation at the end of the project.

(iii) Replication mechanism with IW:Learn established

Consultations were held between the Global Forum and IW:LEARN on how to carry out this
activity, including how to maximize participation of GEF International Waters projects in the Paris
global oceans conference.

A special interest of the Global Forum is to explore how existing LME projects could be involved in
responding to the capacity building needs identified through the ongoing assessments of capacity
building needs in 7 regions.

Project Management

Project management:

(i) Project management. GEF financing includes partial support for project management (8% of GEF
financing for management fees). Co-finance covers partial support for project management, administrative
support, and facilities.

These funds are held at the IOC and support staff is being mobilized for this purpose.

Additional Activities Carried Out

· Organization of side event (June 10, 2005) and distribution of Global Forum reports
at the UNICPOLOS, June 2005.
· Participation of the Global Forum in the GEF International Waters Conference in
Bahia, Brazil, June 2005.
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 13

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_____________________________________________________________________

Additional Information Regarding the GEF MSP

1) Additional co-financing obtained

For Preliminary SIDS Work (Rapid Assessments): US$ 37,000 from DFO, Canada received
in April 2005.

For the TOPS 2005 Lisbon Conference
1. Luso-American Development Foundation: 20,000E, venue for meeting, and lunch for the
Ocean Donors Roundtable and the Business and Industry Leaders Roundtable
2. The Nippon Foundation: $50,000
3. US NOAA, Coastal Services Center: $25,000
4. Local in-kind and cash support:
· Ministry of National Defense and Maritime Affairs, Portugal
· Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Portugal
· Port Authority of Lisbon
· Secretary of State for Maritime Affairs, Portugal
· Oceanário de Lisboa
· Associação Industrial Portuguesa
· Banco Espiritu Santo
· Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
· Fundação Oriente
· Fundação Stanley Ho

For the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
1. Hosting of a reception by the Ministry of Environment and Territories, Italy
2. Local support was provided by a number of organizations that formed part of the Local
Organizing Committee for the Conference (please see list in the conference program), who
were called on to
·
Ensure that the conference topics are useful to the European participants in their
effort to implement WSSD and MDG targets on oceans and coasts, including
development and implementation of integrated national ocean policies;
·
Take the leadership in addressing some of the issues being posited at the Paris
conference; and
·
Mobilize parties, groups, or organizations to collaborate on addressing these issues.


2) Consultations Undertaken

The Global Forum has undertaken consultations with the Alliance of Small Island States and with
the G-77 to foster the involvement of SIDS and developing countries in Global Forum activities.
A meeting with G-77 countries was organized in collaboration with the G-77 Coordinator, the
Permanent Representative of Jamaica to the United Nations, in June 2005 at the ICP-5, to seek
their input and participation in the organization of the Third Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands, and the TOPS 2005 The Ocean Policy Summit. There were 13 G-77 countries
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 14

---

represented during the meeting. Minutes of this meeting and consultations with other interests are
detailed in the Appendix.


Issues for discussion from the point of view of the Global Forum Secretariat

Financial: No GEF funds have reached the Global Forum Secretariat to date. A contract has
been signed and funds are on the way (once all the documents are received from ICO).

Lack of funding for Global Forum Secretariat personnel which is carrying out the bulk of the
activities. The only funds devoted to personnel in 2005 have come from co-financing. There are
no co-financing funds to devote to personnel in 2006. Slated co-financing funds from the IOC
have had to be diverted to support the local costs of the Global Conference.

How should the collaboration with IW:LEARN be operationalized further?.

Some of the items in the budget. should be shifted to reflect late release of funds (see attached).

For 2006-2007, in addition to activities already planned, there will be other activities emanating
from the needs identified at the Global Conference. Additional resources will need to be raised
to support these.
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 15

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Project Implementation Plan























GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 16

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ANNEX III

REVISED BUDGET



BUDGET in UNEP Format






REVISION I
GEF FINANCING



Modifications
2005 2006 2007
Total




June-Dec
Jan-Dec Jan-May

10PROJECT PERSONNEL COMPONENT





1200Consultants

ICO
1201Consultant for SIDS Multidisciplinary task force (2ai)
3,000 6,000
6,000 15,000


1299Sub-Total
6,000
6,000 15,000





1300Administrative Support

IOC
1301Project Management -Secretarial Assisstant
3,000 45,000
21,600 69,600


1399Sub-Total
45,000
21,600 69,600





1600Travel on Official Business

ICO
1601Travel to side events (ICP, CSD,etc)
2,500 2,500
5,000


1602Travel at SC meetings ($2500 each)
5,000 5,000
10,000

1699Sub-Total
7,500 7,500
15,000





1999Component Total
13,500 58,500
27,600 99,600




20SUB-CONTRACT COMPONENT





2100Sub-Contracts with cooperating agencies (UN Agency)

2199Sub-Total









2200Sub-Contracts with supporting organisation (NGOs, Govts.)

IOC
2201Contract with NEPAD, IOCARIBE, PEMSEA (1bi)

45,000
45,000



on CB needs for NOP development (15,000$ each)
-

IOC
2202Contract for public info. Package (1ci) with WON
35,000
35,000

ICO
2203Contract with ICO for :
-



Global Directory of NGOs (1cii)

10,000
5,000 15,000



Global Forum Newsletter produced every 3 months
18,750
6,250 25,000



Global Forum Website upgrade and maintenance
23,000
7,000 30,000



Regional Leads (1di)
10,000
10,000



Devlpt of 10 year strategic Plan for the Global Forum
10000
15,000 25,000



GPA Task Force Analysis (3ai)
45,000
45,000



WWForum Session -6 participants (3bi)

20,000
20,000



Travel Cost for MOU with WWF
7,000
3,000 10,000



Travel to GPA IGR2

15,000
15,000



Roundtable Donors (1di) Travel

7,500
7,500



Roundtable Private sector (1di) Travel

7,500
7,500



Travel cost for 3 SIDS Task Force consultation
25,000
25,000



Global Conference reports (preparation and
30,000
30,000



Preparation and Printing Materials for Side events
3,000
2,000 5,000



Preparation/Printing SIDS Strategy and Post Mauritius
30,000
30,000



Preparation and Printing Lisbon Conference reports
30,000
30,000



Suva Workshop report prepared and printed (2cii)
20,000
20,000



Preparation and Printing of GPA Policy Analysis
20,000
20,000



Printing WWF Panel reports (3bii)
15,000
15,000





IOC
2204Contract with Water Commission/IPN/ Epomex
30,000
30,000






IOC
2205Contract -Replication mechanism with IW Learn (4a)
25,000
25,000 50,000

2299Sub-Total
30,000 451,750
63,250 545,000




GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 17

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2300Sub-Contracts with commercial organisations





2399Sub-Total





2999Component Total
30,000 451,750
46,250 545,000


30TRAINING COMPONENT


3200 Group-Training/workshops
IOC
3201Workshops on SIDS Task Force (18 participants)
45,000
45,000



(reallocated SIDS Training activity)
IOC

3202SIDS Capacity building Workshop, (20
50,000
50,000



(in three regions)


3299Sub-Total
-
95,000

95,000





3300 Meetings/Conferences

IOC
3301Travel expenses to Global Conference (1ai)

140,000
140,000



40 participants at 3500$ each
-
IOC
3304Project and Global Forum Steering Committee
15,000
15,000
30,000



Travel Project Director/Assistant & Dev.countries
-
IOC
3305Travel at the Lisbon Conference, October 2005
85,000
85,000



30 participants ($2833/each)
-


3399Sub-Total
155,000
15,000
255,000




-
3999
Component Total
85,000 250,000 15,000 350,000






40EQUIPMENT AND PREMISES COMPONENT












50MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENT








99GRAND TOTAL

128,500
760,250
88,850
994,600





















GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 18

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ANNEX IV

Examples of Consultations carried out during the initial period of implementation of
the project (after the April 2005 approval of the project), June-July 2005


1. Developing countries.

--Consultation with the Group of 77 took place at the UNICPOLOS in New York (June 7, 2005)
(please see attached minutes of the meeting).

Consultations with subgroups of G77 countries. These will be organized with key leaders in the
major regions. A consultation with NEPAD, Ali Mohammed, was held at the International Waters
Conference in Brazil, June 2007.

--Consultations with the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) representatives of the AOSIS
Bureau: Meeting with Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, Tuvalu and AOSIS Vice-Chair, Rene Nunez,
Belize, Amandrao Hurree, Mauritius, and supporting staff, at the UN (April 12, 2005); Meeting
with Ambassador Jagdish Koonjul (June 7, 2005). Very positive feedback and advice, AOSIS
would like to be intimately involved in the conduct of the project.

--Consultations with Portuguese-speaking countries. A number of visits with the ambassadors
from these countries were made during UNICPOLOS by Isabel Noronha (Global Forum volunteer)
to organize a special session for these countries at the Lisbon conference. Contacts were also
made by Ms. Noronha with UNDESA and with the UN Special Representative on Least
Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States.for
funding to support the poorest nations, such as East Timor.

2. UN organizations.

--Met with UNDESA SIDS unit twice (Diane Quarless and Espen Ronnenberg) and learned of
several workshops that UNDESA is mobilizing to chart out post-Mauritius directions and agreed to
closely coordinate our efforts.
Subsequent meeting with Ms. Quarless and Mr. Ronnenberg to seek their advice on the Global
Conference during UNDESA regional meeting in St. Kitts in October 2005; also periodic
conference calls held with this office.

--Met with UNDOALOS about the training-workshop component of the Lisbon Conference
(please see minutes of the meetings)

--Representatives from the major ocean-related UN agencies all participated in the June 8 meeting
of the Global Forum Steering Committee and at the October 9 meeting of the Global Forum
Steering Committee in Lisbon.

3. Countries with economies in transition. Please note that while the project involves a number
of assessments of capacity building needs in ocean and coastal management in SIDS, Latin
America, Africa, and Asia, there is no corresponding assessment plan for the important region of
East Europe and related areas. To also address these issues, we have engaged the help of two
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 19

---

Ukranian environment/development specialists (as interns) to assess perspectives on needs in the
region and in identifying key leaders in the region. We will also be discussing with the World
Bank's East Europe division the possibility of joint efforts in capacity assessment since there is a
strong interest in the World Bank in enhancing capacity in this region (Rita Cestti). We look
forward to discussing these issues with the GEF projects in the region.

4. Bilateral consultations.

--United States: 1) NOAA: Margaret Davidson, Coastal Services Center; Tom Laughlin,
International Affairs; Clement Lewsey, International Programs Office, Richard Spinrad (head of
National Ocean Service) (April through June 2005); 2) Department of State: David Balton,
Maggie Hayes, Conny Arvis, May 2005)

--Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada: Donna Petrachenko (on APEC effort), June 10,
2005; Lori Ridgeway, Rene Sauve, Camille Mageau, Anne Frennette, June 8, 2005, and during
other days at UNICPOLOS)

--Portugal: Mario Ruivo, Intersectoral Ocean Commission, Ministry of Science and Higher
Education; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Port Authority of Lisbon, Luso-American Foundation,
April 2005.

--France: Mr. Christophe Le Visage, Chargé de Mission, Secrétariat Général de la Mer (April
2005) and Elie Jamache, director of the Secretariat de la Mer, June 9, 2005.

--United Kingdom: discussion with John Roberts, DEFRA, June 9, 2005.

5. Consultations with NGO.
--Sylvia Earle, Conservation International (CI) (March 29). CI agreed to co-chair the first meeting
of the Ocean Donors Roundtable in Lisbon.

--Lee Kimball, John Waugh, Kristen Sherwood, IUCN (March 29). Also David VanderZwaag
(IUCN Marine Law network) and Christina Gjerde (IUCN) during UNICPOLOS, especially
regarding issues related to high seas governance to be addressed at the Global Conference.

6. Consultations regarding organized science interests and emerging issues on which there has
been extensive science discussion but little policy dialogue

--Jane Lubchenco, president of the International Council of Scientific Unions (April 5), and Sharon
Roberts/Alan Sielen, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (US) (March 30. Lubchenco noted
how to approach ICSU to participate in the Global Forum and is willing to act as a facilitator. The
NAS colleagues detailed the main scientific groups that should be involved, and discussed an
Academy study on assessing capacity building needs, on a global basis, on ocean science and
management (with funding from the Moore Foundation).



7. Consultation with private donors
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 20

---

Meeting with Barry Gold, Packard Foundation (April 5). Meeting with Luso-American
Foundation several times (April to June 2005), to shape the Ocean Donors Roundtable and the
Business and Ocean Leaders Roundtable..

8. Consultation with private sector groups

--Met with Paul Holthus, Executive Director of the Marine Aquarium Council, May 2005, who is
facilitating the formation of the Industry Roundtable.
_____________________________________________________________________

Meeting of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands with the Group of 77
June 7, 2005
Conference Room 5, United Nations, New York

The meeting was presided over by Mrs. Norma Taylor Roberts, Deputy Permanent Representative,
Permanent Mission of Jamaica to the United Nations, on behalf of H.E. Ambassador Stafford Neil.
Drs. Veerle Vandeweerd, Coordinator of the UNEP Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities and Biliana Cicin-Sain, Director
of the Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware, Co-Chairs of the
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, made a presentation about the Global Forum and its
programme of work in 2005-2007.

Present were the representatives of Uruguay, Peru, Guatemala, Jamaica, Belize, Trinidad &
Tobago, Bahamas, Nigeria, Zambia, South Africa, Thailand, India, and Saudi Arabia.

After welcoming the representatives, Mrs. Roberts gave the floor to Drs. Vandeweerd and Cicin-
Sain. Dr. Vandeweerd gave a brief introduction about the Global Forum, how and when it was
created, its role in the inclusion of oceans in the WSSD agenda, and subsequent activities directed
towards fostering dialogue towards the implementation of WSSD targets on oceans and coasts. She
also elaborated on the work that the Global Forum is doing in assisting small island developing
States in addressing oceans and coasts issues as mandated by the Barbados Programme of Action
and further endorsed by Mauritius Strategy. Dr. Vandeweerd also spoke about the work of the
UNEP-GPA and the Regional Seas Programme in addressing the WSSD targets on oceans and
coasts.

Dr. Cicin-Sain, on behalf of the Global Forum, invited the G-77 representatives to participate in
the planning and conduct of the Paris conference, which aims to mobilize high-level policy
attention on implementation of the global oceans agenda and provide a broad-based multi-
stakeholder process (involving experts from governments, international and intergovernmental
agencies, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the development assistance
community) to address oceans, coasts, and small island developing States issues through a cross-
sectoral approach. The G-77 countries will be asked to provide their input as to the issues that the
Conference should be addressing.

Dr. Cicin-Sain also invited the meeting participants to participate in the International Conference
on Integrated Ocean Policy to be held on October 10-14, 2005. The Conference will draw lessons
from the experiences of 23 countries and 3 regions of the world which have moved toward
integrated oceans management. She also requested the meeting participants to provide advice on
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 21

---

the development of a Donors Roundtable; an Industry Roundtable; and capacity building,
especially in the identification of the most pressing needs for long-term institutional development
and capacity building in integrated ocean management for G-77 countries.

After the above presentations, a number of meeting participants gave their viewpoints about the
forthcoming work of the Global Forum and their response to the invitation put forward.

Ms. Elaine Velasquez, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Peru, expressed her interest in the Global
Forum and its activities and she would like to send her comments more extensively by email. She
talked about a major problem which is the lack of coordination among organizations at the national
level in addressing oceans and coasts issues and how important it is to have an integrated ocean
policy. She also talked about identifying what resources are needed in order to implement such a
policy; developing a strategy on how to approach the donors perhaps by putting together a
collaborative initiative which addresses common interests among G-77 countries; and also how the
Regional Seas Programmes can be a venue for discussion of such initiatives.

Ms. Laleta Davis-Mattis, NEPA, Jamaica, stated that many countries have been attempting to
develop ocean policies. A number of countries have succeeded but remained challenged by
implementation and institutionalization. Engaging local governments and agencies to cooperate in
implementation is particularly difficult. Likewise, there is very little success in engaging the
regulated as well as the regulators.

Mr. Okon E. Isong, Nigeria, pointed out that capacity building activities are always an incentive
for countries to participate in development initiatives, since without capacity, conventions and
other intergovernmental agreements will not be implemented. He further recommended that since
capacity starts from awareness, capacity building can be started by implementing environmental
education at the primary level. People need to be sensitized on ocean and coastal issues from a
young age. He noted that NEPAD is part of the Global Forum's initiative and mentioned that
NEPAD is the right channel through which initiatives can be brought to Africa because capacity
building is among its major focus areas.

Drs. Vandeweerd and Cicin-Sain responded to each comment reiterating their appreciation for the
opportunity to discuss Global Forum activities among the G-77 countries, and requesting for a
continued dialogue on the Global Forum program of work.

The meeting came to a close with closing remarks by Mrs. Roberts, thanking Drs. Vandeweerd and
Cicin-Sain for their presentations and invitation to the G-77 countries to participate in the Global
Forum activities.
_____________________________________________________________________
Minutes of the Capacity Building Meeting with UNDOALOS, UNDESA, AOSIS,
IW:LEARN, and Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands
June 1, 2005, UN DOALOS Conference Room, New York


Present were:
Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, Tuvalu and AOSIS
Dr. Vladimir Golitsyn, UNDOALOS
Ms. Gertrude Blake, UNDOALOS
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 22

---

Ms. Alice Hicuburundi, UNDOALOS
Mr. Vladimir Jares, UNDOALOS
Ms. Diane Quarless, UNDESA
Ms. Anne Rogers, UNDESA
Ms. Janot Mendler, IW: LEARN
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, University of Delaware, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands
Dr. Miriam Balgos, University of Delaware, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands
Ms. LaVerne Walker, UNDOALOS-Nippon Foundation Fellow

The meeting commenced at approximately 2:30 PM with Dr. Vladimir Golitsyn, Director,
UNDOALOS thanking everyone for their attendance. Dr. Cicin-Sain thanked Dr. Golitsyn for
agreeing to host the meeting at UNDOALOS. She then gave a brief overview of the Global Forum
on Oceans, Coasts and Islands, including what the Forum has been able to accomplish to date, as
well as, an overview on their proposed work program for the period 2005-2007. Once this was
done participants were then invited to comment on the presentation and to also indicate how the
Forum's work would complement their work.

Comments Dr. Vladimir Golitsyn, UNDOALOS

Dr. Golitsyn began by giving an overview of the capacity building work that UNDOALOS has
been undertaking. He indicated that apart from acting as the secretariat to the UNCLOS,
UNDOALOS was also responsible for assisting countries in developing capacities to allow them to
better implement the Convention. In light of the above, UNDOALOS has implemented a capacity
building component that works to assist countries in the submission of the coordinates of their
maritime and continental shelf boundaries with the coordinator of the capacity building program
being Ms. Gertrude Blake. He indicated that the UNDOALOS has had initial workshops in a
number of regions (Indian Ocean, West Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean) where they have
attempted to determine the needs of the States in relation to UNCLOS and then provide them with
the training that they require. These workshops have focused on EEZ delimitation and continental
shelf delimitation, and technical materials (e.g., manuals) have been produced through this work.

He also indicated that policy makers also need to be sensitized towards the importance of the
Convention as well as the technical persons, and he referred to programs that have been developed
by UNEP that are targeted at decision makers.

UNDOALOS also indicated its willingness to assist countries in the development of EEZ
legislation; however this can at times be a challenge due to the UNDOALOS lack of financial
resources.

Dr. Golitsyn also reiterated that the UNDOALOS has also formed partnership arrangements with
other organizations in assisting States in implementing the articles under UNCLOS. He also
indicated that UNDOALOS was willing to collaborate with the Global Forum in the one-day
training workshop in Lisbon in October, as UNDOALOS has already developed methodology that
can be used for training.

Comments from Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, Tuvalu and AOSIS

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 23

---

Ambassador Sopoaga thanked Dr. Cicin-Sain for the work that she is doing especially due to its
relevance to small island developing States (SIDS). He also indicated that the work of the Global
Forum should support the work of AOSIS. He went on to state that although the Pacific Islands
are known for the regional ocean policy, not much work has been done by island States to develop
national ocean policies and indicated that this area would be an especially important one for Global
Forum activities.

The Ambassador also indicated that island states continue to face many challenges with regards to
ocean management, and noted the following priorities for training:
· Waste management- particularly the disposal of waste generated by the cruise tourism
industry
· Continental shelf delimitation and EEZ delimitation
· Negotiation skills- suggested that manuals on negotiation in ocean matters be produced and
distributed to SIDS.
· Ecosystem approach- the shift towards new paradigms is having serious implications to
SIDS in how they manage their ocean resources, and these concepts need to be better
understood and operationalized.

Ambassador Sopoaga also suggested that the word "implementation" should be changed to
"development" on page 7 of the Global Forum agenda document to reflect that most SIDS have yet
to develop national ocean policies.

Comments Ms. Anne Rogers and Ms. Diane Quarless, UNDESA

Ms. Rogers asked for clarification on what appeared to be a myriad of tasks forces developed by
the Forum to address ocean related issues. She also indicated that she was a bit concerned about
the proliferation of all the different initiatives that have been proposed by the Forum and expressed
concern that the Forum could lose focus. Ms. Rogers also indicated that it was important that
synergies among agencies be identified.

Ms. Rogers and Ms. Quarless also listed initiatives that UNDESA is working on in ocean issues:
· Three priority areas identified in operationalizing the Mauritius strategy include:
o Capacity building
o Mobilization of resources
o Coordination
· UNDESA is dealing with a very extensive program that involves other UN organizations,
IGOs and regional programs working towards the implementation of the Mauritius
Strategy.
· UNDESA indicated that they would be undertaking an analysis of the Mauritius and BPoA
targets with regards to what is still pending by SIDS in implementing these strategies.
· Proposed UN system meeting in June to attempt to operationalise the Mauritius Strategy.
· Once this initiative has been completed, UNDESA will launch a program in August that
will review the status of the SIDS in achieving the goals set out under the Mauritius
Strategy. Meetings will be held in the three SIDS regions later in the year: August-
Caribbean (St. Kitts/Nevis); October-AIMS (Seychelles); and November-Pacific (Samoa).

Ms. Quarless also indicated that in many respects, in relation to SIDS, the work of the Forum and
the work of UNDESA were very complementary and suggested that the two organizations work
GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 24

---

together in preparing and organizing these SIDS regional meetings. It was also suggested that
because of these overlaps UNDESA should concentrate on working with governments, whilst the
Global Forum could concentrate on working with civil society.

UNDESA suggested that the organizations maximize the opportunities at bringing government
delegates around the same table, as often as possible especially in SIDS as government offices are
very small and the amount of time persons spend out of State impacts on the productivity of their
work programs. Thus, to ensure that the benefits of attending workshops are accrued, it was
suggested that organizations try and co-ordinate their efforts as much as possible.

Dr. Cicin-Sain noted that the Global Forum effort could concentrate on oceans and coasts issues
(broadly defined to include ocean and coastal management and related areas) and feed that work
directly into the UNDESA workshops, and not organize additional workshops.

Comments Ms. Janot-Reine Mendler de Suarez, IW: LEARN

Ms. Mendler also reiterated the importance of coordinating activities amongst agencies. She
suggested that the Forum should consider mainstreaming the ocean and coastal agenda into the
Sustainable Development Agenda. She also recommended that the Forum work with organizations
like the Global Water Initiative.

Ms. Mendler indicated that the objective of IW:LEARN is to increase participation and to promote
structured learning. Some of the work that is presently being undertaken by IW:LEARN includes:
· The development of an LME-E Forum that targets national managers, which was built
under the GEF International Water Policy. For more information on this, she suggested
that we visit www.iwlearn.net
· River Basin Projects with partners including UNESCO, IUCN
· Lakenet
· Generation of Information Resources

Ms. Mendler also indicated that one of the objectives of IW:LEARN was that countries are able to
apply many of the new approaches that they learn at training workshops, in other words, ensuring
that they can practically use and implement the knowledge that they have attained back in their
home countries. She indicated that to address this issue IW:LEARN is working with University of
Rhode Island to develop new courses and will like to ensure that the material is available to SIDS
and will be made available to the SIDS Consortium of Universities when completed for their use.

Ms. Mendler then went on to indicate some workshops and programs that have been developed by
IW:LEARN and their partners and how the material may be useful to both the Forum and the
UNDESA. She also suggested that IW:LEARN and the Forum could work together to raise the
profile of GEF-LME projects. She indicated that if allowed at the upcoming Paris Conference in
January, 2006, IW:LEARN will be willing to premier a "lessons learned" video on the LME
projects and is also open to having a seminar in which representatives from other LME projects
could discuss many of the issues raised in the video and their own lessons learnt from the project
implementation.

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 25

---

Comments Ms. Gertrude Blake, UNDOALOS

Ms. Blake reiterated the importance of capacity building of States to the Convention and said that
one of the ways that UNDOALOS is building capacity is through their fellowship programs. Ms.
Blake also asked why it appeared that the Global Forum was not looking at assisting African States
as they were not mentioned in the Forum's Agenda. Dr. Cicin-Sain indicated that the Forum
would be working with NEPAD on issues pertaining to the entire African continent.

Ms. Blake also stated that whilst most times, capacity building is geared towards the technical
persons in government, it was also important that the decision makers be sensitized as to the
importance of ocean issues. She suggested that the Global Forum could help guide countries in
seeing the benefits and relevance of them being a party to and implementing the articles of various
MEAs. Training manuals which are simple and straight-forward targeted at decision-makers
should be developed for dissemination to countries.

Closing Remarks
The meeting was brought to a close at 4:45 PM with Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain thanking everyone for
attending and their valuable contributions.

Epilogue
Following the meeting, the Global Forum revised its programme of work on SIDS in the three
regions to indicate that it will be implemented in synergy with those of UNDESA and AOSIS.

The Global Forum also looks forward to working with other partners who were not represented in
the meeting, including the US NOAA Coastal Services Center, the International Ocean Institute,
SOPAC, the World Bank, and the Nature Conservancy.

















GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 26

---

ANNEX V


List of Participants


Mr. Julian Barbiere,

IOC/UNESCO
Mr. David Freestone
1 Rue Miollis
Chief Counsel and Head
75732 Paris Cedex 15
Environmentally and Socially Sustainable
France
Development (ESSD) and
Email: j.barbiere@unesco.org
International Law Group, World Bank

1818 H. Street, NW

Washington D.C. 20433, USA
Mr. Biliana Cicin-Sain,
Email: Dfreestone@worldbank.org
President, International Coastal and Ocean

Organization

Director, Secretariat of the Global Forum on
Mr. Dann Sklarew
Oceans, Coasts and Islands
IW:LEARN
4200 Wisconsin Ave #106-212
Chief Technical Advisor
Washington, D.C. 20016
1630 Connecticut Ave NW
USA
3rd Floor, IUCN-USA
Email: bcs@Udel.edu
Washington, DC 20009

Email: dann@iwlearn.org


Ms. Lori Ridgeway,
Mr. Ralph Cantral
Director General Policy,
National Policy and Evaluation Division
DFO Canada
Office Of Ocean and Coastal Resource
International Coordination and Policy
Management
Analysis
NOAA Ocean Service, N/ORM7
Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 200 Kent St.
1305 East West Highway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6, Canada
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Email: Ridgewayl@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
United States

Email: Ralph.Cantral@noaa.gov

Ms. Renée Sauvé,

DFO Canada
Mr. Cees van de Guchte,
International Oceans Advisor
UNEP-GPA
Oceans Directorate
GPA Coordination Office
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6, Canada
United Nations Environment Programme
e-mail: sauver@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
P O Box 16227, 2500 BE The Hague

The Netherlands

Email: c.vandeguchte@unep.nl
Mr. Takehiro Nakamura

UNEP/DGEF
Ms. Janot Mendler
International Waters
IW Learn

1630 Connecticut Ave NW
P.O.Box 30552
3rd Floor, IUCN-USA
Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
Washington, DC 20009
Email: Takehiro.Nakamura@unep.org
Email: janot@iwlearn.org



GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 27

---

Ms. Miriam Balgos,
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and
Islands
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
College of Marine Studies
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716 USA
Email: mbalgos@udel.edu


Ms. LaVerne Walker,
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and
Islands
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
College of Marine Studies
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716 USA
Email: lavernewalker2000@yahoo.com

GEF MSP Steering Committee, 22 January 2006 page 28

---

Annex 4: Format for Half-yearly Progress Report
As at 30 June and 31 December
(Please attach a current inventory of outputs/Services when submitting this report)

1. Background Information

1.1 Project Number: GFL/2328-2732-4854 GF/3010-05-09
(IOC : 213GLO 2003)

1.2 Project Title: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-
Coastal-Marine interlinkdages

1.3 Division/Unit: UNEP/DGEF

1.4 Coordinating Agency or Supporting Organization (if relevant):

Executing Agency : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
UNESCO
1,
rue
Miollis
75732
Paris
Cedex
15
France


1.5 Reporting Period (the six months covered by this report):

September ­December 2005


1.6 Relevant UNEP Programme of Work (2002-2003) Subprogramme No: International Waters

1.7 Staffing Details of Cooperating Agency/ Supporting Organization (Applies to personnel /
experts/ consultants paid by the project budget):

Functional Title
Nationality
Object of Expenditure (1101,
1102, 1201, 1301 etc..)
Not during the period covered by


this report.




1.8 Sub-Contracts (if relevant):

Name and Address of the Sub-Contractee
Object of expenditure (2101, 2201, 2301 etc..)


Consejo Consultivo del Agua (CCA)
2203 Organisation of Epomex Workshop on
Monte Pelvoux 111, Piso 2, Lomas de Chapultepec,
Freshwater Marine interactions (travel of
CP 11000, México, DF
participants/logistical costs).

---

2. Project Status

2.1 Information on the delivery of outputs/services

Output/Service
Status
Description of work
Description of problems
(as listed in the
(Complete/
undertaken during
encountered; Issues that
approved project
Ongoing)
the reporting period
need to be addressed;
document)
Decisions/Actions to be
taken
1.
Component 2b(i)
Complete
3 panel sessions with


Convening Panels on
SIDS participation.
national and regional

ocean policies in SIDS
Travel organised for 27
at The Ocean Policy
participants from GEF
Summit (TOPS),
funding.
Lisbon

Side meeting of SIDS
participants conducted
to discuss
implementation of the
Mauritius Strategy on
October 10, 2005.

An Oceans Strategy
Workshop for SIDS,
developing, and
economies in transition
countries was
conducted on October
14, 2005
No. of SIDS
participants: 22

2.
Component 3a --
On-going
A Task Force on
In order to gain time and

Preparing and
Linking Freshwater to
mainstream admin.
disseminating policy
Oceans has been
Procedure, the contract was
analyses on the
organized to carry out
issued directly with the local
implementation of
the activities under
organisers of the workshop,
the GPA and the
Component 3,
i.e. CCA, rather than through
composed of experts
ICO.
fostering of
from UNEP-GPA, U.S.
freshwater-coastal-
NOAA, Consejo
marine interlinkages
Consultivo del Agua,
through integrated
Mexico, SEMARNAT,
coastal area and
Mexico, Centro
river basin
EPOMEX, Mexico,
management.
Ramsar Convention
Secretariat, and Global
Forum Secretariat
(Fist meeting held in
Lisbon in October
2005)

EPOMEX/SEMARNA
T/CCA Workshop
On Freshwater-coast-
marine interactions
organised in Mexico

---

from 10-11 January
2006.
17 participants
sponsored through an
Activity Financing
Contract.
3.
Component 1d.(ii)
On-going
Global Forum Steering

Global Forum Steering
Committee meeting

Committee strategic
held on October 9,
planning meetings.
2005, Lisbon, Portugal

No. of Global Forum

Steering Committee

members who
participated in the
meeting: 40
4. Component
On-going
A framework for public
1c--Increasing public
information activities in
awareness on oceans,
support of Global
coasts, and islands
Forum goals and
objectives has been
developed by WON



Draft NGO directory

has been completed and
is currently under
review by Global
Forum Steering
Committee



Two issues of the

Global Forum
newsletter have been
produced and
distributed
electronically.
5. Compoment
On-going
The Ocean Donors

1d--Organizational
Roundtable (brings
enhancement and
together public and
strategic planning for
private donors) has
the Global Forum
been created, had an
inaugural meeting at
the Lisbon Conference,
and is slated to meet at
the Global Conference



The Business and

Industry Leaders
Roundtable has been
created, had an
inaugural meeting at
the Lisbon Conference,
and is slated to meet at
the Global Conference.

2a--Preparing and
On-going
Four rapid

disseminating a
assessments on
policy analysis
capacity needs were
paper on the
carried out: in the
implementation of
Pacific region, in the
ocean policies and
AIMS region

---

---

Attachment to Half-Yearly Progress Report: Format for Inventory of Outputs/Services

a) Meetings (UNEP-convened meetings only)
No Meeting Title Venue
Dates Convened
Organized by # of
List attached Report issued
Language Dated
Type
by
Participants
Yes/No
as doc no
(note 4)
1.












2.












3.













List of Meeting Participants
No.
Name of the Participant
Nationality








b) Printed Materials
No Type
Title Author(s)/Editor(s)
Publisher
Symbol

Publication
Distribution
(note 5)

Date
List Attached
Yes/No

1.








2.








3.

---

c) Technical Information / Public Information
No Description
Date
1.
www.globaloceans.org


2.



3.




d) Technical Cooperation
No Type
Purpose Venue
Duration
For Grants and Fellowships

(note 6)
Beneficiaries
Countries/Nationalities
Cost (in US$)
1.








2.









e) Other Outputs/Services (e.g. Networking, Query-response, Participation in meetings etc.)
No Description

Date
1.



2.



3.




Note 4
Meeting types (Inter-governmental Meeting, Expert Group Meeting, Training Workshop/Seminar, Other)
Note 5
Material types (Report to Inter-governmental Meeting, Technical Publication, Technical Report, Other)
Note 6
Technical Cooperation Type (Grants and Fellowships, Advisory Services, Staff Mission, Others)

---

Annex 4: Format for Half-yearly Progress Report
As at 30 June and 31 December
(Please attach a current inventory of outputs/Services when submitting this report)

1. Background Information

1.1 Project Number: GFL/2328-2732-4854 GF/3010-05-09
(IOC : 213GLO 2003)

1.2 Project Title: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-
Coastal-Marine interlinkdages

1.3 Division/Unit: UNEP/DGEF

1.4 Coordinating Agency or Supporting Organization (if relevant):

Executing Agency : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
UNESCO
1,
rue
Miollis
75732
Paris
Cedex
15
France


1.5 Reporting Period (the six months covered by this report):

January-June 2006


1.6 Relevant UNEP Programme of Work (2002-2003) Subprogramme No: International Waters

1.7 Staffing Details of Cooperating Agency/ Supporting Organization (Applies to personnel /
experts/ consultants paid by the project budget):

Functional Title
Nationality
Object of Expenditure (1101,
1102, 1201, 1301 etc..)
Not during the period covered by


this report.




1.8 Sub-Contracts (if relevant):

Name and Address of the Sub-Contractee
Object of expenditure (2101, 2201, 2301 etc..)


International Coastal and Ocean Organisation
2203 (SIDS Task force, GPA Task Force,
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, Robinson
Steering Committee, Regional Lead experts, GF
Hall 301,
Strategic Plan, Donors/Business roundtables,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA.
Global directory of NGOs, GF website, Ocean

Policy Summit report, GF Newsletter)

---

2. Project Status

2.1 Information on the delivery of outputs/services

Output/Service
Status
Description of work undertaken during Description
(as listed in the
(Complete/
the reporting period
of problems
approved project
Ongoing)
encountered
document)
; Issues that
need to be
addressed;
Decisions/Ac
tions to be
taken
1. Global
Forum



Conference and
related activities
1.
Component 1.a
Completed
Conference organised in UNESCO, Paris,

Third Global
23-27 January 2006
Conference on Oceans,

Coasts and Islands
Travel provided to 48 participants from

developing countries, SIDS and countries
with economies in transition.

403 Participants in total and 38
Ministers/High level participants.

Conference report printed and
disseminated

WSSD Report "How well are we doing?"
printed and disseminated/

3 Side events organised during ICP June
12-16, 2006, New York
- WSSD Commitments : How well are we
doing?
- Global forum Steering Committee
- Coordination meeting on GPA
Partnerships

1.
Component 1.b
On-going
3 Partners institutions have been


Assessing capacity

contacted and have agreed on the TORs
building needs for

provided to them
development and

implementation of

national ocean

policies in 3 regions.






1
Component 1c.
On-going
- Global directory of NGOs has been

Increasing public
developed, reviewed and is ready to be
awareness on oceans,
uploaded on the GF website.
coasts and islands

---

- 2 Global Forum Newsletter have been
produced and disseminated, with focus on
the outcomes of the Global conference,
the UN Ad Hoc WG on high seas
biodiversity, the World Water Forum,
CBD (COP-8) and ICP meetings

-Global Forum Website reoganised to
better reflect the work of the Global
Forum. A dedicated webpage on the GEF
MSP has been included.

1. Component
1d.(i) On-going
ICO has engaged three regional experts to
Organizational
assist the Global Forum in its regional
enhancement and
activities, including capacity building
strategic planning for
assessments and capacity development
the Global Forum
plans. The following three

regional experts have been named:
Bernice McLean (South Africa) for
Africa; Ampai Harakunarak (Thailand)
for Asia; and Evelia Rivera Arriaga
(Mexico) for Latin America.

The Ocean Donors and the
Industry/Business Roundtables have been
operationalised. Both met for a second
time during the Global Conference.
Reports produced and disseminated.

1.
Component 1d.(ii)
On-going
2 meetings of Global Forum Steering


Global Forum
Committee took place on the margins of

Steering Committee
the Global Conference (January) and ICP

strategic planning
(June). Reports produced and

meetings.
disseminated.



No. of Global Forum Steering Committee
members who participated in the meeting:
40

1 Meeting of the GEF MSP Steering
Committee took place on 22 January.
Report produced and disseminated to all
participants.
Agreed budget revision for MSP.

Component
1d.iii On-going
A consultant has been hired by ICO to

10 year Strategic Plan
provide initial guidance on the strategic
for the Global Forum
planning process. Consultations have
been held during the Global Forum
Steering Committees.

A revised strategic planning document
will be present4ed at the GPA IGR
meeting in October 2006, Beijing
2.
Component 2 : SIDS



2.
2a--Preparing and
On-going
A multidisciplinary task force on SIDS

disseminating a policy
was organized, including experts from

---

analysis paper on the
developing countries for the development
implementation of
of implementation strategies of the
ocean policies and
outcomes of the Mauritius
ecosystem-based
SIDS International Meeting in the three
approaches in SIDS
main SIDS regions (Pacific, Caribbean,
and AIMS).
A dialogue session was held at the Third
Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands, among experts from the three
SIDS regions on how to go forward in the
development of implementation strategies
for the Mauritius Strategy.

3.
GPA and
On-going

Interlinkages to
Water

Component 3a.
On-going
The Task Force on the implementation of

GPA Task Force
the UNEP GPA and on Best Practices in
Linking Watersheds to Oceans has been
organized. The Task Force is composed
of experts in both watershed management
and integrated coastal and ocean
management from various organizations
and regions.

The Task Force organized the
International Workshop on Freshwater-
Coastal-Marine Management
Interlinkages, held on January 10-11,
2006 in Mexico City, sponsored by the
GEF MSP in collaboration with IOC, the
Consejo Consultivo del Agua, Mexico,
SEMARNAT, Mexico, Centro EPOMEX,
the Global Forum, UNEP GPA and
other collaborating organizations. Thirty-
nine (39) experts from 29 countries
participated in the workshop.

The Task Force also organized a panel
session and stakeholder dialogue sessions
on linking freshwater-to-oceans initiatives
at the Third Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, held in
UNESCO, Paris, France, January 23-28,
2006, and preparations for the second
Intergovernmental Review of the UNEP-
GPA (IGR-2) to be held on October 16-
20, 2006, in Beijing, China.

Assistance had been provided to the
UNEP-GPA Coordination Office to
analyze substantive input to the IGR-2
and to put together a synthesis by ICO
researcher Lindsey Williams.
In association with the Secretariat on the
Convention of Biological Diversity
(CBD), a report is also being prepared on

---

---

Attachment to Half-Yearly Progress Report: Format for Inventory of Outputs/Services

a) Meetings (UNEP-convened meetings only)
No Meeting Title Venue
Dates Convened
Organized by # of
List attached Report issued
Language Dated
Type
by
Participants
Yes/No
as doc no
(note 4)
1.












2.












3.













List of Meeting Participants
No.
Name of the Participant
Nationality








b) Printed Materials
No Type
Title Author(s)/Editor(s)
Publisher
Symbol

Publication
Distribution
(note 5)

Date
List Attached
Yes/No

1.
Confence Report on the
Cicin-
Global Forum

June 06


report
3rd Global
sain/Vandeweerd/Bern
Conference
al
2.
Policy
Meeting
Cicin-sain/
Global Forum

June 06


report
WSSD
Vandeweerd/
commitments
Bernal/Williams/
on oceans
Balgos
coasts and
SIDS: How
well are we
doing ?
3.

---

c) Technical Information / Public Information
No Description
Date
1.
www.globaloceans.org


2.



3.




d) Technical Cooperation
No Type
Purpose Venue
Duration
For Grants and Fellowships

(note 6)
Beneficiaries
Countries/Nationalities
Cost (in US$)
1.








2.









e) Other Outputs/Services (e.g. Networking, Query-response, Participation in meetings etc.)
No Description

Date
1.



2.



3.




Note 4
Meeting types (Inter-governmental Meeting, Expert Group Meeting, Training Workshop/Seminar, Other)
Note 5
Material types (Report to Inter-governmental Meeting, Technical Publication, Technical Report, Other)
Note 6
Technical Cooperation Type (Grants and Fellowships, Advisory Services, Staff Mission, Others)

---

Annex 4: Format for Half-yearly Progress Report
As at 30 June and 31 December
(Please attach a current inventory of outputs/Services when submitting this report)

1. Background Information

1.1 Project Number: GFL/2328-2732-4854 GF/3010-05-09
(IOC : 213GLO 2003)

1.2 Project Title: Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS, and on Freshwater-
Coastal-Marine interlinkdages

1.3 Division/Unit: UNEP/DGEF

1.4 Coordinating Agency or Supporting Organization (if relevant):

Executing Agency : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
UNESCO
1,
rue
Miollis
75732
Paris
Cedex
15
France

1.5 Reporting Period (the twelve months covered by this report):

July 2006-June 2007

1.6 Relevant UNEP Programme of Work (2002-2003) Subprogramme No: International Waters

1.7 Staffing Details of Cooperating Agency/ Supporting Organization (Applies to personnel /
experts/ consultants paid by the project budget):

Functional Title
Nationality
Object of Expenditure (1101,
1102, 1201, 1301 etc..)
Administrative Assistant
Canadian
1301

1.8 Sub-Contracts (if relevant):

Name and Address of the Sub-Contractee
Object of expenditure (2101, 2201, 2301 etc..)


International Coastal and Ocean Organisation
2203 (SIDS Task force, GPA Task Force,
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, Robinson
Steering Committee, Regional Lead experts, GF
Hall 301,
Strategic Plan, Donors/Business roundtables,
University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA.
Global directory of NGOs, GF website, Ocean

Policy Summit report, GF Newsletter, IW Learn

replication)
World Ocean Network c/o
2202 Public information Package
NAUSICAA, Centre National de la Mer, BP 189, Bd Sainte
Beuve, 62203 Boulogne Sur Mer Cedex, FRANCE
NEPAD/COSMAR
2201 Regional Capacity Assessment
Ministry of Environment, Nairobi, Kenya
PESMSEA
2201 Regional Capacity Assessment
UNDP Bldg., DENR Compound, Visayas Avenue
Quezon City, PHILIPPINES
Patricia Munoz/SEMARNAT
2201 Regional Capacity Assessment
Mexico City, MEXICO

---

2. Project Status

2.1 Information on the delivery of outputs/services

Output/Service
Status
Description of work undertaken during Description
(as listed in the
(Complete/
the reporting period
of problems
approved project
Ongoing)
encountered
document)
; Issues that
need to be
addressed;
Decisions/Ac
tions to be
taken
1. Global
Forum



Conference and
related activities
1.
Component




1.a Third Global


Conference on Oceans,


Coasts and Islands







(i) Conference travel
Completed





(ii) Conference report
Completed

preparation



(iii) Global Forum
On-going
Materials prepared and disseminated at UN

Side events
meetings/Side events organised


·
Materials for the Steering Committee of

the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands at UNICPOLOS, New York June
24, 2007
·
Side event on "Multi-stakeholder
Dialogue on Meeting the Global Goals of
Achieving Ecosystem Management and
Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Management by 2010" on Tuesday, June
26, 2007, UNICPOLOS, UN, New York
·
Special meeting of the Capacity Building
Task Force June 27,2007, UNICPOLOS,
New York
·
Distribution of the Global Forum's 2006
report on "Meeting the Commitments on
Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
Developing States Made at the 2002
World Summit on Sustainable
Development: How Well Are We
Doing?" at the ICP-8, June 2007, United
Nations, New York.
·
Distribution of the Global Forum's
"Reports from the Third Global
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands: Moving the Global Oceans
Agenda Forward," Co-Chairs' Report ­
Volume 2, Third Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, June 2006 at
the ICP-8, June 2007, United Nations,
New York.

1. Component
1.b

On-going


4 Partners institutions have been identified and

---

Assessing capacity

contracted (PEMSEA, NEPAD/COSMAR,
building needs for

National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) and University
development and

of Mexico). The South-East Asian and African
Reports have been completed.
implementation of

national ocean

policies in 3 regions.


1
Component 1c.



Increasing public
awareness on oceans,
coasts and islands

(i) Public Information
On-going



The World Ocean Network has been contracted

to develop a package of public information
materials in English and French which will be
supplied to museums and aquaria staff as well as
teachers and educators with information, tools
and other materials to communicate towards
general public. The Ocean Information Package
will include ocean facts, WSSD decisions, the
World Ocean Network communication tools and
10 tips to what the average individual can do to
forward the oceans agenda, and a background
summary text "One World, One Ocean" on the
implementation of ocean awareness raising
activities and promoting the Citizenship of the
Ocean,

A meeting of the Package editorial committee
met in Beijing, China, 16-20 October 2006, on
the margins of the IGR-2 meeting.

The Ocean Information Package should be ready
in September 2007.

(ii) Global directory of Completed


NGOs
The Global Directory of Non-governmental

Organizations (NGOs) has been completed and
posted on the Global Forum website.

The Directory of NGOs working on issues of
oceans, coasts and islands is a comprehensive and
current information source to aid those working in
the marine field in identifying partners, colleagues,
and networks. Establishment of such connections
will assist the public sector, academic and research
sectors, and non-governmental, intergovernmental,
governmental organizations in their work and will
serve to further the implementation of the targets
and goals pertaining to oceans, coasts, and islands
developed at the 2002 World Summit on
Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South
Africa. NGOs are critical partners and participants
who can advance concern of oceans, coasts, and
islands on international, regional, and national
agendas.

The directory lists international, regional, and
national NGOs, their contact information, and
descriptions of their missions, activities, and
history. The full directory document is available for
download.

In addition, a mechanism for updating the directory
is included. Those finding missing pieces in the
directory or needs for revision (especially with

---

changing contact information) can fill out a
template and submit it for incorporation into the
directory.

(iii) Global Forum
On-going


Newsletter
A double issue of the Global Forum Newsletter

focusing on highlights of major ocean
developments in 2006 has been prepared and
disseminated.

This issue covers the meeting of UN Oceans, the
seventh session of the Open-ended Informal
Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the
Sea, the UN Ad Hoc Process on areas beyond
national jurisdiction, the Global Environment
Facility Special Council meeting, Mauritius
implementation, and UN reform. The
establishment of the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands Marine National Monument in the US and
the designation of the Caribbean Sea as a special
sea are also covered. Perspectives are given from
Awni Behnam of the International Ocean Institute
on the need for the Global Forum, and Mr. Enele S.
Sopoaga, Tuvalu, on SIDS and the ecosystem
approach.

In addition, this issue features summaries of the 3rd
Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands,
the Global Forum's "report card", Meeting the
Commitments on Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island
Developing States Made at the 2002 World Summit
on Sustainable Development: How Well Are We
Doing?, and the sessions on Freshwater to Oceans
Linkages at the 4th World Water Forum.

The Global Forum collaborated with the
Stakeholder Forum, in the production of 6 issues of
the GPA Outreach, a newsletter that supported the
preparatory work for the Second Intergovernmental
Review Meeting (IGR-2) of the UNEP Global
Programme of Action for the Protection of the
Marine Environment from Land-based Activities
(GPA).
(iv) Global Forum
On-going


Website
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands

website has been revamped to incorporate the
following:


a. Information on the activities and
achievements of the Global Forum in
2005-2007 and future activities through a
report entitled "Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands Report of Activities,
2005-2007 and Future Directions."

b. A new website on the forthcoming 4th
Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands to be held on April 7-11,
2008 has been developed and uploaded
on June 23, 2007.

c. A new section on Strategic Planning to
Advance the Oceans Agenda, 2006-2016

d. A new section on the collaboration
between the Global Forum and GEF
IW:LEARN as described in detail in
Activity #9 in this document.

---

An Information Technology consultant
working for the Global Forum is working with
IW:LEARN in developing a course catalog as
part of the Global Forum's support to the
Oceans Learn Partnership formed during the
UNEP Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment Second
Intergovernmental Review in Beijing in
October 2006. Work on the course catalog is
ongoing.

e. A new section on Linking Freshwater
Management and Ocean and Coastal
Management is under development.

Discussions are still ongoing regarding the
provision of web services on the linking of
freshwater and oceans and coastal
management in collaboration with the Global
Water Partnership, Danish Hydraulic Institute
(DHI), and UCC-Water. Mr. Gorm Jeppesen
of the DHI Water Group in Denmark visited
the University of Delaware in July 2007 to
discuss implementation details.

In line with the recommendation of the MSP
Steering Committee, the Global Forum
Website features a section devoted to the MSP
activities

1. Component
1d.
On-going


Organizational
In late 2006, the Global Forum began a strategic
enhancement and
planning effort to chart strategic activities, which
could be undertaken together with governments, the
strategic planning for
United Nations, NGOs, industry, and scientific
the Global Forum
groups to advance the global oceans agenda over

the next ten-year period, to 2016. The first step was
the development of a draft calendar of major events
and opportunities for policy decisions (by the
United Nations and other parties) related to oceans,
coasts, small island developing States, and
freshwater taking place over the next decade, as
well as tentative Global Forum policy analyses and
multistakeholder workshops/global conferences in
response to and/or in anticipation of such
opportunities. The next steps in the strategic
planning are to be carried out through 14 working
groups under three themes :

Theme 1: Achieving Ecosystem management and
integrated coastal and ocean management by 2010


Cross-Cutting Issues

Large Marine Ecosystems

Marine Biodiversity and MPAs

Freshwater, Oceans, and Coasts

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Ocean Use Access Agreements in EEZs
of Developing Nations

Tourism

Maritime Transportation

Theme 2: Climate, Oceans, and Security:
Addressing Impacts in Vulnerable Ecosystems and
in Vulnerable Coastal Communities; and


Cross-Cutting Issues

Vulnerable Communities
o Adaptation
o Environmental Refugees

---

o Public Health

Vulnerable Ecosystems
o Natural Disasters
o Sea Level Rise
o Ocean Acidification
o Ocean Warming

SIDS and the Mauritius Strategy

Theme 3: Addressing the Governance of Marine
Ecosystems and Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits
of National Jurisdiction. Theme 1 is divided into 10
sub-themes, including:


Cross-Cutting Issues

Overall Governance Issues

Ecosystems and Uses
o Marine Biodiversity
o Fisheries
o Bioprospecting
o Deep Seabed Mining
o Tourism
o Maritime Transportation

The results of Working Group deliberations and a
draft Global Oceans Agenda for 2006-2016 will be
presented at:

--The 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands, to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam, on April
7-11, 2008
--The World Ocean Conference, Manado,
Indonesia, May 11-15, 2009
--Other appropriate international venues


A third meeting of the Business and Industry
Leaders (BIL) Roundtable is being planned for
2008 with the United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) to move
forward on the recommendations emanating from
the second BIL Roundtable meeting in January
2006 held during the 3rd Global Conference in
UNESCO, Paris. The Global Forum is currently
exploring options for modalities in achieving
greater collaboration from the private sector with
various collaborators.

A meeting of the Global Forum Steering
Committee Meeting was conducted on June 24,
2007 immediately before ICP-8, to discuss: 1) The
2008 Global Conference; 2) Working Groups; 3)
Associated publications; 4) Strategic planning for
advancing the global oceans agenda to 2016; and 5)
Possible additions to the Global Forum Steering
Committee. Thirty-six (36) Global Forum Steering
Committee members and other collaborators
attended the meeting.
2.
Component 2 : SIDS



2.
2a--Preparing and
On-going


disseminating a policy
This activity covers the preparation of a report that
analysis paper on the
includes all Global Forum initiatives on the
implementation of the Mauritius Strategy (MS) for
implementation of
SIDS undertaken within the framework of the
ocean policies and
Global Forum GEF/MSP, including the capacity
ecosystem-based
assessments and recommendations emanating from
approaches in SIDS
the regional rapid assessment for the
implementation of the Mauritius Strategy.

This document is envisioned to take the form of the

---

capacity-building action plan being developed
covering the three SIDS regions as well as the
regions of Africa, East Asia, and Latin America. A
capacity building strategy is being developed based
on the recommendations emanating from the
regional capacity building assessments.

This document will be finalized after the Capacity
Building Workshop on SIDS Ocean Policy (Pacific
Region)


2b ­ Convening SIDS
Completed


panels on national and
The preparation and printing of The Ocean Policy
regional ocean
Summit results will be in the form of a book
entitled: Integrated National And Regional Ocean
policies at TOPS
Policies: Comparative Practices And Future
conference
Prospects. The Book will be published in 2008.


2c- Convening a
On-going


capacity building
A revised draft of the capacity building workshop
workshop on national
for the Pacific Islands has been developed and is
currently being reviewed by the Marine Sector
ocean policies for
Working Group of the Council of Regional
SIDS
Organizations in the Pacific (CROP). A workshop
on the development/enhancement of curriculum on
integrated ocean and coastal management for the
SIDS University Consortium is being planned to be
held back-to-back with the Capacity Building
workshop. Due to conflicts in scheduling the
workshop, it is proposed to be held as a pre-
conference meeting during the 4th Global
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.

3.
GPA and
On-going


Interlinkages to
Water
Component
3a.
On-going
The Global Forum has coordinated, together with

GPA Task Force
UNEP-GPA and Stakeholder Forum, the
Partnerships Day in IGR-2. The Global Forum
facilitated the coordination of partnerships to be
presented at the IGR-2 by holding periodic
meetings and conference calls to insure that the
partnerships are fully organized prior to IGR-2, in
collaboration with the GPA Coordination
Office. A volume that contains descriptions of
partnerships that are being featured at IGR-2 has
been put together by the GPA Coordination Office
with facilitation of the Global Forum. The
Global Forum was represented at the IGR-2 by two
members of the Secretariat (Dr. Biliana
Cicin-Sain and Dr. Miriam C. Balgos) and three
developing country members of the Freshwater
to Oceans Linkages Working Group (Dr. Patricia
Muñoz/Mexico, Dr. Evelia Rivera-
Arriaga/Mexico, and Mr. Franklin
McDonald/Jamaica).

The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
participated in three of the partnership
sessions held on October 17:
1) The Global Forum ­ GPA Partnership on
Advancing the WSSD 2010 Target on Ecosystem
Management and on Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Management (see partnership description and
partnership session report in Appendix 9).
This Partnership, organized by the Global Forum,
also held a pre-session brainstorming on
October 15, in order to gather input in the
development of an appropriate methodology for

---

gathering information and assessing progress in the
implementation of the WSSD 2010 target on
ecosystem-based management and on integrated
ocean and coastal management;
2) The World Ocean Network Partnership on
Increasing Public Awareness of the Global Oceans
Agenda, Implementation of the Ocean Awareness
and Stewardship Activities, and
Promotion of the Citizenship of the Ocean
3) Oceans Training: Synergies in Capacity-
Building through Multi-Partner Collaboration.

The Global Forum also sponsored a high-level side
event at the IGR-2 on "Advancing the
Oceans, Coasts, Small Island Developing States
(SIDS), and Freshwater/Oceans Agenda in the
Next Decade: Key Issues and Opportunities,"
October 19, which featured presentations and
discussions from Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Global
Forum, Dr. Torkil Jönch-Clausen, DHI Water
and Environment and Global Water Partnership,
Mr. Achim Steiner, UNEP Executive Director,
Dr. Vladimir Golitsyn, UN Division for Ocean
Affairs and the Law of the Sea Director, Dr. Al
Duda, Global Environment Facility, Mr. Dixon
Waruinge, Programme Officer, UNEP Nairobi
and Abidjan Conventions, and Mr. Felix Dodds,
Executive Director, Stakeholder Forum.

The Global Forum also held informal discussions
with several Global Forum collaborators
regarding the forthcoming 4th Global Conference
on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, April 7-11,
2008, a world ocean summit in 2009, the Global
Forum ­ GPA Partnership, and strategic
planning on the global oceans agenda for 2006-
2016, during the course of the meeting.
Details on the Global Forum activities at the IGR-2
including preparatory activities leading to the
meeting are posted on a section of the Global
Forum website at http://www.globaloceans.org/igr-
2/index.html.

Assistance was also provided to the UNEP-GPA
Coordination Office to analyze substantive
input to the IGR-2 and put together in a synthesis
report by Global Forum researcher Lindsey
Williams. In association with the Secretariat on the
Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), a report
is being completed on trends in integrated coastal
and ocean management (based on the CBD national
reports).

Together with the Stakeholder Forum, the Global
Forum has produced a set of newsletters (GPA
Outreach) related to UNEP-GPA and IGR-2 during
the World Water Week. The newsletters featured a
number of partnerships that were presented during
Partnerships Day at IGR-2.


The Global Forum also collaborated with the
Stakeholder Forum on a GPA Event at the World
Water Week on "Developing Solutions to Protect
the Marine Environment from Land-based
Activities: Stakeholder Consultation," August 22,
2006, Stockholm. In preparation for IGR-2,
this side event brought together stakeholders from
around the world to discuss issues threatening

---

the marine environment. Participants were given
the opportunity to comment on the draft Beijing
Declaration on furthering the implementation of the
Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-
based Activities produced during the IGR-2.

Informal discussions with a number of proposed
partners of the Global Forum ­ GPA
Partnership entitled "Advancing the JPOI Targets
on Ecosystem Management and on Integrated
Coastal Management through the GPA: Global
Reporting and Case Studies," have been
undertaken. An initial plan of action for the
partnership has been prepared, which was presented
at the session devoted to the discussion on the start
up of this partnership during Partnership Day at
IGR-2 on October 17, 2006.
The partnership will involve the preparation of a
global report on the status and trends in the
implementation of policy initiatives in ecosystem
management, and integrated coastal and ocean
management, based on collaboration with national
authorities (on a voluntary basis), national
experts, regional organizations, UN organizations,
and other expert entities. This report will be
featured at the 2008 Fourth Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands. The conference
will bring together experts from around the world
to explicitly focus on the progress being
achieved and obstacles faced in the implementation
of ecosystem management and integrated coastal
and ocean management. Following the Global
Conference, the report will be revised to
incorporate additional data and information gleaned
from case studies presented at the conference, and
will be issued in final form in early 2010, as a
summary report on the fulfillment of the JPOI 2010
goal of achieving ecosystem management and
integrated coastal and ocean management.

3 .
Component 3b-
On-going


Organisation of panels
Biliana Cicin-Sain and Miriam Balgos participated
at WWF III and MoU
in the 11th GWP Consulting Partners
Meeting and 10th Anniversary Celebration held on
August 18-20, 2006 in Stockholm, Sweden, and in
the 2006 World Water Week also in Stockholm,
August 20-26, 2006. They met with
several potential collaborators in an effort to
promote the development of a collaborative
relationship between the Global Forum and water-
related institutions. In particular, a meeting was
held with Torkil Jönch-Clausen of DHI Water and
Environment and
Niels Ipsen of the UNEP Collaborating Centre on
Water and Environment (UCC-Water), to
discuss specific strategies for collaboration,
including:
1) Collaboration of DHI and UCC-Water in the
Global Forum - GPA Partnership on
"Advancing the JPOI Targets on Ecosystem
Management and on Integrated Coastal
Management through the GPA: Global Reporting
and Case Studies"
2) Strengthening the ICAM section of the IWRM
Tool Box
During the World Water Week, the Global Forum
also participated in the side meeting organized
by the World Business Council on Sustainable
Development held on August 21, 2006, where a

---

report entitled "Business in the World of Water:
WBCSD Water Scenarios to 2025" was presented
and discussed.

A follow-up meeting with Torkil Jönch-Clausen of
DHI Water and Environment was held in
Beijing during the IGR-2 to discuss a draft plan of
work on a joint initiative for linking the
management of freshwater and oceans and coasts,
building on what was discussed at the World
Water Week meeting in Stockholm. It was agreed
that a Memorandum of Understanding or
Letter of Agreement between the Global Forum on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands and the DHIGlobal
Water Partnership be developed to cover the
following activities:
1) Work on the GWP IWRM Tool Box to
strengthen the integrated ocean and coastal
management tools available for both IWRM and
integrated ocean and coastal management
(ICM) users.
2) Plan the conduct of a series of case studies on
freshwater to oceans linkages in several regions
of the world.
3) Conduct demonstrations on the use of the
enhanced IWRM tool box in the following
forthcoming workshops/meetings:
a. Global Forum workshop on capacity building in
developing national ocean policies in Suva,
Fiji (April 2007)
b. Meeting of the GWP Southeast Asia
c. Meeting of the GWP Caribbean
4) Organize a session at the 2007 World Water
Week in Stockholm on linking the management
of freshwater and oceans and coasts, featuring the
reinforced IWRM tool box and the outcomes
of the demonstration activities.
5) Collaborate in the planning of the content of
freshwater to oceans activities at forthcoming
global water and global oceans events, including
the World Water Forum, and the Global
Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.


4. Monitoring
and



Evaluation

Following consultations with IW: LEARN, the


following activities were agreed and started to be
implemented:
4.a. iii. Replication
On-going

mechanism with IW
a. A section linking the Global Forum on
Learn
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands website to the
IW:LEARN website has been created, in order
to provide a venue for posting and access of
best practices and lessons learned from the
Global Forum GEF/MSP, other Global Forum
initiatives, and GEF IW projects.

b. Carry out the web work needed to support the
work of the Oceans Learn Partnership, in
which IW:LEARN and the Global Forum are
partners, along with other organizations.

As previously mentioned, work is ongoing
regarding the creation of a course catalog,
which will contain descriptions of courses
available from the collaborating organizations
under the Oceans Learn Partnership.

c. Support the Global Forum participation in the

---

East Asian Seas Congress, including the
Global Forum bringing the results of the
assessment of How Well Are We Doing in
Meeting Global Oceans Commitments to the
EAS; Global Forum sharing of lessons learned
in its cross-national work on integrated coastal
and ocean management; and Global Forum
organization, together with PEMSEA, of a
capacity development workshop on needs in
marine affairs training and education in the
East Asia region.

Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain participated in the East
Asian Seas Congress held on December 12-
16, 2006 in Haikou, China. Dr. Cicin-Sain led
a workshop on "Development of National
Ocean Policies in East Asia and Around the
World: Addressing National and International
Issues," held on December 14, 2006. She also
participated in the workshop on capacity
assessment in ocean and coastal management
in East Asia conducted by the Partnerships in
Environmental Management for the Seas of
East Asia (PEMSEA) held on December 16,
2007.

d. Planning for the 4th Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, tentatively to be
held in Vietnam, with a special focus on:


--working with the Government of Vietnam
and other governmental and nongovernmental
stakeholders in Vietnam in organizing the
conference

--insuring the participation of GEF IW
projects in the conference and in the
conference planning

--obtaining regional inputs into the global
conference (e.g., at Abidjan-Nairobi
Convention meeting; meeting of Regional
Seas Programme at Jeddah, etc.)

--involving developing country participants in
the Working Groups on each
of the major conference themes

e. Develop a concept proposal for action in
capacity development, based on the
recommendations emanating from the regional
capacity assessments carried out within the
framework of the Global Forum GEF-MSP,
including:

--four regional capacity assessments related to
ocean and coastal management, including
four rapid assessments on the specific
steps that can be taken to rapidly implement
the Mauritius Strategy
(2005) in four SIDS regions (the Caribbean,
Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic SIDS);

--a capacity assessment on ocean and coastal
management by the Community of
Portuguese-Speaking Nations (CPLP) (8
nations);

--a capacity assessment on integrated ocean
and coastal management in East Asia.

---

As previously mentioned, a draft concept
paper on a capacity development action plan is
being developed for discussion by the
Working Group on Capacity Building as part
of the strategic oceans planning being
undertaken by the Global Forum for 2006-
2016. The intent of this activity is to develop a
detailed proposal for action in capacity
development that could be part of a funding
portfolio for the GEF and other donors in the
future.

f.
Participate in the 4th GEF International Waters
Conference (IWC4).

Dr. Nguyen Chu Hoi, Director of the Vietnam
Institute of Fisheries Economics and Planning,
and Dr. Tonny Wagey of the Ministry of
Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, as
well as Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Co-Chair of
the Global Forum on Oceans, Costs, and
Islands participated in the 4th International
Waters Conference, July 31-August 3, 2007,
Cape Town, South Africa, as representatives
of the Global Forum GEF MSP on "Fostering
a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and
SIDS, and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine
Interlinkages."

Two formal meetings were organized by the
Global Forum at the IWC4 as well as several
informal meetings related to the planning and
preparation for the 4th Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands.

2.2 If the project is not on track, provide reasons and details of remedial action to be taken:

---

---

Attachment to Half-Yearly Progress Report: Format for Inventory of Outputs/Services

a) Meetings (UNEP-convened meetings only)
No Meeting Title Venue
Dates Convened
Organized by # of
List attached Report issued
Language Dated
Type
by
Participants
Yes/No
as doc no
(note 4)
1.












2.












3.













List of Meeting Participants
No.
Name of the Participant
Nationality








b) Printed Materials
No Type
Title Author(s)/Editor(s)
Publisher
Symbol

Publication
Distribution
(note 5)

Date
List Attached
Yes/No

1.
Report
Global
B. Cicin Sain, M.
Global Forum

May 2007
N

Forum on
Balgos
Oceans,
Coasts, and
Islands
Report of
Activities,
2005-2007
and Future
Directions.

2.

---

c) Technical Information / Public Information
No Description
Date
1.
www.globaloceans.org


2.



3.




d) Technical Cooperation
No Type
Purpose Venue For Grants and Fellowships
Duration
(note 6)
Beneficiaries
Countries/Nationalities
Cost (in US$)
1.








2.









e) Other Outputs/Services (e.g. Networking, Query-response, Participation in meetings etc.)
No Description

Date
1.



2.



3.




Note 4
Meeting types (Inter-governmental Meeting, Expert Group Meeting, Training Workshop/Seminar, Other)
Note 5
Material types (Report to Inter-governmental Meeting, Technical Publication, Technical Report, Other)
Note 6
Technical Cooperation Type (Grants and Fellowships, Advisory Services, Staff Mission, Others)

---

Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands

Publications Related to the 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands: Advancing Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Management in the Context of Climate Change
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam


Conference Summary Report

· 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands: Conference Overview and Earth Negotiations Bulletin Summary
Report
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Conference-Outcomes-ENBSummary.pdf

Policy Briefs

· Policy Brief on Climate, Oceans, and Security
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Climate-and-Oceans-PB-April2.pdf

· Policy Brief on Achieving EBM and ICM by 2010 and Progress Indicators
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/EBM-ICM-PB-April4.pdf

· Policy Brief on Large Marine Ecosystems
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/LME-PB-June18.pdf

· Policy Brief on Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Biodiveristy-and-MPAs-PB-May15.pdf

· Policy Brief on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Fisheries-and-Aquaculture-PB-April2.pdf

· Policy Brief on SIDS and Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/SIDS-and-Mauritius-Strategy-PB-April2.pdf

· Policy Brief on Freshwater and Oceans
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Freshwater-to-Oceans-PB-April3.pdf

· Policy Brief on the Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses in Areas Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/High-Seas-PB-April9.pdf

· Policy Brief on Maritime Transportation
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Maritime-Transportation-PB-June18.pdf

· Policy Brief on Capacity Development
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Capacity-Building-PB-April2.pdf

· Policy Brief on Compliance and Enforcement
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Compliance-and-Enforcement-PB-June18.pdf

· Policy Brief on Developing a Strategy for Public Education/Outreach
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Public-Education-PB-April2.pdf

Post-Hanoi Submissions

· Submission of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands to the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended Informal Working Group to
study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national
jurisdiction, New York, 28 April - 2 May 2008
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/highseas/pdf/GlobalForumSubmission-2ndAdHocWGMeeting-April2008-red.pdf

· Report to the Ninth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 19-30 May 2008,
Bonn, Germany
Link: http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/Biodiveristy-and-MPAs-PB-May15.pdf

---

Results and Next Steps
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
Islands
· Created in 2001 and formalized at the 2002 World Summit on
Sustainable Development (Johannesburg), the Global Forum brings
together ocean leaders from governments, UN agencies, NGOs,
private sector, donors, scientific sector, world's museums and aquaria
to advance the global oceans agenda
· Policy analyses of implementation of global commitments on oceans,
especially those emerging from the 2002 World Summit on
Sustainable Development (WSSD), and on emerging issues
· Multistakeholder policy dialogues, promotion of oceans at the highest
political levels, capacity building, public engagement
· Global conferences: 2001, 2003, 2006 at UNESCO, Paris, and 2008 in
Hanoi, Vietnam
2
1

---

3
"On-the-ground" conditions in 2002
· 76% of fisheries in trouble
· 70% of marine mammal species threatened
· 58% of coral reefs threatened (500 million depend on coral
reefs for food and income)
· 46 million people per year at risk of flooding
· Poverty continuing largely unabated and unhealthful
conditions predominating in coastal communities,
especially in coastal megacities (e.g., 90% of sewage in
developing countries is untreated, 250 million cases of
gastroenteritis)
4
2

---

The World Summit on Sustainable Development
and Millennium Development Goals
·
Ecosystem Approach by 2010 and Integrated and Coastal Ocean
Management (no date)
·
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities
(progress by 2006)
·
Small Island Developing States and Oceans (Review of BPoA by 2004)
·
Sustainable Development of Fisheries: IUU IPOA (2004), Capacity
IPOA (2005), Elimination of subsidies (no date), maintain and
improve stocks by 2015
·
Biodiversity (2010) and Marine Protected Areas (2012)
·
Integrated Water Resource Management (2005)
·
Global Marine Assessment (2004)
·
Coordination of UN Activities on Oceans (no date)
·
Millennium Development Goals (2015)
5
2006 Report on Implementation of
World Summit on Sustainable
Development Goals on Oceans
2006 policy analysis/
report card on
implementation of
global commitments
on oceans
Also on
www.globaloceans.org
6
3

---

Strategic Planning to Advance the Global
Oceans Agenda
2006-2016
· An informal process of visioning-- where do we want to be
in a decade, and how do we get there, in association with
governments, UN agencies, NGOs, private sector, ocean
donors, science sector, world's museums and aquaria
· WSSD/MDG goals a good starting point--good goals
reflecting the world's political will
· Must be able to respond to new challenges, such as those
related to climate, disasters, high seas governance, other
7
4th Global Conference on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands:
Advancing Ecosystem Management and
Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management
by 2010 in the Context of Climate Change
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi, Vietnam
4

---

Major Goals­ Hanoi Conference
· Put climate on the oceans agenda and viceversa
--Climate and oceans= different fora
­ Starting point 2007 IPCC report
· Review progress on the global WSSD ocean/coasts
goals and recommend next steps
· Emphasize need to move toward ecosystem-based
management of areas beyond national jurisdiction
(64% of ocean)
9
4th Global Conference
· Brought ocean and coastal leaders from around
the world to focus on the most important ocean
issues, how to advance the issues, and how to meet
new challenges
­ 439 ocean and coastal leaders
­ 62 countries
­ Representation from all sectors, including governments,
intergovernmental and international organizations,
non-governmental organizations, the business
community, ocean donors, scientific institutions, and
10
museums and aquaria
5

---

Extensive Preparatory Process
· 12 Working Groups focusing on major coastal and
ocean issues mobilized in 2007
· Working Groups involve:
­ 254 experts
­ 72 countries
· Each Working Group has prepared a Policy Brief
outlining the major issues, recommendations for
policy-makers, and the way forward
11
12 Policy Briefs Prepared
·
Climate, Oceans, and Security
·
EBM and ICM by 2010 and Indicators for
Progress
·
Large Marine Ecosystems
·
SIDS and Implementation of the Mauritius
Strategy
·
Fisheries and Aquaculture
·
Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine
Protected Areas
·
Freshwater, Oceans, and Coasts
·
Maritime Transportation
·
Governance of Areas Beyond National
Jurisdiction
Cross-Cutting Issues:
·
Capacity Development
·
Compliance and Enforcement
12
·
Public Education, Outreach, and Media
6

---

Relating the Issues
EBM/ICM
Fisheries and
SIDS
Poverty
Aquaculture
Developing
Indicators for
Nations
Biodiversity
Progress
and MPAs
Vulnerable
Compliance
Communities,
Freshwater to
Ecosystems
Oceans
Capacity
Areas Beyond
National
Marine
Public
Jurisdiction
Transportation
Outreach
CLIMATE
13
Results--Hanoi Conference
I. Putting Climate on the Oceans Agenda
and Viceversa
14
7

---

Must Factor in the Effects of Climate Change on
Ocean Ecosystems and Coastal Communities
· IPCC report 2007 points to significant global warming
in the next 20 years and attendant sea level rise,
increased storms, etc.
· The effects will be felt differently in different parts of
the world
· Projections for 21st century:
­ Temperature Rise
1.8°C to 4.0°C (3.2°F to 7.2°F)
­ Sea Level Rise
9 cm to 88 cm
15
"Climate Divide"
· Gap that exists between developed countries and the
developing world
· The brunt of the damage associated with global climate
change has been created by the developed world, but its
impacts are felt most readily by the developing world.
· "The poorest of the poor in the world, and this includes poor
people even in prosperous societies, who are going to be the
worst hit ... [as] people who are poor are least equipped to be
able to adapt to the impacts of climate change and therefore,
in some sense, this does become a global responsibility"
16
8

---

Regions Most Affected
· Developing nations in Africa (which accounts for < 3% of global carbon
emissions) and Asia would be most affected and those developed wealthy
nations far from the equator least affected
· Sea-level rise will cause a loss of up to 30% of coastal wetlands; increased
coastal flooding predicted to impact up to 1.6 million people annually
· Major population centers at low elevations including: Mumbai, India;
Shanghai, China; Jakarta, Indonesia; Tokyo, Japan; and Dhaka, Bangladesh
· 5 most vulnerable countries with large populations: China, India,
Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia
· Countries most threatened when looking at largest total land area: Russia,
Canada, the United States, China, and Indonesia
· Issue between largest polluters (include United States, China, and Australia)
and those that have begun to take action on curbing their carbon outputs
17
Impacts of Climate Change on SIDS
Nations
· Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable
­ Erosion of beaches, coral bleaching, and sea-level rise will have effects,
both physically and economically.
­ Water resources to be significantly reduced
· Kiribati (South Pacific) is already at risk of completely disappearing
because of sea level rise caused by climate change, with total
annihilation expected within the next 50 years
· 2000 people living in the Carteret Islands of Papua New Guinea were
forced to evacuate and move to an adjacent island following the demise
of their homes due to high tides and storms
· The global community must address these effects
18
9

---

Climate Change, Biodiversity,
and Public Health
· Effects of climate change are also important to issues of
biodiversity and human health
· Global temperatures rise 3 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit in the
coming years could cause "the likely extinction of perhaps ¼ of
the world's species to eventual inundation of coasts and islands
inhabited by hundreds of millions of people"
· Some of the more vulnerable ecosystems to climate change
include mangrove forests and coral reefs, among others
­ more than 80% of the world's coral reefs will die in this century if ocean
warming continues
· Disease vectors altered by climate change may result in
increased cases of cholera, malaria and diarrheal disease, 19
especially in Africa and Asia
Climate Change and Security
· Increase in weak and fragmented states
­ emergence of `failing subregions' and `black holes' in world politics with
overstretched states unable to adapt and stabilize
· Economic development impeded
­ Regional production altered especially for water-intensive sectors
· Conflicts between drivers of climate change (developed) and those most
affected (developing)
· Potential for human rights violations
· Increased migration and conflicts over finances and management of refugees
· Potential for failure of disaster management systems after extreme weather
events
20
10

---

Hanoi Conference Results: Climate Agenda
Ocean and coastal leaders are at the frontline of climate change effects
1.
Put ocean/climate issues in the climate negotiations and viceversa
2.
Understand and develop policy responses to global ocean changes
(ocean warming, ocean acidification, changes in currents, changes in
polar regions, etc.)
3.
Address the "climate divide" and promote international
commitments and funding mechanisms to respond to the differential
effects of climate change on different regions and peoples
4.
Encourage a wide range of adaptation efforts
5. Properly manage mitigation efforts that use the oceans
·
carbon storage and sequestration
·
Iron fertilization
6.
Encourage alternative forms of energy using the oceans
21
(windpower,
tides, currents)
Hanoi Conference Results
II.
Review Progress and Next Steps Needed on
Major WSSD Global Ocean Goals
Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Integrated
Coastal and Ocean Management (ICM)
Small Island Developing States
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Biodiversity and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
Freshwater to Oceans
Maritime Transportation
22
11

---

Ecosystem Approach and Integrated Coastal
and Ocean Management
WSSD Goals
Encourage application of the ecosystem approach by 2010
Promote integrated coastal and ocean management
Provide assistance to developing countries
· Ecosystem management goal
­ Concept operationalized and tied to ICM
­ National cases
­ Regional cases (in particular the Large Marine Ecosystem projects,
OSPAR)
· Integrated coastal and ocean management
­ 100+ countries have established ICM programs (many of these need to be
scaled up to the national level)
­ about 20-30 countries are developing or are implementing integrated
national ocean policies covering the EEZ
23
Concept Operationalized
· UN Open-ended Informal Consultation Process on Oceans and the
Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) June 2006 and at the Hanoi conference
­ Developed and developing countries can implement ecosystem-
based management
· Have well-accepted principles for both EBM and ICM
· Does not require perfect science, but management rules must
be precautionary and adaptive
· Have established framework for ICM; needs sustained effort to
yield results on the ground
· Operationalization of EBM in each sector remains a challenge
­ Need exists to strengthen the linkages between EBM and ICM and
develop and implement progress indicators
­ Need to provide case studies of cost-effective and practical
management
· The Global Forum will, by 2010, conduct a survey and prepare a
global report card on how far we have come, what obstacles must be
overcome, what needs to be done, what emerging issues must be
addressed, what funding is needed, and what capacity must be
developed to further propel the implementation of EBM/ICM
24
12

---

Examples of countries and regions which have
developed/are developing integrated ocean policies
Asia
Africa/Indian Ocean
Europe
China
South Africa
France
India
Tanzania
Netherlands
Japan
Norway
Philippines
Regional:
Portugal
Republic of Korea
New Partnership for
Russian Federation
Vietnam
Africa's Development
United Kingdom
Oceania
Americas
Regional:
Australia
Brazil
European Maritime
Cook Islands
Canada
Strategy
New Zealand
Jamaica
Mexico
Regional:
United States
Pacific Islands
Regional Ocean
Policy
25
Regional Cases: LMEs of the World
18 GEF-LME Projects in
Regional Seas. GEF-LME
Projects in Regional Seas already
approved (red dots) or in the
preparation stage (yellow dots),
involve 121 countries of Africa,
Asia, the Pacific, Latin America
& the Caribbean, and Eastern
Europe. Source: UNEP 2006
· Large Marine Ecosystem projects
­ 64 Delimited
­ 18 GEF-Funded LME projects
· 9 approved
· 9 in preparation stage
· -- Keep focus on regional, transboundary projects
· -- Training the next generation of LME professionals to the ecosystem-
based approach to assessments of management of LMEs
26
13

---

27
UNEP Regional Seas (UNEP 2003)
· Regional Seas Programme
Source: UNEP (2003)
­
Covers 18 regions of the world
· Antarctic, Arctic, Baltic, Black Sea, Caspian, Eastern Africa,
East Asian Seas, Mediterranean, North-East Atlantic, North-
East Pacific, North-West Pacific, Pacific, Red Sea and the Gulf
of Aden, ROPME Sea Area, South Asian Seas, South-East
Pacific, the Western Africa and the Wider Caribbean
­
14 Regions have adopted legally-binding conventions
­ New ICM protocol in the Med
28
14

---

2. Small Island Developing States
and Oceans
WSSD Goal
Undertake a comprehensive review of the implementation of the Barbados
Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States (BPoA) in 2004
The Bottom Line
· The Mauritius Strategy for the further implementation of the BPoA
adopted at the 2005 Mauritius International Meeting
· High level of ratification of multilateral environmental agreements by
SIDS, e.g.:
­ UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (100%)
­ Convention on Biological Diversity (100%)
­ UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (93%)
29
Small Island Developing States and Oceans
Trends in National Level Implementation of Oceans and Coasts Components of the
Barbados Programme of Action: Ocean and Coastal Management (2005)
Status
% of SIDS
(no. countries)
Enacted National Environmental Acts
63% (26)
Established Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
61% (25)
Developed national initiatives for integrated coastal management
46% (19)
Entrusted the coordination of marine and coastal issues to national
44% (18)
environmental institutions
Developed National Sustainable Development Plans, and Biological
44% (18)
Diversity National Strategies
Enacted laws that provide for Environmental Impact Assessment
32% (13)
Enacted legislation on watershed planning, which includes coastal
27% (11)
watershed management
Developed specific institutions or interagency mechanisms for the
20% (8)
coordination of integrated coastal and ocean management
Enacted National Coastal Zone Acts
7% (3)
Delimited EEZ and deposited EEZ coordinates with the UN Division of
0% (0)
30
Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea (DOALOS)
15

---

Small Island Developing States and Oceans (cont)
· Many nations need to develop specific
institutions or processes to implement
cross-cutting approaches to planning and
management of oceans and coasts
· Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy:
­ Institutional capacity, as well as human, technical, and financial
resources need to be developed and strengthened
­ Additional financial support is needed (Official Development
Assistance to SIDS has declined by 50% in some cases since 1994)
­ There is a need for a SIDS-driven mechanism to provide
operational guidance, mobilization of support, oversight, and
monitoring and reporting on progress (or lack thereof) (a need for
the formalization of AOSIS)
31
Priorities from Hanoi Conference
Small Island Developing States and Oceans
· Adaptation to climate change and role of CZM
· Sustainable natural resources management and
ecosystem-based management, including for
fisheries
· Delineation of continental shelf
· Capacity building for coastal and marine
management
32
16

---

Strategic Issues
33
3. Fisheries and Aquaculture
WSSD Goals
Implement the FAO International Plan of Action (IPOA) on Illegal,
Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing 2004
Implement the FAO IPOA on Fishing Capacity by 2005
Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported, and
unregulated fishing and to overcapacity
Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks no later than 2015
34
17

---

Sustainable Fisheries Development
The Bottom Line
· 76% of all marine fish stocks are
being fished at or beyond their
biological limits
· 25 National Plans of Action on
IUU have been developed
· 1 National Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing
Capacity has been developed and submitted to FAO
· There are encouraging signs that the groundwork for the
enabling conditions to meet the 2015 goal is being laid (e.g.
increased consideration of ecosystem approaches to
35
fisheries, etc.)
Fisheries and Aquaculture
· Hanoi Conference focused on four themes:
­ Reform of Regional Fisheries Management
Organizations (RFMOs)
­ IUU Fishing
­ Fishing overcapacity
­ Sustainable aquaculture
· Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries
"Climate change will prompt unprecedented, extraordinary, and
lasting change in various fisheries to which fishing people will have
great difficulty in adapting (Ior may not even able to do so). Fish
species that have never been seen before may suddenly become
abundant in an area while traditionally-fished species may
disappear, deeply affecting coastal communities, shore-side
fisheries facilities, and supporting infrastructure" (McGoodwin,
2008)
36
18

---

Fisheries and Aquaculture ­ Moving Forward
· RFMO Reform
· Harmonized review criteria for RFMOs recently prepared
· Various RFMOs undergoing external and/or internal review
· IUU Fishing
­ Market-based Measures
· trade tracking
· trade restrictive measures to monitor and restrict movement of
illegal product
­ Fishing Nations need to strengthen global monitoring,
control and surveillance (MCS) efforts:
(1) have Vessel Monitoring Systems on all large-scale fishing vessels
no later than the end of 2008;
(2) complete a legally binding instrument on port State measures;
(3) develop a comprehensive global register of fishing vessels; and
(4) increase their participation in the International MCS Network.
37
Fisheries and Aquaculture
· Overcapacity
­ (1) Substantially decrease the incentives for fishers to maintain or increase
fishing capacity when there is already overcapacity, both domestically and
internationally,
­ (2) Strengthen RFMO/As ability to address capacity, including development
of appropriate incentives.
­ (3) Mitigate the effects generated by perverse incentives as part of moving
to harvest rights systems, such as vessel buyback/decommissioning
schemes, individual quota systems, and limited license programs.
· Aquaculture
­ Formally adopt the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (i.e. in the UN General
Assembly or at COFI) as was done for capture fisheries. The definition would
include the precautionary approach (already available for species introduction),
risk analysis and management and adaptation strategies to climate change);
­ Develop the required policy, legal frameworks and institutional arrangements
towards ecosystem approach;
­ Develop guiding documentation and best practices:
· area-based integrated aquaculture planning and management;
· joint development planning for coastal fisheries and aquaculture
· participative management of aquaculture areas
38
· eco-certification of aquaculture for large and small scale enterprises
19

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4. Protection of Marine Biodiversity and
Networks of Marine Protected Areas
WSSD Goals
Achieve by 2010 a significant
reduction of the current rate of
biodiversity loss
Establishment of marine
protected areas, including
representative networks by 2012
· Through the Convention on
Biological Diversity, monitoring
and regular reporting of progress
on biodiversity conservation occurs
through national reports,
conferences of the parties, and
39
scientific and technical meetings
Reduce biodiversity loss by 2010: Status
· CBD 2010 Indicators:
­ Information available on extent of selected biomes, ecosystems and
habitats; information on impacts of human exploitation and other
factors and of corresponding management initiatives is uneven, for
most resources patchy, except for coral reefs
­ Data on trends in abundance and distribution of many marine
species are very limited, except for population trends on larger,
more charismatic species (sea turtles, cetaceans, seabirds, large
fish) and overall the trends are not good --i.e. the rate of
biodiversity loss is not being reduced
­ A baseline for marine biodiversity is currently being established
through the Census of Marine Life (CoML)23, a 10-year program
that started in 2000 and involves over 2000 researchers from over
80 countries.
40
20

---

Reduce biodiversity loss by 2010: Status
· CBD 2010 Indicators:
­ The threatened status of species is measured by IUCN and
recorded in the IUCN Red List
­ For a few species that have been well monitored, data indicate
changes in threat status: not very good for most--e.g. seabirds
­ For most marine species, there is still no preliminary assessment of
threat status
­ In 2005, the Global Marine Species Assessment (GMSA) was set up
as a joint effort of IUCN/SSC under the MCSC, with Conservation
International and other partners, to ensure that the conservation
status of every marine vertebrate species and of selected
invertebrates and plants is reviewed, with a target of 20,000 species
assessed by 2012.
­ The reef-building corals have been assessed for the Caribbean, the
Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Indo-Pacific regions; the results
will be released this year.
41
MPA `targets' for 2012
· 10% of each biome protected
­ This 10% target, although generic, is based on
knowledge of terrestrial ecosystems. For marine
ecosystems, scientific research suggests that 20-30%
should be put aside as protected no-take area.
· Representative, resilient and connected networks
of MPAs in place by 2012
· Improved management effectiveness
42
21

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Establish MPAs and networks by 2012:
Status
Status of MPAs*
Percentage of Reporting Coastal
Countries (no. of countries)
Designated some MPAs
81.8% (81)
Management plans developed with involvement of all stakeholders
69.6% (69)
Have effective management with enforcement and monitoring
46.4% (46)
Have plans to develop new MPAs
92.9% (92)
Have plans to improve management of existing MPAs
90.9 % (90)
MPA system or network under development
61.6% (61)
MPA system or network in place
32.3 % (32)
Total Number of Reporting Coastal Countries = 99
(CBD 3rd National Reports as of June 3, 2008)
43
Reduce biodiversity loss by 2010:
Recommendations
· Highlight successful initiatives that demonstrate the value and national
benefits of marine biodiversity conservation, such as MPAs, especially
for climate change adaptation
· Help establish partnerships among governments, donors, IGOs and the
private sector in addressing funding constraints, e.g., an informal
partnership mechanism for the implementation of the Jakarta
Mandate ("Friends of the Jakarta Mandate")
· Incorporate outcomes of the Global Oceans Conference into CBD (e.g.,
COP) and other processes
· Support initiatives that address the need to build resilience in coral
reefs through national and regional initiatives such as the Coral
Triangle Initiative (CTI)
· Collaborate with IMO and the media in promoting the GloBallast
Program and the application of IMO ballast water guidelines
44
22

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Establish MPAs and networks by
2012: Recommendations
· Provide support in tracking global progress on
MPAs by encouraging improved national
reporting to CBD by the appropriate national
agencies with the use of standardized comparable
measures
· Assist countries in expanding MPA areas and
improving MPA effectiveness by helping mobilize
adequate technical support, e.g., tools, guidelines,
knowledge and experiences, human capacity
45
5. Freshwater to Oceans: IWRM and GPA
· 80% of the pollution load in oceans comes from
land-based sources
· Discussion of freshwater management and coastal
and oceans management typically take place in
separate fora
· Important to address challenge of linking freshwater
to coasts and oceans
· Global Forum mobilized Working Group to address
disconnect between the management of inland
waters and coastal ecosystems
46
23

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Integrated Water Resources Management
WSSD Goal
Develop integrated water resource management
(IWRM) plans by 2005
· Advances have been made in developing the framework for integrating
watershed and coastal management, but the challenge remains
regarding the capacity to implement these programs
· UN Water Survey (2007)
­ 77 developing or countries in transition
· 2 (3%) have fully implemented national IWRM plans
· 17 (22%) have national IWRM plans in place or partially implemented
­ 27 developed countries
· 6 (22%) have fully implemented national IWRM plans
· 10 (37%) have plans in place and partially implemented
47
Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment (GPA)
WSSD Goal
Advance implementation of the
GPA and the Montreal
Declaration, with particular
emphasis in the period 2002-2006
on municipal wastewater, the
physical alteration and destruction
of habitats, and nutrients
· Development of National
Programmes of Action for
control of land-based
activities (NPAs)
48
24

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Global Programme of Action for the
Protection of the Marine Environment (GPA)
The Bottom Line
· 60+ countries are in the process of developing, or have
finalized, their respective NPAs (the extent of
implementation is uncertain)
· Progress achieved was reviewed and program of work for
the period 2007-2011 was developed during the Second
Intergovernmental Review of the GPA (October 16- 20,
2006 in Beijing, China)
49
Freshwater to Oceans
· Recommendations from the Global Forum Working Group on
Freshwater to Oceans:
­ Both communities take steps to coordinate at all levels at the local,
national, regional, and global level, e.g., at the 5th World Water
Forum and the Global Oceans Conference, both in 2009
­ Take steps to communicate the seriousness of the issue and need
for integration, including the cost of inaction, and create the
political will to act
­ Pay particular attention to non-point sources of pollution as
responsible for most of the coastal/marine pollution, and
encourage the agricultural community to take actions to protect
our oceans
­ Conduct joint demonstration projects to help develop and test the
tools and good practices in integrated river and coastal
management
­ Develop capacity and raise funds, particularly in the developing
countries, and call for action and support by the international 50
community
25

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Freshwater to Oceans
· Determine how IWRM, GPA, ICM, and
EEZ planning can be done harmoniously in
a nested governance system
51
Global Reporting and Assessment of
Marine Environment (GRAME)
WSSD Goal
Establish a regular process under the
United Nations for global reporting and
assessment of the state of the marine
environment, including socioeconomic
aspects, by 2004
The Bottom Line
· Implementation (carrying a 2004 date) was
Large Marine Ecosystems (UNEP 2003)
significantly delayed due to political
differences among nations, but now moving
· The first step is an Assessment of
Assessments conducted by a Group of
Experts, expected to take two years (final
draft spring 2009), to develop a framework
UNEP Regional Seas (UNEP 2003)
and options for the regular GMA process
after evaluation of the current assessment
52
landscape
26

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Coordination of UN activities on Oceans
WSSD Goal
Establish an inter-agency coordination
mechanism on ocean and coastal issues
within the United Nations system
The Bottom Line
· This goal has been largely accomplished
­ an inter-agency coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal
issues within the UN system, in the form of UN-OCEANS, has
been established and is meeting regularly, making its discussions
and decisions publicly available through the Internet
53
Millennium Development Goals
MDG Goals (2015)
Goal 1 - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (Target 1: Reduce by half the proportion of
people living on less than a dollar a day by 2015 and Target 2: Reduce by half the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger by 2015)
Goal 7 ­ Ensure environmental sustainability (Target 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and programmes and reverse the losses of environmental
resources and Target 10: Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation)
Goal 8 - Develop a global partnership for development (Target 14: Address the special needs of
land-locked countries and small island developing States (through the Program of Action for
the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and 22nd General Assembly
provisions)
Added in 2005 through UNGA Resolution 60/1: Improve cooperation and coordination at all
levels in order to address issues related to oceans and seas and promote integrated management
and sustainable development of the oceans and seas
·
Increasingly ICM programs are incorporating poverty alleviation as a goal (Tanzania: a
major model)
·
But difficult to ascertain whether the MDG are being met in ocean and coastal areas due to
lack of assessment of socioeconomic data in the context of ocean and coastal communities
54
·
The role of oceans is not sufficiently taken into consideration in the MDG environmental
sustainability goal
27

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Difficulties in Assessing Progress on WSSD Goals
· Need better evaluation frameworks, including progress
indicators
· No one institution charged with the periodic collection and
assessment of data on the cross-cutting oceans goals
· No regular collection and assessment of data on the socio-
economic well-being of coastal communities
55
6. Maritime Transportation
WSSD Goals
­ (a) Invite States to ratify or accede to and implement the conventions and protocols and
other relevant instruments of the International Maritime Organization relating to the
enhancement of maritime safety and protection of the marine environment from marine
pollution and environmental damage caused by ships, including the use of toxic anti-
fouling paints, and urge the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to consider
stronger mechanisms to secure the implementation of IMO instruments by flag States;
­ (b) Accelerate the development of measures to address invasive alien species in ballast
water. Urge the International Maritime Organization to finalize its draft International
Convention on the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments."
·
Progress has been made towards meeting these objectives
­ February 2004: IMO adopts International Convention for the Control and Management
of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
­ May 2005: MARPOL Annex VI (air emissions) entered into force
­ September 2008: International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling
Systems on Ships enters into force
·
Continued work is needed in many areas
­ Marine biosecurity
­ Ship breaking and recycling
­ Oil spill preparedness
­ Increased ratification of IMO instruments
56
28

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Hanoi Conference Results
III. Improve Governance of Marine Areas
Beyond National Jurisdiction
57
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
http://www.thew2o.net/58
29

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Governance of Areas Beyond National
Jurisdiction (64% of Oceans)
· Last global commons
· Deep divide between developed and developing countries
· Major issues:
--There are significant threats to marine biodiversity (20-25% loss of marine
biodiversity= 50-80% loss of ecosystem function)
--Management is highly sectoral, no opportunity for area-wide environmental
assessment, ultimately management
--No regime for management of marine genetic resources and of benefit
sharing
--Need to enhance management of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction,
toward more ecosystem-based, integrated governance
--High seas issues give us a window on the global oceans and climate issues
59
Results of the Hanoi Conference
1. A sense of urgency­ need to begin moving toward
ecosystem-based integrated management
2. 3 forcing functions:
­ Effects of uses on marine biodiversity and the
marine environment
­ Effects of uses on one another (multiple use
conflicts)
­ Effects of climate change
60
30

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Existing Situation
Sectoral management of different uses by different
global and regional institutions
Submarine cables
Fisheries
Shipping
Marine scientific research
Oil and gas development
Deepseabed mining
Dumping and marine litter
61
Existing situation
Emerging uses not yet adequately managed,
legal/policy gaps
­ Bioprospecting
­ Carbon storage and sequestration
­ Iron fertilization
­ Mariculture facilities
­ Floating energy facilities
62
31

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What does Moving Toward
Ecosystem-Based Integrated
Management in Areas Beyond
National Jurisdiction Mean?
63
Moving Toward EBM/ICM
1. Enunciation and application of governing
principles
2. Capacity for area-based assessment, planning,
ultimately decision-making
3. Institutional capacity for addressing
interactions among uses and their effects on
biodiversity and the environment
4. Enforcement capacity
5. Funding considerations
64
32

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SECTORAL
CROSS-SECTORAL
Sectoral
Some Sectoral
Cross-Sectoral
Authorities
Coordination
Coordination
· Use of codes of
· Council of
· Expanded ISA
conduct
sectoral authorities
· New Global
· Enhanced
· Area-wide
Programme of
enforcement and
environmental
Action
compliance
impact assessment
· Stewardship
· Improvement of
· Expanded
Council
fisheries
UNICPOLOS
management
· UN Trusteeship
· Expanded UN-
organizations
Council
OCEANS
(RFMOs)
65
Options for moving forward
·
Enhanced implementation of existing international instruments and their
coverage
·
A voluntary code or codes of conduct
·
Amending or extending mandates of existing institutions such as RFMOs and
RSPs
·
Forming new regional institutions as required
·
A new GPA on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
·
A new implementing agreement to UNCLOS to implement new provisions in
relation to marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, particularly on marine
genetic resources
·
An amendment to UNCLOS
·
A joint protocol between the CBD and UNCLOS
66
33

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Hanoi Conference Results
IV. Some Cross-Cutting Issues
Compliance and Enforcement
Capacity Building
Public Education and Outreach
67
Hanoi Conference Results
Some cross-cutting issues
--Compliance and Enforcement­ need to enhance
existing provisions and build capacity
--Capacity Development­ emphasized in all the
policy briefs
­ Development of ocean leadership
­ World Ocean Leadership Academy
--Public Education and Outreach­ currently World
Ocean Network (250 participating organizations)
reach 250-300 million people a year through the
museums and aquaria. Ultimate goal 6.5 billion
inhabitants
68
34

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"Once people know and understand then
they might care and act"
69
What is needed to address the
issues?
Political Will/Public Support
­ Expressed in 2002 at WSSD
­ But political will on oceans must be constantly
rekindled
­ Must:
· Constantly raise awareness of the ecological, economic, and
social importance of oceans
· Constantly engage in fostering public awareness on oceans and
in media campaigns
Funding
­ While there have been increases in oceans funding, will need more
funds, especially on climate change effects
70
35

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What is Needed?
Enhance institutional intersectoral capacity to respond
to complex and unforeseen changes
· UN segmented system has difficulty dealing with intertwined issues
· Must connect the different sectoral processes--e.g., CBD, UNFCC,
FAO, IMO, IOC, etc.
· Same problems at the national level
Capacity development
· Need to develop, on a long-term basis and with in-country institutions,
institutional and technical capacity for ecosystem-based integrated
ocean and coastal managements in developing countries, SIDS, and
economies in transition. Development of ocean leaders.
Must form coalitions
· No one can do it alone. Governments, UN, NGOs, private sector,
donors, science sector
71
Conference Results
· Results of the conference and a Global Oceans Agenda
for 2006-2016 are being broadly distributed:
­ To the public by the Global Forum, the World
Ocean Network and the World Ocean Observatory,
which have created a special website and YouTube
channel designed specifically for the proceedings of
the conference
· http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008
­ Int. Inst. For Sust Development--Reporting Services
Bulletin (ENB) daily coverage of conference
proceedings; reaching 45,000 national and
international experts in sustainable development 72
· http://www.iisd.ca/ymb/sdoh4/
36

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Conference Results
· Recommendations to national governments, donors, United
Nations agencies and UN General Assembly
· Disseminated to world ocean leaders at the World Ocean
Conference, Manado, Indonesia, May 11-15, 2009
· 5th Global Oceans Conference, April 2010
You are kindly invited to participate in the Global Forum Working
Groups and to join us at the 5th Global Oceans Conference and in
Manado!
www.globaloceans.org
73
37

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DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT

UNEDITED DRAFT--DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE
June 19, 2008

For discussion purposes at the
Global Forum Steering Committee
June 22, 2008
Explorers Club
New York


Recommendations for Action
Emanating from the 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:
Advancing Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Management in the Context of Climate Change
April 7-11, 2008, Hanoi Vietnam



Conference Overview
The 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands brought
together 439 ocean and coastal leaders from 62 countries, representing all
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conference Overview...1
sectors, including governments, intergovernmental and international
I. Putting Climate on the Oceans Agenda
organizations, non-governmental organizations, the business community,
and Vice Versa...3
ocean donors, and scientific institutions. The conference assessed essential
II. Review Progress and Next Steps
Needed on Major WSSD Global Ocean
issues in the governance of the world's oceans, with a focus on moving
Goals...10
toward an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to oceans governance
·
Ecosystem-Based Management
at national, regional, and global levels. For the first time, a concerted
(EBM) and Integrated Coastal
and Ocean Management
effort was made to bring oceans policy together with climate change
(ICM)...10
issues, which, as indicated in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental
·
Small Island Developing States
Panel on Climate Change will have profound effects on ecosystems and
(SIDS)...14
·
coastal populations around the world, especially among the poorest people

Fisheries and Aquaculture...18
·
Biodiversity and MPAs...24
on Earth and in small island developing States.
·
Freshwater to Oceans...29

·
Maritime Transportation...32
III. Improve Governance of Marine Areas
The conference focused especially on assessing the progress that has been
Beyond National Jurisdiction...35
achieved (or lack thereof) on the global oceans targets established by the
IV. Cross-Cutting Issues...39
world's political leaders at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
·
Compliance and
Development: Achieving ecosystem-based and integrated ocean and
Enforcement...39
·
coastal management by 2010, reducing marine biodiversity loss by 2010,

Capacity Building...42
·
Public Education...46
establishing networks of marine protected areas by 2012, and restoring
fishery stocks by 2015, among others.

The conference underlined that ocean and coastal managers are at the front line of climate changes. The climate
issues that ocean and coastal leaders around the world will need to face will ineradicably change the nature of
ocean and coastal management, introducing increased uncertainty, the need to incorporate climate change

1

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planning into all existing management processes, the need to develop and apply new tools related to
vulnerability assessment, and the need to make difficult choices in what in many cases will be "no win"
situations, involving adverse impacts to vulnerable ecosystems and communities. Conference participants
underlined that we must begin this process now, including altering coastal development that is already in the
pipeline--we don't have the luxury of waiting 10 years before we consider the implications and before we act.

An extensive preparatory process involving twelve multinational Working Groups (involving 254 ocean experts
from 68 countries representing all sectors and regions of the world) was mobilized to prepare analyses and
specific policy recommendations to the 4th Global Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam, April 7-11, 2008. The Policy
Briefs prepared by each Working Group are available on the YouTube Channel noted below.

Coverage of the Global Conference is available at the following sites:
· The Global Forum, the World Ocean Network and the World Ocean Observatory have created a special
GOC2008 website and YouTube channel designed specifically to inform audiences across the world about
the context and work of the Global Forum using rich media.

GOC2008 Website:
http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008/index.html

GOC2008 YouTube Channel:
http://www.youtube.com/globaloceans2008

These sites enable viewers to:
o Explore the proceedings of the Conference and each major ocean issue being addressed
o View the reports, recommendations, and Policy Briefs of the Global Forum's 12 Working Groups,
which have been mobilized to provide recommendations on priority next steps that the international
community should take on major ocean issues
o Watch ocean and coastal experts from various sectors around the globe in brief interviews
addressing major ocean topics and issues.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development ­ Reporting Services (IISDRS) provided daily coverage
of Conference proceedings. This report is available at http://www.iisd.ca/download/pdf/sd/ymbvol68num4e.pdf.

Recommendations for Action
This report provides a summary of the findings in each major issue area and provides a set of recommendations
for action in draft form. This report has been prepared by the Global Forum Secretariat--Miriam Balgos,
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Shelby M. Hockenberry, Kathleen McCole, Caitlin Snyder, and Kateryna Wowk--on the
basis of the policy briefs, conference presentations and discussions, and other materials.

The recommendations for action represent a starting point for discussions on advancing the global oceans
agenda to 2016. The next steps will involve refinement of the recommendations for action through discussions
with the Global Forum Steering Committee, Global Forum Working Groups, and other relevant parties.

For further information, please contact Dr. Miriam Balgos, Program Coordinator, Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands, at the Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716 USA, telephone 1-302-831-8086, email: mbalgos@udel.edu

2

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I. Putting Climate on the Oceans Agenda and Vice Versa

Climate and Oceans

Major Findings:

WSSD Goals
Protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development
-- Promote the implementation of chapter 17 of Agenda 21, which provides the programme of action for achieving the sustainable development of oceans,
coastal areas and seas through its programme areas of integrated management and sustainable development of coastal areas, including exclusive economic
zones; marine environmental protection; sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources; addressing critical uncertainties for the management of the
marine environment and climate change; strengthening international, including regional, cooperation and coordination; and sustainable development of small
islands (emphasis added).
--Reduce the risks of flooding and drought in vulnerable countries by, inter alia, promoting wetland and watershed protection and restoration, improved land-use
planning, improving and applying more widely techniques and methodologies for assessing the potential adverse effects of climate change on wetlands and, as
appropriate, assisting countries that are particularly vulnerable to those effects.
--Improve techniques and methodologies for assessing the effects of climate change, and encourage the continuing assessment of those adverse effects by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
--Meet all the commitments and obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
--Work cooperatively towards achieving the objectives of the Convention.
--Provide technical and financial assistance and capacity -building to developing countries and countries with economies in transition in accordance with
commitments under the Convention, including the Marrakesh Accords.
--Build and enhance scientific and technological capabilities, inter alia, through continuing support to the IPCC for the exchange of scientific data and
information especially in developing countries.
--Develop and transfer technological solutions.
--Develop and disseminate innovative technologies in regard to key sectors of development, particularly energy, and of investment in this regard, including
through private sector involvement, market-oriented approaches, and supportive public policies and international cooperation.
--Promote the systematic observation of the Earth's atmosphere, land and oceans by improving monitoring stations, increasing the use of satellites and
appropriate integration of these observations to produce high-quality data that could be disseminated for the use of all countries, in particular developing
countries.
--Enhance the implementation of national, regional and international strategies to monitor the Earth's atmosphere, land and oceans, including, as appropriate,
strategies for integrated global observations, inter alia, with the cooperation of relevant international organizations, especially the specialized agencies, in
cooperation with the Convention.
--Support initiatives to assess the consequences of climate change, such as the Arctic Council initiative, including the environmental, economic and social
impacts on local and indigenous communities.

Sustainable development of small island developing States
--Assist small island developing States in mobilizing adequate resources and partnerships for their adaptation needs relating to the adverse effects of climate
change, sea level rise and climate variability, consistent with commitments under the UNFCCC, where applicable.

3

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Sustainable development for Africa
--Assist African countries in mobilizing adequate resources for their adaptation needs relating to the adverse effects of climate change, extreme weather
events, sea level rise and climate variability, and assist in developing national climate change strategies and mitigation programmes, and continue to take actions
to mitigate the adverse effects on climate change in Africa, consistent with the UNFCCC.
--Continue to support and collaborate with international scientific assessments supporting decision -making, including the IPCC, with the broad participation of
developing country experts;

MDG Goals
--Improve cooperation and coordination at all levels in order to address issues related to oceans and seas in an integrated manner and promote integrated
management and sustainable development of the oceans and seas.

Background
The oceans are a part of the climate system and play a major role in regulating climate conditions. Changes in atmospheric conditions (temperature and weather
patterns) can have a profound impact on the functioning of ocean, coastal and island ecosystems. In some cases, these impacts are already being seen, with
increases in coastal flooding, storm intensity, and potentially changing current patterns. Ocean acidification, caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere, poses adverse effects on calcifying species such as corals, echinoderms, crustaceans and molluscs as well as certain
phytoplankton. Current evidence suggests that changes in the biogeochemistry of the marine environment over the next decades can be minimized with early
and deep reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. In its 2007 report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), amid growing global concern,
called urgent attention to the growing "climate divide" that exists between the developed and the developing world, that is, the brunt of the damage acting as the
catalyst for global climate change has been created by the developed world but its impacts will be felt most readily by the developing world.

Major Challenges
Oceans and the atmosphere are changing at a rate that is faster than previously experienced, which is threatening our life support system and human security.
Most of the increased heat of the earth during recent decades has gone into the ocean. The increased energy of the ocean atmosphere system is driving an
increase in weather variability with more extremes. Storm intensity is about five times larger than expected, and hurricane intensity has grown. This generates
hazards and disasters not only in coastal areas, but also on land, as demonstrated in 2007 in Europe and Asia. Sea level is rising almost by a factor of two, faster
than it did during the half century prior to 1990. This, together with acidification and coral reef breakdown, threaten many islands and low lying areas. This has
potential geopolitical implications as regards food production, migration of people, poverty enhancements, local and regional conflicts, possibly failed States,
rural decline, migration to urban centers, increasing unemployment, disruption of livelihoods in vulnerable countries, and the disruption of services, e.g. for
tourism, transport, and sanitation.

As the chair of the IPCC panel noted "It's the poorest of the poor in the world, and this includes poor people even in prosperous societies, who are going to be
the worst hit... [as] people who are poor are least equipped to be able to adapt to the impacts of climate change and therefore, in some sense, this does become a
global responsibility" (IPCC 2007).

Developing nations in Africa (which account for less than 3% of global carbon emissions) and Asia would be most affected and the developed wealthy nations
far from the equator least affected. Asia will be particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, especially major population centers at low elevations
including: Mumbai, India; Shanghai, China; Jakarta, Indonesia; Tokyo, Japan; and Dhaka, Bangladesh. The five most vulnerable countries with large
populations are China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The countries most threatened when looking at largest total land area are Russia, Canada, the
United States, China, and Indonesia. The impact of climate change on developing nations, especially SIDS, is significant and the implications of these potential

4

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effects range from changes in ocean chemistry and forecasted sea level rise to impacts on ecosystems and human health. The need to address these issues in the
oceans community is a vital first step in combating the potentially devastating effects of climate change with specific attention to the developing world and
SIDS.

Looking at the issue of food security it was found that food prices are rising due to climate change and other factors, such as the use of crops for biofuels. It was
also found that there have been large impacts on sea and freshwater fisheries through overfishing, pollution, habitat losses and destructive fisheries.
Furthermore, ecosystems and biodiversity have been changing, and globally we are experiencing climate variability (El Niño, other oscillations) which shifts the
distribution of fish. When viewed in combination with other pressures on marine living resources, severe impacts on food security constitutes a high risk.

Regarding coastal areas, habitats, and related ecosystems the Working Group noted sea level changes, a general lack of a stable coastline, increased erosion,
storm and tidal surges, hurricane impacts, inundations and variations in ecosystems due to temperature changes. Adaptation will depend upon coastal
development: natural systems such as beaches, dunes, wetlands and estuaries can adapt naturally to changes in sea level, wind, currents and wave patterns.
Planned retreat is also possible when infrastructure development is limited. Adaptation in areas with large infrastructure development needs to rely on
protection efforts such as dikes and walls, or beach nourishment, restoration and/or wetland creation.

Changes are occurring faster than predicted. Recent analyses provide evidence of high rates of warming in all but three (94 percent) of the world's 64 Large
Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (Sherman et al., 2007), which significantly exceeds reports of the IPCC. CO2 increases have caused the oceans to become more
acidic in a very short period, greater than any level experienced for 300 million years. Looking at ocean warming, more than 80% of the world's coral reefs will
die in this century if warming continues. Complicating these impacts are other threats, including pollution and habitat destruction, which are restricting the
ability of ecosystems to recover.

The global community must remain cognizant that we have the tools to solve the problems and that integrated management is the way. As coastal and ocean
managers, we can offer solutions to building resiliency. Ultimately, we must also be cognizant of our actions and ensure that our mitigation efforts do not lead
to unintended consequences.


Major Agenda
Ocean and coastal leaders are at the frontline of climate change effects:

1. Put ocean/climate issues in the climate negotiations and vice versa

2. Link the effects of climate change and the ocean with human security (e.g., food security, water security, population displacement)

3. Understand and develop policy responses to global ocean changes (ocean warming, ocean acidification, changes in currents, changes in polar regions, etc.)

4. Address the "climate divide" and encourage international commitments and funding mechanisms to respond to the differential effects of climate change on
different regions and peoples, especially in developing countries and in SIDS

5. Encourage a wide range of adaptation efforts

6. Properly manage mitigation efforts that use and rely upon the oceans

5

---

­carbon storage and sequestration
­iron fertilization

7. Encourage alternative forms of energy using the oceans (e.g., offshore windpower, tidal power, wave power, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) and develop
appropriate regulatory frameworks for these

8. Enhance capacity building to address climate change effects (train personnel and seek advice on the most appropriate approaches), particularly in developing
nations and in small island developing States


Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


1. Put ocean/climate issues in the ocean and climate
--UNFCCC
--Work with UNFCCC
-- UNFCCC (COP14),
negotiations and vice versa


December 1-12, 2008, Poznan,
-- Continue to place and reinforce the climate/ocean

--Organize international meeting
Poland
linkage on the international agenda

on climate and oceans; invite key
--pre-Manado meeting (2009)


collaborators to co-convene
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
-- Inform existing processes and enhance their ability to --IPCC needs greater focus on

-- G8 Italy, June 2009
address the climate challenge as relates to ocean and
oceans and coasts
--Input information to IPCC to
-- UNFCCC (COP15),
coastal issues

generate greater emphasis on
Copenhagen, Denmark,


oceans in the climate challenge
December 2009
-- Emphasize that climate change is occurring faster



than the models predict















2. Link the effects of climate change and the ocean
--Climate change as a UNGA/
--Devise key messages to
-- UNFCCC (COP14)
with human security (e.g., food security, water
UN SC issue/ICP-9
negotiate in key processes
--Highlight at pre-Manado
security, population displacement)


meeting (2009)

--CSD reform
--Work with key spokespersons
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
-- Increased political tension requires more

(e.g., AOSIS)
-- G8 Italy, June 2009
intergovernmental dialogue
--Involve WWF, FAO, CDM;

-- UNFCCC (COP15)

work with Ambassadors/other
--Link to ICP-9

-- Focus on concept of human security (and in
high level who are already


particular food and water security) and economic
involved
--Focus on SIDS and Arctic case

valuation; marine systems valued at $800 billion/yr

as major bellwethers of


--Engage fisheries and food
forthcoming changes

--Focus on the development of international law on
production industries on


environmental refugees
preservation and protection
--Continue to highlight urgent


measures; involve WTO,
global issues at highest levels


utilize economic instruments



6

---

3. Understand and develop policy responses to
--GOOS, others: develop /
--Develop appropriate policy
--UNFCCC (COP14)
global ocean changes
enhance modeling, forecasting
responses to global ocean changes --pre-Manado meeting (2009)
--ocean warming, ocean acidification, changes in
and warning tools; adequate
and convene an international
--G8 Italy, June 2009
currents, changes in polar regions, etc.
ocean, atmosphere, ice and
meeting to consider policy
--UNFCCC (COP15)

land observations
options

While there is growing scientific evidence on these



issues, there has been little work on developing possible --Scientists: provide assistance --Provide information on changes --Meeting on oceans
policy responses
in developing warning
in ocean conditions and what
acidification, September 2009,

systems, suggesting
these mean for fisheries and
Monaco

observations, interpretations,
aquaculture/other to
--WOC, May 2009, Manado -

modeling, forecasting, related
decisionmakers
bring in experts on these issues

networks for data/information



exchange and the identification --Feed information to global


of gaps, and help with
public, Friends of Climate


measures to protect coastal
Change and governments; help to

zones.
mount pressure on governments



to act


--Educators to enhance global



education

















--UNFCCC (COP14)
4. Address the "climate divide" and encourage
-- Adaptation Fund
--Mobilize for progress in
--pre-Manado meeting (2009)
international commitments and funding

Adaptation Fund
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
mechanisms to respond to the differential effects of
--World Bank/donor agencies

--G8 Italy, June 2009
climate change on different regions and peoples
and countries
--Work with key spokespersons /
--UNFCCC (COP15)


leaders, including from SIDS and
--Understand effects and where they will occur
--AOSIS
from coastal developing countries




--Understand magnitude of what is needed
--Sea Level Rise Foundation
--Target focus of donors


and other SIDS-driven


--Address refugee situation
mechanisms
--Communicate with high-level



decisionmakers; raise awareness

--SIDS and developing countries need to obtain
--IPCC should do a detailed


adequate shares of adaptation funds
study of climate effects in
--Highlight special cases/


SIDS
personalize issues (for example,

--Adaptation Fund needs to be conceived in hard-

displacement of citizens of


7

---

structure and soft- terms
--Bring in educator /media
Kiribati)





--Utilize country-driven mechanisms for addressing



differential impacts on different populations to the



extent possible, e.g. Sea Level Rise Foundation and



other SIDS-driven mechanisms







--Bring in educators and media to highlight the issue



and help to personalize the climate divide with the



general public










--UNFCCC (COP14)
5. Encourage a wide range of adaptation efforts
--International agencies
--Emphasize need to embrace a
--pre-Manado meeting (2009)

--Government agencies
wide range of efforts including
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
--Clarify and implement actions which can be taken in
--Business/private industry,
hard structures (dykes, protective
--G8 Italy, June 2009
the near-term
individuals
walls) and soft measures (beach
--UNFCCC (COP15)

--Tourism and insurance
renourishment, protecting natural

--Promote the notion that adaptation needs to begin
industries as prominent cases
barriers (wetlands))

immediately, including regarding development already



in the pipeline

--Provide successful



examples/best practices

--Encourage wide-range of adaptation efforts (e.g.,



protecting wetlands, as well as hard structure solutions)
--Provide cost-effective



approaches and methodologies

--RFMOs need to anticipate changes in the structure/



location of stocks and adapt accordingly







--Focus on identifying and implementing practical,



cost-effective and wide-ranging approaches











6. Properly manage mitigation efforts that use and
--International agencies
--Investigate current state of
--UNFCCC (COP14)
rely upon the oceans
--National governments
applications, development of
--pre-Manado meeting (2009)

--Offshore oil and gas
regulatory frameworks
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
--Clarify and implement actions which can be taken in
companies

--G8 Italy, June 2009
the near-term


--UNFCCC (COP15)




--Identify guidelines and appropriate regulatory


frameworks for carbon sequestration





--Promote cautionary messages on ocean iron



8

---

fertilization








7. Encourage alternative forms of energy using the
--Government agencies
--Investigate and promote the use
oceans (e.g., offshore windpower, tidal power, wave

of best-practices; look to country
power, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) and
--Business/private industry,
examples (e.g., Denmark,
develop appropriate regulatory frameworks for
individuals
Germany)
these



--Organized networks on
--Look at good management cases
--Consider energy sector vulnerabilities: storms -
marine renewable resources
of these resources and promote
oilrigs, pipelines & refineries; heat waves and A/C

where appropriate
demands; tundra and pipelines; Mt. Glaciers and


hydropower; sea level rise and nuclear plants; biofuels -

storms and drought; pests, pathogens and weeds.








8. Enhance capacity building to address climate
--World Bank/donor agencies
--Emphasize the urgent need for
change effects
and countries
capacity building among high-
--Train personnel and seek advice on the most
--AOSIS
level decisionmakers
appropriate approaches, particularly in developing
--IOI

nations and small island developing States
--Emphasize climate/ocean

challenges in ocean leadership
training of high-level
decisionmakers












9

---

II. Review Progress and Next Steps Needed on Major WSSD Global Ocean Goals
Ecosystem-Based Management/Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management
Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Biodiversity and MPAs
Freshwater to Oceans
Maritime Transportation


Achieving Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) and Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICM)
by 2010

Major Findings:

WSSD Goals
­ Encourage the application of the ecosystem approach by 2010 for the sustainable development of the oceans, particularly in the management of fisheries and
the conservation of biodiversity
­ Promote integrated coastal and ocean management at the national level and encourage and assist countries in developing ocean policies and mechanisms on
integrated coastal management
­ Assist developing countries in coordinating policies and programs at the regional and sub-regional levels aimed at conservation and sustainable management
of fishery resources and implement integrated coastal area management plans, including through the development of infrastructure

Ecosystem-based Management (EBM)
The ecosystem-based management approach, the definition of which is continuously evolving, is widely embraced but not yet widely implemented on the
ground. The concept has been incorporated in global, regional, national and subnational ocean research, management and conservation initiatives but in general,
implementation is lacking among sectors for a number of reasons, including lack of consensus on what operationalization of EBM entails and lack of capacity
for implementation.

The concept of ecosystem-based management, including its definitions, goals and principles, have been described by a number of organizations at the national
(e.g., US EPAP 1999; Sissenwine and Mace 2001; McLeod et al. 2005; Sissenwine and Murawski 2004; Murawski 2007) and international levels (e.g., by the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); the United Nations Secretary-General (in its report on Oceans and the law of the Sea); the United Nations Open-
ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ICP); and the Communication Partnership for Science and the Sea (COMPASS)).
Countries and regions have taken the EBM approach and its principles into consideration in the planning and implementation of development and environmental
management initiatives. At the 7th meeting of the ICP in 2006, national delegates agreed that "there is no universally agreed definition of an ecosystem approach,
which is interpreted differently in different contexts" although there are key agreed elements of the approach, including: 1) Ecosystems are inclusive of humans;
and 2) Management is inclusive of both conservation and sustainable use of coastal and ocean resources. ICP7 delegates stressed the need for capacity building
for developing States, particularly in marine scientific research and transfer of technologies. At the regional level, EBM is being applied through 11 Large

10

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Marine Ecosystem (LME) projects and regional conventions such as the OSPAR. The CBD principles place emphasis on the importance of local management
and the involvement of stakeholders as well as consideration of all relevant information, including scientific and indigenous knowledge, innovations and
practices. The COMPASS Consensus Statement points to stakeholder involvement, integrated coordinated governance and precautionary approach.

Application of EBM in the Management of Fisheries. An ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management is considered to be a response to the
shortcomings in traditional fisheries management, which has been based on a single-species perspective and model. The web of interactions existing in various
ecological communities, including linkages among different fisheries through catches and through the food web, constrains the effectiveness of single-species
management. Furthermore, even traditionally well-managed single-species fisheries can pose adverse impacts on marine biodiversity. The FAO defines an
ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) as one that strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking into account the knowledge and uncertainties about
living, non-living, and human components of ecosystems and their interactions and applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically meaningful
boundaries, the operationalization of which is embodied in a set of FAO technical guidelines. The implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries is
constrained by lack of resources, conflicting objectives of stakeholders, inadequate participation of stakeholders in decision-making, insufficient knowledge-
base, and equity issues, among others; however, there are is a growing number of countries that have demonstrated EAF in practice (FAO, no date).

Application of EBM in the Conservation of Marine Biodiversity. The application of EBM in specific coastal or ocean ecosystems, such as in coral reefs,
mangroves, seagrasses, and deep seabed ecosystems are in various stages of conceptualization and operationalization, and depend, to a large extent, on the level
of knowledge and expertise available on each ecosystem. The CBD has established indicators for measuring progress in halting the loss of marine biodiversity,
including: 1) Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems and habitats; 2) Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species; and 3) Change in status
of threatened species. It is yet to be established how these trends could be attributed to effective or ineffective implementation of the EBM approach. This topic
is addressed in greater length under the focal area of Marine Biodiversity and Marine Protected Areas.

Integrated Ocean and Coastal Management (ICM)
ICM is a well-established approach, which has a history of more than 20 years. Much has been written about the principles and practice of ICM, which has been
implemented in over 100 countries around the world as reported by Sorensen (2002) and Cicin-Sain et al (2000). Based on the analysis of Third National
Reports submitted to the Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat in 2007, the majority of reporting coastal countries (~57% of 99) are in the early stages
of addressing needed institutional, administrative and legislative arrangements, ~ 19% are in the advanced stages of development, ~8% have necessary
arrangements in place, and ~16% have not undertaken ICM at all. The process of integrated and ocean coastal management takes years before they are firmly
established and yield on-the-ground results, long after external support has been extinguished, which is typically soon after the completion of ICM plans. ICM
initiatives are funded and staffed in a short-term, reactive way, yet their aim is to manage using a sustainable and long-term strategy. Currently, if not absorbed
and mainstreamed into government budgetary allocations, early ICM initiatives languish due to lack of sustained funding and technical support. Furthermore,
like all development initiatives, it also suffers from the difficulty of attributing downstream results to specific ICM interventions and lack of effective
performance measures, resulting in unfavorable reviews of ICM projects from donor agencies. Meanwhile, the degradation of the coastal and marine
environment continues unabated even as coastal and management initiatives have started to take hold.

National Ocean Policies and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Management
In the last 10 years, an increasing number of countries have undertaken combined efforts to formulate and implement an integrated policy for the governance of
their EEZs in order to harmonize existing uses and laws, to foster sustainable development, to protect biodiversity and vulnerable resources and ecosystems, and
to coordinate the actions of the relevant government agencies that are typically involved in ocean governance. It is estimated by the Nippon Foundation
Research Task Force on National Ocean Policies that about 20-30 countries have taken concrete steps toward cross-cutting and integrated national ocean policy
(Cicin-Sain, VanderZwaag and Balgos 2008). These national ocean policies are notably congruent in terms of overall principles and approaches, including EBM
and ICM in particular, and most recognize the need for transparency, public and stakeholder involvement, incentives for cooperative action, and a national ocean

11

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office with clear responsibilities.

Expansion/Scaling up and Regional Approaches. The Partnerships for Environmental Management in the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) has successfully
modeled the pilot and demonstration approach to ICM in 14 East Asian countries (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Democratic People's Republic of
Korea, East-Timor, Indonesia, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Rebpublic, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) where
one or more sites in each country now aims to consolidate and transfer lessons learned to 20% of each country's coastline by 2017. Furthermore, national efforts
are being reinforced by region-wide partnerships created to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia, the
regional framework adopted by 11 East Asian countries to institutionalize regional coordinating mechanisms in ICM. In the Mediterranean, an ICZM Protocol
mandated the establishment of a common framework for the integrated management of the Mediterranean coastal zone and provides for the implementation of
necessary measures to strengthen regional cooperation in addressing continuing severe pressures and problems on coastal resources.

Focus of Working Group
In view of the above findings, the Working Group on Achieving Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management by 2010 has chosen to
focus on the following priority goals: 1) Incorporate ICM into EBM and vice versa; 2) Develop and implement measures of progress; 3) Organize periodic
assessments of progress made; 4) Scale up the application of EBM and ICM; and 5) Develop capacity to implement EBM and ICM.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


--Provide support for nations to implement EBM/ICM
Donor agencies and UN
--Craft a strategy for promoting
2008-2009
approaches, especially in terms of adaptation to climate institutions:
the incorporation of adaptation to 2010 5th Global Conference on
change and natural resource management.
--Provide core funding towards climate change impacts in
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands

the institutionalization of EBM EBM/ICM initiatives in countries CSD 2014-2015
--Assess progress and facilitate information exchange
and ICM mechanisms/
and regions

and best practices
Arrangements



--Ensure that the development
--Collaborate with concerned
2008-2010
--Undertake a funded, systematic effort to track and
and implementation of
government agencies, particularly CBD COP9 (2008) and COP10
monitor ICM/EBM at national and regional levels and
adaptation initiatives under the NOAA, in the conduct of a major (2010)
in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, using
Bali Action Plan and
survey on the progress of

common indicators, perhaps with regional and national
Adaptation Fund are guided by EBM/ICM implementation

leads.
EBM and ICM
around the world, and prepare a



global status report for the 5th

--Fund information clearinghouses and networks,
Scientific/academic/research
Global Oceans Conference

availability of experts, and the development of best
institutions:


practices, utilizing case analyses.
--Continue providing sound
--Support and facilitate the


scientific information as basis
development of core indicators

--Implement capacity building objectives as detailed
for the development and
for EBM and ICM progress and

above.
implementation of
the conduct of case studies in


management and conservation
various countries to assess


initiatives
progress/validate the utility of

--Collaborate with donor,
core indicators and to examine

government and non-
alternative methods of attributing


12

---

government agencies in
on-the-ground impacts to EBM

capacity-building initiatives
and ICM initiatives.

--Develop an effective


methodology for attributing
--Continue working with World
2008-2010
on-the-ground impacts on
Ocean Network and the World
United Nations Decade of
oceans and coasts to EBM and
Ocean Observatory in
Education for Sustainable
ICM initiatives.
systematically channeling sound
Development (2005-2014)

bites of significant information on
Government agencies:
EBM and IBM to decision-

--Work with donor agencies
makers and the public

and stakeholders in


institutionalizing EBM and

2011
ICM, particularly in enacting
Third Intergovernmental
legislation and authorizing
review of the UNEP/GPA
government budgetary
allocation
--Incorporate adaptation to
climate change into EBM/ICM
initiatives

Public Education and
Outreach
Organizations/Civil Society:
--Launch and sustain
information campaigns to
keep/raise EBM and ICM in
the government and donor
agenda and influence public's
behavior towards oceans and
coasts.

Private sector:
--Collaborate with government,
non-government, other
stakeholders through
partnership programs that
promote the implementation of
EBM and ICM, including
capacity building initiatives


13

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Small Island Developing States and Implementation of Mauritius Strategy

WSSD Goal
Undertake a comprehensive review of the implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States in 2004

Major Findings
The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are located throughout the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. SIDS
are recognized by virtue of their small size, small populations, lack of substantial natural resources, remoteness, vulnerability to natural disasters, excessive
dependence upon imports or few economic sectors, high costs of transportation and communication, inaccessibility to economies of scale and disproportionately
higher costs of conducting business. At least 20% of SIDS still qualify as least developed countries (LDCs).

The 2002 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation called for SIDS to "undertake a comprehensive review of the implementation of the Barbados Programme of
Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (BPoA) in 2004." The ten-year review of the BPoA was held in Mauritius in January
2005 and resulted in the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States. The Mauritius Strategy called for priority to be given to ocean and coastal issues, including action to complete delimitation of maritime
boundaries of SIDS, assessment of seabed resources, effective monitoring and enforcement of their territories, implementation of sustainable fisheries strategies,
and development of sound ocean policies.

Following the adoption of the Mauritius Strategy, a number of initiatives have been launched to assist SIDS in the implementation of the strategy. These include
the Convention on Biological Diversity Programme of Work on Island Biodiversity, the Global Island Partnership (GLISPA), regional intergovernmental
meetings convened by UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and efforts by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to address the issue of food
security and climate change. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has funded over USD$180 million of projects in SIDS. The GEF recently announced it
will increase its assistance to SIDS. The University Consortium of Small Island States, launched in 2005, has a mandate to enhance knowledge and advance
graduate studies in SIDS. The Consortium, comprised of the Universities of Malta, Mauritius, South Pacific, the Virgin Islands, and the West Indies, needs to
be further strengthened in order to stimulate development in SIDS, improve governance of the oceans and develop a response to climate change. The UNEP
Shelf Programme, coordinated by UNEP/GRID-Arendal in Norway, assists SIDS and developing nations with delineating the outer limits of their continental
shelves. Currently, twenty-two States have received support from the UNEP Shelf Programme. To date, Barbados is the sole SIDS to have made a submission
to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.


Despite the number of initiatives launched by international organizations to assist SIDS in implementing the Mauritius Strategy, additional work needs to take
place. As of 2005 reports, only 20% of SIDS had developed specific institutions or interagency mechanisms for the coordination of integrated coastal and ocean
management. Only 7% had enacted national coastal zone acts and only 32% have environmental impact assessment regulations and processes in place.
Although 63% of SIDS have a national sea level rise adaptation plan, only 22% have established national institutions to handle climate change and adaptation
issues.





14

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Major Agenda

The Working Group on SIDS identified a number of priority policy areas where significant gaps still exist:
Adaptation to climate change and role of integrated coastal zone management
Adoption of ecosystem-based approach to marine and coastal management, including fisheries
EEZ and high seas marine resources management
Capacity building for coastal and marine management
Emerging threat of marine invasive species

The recommendations to address these gaps are highlighted in the below table.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


-- Obtain a fair share of global climate change funds
-- UNFCC process
-- Support AOSIS in this work
2008-2009

-- Adaptation fund
-- Provide advice to GEF and



others on the Adaptation Fund



and on strategic needs in SIDS





-- Support a SIDS-driven mechanism (with staff
-- Enhance the UNDESA SIDS -- Support AOSIS to achieve a
2008-2009
support) to carry out relevant analyses, promote the
unit
stable SIDS-driven mechanism

common strategic interests of SIDS and oceans, and

and to enhance UN attention to

periodically assess the implementation of the Mauritius
SIDS

Strategy











-- Advance adaptation to climate change and integrated -- Explore the complex issues
-- Carry out analysis related to
2008-2012
coastal zone management in SIDS by:
around climate change
planning and financing for


adaptation such as
adaptation to climate change in

· Developing a network of expertise on adaptation,
mainstreaming, capacity
developing countries, especially

and assembling and disseminating adaptation
building, role of scientific
SIDS

technologies
research, ocean security issues,

· Developing capacity in adaptation planning, ICM
financial resources, and
This element will implement the
2008-2012
and mainstreaming adaptation
leadership
recommendations of the Climate,

· Conducting an assessment of climate change risks

Oceans, and Security Working

in the context of SIDS and formulating an

Group and develop practical

adaptation plan

approaches to adaptation to

· Develop and implement an adaptation strategy

climate change effects in

within a multi-stakeholder framework
Media:
developing countries and SIDS in
· Carry out needed policy, institutional and legal
-- Evaluate costs/losses related conjunction with other

reforms with the aim of mainstreaming adaptation
to climate change threats with
collaborators.

· Develop and implement awareness and
respect to SIDS and use



15

---

communication strategy
information to justify
-- Develop Ocean and Climate


development of adaptation
Strategy/Vision leadership
2008-2012

technologies
training for high-level



decisionmakers from around the



world (focus on permanent ocean


officials in-country and



permanent representatives to the



UN), with a special emphasis on


SIDS













-- Adopt an ecosystem-based approach to marine and
Sectoral Processes:


coastal management, including resources within SIDS
-- Strengthen the SIDS unit in
-- Prepare an economic
2008-2010
EEZs and in areas beyond national jurisdiction by:
UNDESA
opportunity report for SIDS



(including opportunities for

· Strengthening access to global databases such as
United Nations and
alternative energy development)

FishBase, ReefBase, WCMC and putting in place
International Fora:
which could be the basis for

national data management systems
-- Commission on Sustainable
World Bank and other

· Carrying out a needs analysis to implement EBM in Development should devote
investments

SIDS
greater attention to SIDS


· Strengthening university research departments and
strategic issues


linkages with and among research institutions



· Extending the use of existing decision support
-- Strengthen existing


systems such as those for coral reefs in developing
initiatives, including the CBD


decision scenarios to demonstrate the relevance of
Work Programme on Island


EBM in sustainable management of coastal and
Biodiversity, the Regional Seas

ocean resources to policy makers
Programme and the various


· Putting in place approaches that involve
instruments of the FAO,


stakeholders and the private sector
including RFMOs


· Putting in place a framework for sustainable ocean



policy and law which recognizes the sustainable
National Governments:


development of fisheries resources, responsible
-- Carry out continental shelf


shipping traffic and movements, precautionary
delimitation


seabed resources exploitation including oil and gas
-- Build capacity/institutional


extraction, networks of representative marine
memory


protected areas, environmentally sound
-- Carry out/apply/mainstream


aquaculture/mariculture development, ICM, access
ICM


and benefit-sharing and bio-prospecting regimes
-- Prioritize the development


· Developing capacity to implement oceans policy
and implementation of


·
adaptation approaches/tolls and

Transferring innovative and cost-effective

16

---

technologies, including those based on satellite
methodologies


communications for use in monitoring the oceans



and activities therein, to SIDS


· Strengthening and expanding existing knowledge


networks on best management practices to reflect


emerging management challenges and potential


solutions











-- Build capacity for coastal and ocean management by:





· Strengthening the capacity of research institutions
-- Enhance the ocean and coastal
2008-2012
and universities to deliver ICM courses and
management curricula within the

fisheries-related courses and curricula at various
University Consortium of Small

levels
Island States, working with the

· Conducting capacity-building workshops on key
Consortium, the universities, and

priority areas
educational partners such as the

· Adopting and strengthening public sector
International Ocean Institute

management and policy-making tools








-- Address the threat of marine invasive species by:





· Carrying out baseline data assessment and putting
-- Incorporate marine biosecurity
2008-2009
in place an identification database
as an issue into the Working
· Building capacity in monitoring the spread of
Groups, either separately or
invasive species
within Marine Transportation
· Establishing biosecurity strategy measures,
including procedures for minimizing risk of
introductions and awareness program



17

---

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Major Findings:

WSSD Goals
--Implement the FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU) by 2004
--Implement the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity by 2005
--Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and to overcapacity
--Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produce their maximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis and where possible no later than 2015
--Assist developing countries in coordinating policies and programmes at the regional and subregional levels aimed at conservation and sustainable management
of fishery resources and implement integrated coastal area management plans, including through the development of infrastructure.
--Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, including the ecosystem approach, the elimination of destructive fishing practices, and the
establishment of marine protected areas consistent with international law and based on scientific information, including representative networks by 2012.

Background
About three quarters of the world's marine fisheries cannot withstand increased pressure. In 2005, 76% of marine fish stocks were classified by the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as fully exploited, overexploited, or depleted, meaning the stocks are being fished at or beyond their
maximum biological productivity. Only 23% were under or moderately exploited and 1% were recovering. According to the FAO, there has been a steady
increase in the proportion of marine fish stocks that are classified as overexploited or depleted. Sustainability in fisheries and aquaculture is essential as the
world's population continues to grow and fish consumption increases. Employment in fisheries is growing faster than other agriculture sectors and many
communities in developing countries rely on fishing for their livelihood.

An important shift from species-by-species management of fisheries towards ecosystem-based management is occurring at various levels. In particular, regional
fisheries management organizations and Large Marine Ecosystem Projects are trying to operationalize ecosystem-based management, strengthen cooperation,
and improve compliance and enforcement mechanisms, so that highly migratory, straddling, and shared stocks are adequately managed. Much further action,
however, is needed to address such issues as: 1) overcapacity of the world's fishing fleet; 2) IUU fishing, including by vessels flying "flags of convenience;" 3)
subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and IUU fishing; 4) the use of fishing techniques and technologies that have adverse effects on the physical habitats
and on non-targeted species; 5) allocation of fishing rights; 6) sustainable development of aquaculture; and 7) international fish trade and the impacts of market
based standards.

Major Challenges
Given the importance of fish and fish products to global food security, policy makers, resource managers and stakeholders, including fishers, must ensure the
long term sustainability of fisheries resources and aquaculture.

Long term sustainability of wild fish stocks will require strong management decisions, including but not limited to a decreased capacity of global capture
fisheries, strengthening of RFMOs, and eliminating IUU fishing.

Sound aquaculture policy is necessary for meeting increasing demand of fisheries resources; countries should promote sustainable aquaculture development and
support necessary infrastructure and research, including research into non-fish and non-wild caught feed product.


18

---

Climate change will require even more conservative and flexible approaches to fisheries science and stewardship. Enhanced assessment approaches integrating
climate change impacts on stocks must be developed, and further reductions of fishing effort and global capacity will be necessary.

Methods to Achieve Goals
--Strengthen RFMOs
--Strengthen global monitoring, control and surveillance efforts in fishing nations to combat IUU fishing
--Reduce overcapacity of the fishing fleet
--Formally adopt the ecosystem approach to aquaculture
--Address climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture

Focus of the Working Group
1. Specific next steps that need to be taken by the international community to accelerate progress in enhancing the performance of the Regional Fishery
Management Organizations to achieve sustainable fisheries management as well as to move toward ecosystem-based management of ocean areas
2. Specific next steps that need to be taken by the international community to accelerate progress in controlling illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing
3. Specific next steps that need to be taken by the international community to accelerate progress in addressing the problem of fishing overcapacity
4. Doing aquaculture right - Is additional and more detailed global guidance as well as global targets (akin to the WSSD targets on fisheries) needed to properly
steer this important food-generating activity?
5. The range of climate effects of fisheries and the policies that can be put in place to help fishers adapt to these changes and to address such changes




Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


1. RFMOs


Relevant Fisheries Meetings
Strengthen RFMOs by:
--Sectoral processes (i.e., FAO,
-- Raise awareness among the wider
--78th Meeting of the Inter-American
-- Encouraging better flag state
UNGA, Governments)
oceans community about the work
Tropical Tuna Commission, 23-27
controls

underway by RFMOs and related fora June 2008
-- Modernizing mandates and adoption
and build support for this work
--Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission
of performance review based on

-- Highlight and emphasize the
Consultative Forum, 6-9 August
UNFSA and FAO Code of Conduct

priority goals and targets that need to
2008, Manado, Indonesia
for Responsible Fisheries

be achieved to improve management
--2nd Global Fisheries Enforcement
-- Establishing new RFMOs to cover

of fisheries, especially to decision-
Training Workshop, 7-11August 2008
areas of the oceans and commercial

makers in order to gain political will
--30th Session of the Asia-Pacific
stocks currently not covered in order

for reform
Fishery Commission, 11-13 August
to bring all unregulated high seas

-- Promote the adoption and
2008, Manado, Indonesia
fisheries under effective governance.

implementation of best practices in
--Second Session of the Technical
-- Encouraging RFMOs to cooperate

RFMOs, including those that
Consultation on International
with other international organizations

contribute to broader oceans
Guidelines for the Management of
to promote policy integration on

sustainability, e.g., on biodiversity
Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas,
shared issues

conservation and food security.
25-29 August 2008, Rome, Italy

19

---

-- Encouraging further ratification and
-- Identify linkages and cooperative
--Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
implementation of key governance

approaches between RFMO work and Organization Annual Meeting, 22-26
mechanisms, such as UNFSA and

other fora, notably IUU fishing, as
September 2008, Vigo, Spain
various FAO initiatives to promote

well as with cross-cutting approaches
--Fifth Annual Commission Meeting
regional fisheries management

such as capacity building and poverty of the South East Atlantic Fisheries
-- Building capacity among

reduction.
Organisation, 6-9 October 2008,
developing countries to participate

-- Consider the limits of RFMO
Windhoek, Namibia
meaningfully in RFMOs and among

reform and the continued need for
--15th Annual Meeting of the
Secretariats to carry out necessary

multiple-use mechanisms
Commission for the Conservation of
functions, including pooling

-- Devise statement for potential
Southern Bluefin Tuna, 14-17
information, use of better information

inclusion in Manado Declaration
October 2008, Auckland, NZ
technology, and improving


--27th Annual Meeting of the North
mechanisms for transparency and


East Atlantic Fisheries Commission,
accountability


10-14 November 2008, Venue TBD
-- Encouraging cooperation among


--16th Special Meeting of the
RFMOs, especially in the management

International Commission for the
of shared stocks, compliance and IUU

Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, 17-
fishing, though, e.g., shared


24 November 2008, Venue TBD
consolidated vessel lists, better


--Fifth Session of the Commission of
coordination of port and market


the Western and Central Pacific
measures, and use of vessel


Fisheries Commission, 8-12
monitoring systems


December 2008, Busan, R.O.Korea
-- Encouraging RFMOs to collaborate


--Annual Meeting of the International
with other regional fora such as


Pacific Halibut Commission, 13-16
regional seas conventions


January 2008, Vancouver, Canada
-- Enhance political leadership


--Eighth Round of Informal



Consultations of States Parties to the



UNFSA - exact date will be set by the



UNGA in September 2008



--UNFSA Review Conference - exact



date will be set by the UN General



Assembly in September 2008



--WOC, May 2009, Manado
















2. IUU Fishing

-- Raise awareness among the wider
--FAO Technical Consultation on
-- To strengthen global monitoring,
-- Flag states/port states
oceans community about the work
IUU, 23 June 2008 - 27 June 2008.
control and surveillance efforts,
-- Involve media to publicize issue
underway on IUU fishing, including
Rome, Italy
fishing nations should: 1) have Vessel with the general public
raising awareness among developing
--2nd Global Fisheries Enforcement

20

---

Monitoring Systems on all large-scale
nations of the lost revenue and
Training Workshop, 7-11August 2008
fishing vessels no later than the end of
resources available to them for
--Eighth Round of Informal
2008; 2) complete a legally binding

combating IUU fishing
Consultations of States Parties to the
instrument on port State measures; 3)

-- Raise awareness of industry's role
UNFSA - exact date will be set by the
develop a comprehensive global

in market-based approaches
UN General Assembly in September
register of fishing vessels; and 4)

-- Encourage ratification of basic
2008
increase their participation in the

international fisheries instruments,
--UNFSA Review Conference - exact
International MCS Network.

such as the UNFSA, and seek to
date will be set by the UN General
-- Develop and implement market-

identify linkages and cooperative
Assembly in September 2008
based measures to control IUU,

approaches between efforts to combat --WOC, May 2009, Manado
notably trade tracking and trade

IUU fishing and related issues,

restrictive measures to monitor and

notably the need to reduce fishing

restrict movement of illegal product.

overcapacity

-- Need new tools and instruments to

-- Focus on the special case of Ocean

provide guidance in future: legally

Access Agreements in the EEZs of

binding port State instrument; and

developing nations and think of a

criteria for assessing the performance

statement regarding this issue for the

of flag States

Manado Declaration.

-- Recognize that IUU fishing in



Africa has become an organized



crime, which is occurring not because


of lack of information but lack of



sharing information



-- Non-transparency is a big problem;


need to get the message out to more



civil society, involve media











3. Overcapacity

-- Support the assessment of market-
--Eighth Round of Informal
Reduce fishing overcapacity by:
-- Flag states/port states
based management systems
Consultations of States Parties to the
-- Substantially decreasing the

-- Support community-based
UNFSA - exact date will be set by the
incentives for fishers to maintain or

initiatives in reducing overcapacity
UN General Assembly in September
increase fishing capacity when there

-- Support building of scientific
2008
is already overcapacity, both

capacity in order to generate
--UNFSA Review Conference - exact
domestically and internationally

sufficient information base for
date will be set by the UN General
-- Strengthening RFMO/A's ability to
fisheries management
Assembly in September 2008
address capacity, including

-- Support the assessment of existing
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
development of appropriate

government incentives with a view to
incentives; and

eliminating perverse incentives

-- Mitigating the effects generated by



perverse incentives as part of moving




21

---

to harvest rights systems, such as



vessel buyback/ decommissioning



schemes, individual quota systems,



and limited license programs.







4. Aquaculture



-- Formally adopt the ecosystem
-- National Governments
-- Support the development of
--Aquavision 2008 ­ Sixth World
approach to aquaculture (in the UN

regional and other institutional
Business Conference on Aquaculture,
General Assembly or at COFI) as was
arrangements and mechanisms to
29 September ­ 1 October 2008,
done for capture fisheries, to include
promote the development and
Stavanger, Norway.
the precautionary approach, risk
implementation of ecosystem and
--Eighth Round of Informal
analysis and management, and
integrated management approaches
Consultations of States Parties to the
adaptation strategies
-- Support the production of
UNFSA - exact date will be set by the
-- Develop the required Policy, legal
information needed to support
UN General Assembly in September
frameworks and institutional
certification at sustainability
2008
arrangements towards ecosystem-
standards and to develop multi-
--UNFSA Review Conference - exact
based management (EBM) to address
stakeholder and consensus-based
date will be set by the UN General
both environmental and socio-
approaches
Assembly in September 2008
economic issues
-- Support the adoption and
--WOC, May 2009, Manado
-- Develop guidance documentation
implementation of best practices by

and best practices on: 1) area-based
resource users

integrated aquaculture planning and
-- Generate a statement on global

management; 2) joint development
goals to be developed, consider

planning for coastal fisheries and
incorporating the statement in the

aquaculture; 3) participative
Manado Declaration

management of aquaculture areas; and


4) eco-certification of aquaculture for


large and small scale enterprise





5. Climate Change Impacts


Address climate change impacts on
-- Support awareness among the
--Eighth Round of Informal
fisheries and aquaculture by:
wider oceans community about the
Consultations of States Parties to the
-- Developing enhanced assessment
potential impacts of climate change
UNFSA - exact date will be set by the
approaches integrating climate-
on fisheries and aquaculture
UN General Assembly in September
change impacts on fish stocks.
-- Assist in identifying linkages and
2008
-- Encouraging international
cooperative approaches between
--UNFSA Review Conference - exact
cooperation, especially in the
efforts to address effects of climate
date will be set by the UN General
development of a worldwide system
change in fisheries and other
Assembly in September 2008
for monitoring climate change
adaptation methodologies
--pre-Manado meeting on climate
impacts on fisheries and aquaculture
-- Support the development of
change and the oceans (2009)
fisheries management initiatives that
--WOC, May 2009, Manado

22

---

take into account global climate

change, including public-private

sector joint initiatives
-- Link climate change effects on
fisheries and aquaculture to the
climate divide issue and mitigation
measures, and think about
adaptation/funding mechanisms

23

---

Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas:


Major Findings:

WSSD Goals

· To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty
alleviation and to the benefit of life on earth.

· Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, including the ecosystem approach, the elimination of destructive fishing practices, and
the establishment of marine protected areas consistent with international law and based on scientific information, including representative networks by
2012.

Background
Marine ecosystems harbor some of the highest biological diversity on the planet. Currently, out of the 33 phyla described on earth, 32 of these are found in the
ocean, with fifteen of these being exclusively marine. This high level of diversity provides humankind with many benefits. For instance, "marine fish and
invertebrates provide 2.6 billion people on the planet with 20% of their average per capita protein intake, and almost US $10 billion dollars is spent on coral reef
ecotourism every year. Potential fishing benefits are estimated at U.S. $5.7 billion annually" (Mulongoy, K.J. and S. B. Gidda 2008). However, despite these
benefits, humans have yet to effectively protect their marine resources to the extent needed, and therefore, much of the world's valuable biodiversity is either
threatened or on the verge of disappearance.

Methods to Achieve Goals
In order to combat this biodiversity loss by 2010, an adequate knowledge base as to the status of biodiversity at the ecosystem and species level is needed. The
Convention on Biological Diversity has put forth five indicators for reaching this goal, three of which are considered by the Global Forum Working Group on
Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas. The first concerns trends in selected biomes, ecosystems and habitats. It is important to assess
the status of ecologically significant ecosystems that have been given conservation priority; these ecosystems include coral reefs, the deep sea, mangroves, sea
grass beds, and estuaries. For example, coral reefs contain very high levels of biodiversity and economic value, however 20% have already been destroyed;16%
damaged; 24% are under imminent risk of collapse; and 26% are under a long term threat of collapse due to threats such as human activity, over fishing and
ocean warming. However, 40% of the damaged reefs have recovered or are recovering, which provides an incentive to create marine protected areas (MPAs) in
order to conserve those reefs that have the potential to recover. The second CBD indicator refers to trends in abundance and distribution of selected species. In
order to reduce biodiversity loss, there must be baseline data from which to measure the rate of change of biodiversity loss. This baseline can be difficult to
establish, as many species have yet to be discovered and described. In order to combat this issue, efforts must be made to identify and classify marine species
through species censuses. The third indicator describes the need for identifying change in the status of threatened species. Populations of threatened species,
such as those listed by the IUCN Red List, must be assessed and monitored in order to protect them from extinction. There are currently 1530 marine species
listed as threatened by the IUCN, including specialist groups such as seabirds, turtles, cetaceans, groupers, wrasses, and mollusks.

In addition to assessments of marine biodiversity, it is essential to reduce and/or halt those practices which lead to biodiversity loss, including over-fishing,
trawling, and habitat destruction. The second WSSD goal provides a method for reducing biodiversity loss by establishing marine protected areas and networks
of marine protected areas by 2012. Many countries are making progress in meeting this goal. Globally, there are 4435 MPAs, covering 0.65% of the oceans.

24

---

12.8% of the total area held in MPAs is designated as a no take zone, which prohibit fishing and human exploitation. In terms of marine protected area
networks, there are numerous marine protected area national networks that have been established or are being developed in various countries and regions. For
instance, Kiribati currently has the largest MPA network in the world under its 18,470,000 km2 Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA), which encompasses
eight atolls, two submerged reefs, and much of the country's EEZ. In addition to national MPA development, various regions have begun to collaborate and
create MPA networks. For example, Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, Guam and the Northern Marianas have come together to
create the Micronesia Challenge, a commitment between the five countries to place at least 30% of their coastal waters and 20% of their terrestrial areas under
protection by 2020. If successful, this will allow for 20% of the Pacific Island Region, as well as 5% of the Pacific Ocean, to be protected. A second example is
the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI), a collaboration among East Timor, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands, with
support from Australia, the United States, the GEF, ADB, and several other NGOs. The CTI is an effort to conserve some of the most diverse and threatened
coral reefs of the world within a very large marine protected area network that includes much of these nation's EEZs.

MPA networks serve an important role, especially in areas containing high levels of biodiversity and endemism, e.g. tropical coral reefs. However, there is a
growing necessity for MPA networks in areas beyond national jurisdiction. 64% of the world's oceans are located beyond areas of national jurisdiction and
harbor very fragile and diverse ecosystems, such as seamounts and cold coral reefs. In 2003, the World Parks Congress set a goal to develop at least five MPAs
in areas beyond national jurisdiction by the year 2008 (HSMPAS). The criteria for these MPAs are being developed, and potential sites have been identified;
however, there exist legal and implementation issues regarding their establishment.

For the past several years, the CBD has analyzed countries' Third National Reports and reported progress on the development and establishment of MPAs.
These national reports provide an avenue to monitor the progress of CBD Parties in meeting the 2010 and 2012 goals. As of June 2008, 99 coastal country
reports had been analyzed. Of these 99 countries, 81 (81.8%) had designated some MPAs; 69 (69.6%) had development plans for MPAs involving all
stakeholders; 46 (46.4%) had MPAs with effective management plans; 90 (90.9%) had plans to improve the management of their existing MPAs; 92 (92.9%)
had plans to develop new MPAs; 61 (61.6%) had an MPA system or network under development; and 32 (32.3%) had an MPA system or network already in
place. (These numbers do not include CBD coastal parties that did not submit a report but have some forms of MPAs (e.g. Fiji), nor do they include countries
that have submitted reports that need to be converted to a different format in order to be analyzed.)

Challenges
Although improvement is occurring, challenges and obstacles continue to exist that hamper the development of MPAs and the conservation of marine biological
diversity in order to meet the WSSD goals. For example, a lack of political will can lead to government non-action. This may be the result of a lack of
understanding of the benefits that the ocean provides to a nation's economy and its people. Many countries lack the financial and/or technical capacity to initiate
the conservation of marine ecosystems, or institutional policies stand in the way of the initiation of such efforts. Also, accurate scientific data is lacking in terms
of methodology, collection, and analysis, therefore hindering the placement of marine biodiversity conservation on a nation's priority list. In addition, local
communities and indigenous people are important stakeholders in the process of marine conservation and MPA development, and they must be brought into this
process.

Another challenge is integrating the biodiversity issue into all sectors. One suggestion to address this is the establishment of an informal partnership mechanism
called Friends of the Jakarta Mandate, in association with the Global Forum. This partnership could help implement a program of work on marine and coastal
biodiversity, contribute to the review of Marine and Coastal Programme of Work by providing much needed skills and resources, assist capacity building of
CBD parties, promote and market marine biodiversity value, and facilitate better reporting and monitoring of marine biodiversity through an effective
framework. In general, this partnership could greatly assist progress being made towards the 2010/2012 MPA targets.

Further recommendations developed by the Global Forum and the Working Group are outlined in the below table.

25

---

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


To reduce biodiversity loss by 2010:







--Improve the health of the oceans and coastal
Regional and other relevant


communities through the reduction of biodiversity loss
international organizations,



academic institutions:



-- Establish marine indicators



such as those proposed by the


CBD and undertake



measurements of the rate of



biodiversity loss (at least three



estimates) in order to guide



efforts in the reduction of



biodiversity loss by 2010






-- Emphasize and solidify the importance of marine
Media:
--Highlight successful initiatives
2 Interna
nd
tional Marine
biodiversity to individuals, governments and private
-- Highlight the importance
that demonstrate the value of
Protected Areas Congress
sector by demonstrating its economic and social value
and value of marine
marine biodiversity conservation, (IMPAC2) at the International

biodiversity to the public
such as MPAs that have brought
Marine Conservation Congress

through various forms of
local and national benefits in
(IMCC), George Mason

media
terms of alternative livelihoods
University, Washington DC,


and strengthening economic
US, 20-24 May 2009


growth, and protection of



vulnerable coastal communities



that is contributing to adaptation



to climate change.





-- Mainstream the marine biodiversity agenda into all Parties of the CBD:
-- Collaborate in the
World Ocean Conference
coastal and ocean plans by establishing Friends of the -- Implement the Jakarta
establishment of an informal
(2009);
Jakarta Mandate
Mandate through utilizing key
partnership mechanism for the
5 Global Oc
th
eans Conference

operational objectives and
implementation of the Jakarta
(2010);

priority activities within: (i)
Mandate ("Friends of the Jakarta
COP10 (2012)

Implementation of integrated
Mandate") to provide a venue,


marine and coastal area
e.g., a consortium, for the renewal

management; (ii) marine and
of the commitments made by


coastal living resources; (iii)
global leaders at the 2002 WSSD


marine and coastal protected
to implement the 1995 Jakarta


areas, (iv) mariculture; and (v)
Mandate on the Conservation and

invasive alien species.
Sustainable Use of Marine and


Outlined in Annex 1 to
Coastal Biological Diversity of


26

---

Decision VII/50
the CBD.







-- Incorporate outcomes of the
CBD COP9, May 2008;


Global Oceans Conference into
World Conservation Congress,


CBD (COP9 and COP10), IUCN
5-14 October 2008, Barcelona,


World Conservation Congress,
Spain;


and other processes
CBD COP10 (2012)
















-- Increase financial support and capacity for marine
-- Increase capacity for
-- Support the development of

biodiversity conservation
specialized areas needed such
strong partnerships among


as taxonomy towards better
governments, donors,


species knowledge base for
international NGOs and the


measuring the rate of loss
private sector to increase



opportunities in creating



synergies in addressing funding



constraints.





--Improve the management and protection of coral

-- Support initiatives that address
11th International Coral Reef
reefs, especially from climate change impacts (ocean
the need to build resilience in
Symposium (ICRS), July 7-11,
warming, immediate local impacts, ocean acidification,
coral reefs through national and
2008, Fort Lauderdale, Florida;
etc.)
regional initiatives such as the


Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI)
CTI Summit at the WOC 2009,


May 15-16, 2009



-- Understand the impact of invasive alien species, and
-- Collaborate with IMO and the

begin to lessen their impact on the marine environment
media in expanding the

through eradication.
geographical reach of the


GloBallast Program by

highlighting its initial successes
and promoting the application of
the IMO ballast water guidelines
To establish MPAs and networks by 2012:





-- Suggest that CBD encourage
COP10 (2012) and future
-- Improve the monitoring and reporting of MPA

improved national reporting by
SBSTTA meetings
progress, ecological processes, and species trends

the appropriate national agencies



with the use of standardized
World Conservation Congress,


comparable measures
5-14 October 2008, Barcelona,



Spain

27

---

-- Build capacity by increasing access to suitable tools,

-- Help mobilize adequate
2nd International Marine
guidelines, and lessons learned

technical support, in terms of
Protected Areas Congress


tools, guidelines, knowledge and
(IMPAC2) at the International


experiences, and human capacity
Marine Conservation Congress


towards effective implementation (IMCC), George Mason


of global commitments on marine University, Washington DC,


biodiversity and MPA networks.
US, 20-24 May 2009






--Expand and strengthen national and regional MPA
National governments:
networks as well as improve their management.
--To improve the effectiveness

of MPAs by improving
enforcement and management
effectiveness, as well as
expanding MPA areas

28

---

Freshwater to Oceans

Major Findings:

The linkages between the freshwater, coastal, and marine systems cannot be overlooked and the need to integrate watershed and coastal management has been
recommended by various international organizations, for example UNCED and UNEP-GPA. River basin flows and coastal conditions are closely linked, and
changes in flows can result in impacts on ocean and coastal ecosystems, ocean productivity, and ocean circulation. Activities that take place many miles inland
can have an effect not only in coastal areas, but also far out at sea. The UNEP-Global Programme of Action (GPA) estimates that 80% of the pollution load into
the oceans originates from land-based sources. There have been some advances in developing the framework for integrating watershed and coastal
management, for example the development of National Programmes of Action under the GPA, but challenges remain regarding the capacity to implement these
programs and to secure the permanent funding, commitment, and resources required given the magnitude of this integration.

Climate change affects both the freshwater and the marine system, and is an added challenge and serves as a call for urgency in addressing these linkages now.
According to the 2007 IPCC report, sea-level rise will increase the salinization of groundwater resources, resulting in lower levels of freshwater available for
human use within coastal areas. Furthermore, atmospheric temperature increases will cause the warming of upstream areas, which will result in changes in river
flow patterns and decreases in river discharge into coastal areas. The IPCC has identified a number of hotspot areas with high vulnerability from the impacts of
climate change; many of these are located at critical freshwater-coastal interfaces, including populated megadeltas, low-lying coastal wetlands, small islands,
and coral reef areas.

The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation calls for countries to "advance implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine
Environment from Land-based Activities and the Montreal Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, with particular
emphasis in the period 2002-2006 on municipal wastewater, the physical alteration and destruction of habitats, and nutrients, by actions at all levels."
Implementing the GPA is primarily the task of national governments, supported in their efforts by regional and international organizations, with the coordination
effort led by UNEP through the UNEP-GPA Coordination Office. In 2006, the UNEP-GPA Office reported that over 60 countries were in the process of
developing, or had finalized, their respective National Programmes of Action (NPA). As of July 2007, this number had grown to 74 countries. The Beijing
Declaration, which resulted from the 2006 Second Intergovernmental Review of the GPA, encourages countries to strengthen efforts to develop NPA and
mechanisms for the protection of the marine environment from land-based sources of pollution, in concert with relevant national legislation, projects, initiatives,
and budget planning.

In 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable Development called for all countries to develop Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) strategies by the
end of 2005. A 2003 survey undertaken by the Global Water Partnership (GWP) showed that of the 103 countries surveyed, 13% had plans/strategies in place
or process well underway, 47% were in the process of preparing national strategies/plans, and 40% remained in the initial stages of preparing national
strategies/plans. GWP undertook a similar survey in 2005, and, although these results cannot be directly compared as the countries surveyed were not the ones
used in 2003, the changes do show progress from the 2003 survey. The 2005 survey showed that 21% had made good progress towards more integrated
approaches, 53% were in the process of preparing national strategies/plans, and 26% remained in the initial stages of preparing national strategies/plans.

In May 2008, UN Water released its Status Report on Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Efficiency Plans. The report surveyed 104 countries
­ 77 developing or countries in transition and 27 developed. The developing countries responded that 3% had plans fully implemented and 22% have plans in
place and partially implemented. Of the 27 developed countries, 22% have fully implemented national IWRM plans and 37% have plans in place and partially

29

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developed. If comparing the 53 countries surveyed by both the GWP and UN-Water, the percentage of countries having IWRM plans completed or under
implementation rose from 21% to 38% in the 18-month period between the two surveys.

Despite these developments, the management of freshwater and coastal and ocean systems remains fragmented. The Working Group on Freshwater to Oceans
identified five goals to address:

(1) Identify and recognize the costs and implications of failure to link IWRM and ICM.
(2) Challenge participants to identify ways to better link IWRM and ICM that can be suitable for governments, donors, planners, and key stakeholders.
(3) Identify success stories.
(4) Provide input to the Global Forum related to recommendations and next steps.
(5) Identify post-Hanoi activities, including input to the marine section at the 5th World Water Forum.

The major recommendations put forward to meet these goals are listed in the below table.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


1. Overcome the present fragmentation of the
At all levels -- Local (project), -- Take the lead in making marine June 2008 ­ March 2009
freshwater and coastal communities by taking actions in National (policy planning,
issues more visible at the World

the short to longer term to bring them together: from
legislation), Regional (trans-
Water Forum (Istanbul, March

the national project/program level to regional and
boundary water management),
2009)

international levels, including mutual inclusion in major and Global (UN and


events such as the World Water Forum and Global
international organizations)
-- Invite freshwater experts to
July 2008 ­ May 2009
Ocean Forum
take steps to overcome the
World Oceans Conference


present lack of coordination by (Indonesia, May 2009) and


taking actions at all levels to
organize freshwater-oceans event

combine forces
for both communities






Regional and Global
-- Co-host joint freshwater-
May 2009

organizations:
coastal event at the World Oceans

-- Cooperation at the 5th World Conference


Water Forum and the World



Oceans Conference, both in

2011

2009

Third Intergovernmental

-- Lack of capacity and

review of the UNEP/GPA

funding, particularly in the



developing countries, represent


serious constraints, call for



action and support by the



international community











30

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2. Share experiences in identifying specific strategies

-- Develop list of specific case
2008
for nitrogen loading reductions to coastal areas (e.g.,

studies for reference
estuaries)











3. Identify (or recognize) the cost of doing nothing--
Agricultural Community
this message should be delivered to the different
-- particular attention be paid
organizations and stakeholders involved
to non-point sources of

pollution as responsible for

most of the coastal/marine

pollution; educate agricultural

community


4. Incorporate the concept of linking freshwater to

oceans within the definitions (and framework) of

IWRM and ICZM









5. Identify and promote joint adaptation strategies into

the climate change agenda for freshwater-to-coast

hotspots







6. Identify and overcome national bottlenecks and
integrate decision making for defining priorities and
using funds from international cooperation (e.g.,
balancing land and marine investments/projects)







31

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Maritime Transportation

Major Findings:

The challenges that face ports and maritime transport include policy, economic, and environmental issues. These include issues related to energy and the
environment, shipping and fleet modernization, port capacity and performance measures, and international, national, and regional trade and policy issues. Of
particular interest for marine ecosystem management are concerns about air pollution, marine biosecurity, including ballast water and invasive species, impacts
of pollution accidents such as oil spills, marine litter and dumping of waste, the establishment of Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, ship
breaking and recycling, seafarer competency and capacity building, and port and maritime security.

In 2007, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) undertook a review of MARPOL Annex VI: Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships, with an aim to
reduce ship emissions, which are responsible for approximately 10% of total air emissions. Ships contribute 15% of global nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and
between 5 to 8% of global sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions. At the 57th Session (March-April 2008) of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), an
agreement was reached on proposed amendments to Annex VI to progressively reduce SOx emissions, with an initial reduction from 4.50% to 3.50%, effective
from 1 January 2012; then progressively to 0.50 %, effective from 1 January 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no later than 2018. SOx
emission limits in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) would be reduced from a current 1.50% to 1.00% beginning on 1 March 2010; a further reduction
to 0.10% would become effective on 1 January 2015. The amendments also call for progressive reductions in NOx emissions. These amendments will be
considered for adoption during the 58th Session of MEPC in October 2008. The IMO is also working on greenhouse gas emissions from ship, with a Working
Group on GHG Emissions from Ships developing short and long-term approaches to reducing greenhouse gases from ships.

The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation calls for States to "enhance maritime safety and protection of the marine environment from pollution by actions at all
levels to:
(a) Invite States to ratify or accede to and implement the conventions and protocols and other relevant instruments of the International Maritime
Organization relating to the enhancement of maritime safety and protection of the marine environment from marine pollution and environmental damage
caused by ships, including the use of toxic anti-fouling paints, and urge the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to consider stronger mechanisms
to secure the implementation of IMO instruments by flag States;
(b) Accelerate the development of measures to address invasive alien species in ballast water. Urge the International Maritime Organization to finalize
its draft International Convention on the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments."
There have been steps forward in meeting these objectives. MARPOL Annex VI entered into force on 19 May 2005, and to date has 51 Parties, compared to
over 100 Parties for each of the other Annexes. The International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, which prohibits the use
of harmful organotins, such as tributylin (TBT), in anti-fouling paints used on ships, will enter into force on 17 September 2008. To date, the Anti-Fouling
Convention has 30 Parties. The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, adopted in February 2004,
has yet to enter into force and has only received 14 signatures, representing a mere 3.55% of world tonnage. It requires ratification by 30 States, representing
35% of world tonnage, to enter into force.

Marine biosecurity remains and issue of concern for a large number of States. Ships' ballast water transports over ten billion tons of ballast per year. A ship can

32

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carry over 7000 species of microbes, plants and animals at any one time. In order to manage the invasion process, States need prevention, border controls,
surveillance and incursion response, and pest management abilities. A number of key strategies to improve marine biosecurity include building capacity,
developing economic policies and tools, strengthening legal and institutional frameworks, building public awareness, and promoting international cooperation
on marine biosecurity.

Other issues of concern are handled through the IMO. For example, the IMO is considering a draft convention to address ship breaking. The Working Group
on Maritime Transportation is being organized to develop a venue for stakeholders to promote policy ideas that could address maritime transportation issues
related to the accomplishment of WSSD goals on oceans, coasts, and small island developing States (SIDS).

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


-- Improve the preparedness of states for spills close to
National Governments:


shores and improve capacity in terms of equipment and -- Promote ratification of IMO


personnel training in emergency response
Conventions related to marine



environment


-- Improve enforcement of Oil Preparedness and



Hazardous Waste Recovery plans aboard vessels







-- Provide adequate reception facilities in port states



for ships to unload their wastes







-- Encourage and support the designation of Special



Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas







-- Reduce the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and National Governments:
-- Include marine biosecurity as
2008
pathogens in ships' ballast water by encouraging the
-- Develop national marine
an ongoing theme/sub-theme,

implementation of the IMO ballast water Guidelines
biosecurity plans (marine
either within individual Working

and by encouraging States to ratify the IMO ballast
biosecurity should receive the
Groups or as part of the Maritime
water Convention.
kind of management effort
Transportation Working Group


dedicated to reducing marine



pollution)
-- Invite maritime industry to
2008


participate in this Working Group

International Organizations:

-- Encourage GEF-LME

Programmes to include marine

biosecurity as a priority issue



-- Progress the CBD-GISP-

UNEPRS Joint Work

Programme on Marine

Bioinvasion

33

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-- Improve port and maritime transportation security to
safeguard against the possibilities of terroristic attacks

-- Improve the supply and competency of seafarers by
encouraging the application of the Standards of
Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping Convention.

-- Provide adequate facilities and competent human
resources for vessel deconstruction and conduct a study
on the development of an international convention that
will set standards for vessel deconstruction.

-- Encourage the use of fuel mix and the practice of
using port generators for running engines when loading
and unloading cargo to reduce pollution emissions from
ships

-- Encourage/require salvors to take best efforts to
preserve the cultural heritage in the world's oceans by
taking responsibility for historical artifacts and their
proper disposition to museums and other institutions;
encourage the ratification of the Underwater Cultural
Convention.




34

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III. Improve Governance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Improve Governance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction


Major Findings:
In 2005, the Global Forum initiated an informal process to bring together major relevant interests in open and constructive multi-stakeholder policy dialogues to
inform and support the formal processes established by the United Nations General Assembly regarding governance of marine areas beyond national
jurisdiction. This work has been supported by the Nippon Foundation of Japan and other partners. Two major workshops on these issues were held in 2008: in
Nice, France and in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Workshop participants emphasized that there is an urgent need to begin to move toward an area-based integrated approach to governance of areas beyond
national jurisdiction to govern marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, which represent the last and largest global commons. Area-based management
measures are important tools for implementing the ecosystem approach in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, for the mutual benefits of all concerned
stakeholders. The problems of the oceans tend to be interlinked and should be considered as a whole. Area-based management, which integrates sectoral
approaches, can be used as an operational framework for achieving a balance between conservation and sustainable use of marine areas beyond national
jurisdiction. Area-based management measures are part of a system of management measures and tools that connect various conservation approaches,
collaboration and cooperation, and monitoring and evaluation. Area-based management approaches should also be used to link marine areas beyond national
jurisdiction with areas within national jurisdiction.

Participants in the workshops identified three major factors that catalyze the need for improved governance: 1) the effects of uses on marine biodiversity and on
the marine environment. Census of Marine Life participants noted that reduction of marine biodiversity may be associated with exponential reductions of
ecosystem functions, for example a 20-25% species loss can cause a reduction of 50 to 80% of ecosystem functions; 2) the effects of uses on one another (for
example, effects of fishing on submarine cables); and 3) the effects of the disturbances of the oceans from climate change, as well as the associated feedbacks
from climate changes that are expected to exacerbate the forces that are leading to increases in biodiversity loss in the oceans. Participants identified the
following major governance gaps: 1) lack of capacity to manage multiple uses and cumulative impacts on the marine environment and on marine biodiversity; 2)
the absence of a governance framework for marine genetic resources; and 3) the absence of governance frameworks for new and emerging uses of the sea, such
as carbon sequestration and storage and iron fertilization.

There is urgency to achieve effective ocean management within and across areas beyond national jurisdiction, as well as in areas within national jurisdiction and
continuously throughout the two, in view of strong evidence of threats to our life-supporting system and security due to extra vulnerabilities of ecosystems
caused by climate change and the spillovers into broader ecosystem functions from current uses of resources in these areas. In this context, there is a need to
ensure mechanisms to cooperate for generating the knowledge needed for adequate management of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction. Recent scientific
findings demonstrating this sense of urgency include work by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the risks posed by climate change in
terms of disrupting the structure and functionality of ocean systems. Moreover, there is evidence that the combined impacts of climate change, pollution,
overexploitation of living resources, destructive fishing practices, introduction of alien species and harmful effects of the exploration and exploitation of non-
living resources imply that the major ocean systems are affected by environmental impacts arising from traditional uses of the oceans.

There is a need for coordination and cooperation nationally, regionally and globally, both at the intergovernmental as well as the governmental levels, in order to
achieve integrated outcomes, if marine areas beyond national jurisdiction are to be managed sustainably for the benefit of current and future generations of the

35

---

international community. Efforts towards international coordination of actions undertaken by individual governments through intergovernmental organizations
should be optimized and expanded. Equally, institutional coordination should be ensured at the national level. There are precedents of effective cooperation
both at the regional and global levels, but there is a need to build on these. Moreover, the issue of coordination also concerns the scientific community, in that it
is important that the latter continues organizing and coordinating its activities so as to continue developing the knowledge needed for making decisions on the
sustainable management of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.

Marine genetic resources are currently the subject of discussions in relation to access and the potential for their applications such as pharmaceuticals and
industrial processes, as well as with regard to the sharing of the benefits arising from their utilization. Their legal status is also being discussed. These
discussions should continue in an appropriate forum. Various dimensions of the issue of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction
(scientific, technical, technological, economic, socio-economic, environmental, policy and legal) still need to be further informed and debated in an open and
transparent manner, in order to consider all relevant views and options available to address this emerging issue.

Capacity for area-based assessment and planning in areas beyond national jurisdiction is, at present, quite limited. There are some informal efforts at assessment,
such as the Census of Marine Life. The "Assessment of Assessments" ­ the preparatory stage of a regular process for global reporting and assessment of the
state of the marine environment ­ may ultimately provide adequate area-based information. There is, however, little capacity at present to assess and respond, in
particular, to the effects of climate change.

Background:
Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction--which include more than 60% of the world's oceans--represent the last and largest global commons on Earth.
These areas are highly rich in biological diversity which plays a crucial role in the functioning of marine ecosystems. Scientific evidence is beginning to
demonstrate that loss in biodiversity could well lead to significant declines in ecosystem function, and may well threaten the life support systems of the oceans.
The impacts of climate change, such as ocean warming and ocean acidification, are likely to produce significant adverse impacts which are not yet fully
understood. These areas, just as areas within national jurisdiction, also host a wide variety of important human activities which provide significant benefits to
global, regional, and national economies. Examples include the maritime transportation industry which carries 90% of the world's goods, the submarine cable
industry which provides for the vital links that sustain communication among all peoples on earth, the oil and gas industry which provides essential energy
resources, the fishing industry which contributes to food security and is a source of livelihood for 400 million fishers around the world, and the biotechnology
industry which utilizes the oceans' biodiversity for a wide array of important products from cancer drugs to cleaners to beauty supplies.

Challenges:
The question of governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is a major issue which countries will need to address over the next decade. While there
has been substantial progress in recent years in achieving integrated governance of oceans in areas under national jurisdiction and in regional seas areas,
governance of ABNJ remains largely sectorally-based, fragmented, and inadequate. This means that it is difficult to address inter-connected issues (such as the
impacts of human uses on the environment, multiple-use conflicts among users, and responses to climate change effects) through an integrated and ecosystem-
based approach. There are, moreover, significant differences of opinion among stakeholders regarding what actions need to be taken to improve governance in
ABNJ, especially regarding the question of distribution of benefits from the uses of biodiversity in these ocean areas.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps ­ Timing

-- Institutionalize the United Nations General Assembly UN General Assembly and UN

Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group as a
Ad Hoc Working Group


regular mechanism that provides the forum to pursue




36

---

discussions and make recommendations on issues



related to marine biodiversity in areas beyond national



jurisdiction, including the equitable and efficient



utilization as well as the conservation of on marine



genetic resources.







-- Carry out detailed study of the various governance
UN Ad Hoc Working Group


options, their pros and cons, and possible means for



implementing the options



-- Consider encouraging experiments in ecosystem-



based governance in particular regions beyond national


jurisdiction (examples: OSPAR, Benguela Current


Large Marine Ecosystem)


-- Make the case that special funding will be needed to


address governance of areas beyond national


jurisdiction since these are part of the global commons,


and seek changes in the procedures followed by the


Global Environment Facility to allow for such funding.


-- Carry out a study on the economic constraints and


opportunities faced by ocean industries


-- Carry out a study on experiences in benefit sharing in


other areas



-- Bring Working Group Co-
April 2008 (completed)

chairs' report to the attention


of Member States participating

in the second meeting of the


United Nations General


Assembly Ad Hoc Open-ended

Informal Working Group to


study issues relating to the


conservation and sustainable


use of marine biological


diversity beyond areas of


national jurisdiction (New


York, 28 April ­ 2 May 2008)





-- Organize Third Workshop
June 2008 ­ November 2008

on Governance of Marine


Areas Beyond National


Jurisdiction, scheduled to be


held at the Singapore Botanic


37

---

Gardens in November 2008


(Co-sponsored with the


Government of Singapore





· Provide an overview of the


governance issues and options


in marine areas beyond


national jurisdiction (analyze


costs/benefits of options, and


their administrative and


political feasibility)





· Solicit multi-stakeholder


perspectives on the issues





· Provide an overview of the


range of modes of benefit


sharing





· Initiate an ongoing process to

facilitate dialogue among the


key stakeholders, including


developed and developing


countries, on the more


contentious issues in the


governance of marine areas

beyond national jurisdiction



· Act globally to raise
awareness about issues of lack
of jurisdiction over one half of
the planet's surface in view of
its importance for the future of
humankind.




38

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IV. Cross-Cutting Issues
Compliance and Enforcement
Capacity Building
Public Education


Compliance and Enforcement

Major Findings:

The effectiveness of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) is frequently limited by poor implementation and insufficient enforcement necessary to
ensure compliance. The Parties to MEAs often have limited technical, financial, and personnel capacity, lack of political will, and face other pressing issues,
making it difficult for them to fully implement each agreement. In most cases related to coastal and ocean resources, enforcement takes place at the national
level. At-sea enforcement is particularly difficult due to the vast space, challenging conditions, difficulties in detection, lack of clear enforcement mandate, and
costly equipment needed to conduct enforcement operations.


A number of obstacles exist that prevent effective compliance and enforcement of ocean and coastal agreements. Flags of convenience offer ship owners the
opportunity to reduce operating costs and avoid stringent regulations. Open-access countries have little financial incentive to change registration or enforcement
policies. A second obstacle relates to the fact that land-based marine pollution is difficult to identify in terms of nonpoint and atmospheric sources. Vessel
source pollution poses a third obstacle. It is estimated that operational oil discharge from compliant tankers is 34 tons per year, whereas operational oil
discharge from non-compliant tankers is 1,129 tons per year. (Worldwide, it is estimated that 85% if commercial vessels and 70% of other vessels are compliant
with MARPOL regulations on bilge oil discharge.)


While the international community has made significant strides in developing agreements, rules, and regulations to improve ocean and coastal management,
compliance and enforcement of these instruments often lags. This is true at the international, national, and sub-national levels. This is due variously to
insufficient institutional mechanisms and mandates, capacity, and political will. Improving compliance and enforcement of ocean and coastal management, then,
requires a range of initiatives. These include developing and strengthening compliance mechanisms at the international level, as well as enhancing national and
sub-national capacity to implement and enforce. The approaches will necessarily include a suite of regulatory and nonregulatory mechanisms (including
incentives, planning, and information-based approaches). The Global Forum Secretariat is in the process of mobilizing a Working Group to address compliance
and enforcement.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


-- Increase international support for existing
International
-- Continue dialogue, bringing in
2008-2012
international and multilateral instruments that seek to
-- Increase international
more people, institutions, and
increase compliance with ocean laws and policies by
support for existing
perspectives
expanding accessions to the High Seas Compliance
international and multilateral

Agreement; strengthening the Straddling Stocks
instruments.
-- Develop political message and

39

---

Agreement; expanding non-party implementation of the
technical resources
treaties and resolutions adopted by regional fishery
National Level

management organizations; and encouraging states to
-- Promote integrated control
-- Short political statement on the
develop national plans of action to prevent, deter, and
measures.
importance of compliance and
eliminate IUU fishing.

enforcement





-- Longer technical document


identifying approaches for


compliance and enforcement,


lessons learned in different


contexts, and options.





-- Raise funds for project


through collaboration with


outside organizations, e.g.


European Commission,


Environmental Law Institute


-- Strengthen flag state control over registered vessels
International:
by expanding accession to the High Seas Compliance
-- Strengthen flag state control
Agreement; building support for a common definition
over registered vessels.
of "genuine link" in customary international law;

encouraging states to have a centralized vessel

monitoring systems (VMS) receiving stations in

multilateral fisheries to prevent tampering with VMS

data; exploring the development of dedicated access

privilege programs/ITQs/catch shares programmes in

international fisheries; and expanding the use of

automatic identification system (AIS) beyond

commercial shipping vessels to include fishing vessels.



-- Increase compliance of existing marine protected

areas in remote EEZs by expanded use of remote

sensing to detect illegal activity; and use of satellite

monitoring to detect illegal discharges or IUU fishing.



-- Strengthen regional collaborative approaches to

achieving compliance by providing easy access to

information through the use of shared databases and

web-based information dissemination, e.g., the

Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Network,


40

---

positive/negative lists of vessels through regional

management organizations.



-- Increase use of market-based approaches to achieve
National Level:
compliance such as catch certification/labeling systems, -- Increase use of market-based
e.g., ecolabeling programs
approaches to achieve

compliance, including both

measures targeting consumers

(e.g., ecolabelling) and market

State controls


-- Increase political will to expand compliance and

enforcement programs through non-governmental

approaches, e.g., NGO-led campaigns to raise public

awareness about high-profile illegal fishing activities

such as for the Patagonian toothfish fishery and

discouraging consumers to purchase fish from

potentially illegal operators.



-- Encourage compliance through increased public
Public Education/Media
participation and education through programs aimed at
-- Improve compliance through
raising public awareness, creating pressure groups and
increased public participation,
heightening transparency, accountability, and
education, awareness raising,
monitoring.
and engagement of different

sectors (including

communities, private sector,

women, ...)


-- Promote integrated control measures that enhance

compliance and enforcement of coastal and ocean laws

through data cross-validation and effective and efficient
sharing of scarce human and technical resources



-- Increase/rationalize penalties to reflect damage to the National Level:
resource and deter continued violations through
-- Make penalties more
application of command-and-control and other methods appropriate and effective.
that could be adopted from other ocean sectors.






41

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Capacity Development

Major Findings:

Capacity Development is an investment in people, institutions and society to realize and maximize the values of the resources and areas. Capacity development
projects can take a variety of forms, including improving policy, legal and institutional processes; building technical skills to perform institutional mandates
more effectively; and sharing information and lessons. In civil society, capacity development empowers people to understand and resolve issues, make
informed choices and maximize opportunities. Capacity development on ecosystem-based integrated coastal and ocean management is essential to achieve
sustainable development of oceans and coasts and the development of suitable responses to address climate change, preserve biodiversity and resources, provide
for sustainable livelihoods from oceans and coasts, as well as respond to new and emerging challenges. Although a great deal of funding and development
support from various donors has gone towards capacity development projects, the on-the-ground results in terms of long-term and in-country and in-region
institutionalized capacity development have been disappointing.

A number of barriers exist that inhibit successful capacity development projects. The 2008 National Research Council report outlines these barriers to success,
which are summarized here. A lack of project ownership can result in the national government and/or local community never becoming engaged in the project.
Without local engagement, these programs generally die out when external funding ends. Related to a lack of ownership is the absence of political will. If the
national or local policy makers are unaware of the project and its importance, there is little incentive to continue with the project. The limited engagement of
stakeholders in a capacity development project often leads to project failure, as the program designers did not build in synergies within the national/local
policies and discussed options. The majority of capacity development projects are funded for short periods of time. In order to achieve success and
sustainability, a capacity development project requires long-term support. Unfortunately, most donors are unable to commit funds for more than five to six
years, resulting in a short time period for project development and implementation. Furthermore, many of the funded projects are fragmented, with no
connection to each other, which leads to a lack of linkages between sectors and other capacity development projects. Many donors lack any coordination among
them ­ a single sector focus, attention at only one level of government, or attention at only the community level, and program fragmentation are all problems
resulting from this failure to coordinate.

Between 2005 and 2008, the Global Forum, with GEF support, carried out eight regional capacity assessments which aimed to:

Identify and address long-term capacity building needs;
Identify needs, gaps, and opportunities for partnerships and for funding from public and private sources; and
Propose a strategic solution to the identified gaps and needs.

The results of these assessments show that there is a need for long-term funding and commitment to achieve the institutionalization of capacity in ocean and
coastal management, a need to enhance in-country and in-region capacity, and a need for study materials and curriculum geared towards national needs and in
the relevant national languages. There is a need for a strategic framework for developing and enhancing capacity for ocean and coastal governance. Sound
governance of oceans, coasts, and small islands is needed and can be achieved by promoting political will to mainstream oceans agenda, promoting a new
generation of ocean leaders; establishing effective and credible institutions, and empowering the citizenry to demand greater accountability and transparency in
ocean resource management. Incentives must be created in order to retain those whose capacity has been developed (e.g. intellectual motivation, social
acceptability, financial benefits and security of employment). Investment in science is a prerequisite for the development of sound policy for ocean governance.
Preparation for and adaptation to climate change requires significant investment in developing capacity. A robust scientific agenda will result in the

42

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identification of scientific solutions to reduce impacts on the most vulnerable communities at risk due to climate change, e.g. SIDS. A strategic framework will
also require the consideration of poverty, local empowerment, and sustainable livelihoods. Capacity development to improve the governance of oceans and
coasts can play a significant role to promote empowerment of these communities to manage their resources better and to adopt more sustainable livelihoods.

Major recommendations to implement a strategy of capacity development are outlined in the below table.

Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


-- Support regional institutions (e.g. COSMAR,
-- Regional Institutions
-- Support regional institutions
2008-2015
WIOMSA, CPRP) to be more effective in promoting

(e.g. Ocean leadership in the

sound governance of ocean and coastal ecosystems;

African Union, Networks of

supporting both national and regional fisheries

MPAs with WIOMSA, cultural

organizations to adopt ecosystem approach to fisheries

linkages and partnerships with

management; promoting networks of MPAs; and

CPRP); sustainable livelihoods

promoting sustainable livelihoods, including identifying
with CTI

markets and credit facilities





-- Promote ocean leaders in
2008-2015


partnership with global/regional



organizations, i.e. AOSIS, WIO,



GEF/ASLME, WIOMSA, CTI













-- Conduct a high-level multi-donor (public and
- Seek sponsorship from GEF,
-- Facilitate a high-level multi-
2008-2010
private), multi-partner conference towards the
private sector, bilateral and
donor (public and private) multi-

development of an agreed strategic approach to
multilateral donors, etc.
partner conference on capacity

capacity development on oceans, coasts, and SIDS
development


-- for greater collaboration to


reduce risk, inefficiency


-- on financial


modalities/instruments


-- to leverage further resources


for priority areas/themes


-- develop collaboration with


private foundations that


supported the NAS study on


capacity development (e.g.


Moore Foundation, McArthur

Foundation, Exxon-Mobil,


Shell, etc.)





43

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-- Improve GEF co-financing regarding in-country


long-term capacity building








-- Enhance the ocean and coastal management curricula
-- Ocean/Climate
2008-2015
of the University Consortium of Small Island States
Strategy/Vision/Leadership


Training for High-Level

Decisionmakers from around the

World (focus on permanent ocean
officials in-country and

permanent representatives to the

UN)

--Special emphasis on several

groups of countries:

-- 44 Small Island Developing
States (SIDS)

-- Coral Triangle Initiative

Countries (Indonesia, East

Timor, Malaysia, Philippines,
Papua New Guinea, and

Solomon Islands)

-- East Africa (New

Partnership for Africa's

Development (NEPAD))

-- The 8 countries in the

Community of Portuguese-

Speaking Nations (Portugal,
Brazil, Angola, Cape Verde,
Guinea-Bissau,

Mozambique, São Tomé and
Príncipe, and Timor-Leste)



-- Enhancement of education in
2008-2015
marine affairs/policy for the next

generation of ocean leaders

(through regional consortia of

universities). Special emphasis

on the University Consortium of

Small Island States.






44

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-- Support the development of
2008-2015
technical skills:
--adaptation to climate change
-- EEZ and CS demarcation
-- improvements in
desalinization technologies
-- research in tidal energy, ocean
acidification
-- negotiation of access
agreements (fisheries, oil and
gas)





45

---

Public Education and Outreach

Major Findings:

WSSD Goals
Public Education and Outreach affects all of the WSSD goals related to oceans because the main purpose of Public Education and Outreach is to support
international ocean-related goals by educating the public, media, and educators on the main issues facing oceans and coasts.

Background
One of the obstacles to achieving ocean-related goals is the lack of public awareness on many topics related to oceans and coasts. This information must be
disseminated to all levels of the public from intergovernmental bodies to national education efforts and down to the community and individual levels. The
World Ocean Network and the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands have worked together since the World Summit on Sustainable Development in
2002 in a symbiotic relationship whereby the Global Forum has produced policy messages about global oceans goals and their effective implementation and the
WON has translated and widely disseminated these messages to publics around the world, always emphasizing the centrality of changes in individual behavior
as a major path to change.

Methods to Achieve Goals
Bringing Public Education and Outreach to a variety of stakeholders around the world is a crucial component to further the global oceans agenda. The heart of
the strategic plan involving Public Education and Outreach focuses on the dissemination of public awareness in all of the other areas of focus, thereby achieving
greater impact in all areas through broader dissemination of information. This dissemination includes attending and organizing workshops, conferences, and
meetings to enhance written materials and objectives on the various areas of focus to a diversity of audiences including the public, governments,
intergovernmental bodies, and nongovernmental organizations. By educating the educators, policymakers, and the media on these issues, greater public
outreach can be expected as the information will filter to more of the public and more international targets than can be reached by using broad public education
goals. Reaching the public directly through the media and direct public education efforts is also important on the individual and community levels in areas such
as adaptation strategies and general knowledge about the oceans. The Public Education and Outreach efforts go hand-in-hand with the capacity working group
efforts to increase human and financial capacity to achieve ocean-related goals to 2015.

By 2015, the World Ocean Network and its partners would like to have the ability to gather together 600 active organizations able to mobilize up to 1000
participating organizations in 120 to 150 countries, reaching an audience of 300 million people per year. Governments should also include ocean education in
their education curricula. As part of these efforts, the Global Forum will most actively participate by reaching current ocean leaders around the world on
capacity development and public outreach. The Global Forum will also work with universities, training institutes, and national leaders to mold the next
generation of ocean leaders. Concurrently, the World Ocean Network plans to organize the World Ocean International Academy in 2009, aimed at bringing
together the media, leaders of ocean aquaria and museums, and global oceans experts.

Challenges
Internalization of ocean education initiatives is the toughest challenge on the individual level. Meaningful impacts must be demonstrated to the public on this
level for internalization to occur. Accordingly, educators, policymakers, and the media must also internalize ocean education if they are to promote these
initiatives in education curricula, at international meetings, in setting policy agendas, and teaching the public through example. Another challenge is raising the
financial and human capacity resources it will require to implement the public education efforts outlined by the Working Group.

46

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Major Recommendations
Major Actors Aimed At
Global Forum Role
Next Steps - Timing


-- Encourage stakeholders and the public to deepen
WON:


their awareness of ocean and coastal issues and their
-- Encourage and empower
-- Reach current ocean leaders
2008-2015
connectedness by promoting the concept of a "World
individuals and local, regional, around the world.

Ocean" through exhibits and other information
and international information

Manado Conference 2009
campaigns; incorporating ocean and coastal
initiatives and promote


management information in school curricula; and
concrete sustainable actions at

Fifth Global Conference 2010
organizing information and other special events during
the individual and community


the celebration of World Ocean Day.
levels.







-- Continue to hold and
-- Disseminate information for the 2008-2015

participate in meetings and
public at all meetings and


workshops for educators.
conferences including



deliberations of the Global Forum


Working Groups.







-- Continue working with WON



and other partners to increase



awareness of the oceans through



workshops, meetings, and



designated events.






-- Install thousands more
-- Provide input to WON on the
2008-2015

public education displays
materials developed for the public

around the world by 2015.
education displays.







-- Educate the media on ocean-



related issues so they can report



from a more informed



perspective.






-- Provide education curricula
-- Work with universities, training 2008-2015

to educational bodies.
institutes, and national leaders to



mold the next generation of ocean World Ocean International


leaders through a World Ocean
Academy 2009


Academy.




World Ocean Academy





Governments:



-- Include ocean education in

2010

47

---

school curricula.







Intergovernmental bodies:



-- Official endorsement from



the DESD Secretariat.







-- Gather all concerned
-- Engage government leaders in
2008-2015

organizations in a joint effort
adopting ocean education.


to push national governments



to include ocean matters in



education curricula.







-- Designation of World Ocean -- Support designation by
2008-2015

Day as an official UN
promoting World Ocean Day


International Day.
activities to government and



intergovernmental leaders.






Education and Museum



Professionals:



-- Use of the Ocean Info Pack

2008-2015

to rally hundreds of science



mediators, nature specialists,



and media to demonstrate the



importance of communicating



ocean matters to the public.






-- Encourage stakeholders and the public to commit
WON:


themselves to sustainable use of the oceans by
-- Mobilize millions of

2015
providing timely information on sustainable
Citizens of the Ocean in 120


consumption and other practices and opportunities for
countries.


individual and community action and practice.




-- Organize stakeholder

2015

debates and public debates by



all WON participants around



the world and in partnership



with all Global Forum working


group themes.







-- Organize regional youth

2008-2015

forums, youth consultations in



conjunction with international



48

---

ocean conferences, and to



make the International Youth



Parliament for the Ocean a



yearly event.






All Stakeholders:


-- Adopt concrete sustainable
2008-2015

actions, at the individual level,


such as adopting behavior and


consumption habits that show


more respect for the ocean.





-- Participate in WON-
2008-2015

organized public debates.





-- Become Citizens of the
2008-2015

Ocean or Ambassadors of the


Ocean.





-- Celebration of World Ocean
2008-2015

Day on June 8 annually;


increasing to 140 million


people in celebration by 2015.











Youth:

-- Empower people to take concrete actions to resolve
-- Participate in regional youth
2008-2015
ocean issues and challenges by organizing and
forums, attend youth

encouraging public participation in stakeholder debates consultations in conjunction

as well as organizing youth parliaments aimed at
with international ocean

enhancing the involvement of young people in ocean
conferences, and participate in

stewardship and governance.
the International Youth

Parliament for the Ocean.




49

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INVITATION TO COLLABORATE
In the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Program of Work 2008-2012

Background
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands was first mobilized in 2001 to help the world's governments
highlight issues related to oceans, coasts, and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on the agenda of the 2002
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), and was later formalized at the WSSD in Johannesburg.
The Global Forum is a response to perceived needs:
· for fostering cross-sectoral dialogue on ocean issues among governments, NGOs, international
organizations, and the private and scientific sectors
· for constant advocacy for oceans at the highest political levels
· for taking an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to oceans governance at national, regional, and
global levels, including treating the water system from freshwater, to coasts, to oceans as the interlinked
system that it is.

Since 2001, the Global Forum has involved ocean experts representing all sectors from 102 countries to
advance the global oceans agenda by: 1) promoting the implementation of international agreements related to
oceans, coasts, and SIDS, especially the goals emanating from the 2002 WSSD (see Table 1 on page 2); 2)
analyzing new emerging issues such as improving the governance regime for ocean areas beyond national
jurisdiction and addressing the impacts of climate change; and 3) promoting international consensus-building on
unresolved ocean issues.1

The Global Forum has organized four Global Conferences (in 2001, 2003, and 2006 at UNESCO in Paris and in
2008 in Hanoi, Vietnam); organized the Ocean Policy Summit in Lisbon in 2005 documenting experiences with
integrated oceans governance in countries and regions around the world; prepared a number of "report cards"
on the implementation of the WSSD ocean targets and of the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action for SIDS;
reports on ocean issues in island states; reports on capacity development needs on ocean and coastal
management in different world regions; and provided a series of Internet information services, including
periodic newsletters.

Strategic Oceans Planning to 2016
In late 2006, the Global Forum began a strategic planning effort in collaboration with governments, United
Nations agencies, NGOs, industry, and scientific groups, to advance the global oceans agenda over the ten-year
period to 2016.



1In the period 2005-2008, the Global Forum has received financing and co-financing support from: The Global Environment Facility (GEF/MSP on
Fostering a Global Dialogue on Oceans, Coasts, and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages),
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, UNEP Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land-based Activities, Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Gerard J. Mangone
Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware, World Ocean Network, International Coastal and Ocean Organization. Other sources of support
include: General Directorate for Nature Protection, Ministry for the Environment and Territory, Italy; Intersectorial Oceanographic Commission,
Portugal; Flemish Government and Flemish Minister for Economy, Enterprise, Science, Innovation and Foreign Trade, Belgium; Secretaría de Medio
Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Mexico; Consejo Consultivo del Agua, Mexico; Centro de Ecología, Pesquerías y Oceanografía del Golfo de
Mexico, Mexico; The Nature Conservancy; The Nippon Foundation, Japan; Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC); Partnerships
in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia; New Partnership for Africa's Development/Coastal and Marine Coordination Unit; IOC
Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and National Parks Board, Singapore; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vietnam;
Ministry of Land, Transportation, and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea; Pusan National University, Korea; Ministry of Marine Affairs and
Fisheries, Indonesia; USAID; United Nations Development Programme; United Nations Environment Programme; World Bank; International Ocean
Institute; Lighthouse Foundation; Luso-American Development Foundation; Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan; IUCN-Vietnam;
NAUSICAA; Le Centre de Decouverte du Monde Marin, Nice, France; and World Ocean Observatory.


1

---

Table 1. Major oceans, coasts, and SIDS targets from the World Summit on Sustainable Development*

Integrated ocean and coastal management
­ Encourage the application of the ecosystem approach by 2010 for the sustainable development of the oceans,
particularly in the management of fisheries and the conservation of biodiversity
­ Establish an effective, transparent and regular inter-agency coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal issues
within the United Nations system
­ Promote integrated coastal and ocean management at the national level and encourage and assist countries in
developing ocean policies and mechanisms on integrated coastal management
­ Assist developing countries in coordinating policies and programs at the regional and sub-regional levels aimed
at conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources and implement integrated coastal area
management plans, including through the development of infrastructure

Fisheries
­ Implement the FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and
Unregulated Fishing by 2004
­ Implement the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity by 2005
­ Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produce their maximum sustainable yield on an urgent
basis and where possible no later than 2015
­ Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and to overcapacity

Conservation of biodiversity
­ To achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and
national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth
­ Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, including the ecosystem approach, the elimination
of destructive fishing practices, the establishment of marine protected areas consistent with international law and
based on scientific information, including representative networks by 2012

Protection from marine pollution and maritime safety
­ Advance implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land-based Activities in the period 2002-2006 with a view to achieve substantial progress by 2006
­ Enhance maritime safety and protection of the marine environment:
a) Ratify, accede to and implement IMO instruments
b) Accelerate the development of measures to address invasive species in ballast waters

Science and observation
­ Improve scientific understanding and assessment of the marine environment
­ Establish a regular process under the United Nations for global reporting and assessment of the state of the
marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, by 2004

Small island developing States
­ Follow-up on the implementation of the results of the Mauritius 2005 review of the Barbados Programme of
Action

Water Resources Management
­ Development of integrated water resources management (IWRM) plans by 2005

*United Nations. 2002. Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development


Twelve Multinational Expert Working Groups, involving 254 experts from 72 countries, have been organized
on the following three major themes based on the WSSD targets on oceans, coasts, and SIDS, also considering a
number of overarching, cross-cutting issues, as shown in the chart on page 3.





2

---

Global Forum Working Groups Matrix

Theme 1: Achieving Ecosystem
Theme 2: Climate, Oceans, and
Theme 3: Governance of Marine
Management and Integrated
Security
Ecosystems and Uses in Areas
Coastal and Ocean Management

Beyond National Jurisdiction
by 2010
a. Coordinating Group on


Theme 2: Cross-Cutting
a. Coordinating Group on
a. Coordinating Group on
Issues
Theme 3: Cross-Cutting
Theme 1: Cross-Cutting
Vulnerable Communities
Issues
Issues
--Adaptation
Overall Governance Issues
b. Large Marine Ecosystems
--Environmental Refugees
Ecosystems and Uses
c. Marine Biodiversity and MPAs
--Public Health
--Marine Biodiversity
d. Freshwater, Oceans, and
Vulnerable Ecosystems
--Fisheries
Coasts
--Natural Disasters
--Bioprospecting
e. Fisheries and Aquaculture
--Sea Level Rise
--Deep Seabed Mining
f. Maritime Transportation
--Ocean Acidification
--Tourism

--Ocean Warming
--Maritime Transportation
b. SIDS and the Mauritius

Strategy

Overarching, Cross-Cutting
Issues

a. Capacity Development
b. Indicators for Progress
c. Compliance and
Enforcement
d. Public Education /
Outreach / Media


The Working Groups have prepared a set of Policy Analyses addressing:

--The major problems/obstacles that affect the issue area and ways of overcoming these

--How the global ocean goal/target under consideration can be assessed and progress (or lack thereof)
measured; the extent to which intermediate and readily measurable targets and timetables might be set as
implementation benchmarks; and the relationship of the ocean goal/target to other global ocean goals/targets

--Strategic opportunities for advancing the global goal/target in the next decade, by whom, and in what fora

--Recommendations on 3-5 specific priority action steps for implementation by national and international
decisionmakers to advance the issue in the next phase

The following policy briefs are available at www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/:

1. Ecosystem Management and Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management and Indicators for Progress
2. Large Marine Ecosystems
3. Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas
4. Linking the Management of Freshwater, Oceans, and Coasts

3

---

5. Fisheries and Aquaculture--Sustainability and Governance
6. Maritime Transport
7. Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
8. Climate, Oceans, and Security
9. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy
10. Compliance and Enforcement
11. Capacity Building
12. Public Education and Outreach


Fourth Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, Hanoi, Vietnam, April 7-11, 2008
The 4th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands brought together 439 ocean and coastal leaders from
64 countries, representing all sectors, including governments, intergovernmental and international
organizations, non-governmental organizations, the business community, ocean donors, and scientific
institutions. The conference was organized by the Global Forum and hosted by the highest political levels in
the Government of Vietnam. The Conference Program is available at
http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2008/pdf/ConferenceProgram-April4.pdf.

The conference assessed essential issues in the governance of the world's oceans, with a focus on moving
toward an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to oceans governance at national, regional, and global
levels. For the first time, a concerted effort was made to bring oceans policy together with climate change
policy. As indicated in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, climate change will
have profound effects on coastal ecosystems and populations around the world, especially among the poorest
people on Earth and in small island developing States.

Conference participants considered the policy briefs prepared by the Working Groups and developed a strategic
action plan, with specific steps, to advance the global oceans agenda to 2016.

For information about the Fourth Global Oceans Conference (GOC2008), please see:

World Ocean Observatory GOC2008 Website: http://www.thew2o.net/goc2008/index.html

GOC2008 YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/globaloceans2008

International Institute for Sustainable Development ­ Reporting Services Summary Report of the Conference:
http://www.iisd.ca/ymb/sdoh4/

A synthesis of the findings and policy recommendations of the Fourth Global Oceans Conference and of the
Working Groups will be presented in June 2008 at the UN oceans negotiations in New York and disseminated
globally.


Collaboration Invited in the Global Forum's Program of Work 2008-2012
Organizations with an interest in advancing the global oceans agenda are invited to collaborate with the Global
Forum in the further development and implementation of the strategic plan to advance to global oceans agenda
and associated activities.

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has committed to provide funding of $900,000 as core funding to
support this work. Co-financing of $2.7 million dollars (in-kind and in-cash) is invited, following GEF
guidelines on co-financing.


4

---

Major activities to be undertaken by the Global Forum and its partners are outlined below. In the period July to
October 2008, the activities will be further refined and operationalized through consultation with all Global
Forum collaborators and other relevant parties, through a GEF Program Preparation Grant.

Major Activities to Be Undertaken:

TASKS 1 and 2
STRATEGIC PLANNING TO ADVANCE THE GLOBAL OCEANS AGENDA

Work by Global Forum Secretariat and 12 Multinational Working Groups to implement the
policy recommendations made at the Hanoi Global Oceans Conference and by the Working
Groups to advance the global oceans agenda to 2016

--Build on recommendations from Working Groups and from Hanoi conference. Distill major next steps in each area: (1)
Climate, Oceans, and Security; 2) Achieving EBM and ICM by 2010 and Progress Markers; 3) Large Marine
Ecosystems; 4) Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas; 5) Fisheries and Aquaculture ­
Sustainability and Governance; 6) SIDS and Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy; 7) Linking the Management
of Freshwater, Coasts, and Oceans; 8) Governance of Marine Ecosystems and Uses in Areas Beyond National
Jurisdiction; 9) Maritime Transportation; 10) Capacity Development; 11) Compliance and Enforcement; and 12)
Public Education and Outreach. Determine how to best bring them to the attention of decisionmakers in various fora.

--Strategic planning to incorporate oceans in the major world fora--for example, climate talks in 2008 and 2009
(UNFCCC COP-14 and Kyoto Protocol COP/MOP4, UNFCCC COP-15), biodiversity in 2008 (CBD COP9) and 2010
(CBD COP10), G8 Summit in 2008 and 2009, and the 5 World
th
Water Forum in 2009, etc.

--Carry out systematic consultations on the strategic oceans agenda with: 1) Donor groups, 2) Business and industry, 3)
Environmental groups, 4) country UN missions in New York.

--Communicate with interested governments and the UN Division of Economic and Social Affairs regarding
preparation of the oceans review by the UN Commission on Sustainable Development in 2014-2015.


TASK 3
CO-ORGANIZE INDONESIA WORLD OCEAN CONFERENCE, MANADO, INDONESIA,
MAY 2009 (May 11-15, 2009)

--The Global Forum will co-organize the World Ocean Conference with the Indonesian government
and assist in all aspects of the planning process.

--The Global Forum will, in particular, plan and execute a "Global Oceans Policy Day" bringing the
results of the Global Forum Working Groups and the Hanoi Conference to Manado.

--The Global Forum will actively participate in the preparation of the Manado Declaration, expected
to lay out specific policy recommendations for high-level leaders.

--The Global Forum will use the preparatory process to the Indonesia conference to inform the GEF-5
replenishment process.

--The Global Forum will plan to institutionalize the High-Level Ministerial Oceans Roundtable as
part of the Global Forum's Global Ocean Conferences post-Manado.



5

---

TASKS 4 AND 5
THE GLOBAL FORUM WILL CARRY OUT SPECIAL ANALYSES IN THREE MAJOR
AREAS:

1. Carry out a major international survey on the extent of implementation of Ecosystem-Based
Management (EBM) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), including freshwater aspects,
at national and regional levels, in partnership with national and regional collaborators.
During the preparatory process for the Hanoi Global Oceans Conference, it became apparent that
there are insufficient data available to adequately ascertain the status of implementation of EBM and
ICM, major global ocean goals from the WSSD. This activity will carry out a major survey on this
issue and prepare a global status report to be featured at the 2010 Fifth Global Oceans Conference.

2. Carry out policy analyses and multistakeholder policy dialogues on improving governance of
marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.

Considerable work has already been carried out in this area by the Global Forum (these are reviewed
in the Global Forum's report to the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended Informal Working Group to study issues
relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of
national jurisdiction (2nd Meeting, 28 April ­ 2 May 2008, New York)
(http://www.globaloceans.org/highseas/pdf/GlobalForumSubmission-2ndAdHocWGMeeting-
April2008-red.pdf).

In 2008, the Global Forum will organize:

--The Workshop on Management Issues and Policy Alternatives to Improve Governance of Areas
Beyond National Jurisdiction, together with the Government of Singapore, in Singapore, on
November 3-5, 2008, with a special focus on issues of benefit-sharing.

--At the Workshop, there will be an opportunity for a consultation session on the role that the GEF
should play regarding areas beyond national jurisdiction in the next phase.

3. Planning and financing for adaptation to climate change in developing countries, especially
SIDS

--This element will implement the recommendations of the Climate, Oceans, and Security Working
Group and develop practical approaches to adaptation to climate change effects in developing
countries and SIDS in conjunction with UNDP, USAID, Government of Korea, and other
collaborators.

TASK 6
PLANNING AND SEED FUNDING FOR 2010 GLOBAL OCEANS CONFERENCE
(tentatively April 2010, expressions of interest have been received from 8 potential hosts)


TASK 7
OCEAN/CLIMATE STRATEGY/VISION/LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR HIGH-LEVEL
DECISIONMAKERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD (FOCUS ON PERMANENT OCEAN
OFFICIALS IN-COUNTRY AND PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES TO THE UN)

--Special emphasis on several groups of countries:


6

---

44 Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Coral Triangle Initiative Countries (Indonesia, East Timor, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New
Guinea, and Solomon Islands)
East Africa (New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD))
The 8 countries in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Nations (Portugal, Brazil, Angola,
Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, and East Timor)

--Enhancement of education in marine affairs/policy for the next generation of ocean leaders (through
regional consortia of universities). Special emphasis on the University Consortium of Small Island
States.

TASK 8
PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH ON ALL OF THE ABOVE

The Global Forum will collaborate with the World Ocean Network, the World Ocean Observatory, and
other groups specializing in public outreach to craft and disseminate messages to the public to promote
appropriate individual and social behavior toward the oceans, in conjunction with the world's museums
and aquaria.

Additionally, in connection with Task 7 (Capacity Development/Ocean Leadership), the Global Forum
will organize with the World Ocean Network and other groups:

--Ocean strategy/vision leadership training for the heads of marine aquaria/centers of education

--Ocean strategy/vision leadership training for media


Contact Information
For additional information, please contact

Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Co-Chair and Head of Secretariat,
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands,
and Director, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
University of Delaware, Robinson Hall 301
Newark, Delaware 19716 USA
Email: bcs@udel.edu
Tel. +1-302-831-8086
Fax: +1-302-831-3668

Dr. Miriam C. Balgos, Program Coordinator
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
University of Delaware, Robinson Hall 301
Newark, Delaware 19716 USA
Email: mbalgos@udel.edu
Tel. +1-302-831-8086
Fax: +1-302-831-3668


List of Invited Collaborators
A list of invited collaborators may be found at the end of this document.

7

---

INVITED COLLABORATION

Intergovernmental Organizations
Government of Singapore (Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat*
National Parks Board)*
Food and Agriculture Organization*
Government of Sweden (SiDA)
Global Environment Facility*
Government of the United States of America (NOAA:
GEF International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource
National Ocean Service (Coastal Services Center,
Network*
International Program Office), National Marine Fisheries
United Nations Development Programme
Service; Department of State; USAID)*
United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the
Government of Vietnam (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Sea
Development; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Natural Resources and Environment)*
Organization (Intergovernmental Oceanographic

Commission; Division of Ecological Sciences; Division
Nongovernmental Organizations
of Water Sciences; Environment and Development in
Conservation International
Coastal Regions and in Small Islands)*
Global Water Partnership
United Nations Environment Programme (Global Programme
International Ocean Institute*
of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment
International Union for the Conservation of Nature*
from Land-based Activities)*
IUCN Vietnam*
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
The Nature Conservancy*
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
World Wildlife Fund*

United Nations University ­ Institute of Advanced Studies
Foundations
World Bank*
David and Lucille Packard Foundation, US
World Bank Institute*
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, US

International Organizations
Gulbenkian Foundation, Portugal*
Alliance of Small Island States
Heinz Foundation, US
Asian Development Bank
Lighthouse Foundation, Germany*
Community of Portuguese-Speaking Nations
Luso-American Foundation, Portugal*
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone*
Nippon Foundation, Japan*
New Partnership for Africa's Development *
Ocean Policy Research Foundation, Japan*
Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission*
Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Monaco
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of
Sea Level Rise Foundation, Seychelles
East Asia*
Weitz Foundation, Germany

South Pacific Regional Environment Programme*
Research Centers

Governments
Cardiff University, Wales (Marine Policy)
European Commission
Centro de Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanografia del Golfo de
Government of Australia*
Mexico (EPOMEX), Universidad Autonoma de
Government of Barbados*
Campeche, Mexico*
Flemish Government, Belgium*
China Institute of Marine Affairs
Government of Brazil
Dalhousie University, Marine and Environmental Law
Government of Canada (DFO; CIDA; DFAIT)*
Institute*
Government of China (SOA)
Institute for Sustainable Development and International
Government of France
Relations, France
Danish Hydraulic Institute (Water and Environment Group)
National University of Singapore
Government of Indonesia (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea*
Fisheries)*
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Government of Italy (Ministry of Environment and Territory)*
University of Delaware, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine
Government of Kenya
Policy*
Government of the Republic of Korea (Ministry of Maritime
University Consortium of Small Island States, Trinidad and
Affairs and Fisheries)*
Tobago
Government of Mexico (Secretariat of Environment and
University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center*
Natural Resources, Comision Consultiva del Agua)*
University of the South Pacific
Government of Mozambique*
Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association

Government of the Netherlands*
Aquaria and Museums
Government of Norway
Centre de Decouverte du Monde Marin, Nice, France*
Government of the Philippines
NAUSICAA (Centre National de la Mer)*
Government of Portugal (Intersectoral Oceanographic
Oceanario de Lisboa*
Commission; Secretary of State for Maritime Affairs;
World Ocean Observatory*

Ministry of Foreign Affairs)*
World Ocean Network*

8
*Indicates past financial and/or in-kind contributions

---

Steering Committee Members of GEF Medium Size Project: Fostering a Global Dialogue on
Oceans, Coasts, and SIDS and on Freshwater-Coastal-Marine Interlinkages

Mr. Julian Barbiere*
Dr. Dann Sklarew
Programme Specialist, Intergovernmental
Director and Chief Technical Advisor
Oceanographic Commission (IOC), United
GEF IW:LEARN
Nations Educational, Scientific, and
3804 14th St., N
Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Arlington, VA 22201 USA
1, rue Miollis
Email: dann@iwlearn.org
Paris Cedex 15 75732 FRANCE

E-mail: j.barbiere@unesco.org
Dr. Margaret Davidson

Director, Coastal Services Center
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain*
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
President, International Coastal and Ocean
Administration (NOAA)
Organization
2234 S. Hobson Ave.
Co-Chair and Head of Secretariat, Global
Charleston, SC 29405 USA
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
Email: margaret.davidson@noaa.gov
4200 Wisconsin Ave #106-212

Washington, D.C. 20016 USA
Or
Email: bcs@Udel.edu


Mr. Ralph Cantral*
Ms. Lori Ridgeway*
Senior Advisor for Coastal and Ocean
Director General, Policy Division
Resource Management
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
200 Kent Street, Stn: 14W095
Administration (NOAA)
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6 CANADA
1305 East West Highway
Email: Lori.Ridgeway@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Silver Spring, MD 20002 USA

Email: Ralph.cantral@noaa.gov
Dr. Alfred Duda

Senior Advisor
Dr. Anjan Datta
International Waters, The Global
Officer-in-Charge
Environment Facility (GEF)
United Nations Environment Program
1818 H St. NW
(UNEP)/ Global Programme of Action
Washington, D.C. USA
(GPA) Coordination Unit
Email: aduda@theGEF.org
UNEP

Kortenaerkade 1
Mr. Takehiro Nakamura*
The Hague 2518 AX
Senior Programme Officer
THE NETHERLANDS
United Nations Environment Programme
Email: a.datta@unep.nl
(UNEP)

P.O. Box 30552
Dr. Andrew Hudson
Nairobi 00100 KENYA
Principal Technical Advisor, International
Email: Takehiro.Nakamura@unep.org
Waters

The Global Environment Facility (GEF),
Dr. David Freestone*
United Nations Development Programme
Senior Advisor
(UNDP)
Office of General Counsel, The World Bank
FF-914, 1 UN Plaza
1818 H Street, NW
New York, New York 10007 USA
Washington, DC 20433 USA
Email: andrew.hudson@undp.org
Email: dfreestone@worldbank.org


* Confirmed participation in the Steering

Committee meeting, June 21, 2008

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Document Outline

• BB-MSPMeeting_June19.pdf
  • AGENDA GEF-MSP meeting (20 05 08).pdf
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  • TORs TE Global Dialogue on Oceans.pdf
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  • #7-Report of First Steering Committee Meeting - Final-clean.pdf
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  • #11-Chart-of-Recommendations_JUNE19PRINT.pdf
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