www.globaloceans.org
Vol. 1 No. 4 October 31, 2003
REMINDER:
In This Issue
All participants in the Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands: Mobilizing for
Implementation of the Commitments Made at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable
Development (UNESCO, Paris, November 12-14, 2003) must register for the conference.
Editorial...1
In this issue we are providing the full Conference program on page 2. See also the
Conference website at www.globaloceans.org.
2003 Global
Conference
Editorial
Program...2
We are fast approaching the Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands: Mobilizing for
Implementation of the Commitments Made at the World Summit on Sustainable Development
Reports on Events
(November 10 to 14, 2003, at UNESCO, Paris), and we look forward to seeing many of you at the
- Workshop on the
conference. We are expecting over 240 ocean leaders--representing an excellent mix of perspectives
from the governmental, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental realms-- to develop tangible
Governance of High
alliances to address the WSSD targets related to oceans, coasts, and islands. The Conference Program
Seas Biodiversity
starts on page 2.
Conservation...22
This issue also covers the following major issues:
- Vth World Parks
Congress...24
High Seas Biodiversity. Marine life inhabiting the high seas is little understood, and scientific
- AIMS Regional
knowledge to guide management of this increasingly threatened marine life is very limited. In order to
address the issues surrounding management of marine life in the deep oceans, a major international
Preparatory Meeting
conference on the governance of high seas biodiversity conservation was held in June 2003 in
for Barbados+10...26
Australia. A report on the outcomes of the conference is on pages 22-23.
Progress on Marine Protected Areas. The Vth World Parks Congress held in Durban, South Africa
Articles
on September 8-17, 2003 brought together practitioners and policy makers in marine protected area
- Regional Management
management. The Marine Theme objective was to plan a course on how to achieve the World
of Fisheries...28
Summit on Sustainable Development goal to establish representative MPA networks by 2012. A
- Australia's Oceans
report by the Marine Theme coordinators summarizes the outcome of the Congress on pages 24-25.
Policy A Progress
Preparations for Mauritius 2004. The Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and the South China
Report...30
Sea Island Countries (AIMS) Regional Meeting for the Review of the Programme of Action for the
Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (BPoA) convened at Praia, Cape Verde,
on September 1-5, 2003. The outcome of the meeting and aspirations on the Mauritius 2004
Announcement
outcomes by AIMS SIDS are covered on pages 26-27.
- Summer Institute in
Coastal Management
Perspective on Fisheries. The state of the world's fisheries and the resulting pressures on fisheries
2004...31
management are becoming intense. Hance Smith of the Department of Earth Sciences in Cardiff
University, UK writes about regional approaches to fisheries management, providing his viewpoints
about fisheries management priorities, methods and key players, and regional frameworks of
About Us...32
management, on pages 28-29.
Australian National Oceans Policy. There has been significant progress since Australia released its
Oceans Policy in 1998, such as regional marine planning, the national work program to build the
knowledge base of the EEZ, and the establishment of a secretariat of the National Oceans Office in
Canberra. In this issue, Russell Reichelt, Chairman of Australia's National Oceans Advisory Group,
reports on these and other developments related to Australia's Oceans Policy on page 30.
Dr. Miriam C. Balgos
Lead Editor
Global Forum Newsletter
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, created at the WSSD in Johannesburg in September 2002, aims to advance the
interests of oceans - incorporating 72% of the Earth; coasts - the home of 50% of the world's population; and islands - 43 of the world's
nations are small island developing states, which are especially dependent on the oceans. The Forum is composed of individuals from
governments, intergovernmental and international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (environmental, scientific/techni-
cal, industry, and foundations) with the common goal of achieving the sustainable development of oceans, coasts and islands.
Co-Chairs
Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, Director
Dr. Patricio A. Bernal, Executive Secretary
Dr. Veerle Vandeweerd, Coordinator
CMP/University of Delaware
IOC/UNESCO
UNEP/GPA Coordination Office
bcs@udel.edu
p.bernal@unesco.org
v.vandeweerd@unep.nl
1
GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON OCEANS, COASTS, AND ISLANDS:
MOBILIZING FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS MADE AT THE
2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
November 12-14, 2003, UNESCO, Paris
(With Pre-conference Workshops on November 10-11, 2003)
DESCRIPTION AND DRAFT PROGRAM (October 29, 2003)
CONTENTS
SESSION 5. Roundtable Discussion on Challenges
and Opportunities in Meeting the WSSD
About the Conference
Substantive Objectives on Oceans, Coasts, and
Background...3
Small Island Developing States...10
Purposes of the Global Conference...4
Conference Structure..4
Day 3. Friday, November 14, 2003
Conference Outputs...5
Session 6. Targeting Development Assistance to
Posters and Exhibits...5
Meet WSSD Goals...11
Pre-Conference Events, Meetings, and Workshops..6
Session 7. Private Sector Perspectives on WSSD
Conference Venue...6
Implementation and on the Global Oceans
Hotels...6
Agenda...11
Conference Co-Chairs...6
Session 8. Options for a Global Oceans Fund...12
Conference Sponsors...6
Session 9. Generating Maintaining Public Support for
Conference Registration: Forms and Fees...6
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands...12
Conference Secretariat...6
Session 10. Emerging Issues...12
Conference Coverage...7
Session 11. Bringing It All Together...13
For Further Information...7
Pre-Conference Schedule (November 10-11,
Global Conference Schedule (November 12-14,
2003)
2003)
Implementation of WSSD Type II Partnerships...12
Day 1. Wednesday, November 12, 2003
Capacity Building...14
Conference Opening and Introduction...7
Film Showing on Biodiversity Conservation...15
Session 1. Problems and Opportunities in the
Publication Launch and Discussion on Wise Practices
Implementation of WSSD Commitments:
for Coping with Beach Erosion in Small
Ministerial Perspectives...7
Islands...15
Session 2. Implementation of WSSD Commitments
Coral Reef Management Issues...15
at the Regional Level...7
Integrated Coastal Management...16
Special Addresses...8-9
National Ocean Policies...17
Session 3. Small Island Developing States: The
Public Information, Education and Awareness...18
Issues in Mauritius 2004...8
Small Islands and Mauritius 2004...19
Coastal Zone Africa Forum...19
Day 2. Thursday, November 13, 2003
Large Marine Ecosystems...20
Special Address...9
Session 4. NGO and Foundation Perspectives on
Registration Form...21
WSSD Implementation...9
Conference Sponsors
DFO
UNESCO
AUSTRALIA
IOI
NAUSICAA
NOO
2
Background
Table 1. Major Targets and Timetables Adopted
The World Summit on Sustainable Development
at the World Summit on Sustainable Develop-
ment on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
(WSSD), which took place in Johannesburg, South
Africa from August 26 to September 4, 2002,
Integrated ocean and coastal management
Encourage the application of the ecosystem approach by
brought together 21,340 participants from 191
2010 for the sustainable development of the oceans, particu-
governments, intergovernmental organizations,
larly in the management of fisheries and the conservation of
biodiversity
nongovernmental organizations, industry, and
Establish an effective, transparent and regular inter-agency
academia, including many heads of state and other
coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal issues within the
United Nations system
high level officials.
Promote integrated coastal and ocean management at the
national level and encourage and assist countries in developing
ocean policies and mechanisms on integrated coastal manage-
Oceans, coasts, and islands were not initially on the
ment
WSSD agenda, which emphasized issues concerning Assist developing countries in coordinating policies and
programs at the regional and subregional levels aimed at
water and sanitation, energy, health, agriculture, and
conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources
biodiversity. However, thanks to the mobilization of
and implement integrated coastal area management plans,
including through the development of infrastructure
interested governments, nongovernmental
organizations, and UN agencies early in the WSSD
Fisheries
Implement the FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent,
preparatory process, advances in oceans, coasts,
Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated
and islands represent one of the most important
Fishing by 2004
Implement the FAO International Plan of Action for the
outcomes of the World Summit.
Management of Fishing Capacity by 2005
Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can
produce their maximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis and
Government delegates negotiated and agreed on an
where possible no later than 2015
action plan for oceans, coasts, and islands, with
Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing and to overcapacity
quite specific targets and timetables for action--see
summary in Table 1. Major examples include
Conservation of biodiversity
Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and
applying the ecosystem approach to marine areas by tools, including the ecosystem approach, the elimination of
2010 and establishing networks of marine protected
destructive fishing practices, the establishment of marine
protected areas consistent with international law and based on
areas by 2012. Important targets were also
scientific information, including representative networks by
established on issues related to small island
2012
developing states (e.g., developing community-
Protection from marine pollution
based initiatives in sustainable tourism by 2004); on
Advance implementation of the Global Programme of Action
for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
fisheries issues (e.g., managing fishery capacity by
Activities in the period 2002-2006 with a view to achieve
2005 and controlling illegal fishing by 2004), and in
substantial progress by 2006
other ocean-related areas as well. The targets and
Science and observation
timetables found in the WSSD Plan of
Establish a regular process under the United Nations for
global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine
Implementation represent an important advance
environment, including socioeconomic aspects, by 2004
because they have enshrined, as global imperatives
Small Island Developing States
by the world's political leaders, many of the goals
Develop community-based initiatives on sustainable tourism
previously posited by expert groups and specialized
in small island developing States by 2004
Reduce, prevent, and control waste and pollution and their
agencies. There is now a global consensus reached
health-related impacts in Small island developing States by
at the highest political levels that there is an urgent
2004 through the implementation of the Global Programme of
need to take specific action to achieve sustainable of
Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land-based Activities
oceans, coasts, and of small island developing
Support the availability of adequate, affordable and environ-
States.
mentally sound energy services for the sustainable development
of small island developing States, including through strengthen-
ing efforts on energy supply and services by 2004.
Undertake a comprehensive review of the implementation of
the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable
Development of Small Island Developing States in 2004.
3
The WSSD targets and timetables, however, are
c) Analyze, in particular, the needs of Small Island
not "self-implementing." Instead, governments
Developing States (SIDS), especially in relation to
around the world will need much assistance and
the forthcoming global review of progress achieved
support from all parts of the oceans, coasts, and
in SIDS countries since the 1994 Barbados
islands community--to operationalize what needs to
Programme of Action, to be held in Mauritius in
be done, to mobilize the requisite knowledge and
August 2004.
financial resources, and to maintain the high-level
2) To discuss emerging issues on oceans, coasts,
political support essential to achieve the sorely
and islands for which international consensus is still
needed "on-the-ground" improvements in the health
to be reached.
and condition of marine ecosystems and in the well-
being of coastal communities.
3) To develop strategies for mobilizing private sector
involvement and increased public awareness on
Purposes of the Global
oceans, coasts, and islands, to insure continued
Conference
support for the global oceans agenda.
The major purposes of the Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands are to review what has
The Global Conference is organized by the Global
been done to date in implementing the WSSD
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands, comprised
commitments, and to catalyze action on WSSD
of individuals from governments, intergovernmental
implementation through collaboration among
and international organizations (IOs), and
governments, international organizations,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), with the
nongovernmental organizations, and the private
common goals of advancing the interest of oceans--
sector. The conference focuses, as well, on
incorporating 72% of the Earth; coasts--the home
approaches to mobilizing public and private sector
of 50% of the world's population, and islands--43
support for the global oceans agenda, and on the
of the world's nations are small island developing
identification of emerging ocean issues.
states, which are especially dependent on the
oceans. The Forum was created at the World
More specifically, the Conference aims to:
Summit on Sustainable Development in
1) Focus on useful strategies for and experiences in
Johannesburg in September 2002 by the WSSD
implementing the commitments made at the World
Informal Coordinating Group on Oceans, Coasts
Summit on Sustainable Development at global,
and Islands.
regional, and national levels, through discussions
among experts from governments, international
Conference Structure
organizations, non-governmental organizations, and
The Conference will run over a three-day period
the private sector. For each of the major areas of
(Wednesday, November 12 through Friday,
oceans, coasts, and islands where WSSD targets
November 14, 2003) with opportunities for informal
have been set, the conference will:
group meetings, workshops, and side events on
November 10 and 11, 2003.
a) Invite reports by governments, nongovernmental
organizations and intergovernmental organizations on Most of the conference is organized as plenary
sessions with the exception of the afternoon of
progress and challenges in implementation of the
November 13 when there will be concurrent
WSSD Plan of Implementation;
discussion group sessions.
b) Discuss the contribution of partnership initiatives,
including the identification of gaps in knowledge/
Participants from governments, NGOs, IOs, and the
private sector are invited to provide written informal
resources/political will needed for implementation of
reports on progress and challenges faced in activities
the WSSD targets;
related to WSSD implementation. These reports
4
should be sent to the conference organizers
--Is it best to approach the issue/target regionally?
(johnston@udel.edu) no later than October 24,
In what regions? Through pilot or demonstration
2003.
projects? What about issues of scaling up?
Lead paper presenters and roundtable discussants
--Which group/countries/agencies have the
are invited to address the following aspects of
knowledge resources needed for achieving this
WSSD implementation (Summaries of lead
target? Which have the financial resources?
papers and of roundtable participants'
--Which groups/countries/agencies might be/are
perspectives are also invited by October 24,
taking leading roles? How to further encourage/
2003; please see instructions on the conference
catalyze this?
website www.globaloceans.org):
--Are the financial resources already pledged for
the WSSD commitments/targets and for the Type II
--Commentary and analysis of the WSSD targets
initiatives adequate to mobilize implementation of the
and timetables
target?
--Analysis of possible strategies for achieving the
objectives of the WSSD Plan of Implementation
--Initial progress in implementation and progress in
Conference Outputs
partnership initiatives
The following conference outputs are planned:
--Problems and obstacles faced
1. Co-Chairs report of the Conference,
--Identification of gaps in targets and partnership
containing: 1) perspectives on WSSD
initiatives; and
implementation--progress achieved so far, initiatives
--Capacity building and political mobilization issues.
in progress, obstacles faced, promising strategies for
More specifically, lead papers and roundtable
achieving action in the medium term, and 2)
participants are asked to address the following:
summaries of the papers and commentaries
presented at the conference.
--How to operationalize the WSSD commitment/
2. A volume on Ministerial Perspectives on the
target. What will the commitment/target take in
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Outcomes of the
terms of knowledge resources, financial resources,
World Summit on Sustainable Development,
and political will? If accomplished, what would the
incorporating the presentations of the high-level
result be "on the ground"? (e.g., what would
participants.
"representative networks of marine protected areas"
look like?)
3. Several special issues of the international
journal Ocean & Coastal Management.
--What will it take to implement the commitment/
target? i.e., what is the path to implementation? e.g., Posters and Exhibits
National-level action? International action?
Participants will have space to exhibit posters and
Subnational action? Action by private sector?
distribute documentation in the conference area.
Please contact Julian Barbiere
--What is the role of international agencies/NGOs/
(j.barbiere@unesco.org) or Sonia Guiraud
Governments in assisting/catalyzing implementation?
(s.guiraud@unesco.org), Intergovernmental
--To what extent is the specific target already on the Oceanographic Commission (IOC) (Tel.: +33-1-
agenda of various groups, and how might these
45-68-40-45/+33-1-45-68-39-05; Fax: 33-1-45-
efforts be synergized?
68-58-12) at the earliest convenience.
5
Pre-Conference Events, Meetings, Service, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
and Workshops
Administration
Participants are invited to organize side events and
· Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
meetings on Monday and Tuesday, November 10
and 11, 2003. Please note that a number of such
Conference Sponsors
events are already scheduled and that space is
· Institute for Ocean Policy, Ship and Ocean
limited. Please contact Julian Barbiere
Foundation, Japan, supported by a grant from the
(j.barbiere@unesco.org) or Sonia Guiraud
Nippon Foundation
(s.guiraud@unesco.org), IOC (Tel.: +33-1-45-68-
· Environment and Development in Coastal Regions
40-45/+33-1-45-68-39-05; Fax: 33-1-45-68-58-
and in Small Islands (CSI), UNESCO
12) at the earliest convenience.
· International Ocean Institute (IOI)
Conference Venue
Collaborating Organizations
The Conference will be held at UNESCO
· National Oceans Office, Australia
headquarters in Paris, France, with the
· NAUSICAA, Centre National de la Mer, France
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
· The World Ocean Network
serving as host.
· The World Bank Institute
· Centro de Ecologia, Pesquerias y Oceanografia
Hotels
del Golfo de Mexico (EPOMEX) Universidad
A list of hotels is available on the conference
Autonoma de Campeche, Mexico
website: http://www.globaloceans.org
· Partnerships in Environmental Management for the
Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
Conference Co-chairs
Conference Registration: Forms
The Conference Co-Chairs are the Co-Chairs of the
Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands: Dr.
and Fees
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Director, Gerard J. Mangone
The conference registration form may be found at
Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware;
the end of this program and on the conference
Dr. Patricio Bernal, Secretary, Intergovernmental
website (www.globaloceans.org). Please fill out the
Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO; and Dr.
conference registration form and enclose a check for
Veerle Vandeweerd, Director, UNEP/GPA, The
the registration fee and mail or fax to Catherine
Hague.
Johnston, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine
Policy, johnston@udel.edu, fax: 1-302-831-3668
Conference Sponsors
(telephone: 1-302-831-8086). The conference
registration fees are as follows:
Conference support (financial and in-kind) is cur-
rently kindly provided by governments, private
Payment from September 16, 2003 to
US $350.00
foundations, NGOs, and intergovernmental organi-
November 6, 2003
zations. Funding contributions are noted, with
Payment at the Conference
US $400.00
sincere appreciation to the following:
Conference Secretariat
Conference Patrons
Two Conference Secretariats are collaborating in the
organization of the conference.
· Intergovernmental Oceanographic Institution,
UNESCO
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
· Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy,
(IOC) is hosting the meeting and overseeing all
University of Delaware
arrangements related to the conduct of the
· United Nations Environment Programme, GPA
conference at UNESCO headquarters in Paris,
Coordination Office
including facilitating the travel and housing of
· International Program Office, National Ocean
conference participants.
6
The Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy
9:00-10:30
(CMP) at the University of Delaware, USA, is
SESSION 1. PROBLEMS AND
serving as the organizer of the conference program
and is handling the organization of pre-conference
OPPORTUNITIES IN THE
meetings, conference sessions, conference
IMPLEMENTATION OF WSSD
proceedings, and publications.
COMMITMENTS: MINISTERIAL
PERSPECTIVES
Conference Coverage
Ministerial-level leaders from major ocean and
Daily conference coverage will be provided by the
coastal nations will discuss initiatives being
Earth Negotiations Bulletin.
taken nationally and internationally to
implement the WSSD commitments, including
For Further Information
problems, constraints, and opportunities.
For information regarding the conference program,
please contact Dr. Miriam C. Balgos
Chair: Mohammed Valli Moosa, Minister of
(mbalgos@udel.edu) and Catherine Johnston
Environmental Affairs and Tourism, and Chair of
CSD 11, South Africa
(johnston@udel.edu), Gerard J. Mangone Center for
Marine Policy, University of Delaware, Newark,
Newton W. Kulundu, Minister of Environment,
Delaware 19716 USA (Tel. 1-302-831-8086; Fax: 1-
Natural Resources and Wildlife, Kenya
302-831-3668).
Ambassador Mohamed Bennouna, Permanent
Representative of Morocco to the United Nations,
For details about local facilities at UNESCO, such as
and Chair, Group of 77
exhibits and side events, please contact Julian
Barbiere (j.barbiere@unesco.org) or Sonia Guiraud
William J. Brennan, Deputy Assistant Secretary
(s.guiraud@unesco.org), IOC (Tel.: +33-1-45-68-40-
of Commerce for International Affairs, NOAA,
45/+33-1-45-68-39-05; Fax: 33-1-45-68-58-12).
USA
Amilcar Theias, Minister of City, Territorial
DRAFT PROGRAM
Development and Environment, Portugal
Sun Zhihui, Deputy Administrator, State Oceanic
DAY 1
Administration, China
. WEDNESDAY,
Harsh K. Gupta, Secretary, Department of Ocean
NOVEMBER 12, 2003
Development, India
Morning Session, 8:30-13:00
Lori Ridgeway, Director-General for Economic
8:30-9:00
Policies, Canada
Conference Opening and
Julian Hunt, Professor and Fellow of Royal
Introduction by the Conference
Society, UK, and Chairman, Advisory Committee
on Protection of the Sea
Co-Chairs
Roselyne Bachelot, Minister for the Environment,
Patricio Bernal, Executive Secretary,
France
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Biliana Cicin-Sain, Director, Gerard J. Mangone
10:30-11:00 Coffee Break
Center for Marine Policy (CMP), University of
Delaware
11:00-12:30 and 14:30-15:30
Veerle Vandeweerd, Coordinator, UNEP Global
SESSION 2. IMPLEMENTATION
Programme of Action for the Protection of the
OF WSSD COMMITMENTS AT
Marine Environment from Land-based Activities
THE REGIONAL LEVEL
7
Overview of the WSSD implementation process.
Status of implementation of WSSD commitments
12:30 PM Announcement of
at the regional level, including problems,
Special Award from the Global
constraints, and opportunities. New
Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and
developments at the regional level in ocean and
Islands to H.E. Judge Tuiloma
coastal management.
Neroni Slade, former Chair, Alliance
Chair: Alan Simcock, Commission of the
of Small Island Developing States, and
Convention for the Protection of the Marine
Permanent Representative of Samoa
Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR
to the United Nations; currently,
Commission)
Judge, International Criminal Court,
The Hague
Alan Simcock, OSPAR Commission, Toward
Achieving WSSD Objectives at the Regional
12:40 PM SPECIAL ADDRESS:
Level
Sylvia Earle, Conservation
Veerle Vandeweerd, UNEP-GPA, UNEP
International, Challenges to the Global
Regional Seas Programme and Meeting WSSD
Oceans Environment
Objectives
Kenneth Sherman, NOAA, The Large Marine
LUNCH 13:00-14:30
Ecosystem Network Approach to WSSD Targets
Fatimata Dia Toure, Director, Ministry of
Afternoon Session, 14:30-15:30
Environment, Senegal, New Partnership for
Africa's Development
Continuation of Session 2
Christelle Pratt, Manager, Oceans and Islands
15:30-16:00 Coffee Break
Programme, SOPAC, Toward a Regional Ocean
Policy for the Pacific
16:00-18:00
Ambassador Gunnar Palsson, Ministry for
SESSION 3. SMALL ISLAND
Foreign Affairs, Iceland, and Chair, Senior Arctic
DEVELOPING STATES: THE
Officials, Progress and Challenges Faced by the
Arctic Council in Addressing WSSD
ISSUES IN MAURITIUS 2004
Commitments
The WSSD addressed the special problems faced
by Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in
Chua Thia-Eng, PEMSEA, WSSD
detail and among the SIDS targets and
Implementation in East Asia
timetables, called for a review of the progress of
Margaret Hayes, Director of Oceans Affairs, U.S.
the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action for the
Department of State, WSSD Implementation in the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Basin
Developing States ten years later, at an
international conference in Mauritius in August
Harry Coccossis, University of Thessaly, Greece,
2004. The 44 Small Island Developing States
New Developments in Integrated Coastal Area
involved in the Alliance for Small Island States
Management in the Mediterranean Region
(AOSIS) are the stewards of a very large part of
Iouri Oliounine, International Ocean Institute,
the world's oceans, and are developing
Regional Cooperation in the Caspian Sea
innovative strategies for the protection and
sustainable use of these areas.
Margarita Astralaga, Ramsar Convention Bureau,
Implementation of WSSD Targets through the
Ramsar Convention
8
Chair: Diane Quarless, UNDESA
18:30 PM SPECIAL ADDRESS:
Special Addresses:
Jon Van Dyke, University of
Ambassador Jagdish Koonjul, Mauritius, Chair of
Hawai'i William S. Richardson School
AOSIS
of Law, Challenges to the
Ambassador Enele Sopoaga, Tuvalu, Vice-Chair
International Ocean Regime
of AOSIS
Ambassador Stuart Leslie, Belize, Vice-Chair of
19:00 WELCOME RECEPTION,
AOSIS
sponsored by the U.S. National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
Klaus Toepfer, Executive Director, United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP)
Discussion:
DAY 2. THURSDAY,
Byron Blake, CARICOM
NOVEMBER 13, 2003
Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles
Morning Session, 8:30-13:00
Miguel Fortes, IOC-WESTPAC Secretariat,
8:30-10:00
Philipines
SESSION 4. NGO AND FOUNDA-
Robin Mahon, University of the West Indies,
TION PERSPECTIVES ON WSSD
Barbados
IMPLEMENTATION
Social Perspectives:
Integral actors in WSSD implementation are the
Herman Belmar, Teacher, Bequia Community High Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) related
School, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Small
to oceans, coasts, and SIDS, and the foundations
Islands Voice Coordinator, Youth's Concerns and
which often fund this work. In this panel, major
Inputs to Mauritius 2004
NGOs and foundations report on their initiatives
related to WSSD implementation.
Pynee Chellapermal, Director, Centre for
Documentation, Research and Training on the
Chair: Lynne Hale, The Nature Conservancy
South-West Indian Ocean, Mauritius, and Small
Islands Voice Coordinator, Civil Society's
Peter Bryant, World Wildlife Fund International
Concerns and Inputs to Mauritius 2004
Matthew Hatchwell, The Wildlife Conservation
Tiare Holm, Assistant Director, Palau Conservation Society
Society, Palau, and Small Islands Voice
Xavier Pastor, Vice President for European
Coordinator, The General Public's Perspective on
Oceans and Seas, Oceana
Issues and Inputs to Mauritius 2004
Carl Lundin, IUCN
18:00 SPECIAL ADDRESS:
Hiroshi Terashima, Ship and Ocean Foundation,
Tullio Treves, International
Japan
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Francois Bailet, International Ocean Institute
(ITLOS) and University of Milan, Status
and Prospects of the Law of the Sea at
10:00 AM SPECIAL ADDRESS:
the 20th Year Anniversary
Emilio Gabbrielli, Executive
Secretary, Global Water Partnership,
Organizing for the Global Water Agenda:
Lessons Learned and Links to Oceans
9
10:30-11:00 Coffee Break
Ecosystem Approaches
Louise Heaps, WWF-UK Marine Prorgramme,
11:00-13:00, and 14:30-17:00
Implementing the WSSD Targets in Ecosystem
Management
SESSION 5. ROUNDTABLE
DISCUSSION ON CHALLENGES
Michael O'Toole, UNDP, Implementing the
AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MEET-
WSSD Targets through Ecosystem Management:
Example from the Benguela Current Large
ING THE WSSD SUBSTANTIVE
Marine Ecosystem
OBJECTIVES ON OCEANS,
COASTS, AND SMALL ISLAND
Lawrence Juda, University of Rhode Island, USA,
Difficulties in Implementing Ecosystem
DEVELOPING STATES
Management
In this Roundtable, the major substantive targets and
timetables on oceans and coasts are reviewed and
Fisheries:
critical assessments of possible strategies for
Serge Garcia, FAO, The Way Forward in Fisheries
implementation and next steps are discussed.
Alastair MacFarlane, General Manager, Trade
Topical areas covered include: Cross-sectoral
and Information, New Zealand Seafood Industry
aspects: Integrated coastal and ocean management
Council Ltd. (SEAFIC)
and governance, and Ecosystem approaches;
Jorge Varela, Oceana, Chile, Eliminating
Fisheries; Small Island Developing States;
Fisheries Subsidies
Biodiversity protection; Protection from marine
Hance Smith, Cardiff University, UK
pollution; Enhancing UN coherence on oceans and
Grant Trebble, AMCROPS, South Africa
coasts: Toward a global marine assessment, and
toward a UN coordination mechanism on oceans.
Small Island Developing States:
On each substantive topic, one or several
Ambassador Enele S. Sopoaga, Vice-Chair,
discussants will provide commentary.
AOSIS, The WSSD SIDS Targets
John Low, South Pacific Forum
Chair: Patricio Bernal, IOC
Clive Wilkinson, International Ocean
Cross-sectoral aspects:
Agreements and SIDS
Integrated Coastal and Ocean
Management and Governance
Biodiversity Protection and Marine
Biliana Cicin-Sain, UD CSMP, USA, The Way
Protected Areas:
Forward for Coastal and Ocean Governance
Bud Ehler, IUCN-World Commission on
Protected Areas (Marine), and NOAA, Toward
Magnus Ngoile, National Environment
Representative Networks of Marine Protected
Management Council, Tanzania, Linking Ocean
Areas by 2012
and Coastal Governance to Poverty Alleviation
Camille Mageau, DFO, Canada, National
and to Public Health Improvements
Network of MPAs
Eduardo Marone, International Ocean Institute,
Daniel Laffoley, English Nature
Brazil, Sustainability and Viability: Reinforcing
the Concepts of the Johannesburg Declaration
Protection from Marine Pollution:
on Sustainable Development
Veerle Vandeweerd, UNEP/GPA, Achieving
Substantial Progress in GPA by 2006
Discussant:
Magnus Johanesson, Ministry for the
Ian McPhail, Queensland EPA, Australia
Environment, Iceland
10
Achieving Enhanced Coherence in the
United Nations vis-à-vis Oceans, Coasts,
and Islands:
DAY 3. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 14,
1) Toward an Effective, Transparent, and
2003
Regular Inter-Agency Coordination
Morning sessions, 8:30-13:00
Mechanism on Ocean and Coastal Issues
within the United Nations System
8:30-10:00
Qazi Shaukat Fareed, UN CEB Secretariat, UN
SESSION 6. TARGETING
Inter-agency Mechanism on Oceans
Gunnar Kullenberg, former Executive Director,
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE TO
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,
MEET WSSD GOALS
UNESCO
This Roundtable will discuss the current status of
Charlotte de Fontaubert, IUCN Consultant
funding for oceans, coasts, and small island
developing states, and the focusing of development
2) Toward a Global Marine Assessment by
assistance on WSSD goals and the further
2004
implementation of Agenda 21.
Louise de La Fayette, UNDOALOS
Alan Simcock, OSPAR
Chair: Phil Reynolds, Consultant and former Chief,
Patricio Bernal, IOC
UNDP Global Waters Programme
Christian Lefebvre, Acquario di Genova
Alfred Duda, Global Environment Facility
Marine Science and Observation
Olof Linden, World Maritime University and
Contribution to WSSD Agenda:
Senior Advisor, SIDA
Peter Burbridge, Land-Ocean Interactions in the
Cees de Haan, World Bank
Coastal Zone
Tony Knapp, Global Ocean Observing System
Lennox Hinds, CIDA, Canada
Johannes Guddal, Joint Commission on
Ingvar Andersson, UNDP
Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
Ali Mohamed, Secretariat of the Coastal and
16:00-19:00
Marine Sub-Theme, NEPAD, Kenya
GROUP DISCUSSIONS ON EACH OF THE
WSSD MAIN TARGETS: 1) CROSS-
10:00-11:30 Coffee Break
SECTORAL ASPECTS (COMBINED WITH
MARINE POLLUTION); 2) FISHERIES; 3)
11:30-13:00
SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES;
SESSION 7. PRIVATE SECTOR
4) BIODIVERSITY AND MARINE
PROTECTED AREAS, AND 5)
PERSPECTIVES ON WSSD
ENHANCED UNITED NATIONS
IMPLEMENTATION AND ON THE
COHERENCE. These groups will meet
GLOBAL OCEANS AGENDA
separately to discuss each major target.
This session will examine the role of business and
Several resource people will be named
industry in achieving the WSSD agenda and
for each group. Each group will be asked
discuss the perspectives of the private sector
to report briefly on the afternoon of
regarding cross-sectoral global discussions of
November 14.
issues related to oceans, coasts, and islands.
19:00 RECEPTION sponsored by the
Co-Chairs: Paul Holthus, Marine Aquarium
Steering Committee, Global Forum on
Council
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
11
Pietro Parravano, World Forum of Fish
Chair: Phillippe Vallette, NAUSICAA (French
Harvesters and Fish Workers
National Sealife Center), and co-founder of the
World Ocean Network
Eugenio Yunis, World Tourism Organization
Nadia Ounais, Aquarium Musée
Alastair MacFarlane, General Manager, Trade
Océanographique de Monaco, Secretary-General of
and Information, New Zealand Seafood Industry
the European Union of Museum Curators, and co-
Council Ltd. (SEAFIC)
founder of World Ocean Network, The Role of
Dierk Peters, International Marketing Manager,
Aquariums in Implementing WSSD
Sustainability Initiatives Frozen Foods Europe,
Commitments/Looking Forward to a Concerted
Rotterdam
International Awareness Raising Plan
Martin Jones, Reef Museum, Townsville, Australia,
11:30-12:00 Coffee Break
If You Never Look in the Rear View Mirror You
12:00-13:00
Do Not Know How Far You Have Come
SESSION 8. OPTIONS FOR A
Peter Neill, South Street Seaport Museum, USA
GLOBAL OCEANS FUND
This Roundtable will examine and assess different
John Bennett, Bennett and Associates, Religion,
options for a global fund for oceans based, in part,
Science, and the Environment Symposia
on an options paper prepared by the Global Forum.
Vickie Spruill, Seaweb
Chair: Art Hanson, International Institute for
Ram Boojh, Centre for Environment Education,
Sustainable Development, Canada
India
Indumathie Hewawasam, World Bank Africa
15:45-16:15 Coffee Break
Region, and Steering Committee, Global Forum on
Oceans Coasts and Islands, Options for a Global
16:15-17:30
Oceans Fund: A Possible Initiative of the Global SESSION 10. EMERGING ISSUES
Forum?
This Roundtable will focus on emerging issues,
Scott Smith, ICRAN and The Nature
especially biodiversity in the high seas and in
Conservancy
deepsea areas, and issues associated with trade and
maritime transportation.
LUNCH, 13:00-14:30
Chair: David VanderZwaag, Professor, Dalhousie
AFTERNOON SESSIONS, 14:30-
Law School, Dalhousie University, Canada
19:00
Phil Burgess, Co-Chair, UN Open-ended
Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the
14:30-15:45
Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS )
SESSION 9. GENERATING AND
Awni Behnam, Advisor to the Secretary-General,
MAINTAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT
UN Conference on Trade and Development
FOR OCEANS, COASTS, AND IS-
(UNCTAD), and President, International Ocean
LANDS
Institute
This session will examine specific ways in which
Lee Kimball, Independent Consultant
public support for oceans, coasts, and islands may
be generated and maintained, especially through the
Charlotte Breide, Senior Legal Advisor - High
involvement of aquaria and museums, and through
Seas, WWF International, Endangered Seas
the involvement of the media.
Programme
12
Louise de La Fayette, Principal Legal Officer,
PRE-CONFERENCE MEETINGS--
UNDOALOS, Protecting the Biological
NOVEMBER 10 AND 11, 2003
Resources of the Deep Seabed
Kristina Gjerde, High Seas Marine Protected
(**Participants are invited and are to be
Areas Project Coordinator, IUCN, Poland
confirmed)
17:30-19:00
The pre-conference meetings are aimed at two
main purposes: 1) to discuss important issues
SESSION 11. BRINGING IT ALL
that relate to the WSSD commitments; 2) to
TOGETHER
bring together experts on the various issues
early on in the program so that they may have
Co-Chairs:
the time to develop, as appropriate, by the end
Biliana Cicin-Sain, CMP, University of
of the conference, summaries of the status of
Delaware, Patricio Bernal, IOC, and Veerle
the issue as well as statements on specific
Vandeweerd, UNEP-GPA
steps and actions that should be taken on the
issue, and by which parties.
1. Reports from Discussion Groups and
Pre-conference Meetings
Please note that for each meeting, although
2. Perspectives on the Way Forward
speakers and resource persons are noted,
other conference participants are welcome to
Gunnar Kullenberg, former Executive Director,
join the discussion in these sessions.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission,
UNESCO, Challenges and Potential Solutions
Major questions posed in each meeting are
for Achieving Synergies at the Regional Level on
noted below.
Ocean and Coastal Governance
November 10, 2003
Jon Van Dyke, Professor, William S. Richardson
School of Law, University of Hawaii
9:00-11:00
Magnus Ngoile, Director, National Environment
TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
Management Council, Tanzania
WSSD TYPE II PARTNERSHIPS
3. Concluding Remarks and Closing by
This session will bring together representatives from
Conference Co-chairs
various Type II partnerships created at the WSSD
related to oceans, coasts, and SIDS. The purpose
19:00 FAREWELL RECEPTION
of the meeting is to discuss:
Sponsored by the International Ocean
--Developments and progress of the partnership
Institute
initiatives
--Problems encountered in advancing the initiatives
--Strategies for achieving synergy among the Type
II initiatives related to oceans, coasts, and Small
Island Developing States to achieve maximum
impact.
13
Chair: Tom Laughlin, U.S. National Oceanic and
In order to carry out these goals and vision, there is
Atmospheric Administration, White Water to Blue
a need to review, rationalize, and refocus current
Water (WW2BW) Initiative
goals, existing and planned initiatives, and
increasingly limited financial resources for capacity
Participants:
building for the governance of oceans, coasts, and
Emilio D'Alessio, City of Ancona, A21 Adriatic
islands.
Sea Forum
This meeting aims to:
Stefano Belfiore, Gerard J. Mangone Center for
1) Revisit the key recommendations on capacity
Marine Policy, University of Delaware, and U.S.
building at the 2001 global conference and in the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
JPoI to determine gaps and to prioritize capacity
Analysis of Type II Initiatives Related to SIDS
building objectives;
Florence Boisson, International Atomic Energy
2) Identify successful past and current capacity
Agency, Application of Isotope Techniques
building initiatives including cross-cutting and self-
supporting ones that can be expanded, adapted, and
Chua Thia-Eng, Partnership for the Environmental
scaled-up to support the implementation of JPoI;
Management of the Seas of East Asia, Sustainable
Development in the Seas of East Asia
3) Discuss mechanisms and strategies for the
development of additional in-country academic
Richard Delaney, University of Massachusetts,
degree programs and centers of excellence in the
Boston, International ICM Network
field;
John Low, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,
4) Discuss ways in which regional networks of
Pacific Islands Oceans Initiative
practitioners and academics in integrated ocean and
Anthony MacDonald, Coastal States
coastal management may be linked to a global
Organization, USA
network to advance the field and share lessons
about best practice; and
David Osborn, United Nations Environment
Programme Global Programme of Action, Hilltops-
5) Contribute an ICM component to the Decade of
2-Oceans Partnership
Education for Sustainable Development, UNESCO.
Gloria Visconti, Ministry of Environment, Italy,
Type II Implementation since WSSD
Chair: Noel Brown, International Ocean
Institute
11:00-13:00
CAPACITY BUILDING
Participants:
Fatima Alves, University of Aveiro, Portugal
The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPoI)
calls for the promotion of integrated coastal and
Francois Bailet, International Ocean Institute
ocean management at the national level and
Russell Chapman, Louisiana State University,
encourage and assist countries in developing
USA
ocean policies and mechanisms on integrated
coastal management and for assistance for
Chua Thia-Eng, Partnership for the
developing countries in coordinating policies and
Environmental Management of the Seas of East
programs at the regional and subregional levels
Asia
aimed at conservation and sustainable
Harry Coccossis, University of Thessaly, Greece
management of fishery resources and implement
integrated coastal area management plans,
Lynne Hale, The Nature Conservancy
including through the development of
Indumathie Hewawasam, The World Bank
infrastructure.
14
Lawrence Juda, University of Rhode Island, USA
Indiscriminate and inappropriate development of
coastal areas, especially beachfronts, continues in
Robin Mahon, University of West Indies, Barba-
many islands. Destructive practices like sand mining
dos
and natural forces such as hurricanes further
Steve Olsen, Coastal Resources Center,
destabilise beach and coastal areas.
University of Rhode Island, USA
Containing full colour photos, illustrations, data and
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, University of
informative text, the booklets aim to assist
Campeche, Mexico
governments, students, local communities and the
Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles
general public to understand and conserve beaches
Hance Smith, Cardiff University, UK
for the benefit of all island residents, visitors, and
Aprilani Soegiarto, Indonesian Institute of
generations still to come.
Sciences, Indonesia
Lead Persons:
Elaine Stratford, University of Tasmania,
Dirk Troost, CSI, UNESCO, and Gillian
Australia
Cambers, University of Puerto Rico
Are K. Sydnes, University of Tromso, Norway
Participants:
Herman Belmar, Bequia Community High
Hiroshi Terashima, Ship & Ocean Foundation,
School, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Japan
Pynee Chellapermal, Centre for
John W. Tunnell, Texas A&M University, USA
Documentation, Research and Training on the
South-West Indian Ocean, Mauritius
13:00-14:00
Film showing--Dinesh Lakhanpal, India, Film on
15:00-17:00
Biodiversity Conservation
CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT ISSUES
WORKSHOP
14:00-15:00
The Global Forum will bring together a diverse
PUBLICATION LAUNCH AND
group of high level government and NGO leaders
DISCUSSION ON WISE PRACTICES FOR
who could make a difference in coral reef
COPING WITH BEACH EROSION IN
conservation. So far, it appears that very little real
SMALL ISLANDS
action has occurred since WSSD on implementing
the commitments made in Johannesburg.
This series of ten booklets on Wise Practices for
Coping with Beach Erosion focusing on specific
Coral reefs and associated seagrass and mangrove
islands in the Eastern Caribbean (Anguilla, Antigua
ecosystems are amongst the most biologically
and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat,
productive and diverse on Earth. In addition to the
Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
economic benefits of coral reefs, these ecosystems
Grenadines, Turks and Caicos Islands) is the result
sustain the social fabric and cultural values of many
of a collaborative effort on the part of government
coastal communities around the world, particularly in
agencies, non-governmental organizations, teachers,
SIDS. Reef Check and GCRMN have documented
students and individuals. Together, they have
the continuing global decline in reef health as well as
carefully and scientifically measured the changes in
recent success stories.
island beaches over a number of years.
15
The purpose of the Workshop will be to:
Richard Kenchington, International Coral Reef
1) Examine the strong WSSD Resolution
Action Network
commitments to sustainable management of
Olof Linden, World Maritime University, Sweden
coral reefs through inter alia, the ICRI Call
Nyawira Muthiga, Kenya Wildlife Service, Coral
to Action, fisheries and regional conventions
Reef Task Force
relating to marine areas;
2) Review developments and progress in coral
Arjan Rajasuriya, National Aquatic Resources
reef management issues on national and
Research & Development Agency, Sri Lanka
regional levels since WSSD;
Bernard Salvat, Ecole Pratique des Hautes
3) Form a consensus statement on major action Etudes, University of Perpignan, France
areas for presentation during the main
program November 12 and 13.
Scott Smith, The Nature Conservancy
Kristian Teleki, International Coral Reef Action
Possible priorities for consideration would
Network
include:
Chris Tompkins, International Coral Reef Initiative
· Establishing national coral reef monitoring
(ICRI) Secretariat
programs under GCRMN/Reef Check
·
Genevieve Verbrugge, Ministry of Environment,
Providing support for existing and new
France
MPAs to achieve a 20% level of
conservation of reefs
Ole Vestergaard, IOC-UNESCO
· Providing support for restoration efforts for
Clive Wilkinson, International Marine Project
coral reef fish/shellfish stocks
·
Activities Centre, Australia
Implementing the ICRI Renewed Call for
Action
November 11, 2003
Co-Chairs:
Georg Heiss, Coordinator, Reef Check Europe
9:00-11:00
Clive Wilkinson, International Marine Project
INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT
Activities Centre, Australia
The practice of integrated coastal management
Participants:
(ICM) was given a significant boost in the 1992
Giulia Carbone, UNEP TIE, Paris
Earth Summit, and in the past decade many
Arthur Dahl, Global Islands Network, Switzerland countries have begun efforts in ICM. The 2002
World Summit reinforced the need for ICM, but
Ed Green, UNEP-WCMC
provided only some specific targets and timetables
Carl Gustaf Lundin, The World Conservation
to guide future action (for example, applying the
Union (IUCN)
ecosystem approach by 2010). Participants are
invited to discuss:
Stefan Hain, United Nations Environmental
Program
--the provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of
Lynne Hale, The Nature Conservancy
Implementation which can usefully be used to
advance and strengthen ICM
Georg Heiss, Reef Check Europe
--the primary emphasis of the WSSD on poverty
Paul Holthus, Marine Aquarium Council, USA
alleviation and how ICM can contribute to this
Martin Jones, Reef Museum, Australia
goal
16
--whether more detailed targets and timetables are
Giuliano Fierro, Professor, DIPTERIS,
needed on this issue, making reference to the
Universita di Genova, Italy
group discussion on this question at the Paris
Anamarija Frankic, Virginia Institute of Marine
2001 global conference, including: what might
Science, USA
such more detailed targets and timetables contain,
on what time frame, and where and how might
Jordi Galofre, Ministère de l'Ecologie et du
they be pursued?
Développement Durable, France
--modes of codifying and disseminating "good
Guillermo Garcia Montero, Director, Acuario
practice" in ICM
Nacional, and President, Comité Oceanografico
Nacional, Cuba
--modes and opportunities for measuring and
reporting on ICM outcomes
Niels Ipsen, UNEP Collaborating Centre on Water
and Environment, Denmark
Co-Chairs:
Camille Mageau, Department of Fisheries and
Chua Thia-Eng, PEMSEA, Indumathie
Oceans, Canada
Hewawasam, (for the World Bank Institute), and
Steve Olsen, University of Rhode Island
Yuriy Mikhaylichenko, Ministry of Industry,
Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation
Participants:
Francisco Montoya, Ministry of Environment,
Martin Adriaanse, UNEP-GPA
Spain
Milton Asmus, Federal University of Rio
Magnus Ngoile, National Environmental
Grande, Brazil
Management Council, Tanzania
Rhoda Ballinger, University of Cardiff, UK
Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, University of Campeche,
Julian Barbiere, Intergovernmental
Mexico
Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO
Stefano Belfiore, University of Delaware and
11:00-13:00
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
NATIONAL OCEAN POLICIES
Administration
Peter Burbridge, Emeritus Professor in Coastal
Following the prescriptions of the Law of the Sea
Management, School of Marine Science and
Convention and patterns of increasing ocean use, a
Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
number of nations are now developing new regimes
UK
for the management of their 200-mile ocean zones.
Prominent examples include Australia, Canada,
Nguyen Chu Hoi, Deputy Director of Institute
China, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway,
of Fisheries and Economics Planning, Ministry of
Philippines, Portugal, Thailand, United States, and
Fisheries, Vietnam
the 16 island nations in the South Pacific where they
Biliana Cicin-Sain, University of Delaware,
are developing a regional ocean policy that would
USA
coordinate and harmonize national ocean policies.
Valerie Cummins, Coastal and Marine
This session will: 1) share approaches among
Resources Centre, University College Cork,
practitioners and academics involved in national
Ireland
ocean policy development in the various countries
(very brief interventions and distribution of relevant
Charles "Bud" Ehler, National Oceanic and
materials are invited); and 2) most importantly,
Atmospheric Administration, USA
discuss the modalities of possible cooperation in
17
sharing approaches and lessons among the countries
Chua Thia-Eng, Partnerships for Environmental
and in building toward "good practice" in national
Management in the Seas of East Asia
ocean policy development.
Tiago Pitta e Cunha, Oceans Commission,
Portugal
Participants are invited to discuss:
Louise de La Fayette, UN DOALOS
--The approach followed in initiating national ocean
policy (e.g., new legislation, an oceans
Alf Hakon Hoel, University of Tromsoe
commission, etc.)
Tom Kitsos, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy
--Principles embodied in various national ocean
John Low, South Pacific Regional Environment
policies
Programme
--The institutional arrangements and mechanisms to
Alain Miossec, University of Nantes
formulate and implement national ocean policy
Mario Ruivo, Portuguese Committee for the
--Linkages between national ocean policies and
subnational mechanisms and regional frameworks
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
--Jurisdictional issues and nested governance
Hance Smith, Cardiff University
approaches
Hiroshi Terashima, Ship and Ocean Foundation
--Relationship among: watershed management,
Chris Tompkins, Department for Environment, UK
coastal management, and ocean management
David VanderZwaag, Dalhousie University
--Relationship to international ocean agreements
Jon Van Dyke, University of Hawaii
--Harmonization of sectoral issues
--Public involvement in the formulation and
13:00-15:00 Concurrent Events (3)
implementation of national ocean policies
--Impediments to national ocean policy formulation
PUBLIC INFORMATION, EDUCATION
and implementation
AND AWARENESS
--Lessons learned from the experience
The objectives of this meeting and of Session 9 of
--Suggested guidance for other nations
the Conference are to find ways to generate and
contemplating national ocean policy formulation
maintain public support for oceans, coasts and
Co-Chairs:
islands and inspire a change of behavior at individual
Biliana Cicin-Sain, University of Delaware, and
and collective levels, to discuss various activities
Dan McDougall, Department of Fisheries and
supporting the main objective in order to foster and
Oceans, Canada
to promote sustainable attitude and behavior both at
Participants:
individual and collective levels:
Hans Balfoort, National Institute for Coastal and
Marine Environment (RIKZ), Netherlands
--to raise and maintain a continuous interest of mass
media;
Mohd Nizam Basiron, Maritime Institute of
Malaysia
--to mobilize organisations reaching very large
audiences such as environmental NGOs or public
Sitdhit Boonyaratphalin, Department of
venues (aquariums,museums, etc.);
Fisheries, Thailand
--to mobilize educational organisations at all levels
Phil Burgess, UN Open-Ended Informal
(namely by integrating the ocean issues in the
Consultative Process on Oceans and Law of the
activities program of the Decade of Education for
Sea
18
Sustainable Development coordinated by
their views on environment and development issues,
UNESCO and starting from 2005); and
to work together to solve their problems and to take
part in the SIDS Programme of Action.
--to mobilize all stakeholders on Ocean Day.
The aim of this workshop is to focus on the outcome
Participants will be asked to concentrate on sharing
of consultations and other exchanges taking place
their best experiences and bringing new ideas to gain amongst the general public in islands in the Pacific,
public support and to inspire a change of behavior,
Indian Ocean and the Caribbean regions and how
both individually and collectively. The side event will
these can be channeled towards positive action.
be used as a preparation for the plenary session in
Within an overall context of forward-looking
order to come up with practical proposals during the initiatives, particular attention will be given to young
plenary session.
islanders and their concerns, community-based
Chair:
visions for development, priorities identified by civil
Phillip Vallette, NAUSICAA, National Sea
society, global internet forums, and inter- and intra-
Centre, France, and co-founder of World Ocean
regional exchanges between islands.
Network
Co-Chairs:
Participants:
Dirk Troost and Claire Green, Coastal Regions
Rhoda Ballinger, Cardiff University, UK
and Small Islands (CSI), UNESCO
Ram Boojh, Centre for Environment Education,
Participants:
India, and co-founder of World Ocean Network,
Herman Belmar, Bequia Community High
What Role can Environmental Education
School, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Centers Play + Looking Forward to the
Decade of Education for Sustainable
Pynee Chellapermal, Centre for
Development - Indian and Asian Perspectives
Documentation, Research and Training on the
South-West Indian Ocean, Mauritius
Peter Neill, South Street Seaport Museum,
USA, What Role can Maritime Museums Play
Tiare Holm, Palau Conservation Society, Palau
+ Looking Forward to New Ways/New
Gillian Cambers, University of Puerto Rico
Exhibits to Inform Audiences
Arthur Dahl, Global Islands Network, Switzerland
SMALL ISLANDS AND MAURITIUS 2004
Sherry Heileman, Consultant, Global Environment
Outlook Project, UNEP
The General Public's Perspective (Small
Islands Voice, UNESCO)
COASTAL ZONE AFRICA FORUM
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in
Johannesburg, September 2002 reaffirmed that
The objectives of this meeting are to discuss the
small island developing states (SIDS) are a special
formulation of an African Coastal Zone Forum as a
case, and called for a comprehensive review of the
vehicle to promote the implementation of ICM on a
Programme of Action for the sustainable
regional basis, and to identify capacity-building
development of SIDS. The review process is
mechanisms through a regional network of experts,
ongoing and will culminate in high-level meeting in
NGOs, academics and stakeholders, and finally to
Mauritius in August-September 2004.
exchange information and experiences on coastal
Against this background, the Small Islands Voice
planning, institutional mechanisms, science and
initiative was launched in 2002 with the explicit aim
technology applications, and training requirements. It
of encouraging people in small islands to exchange
is proposed that the African Forum would be
formalised through the organisation of a Pan-African
19
Conference in 2004. Participants will be invited to
goal of applying ecosystem management by
discuss:
2010?
-
the modalities for establishing such a forum,
--given that there are other important ocean and
including institutional arrangements;
coastal management efforts at the regional level,
-
the topics and areas of cooperation that the
for example, the Regional Seas Programme, how
Forum should address;
can synergy be achieved between the LME
-
the identification of interested partners and
efforts and other regional-level efforts?
their respective roles;
-
how to sustain effectively such a forum;
--given that many of the WSSD targets need to be
-
the finalization of a work plan that should be
implemented at the national level, how can the
implemented by 2004.
knowledge and experience gained through the
LME efforts be most usefully applied to enhance
Participants:
sustainable development of coasts and national
Julius Francis, Western Indian Ocean Marine
ocean zones in countries adjoining an LME?
Science Association, Tanzania
--considering that other WSSD targets (such as, for
Elin Torrel, Coastal Resources Center, USA
example, establishing representative networks of
Grant Trebble, AMCROPS, South Africa
marine protected areas by 2012) which might
best be addressed at a regional level, how can
Julian Barbière, IOC/UNESCO
these strategies be developed in collaboration
Ali Mohamed, COSMAR-NEPAD/Kenya
with the LME efforts?
Magnus Ngoile, Tanzania's National Environment
Co-chairs:
Management Council
Pablo Huidobro, United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO)
Indu Hewawasam, World Bank
Carl Lundin, The World Conservation Union
Iouri Oliounine, International Ocean Institute
(IUCN)
Kenneth Sherman, U.S. National Oceanic and
15:00-17:00
Atmospheric Administration
LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Participants:
Antonio Diaz de Leon Corral, UNIDO
One of the major WSSD targets is to "encourage
the application by 2010 of the Ecosystem
Charles Ehler, IUCN World Commission on
Protected Areas
approach." In the past decade, the GEF-funded
program on Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) has
Annie Hillary, International Program Office,
gained significant experience in applying the LME
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
approach in various marine regions around the
world. This session reviews advances made in
Chidi Ibe, UNIDO
ecosystem management through the LME program,
Robin Mahon, Regional Project Coordinator,
and seeks to identify possible synergies with other
IOCARIBE Caribbean LME Project
important efforts at the regional scale.
Michael O'Toole, United Nations Development
Major questions to be addressed:
Programme (UNDP)
--what are the major lessons that can be gleaned
David Osborn, UNEP-GPA
from the LME effort so far?
Jan Thulin, International Council for the
--how can the LME platform be used in the next
Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
decade to help achieve the WSSD ecosystem
Chika Ukwe, UNIDO
20
GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON OCEANS, COASTS, AND ISLANDS:
MOBILIZING FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMITMENTS MADE
AT THE 2002 WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
November 12-14, 2003, UNESCO, Paris
http://www.globaloceans.org
Registration Form
Contact Information
Circle One: Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. / Dr. / Prof.
Last Name ___________________________________________________________________________
First Name ___________________________________________________________________________
Position _____________________________________________________________________________
Institution ___________________________________________________________________________
Address _____________________________________________________________________________
City/Town ______________________________ State ______________ Zip Code ________________
Country _____________________________________________________________________________
Telephone _____________________________ Fax _________________________________________
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I am enclosing the following registration fee:
____US $250.00 (for registration sent by September 15, 2003)
____US $350.00 (for registration sent after September 15, 2003 until November 6, 2003)
____US $400.00 (for registration at the Conference)
(Make check/money order payable to the University of Delaware.)
From:
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Fax:
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Reply to:
Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands Secretariat
Center for the Study of Marine Policy, University of Delaware
Robinson 301, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA
Phone: +1 (302) 831-8086; Fax: +1 (302) 831-3668; Email: johnston@udel.edu
21
REPORTS ON EVENTS
WORKSHOP ON THE GOVERNANCE OF HIGH SEAS
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
16-19 JUNE 2003, CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA
The deep oceans contain a vast diversity of life forms,
organizations, industry and academic institutions were
many of which are still being discovered. Some scientists
represented.
estimate that over 100 million species may inhabit the
high seas.
Participants discussed and debated the main threats to
biodiversity, emerging issues and the range of existing
This marine life is little understood, and scientific
legal and institutional arrangements that have relevance
knowledge to guide management is very limited. There
to biodiversity conservation beyond national
are many examples of severe, and potentially irreversible,
jurisdiction. Overall, participants agreed that the time is
damage to the biodiversity and environment of the high
ripe for detailed consideration of this issue on the
seas under present management and jurisdictional
international agenda, noting the outcomes of the WSSD
arrangements.
in September 2002, the UN General Assembly resolution
on oceans and the law of the sea in
In order to work towards addressing
December 2002 and the recent debate
these issues, a major international
at the UN Open-ended Informal
conference on the governance of
Consultative Process on Oceans and
high seas biodiversity conservation
the Law of the Sea in early June 2003.
was held in June 2003. The objective
of the workshop was to advance
An innovative tool was launched by
practical action to improve the
Australia: a virtual demonstration
conservation and management of the
site to illustrate the interaction of
biodiversity of the high seas and deep oceans.
activity in the deep ocean with its unique geographical
The Workshop was a World Summit on Sustainable
and biological features. Once the tool is completed,
Development "type 2" partnership initiative sponsored
marine and coastal managers and decision-makers will
by the Government of Australia in cooperation with
be able to input specific information to get a 3-
partners from the Governments of Canada, the United
dimensional perspective of deep oceans ecosystems
Kingdom, Cambodia, New Zealand, and the United
and particular threats to their long-term sustainability.
States of America as well as IUCN, WWF, International
Oceans Institute, Humane Society International, the
The workshop participants considered a range of
International Maritime Organization, the International
conservation and management approaches, both during
Seabed Authority and the Food and Agriculture
the plenary presentations as well as in separate working
Organization.
groups. The workshop concluded with suggested
options for moving forward, including a call for action
in the short term as well as consideration of longer term
The workshop was attended by over 150 participants
goals to more effectively conserve high seas and deep
from 36 countries, including experts in the fields of
oceans biodiversity.
marine science and deep sea fisheries and ecology; law
of the sea; international relations; military operations;
exploration and extraction technologies; and marine
conservation. Intergovernmental organizations
(including the Secretariats for the Conventions on
Biological Diversity and Migratory Species, and
DOALOS, FAO, IMO, ISA, UNEP, SPREP, and the
Secretariat for the Pacific Community), nongovernmental
22
REPORTS ON EVENTS
Suggested Options for Conserving High Seas
·
Address the problems of flags of
Biodiversity
convenience and the primacy of flag state
jurisdiction on the high seas;
Short-term:
·
Training in the legal, science and policy
· UNGA resolution for a moratorium on
areas related to high seas biodiversity
destructive fishing practices;
conservation;
· UNGA resolution related to shipping and its
·
IOC to act as a coordination body between
impacts on biodiversity;
the scientific and oceans policy
communities;
· Coordination and cooperation mechanism on
oceans issues within the UN system;
·
Global and Regional Ocean Governance
Research Networks to support better
· Pilot high seas marine protected area site;
informed decision making;
· Extend the application of IMO guidelines for
·
Global Marine Assessment to include high
the designation of special areas and PSSAs to
seas biodiversity issues;
the high seas;
·
Identification of vulnerable marine
· Capacity building for developing countries
ecosystems, including candidate sites for
and small island developing states;
marine protected areas;
·
Global Oceans Policy; and
·
Public awareness raising of the value,
importance and activity in the deep oceans;
·
Creation and appointment of a Global Oceans
and
Ambassador.
·
Increased applied scientific and governance
research.
Conclusion
Longer-term:
The meeting has served as a focal pointwith many
participants referring to it as a "catalyst"for moving
·
Implementation agreement on high seas
the international community forward on this issue.
biodiversity under UNCLOS;
Participants called for the outcomes of this workshop to
·
Amend other Conventions relevant to high
be incorporated into upcoming related fora, including
seas biodiversity such as MARPOL, the
the World Parks Congress (to be held in September 2003
Convention on Biological Diversity and the
in South Africa), the Deep Seas conference (to be held
World Heritage Convention;
in December 2003 in New Zealand) and the Pacific
Islands Regional Ocean Forum (to be held in February
·
Expand the work of the International Seabed
2004 in Fiji).
Authority to develop regulations beyond
exploration and mining in the Area, including
The meeting reports are now available on the National
the designation of conservation zones;
Oceans Office website: www.oceans.gov.au.
·
Better coordination between international
conventions and instruments (for example,
Prepared by Krista-Singleton Cambage
CMS identified migratory corridors could be
and Phil Burgess, National Oceans Office, Australia
protected by regional fisheries management
organizations and particularly sensitive sea
areas);
·
Address historic dumping issues under the
London Convention in relation to liability;
23
REPORTS ON EVENTS
THE VTH WORLD PARKS CONGRESS
DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA, SEPTEMBER 2003
MARINE THEME
The Vth World Parks Congress charted a new course for
World Parks Congress to the Convention on Biological
practitioners of marine protected area management
Diversity; (b) Durban Accord; (c) Durban Action Plan;
(MPA) to achieve the ambitious World Summit on
and (d) 32 recommendations (two of which were marine
Sustainable Development (WSSD) goal to establish
oriented, nos. 22-23) which were only adopted by the
representative MPA networks by 2012. Responding to
Congress workshops.
its theme "Benefits Beyond Boundaries," the Congress
addressed pressing problems within protected areas by
These documents highlight serious concern over the
urging the identification of new sites for under-
notable marine gap in the global system of protected
protected ecosystems, in particular the marine
areas. Therefore the Congress, echoing the WSSD
environment, defining tools to improve management
goals, called for the establishment by 2012 of a global
effectiveness, exploring new institutional arrangements,
system of effectively managed, representative networks
and bringing new constituencies, for example fishers, on
of marine and coastal protected areas, consistent with
board. Convened in Durban, South Africa, from
international law and based on best available scientific
September 8-17, the WPC was convened to set a
information. The Workshop Recommendation 22
protected area agenda for the next decade. The Marine
further elaborated elements that should be considered
Theme participants concluded that, given the level of
in building this network:
threat worldwide to marine ecosystems, there is an
urgent need for action to protect and restore ocean
· Creating networks that are extensive and include
health and productivity. This is reinforced by the
strictly protected areas that amount to at least 20-
growing evidence of fisheries decline and the increasing
30% of each habitat, and contribute to a global
pressures on coastal resources as a result of over 50%
target for healthy and productive ocean;
of the world's population living within 100 miles of the
coast. Furthermore, the growing reach of technology
· As recommended by the Jakarta Mandate, effective
means the last natural refugia are becoming accessible.
management of MPAs requires their integration into
wider coastal and oceans governance arrangements
Of special concern, the UNEP-World Conservation
including integrated coastal management programs
Monitoring Center reports about 4,000 MPAs worldwide
and ocean policies, from local and indigenous
covering only about half of one percent of the world's
communities to regional instruments, from land to
ocean surface. Most MPAs are very small and located in
sea, from individual marine habitats to large marine
coastal areas, where the potential for increasing human
ecosystems and the high seas; and
impacts is the greatest. Many are not managed
effectively.
· Implementation of an ecosystem-based approach to
sustainable fisheries management and marine
Each of the ten Marine Theme sessions of the Congress
biodiversity conservation. New partnerships are
addressed the WSSD goal:
needed with fishers to build a truly collaborative
approach based on shared information,
How to transform individual MPAs, whether big or
understanding and trust.
small, into networks for effective biodiversity
conservation and to support sustainable use of
In noting the gap of protection of marine biodiversity
living marine resources by 2012?
and ecosystem processes through marine protected
areas beyond national jurisdiction, e.g. the high seas
Durban Congress Outcomes
and polar regions, the Durban Action Plan gave priority
to developing "a linked, coordinated and consistent
The major conclusions of the Congress are described in
system of management, including protected areas, on
different documents: (a) Message of the Vth IUCN
the high seas, involving international collaboration
24
REPORTS ON EVENTS
amongst regional fishery management organizations,
- "Marine Protected Areas in Ecosystem-based
linked to parallel and complementary initiatives in
Management of Fisheries," a discussion paper
coastal waters and EEZ seas."
prepared by Trevor Ward and Eddie Hegerl for the
Department of the Environment and Heritage,
· The Workshop Recommendation 23 urged that:
Australia;
! At least five high seas MPAs that are
- "Fishery Benefits of Marine Protected Areas,"
ecologically significant and globally
Callum Roberts, University of York;
representative should be established by 2008
utilizing available mechanisms and authorities;
- "Conservation Finance Guide," prepared by the
Sustainable Finance Stream, contains chapters on
! Immediate and urgent action should be given to
MPA networks and additional tools and cases
protecting the biodiversity and productivity of
related to MPAs;
seamounts, cold water coral and persistent
oceanographic features;
- "Ten Year Strategy to Promote The Development of a
Global Representative System of High Seas Marine
! The international community should cooperate
Protected Area Networks," Graeme Kelleher and
to develop and promote a global framework or
Kristina Gjerde for the WCPA High Seas Working
approach, building on UN Convention on the
Group;
Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological
Diversity, UN Fish Stocks Agreement,
- "Integrating Marine Protected Area Management
Convention on Migratory Species and other
with Coastal and Ocean Governance: Principles
relevant agreements to facilitate the creation of
and Practices," Biliana Cicin-Sain and Stefano
a global representative system of high seas
Belfiore, for WCPA-Marine (draft); and
marine protected area networks consistent with
international law.
- "Reefs 2: Reef Resilience," coordinated by The
Nature Conservancy with other partners (draft)
Durban Congress Marine Theme Publications:
Participants recognized significant accomplishments in
The Congress provided an opportunity to celebrate
establishing MPAs and building networks around the
recent achievements and set MPA goals and objectives
world, that the 2012 goal is already being implemented in
for the next decade. Over 300 marine and coastal
some pioneering countries around the globe.
practitioners representing an array of MPA disciplines
and constituencies attended the Congress. They were
For more information about the World Parks Congress,
provided a number of tools to help realized the 2012
please visit http://www.iucn.org/themes/wcpa/wpc2003/
goal:
- "The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas," a
Prepared by Charles Ehler, Vice Chair, WCPA-Marine,
brochure for policymakers prepared by the
and Director, International Program Office, National
Australian Department of Environment and
Ocean Service, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Heritage from material supplied by Richard
Administration, Peter Cochrane, Director of National
Kenchington, Trevor Ward, and Eddie Hegerl;
Parks, Australia, and Arthur Paterson, International
Program Office, National Ocean Service, U.S. National
- "How Is Your MPA Doing? A Guidebook of Natural
Oceanic and Atmospheric
and Social Indicators for Evaluating Marine
Protected Area Management Effectiveness,"
Robert Pomeroy, John Parks, and Lani Watson, for
WCPA-Marine, WWF, NOAA;
25
REPORTS ON EVENTS
AIMS SIDS REGIONAL MEETING
CAPE VERDE
The Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and the
throughout AIMS SIDS, as well as a discussion
South China Sea Island Countries (AIMS) Regional
regarding vulnerability and building resilience. The
Meeting for the Review of the Programme of Action for
national assessments were in various stages of
the Sustainable Development of Small Island
completion according to the degree of development of
Developing States (SIDS) (BPoA) convened at Praia,
each country and to their political structure. In October
Cape Verde, on September 1-5, 2003. The meeting was
of 2003, when all the national assessments will have
chaired by Ambassador Luis da Fonseca, permanent
been submitted, an overall analysis will be conducted
representative of Cape Verde to the United Nations,
by the Chairman of AOSIS, Ambassador Jagdish
and facilitated by Mr. Sateeaved Seebaluck of the
Koonjul, in order to identify common aspects within
government of Mauritius. The meeting brought
AIMS. At this stage, the main conclusion regarding the
together delegates from governments,
implementation of the BPoA within the AIMS SIDS was
intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental
that there is a common need to:
organizations (NGOs), and academic institutions in the
region.
- Enhance regional and bilateral cooperation
within AIMS region;
The delegates discussed the national assessment
reports, describing achievements in sustainable
- Develop institutional capacity within AIMS /
development in the AIMS region, challenges of the
SIDS, which is very low, especially regarding
implementation of the BPoA, emerging issues, and
their capacity to implement international
preparation for the forthcoming SIDS meetings in the
agreements, as well as their ability to influence
Bahamas (January 2004) and in Mauritius (August
the development of those agreements;
2004). Problems and needs within the AIMS SIDS were
addressed and the application of concrete measures to
- Build capacity and networking within the AIMS
address these problems, as well as the development of
region in order to respond to the challenges on
concrete plans and measures for sustainable
the implementation of the BPoA and achieve
development in the region, were discussed.
sustainable development;
The meeting recognized the wide variety and particular
- Explore renewable energy resources and
characteristics of the AIMS region where countries are
efficiency schemes in the effort to develop
geographically dispersed and possess different levels
independence from fossil fuels;
of economic development, which are reflected on the
degree of implementation of the of BPoA. Areas of
- Enhance stability and build resilience, with
concern and actions needed, particularly in matters of
especial emphasis on aspects concerning
enhancing regional cooperation, were addressed. These
economics, climate change and sea level rise,
discussions focused on cooperation and coordination
waste management, fresh water management.
on oceans issues, and capacity-building and
networking within the region. Additionally, work
- Achieve deeper economic diversification,
developed to assist SIDS on the implementation of the
including further development of marine
BPoA, as well as to prepare for the Mauritius meeting
resources;
in 2004, was presented by UNEP, UNESCO and the
Global Forum of Oceans, Coast, and Islands/UNEP.
- Conduct integrated planning both on coasts
and oceans, as well as on land.
Major outcomes of the meeting
The meeting mainly focused on the national
The meeting recognized that ocean and coastal issues
assessment reports, which led to a diagnosis of the
with particular emphasis on fisheries, monitoring and
main development problems and needs within and
security need the implementation of active measures
26
REPORTS ON EVENTS
and that existing financial and human resources to
implement it are insufficient. International support, as
- Reducing dependence on imported energy;
well as further regional and international cooperation, is
needed.
- Developing capacity in the management of marine
resources;
Regional cooperation amongst SIDS was recognized as
-
an important tool towards the achievement of
The use of Information Technologies;
sustainable development. In the absence of an existing
- Education;
relevant institution, it was agreed that the Indian
Oceanographic Commission (IOC) should be entrusted
- Tapping expertise from migrant overseas
to act as the interim regional mechanism for the AIMS
communities;
region to facilitate and coordinate the preparatory
process leading to the International Meeting in
- SIDS cooperation; and
Mauritius.
- Build partnerships.
Although the primary responsibility to achieve
sustainable development rests with national authorities,
Preparations for the Mauritius meeting, 2004
the BPoA stressed the need for international
The meeting agreed that the IOC, together with the
partnerships and support. Therefore, the AIMS SIDS
AOSIS Chair, will coordinate the development of a draft
called for effective implementation of that international
AIMS regional position based on national assessment
commitment, namely to support:
reports. The draft AIMS position will be an important
input to the inter-regional preparatory meeting to be
- Public awareness programs on sustainable
held in the Bahamas in January 2004, and a vital
development;
element for the final negotiation position of AOSIS. For
this purpose, AIMS recognizes the relevance of
- Integration of sustainable development principles
convening a special workshop to further develop the
in all aspects of national strategies;
regional position and to prepare a final draft. It appears
that AIMS is aiming for a focused plan of
- Integrated decision-making for sustainable
implementation, which also identifies the means of
development;
such implementation in addition to a political
declaration, for the outcomes of the Mauritius Meeting.
- Improvement of data collection systems in order to
monitor sustainable development progress;
For more information about SIDS, the AIMS meeting
- Mobilization of resources;
and its outcomes, please visit the following sites:
- Coordination mechanisms of delivery of stated
Barbados Plan of Action (http://www.un.org/
goals;
documents/ga/conf167/aconf167-9.htm)
- Coherent coordinated MEAS on sustainable
Alliance of Small Island States (http://
development.
www.sidsnet.org/aosis/)
AIMS SIDS called for international support on:
SIDSNet (http://www.sidsnet.org/)
- Forging strategic alliances to overcome size
UNESCO and SIDS (http://portal.unesco.org/en/)
constrains;
UNEP Global Environment Outlook (http://
- Capacity-building;
www.unep.org/GEO/)
- Developing competitive strategies;
Global Forum Oceans, Coasts, Islands (http://
- Promoting stability in the macroeconomic
www.globaloceans.org/)
environment;
Prepared by Isabel Torres de Noronha, Global Forum
- Diversification;
on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands
27
ARTICLES
THE REGIONAL MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES
Introduction
environment, technology, economic, social (including
political), and risk, which has to do with temporal
To say that the state of many, if not most of the
variations in both management systems and influencing
world's fisheries is desperate is now almost axiomatic.
factors. Finally, the management systems and
The resulting pressures on fisheries management are
influencing factors are combined in innumerable ways
intense in ways scarcely before seen. The history of
which give rise to persistent regional patterns of activity
fisheries management, while complex in detail, revolves
the distant water cod fisheries, for example; the major
around relatively few basic ideas, including dependence
fisheries on the world's continental shelf seas; and the
upon the importance of biological scientific research
myriad small scale coastal fisheries. It is these regional
which has driven the huge investment in fisheries
patterns which provide the key to future management.
research; the key role of basic economic principles
governing the overall development of the fishing
industries and related markets; the role of cultural
The toolbox
factors, notably in the developing world; and others.
It is the combination of the notion of technical
The purpose of the present discussion is to suggest
management and influencing factors which provide the
that over-reliance on a single approach is unwise.
practical `box of tools' used in everyday fisheries
Rather, at the present juncture in both the development
management. The starting point has often been
of world fisheries and associated fisheries management
manipulation of technology through gear regulations.
systems, a more useful way forward may be to try to
The environmental theme revolves around the
view fisheries in a regional context which takes account
application of fisheries science to conservation
of the various influencing factors in the innumerable
measures. Economic factors are primarily concerned
permutations and combinations of these which are found
with the industry itself and the allocation of resources,
in practice. While apparently less clear-cut, such an
most recently through the introduction of types of
approach may be more effective. The discussion is
transferable quota systems. Social and political aspects
organised into four main themes: management priorities;
are concerned with the roles of the `stakeholders':
the toolbox; the people; and regional frameworks.
individuals, fishing communities, companies and the
state organised in many different ways such as co-
management approaches. The idea of risk is more
Management priorities
marginal, unlike the shipping industry, where marine
insurance is a key element in its operation.
First of all, objectives may seem too numerous to handle
At this all important technical management level, a
properly. And yet these can be grouped into relatively
regional approach can avoid over-reliance on only one
few major considerations: first, arguably, are the
or a few tools in the box, such as gear regulations, or
economic ones which have to do with allocation of
quotas; but rather can take account of more
resources and overall economic viability; secondly are
sophisticated combinations of measures peculiar to
the biological ones which deal with conservation; and
particular regions, together with temporal variations
thirdly are the social ones which are concerned with
which are also often regionally specific. Of particular
employment, fishing communities, industrial
importance is the need to acquire and organise data on a
development and related matters.
practical regional basis, and an overall awareness of the
In practice when dealing with management measures, it is
true complexities involved in the use of these data.
useful to view these as existing on two levels: a technical
management level which deals with the physical
interactions between the resources and environment on
The people
the one hand, and human action on the other; and a
general management level which deals with the
Of particular interest at the general management level is
specifically human aspects. Beyond these basic
knowledge of how decisions are taken, leading in turn to
elements of what may be termed the fisheries
consideration of the organisations which take these
management system are the influencing factors:
decisions, the policy ideas upon which these decisions
28
ARTICLES
are based, and the degree of planning which
Agreement are not to be underestimated; while the
stakeholders: individuals, communities, companies and
sustained investment in fisheries science remains
the state employ in the application of these policy ideas.
worthwhile, even if it could be used more effectively at
times.
Crucially, a regional approach would mean a move away
from overarching state influence or even control, to
Nonetheless fisheries management requires fundamental
more evenly balanced sets of partnerships among public,
reappraisal. Unlike, for example, safety of navigation
private and voluntary sector organisations which
which benefits from a global approach, fisheries
nonetheless takes proper account of the regional
management depends on global ideas applied locally, in
patterns of fisheries resource exploitation and the natural
a regionally specific way. It requires original
environments upon which these depend. In such a world
approaches to the integration of tools and people, and it
over-reliance on either ecosystems, or spatial planning
requires a keen awareness of the history and cultural
approaches based on industrial development would
significance of the world's fisheries.
often be inappropriate, or even impossible; rather, again,
combinations of factors different for each region
How long will it take to develop truly effective fisheries
would be the rule. Perhaps most important of all initially
management systems? And how long have we got? To
is that the fishermen themselves have to be brought into
answer the second question first, the time scales
the centre of responsibility for decision-making.
available vary regionally it is vitally necessary to aim
for the next twenty to thirty years at most, before some
ecosystems are damaged any further, and perhaps
Regional frameworks
permanently changed where this has not already
happened. Sustaining truly effective systems are likely
The regional fisheries management systems of the
to take longer, but surely not beyond the middle of the
future, therefore, would provide for integration of
present century?
technical and general management elements with
influencing factors, which would be regionally specific
and capable of constant re-adjustment in time, as
Prepared by Dr. Hance Smith, Department of Earth
required by particular regional circumstances.
Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
Such a management approach must start with proper
recognition of the realities of the present fisheries
regional patterns, notably the distinction between the
major developed world concentrations of fishing
industries in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, East Asia
and North America; and the relationships between
indigenous fisheries and external fisheries in much of the
developing world, including taking account the rights of
`first nations' in developed countries. Beyond that are
the open oceans, beyond state jurisdiction. An initial
challenge is to begin the process of arriving at an
optimal system of management regions at a variety of
geographical scales. The starting point for this is the
people and fishing industries, rather than ecological
regions.
Conclusion
It tends to be forgotten that fisheries management has
achieved a great deal. In some cases fisheries have been
managed sustainably; the role and potential of
international agreements such as the Code of Conduct
for Responsible Fisheries, and the Straddling Stocks
29
AR
A TICLES
R
AUSTRALIA'S OCEANS POLICY A PROGRESS REPORT
Australia's Oceans Policy has made significant progress
The National Oceans Office now has staff in Hobart (the
since its release in 1998, the Year of the Ocean. There
current headquarters), Canberra, Darwin and Cairns. The
has been progress on regional marine planning, the
focus was on the south east region for the first 18
national work program to build the knowledge base of
months, but the work of the office is now moving to the
the EEZ, the establishment of a secretariat of the
Northern waters of the eastern Arafura Sea and Torres
National Oceans Office in Canberra and some positive
Strait.
steps by the National Oceans Office towards building
international linkages through commitments to WSSD
In these northern waters Australia shares sea
initiatives.
boundaries with Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the
new nation of Timor-Leste. An early step in building
The South East Regional Marine Plan has been released
the knowledge base for regional marine planning in the
in draft form (see August Newsletter). It outlines sets of
Arafura and Timor Seas has been the formation of a
actions to promote sustainable development and
non-binding group called the Arafura and Timor Seas
conservation across the 2 million km2 region.
Expert Forum. The Forum aims to support the
sustainable use of the marine resources in these two
There is potential for overlap of areas of use or interest
seas, which together fit the description of a `semi-
to industry (offshore petroleum, fisheries and shipping)
enclosed' sea in UNCLOS.
and areas set aside for conservation. Non-government
interests in this potential resource use conflict cover the
Australian support for this group was announced at the
full range of perspectives: resource allocation, property
Johannesburg Summit. The Australian part of the
rights, compensation for denial of access, adoption of
secretariat is provided by the National Oceans Office
ecosystem-based management, adaptive management
and a marine consortium comprising the Australian
and precautionary approaches are all being canvassed.
Institute of Marine Science, the Australian National
University and the Cooperative Research Centre for the
Some of these terms, such as ecosystem-based
Great Barrier Reef (`CRC Reef'). There has been UNDP
management, are ill-defined and the process of
support for the offices of the forum in Jakarta and
consultation and reaching common perspectives among
possibly soon in Dili. Links to Papua New Guinea will
different sectoral interests is a very important part of the
be sought in the coming 12 months.
regional marine planning process.
More details on the progress of Australia's Oceans
The final version of the Plan is not due for release for
Policy are available at the website of the National
some months.
Oceans Office (www.oceans.gov.au).
At the same time as the Australian government released
Prepared by Russell Reichelt, Chairman, Australia's
its first regional marine plan, it also released a set of
National Oceans Advisory Group and CEO, CRC Reef
guidelines for its own departments, setting out how to
Research Centre, Townsville, Australia.
achieve a `whole of government' approach in
coordination across different sectors. This cross-
sectoral view is a key element of Australia's Oceans
Policy and is aimed at ensuring major issues do not fall
through the policy cracks between government
departments.
A positive benefit of the regional marine planning
process has been the development of the National Work
Program to fill our gaps in knowledge of the oceans
surrounding Australia. Already spectacular swathe
mapping products have been generated by expeditions
to poorly known, deep ocean parts of the EEZ.
30
ANNOUNCEMENT
SUMMER INSTITUTE IN COASTAL
·
Professionals in natural resources, fisheries,
M
tourism and environmental agencies
ANAGEMENT
·
National, regional, district, and municipal-level
planners
Class Dates June 3 to July 1, 2004
·
University lecturers and researchers
The University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources
·
Staff from nongovernmental environmental and
Center's Summer Institute in Coastal Management is an
community development organizations
intensive four-week program for coastal resources
·
Project managers in bilateral and multilateral
management professionals. The program provides
development organizations and regional
participants with practical skills to design, implement,
development banks
and learn from integrated coastal management (ICM)
programs and experiences from around the world. The
Participants typically have a wide variety of educational
program also provides training in non-ICM-specific
backgrounds in the natural and social sciences.
professional skills that have proven essential to the
Previous participants range in age from their early
coastal manager--skills such as communication,
twenties to early sixties. Most have advanced degrees
facilitation, and conflict resolution.
in addition to substantial professional experience.
Program Content
Summer Institute Faculty
The Summer Institute emphasizes issues of concern to
Program instructors are drawn from the group of coastal
coastal planners and managers, including:
management practitioners at the University of Rhode
·
Implications of ecological, social and economic
Island, Coastal Resources Center (CRC). CRC
trends
associates from field programs in the United States,
·
Coastal development activities such as mariculture,
Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Western Pacific also
tourism, shorefront construction, and their impacts
act as program trainers. In addition, faculty from other
and coastal problems such as loss of habitats,
URI departments, including marine affairs,
coastal hazards, erosion, degradation of water
oceanography, geology, resource economics, ocean
quality, use conflicts, overfishing, and sea level
engineering, political science, sociology, and
change
philosophy participate in specialized sessions. The
·
Incorporating gender equity into ICM
program also includes guest speakers from other
·
Linking local-level program initiatives with national-
universities, national organizations, state coastal
level policy development
management agencies, local town governments, and the
Participants learn how to design strategic coastal
private sector.
management programs utilizing:
·
Situation analysis to identify key issues
Application Procedure
·
National-level, sub-national, community and
For further information, contact Kim Kaine, Coastal
ecosystem/watershed-based planning
Resources Center, University of Rhode Island; E-mail:
·
An array of regulatory and non-regulatory
kkaine@gso.uri.edu or apply on-line at http://
implementation techniques such as marine protected
www.crc.uri.edu.
areas, permitting, zoning, economic incentives, and
public education
Professional skills-building sessions may include
practice in:
·
Raising funds, writing proposals, and budgeting
·
Communicating clearly and persuasively
·
Understanding group dynamics and facilitating
groups
Participants
This program is for professionals interested in integrated
coastal management, including:
31
ABOUT US
The Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Newsletter (http://www.globaloceans.org) covers:
· Major global news related to oceans, coasts, and islands;
· Major developments in international negotiations and implementation of international agreements
related to oceans, coasts, and islands;
· Major news from Global Forum partners-- international organizations, governments, non-
governmental organizations, and private sector;
· Progress in the implementation of the commitments made at the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) and the voluntary partnerships (Type II) created at the WSSD;
· Regional and national-level news related to oceans, coasts, and islands of global significance; and
· Events, conferences, and major meetings related to oceans, coasts, and islands.
Contributions are invited in the following categories:
· Feature articles: Interpretative articles about developments related to oceans, coasts, and islands:
· News reports from international organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations,
private sector:
· Reports about WSSD implementation and progress in WSSD partnership initiatives:
· Summaries of reports and meetings; and
· Opinion section: Critical analyses of important issues related to oceans, coasts, and islands.
The newsletter will be published on a bimonthly basis. This schedule may, at times, be altered to focus, in
a timely manner, on an important international development. The newsletters will be archived as part of
the Oceans, Coasts, and Islands website accessible at www.globaloceans.org.
Potential contributors are kindly requested to follow the schedule noted below. Submissions will be
evaluated by an editorial committee. Please note that some submissions may not be accepted due to
appropriateness, timeliness, and space considerations.
Contributions to the Newsletter should be sent to Dr. Miriam Balgos, Center for the Study of Marine
Policy, mbalgos@udel.edu, two weeks before the following publication date:
Issue 5: December 15, 2003
The Global Forum Newsletter is prepared at the Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy (CMP) at
the University of Delaware. A multi-national team of researchers under the editorship of Dr. Biliana
Cicin-Sain manages the Newsletter, including Dr. Miriam Balgos (Philippines), lead editor, Catherine
Johnston (U.S.), Isabel Torres de Noronha (Portugal), Bernice McLean (South Africa), Kevin Goldstein
(U.S.), Meredith Blaydes (U.S.), Stefano Belfiore (Italy), and Jorge Gutierrez (Mexico). Funding and
other forms of support are provided by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission/UNESCO,
UNEP/GPA Coordination Office, International Program Office/National Ocean Service, NOAA, the
World Bank, and the Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy/University of Delaware.
We kindly request your involvement in making this newsletter a useful contribution in the global dialogue
on oceans, coasts, and islands.
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