8934 GB Monograph Series 2 v1 1/10/02 4:22 pm Page 1
Baltic Regional W
Global Ballast Water
Management Programme
orkshop
on Ballast W
G L O B A L L A S T M O N O G R A P H S E R I E S N O . 2
ater Management
Baltic Regional Workshop
on Ballast Water Management
W
orkshop Report
TALLINN, ESTONIA, 22-24 OCT 2001
Workshop Report
Ed. Steve Raaymakers
GLOBALLAST MONOGRAPH SERIES
More Information?
Programme Coordination Unit
Global Ballast Water Management Programme
International Maritime Organization
4 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7SR United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7587 3247 or 3251
Fax: +44 (0)20 7587 3261
Web: http://globallast.imo.org
NO.2
A cooperative initiative of the Global Environment Facility,
United Nations Development Programme and International Maritime Organization.

GloBallast Monograph Series No. 2

Baltic Regional Workshop
on Ballast Water Management

Tallinn, Estonia 22 - 24 Oct 2001

Workshop Report

Ministry of the Environment
Republic of Estonia

IMO Technical Cooperation Project PR504

___________________________________________________________________________

International Maritime Organization
ISSN 1680-3078

Published in October 2002 by:
Programme Coordination Unit
Global Ballast Water Management Programme
International Maritime Organization
4 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7SR, UK
Tel +44 (0)20 7587 3251
Fax +44 (0)20 7587 3261
Web http://globallast.imo.org

The correct citation of this report is:
Raaymakers, S. (Ed.) 2002. Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management, Tallinn, Estonia, 22-24 Oct 2001:
Workshop Report. GloBallast Monograph Series No. 2. IMO London.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

The Global Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBallast) is a cooperative initiative of the Global Environment Facility (GEF),
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) to assist developing countries to reduce
the transfer of harmful organisms in ships' ballast water.

The GloBallast Monograph Series is published to disseminate information about and results from the programme, as part of the
programme's global information clearing-house functions.

The opinions expressed in this document are not necessarily those of GEF, UNDP or IMO.

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Acknowledgements
The Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management was hosted by the Estonian Ministry of
Environment and opened by Mr. Heiki Kranich, Minister for the Environment of the Republic of
Estonia. Special thanks must go to Ms Liina Eek-Piirsoo of the Ministry for coordinating all in-
country arrangements. Thanks must also go to Professor Toomas Saat and Dr Henn Ojaveer of the
Estonian Marine Institute, Mr Andrus Maide, Mr Heino Jaakula and Mr Tarmo Ots of the Estonian
Maritime Administration and Mr Rilo Rassmann of the Port of Tallinn, for the vital support provided
by themselves and their respective organizations.
The workshop could not have been a success without the active and enthusiastic participation of all
delegates from the Baltic region countries and regional organisations.
The workshop was funded by the IMO Technical Cooperation Fund (Project PR504) and the
GEF/UNDP/IMO Global Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBallast). The workshop was
initiated, organized and convened by Steve Raaymakers, Technical Adviser with the GloBallast
Programme Coordination Unit at IMO, with internal support from Mr Wojciech Szulczynski of the
IMO Technical Cooperation Division and Christine Gregory of the GloBallast Programme
Coordination Unit. This report was prepared by Steve Raaymakers.
Delegates Photograph

i

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Workshop Resolution
Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management
RESOLUTION
Adopted on 24 October 2001
The Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management, held in Tallinn, Estonia from 22 to 24
October 2001 and attended by representatives from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Sweden and the Russian Federation as well as by representatives from the US Government,
the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM), the European Commission, the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) Baltic Sea Regional Project, the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) and the shipping and ports industries;
WELCOMING the ongoing activities of the GEF/UNDP/IMO Global Ballast Water Management
Programme (GloBallast) and in particular its regional component;
RECALLING that the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED),
in its Agenda 21, requested countries to consider the adoption of appropriate measures to prevent the
spread of non-indigenous organisms, and further to the appeal, in its Declaration on Environment and
Development, that States apply the precautionary approach according to their capabilities;
RECALLING ALSO that Article 196 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS) provides, inter alia, that "States shall take all necessary measures to prevent, reduce and
control . . . the intentional or accidental introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the
marine environment, which may cause significant and harmful changes thereto";
RECALLING FURTHER the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and that
the transfer and introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens through ships' ballast water
threatens the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, as well as decision IV/5 of the
Conference of the Parties to the CBD concerning the conservation and sustainable use of marine and
coastal ecosystems;
RECALLING FURTHER resolution A.868 (20) of the Assembly of the IMO by which it was
recognized that the uncontrolled discharge of ballast water and sediments from ships has led to the
transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, causing injury to public health and damage to
property and the environment;
NOTING the determination of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Protection of the
Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, 1992 (the Contracting Parties) to take all necessary
actions, individually or collectively, in order to minimize and keep under control the pollution of the
Baltic Sea environment, including pollution from ships;
NOTING ALSO that the Contracting Parties have agreed joint and binding decisions on the
implementation of measures to preserve and protect the Baltic Sea marine environment from sea-
based pollution sources as well as to conserve natural habitats and biodiversity, with the overall goal
to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources;
RECOGNISING the recent and ongoing significant increase in shipping activity in the Baltic Sea and
the associated risks of new invasions of harmful species, including potentially the North American
comb jelly Mnemiopsis, which has caused significant economic damage to Black Sea fisheries;
RECOGNISING ALSO the necessity of close cooperation between the countries of the Region and
with adjacent regions;
ii

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
.1
RECOMMENDS that, within the framework of HELCOM, the Contracting Parties agree as a
matter of priority;
.1.1
to develop a Regional Strategy and Action Plan for Ballast Water Control and
Management in the Baltic Sea Region;
.1.2.
to implement IMO Resolution A.868(20) within waters under their jurisdiction, and
to support the rapid adoption and entry into force of the new international legal
instrument for the control and management of ships' ballast water and sediments,
being developed by the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of IMO;
.2
RECOMMENDS ALSO that HELCOM and the Contracting Parties develop cooperative
activities with adjacent regions that may be species donors to the Baltic Sea Region,
specifically the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the North Sea, through the Istanbul
Commission/Black Sea Environment Programme, Caspian Environment Programme and
OSPAR Convention Secretariats respectively;
.3
RECOMMENDS FURTHER that HELCOM, the Contracting Parties, the GEF Baltic Sea
Regional Project, the European Commission, GloBallast, UNDP, IMO and others consider
funding and/or otherwise supporting the implementation of technical cooperation projects
developed and agreed by the Workshop, as outlined in the Workshop Report;
.4
RECOMMENDS FURTHER that GEF, UNDP and IMO secure continuation of the
GloBallast Programme within the timeframe needed to ensure a seamless introduction of the
forthcoming international legal instrument for the control and management of ships' ballast
water and sediments in the Baltic Sea Region.
Tallinn,
Estonia
24 October 2001.
_______________________________________________
iii

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Contents
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... i
Delegates Photograph..................................................................................................... i
Workshop Resolution............................................................................ii
1. Introduction & Background..............................................................1
2. Workshop Objectives .......................................................................2
3. Workshop Participants .....................................................................2
4. Workshop Proceedings ....................................................................2
5. Workshop Outputs & Outcomes......................................................3
General ............................................................................................................................ 3
Summary of Country Status Reports............................................................................ 4
Summary of Project Proposals ..................................................................................... 4
Opportunities for Regional Cooperation ...................................................................... 5
Prospects for Funding ................................................................................................... 6
Increased Awareness ..................................................................................................... 7
6. Conclusions.......................................................................................7
7. Further Information...........................................................................7

Appendices
I Participants
List
II Workshop Programme
III Country Status Reports
IV Country Project Proposals
V Media Release
iv

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
1 Introduction & Background
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), with funding provided by the Global Environment
Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), has initiated the Global
Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBallast).
The programme is aimed at reducing the transfer of harmful marine species in ships' ballast water, by
assisting developing countries to implement existing IMO voluntary guidelines on ballast water
management (IMO Assembly Resolution A.868(20)), and to prepare for the new international
convention on ballast water management currently being developed by IMO member countries.
The programme aims to achieve this by providing technical assistance, capacity building and
institutional strengthening to remove barriers to effective ballast water management arrangements in
developing countries, through six initial demonstration sites. These six sites are Sepetiba (Brazil);
Dalian (China); Mumbai (India); Kharg Island (Iran); Saldanha (South Africa) and Odessa (Ukraine).
The initial demonstration sites are intended to be representative of the six main developing regions of
the world; South America, East Asia, South Asia, Arab Countries/Persian Gulf, Africa and Eastern
Europe respectively. As the programme proceeds it is intended to replicate these initial demonstration
sites throughout each region.
The GloBallast demonstration site for Eastern Europe is located in Odessa, on the Black Sea. This site
is geographically remote from the Eastern European countries whose coastlines abut the Baltic Sea
(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Baltic Russia).
In May 2001 the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP), a coalition of various organizations
working to reduce impacts from all forms of invasive species (both aquatic and terrestrial), convened
a regional Baltic/Nordic invasive species workshop in Copenhagen. The workshop was supported by
the Governments of Denmark and the United States. It sought to form partnerships between all Baltic
and Nordic countries with a view to developing a regional strategy to address invasive species. This
was the first of seven similar workshops being convened by GISP in various regions around the
world.
A presentation on the GloBallast programme was given at the Copenhagen GISP workshop and
considerable interest was expressed by several of the Baltic countries. In particular, they were
interested in how they might benefit more from being part of the Eastern European region covered by
the GloBallast demonstration site in Odessa.
Some delegates from Baltic countries stressed that significant capacity exists in their countries to
address invasive marine species and ballast water management, however there is a lack of political
awareness and governmental action on the problem. They felt that some practical projects that
demonstrate concerted action would be the best way to raise political awareness and galvanise
domestic investment in a management response.
It was proposed that a regional workshop focusing specifically on ballast water management would be
a useful starting point to identify and plan some potential practical projects for possible funding.
GloBallast responded to this need by organizing the Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water
Management, in Tallinn, Estonia, from 22 to 24 October 2001. The workshop was organized and held
with significant support and assistance from the Government of the Republic of Estonia, in particular
the Estonian Ministry of Environment and the Estonian Maritime Administration.
1

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
2 Workshop
Objectives
The workshop objectives were as follows:
� To integrate the Baltic Sea Region into the Eastern European Region of the GloBallast
programme.
� To undertake initial awareness raising about invasive marine species, the ballast water
problem, IMO ballast water activities and the GloBallast programme amongst key
stakeholders in the Baltic Sea Region.
� To establish the current status of invasive marine species and ballast water management
arrangements in the Baltic Sea countries.
� To identify and plan some practical projects for potential funding in the Baltic Sea Region,
that will catalyse concerted action to improve the management of ballast water and invasive
marine species in the region, and enhance sub-regional and regional cooperation.
3 Workshop
Participants
The workshop was attended by:
� five delegates from each of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia, being one senior
representative from each country's maritime administration, environment administration, port
authority, marine science community and shipping industry,

� five additional delegates from the host country (Estonia),
� one delegate from each of the following:
! maritime administrations of Finland, Germany and Sweden,
! Helsinki Commission (HELCOM),
! European Commission,
! GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project,
! US State Department (US Embassy in Tallinn), and
� the GEF/UNDP/IMO GloBallast Technical Adviser (workshop convener).
A complete participants list is provided in Appendix I.
4 Workshop
Proceedings
The workshop proceeded according to a three-day programme (Appendix II). The first day
commenced with background presentations by the GloBallast Technical Adviser, covering the nature
of the ballast water problem and marine bio-invasions and the IMO response to the problem,
including the IMO Guidelines, the new Ballast Water Convention and the GloBallast Programme.
2

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
The Estonian Minister for the Environment, Mr Heiki Kranich, gave an opening address, affirming
Estonia's commitment to implementing IMO ballast water management requirements and to regional
cooperation on the issue.
The remainder of the first day was used for the presentation of Country Status Reports from Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia. The Country Status Reports are contained in Appendix III. The
Finnish and Swedish delegates also gave brief, oral reports.
During the morning of the second day, a field trip was undertaken to Muuga Port, the main
commercial/industrial port within the Port of Tallinn. Port officials provided a presentation on their
strategic development plans. Ongoing port development will see significant increases in trade and
therefore significant increases in ballast water discharges and the risk of marine bio-invasions. Of note
was a commitment from the Port Board of Directors to provide funds for ballast water management
activities.
The afternoon of the second day was used to break into three sectoral groups (representing the
shipping and ports, government and marine science sectors), to identify needs and priorities and to
discuss recommendations for regional cooperation in ballast water management.
The morning of the third day was used for the presentation of Project Proposals from Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland and Russia. The Project Proposals are contained in Appendix IV.
The afternoon of the third day was used for presentations from the GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project,
the European Commission and HELCOM, which outlined the scope for regional cooperation and
prospects for funding of project proposals.
The workshop was concluded by a discussion session to agree priorities for action and the Workshop
Resolution was unanimously adopted.
5 Workshop Outputs & Outcomes
General
The Outputs and Outcomes of the Workshop include:
� A Workshop Resolution calling for a Regional Strategy and Action Plan for Ballast Water
Control and Management to be developed as a matter of priority within the framework of
HELCOM, and calling on HELCOM member States to implement the IMO Ballast Water
Guidelines (A.869(20)) within their jurisdictions, and to support rapid adoption and entry into
force of the new international legal instrument for the control and management of ships'
ballast water and sediments, being developed by the Marine Environment Protection
Committee (MEPC) of IMO.
� A Country Status Report (Appendix III) from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia
outlining:
! Coastal and marine environments.
! Status of marine bio-invasions.
! Existing institutional arrangements for ballast water management.
! Shipping and port data, including ballast water discharges and uptake.
� Project Proposals (Appendix IV)) from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Russia for
consideration for potential funding by various donors.
� Identification of opportunities for sub-regional and regional cooperation.
3

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
� Foundations for a Regional Strategy and Action Plan fro Ballast Water Control and
Management.
� Identification of prospects for funding.
� Increased awareness of the problem of ballast water and marine bio-invasions, both amongst
workshop delegates and the broader community.
Summary of Country Status Reports
The Country Status Reports (Appendix III) showed that all Baltic Region countries have suffered
from marine-bio-invasions, all are undergoing expansions of their port facilities and are seeing
significant increases in shipping activity, and to date none, including Finland, Germany and Sweden,
have acted to implement the IMO Ballast Water Guidelines.
Most delegations stated that the exercise of developing a Country Status Report had played an
important role in bringing various government and industry sectors together for the first time to
discuss ballast water and marine bio-invasion issues, and had highlighted the lack of action to date
and the need for action. The workshop and the in-country preparations for the workshop thereby
played an important role in raising awareness and catalysing concerted action in each Baltic country.
Summary of Project Proposals
The following Project Proposals were presented at the workshop:
Estonia:
(1) Ballast Water Risk Assessment for Port Areas.
(2) Field Sampling of Selected Introduced Marine Species in Port Areas.
Latvia:
(1) Elaboration of Regulations for Ballast Water Control and Management.
(2) Ballast Water Sampling System for Eastern Baltic Countries.
Lithuania:
(1) Strengthening Institutional Arrangements to Implement IMO Guidelines.
Poland:
(1) Feasibility Study for Implementation of IMO Guidelines.
(2) Ballast Water Risk Assessment for Southern Baltic Area.
Russia:
(1) Research & Development of Ballast Water Treatment Techniques.
(2) Regional Ballast Water Information System.
The Project Proposals are included in Appendix IV as presented by the countries at the workshop. The
GloBallast PCU is of the view that all proposals have merit and provide an excellent basis for the
development of a broader regional strategy and action plan that incorporates elements of all of these
proposals. They all require detailed technical review and improvement before consideration for
potential funding by donors. Areas that need to be addressed for all project proposals include:
� The budgets seem somewhat high and need substantial justification and detailed breakdown.
� The budgets should explicitly incorporate and reflect resourcing and support-in-kind provided
from national sources.
� The time frame for some projects could be reduced.
� Where possible, standard, international methodologies should be adopted, as used by the
GloBallast Programme in other regions, especially in relation to risk assessment, port
biological surveys, ballast water sampling and model legislation/regulations.
4

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Ideally, all projects should be combined as elements of a single, integrated Regional Strategy and
Action Plan, as outlined in sections 5.4 below. The regional approach could include implementation
of certain projects in individual ports/countries initially, on a pilot/demonstration basis. This would be
followed by replication in other ports/countries in the Baltic, as per the approach used by GloBallast
in other regions.
Opportunities for Regional Cooperation
During workshop discussions, all countries unanimously agreed that the problem of ballast water and
marine bio-invasions must be addressed in the Baltic Sea on a regional basis involving cooperation
between all countries in the region. The reasons given for this position were:
� The Baltic is an enclosed sea and the marine and coastal environments of all Baltic Sea
countries are inextricably linked.
� Shipping is an international industry and ships routinely cross jurisdictional lines to conduct
trade.
� Action by an individual country would therefore be of limited effectiveness.
� There is a strong history of effective regional cooperation in the Baltic on maritime and
marine resource management matters.
It was unanimously agreed that regional cooperation on ballast water control and management should
be developed and coordinated through existing regional structures and mechanisms, and should link
wherever possible with existing marine resource management and environmental protection activities.
HELCOM and the GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project were identified as the most suitable entities.
It was agreed that a Regional Strategy and Action Plan for Ballast Water Control and Management
should be developed as a matter of priority within the framework of HELCOM.
It was agreed that based on the Project Proposals, sector group discussions and the approach taken by
GloBallast in other regions, the Regional Strategy and Action Plan should include the following
elements:
� Institutional and funding arrangements for its administration and implementation.
� Communication and awareness-raising activities.
� Port, national and regional ballast water risk assessments.
� Port, national and regional surveys and monitoring for introduced marine species, linked to
national and regional databases and an early warning system.
� Port, national and regional ballast water sampling.
� A regional ballast water information system.
� Development and implementation of legislation and regulations, consistent with the IMO
Guideline sand the emerging Convention.
� Port, national and regional compliance monitoring and enforcement systems and procedures.
� Research and development of alternative ballast water treatment technologies.
A presentation by the HELCOM Secretariat stated that the HELCOM Sea-based Pollution Group
(HELCOM SEA) was responsible for shipping matters and along with the Nature Conservation and
Coastal Zone Management Group (HELCOM HABITAT) would be the appropriate vehicle for
addressing ballast water control and management and marine bio-invasions.
5

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
It was advised that it would be necessary for HELCOM member States to raise the issue within
HELCOM meetings through the normal procedures in order to have it incorporated as a priority in the
HELCOM workplan. Workshop delegates agreed that they would raise this with relevant officials in
their countries. The GloBallast Programme agreed to support this effort by sending the Workshop
Report with an appropriate covering letter to the HELCOM Secretariat and to the IMO Focal Points in
all Baltic Sea countries.
It was suggested by some delegates that it would be most useful for the GloBallast Programme to give
a presentation to relevant HELCOM meetings. The GloBallast Technical Adviser stated that this
could be arranged if an appropriate invitation was received through the proper channels.
It was agreed that all regional activities on ballast water control and management should be consistent
and coordinated with the international IMO regime, and should seek to implement the IMO Ballast
Water Guidelines (A.869(20)) and to support rapid adoption and entry into force of the new
international legal instrument being developed by IMO.
It was suggested by some delegates that in addition to regional cooperation it was necessary to also
cooperate with adjacent regions, in particular the Black, Caspian and North Seas, which are
immediate species-donor regions for the Baltic Sea. The GloBallast Programme agreed to support this
effort by sending the Workshop Report with an appropriate covering letter to the relevant regional
secretariats (Istanbul Commission/Black Sea Environment Programme, Caspian Environment
Programme and OSPAR).
The Nordic Council of Ministers will be holding the Nordic Ballast Water Summit in Oslo on 28 and
29 January 2002. The Resolution from the Tallinn Workshop, and the call for a Regional Strategy and
Action Plan for Ballast Water Control and Management, should be considered at that summit.
Prospects for Funding
It was agreed that funding is necessary in order to further develop the outcomes and outputs of the
workshop, to initiate some of the Project Proposals and to commence development and
implementation of the Regional Strategy and Action Plan.
As it was agreed that such regional activities should be undertaken within existing regional
frameworks, HELCOM and the GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project were identified as potential sources
of funding. Countries were advised that this would require a re-alignment of priorities, which would
require representations from countries through the official channels. Countries were urged to do this.
The representative from the European Commission Directorate General for Research gave a
presentation on funding opportunities for Newly Associated States (NAS), which includes Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. She stated that several million Euro could be available for regional
activities. GloBallast agreed to work with workshop participants to develop and submit a significant
funding proposal to the European Commission.
During informal discussions, the representative from the US Embassy in Tallinn stated that the US
may be interested to fund ballast water activities in the Eastern Baltic States and these countries, led
by Estonia, are liasing directly with the US State Department to develop a project proposal. The
GloBallast PCU is involved to ensure coordination with broader regional and global activities.
A paper from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) was circulated at
the workshop, outlining the SIDA DemoEast programme. Under this programme, SEK9 million is
allocated for projects in the eastern Baltic States, Poland and Baltic Russia in which 50% of the costs
of equipment and a training programme can be covered, if the main part of the equipment is
manufactured in Sweden.
The GloBallast Programme itself, in particular its future regional focus, plus the IMO Technical
Cooperation Fund, were also identified as potential sources of additional funding. The GloBallast
6

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
PCU undertook to follow-up on these sources, considering that GloBallast and IMO had funded the
workshop in order to initiate the process, and the need for alternative sources to be secured.
Finally, the Governments of Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden were identified as
potential sources of support. The Nordic Council of Ministers Ballast Water Summit in Oslo in
January 2002 should be used as a further opportunity to seek this support.
Increased Awareness
As a result of the workshop Media Release (Appendix V) TV interviews ) were conducted with senior
Estonian marine scientist Dr Henn Ojaveer and the GloBallast Technical Adviser. These were aired
during the main news at 6pm and 9pm on Estonian State Television. Radio interviews were aired on
Estonian State and commercial radio, and articles appeared in the Tallinn newspaper and Loydds List.
Many workshop delegates expressed that there own awareness of the issues had been greatly
increased as a direct result of the workshop, and many requested additional supplies of the GloBallast
awareness materials to be sent to them for use in their countries.
6 Conclusions

It can clearly be concluded that the Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management was a
success in achieving all of its stated objectives.
The foundation is now laid for the development of a Regional Strategy and Action Plan for Ballast
Water Control and Management, consistent with the IMO Guidelines and the emerging Convention.
Concerted action by all of the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea is now required in order to turn the
workshop outputs and outcome and in particular the Workshop Resolution, into reality.
7 Further
Information
Steve Raaymakers
Technical Adviser
Programme Coordination Unit
Global Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBallast)
International Maritime Organization
Tel +44 (0)20 7587 3251
Fax +44 (0)20 7587 3261
Email: sraaymak@imo.org
Web: http://globallast.imo.org

7

Appendix 1
Participants List

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Estonia
Mrs. Liina Eek-Piirsoo
Tel : +372 626 2877
Senior Officer
Fax : +372 626 2901
Ministry of the Environment
E-mail : leek@ekm.envir.ee
Tallinn, Estonia

(primary contact person, Estonia).
Mr. Andrus Maide
Tel: +372 620 5500
Estonian Maritime Administration
Fax: +372 620 5506
Tallinn, Estonia
E-mail: eva@vta.ee
Mr. Tarmo Ots
Tel : +372 620 5529
Deputy Head, Foreign Relations and Information
Fax : +372 620 5506
Department
E-mail: tarmo.ots@vta.ee
Estonian Maritime Administration

Tallinn, Estonia
Mr. Eduard Hunt
Tel: +372 631 8329
Harbour Master
Fax: +372 631 8178
Port of Tallinn, Estonia
E-mail: e.hunt@ts.ee
Mr. Henn Ojaveer
Tel: +372 628 1584
Senior Research Scientist
Fax: +372 628 1563
Estonian Marine Institute
E-mail: henn@sea.ee
Tallinn, Estonia

Mr. Jaanus Matso
Tel: +372 640 9516
Head of the ISM Department
Fax: +372 640 9748
Estonian Shipping Company
E-mail: matso@eml.ee
Tallinn, Estonia

Mr Tarvo Roose
Tel: +372 696 2238
Deputy Director General
Fax: +372 696 2237
Environmental Inspectorate
E-mail: Tarvo.Roose@kki.ee
Tallin, Estonia

Mr. Jonne Kotta
Tel: +372 611 2949
Senior Research Scientist
Fax: +372 628 1563
Estonian Marine Institute
E-mail: jonne@klab.envir.ee
Tallin, Estonia

Mr Mihkel Uriko
Tel: +372 631 8362
Head of the Operational Department
Fax: +372 631 8036
Port of Tallinn
E-mail: m.uriko@ts.ee
Tallin, Estonia

Mrs. Natalja Vzelevskaia
Tel: +372 648 4379
Deputy Director
Fax: +372 648 4026
Sanitary Quarantine Service
E-mail: eskt@eol.ee
Health Protection Inspection

Tallinn, Estonia
Mr Heino Jaakula
Tel: +372 620 5525
Head of Foreign Relations and Information
Fax: +372 620 5506
Department,
E-mail: eva@vta.ee
Estonian Maritime Administration

Tallin, Estonia
1

Appendix I: List of Participants
Latvia
Captain Aigars Krastins
Tel: +371 402 8198
Director of Maritime Department
Fax: +371 433 1406
Ministry of Transport
E-mail: krastins@sam.gov.lv
Riga, Latvia

(primary contact person, Latvia)
Gertrude Anina
Tel: +371 706 2109
Inspector of Marine Environment
Fax: +371 786 0082
Maritime Administration of Latvia
E-mail: Gertrude@lja.bkc.lv
Riga, Latvia
Guntis Drunka
Tel: +371 746 9664
Director of Marine Environment Board
Fax: +371 746 588
Ministry of Environment Protection and Regional E-mail: juras-parvalde@vdc.lv
Development

Riga, Latvia
Sandra Lizuma
Tel: +371 703 0821
Senior Specialist Technical and Development Fax: +371 703 0835
Department
E-mail: Sandra@mail.rop.lv
Freeport of Riga Authority

Riga, Latvia
Anda Ikauniece
Tel: +371 760 2301
Head of Hydrobiological Laboratory
Fax: +371 760 1995
Institute of Aquatic Ecology
E-mail: anda@monit.lu.lv
University of Latvia

Riga, Latvia
Capt. valds Grmatnieks
Tel: +371 702 0473
Marine Superintendent
Fax: +371 782 0028
Ship Management Ltd. LSC Group
E-mail: evalds.gramatnieks@shipnet.riga.lv
Riga, Latvia

Lithuania
Robertinas Tarasevicius
Tel: +370 6 499767
Deputy Director
Fax: +370 6 499770
State Shipping Administration
E-mail: laivyba@port.lt
Klaipeda, Lithuania

(Primary contact person, Lithuania)
Tadas Navickas
Tel: +370 2 619 963
Chief Specialist for Marine Environment Protection
Fax: +370 2 220 847
Ministry of Environment
E-mail: t.navickas@aplinkuma.lt
Klaipeda, Lithuania

Juozas Karalavicius
Tel: +370 6 499 658
Chief Environmental Officer
Fax: +370 6 499 777
Klaipeda State Seaport Authority
E-mail: j.karalavicius@port.lt
Klaipeda, Lithuania

Dr. Sergej Olenin
Tel: +370 6 398 847
Senior Scientist, Docent
Fax: +370 6 398 999
Coastal Research and Planning Institute
E-mail: s.olenin@corpi.ku.lt
Klaipeda University , Klaipeda, Lithuania

2

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Poland
Eugeniusz Kondracki
Tel: +48 22 628 4397/630 1578
Chief Expert on Sea Environment Protection
Fax: +48 22 628 8515/629 7083
Department of Maritime and Inland Waters E-mail: ekondracki@mtigm.gov.pl or
Administration
hcichecka@mtigm.gov.pl
Ministry of Transport and Maritime Economy

Warzaw, Poland
(primary contact person, Poland)
Lech Auriga
Tel: +48 91 440 3533
Head Inspector
Fax: +48 91 433 2700
Marine Environment Protection Inspectorate
E-mail: lauriga@ums.gov.pl
Maritime Office in Szczecin

Szczecin, Poland

Katarzyna Hlebowicz
Tel: +48 58 527 4516
Specialist on Environment Protection
Fax: +48 58 621 5219
Sea Port Gdynia Authority S.A.
E-mail: k.hlebowicz@port.gdynia.pl
Gdynia, Poland

Genowefa Szydlowska-Herbut
Tel: +48 58 511 6228
Head of Ship Materials, Corrosion and Environment Fax: +48 58 511 6397
Protection Division
E-mail: ro@cto.gda.pl
Ship Design and Research Centre in Gdansk

Gdansk, Poland
Jan Paczesniak
Tel: +48 58 346 1700 Ext. 514
Head of Polish Centre for IMO Affairs
Fax: +48 58 346 0392
Polish Register of Sea Shipping
E-mail: imo@kormoran.prs.gda.pl
Or mailbox@prs.gda.pl
Dr Krzysztof Skora
Tel: +48 58 6750 836
Hel Marine Station
Fax: +48 58 6750 420
University of Gdansk
E-mail: skora@univ.gda.pl
Hel, Poland
Russian Federation
Ms. Natalia Kutaeva
Tel: + 7095 959 4693
Head, Maritime Environment Protection Division
Fax: +7095 959 4694
State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage and Rescue E-mail: mpp-mpcsa@mtu-net.ru
Administration,

The RF Ministry of Transport
Moscow, Russia
(primary contact person, Russia)
Ms. Elena Emelkina
Tel: +7812 375 3863
Head, Department of Ecological State Control of
Fax: +7812 311 0617
the Baltic Sea
E-mail:
Maritime Inspection of the Baltic Sea
The RF Ministry of Natural Resources
St Petersburg, Russia
Mr. Viktor Solovjev
Tel: +7812 118 8947
Leading Engineer
Fax: +7812 327 4021
Sea Port Authority of St. Petersburg
E-mail:
St Petersburg, Russia
3

Appendix I: List of Participants
Dr. Vadim Panov
Tel: +7812 323 3140
Senior ResearchScientist
Fax: +7812 328 2971
Zoological Institute
E-mail: gaas@zin.ru
Russian Academy of Sciences

St Petersburg, Russia
Mr. Vasily Engalychev
Tel: +7812 312 8572
Senior Specialist
Fax: +7812 314 1087
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
E-mail: 010@RS-head.spb.ru
St.Petersburg, Russia
Finland
Ms. Mirja Ikonen
Tel : +358 (0)204 48 4242
Maritime Advisor/Inspector
Fax : +358 (0)204 48 4500
Maritime Safety Department
E-mail : mirja.ikonen@fma.fi
Finnish Maritime Administration

Helsinki, Finland
Germany
Hans Thilo
Tel: +49 228 300 4642
Deputy Head of Section
Fax: +49 228 300 1454
Division of Shipping, Aviation and Aerospace
E-mail: Hans.Thilo@BMVBW.Bund.de
Office of Marine Environment Protection, Port
State Control and Sea Pilotage
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and
Housing
Bonn, Germany
Sweden
Johan Gr�berg
Tel: +46 11 191407
Administrative Officer
Fax: +46 11 239934
Maritime Safety Inspectorate/Marine Environment E-mail: johan.graberg@sjofartsverket.se
Division

Swedish Maritime Administration
Sweden
USA
Taimi Alas
Tel: + 372 66 88 127
Political/ Economic Assistant
Fax: + 372 66 88117
US Embassy
E-mail: talas@online.ee
Tallinn, Estonia
4

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
European Commission
Ms Piia Tuomisto
Tel: +32 2 29 92138
Scientific Officer
Fax +32 2 29 58220
Marine Ecosystems, Infrastructure
E-mail: piia.tuomisto@cec.eu.int
Research Directorate-General
European Commission
Brussels, Belgium
HELCOM
Anne Christine Brusendorff
Tel: +358 9 6220 2228
Professional Secretary
Fax: +358 9 6220 2239
Helsinki Commission
E-mail: anne.christine@helcom.fi
Helsinki, Finland

GEF Baltic Regional Project
Dr. Jan Thulin
Tel: +45 3315 4225
Coordinator
Fax: +45 3393 4215
ICES/GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project
E-mail: jan@ices.dk
Copenhagen, Denmark

IMO
Steve Raaymakers
Tel: +44 (0)20 7587 3251
Technical Adviser
Fax: +44 (0)20 7587 3261
Global Ballast Water Management Programme
E-mail: sraaymak@imo.org
International Maritime Organization
London, UK

5

Appendix II:
Workshop Programme

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Monday 22 October
0900: Registration
Session One: Introduction & Background

0930: IMO Introduction to the Workshop
Steve Raaymakers, IMO
0945: The Ballast Water Problem
" "
1020: Opening Statement
Mr. Heiki Kranich,

Minister of Environment, Estonia

1030: Tea/coffee

1100: The IMO Response to the problem
Steve Raaymakers, IMO

-
The IMO Guidelines

-
The IMO Convention

-
The GloBallast Programme

1230: Lunch
Session Two: Country Status Reports

1330: Estonian Status Report
Country Rep.
1400: Latvian Status Report
Country Rep.
1430: Lithuanian Status Report
Country Rep.

1500: Tea/Coffee

1530: Polish Status Report
Country Rep.
1600: Baltic Russia Status Report
Country Rep.
1630: Group discussion
All

1700: Close Day One

1730: Social function

Tuesday 23 October

AM: Site visit to port.
PM: Sectoral workshop discussion groups.

1

Appendix II: Workshop Programme
Wednesday 24 October
Session Three: Project Proposals

0900: Background and Requirements for Proposals
Steve Raaymakers, IMO
0930: Estonian Project Proposals
Country Rep.
1000: Latvian Project Proposals
Country Rep.

1030: Tea/coffee

1100: Lithuanian Project Proposals
Country Rep.
1130: Polish Project Proposals
Country Rep.
1200: Baltic Russia Project Proposals
Country Rep.

1230: Lunch
Session Four: Regional Programmes and Opportunities

1330: The GEF Baltic Sea Regional Project
Dr Jan Thulin, GEF/ICES
1345: Opportunities in EU Marine Research
Ms PiiaTuomisto, European Commission
1400: Aquatic Alien Species - Work within HELCOM Ms Anne Christine Brusendorff, Helsinki
Commission
Session Five: Group Discussion

1415: Group discussion on priorities for action, scope for sub-regional/regional cooperation and
prospects for funding.

1500: Tea/Coffee

1530: Continue group discussion (as above)

- Conclusions and recommendations

1700: Close
2

Appendix III:
Country Status Reports

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Estonia Country Status Report
Contact person: Henn
Ojaveer
Position:
Senior Research Scientist
Organization:
Estonian Marine Institute
Tel:
+ 372 6 281 584
Fax:
+ 372 6 281 563
Email:
henn@sea.ee
Address:
Viljandi Road 18b, 11216 Tallinn, Estonia
Estonian Coastal & Marine Environments
Climate. Climatically, Estonia belongs to the mixed-forest sub-region of the Atlantic continental
region of the temperate zone. Here cyclonic activity from the Atlantic Ocean and continental impact
of Eurasia are the main actors in climate genesis. Because of that, the west-east gradient is greater in
the main meteorological elements than the north-south one.
Local climate differences are mainly due to proximity of the Baltic Sea that warms up the coastal zone
in winter and cools it down in spring. The topography, especially heights in the SE of the country play
an important role in distribution and precipitation and duration of snow-cover. As a result, summers
are moderately warm (15-16 �C) and winters mild (-3 to -5 �C) in Estonia.
Since precipitation exceeds evaporation approximately twofold, the climate is excessively damp. The
mean annual precipitation is ca 550-650 mm, ranging from 500 mm on islands and 750 mm in the
uplands (Tarand 1998).
Predominant winds. In winter, the monthly mean wind speed reches 7-8.5 m/s on islands and the
western coast whereas it remains between 4-5 m/s in the inland areas. As spring approaches, the
frequency of higher wind speed decreases and weaker winds, 3-6 m/s for coastal areas and 2-4 m/s in
inland are typical. In summer the monthly mean wind speed is the lowest. On the west-Estonian
Archipelago the mean wind speed does not exceed 6 m/s and in the inland parts it is up to 3-3.5 m/s.
In autumn, a very rapid increase in the mean wind speed is characteristic. In coastal regions strong
and stormy winds often blow 5-6 days per month (in summer 1-2 days). Monthly wind speed attains
its maximum (6-8 m/s) in the western Estonia.
An important wind characteristic is the number of calm days and duration of periods with low wind
speed. On the western coast the number of calm days is 5-10. On the southern coast of the Gulf of
Finland the number of calm days increases from west to east, from 20 to 65 days, respectively. The
number of calm days is the highest in southern Estonia � up to 90 days per year.
In winter and early spring, southerly and south-westerly winds prevail. In the eastern Estonia,
southerlies dominate whereas in western Estonia winds from the western sector are more frequent. In
spring, domination of different wind directions gradually declines; still, winds from the western sector
are more frequent. In summer, winds blowing from the northern sector are more usual. In early
autumn, westerlies are more frequent with this pattern changing gradually towards domination of
south-westerlies and southerlies (Kull 1999).
Air temperature. Long-term (1966-1998) monthly mean temperatures vary within the range of 1.9
oC in westernmost parts of the west-Estonian islands in January to 17.4 oC in NE Gulf of Riga in July.
In winter, the temperature differences within the country reach the highest value of ca. 5 oC: from �
1

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
1.9 oC on western islands to �6.8 oC in eastern Gulf of Finland. Towards the warm season, these
differences disappear: air temperature is in most coastal areas in April 3.5 oC and in July 16.5 oC.
Monthly means are negative during December-March by reaching minimum values in February (-6.7
oC at the SE coast of the Gulf of Finland). From May to September, monthly mean temperatures are
above 10 oC, in July and August above 15 oC. The highest annual mean was recorded in west-
Estonian islands (6.5 oC) and lowest in the NE Estonia (4.5 oC) (Jaagus 1999).
Sea temperature. The main feature of the temperature regime of the sea is the existence of strong
annual component, especially in the surface layers. Late spring-early summer, the seasonal
thermocline is formed ca at 10m. During summer and early autumn, the thermocline descends to
depths of 20-25 m. The temperature gradient within the thermocline is usually 1-2 �C, but
occasionally could be as high as 6 C per 1m Water temperature of the upper water layers usually
exceeds 15 �C, in deeper layers it fluctuates from 2 o 6 �C. Higher summer temperatures (18-20 oC)
occur in the eastern Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland with an absolute maximum of 24-26oC
occurring during late July - early August.
In the cold season, the average water temperature is largely dependent upon air temperatures (long-
term average for he Gulf of Riga 0.0 �C). The maximum amplitude of water temperature changes on
the surface amounted to 23 �C, the average for the upper layer was 17 �C and with the increase of the
depth the index declines to 6-7 �C.
Another important characteristic of the temperature regime is convective mixing of the water column
down to 50-60 m twice a year - in the spring and autumn (see also p. 7) (for review see Berzinsh
1995, Ojaveer 1997).
Salinity. Water salinity differs considerably in the regional scale, from almost 0 in river mouths, at
the surface and small bays to 7.7 % and over 11 in Irbe Sound in the Gulf of Riga and at the bottom
of the entrance area of the Gulf of Finland, respectively. In addition, strong horizontal and vertical
salinity gradients, with mean values of 1-2 at the surface, 4-5 at 20 m, and > 7 at depths
greater than 50 m occur in the Gulf of Finland and open Baltic Proper (e.g., HELCOM 1996,
Mikhailov 1997, Alenius et al. 1997).
Annual salinity regime has been thoroughly studied in the Gulf of Riga. Salinity is highest during cold
months. In the spring, together with the increasing freshwater influx and formation of a seasonal
thermocline, salinity of the upper water layer decreases, especially in eastern basin. In spring and
summer, salinity also starts to increase in the deeper layers, especially in the western basin, due to the
influx of saline waters through the sounds. Average annual salinity of the basin varied considerably
during the period of 1920s-1990s from 5.2 in the late 1920s to 6.4 in 1977. The main source of
salinity variations is river discharge to the Gulf of Riga and this influence is realized via salinity
variations in the Baltic Sea water (Berzinsh 1995). In contrast, clear seasonal pattern of salinity
changes is not evident in the Gulf of Finland (Alenius et al. 1997).
Tidal range. Not relevant.
Main hydrodynamic patterns. Primary halocline at depths of 60-80 m divides water into two layers
in deeper basins, Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Proper. Anoxic conditions occur frequently below the
halocline, especially during the periods of absence of large inflows of the North Sea water. Other
marine areas (Gulf of Riga and west-Estonian Archipelago sea) lack of halocline.
The seasonal development of vertical stratification is rather uniform in Estonian coastal waters.
During the warm season, the upper layers are warmed up and the seasonal thermocline is formed at
depths of 10-25m. In deeper regions, `cold winter water' is to found between the seasonal thermocline
and the permanent halocline. Nutrients accumulated in layers below the halocline are carried to upper
layers during the winter homothermium that reaches to a depths of 50-60 m.
Wind forcing is the main factor inducing variable circulation, incl large- and meso-scale circulation,
Kelvin waves and upwelling. In addition, an important role have the buoyancy forces caused by
2

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
differences in densities of different water masses and notably also geographic factor (i.e. bottom
topography). Cyclonic (anticlockwise) residual circulation dominate (Alenius et al. 1997, Ojaveer and
Elken 1997).
Main coastal and marine habitat types. Estonian coastal waters consists of four major sub-regions
which all have characteristic physical, chemical and biological features (e.g., Ojaveer and Elken
1997).
The Estonian coastline of the Gulf of Finland is relatively uniform, exposed, without major gulfs or
archipelagos and has a comparatively steep coastal slope. The main environmental factors
determining the development of coastal benthic biotopes are substrata, depth and salinity.
The Gulf of Riga is fairly isolated from the Baltic Proper and hence has a peculiar salinity and
nutrient regime. Due to the shallowness of the area the basin lacks a permanent halocline (also see
above). The nitrogen content of the Gulf is about 2-3 times higher than the values in the Baltic Proper.
The substrate is very diverse in structure and origin. The prevailing seabed type is an accumulation
bottom. The coastline of the Gulf is mainly exposed and hard bottoms prevail in the eastern part while
a system of shallow enclosed bays with soft accumulation bottoms occur in the northern part.
Substrate, salinity, depth and eutrophication level affects most the biotopes in the area.
The inner sea of the west-Estonian Archipelago has a surface area of approximately 2,000 km2 and an
average depth of 5 m. Almost whole benthic biotopes are within the photic zone, hence, biological
production in the area remarkable. The soft bottom biotopes are the most prevalent in the area.
The Baltic Proper is characterised by lower nutrient levels and higher water transparency, hence the
vegetated areas reach deeper as compared to above-mentioned three sub areas. The bottom is mainly
composed by hard substrata in the shallow sub-littoral and soft bottom in deeper sites.
Main coastal and marine biodiversity values. Organisms of three different origin inhabit Estonian
waters of the Baltic Sea: marine species, species of freshwater origin and glacial relicts. Marine
species inhabit generally more open waters and their distribution is mainly restricted by salinity
conditions, freshwater species dominate in coastal areas and glacial relicts are mostly confined in
environment characterised with cold water and enough oxygen during the year round. The last is the
most sensitive group of species (e.g., the mysid Mysis relicta, copepod Limnocalanus macrurus,
foyurhorned sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis) as the environment they inhabit is confined to
deeper areas especially Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland, but also Baltic Proper.
In several rivers discharging to the Gulf of Finland, natural salmon reproduction takes place. Also, the
local salmon stocks are subjected to artificial enhancement exercises where population origin is taken
into account.
Several protected areas (e.g., Vilsandi national park, Matsalu nature reserve area) situate in the west-
Estonian Archipelago area. In the northern Gulf of Riga, two MPA-s have been created. In addition,
these areas, especially the Gulf of Riga, are important reproduction areas for seals.
Main fisheries resources (including aquaculture). The main commercial species are clupeids � the
Baltic herring and sprat. Estonian herring catches originate from different herring populations: Gulf of
Riga, Gulf of Finland and the Northern Baltic Proper amounting to over 40 th. tonnes. In recent years,
importance of sprat fishery has increased, due to improvement of stock conditions (catches exceed 30
th. tons). Other more important marine commercial fish are flatfish and cod. Of coastal fisheries,
perch, pikeperch, vimba, and whitebream and roach are more important. Annual catches by species
being usually below 300 tons.
Of recently intensified aquaculture activities at sea (the Gulf of Finland), annual production of
rainbow trout (only for human consumption) is in the range of 100 tons. For enhancement of natural
fishery resources, young (0-group or YOY) salmon, sea trout and whitefish are released each year into
the wild.
3

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
In addition to traditional fishery resources, Estonia is exploiting unique loose-lying Furcellaria
fastigiata community in the west-Estonian Archipelago sea, where circular current system is keeping
the algae together. The annual harvest is in the range of 1000 tons.
Main coastal and marine tourism areas. At present there are eleven quest ports in Estonia for
marine tourism purposes that meet international standards. In addition to that, five quays and eighteen
piers are available for boat entries (Eidast 2001). Besides that, visitors can land at a number of other
port sites. During the period of 1993-2001, 45 port sites were available. During this period, the
number of boat entries has increased threefold from over 3000 to more than 9700 (Annex 1).
By regions, the most popular are two ports in Tallinn, with the total number of annual boat entries of
over 3500 in the last 5 years, and west-Estonian Archipelago area with altogether ca. 20 smaller or
bigger ports (Annex 2; H. Hallika, Estonian Marine Tourism Association, pers. comm.). Tallinn and
Parnu (NE Gulf of Riga) are the most important sites with sandy beaches by attracting large numbers
of tourists in summer.
Petroleum and mineral resources and their exploitation. None.
Status of Marine Bio- Invasions in Estonia
Code:
1. Species
name.
2. Native range/where it was introduced from.
3. How introduced (which pathway/vector)?
4. When first recorded in the country and by whom?
5. Current range/distribution in the country.
6. Current known impacts (ecological, economic and human health).
7. Current management and control activities in the country.

1. Acartia tonsa, Copepoda.
2. Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North and South America, Indian Ocean. Inhabits coastal areas
from tropics to temperate regions.
3. Ballast waters (Lepp�koski 1984, Jansson 1994).
4. First found in the Baltic Sea in the Gulf of Gdansk in 1925, later in the Gulf of Riga in 1926
and in the Gulf of Finland in 1934 (Smirnov 1935, Berzins 1940).
5. Status largely unknown. In general, Acartia is generally not identified to the species level in
the Baltic Sea.
6. Unknown.
7. None.

1. Balanus improvisus, Crustacea.
2. North-America east coast.
3. Probably via ballast water or attached to ships.
4. Mid
19th century (Lepp�koski, 1984).
5. Very common on the hard substrate around the whole Estonian coastal areas.
4

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
6. Grazing effect on phytoplankton, fouling organism on boats and ships.
7. None.

1. Cercopagis pengoi, Cladocera.
2. Ponto-Caspian
region.
3. Ballast
water.
4. Gulf of Finland in 1992, first recorded by Ojaveer et al. (2000).
5. Distributed in all sub-basins around the Estonian coast: Gulf of Riga, Gulf of Finland, Baltic
Proper and the west-Estonian Archipelago. Especially abundant in the sheltered NE Gulf of
Riga (Ojaveer et al. 2000).
6. Concomitant to the invasion of the predatory C. pengoi into the Gulf of Riga, abundance of
the small-sized cladoceran Bosmina coregoni maritima has significantly decreased (Figure 1),
probably as a result of direct predation. Also, this invasion has caused remarkable changes in
diet composition of several commercial (herring Clupea harengus membras, smelt Osmerus
eperlanus) and non-commercial fish species (sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and
Pungitius pungitius, bleak Alburnus alburnus, Table 1) (Ojaveer et al. 2000).
7. None.
50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

Figure 1. Long-term abundance of Bosmina coregoni maritima (ind. m-3) in the northeastern Gulf of Riga 1973-1999.
Table 1. Long-term mean contribution (%, wet weight) of Cercopagis pengoi in fish diet and Ivlev's electivity index (with
S.E. and n) for most abundant pelagic fish in their main feeding areas of the Gulf of Riga during the main feeding period
(June-September) in 1994-1998. Each sample consisted of 20 fish.

Fish %
Electivity
mean
S.E
n
mean
S.E.
n
Herring Clupea harengus membras

Adult
6.3
3.0
51
-0.10
0.17
34
0-group
0.1
0.1
20
-1.00
0
6
Smelt Osmerus eperlanus

Adult
6.3
4.4
25
-0.84
0.16
12
Juvenile
3.7
2.7
30
-0.43
0.23
13
Sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus 6.1
2.6
27
-0.47
0.19
18
Bleak Alburnus alburnus 68.5
20.4
5

5

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
1. Cordylophora caspia, Hydrozoa.
2. Ponto-Caspian
region.
3. Fouling on riverboats.
4. 19th century (Jansson, 1994).
5. Common on the hard substrate around the whole Estonian coastal areas at low saline areas.
6. Unknown.
7. None.

1. Eriocheir sinensis, Crustacea.
2. Chinese east coast.
3. Ballast
waters.
4. In 1933 by A. J�rvek�lg, 1997.
5. Rare in the whole Estonian coastal range.
6. Unknown.
7. None.

1.
Dreissena polymorpha, Bivalvia.
2. Ponto-Caspian
region.
3.
Probably via canals as attached to riverboats.
4.
Mid 19th century (Schrenk, 1948).
5.
Very common in the Gulf of Riga (biomasses may exceed 1 kg per m2), rare in the Eastern
Gulf of Finland (Figure 2, Table 2).
6.
Through the grazing of phytoplankton the bivalve has a major impact of pelagic communities.
7. None.

6

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report

Figure 2. Stars represent the locations where Dreissena polymorpha has been found in 1995-2001.

Table 2. Abundance, biomass (� standard error) and grazing values of zebra mussel populations in the Gulf of Riga in 1995-
96. For the location of transects see Figure 2.

Transect Depth Abundance (ind � m-2)
Biomass
Population grazing
(g � m-2)
in spring (l � h-1 � m-2)
1 2.5
32�0 0.41�0.05
0.008
2 1.5
42�28 6.35�6.13
0.095
2.1
63
12.78 0.192
3 5.0
21�21 4.97�4.97
0.139
4
-
-

5
-
-

6
-
-

7 2.6
10�10 4.59�4.59
0.092
6.0
32�32 12.62�12.62
0.568
8 4.5
125
31.88 0.925
5.0
163
36.80 1.030
6.0
8400
1463.18
65.843
7.0
5400
574.46 31.595
8.0
705
88.75 5.858
9.5
1125
99.84 8.986
9 3.0
1376�1008 51.15�33.79
1.023
6.0
533�347 11.04�7.81
0.497
10 6.0
85�11 1.88�0.46
0.085
11 -
-

1. Maeotias inexpectata.Hydrozoa
2. Ponto-Caspian
region.
3. Unknown.
4. West-Estonian Archipelago, in 1999, recorded by V�in�l� and Oulasvirta, 1999.
7

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
5. Unknown.
6. Unknown.
7. None.

1. Marenzelleria viridis, Polychaeta.
2. Atlantic coast of North-America.
3. Ballast water into the Baltic Sea.
4. In 1994 by J. Kotta..
5. Very common in the Gulf of Riga, the West Estonian Archipelago Sea, the Baltic Proper, the
Gulf of Finland (easternmost location where established 27�E, Figure 3).
6. New function in the benthic communities (deep sediment burrower) which is likely to change
the species composition of meiofauna but also facilitate the expansion of distribution of some
macrofaunal species. Owing to interspecific competition the abundances of native polychaete
Hediste diversicolor and the amphipod Monoporeia affinis have declined.
7. None.

Figure 3. Distribution area of Marenzelleria viridis in 2001.

1. Mya arenaria, Bivalvia.
2. North-America east coast.
3. Attached by solid ballast or ship hull.
4. 11-12th century (Petersen et al. 1992).
5. Very common on the soft substrate around the whole Estonian coastal areas at salinities
higher than 4 psu.
8

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
6. Grazing effect on phytoplankton.
7. None.

1. Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Gastropoda.
2. New
Zeland.
3. Ballast water.
4. 19th century (Lepp�koski, 1984).
5. Common on the various substrate especially in vegetated areas around the whole Estonian
coastal areas. Owing to increasing eutrophication level and the mass development of
filamentous algae its density has risen manyfold in recent years.
6. Grazing effect on microphytobenths.
7. None.

In addition, Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was introduced to Estonia in the 18th century (Mikelsaar 1984).
During the 1940s-1960s, various sturgeon stocks were released into the Gulf of Riga for the
enhancement of commercial fish stocks. Sturgeon released include sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus),
beluga (Huso huso), Siberian sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), Siberian sturgeon (A. baeri), and Russian
sturgeon (A. guldenstadti). In addition, Siberian salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and humpback salmon
(O. gorbusha) were released in the 1970s (Mikelsaar 1984, Ojaveer 1995).
9

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
Institutional Arrangements in Estonia
1. Is there a Lead Agency for ballast water management matters in your country?
No.
2. List other organizations and stakeholders with an interest in ballast water management.
Maritime Administration
Ministry of Environment
Marine Institute
Port of Tallinn.
3. Is there legislation/regulations governing ballast water management in your country?
No.
4. Are the IMO ballast water management guidelines (A.868(20)) implemented in your country?
No.
5. Are ships entering the country's ports required to complete and submit the IMO Ballast
Water Reporting Form?
No.
6. Are there any other ballast water management requirements in your country?
No.
10

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Shipping & Ports in Estonia

1. Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities. Name of Port: Port of Tallinn

Import Quantities
(tonnes)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal,
Fertilisers Cement, Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore,
ores
coke,
Road
chips
cargo
scrap-
peat
Metal
met.
2001
83
5
8
1
14
62
60
2
176
120 1159
2000
180
10
-
5
5
135
938
1
289
309 2176
1999
357
17
-
31
14
296 1992
-
265
637 1800
1998
571
5
-
89
13
241
487
-
342
765 1777
1997
726
39
-
84
15
48
504
-
359
825 1573
1996
675
-
99
125
15
35 1102
1
306
487 1246
1995
519
44 133
326
3
113
411
1
144
585 930

Import Sources. Name of Port: Port of Tallinn (data not available)

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

11

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
2. Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Port of Tallinn, common unit: t. tonnes

Export Quantities
(tonnes)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal,
Fertilisers Cement, Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore,
ores
coke,
Road
cargo
scrap
peat
Metal
met
2001 2049 8313 232
1 327
1056
27
9 501
217
449 976
2000 3533 14099 543 43 560
1735
96
9 1048
466 1171 1879
1999 2429 11718 724
- 186
1438
66 67 1066
364 1275 1536
1998 674 9855 865
- 286
682
8 849
1020
220 1210
1337
1997 237 7132 718
- 228
535
- 535
1015
189 1134
1176
1996 -
5118
503 -
401 621 13
360
1015 143 872
923
1995 -
2887
334
123
1303 752 47
1025
1012 248
1322
770

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Port of Tallinn (data not available)

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

12

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
3. Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port: Port of Tallinn

Number vessels handled since 1995
(For each year, please enter number of vessels)

Tankers
Bulk
carriers
<30,000
30,000-
80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000-
65,000-
150,000-
>200,000
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
2001 310 114 2 -
1
31 13 - -
-
(1-6)
2000
608 177 3 -
1
65 39 - -
-
1999
602 128 -
-
-
73 62 - -
-
1998
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1997
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1996
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1995
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Container
Passenger
General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001
238 2771
1456 208
(1-6)
2000
453 6548
2000 457
1999
495 6270
2081 151
1998
298 4588
2586 53
1997
211 3883
2348 45
1996
244 3770
1579 70
1995
238 3323
2526 110

4. Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year. Unknown.

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from. Unknown.

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year. Unknown.

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to. Unknown.
13

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Estonia
References
Alenius, P., Myrberg, K., and Nekrasov, A. 1997. Hydrodynamics of the Gulf of Finland. In
Proceedings of the final seminar of the Gulf of Finland year 1996. March 17-18, Helsinki, Finland.
Edited by J. Sarkkula. Suomen Ymp�ristokeskus, Helsinki, pp. 247-256.
Berzins, B. 1940. Acartia tonsa Dana in the Gulf of Riga. - Folia Zool. Hydrobiol., 10, 2, 484-487.
Berzinsh, V. 1995. Dynamics of hydrological parameters of the Gulf of Riga. Hydrology. In
Ecosystem of the Gulf of Riga between 1920 and 1990. Edited by E. Ojaveer. Estonian Academy
Publishers, Tallinn. pp. 8-31.
Eidast, A. 2001 Sea tourism yesterday and tomorrow. In Annual book of Estonian Shipping. Edited by
E. Kreem. Sekstant, Tallinn, pp. 41-46 (in Estonian with English summary)..
HELCOM, 1996. Third Periodic Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment of the Baltic
Sea, 1989-1993. Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. 64B.
Jaagus, J. 1998. New data about the climate of Estonia. In Investigations in Estonian climate. Edited
by J. Jaagus. Publicationes instituti Geographici, Universitatis Tartuensis, Tartu University Press,
Tartu, pp. 28-40 (in Estonian with English summary).
Jansson, K. 1994. Alien species in the marine environment. Introductions to the Baltic Sea and the
Swedish West Coast. � Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 1 � 68.
J�rvek�lg, A. 1997. Newcomers in invertebrate fauna of the Baltic Sea. Problems of contemporary
Ecology. Estonian Council of Ecology. Greif, Tartu, 56-59.
Kotta, J. 2000. Impact of eutrophication and biological invasions on the structure and functions of
benthic macrofauna. Dissertationes Biologicae Universitatis Tartuensis, 63, Tartu University Press, 1�
160.
Kotta, J., Kotta, I. 1998. Distribution and invasion ecology of Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill) in the
Estonian coastal waters. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol. Ecol., 47, 3, 210�217.
Kotta, J., Orav, H. 2001. Role of benthic macroalgae in regulating macrozoobenthic assemblages in
the V�inameri (north-eastern Baltic Sea). Ann. Zool. Fennici, 38, 163-171.
Kotta, J., Orav, H., Kotta, I. 1998. Distribution and filtration activity of Zebra mussel, Dreissena
polymorpha (Pallas) in the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Biol.
Ecol., 47, 1, 32�41.
Kotta, J., Orav, H., Sandberg-Kilpi, E. 2001. Ecological consequence of the introduction of the
polychaete Marenzelleria viridis into a shallow water biotope of the northern Baltic Sea. J. Sea Res.,
46.
Kull, A. 1999. Estonian wind climate. In Investigations in Estonian climate. Edited by J. Jaagus.
Publicationes instituti Geographici, Universitatis Tartuensis, Tartu University Press, Tartu, pp. 86-95
(in Estonian with English summary).
Lepp�koski, E. 1984. Introduced species in the Baltic Sea and its coastal ecosystems. � Ophelia
Suppl., 3, 123 � 135.
Mikelsaar, N. 1984. Fishes of Estonia. Valgus, Tallinn [In Estonian].
Mikhailov, A.E. 1997. Water temperature and salinity. In Ecosystem models. Assessment of the
contemporary state of the Gulf of Finland. Part 2. Hydrometeorological, hydrochemical,
hydrobiological, geological conditions and water dynamics of the Gulf of Finland. Edited by O.P.
Savchuk and I.N. Davidan. St. Petersburg Gydrometeoizdat: 225-235 [In Russian].
14

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Ojaveer, E. and Elken, J. 1997. On regional subunits in the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. In
Proceedings of the 14th Baltic Marine Biiologists Symposium. Edited by E. Ojaveer. Estonian
Academy Publishers, Tallinn, pp. 156-169.
Ojaveer, E. 1995. Large-scale processes in the ecosystem of the Gulf of Riga. In Ecosystem of the
Gulf of Riga between 1920 and 1990. Edited by E. Ojaveer. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.
pp. 268-277.
Ojaveer, H. 1997. Composition and dynamics of fish stocks in the Gulf of Riga ecosystem.
Dissertationes Biologicae Universitatis Tartuensis. Tartu University Press, Tartu, 138 pp.
Ojaveer, H., Simm, M. and Lankov, A. 2000. Consequences of invasion of a predatory cladoceran.
ICES CM2000/U:16.
Petersen, K.S., Rasmussen, K.L., Heinemeier, J., Rud, N. 1992. Clams before Columbus? Nature,
359, 679.
Schrenk, A. G. 1848. �bersicht der Land- und S�sswassermollusken Livlands. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou, XXI.
Smirnov, S. S. 1935. About appearance of Acartia tonsa Dana (Copepoda) in the Gulf of Finland. -
Dokl. ANSSSR, 3, 5, 237 - 240 (In Russian).
Tarand, A. 1998. Climate. Spatial features. In: Country case study on climate change impacts and
adaptation assessments in the republic of Estonia. Tarand, A. and Kallaste , T. (editors), pp.15-16.
Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre and United Nations Environment Programme,
Tallinn.
V�in�l�, R. and Oulasvirta, P. 1999. An invading hydromedusa, Maeotias, from the Moonsund sea
area, Estonia - Helsingin Sanomat 25.9.1999: D3 [In Finnish] [In English at
www.sci.fi/~alleco/nettimedusa2.html].

15

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia
Latvia Country Status Report
Contact person: Aigars Krastins
Position:
Director of Maritime Department
Organisation:
Ministry of Transport
Tel:
+371 7028198
Fax:
+371 7331406
Email:
krastins@sam.gov.lv
Address:
Gogola iela 3, Riga, LV-1743, Latvia
Latvian Coastal and Marine Environments
General. The Latvian marine area consists of two parts, which although connected with the Irbe Strait
are quite different by geomorphological features and hydrologic properties. At first, the part of Baltic
Proper is considerably deeper than the Gulf of Riga. Therefore the Baltic part does not cover with ice
even in very cold winters like the Gulf. Second, each basin has different types of water mixing. In the
Baltic Proper the water column is divided in to several layers by thermocline, halocline and secondary
thermocline while in the Gulf of Riga only thermocline occurs during the warm part of the year. So in
the Baltic only the upper layer is mixed when thermocline is destroyed by water cooling, but the
lower layers are not significantly influenced. In the Gulf of Riga the whole water column is mixed
thoroughly from October till April.
Third, freshwater input is also considerably different in both areas. At the coast of the Baltic proper no
big rivers fall into the sea while four biggest Latvian rivers inflow in the Gulf of Riga. Thus the
riverine water constitutes up to 7% of total volume of the Gulf. The freshwater flow determines higher
concentration of nutrients and organic matter in the Gulf and lower salinity compared to the Baltic
Proper.
The environmental observations in the Latvian part of the Baltic Sea are performed on regular basis
since the early 1920-ies. So the presented report is the compilation of the available literature and field
data. At present time the marine monitoring is fulfilled by Institute of Aquatic Ecology, the
meteorological aspects are covered by Latvian Hydrometeorological Agency and fishery surveys are
conducted by Latvian Fisheries Research Institute.
Climate. The climate in the Latvian marine areas is transitional from the marine to continental. The
border of the climate types changes during the year. Therefore in autumn the climate is less severe
due to the impact of the sea which serves as the battery of the heat but in the spring warming of the
water is slower than in the other parts of the sea.
Predominant winds. Typically, the dominant wind direction in all seasons of the year is western. In
winter and autumn north-western winds are mostly observed. Although in spring the dominant
direction is hard to estimate, the western and northern winds are recorded more often. In summer
western winds are stated as 50-60% of the total observations. The highest wind speed occurs during
the cold period of the year � from November till March.
Air temperature. The average air temperature in winter varies between � 5 and �11�C, however
softer winter occur often with temperature around 0�C for long periods. The average summer
temperature is 14-18�C.
16

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Water temperature. The water temperature in Latvian marine areas has a strong seasonal pattern.
During winter water temperature is between 0.5 and 2.5�C. In very severe winters the Gulf of Riga is
covered with ice (last time in 1996). The gradual increase of water temperature starts at the end of
March and in May it reaches approx. 10-13�C. During summer, water warms up to 17-19�C and at the
coastal zone temperature often exceeds 20�C. At the beginning of September the cooling restarts and
the stable winter values are reached at the end of December.
Salinity. Spatial and temporal distribution of salinity in the Latvian marine are greatly influenced by
the considerable freshwater input. Therefore also salinity follows certain seasonal order. In winter
salinity distribution is homogeneous and the values are 5-7 PSU in the upper layer and 6-8 PSU in the
deeper layers. During spring flood period salinity decreases below 5 PSU and in the coastal areas it
drops below 3 PSU. In summer the salinity often is lower than 5 PSU at the coastal regions but mostly
varies around 5.5 PSU in the Gulf of Riga. In the Baltic Proper salinity is always higher � 6.5 � 7
PSU.
Tidal range. No obvious tides occur in the Latvian marine areas. The change of the seawater level is
caused by the direction change of the wind and is not related to any diel fluctuations.
Main hydrodynamic patterns. The main hydrodynamic patterns are following: near the coast of the
Baltic Proper the main direction of current is the southern-northern. In the Gulf of Riga the current
turns counter-clockwise, although the general patterns are considerably corrected by the wind speed
and direction.
Main coastal and marine habitat types. The Latvian seacoast consists of sandy dunes and beaches.
Also the sea bottom till 12 � 20 m depth consists of sand and gravel. Deeper areas represent muddy
bottoms. In separate places both the coast and the sea bottom are covered by boulders and smaller
stones. The bottom vegetation is mostly concentrated there.
Main coastal and marine biodiversity values. As the Baltic Sea in general, the Latvian areas are
poor in species diversity, due to the low amount of organisms adapted for the life in brackish water
environment. The number of planktonic and benthic species are approx. 2 times higher at the coastal
regions where the freshwater species occur.
Four regions of the total area are nominated as Baltic Sea Protected Areas in the HELCOM
framework. All those regions completely or partially coincide with the internationally Important Bird
Areas, where several protected bird species overwinter.
Three species of seals have also been observed, however the Latvian part serves more as a migratory
and feeding area for the animals.
Main fisheries resources (including aquaculture). The main species of industrial fishery are the
Baltic herring and sprat (30% and 50% of the total catch, respectively). Besides also the cod, salmon,
flounder and turbot should be mentioned. The marine aquaculture in Latvia almost does not exist. But
around 80 000 young wild salmon (smolts) leave ten Latvian salmon rivers each year. Moreover,
Latvian wild salmon are not affected by the dangerous M-74 syndrome causing severe losses to wild
salmon spawning in other Baltic regions. River Salaca is considered to be the largest still existing
salmon river of the whole eastern Baltic.
Main coastal and marine tourism areas. The southern part of the Gulf of Riga is a traditional
recreation area. It carries high numbers of summer houses and numerous health resorts. The coast of
the Baltic Proper is less populated but has become more popular recently as a tourist attraction. A
special walking tourism route "Amber Path" is arranged there.
The marine tourism in Latvia is determined by cruises with private yachts and small cutters though.
Petroleum and Mineral resources These include iron-manganese concretions, sand, gravel, boulders
and some titan compounds. The economic significance of the mineral resources still is small due to
the sparse investigations or low industrial value. Also the transportation is more complicated, e.g. in
17

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia
sand and gravel excavations. Recently indications on petroleum existence have been found in Latvian
marine territory, however no exploitation has started.
Status of Marine Bio-invasions in Latvia
Only the two species introduced during last 15 years are considered due to better information
coverage.
Species One: Benthic polychaete worm Marenzelleria viridis
Native range: Natural distribution area is Atlantic coast of the Northern America.
How introduced? Shipping.
When first recorded in the country and by whom? In 1988 few first individuals of M. viridis were
recorded in the Gulf of Riga by the Institute of Biology.
Current range/distribution in the country: M. viridis concentrates mostly in 20-30 m depth on soft
bottoms of southern and eastern Gulf, as well as in Irbe Strait.
Current known impacts: Invasion of M. viridis in the Gulf of Riga co-accord with more than
threefold decrease in abundance of the former zoobenthos dominant: crustacean Monoporeia affinis.
Still the direct influence of M. viridis on its possible habitat and food competitors: local worm and
crustacean species is not yet proved.
Current management and control activities in the country: The species abundance is controlled by
the means of national marine monitoring.

Species Two: Predatory cladoceran (= water flea) Cercopagis pengoi.
Native range: Natural distribution area is in Caspian and Black Sea basins.
How introduced? Most probably - shipping.
When first recorded in the country and by whom? In 1992 few first individuals of C.pengoi were
recorded in the Gulf of Riga by the Marine Monitoring Centre.
Current range/distribution in the country: During summer � in all Latvian marine area.
Current known impacts: C. pengoi is becoming an important food object for the plankton-feeding
fish. From the ecological point, establishing of this predatory plankton organism can restructure
pelagic food web, causing far-reaching impact on the whole plankton community. Competing of C.
pengoi with plankton feeding fish is possible as well. The specimens are often found attached to each
other with its characteristic long tails and thus the clews of the organisms are clogging the fishing
nets. However, so far it causes mostly inconveniences for fishermen and no economic effect.
Current management and control activities in the country. The species abundance is controlled by
the means of national marine monitoring.
18

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Institutional Arrangements in Latvia
1. Is there a Lead Agency for ballast water management matters in your country?
Maritime Department of Ministry of Transport
Director A. Krastis
Gogola iela 3, Riga, LV-1743,
Latvia
Tel (+371)7028198
Fax (+371)7331406, 721718
and
Maritime Administration of Latvia
Executive, Director A.Zeltins
Trijadibas iela 5, Riga, LV-1048
Latvia
Tel (+371) 7062 101
Fax (+371) 7860082.
2. List other organizations and stakeholders with an interest in ballast water management.
Marine Environment Board, Ministry of Environment Protection and Regional Development
Port authorities
Latvian Shipping Company as an owner of 38 tankers (although all vessels are under foreign flags)
3. Is there legislation/regulations governing ballast water management in your country?
There is no specific legislation governing ballast water management in our country. The "Maritime
Code" of Latvia, adopted in 1994, states that MARPOL 73/78 is mandatory in territorial waters of
Latvia. Therefore discharge of ballast waters in territorial waters of Latvia is conducted in accordance
with requirements of the convention, but implementation of Resolution A.868(20) is not covered.
4. Are the IMO ballast water management guidelines (A.868(20)) implemented in your
country?
IMO Resolution A.868(20) is not implemented in Latvia. The largest shipping company in Latvia and
within the Baltic states is Latvian Shipping Company (LSC). The LSC fleet includes 33 product
carriers, 3 chemical tankers, 2 LPG carriers, 12 reefers and one ro-ro vessel with total deadweight of
1,000,000 t. All LSC ships are under foreign flags and are provided with Ballast Water Management
(BWM) plans and following other requirements of Resolution A. 868(20).

19

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia
Ports and Shipping in Latvia
( "-" = information not available)
Freeport of Ventspils

1. Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities. Name of Port: Freeport of Ventspils

Import Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � e.g. tonnes, m3, etc)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - - -
- - - - - - - -
2000
- 21.0 - - - - - - - -
- 405.0
1999
- 126 - - - - - 35 - -
- 581.0
1998
- 143.0 - - - - - - -
-
- 321.0
1997
- 31.3 - - - - - - - -
- 252.0
1996
- 297.0
28.0 - - - - 59.0 -
-
- 303.0
1995
- 344.0
27.0 - - - - - -
-
- 37.0

Import forms approximately 0.5 % of the export quantities.

Import Sources. Name of Port: Freeport of Ventspils

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
2000
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1999
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1998
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -

20

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
2. Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Freeport of Ventspils

Export Quantities
((thousand of tons)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers
Cement
Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - -
- - - -
2000
0 26371.1 0 0 399.9 5883.9
0 - 11.3 - 2090.8 -
1999
0 24327.0 0 0 26.1 6545.2
0 34.5 9.0 - 3195.2 -
1998
0 26164.2 0 0 - 5766.9
0 - 1.0 - 4115.9 -
1997
0 27046.9 0 0 - 5879.8
0 - -
- 3843.8 -
1996
0 27291.2 0 0 - 5329.2
0 - -
- 3124.2 -
1995
0 21099.1 0 0 - 5846.8
0 - -
- 2677.2 -

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Freeport of Ventspils

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement
Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
2000
-
European
- - - Ports of
- -
Ports of
-
European
-
ports
China,
Sweden
ports
Brazil,
India etc.
1999
-

- - -
- -
-

-
1998
-

- - -
- -
-

-
1997
-

- - -
- -
-

-
1996
-

- - -
- -
-

-
1995
-

- - -
- -
-

-

21

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia
3. Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port: Freeport of Ventspils

Number vessels handled since 1995
(For each year, please enter number of vessels)

Tankers
Bulk carriers

<30,000 30,000- 80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000- 65,000- 150,000-
>200,000
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
2001
205 142 119 0
0 349 89 0 0
0
2000
184 184 159 0
0 572 99 0 0
0
1999
156 167 153 0
0 638 101 0 0
0
1998
231 164 191 0
0 645 122 0 0
0
1997
232 185 186 0
0 558 113 0 0
0
1996
- - - - - - - - - -
1995
- - - - - - - - - -

Container
Passenger General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001
- 46
200
-
2000
- 189
92
-
1999
0 -
300
18
1998
0 -
300
48
1997
0 -
606
90
1996
- -
-
-
1995
- -
-
-

4. Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year:
Total volume of ballast water discharged to port reception facilities is approximately 200,000 cub.m
per year (2000 year-237 013 cub.m; 1999 � 348 348 cub.m; 1998 � 331 757 cub.m; 1997 � 333 544
cub.m; 1996 �447 742 cub.m; 1995 � 690 736 cub.m;); Volume of clean/ segregated ballast water
discharges in port waters not available.

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from:
Information not available.

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year:
Information not available.

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to:
Information not available.

22

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Freeport of Riga

1. Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities. Name of Port: Freeport of Riga

Import Quantities
(thousand of tons)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 8
0 41,0 0 0 0 0 0 19,9 1,4 358,1
209,0
454,9
months
2000
0 121,5 0 0 0 0 0 134,8
2,3 477,9 472,7
492,5
1999
0 589,4 0 0 0 0 0 185,3
2,9 436,0 862,0
678,9
1998
0 583,0 0 0 0 0 0 63,0 7,1 709,0 676,5
726,4
1997
0 753,0 0 0 0 0 0 113,0
0 853,0 648,0
920,9
1996
0 322,3 0 0 0 0 0 153,3
0 884,0 596,9
159,9
1995
0 366,0 0 0 0 0 0 79,6 4,7 794,3 591,0
135,4

Import Sources. Name of Port: Freeport of Riga

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
2000
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1999
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1998
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
Import sources are not available in the Freeport of Riga Authority.

2. Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Freeport of Riga

Export Quantities
(thousand of tons)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers
Cement
Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 8
0 2569,0 40,7 0 526,9
962,4 10,0 1,4 2895,8 271,4 492,8 1321,4
months
2000
0 2709,9 15,8 0 0 1558,9
30,3 7,5 4150,6 333,1 1895,4
948,5
1999
0 1587,5
0 0 0 1108,2 106,1 12,4 3458,9 355,6 1912,3
710,1
1998
0 1414,0
0 0 0 1145,1 160,5 72,0 3578,1 496,0 2866,9
817,7
1997
0 1364,0
0 0 11,0 813,4 145,9 97,0 2754,2 421,0 2116,8
592,7
1996
91,6 569,6 0 0 147,6
386,0 103,6
5,9 1596,3 507,8 1423,9
476,1
1995
0 120,7 5,4 0 414,5
437,7 79,2 63,5
2009,6 441,2 1548,3
362,4

23

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Freeport of Riga

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
2000
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1999
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1998
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
Export destinations are not available in the Freeport of Riga Authority.

3. Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port: Freeport of Riga

Number vessels handled since 1995
(For each year, please enter number of vessels)

Tankers
Bulk carriers

<30,000 30,000- 80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000- 65,000- 150,000-
>200,000
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
2001
432 1 - - - 66 13 - - -
2000
479 2 - - - 95 14 - - -
1999
412 0 - - - 73 11 - - -
1998
427 0 - - - 33 10 - - -
1997
477 0 - - - 5 2 - - -
1996
207 0 - - - 3 0 - - -
1995
9 0 - - - 0 0 - - -

Container
Passenger General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001
338 76
1570
293
2000
380 135
2503
498
1999
395 273
2345
477
1998
426 278
2658
641
1997
295 229
2337
735
1996
213 146
1745
647
1995
1 2
26
49

24

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
4. Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year:
Total volume of dirty ballast water discharged to port reception facilities is approximately 18,000 tons
per year. Volume of clean/segregated ballast water discharges in port waters not available.

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from:
Information not available.

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year:
Information not available.

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to:
Information not available.

Port of Liepja

1. Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities. Name of Port: Port of Liepja

Import Quantities
(thousand of tons)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 (9
0 0 0
0
0
3.7
24.4
8.8
0 9.6
310.1
37.7
months)
2000
0 2.5 0 0 0 3.6 31.5
2.6 0 20.8
347.9
56.7
1999
0 7.1 0 0 0 14 57.4
1.3 0 15.3
281.6
72.6
1998
0 0 0
0
0
17.5
40.2
4.4
0 24.6
401.1
89.1
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -

Import Sources. Name of Port: Port of Liepja

Import Sources

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
2000
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1999
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1998
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
Import sources are not available.

25

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Latvia
2. Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Port of Liepja

Export Quantities
(thousand of tons)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 (9 5.2 431.7 0 0 0 108.7 27.1 45.1 145.7 7.5
1285.5 779.3
months)
2000
5.1 387.8 0 0 0 112.3 29.3 44.1 137.7 29.3 1724.5 835
1999
0 238 0
0 0 38.6 4.7 4.8
67.12
46.6 1448.8
521.2
1998
0 79.2 0
0 0 17 7.6 23.3
52.3
34.8 1544.8
261.6
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Port of Liepja

Export Destinations

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 (9 - - -
-
- - - - - - - -
months)
2000
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1999
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1998
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1997
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
Export destinations are not available .

26

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
3. Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port: Port of Liepja

Number vessels handled since 1995
(For each year, please enter number of vessels)

Tankers
Bulk carriers

<30,000 30,000- 80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000- 65,000- 150,000-
>200,000
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
2001 (9
104
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
months)
2000
131
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1999
107
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1998
79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1997
- - - - - - - - - -
1996
- - - - - - - - - -
1995
- - - - - - - - - -

Container
Passenger General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001 (9
0 140
700
191
months)
2000
0 251
907
213
1999
0 262
864
186
1998
0 271
850
120
1997
- -
-
-
1996
- -
-
-
1995
- -
-
-

4.Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year:
Information about total volume of dirty ballast water discharged in port reception facilities not
available. Volume of clean/ segregated ballast water discharges in port waters not available.

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from:
Information not available.

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year:
Information not available.

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to:
Information not available.

27

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Lithuania
Lithuania Country Status Report
Contact person: Tadas Navickas
Position:
Chief Specialist for Marine Environment Protection
Organization:
Ministry of Environment
Tel:
370 2 61 99 63
Fax:
370 2 22 08 47
Email: t.navickas@aplinkuma.lt
Address:
Jaksto 4/9, 2000 Vilnius, Lithuania
Coastal & Marine Environments
Climate. The climate is of intermediate character (between temperate marine and temperate
continental) with rather mild winters and moderate summers.
The Lithuanian zone of the Baltic Sea is situated in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Proper. The
shoreline, from the Russian (Kaliningrad) border on the Curonian spit (Kursiu nerija) to the Latvian
border on the mainland, is 92 km long. The aquatic part comprises the Baltic Sea and the Curonian
Lagoon (Kursiu marios) waters, while the terrestrial part of the coastal zone includes the Curonian
spit (52 km within the Lithuanian part) and the mainland area.
Predominant winds. Predominant winds are of westerly directions (43% of all winds observed). The
windiest months are October, November and December (in average 5-6 days with the wind speed,
exceeding 15 m/s); the winds of 30 m/s speed occur one time per 5 years. The strongest and longest
hurricanes have affected the Lithuanian coast during the recent two decades with the extreme
windflaw reaching 50 m/s (the waves height was up to 7 m).
Air temperature. The mean annual air temperature in the area is +7�C. The coldest month is
February, with �3�C being the long-term mean (�38�C in minimum). August is the warmest month:
+18�C is the long-term mean (+33�C in maximum). From March till November the temperatures
exceed 0�C and from May to September they are usually higher than +10�C.
Sea temperature. The mean annual water temperature in the coastal area is +8.4�C (�0.3�C
minimum, the maximum is +24.9�C). The average annual temperature range is ca. 21�C; showing a
typical boreal seasonal pattern with the maximum in July - first decade of August. The summer
thermocline is formed at the depth of 20-30 m. Almost the entire coastal zone is influenced by the
warm water layer. In winter, fast ice along the shoreline is normal phenomenon; its width varies from
20-30 m to several hundred meters, with a thickness from 10-15 to 40-50 cm, depending on the
severity of the winter. No fast ice was observed during few recent years due to mild winters.
In the Curonian Lagoon, the range of temperature fluctuations is greater than in the adjacent Baltic
Sea coastal area, but generally, it shows the same boreal pattern. Difference in water temperature
between the two water bodies may reach 8 �C. There is no temperature stratification of water column.
Wind driven movements of water masses cause rapid irregular temperature fluctuations in the
Klaipeda port area (outlet of the Curonian Lagoon). Klaipeda port is free of stable ice cover all year
round (as is the adjacent Baltic Sea coastal zone), while the Lagoon is usually covered by the ice from
December untill March.
Salinity. The offshore waters show the typical for the Baltic Proper stratification pattern with the
upper layer (mean salinity 7-8 PSU) separated by the permanent halocline at 70-80 m depth from the
28

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
more saline subhalocline water layer. In the coastal area, major hydrological features are determined
by the interaction between the south-eastern Baltic offshore waters and the runoff of the mostly
freshwater Curonian Lagoon. Often the frontal zone between the sea and lagoon water is very narrow
(20-40 m), and as a result of differences in watercolour and transparency, it may be easily observed.
The mixed waters are of lowered salinity; depending on hydrometeorological situation, they may
stretch several tens of km, mostly in the northern direction.
Tidal range. No regular tides occur in the area. Occasional wind driven sea level fluctuations may
reach 221 cm.
Main hydrodynamic patterns. The permanent influence of winds, waves and water currents
produces a very active environment so that there is no oxygen deficiency and the oxygen based
gradients in the distribution of marine life in the coastal area, as occurs in the offshore deeper areas.
Being a transition zone between the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea, the Klaipeda port area is
characterised by the intensive water exchange. The water is constantly moving either towards the Sea
(80 % of cases) or to the Lagoon. The speed of currents in the Straight usually varies in a range 0.4 -
0.7 m/s, with extremes, reaching 2.0 m/s; however, in the harbour inlets, the hydrodynamic is weaker,
and sometimes stagnation conditions may occur.
Main coastal and marine habitat types. The mainland sub-marine coastal slope, extending from the
shore down to 25-30 m is characterised by the most diverse bottom types. Its uppermost part, 0 - 4(6)
m, is covered by quartz sand, movable during storms. Along the mainland, the morainic bench
(pebble-gravel deposits with large boulders) lies beneath the sand stripe, extending down to 25-30 m.
Here, the sandy and stony bottoms alternate each other on a small scale within tens - hundred meters,
making the sea bottom very patchy and creating diverse habitats for marine life. Along the Curonian
Spit the bottom sediments are much more monotonous, sand prevails throughout the whole area.
In the Curonian Lagoon, the main underwater habitat is a soft bottom of silt and fine sand. Hard
substrates suitable for attachment of large sessile animals are of biogenic origin (living congregations
and shell deposits of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, an alien invasive species).
Main coastal and marine biodiversity values. Aquatic biodiversity of the south-eastern Baltic coast
and the Curonian lagoon comprises several hundreds of marine, brackish and freshwater species:

SE Baltic coastal zone
Common species
Curonian Lagoon
Phytoplankton
422 343 438
Macrophytes 38 ~20 ~130
Macrofauna ~60 10 ~90
Fish
31 26 53
There are 3 marine and coastal protected areas, which cover both terrestrial and aquatic environment:
1) the Curonian Spit National Park; 2) the Seaside Regional Park, on the mainland coast between
Klaipeda and Palanga; 3) the Nemunas River Delta Regional park.
Main fisheries resources (including aquaculture). No aquaculture is developed in the region. Main
fishery resources are: Baltic herring, sprat and cod, following by flatfish, salmon and other
commercial fish species. The total fish catches comprise about 8-10 thousand ton per year. In the
Lithuanian part of the Curonian Lagoon the main commercial species are: roach, bream, smelt,
pikeperch and perch; total fish catches comprise 0,7-0,8 thousand ton per year.
Main coastal and marine tourism areas. The coastal zone is the main tourism area in Lithuania,
comprising large health resorts in Sventoji � Palanga area (ca. 15 along the seashore), on the Curonian
Spit around the settlements of Nida, Pervalka, Preila and Juodkrante and the recreational zone of
Klaipeda (ca. 7 km).
Petroleum and mineral resources and their exploitation. None.
29

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Lithuania

Status of Marine Bio- invasions in Lithuania

Species1 Native
Range
Vector
1st Recorded
Current
Known Impacts
Range/Distribution
Prorocentrum
North America
Shipping2 1992
Common in coastal
Potentially toxic
minimum
East Coast
(Olenina, 1992; Haidu 2000)
waters
algae blooms
Balanus improvisus
Ponto-Caspian Shipping
1840s

Common in coastal
Fouling of vessels
(Gislen 1950; Gasiunas,
waters
1959)
Cercopagis pengoi
Ponto-Caspian Shipping2 1999 Common in summer
Fouling of fishing
(Olenina, 1999; Gasiunaite,
plnakton
nets
Diziulis, 2001)
Chaetogammarus
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
ischnus
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Chaetogammarus
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
warpachowskyi
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Cordylophora
Ponto-Caspian Shipping
1800s

Common in coastal
Habitat change
caspia
(Nikolajev 1951)
waters
Corophium
Ponto-Caspian Shipping
1920-30s

Common in coastal
Not studied
curvispinum
(Nikolajev 1951)
waters
Dreissena
Ponto-Caspian Shipping
1800s

Very common in
Multiple ecological
plymorpha
(Schlesch 1937; Nikolajev
coastal waters
effects
1951)
Eriocheir sinensis
East China Seas
Shipping2
Rare, both in the
Destroys fish in
1950s, probably earlier
coastal zone and the
fishing gear
(Nikolajev 1951)
Curonian lagoon
Hemimysis anomala
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Limnomysis
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
benedeni
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Lithoglyphus
Ponto-Caspian Shipping
1903
Rare in the Curonain
Not studied
naticoides
(Schlesch 1937; Gasiunas,
lagoon
1959)
Marenzelleria cf.
North America
Shipping2
Common in the sea
Multiple ecological
1989 (Olenin, Chubarova,
viridis
East Coast
and the Curonian
effects
1994)
lagoon
Mya arenaria
North America
Stocking 13th century (Hessland 1946;
Common in the sea
Multiple ecological
East Coast
Leppakoski 1984; Petersen et
effects
al. 1992)
Obessogammarus
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Rare in the Curonian
Changes in trophic
crassus
(Gasiunas 1964)
lagoon
web
Onchorynchus
Pacific North-East
Stocking
Reproduces in several

1890
mykiss
small rivers in Finland
Leppakoski 1984
and Sweden
Paramysis lacutris
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Pontogammarus
Ponto-Caspian Stocking
1962

Common in coastal
Changes in trophic
robustoides
(Gasiunas 1964)
waters
web
Potamopyrgus
New Zealand
Shipping
Probably 19s (
Common in coastal
Not studied
antipodarum
Nikolaev 1951; Leppakoski
waters
1984
1only species with established permanent populations are mentioned;
2 result of secondary spread within the Baltic Sea.
30

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Institutional Arrangements in Lithuania
1. Is there a Lead Agency for ballast water management matters in your country?
The Lead Agency in Lithuania for ballast water management is Ministry of Environment (information
is above).
2. List other organizations and stakeholders with an interest in ballast water management.
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Transport and Communications
Klaipeda University
3. Is there legislation/regulations governing ballast water management in your country?
The Law on the Protection of Marine Environment, adopted in 1997, provides in brief that Ministry of
Environment together with Ministry of Health are responsible to define exact procedures and adopt
rules which is to minimise the transfer of harmfull aquatic organisms and pathogens.
4. Are the IMO ballast water management guidelines (A.868(20)) implemented in your country?
No
5. Are ships entering the country's ports required to complete and submit the IMO Ballast
Water Reporting Form?
No
6. Are there any other ballast water management requirements in your country?
No
31

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Lithuania
Shipping & Ports in Lithuania

1. Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities. Name of Port: Klaipda

Import Quantities
tonnes

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001/6

2 000
0
0
0
10 000
0
39 000
0
139 000
1 289 000
562 000
months
2000
0
50 000
0
0
0
17 000
0
663 000
0
181 000
2 101 000 896 000
1999
0
26 000
0
0
0
50 000
0
4 000
0
129 000
1 752 000
749 000
1998
0
25 000
0
0
0
17 000
0
39 000
0
174 000
2 186 000
352 000
1997
0
50 000
0
0
0
17 000
0
193 000
0
191 000
2 857 000
375 000
1996 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1995 0 n.a. 0 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
n.a.
n.a.

Import Sources. Name of Port: Klaipda

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001/6
- Venezuela - - - Finland, - Grmany, - Germany,
All the
All
months
Russia
Denmark,
G.Britain,
world
the
UK
Holland,
world
Belgium
2000 -
Venezuela
- - -
Finland, - Grmany, - Germany,
All the
All
Russia
Denmark,
G.Britain,
world
the
UK
Holland,
world
Belgium
1999 - n.a. - - -
Finland, Grmany, - Germany,
All the
All
Russia
Denmark,
G.Britain,
world
the
UK
Holland,
world
Belgium
1998 - n.a. - - -
Finland, Grmany, - Germany,
All the
All
Russia
Denmark,
G.Britain,
world
the
UK
Holland,
world
Belgium
1997 - n.a. - - -
Finland, Grmany, - Germany,
All the
All
Russia
Denmark,
G.Britain,
world
the
UK
Holland,
world
Belgium
1996 - n.a. -
-
- n.a. n.a. n.a. - n.a. n.a.
n.a.
1995 - n.a. -
-
- n.a. n.a. n.a. - n.a.
n.a.

32

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
2. Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Klaipda

Export Quantities
tonnes

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertlisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001/6
0
2 912 000
0
0
0
1 209 000
51 000
1 000
0
105 000
2 278 000
273 000
months
2000
0
5 147 000
0
0
0
2 885 000
234 000
0
0
213 000
6 813 000
196 000
1999
0
3 931 000
0
0
0
2 772 000
338 000
14
0
138
4 642 000
425 000
1998
0
2 275 000
0
0
0
2 299 000
303 000
19
0
104
6 876 000
394 000
1997
0
3 484 000
0
0
0
1 687 000
339 000
9
0
97
6 442 000
376 000
1996 0 n.a.
0 0 0 n.a.
n.a. n.a. 0 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1995 0 n.a.
0 0 0 n.a.
n.a. n.a. 0 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Klaipda

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertilisers Cement Grains Wood Containers General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001/6
-
Holland,
- - - UK, Belgium,
Norway,
Holland
-
Germany, UK,
All the
All the
months
Finland,
Germany,
Sweeden,
Holland,
world
world
Germany,
Poland, USA,
Belgium
Belgium
France,
France
2000
-
Holland,
- - - UK, Belgium,
Norway,
Holland
-
Germany, UK,
All the
All the
Finland,
Germany,
Sweeden,
Holland,
world
world
Germany,
Poland, USA,
Belgium
Belgium
France,
France
1999
-
Holland,
- - - UK, Belgium,
Norway,
Holland
-
Germany, UK,
All the
All the
Finland,
Germany,
Sweeden,
Holland,
world
world
Germany,
Poland, USA,
Belgium
Belgium
France,
France
1998
-
Holland,
- - - UK, Belgium,
Norway,
Holland
-
Germany, UK,
All the
All the
Finland,
Germany,
Sweeden,
Holland,
world
world
Germany,
Poland, USA,
Belgium
Belgium
France,
France
1997
-
Holland,
- - - UK, Belgium,
Norway,
Holland
-
Germany, UK,
All the
All the
Finland,
Germany,
Sweeden,
Holland,
world
world
Germany,
Poland, USA,
Belgium
Belgium
France,
France
1996
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -
1995
- - -
-
- - - - - - - -

33

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Lithuania
3. Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port: Klaipda

Number vessels handled since 1995
(For each year, please enter number of vessels)

Tankers
Bulk
carriers
<30,000
30,000-
80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000-
65,000-
150,000-
>200,000
GT
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
2001/6m.

2000 482 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1999 323 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1998 158 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1997 150 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1996 202 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1995 113 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Container
Passenger
General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001/6m.

2971
2000 n.a.
15
3194
4044
1999 n.a.
15
2557
4345
1998 n.a.
15
3213
4927
1997 n.a.
8
3556
4097
1996 n.a.
13
3505
3652
1995 n.a.
27
3597
3307

4. Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year: 2 to 4 mln ton (very approximate
calculation)

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from: Baltic Sea and North Sea, Atlantic coast
of Europe

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year: NA

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to: Baltic Sea and North Sea, Atlantic coast of
Europe.
34

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Poland Country Status Report
Contact person: Eugeniusz Kondracki
Position:
Chief Expert on Sea Environment Protection
Organization:
Department of Maritime and Inland Waters Administration, Ministry of Transport
and Maritime Economy.
Tel:
+ 48 22 628 43 97 or 630 15 78
Fax:
+ 48 22 628 85 15
Email:
ekondracki@mtigm.gov.pl or hcichecka@mtigm.gov.pl
Address: Chalubiskiego 4/6, 00-928 Warsaw, Poland.
Coastal and Marine Environments
Climate. In the Western and Southern Baltic under strong influence of the Atlantic Ocean prevails
marine and moderate, periodically warm climate. As the result of colliding masses of polar - marine
and polar � continental and sometimes tropic or arctic air, weather conditions are highly variable,
particularly in the winter.
Predominant winds. Domination of S-SW-W fraction with respective distribution 16,1-18,4 %;
13,2-26,8%; 15,1-22,7% depending on different parts of Polish coast.
Air temperature. Winter: max 15�C min �20�C. Summer: max: 36�C Min: 5�C.
Sea temperature. Surface in coastal zone: Winter: min �0.3� Summer: max 20.6� The cold winter
water below the thermocline shows temperatures from 4 - 5�. Water temperature in the near bottom
layer osicillates between 4.5 and 10� during the year.
Salinity. In the Baltic Sea a boundary layer is formed between the upper water layer which consists
of low salinity water , and the deeper more saline water. Generally, the total water exchange during
one year is usually large enough to maintain the vertical density stratification. Yearly fluctuations of
salinity along Polish coast are rather small. Lower values of salinity are noted during periods of higher
inflows of fresh water (rivers, rains, ice melting) in spring time. Mean annual water salinity along the
Polish coasts ranges from 7 to 7,7 �/.
Tidal range. Sea level variabilities are caused mainly by strong winds. Tidal phenomenon has minor
role. The mean annual sea level fell within the range 505 cm (winoujcie) to 515 Gdask. The
maximal water level in 1998 was measured at winoujcie 601 cm. The minimal water level in
winoujcie 440 cm.
Main hydrodynamic patterns. Surface currents along Polish coast are directed eastward or
westward, depending on the general anemobaric conditions. In general, currents in the coastal zone
are of much greater speed than in open sea region. The strongest currents are measured around the
Hel Peninsula.

Main coastal and marine habitat types.

Coastal:

Sandy coasts:

Major part of the Polish coast (80%)

35

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Dunes:
Major parts of the Polish coast, moving dunes in Slowinski
National Park in the central part of the Polish coast, near Leba.

Moraine coasts:
20% of the Polish coast. The highest and the best known
moraine cliffs are on Wolin Island and Cape Rozewie.

Fladas:

Vistula lagoon, some coastal lakes ,e.g.,Leba Lake.

Bodden
Szczecin

Lagoon

Large spits of

Hel Peninsula, Vistula Spit, Leba sand bar
sand and/or gravel
separating a lagoon
from the sea:

Riverine areas

Dziwna, Rega, Reda.
under backwater
influences by the sea:

Estuaries/ river mouths:
Oder lagoon, Vistula Lagoon, some coastal

lakesmouth areas.

Marine:
Along Polish coast predominates a low sandy shore. The predominance of sandy sediments, covering
nearly the entire bottom of the coastal zone, and up to depth of 70-80 m in the open waters is a
characteristic feature of bottom morphology. In this zone, both in the photic sublittoral and deeper
sublittoral areas covered with gravel and sporadically with stones or boulders can be found. Sandy
bottom biotopes dominated by macrophyte vegetation occur only in the sheltered Puck Bay. Some
small areas of macrophytes can be found also on the Slupsk Bank and the Gulf of Gdask.
Main coastal and marine biodiversity values. The most valuable parts of the Polish coast are
protected as two national parks, two landscape parks, several areas of protected landscape and several
nature reserves.
In the Slovinski National Park complexes of mobile dunes, coastal lakes and adjacent mires are
protected; The Woliski National Park protects various forests on Pleistocene upland on Wolin Island,
cliffs and a fragment of the Swina Delta. The Coastal Landscape Parks comprises of The Hel
Peninsula, cliff, dune, marshy coast and Puck Bay. The Landscape Park of the Vistula Bar protects a
part of the bar enclosing the Vistula Lagoon.
Main fisheries resources (including aquaculture): Main exploited species are herring, sprat,
flatfishes and cod. Total annual catch: approx 120,000 t.
Main coastal and marine tourism areas. The whole Polish coast is an area of tourism with sandy
beaches as a main attraction.
Petroleum and mineral resources and their exploitation Poland has minor oil resources. Oil
production in 1997 averaged only 6,400 barrels per day (b/d), while consumption of crude and
petroleum products averaged approximately 322,000 b/d, the balance of which was met by imports.
The state offshore exploration firm is Petrobaltic. Presently Poland is concentrated on exploitation Of
B-3 oil deposit situated 400 NM North of cap Rozewie. Two oil rigs of ,,Jack-up ,, type, the calm
buoy and the oil tanker is involved in the process.
36

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Status of Marine Bio-invasions in Poland
Vistula lagoon

Total number of alien species found: 21

Number of established alien species: 15

Number of alien species according to major taxonomic groups:
Crustacea: 5
Hydrozoa: 1
Mollusca: 4
Pisces: 10
Polychaeta: 1

Number of alien species according to area of origin:
Asia, Siberia (inland waters): 5
China Seas: 1
North America: 4
Pacific: 2
Ponto-Caspian: 9

Number of alien species according to eco-functional groups:
Benthic deposit feeders: 4
Benthic omnivors: 2
Benthic suspension feeders: 4
Fish bentophagous: 1
Fish planktivorous: 3
Fish predacious: 6
Zooplankton predators: 1

Number of alien species according to introduction vectors:
Ornamental: 1
Shipping: 12
Stocking: 8

Ecological impact: Under investigation.

Economical impact: Not established
37

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Vistula lagoon

Alien species
First observed
Taxon
Ecofunctional
Origin Vector
of
name
group
introduction
Acipenser baeri
1962** Pisces
Fish
predacious
Asia, Siberia
Stocking

(inland waters)

Acipenser
1962** Pisces
Fish
predacious
Ponto-Caspian
Stocking
gueldenstaedti

Acipenser ruthenus
1948** Pisces
Fish
predacious
Ponto-Caspian
Stocking

Aristichthys nobilis
0
Pisces
Fish planktivorous
Asia, Siberia
Stocking
(inland waters)

Balanus improvisus
1844 Crustacea
Benthic
suspension
North America
Shipping
feeders

Cercopagis pengoi 1992 Crustacea
Zooplankton
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
predators

Cordylophora caspia
1803** Hydrozoa
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
feeders

Coregonus peled
1965
Pisces
Fish planktivorous
Asia, Siberia
Stocking
(inland waters)

Corophium
1920** Crustacea
Benthic
deposit
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
curvispinum
feeders

Cyprinus carpio
1400** Pisces
Fish
bentophagous
Ponto-Caspian
Stocking

Dreissena
1803** Mollusca
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
polymorpha
feeders

Eriocheir sinensis 1926
Crustacea
Benthic omnivors
China Seas
Shipping
Hypophthalmichthys
0
Pisces
Fish planktivorous
Asia, Siberia
Stocking
molitrix
(inland waters)

Lithoglyphus
1903** Mollusca
Benthic
deposit
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
naticoides
feeders

Marenzelleria cf.
1985** Polychaeta
Benthic
deposit
North America
Shipping
viridis
feeders

Mya arenaria
1245** Mollusca
Benthic
suspension
North America
Shipping
feeders

Neogobius
1990** Pisces
Fish
predacious
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
melanostomus

Oncorhynchus
1890 Pisces
Fish
predacious
Pacific
Stocking
mykiss

Percottus glehni 1916** Pisces
Fish
predacious
Asia, Siberia
Ornamental

(inland waters)

Potamopyrgus
1887 Mollusca
Benthic
deposit
Pacific
Shipping
antipodarum
feeders

Rhithropanopeus
1948 Crustacea
Benthic
omnivors
North America
Shipping
harrisii

Cordylophora caspia
1803** Hydrozoa
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
feeders

Odra lagoon

Number of established alien species: 15

Number of alien species according to major taxonomic groups:
Crustacea: 8
Hydrozoa: 1
Mollusca: 3
Oligochaeta: 1
Pisces: 1
Polychaeta: 1

Number of alien species according to area of origin:
China Seas: 1
Indo-Pacific: 2
North America: 8
Pacific: 1
38

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Ponto-Caspian: 4

Number of alien species according to co-functional groups:
Benthic deposit feeders: 4
Benthic omnivors: 3
Benthic suspension feeders: 4
Fish bentophagous: 1
Nekto-benthic invertebrates: 2
Zooplankton suspension feeders: 1

Number of alien species according to ntroduction vectors:
Ornamental: 1
Shipping: 12
Stocking: 2

Ecological impact: Not established

Economical impact: Not established
Odra Lagoon

Alien species
First observed
Taxon
Ecofunctional
Origin Vector
of
name
group
introduction
Acartia tonsa
1925 Crustacea
Zooplankton
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
suspension feeders
North America

Balanus improvisus
1844 Crustacea
Benthic
suspension
North America
Shipping
feeders

Branchiura
1976** Oligochaeta
Benthic
deposit
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
sowerbyi
feeders

Cordylophora
1803** Hydrozoa
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
caspia
feeders

Corophium
1920** Crustacea
Benthic
deposit
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
curvispinum
feeders

Dreissena
1803** Mollusca
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
polymorpha
feeders

Eriocheir sinensis 1926
Crustacea
Benthic omnivors
China Seas
Shipping
Gammarus tigrinus
1975** Crustacea
Nekto-benthic
North America
Shipping
invertebrates

Acartia tonsa
1925 Crustacea
Zooplankton
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
suspension feeders
North America

Balanus improvisus
1844 Crustacea
Benthic
suspension
North America
Shipping
feeders

Branchiura
1976** Oligochaeta
Benthic
deposit
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
sowerbyi
feeders

Cordylophora
1803** Hydrozoa
Benthic
suspension
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
caspia
feeders

Corophium
1920** Crustacea
Benthic
deposit
Ponto-Caspian
Shipping
curvispinum
feeders

Acartia tonsa
1925 Crustacea
Zooplankton
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
suspension feeders
North America

Balanus improvisus
1844 Crustacea
Benthic
suspension
North America
Shipping
feeders

Branchiura
1976** Oligochaeta
Benthic
deposit
Indo-Pacific
Shipping
sowerbyi
feeders

39

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Institutional Arrangements in Poland

1. Is there a Lead Agency for ballast water management matters in your country?
Matters of ballast water management in Poland belong to Ministry of Transport and Maritime
Economy.
2. List other organizations and stakeholders with an interest in ballast water management.
Ministry of Environment,
Szczecin-winoujcie Marine Port Authority S..A.
Gdynia Marine Port Authority S.A.
Gdask Port Authority S.A.
Shipping industry,(Szczecin, Gdask, Gdynia shipyards),
Polish Register of Shipping S.A.,
Ship Design and Research Center
Marine Biology Research Center,
Universities in Gdask and Szczecin.

3. Is there legislation/regulations governing ballast water management in your country?
No
4. Are the IMO ballast water management guidelines (A.868(20)) implemented in your country?
No. Guidelines are used informally by shipping industry in the scope of constructions of new
buildings.
5. Are ships entering the country's ports required to complete and submit the IMO Ballast
Water Reporting Form?
No
6. Are there any other ballast water management requirements in your country?
No
40

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Shipping & Ports in Poland
1 Imports since 1995:

Import Quantities : Name of Port : Gdansk.

Import Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � e.g. tonnes, m3 etc.)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertilisers Cement Grains
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 I-
603
186
30
- 142
323
-
203
-
4822 tek
1067
1080
VIII
2000
1883
74
74
-
26
445
-
267
-
5630 tek
1443
1734
1999
2046
749
183
- 126
418
-
141
-
1105 tek
1210
1690
1998
3266
632
298
- 237
527
-
209
-

933
1700
1997
3345
971
397
-
49
473
-
202
-

1602
2052
1996
3627
804
192
1
4
394
-
250
-

1804
1856
1995
4274
725

-
-
307
-
52
-

1641
2989

Import Sources. Name of Port: Gdansk.

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertilisers Cement Grain
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1999
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1998
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1997
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1996
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1995
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A = Not Available/Not Known.

41

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Import Quantities: Name of Port: Szczecin

Import Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � eg. tonnes, m3 etc.)

Crude oil
Oil
Iron ore Other ores Coal Fertilisers Cement Grains Wood chips Containers General cargo Other
products
2001
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000

73,3 1.907,2
357,9 133,7
12,6
-
509,7
15,1

516,2 830,8
1999

1,2 1.574,7
274,1 402,2
33,8
- 297,5
19,5

471,4 869,5
1998

- 2.017,0
278,0 312,0
19,0
- 370,0
17,0

344,2 955,0
1997

- 2.312,0
216,0 248,0
30,0
- 482,0
16,0

359,2 663,0
1996

- 2.600,8
383,7 116,5
4,0
- 899,0
15,8

408,9 669,2
1995

- 2.669,9
388,7 16,0
7,0
- 288,6
22,7

311,5 591,6

Import Sources. Name of Port: Szczecin

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Fertilisers Cement
Grains
Wood Containers General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000

Brazil RPA

Netherlands

Russia
RPA
France
Germany
Sweden
1999

Brazil Belgium

Netherlands

Russia
RPS
Norway
Canada
Sweden
1998

Brazil Sweden

Germany

Russia
RPA
Norway
Netherlands
Sweden
1997

RPA
Norway

Brazil

Russia
Brazil Belgium
France
Scotland
1996

Brazil Norway

Brazil

Scotland
RPA
RPA
France
Norway
1995

RPA, Norway,

Brazil

Sweden
Brazil Brazil
Germany
Scotland

42

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Import Quantities: Name of Port : winoulscie

Import Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � eg tonnes, m3 etc.)

Crude
Oil
Iron ore
Other
Coal
Festlisers Cement
Grains
Wood Containers General
Other
oil
products
ores
chips
cargo
2001 I-

3,5 1414864,4
1018,0 21290,1
15556,4

93384,8
VIII
2000

10,2 1878690,6
-
14507,5

461,6 156609,9
1999

45,2 1304269,6
14907,1

55,6 174551,0
1998

99,7 1612766,4
20102,5
843,8

1224,0 179789,3
1997

80,8 1852247,0
9081,2
20271,6

408,4 204566,8
1996

26,8 1945227,9
32479,2

1412,2 240602,5
1995

1,7 2149610,0 22289,4
19990,0

45638,3

Import Sources: Name of Port: winoulscie

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
Oil
Iron ore
Other ores
Coal
Fertiliser Cement
Grains
Wood Containers General
Other
oil
products
chips
cargo
2001

Fredericia Sepetiba, Fangebeng
Munga

Montreal

Murmask,
Porto de
Oxelound
Vera Cruz
Kandalaksha,
Maderin
Aguaba
2000

Tallin
Saldanha,

Rosario

Hanoi
Murmask,
Port
San Nicolas
Sfax,
Elizabeth,
Casablanca,
Sepetibo
Glensanda
1999

Brofjorden Saldanha,

Maputo

Klajpeda
Murmask
Tubarao
.Sfax
Sepetiba,
Glensanda
Guaiba
1998

Antwerpia
Salda�a,

Maputo

Montevideo

Venspils
Murmask
Tubarao,
Vitoria
Sepetiba,
Guaiba
1997

Brofjorden, Saldanha,

Saldanha

Rosario,

Antwerp
Murmask
Kalindborg Tubarau
Maderia
1996

Brofjorden, Saldanha,

Santos,

Moirana
Agaba
Getheborg Sepetiba
Rosario,
Murmask
Belfast,
Paranagua
Casablanca
Messina
1995

Saldanha,
Port

Rosario

Murmask
,Sepetiba, Elizabeth
Casablanca
Tubarao,
Quebec
Narwik,
Santana

43

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Import Quantities. Name of Port: Gdynia

Import Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � e.g. tonnes, m3, etc)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Fertlisers Cement
Grains
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
127,5
47,5
-
4,6
123,7
-
-
470,0
-
71 797
1378,7
390,8
2000
85,2
42,5
-
11,3
174,1
-
-
490,1
-
92 277
1950,4
453,1
1999
196,5
30,4
-
3,7
234,8
-
-
252,9
4,3
95 161
2005,9
200,6
1998
407,0
58,2
51,7
2,5
100,0
-
-
375,0
7,0
106 158
2200,0
254,0
1997
732,8
55,5
92,5
-
273,1
-
-
756,2
1,1
90 584
1950,9
278,9
1996
647,0
46,1 96,3
10,7 119,0
-
- 1593,0
2,0

78
659
1619,0 251,0
1995
357,0
50,7
77,0
-
-
-
-
345,0
-
71 896
1566,0
268,0

Import Sources. Name of Port: Gdynia

Import Sources
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) from which each cargo type is imported)

Crude
oil
Oil products
Iron ore
Other ores
Coal
Fertlisers
Sweden, Norway
Antwerp
Russia
-
2001
Finland
Rotterdam
-
Estonia

Netherlands
2000
As above.
As above.
-

As above.
-
1999
As above.
As above.
-

As above.
-
As above.
As above.
Antwerp
As
above.
-
1998
Rotterdam
Hamburg
1997
As above.
As above.
As above.

As above.
-
As above.
As above.
As above.

As above.
-
1996

1995
As above.
As above.
As above.

-
-
Cement
Grains
Wood chips
Containers
General cargo
Other
- Netherlands,
Hamburg
Lithuania,
Brazil, Spain
Belgium,
Antwerp
Finland
Sweden, Belgium
Germany, USA,

Denmark,
Netherlands
2001
Brazil,
-
Egypt,
Germany, USA
Argentina
Germany,
Israel
Argentina
2000
-
As above.
-

As above
As above
- As
above.
Russia
As above
As above
1999
Estonia
1998
-
As above.
As above.

As above.
As above
1997
-
As above.
As above.

As above.
As above.
1996
-
As above.
As above.

As above.
As above.
1995
-
As above.
As above.

As above.
As above.

44

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
2
Exports since 1995:

Export Quantities. Name of Port: Gdansk

Export Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � eg tonnes, m3 etc.)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal Festlisers Cement Grains
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 I-
3488
1308
-
- 3968
92
-
1
-
7708tek
1067
1080
VIII
2000
2339
1461
-
- 5883
233
-
-
-
9295tek
1443
1734
1999
2774
1181
-
- 6969
619
-
32
-
1785tek
1210
1690
1998
2540
1276
-
- 7204
942
-
5
-
-
933
1700
1997
-
900
-
- 6581
741
-
50
-
-
1602
2052
1996
-
600
-
- 6120
745
-
50
-
-
1804
1856
1995
-
442
-
- 7108
596
-
86
-
-
1641
2989

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Gdansk.

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other

Cement
Wood

General
Other
oil
products ore
ores
Coal Festlisers
Grains chips
Containers cargo
2001
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1999 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1998 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1997 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1996 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1995 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

45

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Export Quantities. Name of Port: Szczecin

Export Quantities
(For each year, please insert quantity and units of each cargo type � e.g. tonnes, m3 etc.)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Festlisers Cement Grains
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A
2000

-
-
71,8
8.089,9
104,6
23,9
247,2
31,4

2.229,6
551,1
1999

5,0
-
90,8
9.082,4
16,2
7,3
536,3
33,8

1.950,8
407,9
1998

-
-
112,0
8.333,0
86,0
12,0
178,0
32,0

1.665,4
539,0
1997

-
-
106,0
8.042,0
51,0
41,0
78,0
26,0

2.342,8
655,0
1996

-
-
90,3
8.064,7
36,0
33,0
82,7
22,0

2.244,1
667,1
1995

-
-
62,4
8.146,4
3,0
100,0
344,3
33,3

1.780,5
915,1

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Szczecin

Export Destinations
(For each year, please insert name of main port(s) to which each cargo type is exported)

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Festlisers
Cement
Grains
Wood
Containers
General Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000

Denmark
Germany
Germany

GB

USA

Netherlands Denmark Netherlands
GB
Germany
1999

GB,
Germany
Germany

As

As above.

Germany
Finland
above.
Denmark
1998

Denmark
Germany Netherlands

As

As above.

Netherlands Denmark
above.
Germany
France
1997

As above.
As
Netherlands

As

As above.

above.
Norway
above.
1996

As above.
As
Netherlands

As

USA

above.
Germany
above.
Thailand
1995

GB,
Germany
Denmark

GB

GB

Germany
Netherlands
Sweden
USA
Denmark

46

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Export Quantities. Name of Port: winoujcie

Export Quantities

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Festlisers Cement
Grains
Wood Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001 I-
VIII

152,9

2617939,1

1830,7

16730,7

2000

322,6

4058579,4

22934,5

1999

343,1

4647434,4

82439,4

71997,3

1998

86,0

4470548,3

31750,1

1997

311,9

4002,5 4195479,3

175273,5
5002,1
1996

276,0

3995181,3

119824,3 15057,0
1995

375,2

3764335,7

14443,0

Export Destinations. Name of Port: winoujcie

Export Destinations

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Festlisers Cement
Grains
Wood Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001

Copenhagen

Amsterdam

Pireus

Port Sudan

Rostock
Belawan
Esbjerg
Antwerp
2000

Copenhagen

Copenhagen

New

Bremen
Orleans
Rostock
Tampico
Muderin
1999

Copenhagen

Bremen

Shanghai

Belawan

Ijmuiden
Port Said
Antwerp
Hamburg
Port
Mesina
Sudan
1998

Copenhagen

Rotterdam

Antwerp

Esbjerg
Mesina
Tilbury
Manila
1997

Copenhagen

New
Helsinki

Taihung
Genoa
Haven
Rostock
Mesina
Naantali
Klajpeda
1996

Copenhagen

Rostock

Kaosiung
Safi
Copenhagen
Singapore,
Pori
Bangkok
1995

Copenhagen

Bremen

Port

Naantali
Sudan
Copenhagen
Vera
Cruz
47

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Export Quantities. Name of Port: Gdynia

Export Quantities

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Coal
Fertlisers Cement Grains
Wood
Containers
General
Other
oil
products
ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
-
-
-
-
914,0
9,5
-
59,1
9,8
71. 779
1. 358,3
70,0
2000
-
-
-
-
1573,7
162,0
-
20,0
2,7
95. 995
2. 174,1
156,6
1999
-
-
-
1,0
1840,7
198,4
-
360,0
1,1
95. 447
1. 839,6
175,1
1998
-
-
-
3,0
1811,0
217,8
-
59,0
-
107. 208
1. 983,0
315,0
1997
-
2,3
-
-
1592,9
351,7
-
66,6
-
86. 708
2. 572,9
527,5
1996
-
2,2
-
-
1700,
422,8
-
24,0
-
77, 396
2. 012,0
582,0
1995
-
2,5
-
-
2154,0
314,9
-
181,0
-
68. 544
2. 097,0
588,0

Export Destinations. Name of Port: Gdynia

Export Destinations

Crude
Oil
Iron
Other
Wood
General
Coal
Festlisers Cement
Grains
Containers
Other
oil
products ore
ores
chips
cargo
2001
- Sweden,
Brazil,
- Netherlands
Maroco, Hamburg,
Israel,
Brazil,
Netherlands
USA,
Lithuania,
Finland Antwerp,
Egypt,
Spain,
Spain,
Belgium,
Denmark
China,
Sweden,
Finland
Great
India
Germany,
Britain
Netherlands,
USA.
2000
-
As
above.
As - As
above. As As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.
1999
-
Antwerp
As
above.
As - As
above. As As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.
1998
-
As
As above.
As
-
As above.

As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.
1997
- As As
above.
As -
As above.

As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.
1996
- As As
above.
As -
As above.

As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.
1995
- As As
above.
As -
As above.

As above.
As
As above.
above.
above.
above.

48

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
3.
Number vessels handled since 1995.

Name of Port : Gdansk

Number vessels handled since 1995

<30.000 30.000- 80.000- 150.000- >
10.000- 25.000- 65.000- 150.000- >
Container Passenger General Other
79.999 149.999 199.000 200.000 24.999 64.999 149.000 199.000 200.000 Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001
305
92
36
0
27
66
40

136
305
719
236
I-
VIII
2000
485
102
43
1
40
106
56

216
422
971
319
1999
531
88
49
2
38
79
76
1

83
233
951
322
1998
669
85
49
1
51
109
71
1

14
226
1057
247
1997
633
89
22
6
93
185
47
2

10
223
832
175
1996

1995

Name of Port : Gdynia

Number vessels handled since 1995

Tankers
Bulk carriers
<30,000
30,000-
80,000-
150,000-
>200,000 10,000- 25,000-
65,000-
150,000-
>200,000
[BRT]
79,999
149,999
199,000
24,999
64,999
149,999
199,000
[BRT]
[BRT]
2001
1869
22
-
-
-
513
15
2
1
-
2000
2844
31
-
-
-
674
32
5
2
-
1999
2652
30
-
-
-
621
38
6
1
-
1998
2772
37
-
-
-
663
54
3
1
-
1997
2426
54
-
-
-
622
78
15
3
-
1996
1975
35
-
-
-
575
44
10
2
-
1995
1917
49
-
-
-
534
61
17
1
-

Container
Passenger
General
Other

Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001
421
67
607
843
2000
493
72
1044
1328
1999
609
62
904
1142
1998
608
64
944
1264
1997
500
50
691
1308
1996
340
34
439
1244
1995
287
64
443
901

49

Appendix III: Country Status Reports - Poland
Name of Port : winoujcie

Number vessels handled since 1995

<30.000 30.000-
80.000-
150.000- >
10.000- 25.000- 65.000- 150.000- >
79.999
149.999 199.000 200.000 24.999 64.999 149.000 199.000 200.000
2001
54

64
50

2000
93

101
79

1999
115

101
81

1998
40

126
81

1997
123

179
73

1996
111

186
54
1995
120

175
62

Container
Passenger General Other
Vessels
Ships
Cargo
Vessels
2001

17
10
2000

6297
21
19
1999

5520
23
13
1998

3957
16
2
1997

4527
38
4
1996

2650
37
7
1995

2179
13
6

4. Total volume of ballast discharged in the port each year: N/A

5. Main locations where this ballast water is imported from: N/A

6. Total volume of ballast water uplifted in the port each year: N/A

7. Main locations where this ballast water is exported to: N/A

N/A = Not Available/Not Known.

50

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Baltic Russia Country Status Report
Contact person: Mr. Vladimir Karev
Position:
Director
Organization:
State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue Administration, Ministry of
Transport of the Russian Federation.
Tel:
+ 7 095 959 46 95
Fax:
+ 7 095 959 46 94
Email:
mpp-mpcsa@mtu-net.ru
Address:
1/4, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 103759, Russia
Baltic Russian Coastal & Marine Environments
General. The Russian Baltic coastline consists of two distinct components, the St.Petersburg
administrative/economical unit on the Gulf of Finland and the Kaliningrad administrative/economical
unit between Lithuania and Poland.
St. Petersburg is one of the largest cities in the Baltic region having a population of around 5 million.
In St.Petersburg the electric power stations, machine-building and metal-working industries contribute
the main part of marine pollution. In 2000 the volume of discharge of sewage in the surface water was
1336,6 million cub.meter and on this index St.Petersburg keeps second place of the Russian
Federation. St. Petersburg influences the quality of the land and underground waters as well as the
ecological situation in the area of Finnish Gulf. The paper industry, metallurgical plants, chemical
and military industries are the main sources of environmental pollution in area.
The coastline of the Kaliningrad area is 147 kilometres and includes Vistula (Baltic) and Kuronian
spits, west and north coast of Cambian peninsula. Kuronian spit is unique formation stretched for 98
kilometres, of which 48 kilometres are in the Kaliningrad area of Russia, and the remainder in
Lithuania. The Vistula spit is 65 kilometres long, of which 35 kilometres are in the Kaliningrad area
of Russia, where it is named as Baltic spit.
A 23 mile-long approach channel links Kaliningrad to the Baltic Sea, and 315 small rivers flow from
the territory of Kaliningrad with common length 5000 kilometres. In addition, 948 reclamation
channels have been built. The main sources of the pollution are four pulp and paper plants; two of
which discharge their wastes to the river Pregol (Vistula spit) and two of which to the river Neman
(Kuronian spit). In 2000 the volume of discharge of the sewage in the surface water was 134,1
million cub.meters.
Climate. The climate of the eastern Gulf of Finland is the moderate with surplus moistening.
Predominant Winds. Circulation process in the north-east region of the Baltic Sea is defined by
influence from the Atlantic Ocean.
Air temperature. Air temperature ranges from -6 to -3 OC in February to +17 to +18OC in July.
Sea temperature. During January - March water temperature is close to 0 oC, and rapidly increases
after the ice-break in April-May, reaching 10 oC in May. Summer sea temperatures of 18-20 oC occur
in late July - early August, with the absolute maximum up to 24-26 oC. Temperature drops below 10
oC in the period between September 20th and October 5th . Period with temperatures above 10 oC lasts
around 120 days.
51

Appendix III: Country Status Reports � Baltic Russia
Salinity. Salinity regime in the eastern Gulf of Finland is under strong influence of the Neva River,
the major tributary to the Baltic Sea. Water in Neva Bay is completely fresh, with the conductivity at
all depths ranging between 0.13-0.24 mS/cm at 25 oC (salinity 0.06-0.11 ppt). In the outer estuary, the
surface water is more saline, reaching 3.6 ppt in summer. During spring and summer the outer estuary
is characterised by strong vertical gradients in the salinity, with mean values of 1-2 ppt at the surface,
4-5 ppt at 20 m, and >7 ppt at depths >50 m. Surface water salinity in the Neva Estuary gradually
increases towards the open Gulf of Finland up to 6.5 ppt.
Tidal range. The tide of Gulf of Finland has irregular daily and twelve-hour character, 10-12 cm.
Main hydrodynamic patterns. Not provided.
Main coastal and marine habitat types. Not provided.
Main coastal and marine biodiversity values. A large number of Protected Areas are located in the
eastern Gulf of Finland. These areas include 3 Ramsar Sites (wetland areas of international
significance), one strict nature reserve, which cover 9 islands in the eastern Gulf of Finland, 6 regional
complex sanctuaries and 5 complex natural monuments.
Main fisheries resources (including aquaculture). Not provided.
Main coastal and marine tourism areas. In the St Petersburg area, there is a resort district on the
northern coast of Neva Bay (Figure 3). In the Kaliningrad area, the Kuronian spit has holiday hotels
and recreation usage.
Petroleum and mineral resources and their exploitation. Not provided.
Status of Marine Bio-invasions in Baltic Russia
During many years the regularly investigations in the problems of invasive marine species are carried
out by the Institute of Oceanography and the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Science,
Research Institute of the Azov Sea Fishery Problems and others.
Studies of biodiversity of the Neva Estuary coastal waters, conducted from 1995 to 2000, have shown
that, with the present shipping activity, the Neva Estuary area has been invaded by several alien
species with a high potential for negatively affecting local communities and ecosystems. These
species include the Ponto-Caspian zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, the Ponto-Caspian
predatory fishhook spiny waterflea Cercopagis pengoi, the North-American polychaete Marenzelleria
viridis and the Asian Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Species of Siberian origin such as the
Baikalian amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus and the Amur sleeper (fish) Perccottus glenii Dybows.
were introduced intentionally in some lakes in the Gulf of Finland basin. At present, these two alien
species can also be considered as a serious threat for the Neva Estuary biodiversity. The recent
invader G. fasciatus already replaced the native amphipod Gammarus lacustris Sars in the Neva Bay
as well as in other large aquatic ecosystems in the Gulf of Finland area. At present, G. fasciatus has
established dense populations in the littoral zone in the Neva Bay and inner estuary, where it co-exists
with the alien amphipod of Ponto-Caspian origin Pontogammarus robustoides.
Invasions of the Ponto-Caspian species Dreissena polymorpha and Cercopagis pengoi are likely to
have the most profound effect on the Neva Estuary's coastal ecosystems. Dreissena was first found in
the Neva Estuary in the late 1980s, and by 1998, it was found well-established in littoral communities
in the inner estuary, reaching densities of up to 150 individuals m-2 and biomasses of 350 g m-2 (in wet
weight). At present, Dreissena is a dominating species (in terms of biomass) in hard-bottom littoral
communities in the inner estuary at depths of 1.5�5.0 m and may significantly affect environmental
quality in near-shore waters, specifically via recycling of nutrients and contributing to decaying
organic material on beaches after storm events. A detailed study of Dreissena distribution, conducted
in 2000, has revealed that, in some locations along the shore of the Resort District of St. Petersburg
(Fig. 3), densities of Dreissena exceed 1,000 individuals m-2 and biomasses of 1,000 g m-2 (in wet
52

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
weight). Dreissena is also an abundant species on the hard bottoms along the southern shore of the
outer estuary and imposes a potential danger for functioning of water intake pipes of the nuclear
power station located in this area (Fig. 3).
The Ponto-Caspian predatory crustacean Cercopagis pengoi was found in the Baltic Sea area in 1992,
a likely result of the discharge of ballast water. In the same year, it was found in the open Gulf of
Finland. In 1995, C. pengoi was registered in coastal Finnish waters as a biofouler of fishing nets and
in zooplankton samples from the inner Neva Estuary; since then, C. pengoi has become an abundant
zooplankton species in both inner and outer estuary. The C. pengoi population established in the Neva
Estuary shows a remarkable reproductive strategy, producing a large number of resting eggs during
the summer months. It has been suggested that this large pool of resting eggs in the Neva Estuary
population has enabled C. pengoi to achieve fast population growth in new environments, creating an
increasing risk of Cercopagis being dispersed by ships' ballast water.
The recent invasion of the estuary by C. pengoi may have important consequences for the economy.
Similarly to Finland, C. pengoi was noted to form a paste, fouling fishing nets and trawls. Economic
losses by only one fishing company, located at the northern shore of the outer estuary in Primorsk
(Fig. 3), from 1996 to 2000 exceeded US$50,000. These losses were connected to the at least two-fold
decline in fish catches in the coastal zone of the Neva Estuary due to the biofouling of fishing
equipment.

Invasions according to taxanomic groups
Cnidaria:

Cordylophora caspia Pallas
Area of origin � Ponto-Caspian
First found in 1979 in water intakes of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Station (Antsulevich, Chivilev,
1992). At present common in littoral habitats in the EGF (Orlova et al., 1999). Biology and role in
communities is generally unknown.

Annelida/Polychaeta :

Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill)
Area of origin - North America
First found in EGF in 1996 (Lyakhin et al. 1997). At present common, specifically in Koporsky Bay
(Panov et al. 1999). Data on the role in communities are not available.

Mollusca:

Dreissena polymorpha Pallas
Area of origin - Ponto-Caspian
First found in the EGF in late 1980th (Antsulevich, Lebardin, 1990), and by 1998 it found well
established in littoral communities in the coastal zone of the EGF, reaching densities up to 150 ind/m2
and biomass 350 g/m2 (Orlova et al. 1999). Potentially harmful for water intake constructions of
Leningrad Nuclear Power Station.

Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray)
Area of origin - New Zealand
Common in littoral zone in the EGF. In some locations is very abundant, in Koporskaya Bay in sites
influenced by warm water discharges from the power station up to 10000 ind./m2 (Orlova et al.
1999).

53

Appendix III: Country Status Reports � Baltic Russia
Arthropoda/Crustacea:

Balanus improvisus Darwin
Area of origin - North America
First found in the EGF in 1991 (Antsulevich, Chivilev, 1992). Mainly restricted to more saline parts
of the EGF (Luga and Koporskaya bays).

Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing)
Area of origin - Siberia, Lake Baikal basin.
First found in freshwater part of the Neva Estuary (Neva Bay) in 1996, and later in 1999 in the
adjacent littoral habitats in the EGF, as a result of secondary introduction from Lake Ladoga (Panov
1996, Panov et al. 1999, Orlova et al. 1999). Replaced native amphipod Gammarus lacustris Sars in
the Neva Estuary, as well as in large lakes in the Gulf of Finland basin (Panov et al. 2000).

Pontogammarus robustoides (G.O.Sars)
Area of origin - Ponto-Caspian
First found in freshwater part of the Neva Estuary (Neva Bay) in 1999 (Orlova et al. 1999).
Vector of invasion unknown (southern lagoons in Baltic or invasion via Volga-Baltic water way).

Eriocheir sinensis (Milne-Edwards)
Area of origin - SE Asia
Regular records of adults from fishing nets along northern shore of the EGF, also records from in the
rivers (Alimov et al. 1998).

Zooplancton:

Acartia tonsa Dana
Area of origin - North America
First found in the EGF in 1934 (Smirnov 1935).
At present abundant in zooplankton, in some periods reaches 40-50% of total abundance of copepods
(Silina 1997).
Institutional Arrangements in Baltic Russia
The Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation (formerly the State Committee on
Environment Protection of the Russian Federation) is the federal body responsible for state ecological
control and management of natural resources. In accordance with a Government Decree the Ministry
of Transport of the Russian Federation is the federal body carrying out the state policy and
management in the transport sector.
The Maritime Administration of the Ministry of Transport is responsible for promoting shipping and
its safety, developing land infrastructure to support shipping and for other issues of maritime
transport, the implementation of all obligations of the Russian Federation in the framework of the
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and co-ordinating the activities of other Federal bodies
regarding maritime activities.
Within the Ministry of Transport the State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue
Administration (MPCSA) guides and controls the activities of the maritime organisations concerning
the implementation of international agreements in the marine environment protection.
Russia is a Party to MARPOL and takes part in the elaboration of the instruments of IMO concerning
the control and management of ships' ballast water. Resolution MEPC 50(31) concerning the
minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens was included in the Russian
Regulation for Recording of Operations with Oil, Oil Wastes and Other Hazardous Substances
Which are Produced on the Ships ( 31.04.17-97). The regulation of discharge of the ballast water is
54

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
also included in the Regulation on Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( 31.04.23-94). Guidelines
for fisheries vessels have also been developed based on the IMO Guidelines A.868(20).
The discharge ballast water in all Russian Baltic Sea Ports is also regulated by By-Laws of the Sea
Ports themselves. The Baltic Maritime Inspection which is under the Ministry of Natural Resources
together with the Sea Port Authority of St.Petersburg is updating the port By-Laws including such
issues as list of unwanted non-native organisms and designation of area where new ballast water could
be taken. The Ballast Water Control Form was introduced in St.Petersburg region in 2000 by the
Baltic Maritime Inspection, and now this form is filled in during inspection of tankers.
At the order of the Ministry of Transport the Central Marine Research and Design Institute (CNIIMF)
has carried out research on ballast water treatment systems, including the use of ozone. In addition,
the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping had been ordered to investigate the issue of stability of
ships during ballast water exchange. The investigation was carried out using the theory of risk,
formal safety assessment and mathematical modeling and provided the following during water ballast
exchange at the sea;
� estimation of changing effort on calm water estimation of draught and stability of ships
� estimation of strengthening of the ships' hull
� recommendation on operation arrangements and management of human factors
Shipping & Ports in Baltic Russia
Currently, St.Petersburg, Kaliningrad and Vyborg are the biggest Russian ports in the Baltic Sea
Area. In 2000 the number of vessels calling at the Russian Baltic Ports increased as well as the
volume of oil exported. Figure One show the number of ship calls (upper figures) and the total
turnover (lower figures) of the ports in question.

Figure One. Shipping through main Russian ports on the Baltic.
55

Appendix III: Country Status Reports � Baltic Russia

Figure Two. Tanker statistics for the Port of St Petersburg in 2000.

Figure Three. The Neva Estuary and adjacent areas of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Anchors in open circles indicate main
ports, anchors in filled circles indicate ports under construction, asterisk in filled circle indicate nuclear power station.
Figures on the inserted map indicate: 1 Lake Ladoga, 2 Neva Estuary, 3 Gulf of Finland, 4 Gulf of Bothnia, 5 Baltic Proper.

56

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Oil handled in the Port of St.Petersburg in 1999 equated to 5,897 million tons and in 2000 to 6,633
million tons. An analysis of one hot-spot of the outer roads of Kronshtadt shows;
� total number of tankers � 62
� total number of previous ports of call �150, previous seas � Mediterranean (3), Northern (7),
� Norwegian (3), Caribbean (3), Atlantic (1), Pacific (1) and Indian (2) oceans
� intermediate ports of call � South Africa, Saudi Arabia (Red Sea), Cuba (Caribbean Sea),
USA (Orleans, Charleston, Wilmington, Yorktown, Houston).
Foreign flags accounted for almost 50% of all port calls in the Russian Baltic Ports. These include
Cyprus, Malta, Norway, Panama as well as Russia, namely, Novorossiysk.
57

Appendix IV:
Country Project Proposals

NB:
These Project proposals are included as presented by the countries at the workshop, as the basis for discussions only. The
GloBallast PCU is of the view that they all require detailed review and improvement before consideration for potential
funding by donors. Areas that need to be addressed for all project proposals include:
�
The budgets seem somewhat high and need substantial justification and detailed breakdown.
�
The budgets above should explicitly incorporate and reflect resourcing and support-in-kind provided from national
sources.
�
The time-frame for some projects could be reduced.
�
Where possible, standard, international methodologies should be adopted, as used by the GloBallast Programme in
other regions, especially in relation to risk assessment, port biological surveys and model legislation/regulations.
Ideally, all projects should be combined as elements of a single, integrated Regional Strategy and Action Plan, as outlined in
sections 5.3 to 5.5 of the main report.

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Estonia Project Proposal 1
Contact Person: Arvo Veskimets
Position: First
Deputy
Director
Organization:
Estonian Maritime Administration
Tel:
+372 620 5500
Fax:
+372 620 5506
Email: Arvo.Veskimets@vta.ee
Address:
Lasnam�e 48, 11413 Tallinn, Estonia.
Project Title:
Risk Assessment of Estonian Port Areas
(National project with potential to be expanded as a regional project)
Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the proposed project is to start collection of ballast water related data from incoming ships,
including source of origin and amounts of ballast waters discharged. Currently this information is not
available.
After the source areas of ballast water are determined, collection of marine environmental data will be
started.
The final aim is making a risk assessment of bioinvasions by most important port areas.
Benefits of the Project:
These could be listed as follows:
1. Standardised documentation of data on incoming vessels and ballast water by ports.
2. Identification of the most risky ports in terms of new invasions where port monitoring should
be carried out.
3. Legislative proposals to government (the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of
Transport and Communications) for mandatory submission of ballast water related data of
incoming vessels.
Outputs of the Project:
1. Standardised database on incoming vessels and ballast waters discharged (sources, amounts)
by ports.
2. Progress reports (one per year) and annual reports on development of the project.
3. Final report after completion of the study.
1

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Estonia 1
Timeframe:
Overall duration of the project is 3 years. During the first year, Muuga port studies will be
undertaken: collection of ballast water related data and environmental data for source regions. Efforts
for mandatory submission of IMO Ballast Water Reporting Form. Second and third year � risk
assessment for Muuga port and undertaking similar studies for other Estonian ports.
Methods to be used to carry out the project.
The project could be sub-divided into 3 parts.
1. Collection and documentation of the data for the Port of Muuga. This is the largest harbour in
the Tallinn port system.
2. On the basis of the Muuga harbour experience, similar survey will be carried out for all
important ports of the country: the remaining three harbours within the Port of Tallinn system,
port of P�rnu, port of Kunda.
3. in parallel, legislative actions for mandatory submission of the IMO Ballast Water Reporting
Form and creation of central data depository will be undertaken.
The IMO Ballast Water Reporting Form will be used. The risk assessment will be carried out by
applying GloBallast experience from other regions.
Main players and their roles and responsibilities.
Liina Eek-Piirsoo, Ministry of Environment � legislative proposals
Henn Ojaveer � risk assessment, supervision of students
Tarmo Ots, Estonian Maritime Board � communication with ports, legislative proposals
NNN - person on full-time basis � ballast water data collection and management
Total funding required: US$ 130 000
Detailed budget breakdown (USD$):
Salaries � 77 000
Stipends � 8 000
Travel (ICES/IMO/IOC SG meetings) � 4 000
Equipment (2 computers) � 5 000
Consumables � 7 000
Unexpected costs � 5 600
VAT (18%) � 22 500
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country:
Infrastructure of all institutions involved will be available for implementation of the project. The main
players within the project are employed on full-time basis from other sources than this project.
2

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Additional salary money is foreseen for them in the proposal. Based on preliminary discussions,
support from the Port of Tallinn to the proposed project could be expected. Also, preliminary
discussions with the administration of the Muuga Port gave us confidence for their interest in future
cooperation.

3

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Estonia 2
Estonia Project Proposal 2
Contact Person: Henn Ojaveer
Position:
Senior Research Scientist
Organization:
Estonian Marine Institute
Tel:
+372 6 281 584
Fax:
+372 6 281 563
Email: henn@sea.ee
Address:
Viljandi Road 18b, 11216 Tallinn, Estonia.
Project Title:
Field Sampling of Selected Invasive Alien Species and Port Areas
(National project with potential to be expanded as a regional project)
(PCU Comment � it is the preference of GloBallast than any such survey should not be for selected
species but should commence with broad-based port baseline surveys using the standard CRIMP port
sampling protocols adopted by GloBallast, as adapted to each port's situation, under a coordinated
regional and global port survey system).
Aims and objectives of the project:
The aims of the proposed project are:
1. Continuous recording of the status of already existing selected marine bioinvasions and
estimating their ecological and economic impacts (if appropriate). The following species will
be studied: the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis, the cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi, the
copepod Acartia tonsa, the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the hydrozoa Maeotias
inexpectat.
2. Biological surveys in port areas (Port of Tallinn and Port of P�rnu). Until now, detailed and
comprehensive surveys in port areas were not carried out.
The project will serve as an extension to already existing programs and directed to obtaining
additional and specific data which otherwise were not gathered. Duplication and overlapping is
avoided.
(PCU comment � see comment above)
Benefits of the Project:
These could be listed as follows:
1. Continuous accumulation of updated knowledge on the status of the already existing
invasions (e.g., species distribution, population dynamics) which is useful for decision
makers;
2. By surveying of port areas, rapid information of other countries on any new invasions through
Estonian ports.
3. Documentation of ecological impacts caused by marine bioinvasions.
4

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Outputs of the Project:
Survey and annual reports; papers published in scientific journals. Updated information will be
submitted to the existing regional (Klaipeda) database and is useful for the HELCOM Baltic Sea
periodic assessments. Presentation of the results of the study in respective ports and in other relevant
authorities.
Timeframe:
Duration of the project is 5 years. The project cannot be divided into sub-periods as sampling, sample
analysis and data analysis will be carried out routinely. Benthic field studies include four expeditions
annually, pelagic ecosystem surveys require in some sites weekly sampling - continuation of already
existing data series.
Methods to be used to carry out the project.:
HELCOM guidelines will be followed for sampling and sample analysis.
(PCU comment � GloBallast is not aware that HELCOM has standard guidelines for
sampling/monitoring introduced marine species, although it does have such guidelines for more
general biological monitoring. GloBallast prefers that international port survey protocols be used)
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
Henn Ojaveer, Ph. D � coordination, reporting, pelagic ecosystem
Mart Simm, Ph. D � zoo- and meroplankton, field sampling
Jonne Kotta, Ph. D � benthic ecosystem,
Helen Orav, Ph. D student � benthic ecosystem, field sampling
Total funding required: US$ 250 000
Detailed budget breakdown (USD$):
Salaries and stipends � 80 000
Field works (incl. ship hire) � 60 000
Consumables � 20 000
Computer software � 4 000
Institutional overhead (20%) � 41 000
VAT (18%) � 45 000
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country:
Infrastructure of the Estonian Marine Institute is available for implementation of the project.
Laboratory facilities and field work equipment for the investigations proposed are available at the
institute, except ship for pelagic samplings. The main players within the project are employed on full-
time basis from other sources than this project (total salary ca US 250 000 according to the present
salary standards). Additional salary money is foreseen for them in the project.
5

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Latvia 1
Latvia Project Proposal 1
Contact Person: Aigars Krastis
Position: Director

Organization:
Maritime Department of Ministry of Transport
Tel: +371
7028198
Fax: +371
7331406
E-mail: krastins@sam.gov.lv

Address:
Gogola str., Riga, LV-1743, Latvia
Project Title:
Elaboration of Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers for the Control and
Management of Ships' Ballast Water.
Aims and Objectives of the Project:
Aim:
Minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the territorial
waters of the Republic of Latvia.
Objectives:
Elaboration of Regulations and a plan for the implementation of Regulations to
implement the IMO Resolution A.868(20) in Latvian legislation.
The Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management held in October 2001 in Tallinn has
motivated us to evaluate the situation in ballast water management matters and in national legislation.
We are motivated to detect the problems we have to solve in order to develop national by-laws, as
well as to implement IMO Resolution A.868(20) Guidelines for the control and management of ship's
ballast water to minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. The theme of this
project supports the idea of the International convention for the control and management of ship's
ballast water and sediments being developed by IMO MEPC, which is planned to be adopted in 2003.
If the project is recognised and funded, the incorporation of the IMO Resolution A.868 (20) into
national legislation will proceed effectively. Namely, a relevant national by-law will be drafted, which
will lead us towards implementation of this Resolution.
We consider both our projects - the regional project "Port biological surveys and ballast water
sampling" and the country project "Legislation and regulations", will be supporting each other and
leading to proper implementation of IMO Resolution A.868 (20).
Benefits of the Project:
1. Implementation of IMO Resolution A.868(20) in legislation of the Republic of Latvia.
2. Workable legal mechanism in place for controlling and managing ships' ballast water in
Latvia in order to minimise transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the
territorial waters of Latvia.
Outputs of the Project:
1. Draft Regulations for the control and management of ships' ballast water elaborated.
6

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
2. Plan of implementation of Regulations elaborated.
Timeframe:

No of
2002.
�

No
Type of activities
working
2003.

days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1.
Organisation
of
working
group
14
x

2.
Methodology
Meeting
in
Riga
2
x

3.
Data collection for elaboration of 100 x
x
x
x
x
x

the Draft Regulations
4. Study abroad to investigate 25
x x
practices and application of new
legislation
5.
Study units to investigate practices 10

x

and future application of
legislation in Latvia
6.
Internal consultation
5

x

7.
External preliminary Audit
5

x

8.
Seminar of the working group for 2

x

initial report
9. Elaboration of the Plan for 120
x x x x x x
implementation of Regulations:
- investigation of necessary
technologies of ballast water
treatment;
- investigation of necessary
investments;
- institutional
and
personnel
development for ballast water
control.
10. Internal
consultation
5

x

11. External Audit of the plan for 5

x

implementation of Regulations
12. Seminar of the working group for 2

x

Second Report
13. Drafting of the Project
30

x

14. First Evaluation Meeting of the 2

x

Project Report
15. Project
optimisation
15

x

16. External
Audit
of
the
Project
5
x

17. Second Evaluation Meeting of the 2

x
Project Report
18. Final Report of elaborated Draft 2

x
Regulations and Plan for
implementation of Regulations
19. Approval of the Final Report
2

x

Summary: 353

7

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Latvia 1
Methods to be used to carry out the Project:
The project is based on three stages:
1. Investigation and data analyses.
2. Elaboration of the Draft Regulations.
3. Elaboration of the Plan for implementation of Draft Regulations.
Investigations in Latvia:
! Existing legislation.
! On board practices by Ballast Water Management plan.
! Ballast water discharge in open sea, volume, origination.
! Intensity of the ballast waters discharge , volume, origination and practical activities in
the ports.
! Domestic biota systems stability and its interactions state.
! Recommendation of the IMO Resolution's A.868(20) reasonable application for Latvia.
! Financial and organisational consequences of implementation of new by-laws.
Investigations abroad:
! Existing legislation.
! On board practices by Ballast Water Management plan.
! Ballast water discharge in open sea, volume, origination.
! Intensity of the ballast waters discharge, volume, origination and practical activities in the
ports.
! Environmental biota's state in the countries, where management of ships; ballast waters is
implemented.
! Methods of application of the IMO Resolution's A.868(20).
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
Maritime Department of Ministry of Transport will be responsible for:
! Reporting of situation concerning legal acts in the field of ballast water management.
Maritime Administration of Latvia will be responsible for:
! Elaboration of requirements concerning procedures for ships that carries ballast water.
! Cost estimation to ensure the fulfilment of the Plan for implementation of the
Regulations.
! Elaboration of the Plan for implementation of Regulations.
Marine Environment Board will be responsible for:
! Elaboration of requirements concerning control of ballast water in the ports of Latvia.
! Cost estimation for control of ballast water management in ports.
Latvian Port Authorities will be responsible for:
! Reporting of actual situation concerning intensity of ballast water discharge in ports of
Latvia.
! Cooperation in planning of necessary technologies cost estimations.
8

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Institute of Aquatic Ecology of the University of Latvia will be responsible for:
! Research domestic biota systems stability and its interactions state.
! Identification of areas where the discharging of ballast waters is acceptable within the
territorial waters of Latvia.
! Cooperation in planning of necessary technologies .
Total funding required:
Donor funding:

US$61 330
National co-financing:
US$6 815
Total
US$64
900

Detailed budget breakdown:
General
No
Budget Item
Price p/unit No of units Total
1.
Study
visits
3000
3
9000
2. Translations and Interpretation
1000

1000
3.
Meetings,
Workshops
1000
6
6000
4.
Internal Consultation Fees
2000

2000
5. External Consultation Fees
10 000
2
20 000
6.
Audit
2000
2
4000
7.
Publicity
500

500

TOTAL: 42 500
Personnel
Position in
Daily
No of
No Authority
Activity
Total
the Project
rate
days
Maritime
Project
Project administration, drafting of the
1.
100 68 6800
Administration
manager
Project Report
Analyses of existent legislation concerning
Maritime
2.
expert
ballast waters in Latvia and in the other
80 60
4600
Administration
countries, Resolution application of IMO.
Statistics of the ballast waters discharge in
Maritime
3.
expert
other countries -open sea and ports,
80 60
4600
Administration
volume, origination
Data collection on future application of
Maritime
legislation in Latvia and countries where
4.
Department
expert
80 20
1600
management of ships ballast waters is

implemented
Marine
Data collection of Baltic sea
5.
Environment
expert
environmental and marine accidents,
80 20
1600
Board
ballast water discharge in open sea
Institute of
Baltic sea and Riga Gulf biota systems
6.
expert
80 20
1600
Aquatic Ecology
stability and its interactions.
Research on Maritime environment biota's
Institute of
situation in the foreign countries, results of
7.
expert
80 10 800
Aquatic Ecology
implementation of ships ballast waters
management
Port Authorities
Statistics of the ballast waters discharges
8.
expert
80 10 800

in Latvian ports, volume, origination

22
TOTAL: 268
400

9

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Latvia 2
Latvia Project Proposal 2
Contact Person: Dr. Andris Andrushaitis
Position: Director
Organization:
Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Latvia
Tel: +371-2945405,
+371-9230333
Fax: +371-2945442
Email: hydro@latnet.lv
Address:
Salaspils, Miera 3 LV-2169, Latvia.
Project Title:
Creation of ballast water biological control system in the Eastern Baltic countries.
This is proposed as a regional project to be harmonised with other Eastern Baltic countries.
Following is the Latvian part of the planned project.
Aims and Objectives of the Project:
Aim:
To prepare a stable basis for the establishment of a biological control/monitoring
system of the incoming ballast waters in the Eastern Baltic ports.
Objectives:
To test and chose the most appropriate ballast water sampling methods.
To create a basis for the monitoring network, involving the employees of regional
environment boards and ports into sampling.
To create an on-line database on analysed samples, linked with existing database
NEMO and HELCOM Baltic Early Warning Reporting System.
Benefits of the Project:
� The decision of the most adequate ballast water sampling methods will ensure complete
information on arriving biological organisms and thus allow to assess the possible risk and the
treatment method of the ballast water.
� The involvement of employees of regional environment boards and ports into the sampling
procedures will guarantee an operative obtaining of the samples.
� The exchange of the information using the on-line database will give an updated view on
taxonomic composition of the incoming ballast water and provide a support for further
scientific and applied research.
Outputs of the Project:
� Two status reports and a final report.
� Presentation of the final report in the ports.
� Press release.
� Internet database on the results of analysed samples.
10

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Timeframe:
The total time of the project is 6 months. The project can be started during January-February 2002.

Activity
Months 1 2 3 4 5 6
Choosing of the

sampling period
according to the
shipping schedules
Purchase of the sampling

equipment
Collection of the

background information
on the sampling methods
First status report

Sampling in the ports

and analysis of the
samples
Second
status
report

Creation of the on-line

data base
The final report of the

project
Press release and the

presentation of the final
report
Methods to be used to carry out the project.
Considering the sampling of the ballast water as the most important task of the project, the methods
will be used according to the type of the vessel. Pumps are planned for the sounding pipes and nets �
for the manholes where accessible.
The analysis of the samples will be fulfilled according to plankton treatment methods following
HELCOM recommendations and local quality assurance requirements.
(PCU comment � GloBallast is not aware that HELCOM has standard guidelines for ballast water
sampling. GloBallast prefers that international ballast water sampling methods be used)
Main players and their roles and responsibilities.
Latvia
Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Latvia � collection of background information, purchase
of equipment, sampling, analysis, preparation of the reports, press release and presentation of the
report.
Latvian Fisheries Research Institute � collection of background information, taxonomical expertise,
consulting.
Estonia
Estonian Marine Institute (University of Tartu) will be responsible for the ballast water sampling in
Estonian ports, analysis of these samples and reviewing the relationships between ballast water
movement and the invasion of exotic marine organisms in Estonian coastal sea.
11

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Latvia 2
The proposed study parametes are ballast water information (origin, amount, duration between
ballasting and deballasting) hydrography (temperature, salinity, oxygen, total phosphorus, nitrogen),
phytoplankton (taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass), zooplankton (taxonomic composition,
abundance, biomass) and benthic invertebrates (taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass).
Sediment samples will be also examined for organic content, the resting stages of phytoplankton (e.g.
toxic species) and zooplankton. The sediment analysis needs to be included to the project being
possible hosts for the retention and ultimate dispersion over long periods of time, of toxic
dinoflagellate cycts and other undesirable organisms.
Lithuania , Poland & Russia
To be developed.
Total funding required:
Latvia
The total funding required for the fulfilment of the project in Latvia is US$22 632
Estonia
The total funding required for the fulfilment of the project in Estonia is US$15 183
Detail budget breakdown (USD$)
Latvia
Labour costs � planned for 45 samples, i.e. 15 samples in 3 ports.

Parameter Sampling
Persons employed for Costs for data
Total
costs
data handling and
handling and
labour
(4 persons
reporting
reporting
costs
employed)
Bacterioplankton 290 1
400
690
Phytoplankton 290
2
800 1090
Zooplankton 290
2
800 1090
Supportive hydrological
290 1
200
490
data
Local consulting and

1500
taxonomical expertise
International coordination,

7500
consulting and expertise
Net labour costs

12360
Overhead recovered on

2472
labour (20%)
Gross labour costs

14832

12

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Costs other than labour

Travel expenses, per diem and accommodation for field group
800
Pump for sampling
3000
Two nets for qualitative and quantitative sampling
3000
Traps and other supportive devices
800
Reagents 200
Total 7800

Grand total 22 632

Estonia

Items
sampling Man-months handling
and
reporting Total
hydrography 290
1
670
960
phytoplankton 290
2
1340
1630
zooplankton 290
2
1340
1630
zoobenthos 290
1
670
960
travel expenses

800
nets, traps etc.

3000
Overhead

2570
Taxes
3633
GRAND
TOTAL

15183
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the countries.
Latvia
The Institute of Aquatic Ecology will ensure manpower resources, provide the laboratory equipment
and computer service for the analysis of samples and data handling. The use of Institute's historical
data will be unlimited, if necessary.
The Latvian Fisheries Research Institute will provide taxonomical expertise on higher aquatic
organisms and involve the historical data in the description of background situation.
The Ministry of Environment Protection and Regional Development together with Latvian Maritime
Administration are expected to arrange the management of the ballast waters including biological
control as one of the main components.
Estonia
The Estonian Marine Institute will ensure manpower resources, provide the laboratory equipment and
computer service for the analysis of samples and data handling.
13

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Lithuania
Lithuania Project Proposal
Contact person: Tadas Navickas
Position:
Chief Specialist for Marine Environment Protection
Organization:
Ministry of Environment
Tel:
370 2 61 99 63
Fax:
370 2 22 08 47
Email: t.navickas@aplinkuma.lt
Address:
Jaksto 4/9, 2000 Vilnius, Lithuania
Project Title.
Towards implementation of the IMO ballast water guidelines: strengthening
institutional and government arrangements in Lithuania
Aims and Objectives of the project:
� To develop the inter-institutional administrative mechanism to support implementation of the
IMO ballast water guidelines on the national level.
� To define institutional responsibilities and authorities of all stakeholders involved in the
process of ballast water management.
� To implement provisions of the Article 20 of the "Law on Protection of Marine Environment"
of the Republic of Lithuania.
Benefits of the Project:
� Risk of the harmful introductions through the Lithuanian ports will be minimised
� Experience on the IMO Guidelines A.868 (20) implementation in the Baltic Sea Region will
be gained.
Outputs of the Project:
� Transposition of the provisions of the IMO Guidelines A.868 (20) to the Lithuanian
legislation.
� Development of the institutional administrative capacities to support ballast water
management on the national level.
� Establishment of ballast water control and monitoring system in the Lithuanian ports.
Timeframe:
Up to 12 months
14

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Transport
Port authorities
Shipping Companies
Scientific Institutions
Total funding required: USD$200 � 300 000.
Detailed budget breakdown (USD$):
To be defined later.
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country(ies):
In-kind contribution: basic infrastructure and information support. Potential co-financing of this
Project by Lithuania is up to 10%.

15

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Poland 1
Poland Project Proposal 1
Contact person: Eugeniusz Kondracki
Position:
Chief Expert on Sea Environment Protection
Organization:
Department of Maritime and Inland Waters Administration, Ministry of Transport
and Maritime Economy.
Tel:
+48 22 628 43 97 or 630 15 78
Fax:
+ 48 22 628 85 15
Email:
ekondracki@mtigm.gov.pl or hcichecka@mtigm.gov.pl
Address: Chalubiskiego 4/6, 00-928 Warsaw , POLAND
Project Title:
Feasibility Study on Implementation of the IMO Ballast Water Guidelines
(A.868(20)
Aims and Objectives of the Project:
Aims:
To create technical, organizational, economical, and legal solutions for implementing
the IMO ballast water guidelines (A.868(20)),
Objectives:
Background and history of the problem.
Study of the environment protection needs in the Baltic Sea region (present and
future).
Proposals for legal regulations to implement IMO Guidelines in short time.
Principles to calculate the cost of implementation.
Proposals for technical solutions (standards, sampling etc.).
Benefits of the Project:
Background for developing legal regulations and full implementation of the IMO Guidelines and in
future arguments for access to IMO Convention concerning ballast water management.
Outputs of the Project:
Report of feasibility study on implementation of the IMO ballast water guidelines (A.868(20)),
Timeframe:
24 months
Methods to be used to carry out the project:
Data gathering and assessment
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
To be described later.
16

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Total funding required: Approx. US$32 000.
Detailed budget breakdown (US$):
To be described later
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country(ies):
Poland does not have possibilities to finance this project. Ministry of Transport and Maritime
Economy will look for a co financing of this project in Poland.

17

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Poland 2
Poland Project Proposal 2
Contact person: Eugeniusz Kondracki
Position:
Chief Expert on Sea Environment Protection
Organization:
Department of Maritime and Inland Waters Administration, Ministry of Transport
and Maritime Economy.
Tel:
+ 48 22 628 43 97 or 630 15 78
Fax:
+ 48 22 628 85 15
Email:
ekondracki@mtigm.gov.pl or hcichecka@mtigm.gov.pl
Address: Chalubiskiego 4/6, 00-928 Warsaw , Poland
Project Title:
Ballast Water Risk Assessment for the Southern Baltic Sub-Region.
Aims and objectives of the project:
Up to now Southern Baltic Sub-Region has not been subjected to systematic examination and
assessment in respect of the risk created by alien species from ballast waters. Reports on the
appearance of new species is evidence of the necessity to undertake studies in this field.
Objectives of the project are:
� Collection of the full data necessary for ballast water risk assessment.
� Assessment of the risk of introducing into waters of southern area of the Baltic Sea alien
species occurring in ballast waters.
� Assessment of the risk of transferring native species from the Southern Baltic Sea to other sea
areas.
� Initial estimation of economical losses.
The assessment will be performed on basis of the actual state of biosphere and sea transport.
Benefits of the project:
� Assessment of the ballast water risk for marine environment of the Southern Baltic Sea.
� The project's results will be used as a background in legislative procedure of implementation
of the IMO Guidelines A.868 (20) as well as of the future convention.
Outputs of the project:
Report including the ballast water risk assessment for southern regions of the Baltic Sea.
Timeframe:
24 months
18

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Methods to be used to carry out the project:
Method of assessment of risk induced for marine environment by ballast waters discharge will be
based on models of the environmental risk assessment published in literature.
For purposes of this project it is considered to make use of a model taking into account following
factors having influence on the risk:
! Shipping traffic statistics (shipping routes from areas of matching climate, salinity,
release of ballast water, duration of ship voyages etc).
! Habitat characteristics (salinity, pollution, eutrophication etc).
! Community structure (number of native and non-indigenous species).
! Potential for secondary introductions.
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
Ministry of Transport and Maritime Economy as a coordinator.
Total funding required: US$35 000.
Detailed budget breakdown (US$)
1.
Review of scientific publications relating to methods of ballast water risk
assessment. Discussion on methods:
6 000
2.
Consultation (including travel abroad) on the methodology of risk assessment:
5 000
3.
Collection of input data for ballast waters risk assessment:
5 000
4.
Analysis of data and working out the assessment of risk:
20 000
5.
Final report comprising results of assessment and proposal of ballast water's
treatment:
4 000
6.
Other (translation of literature publications into Polish and of report of the project's
results into English, giving an opinion on execution of the project by experts):
2 000
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind will be provided by the country:
Poland is not able to finance execution of the project at the moment.

19

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Baltic Russia 1
Baltic Russia Project Proposal 1
Contact person: Mr. Vladimir Karev (Dr. Gennady Semanov)
Position: Director
Organization:
State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue Administration, Ministry of
Transport of the Russian Federation
Tel:
+ 7 095 959 46 95
Fax:
+ 7 095 959 46 94
Email: mpp-mpcsa@mtu-net.ru
Address:
1/4, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 103759, Russia
Project Title:
Ballast Water Treatment Technique.
Aims and Objectives of the project:
Development of technique for treatment ballast water on board ships.
Benefits of the Project:
Reduce the cost for implementation of requirements of new international convention.
Outputs of the Project:
Propose to use living organism decaying substances for treatment of ballast water.
Timeframe:
2002 - 2003
Methods to be used to carry out the project:
Laboratory investigation and field test of developed technique
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
Specialists in biology and ship industry, Central Marine Research and Design Institute (CNIIMF).
Total funding required: US$100 000
Detailed budget breakdown (US$):
US$75 000 for investigation and development of equipment, US$25 000 for field test.
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country(ies):
Manpower, laboratory, co-financing.
20

Baltic Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management: Workshop Report
Baltic Russia Project Proposal 2
Contact person: Mr. Vladimir Karev
Position: Director
Organization:
State Marine Pollution Control, Salvage & Rescue Administration, Ministry of
Transport of the Russian Federation
Tel:
+ 7 095 959 46 95
Fax:
+ 7 095 959 46 94
Email: mpp-mpcsa@mtu-net.ru
Address:
1/4, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 103759, Russia
Project Title:
Development of a Regional Information System on Ballast Water.
Aims and Objectives:
Aim:
To join information concerning the problems of ballast water, including
information on aquatic invasive species, procedures in other Baltic Sea Ports;
results of scientific research and design investigation of the treatment of ballast
water and methods of ballast water sampling.
Objectives:
To establish the principles of statistic data.
To adopt to unified approach to the analysis of necessary information.
To adopt to standard methods of ballast water sampling.
To elaborate common criteria of `clean' ballast water.
To define sensitive areas.
Benefits of the Project:
To use background information of the experiences of Baltic Sea States.
Outputs of the Project:
Procedures of control and management of ship's ballast water to minimize of harmful aquatic
organisms.
Timeframe:
One year
Methods to be used to carry out the project:
Mathematical statistic models, biological methods etc.
21

Appendix IV: Country Project Proposals � Baltic Russia 2
Main players and their roles and responsibilities:
The Maritime Administrations, scientific research institutes, port authorities
Total funding required: Approx. US$100 000-150 000.
Detailed budget breakdown (USD$):
If any donors are interested in this Project Proposal detailed budget will be detailed
Details of resourcing and support-in-kind that will be provided by the country:
Results of scientific and design investigations, manpower, regional information system which is
elaborated by the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Science, co-financing of the Project.

22

Appendix V:
Media Release

MEDIA RELEASE

Baltic Countries Battle Marine Invaders

Monday 22 October 2001

The countries of the Baltic Sea joined forces today in a cooperative plan to protect their marine resources from
the threat of invasive marine species. The United Nations agency responsible for maritime matters, the
International Maritime Organization (IMO), says that invasive marine species are one of the four greatest
threats to the world's oceans.

The problem stems from the carriage of harmful marine organisms and pathogens in ships' ballast water.
Ballast water is carried by ships to provide balance and stability when they are empty of cargo.

It is estimated that 10 to 12 billion tonnes of ballast water are carried around the world by ships each year.
Thousands of tonnes are discharged into Baltic ports. While ballast water is essential to the safe operation of
ships, it also poses a serious environmental threat, in that around 4,500 species of marine microbes, plants and
animals may be carried globally in ballast water at any one time. When discharged into new environments, these
species may become invasive and severely disrupt the native ecology and have serious impacts on the economy
and human health.

It is estimated that a foreign marine species is introduced to a new environment somewhere in the world every
nine weeks. The global economic impacts of invasive marine species have not been quantified but are likely to
be in the order of tens of billions of US dollars a year.

The IMO, through its Global Ballast Water Management Programme, is assisting Baltic countries to halt this
onward march of marine bio-invasions. With support from the Estonian Ministry of Environment, IMO is
convening the Baltic Sub-Regional Workshop on Ballast Water Management in Tallinn, Estonia, from 22 to 24
October 2001.

Maritime and environmental experts from Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia,
Sweden, the Helsinki Commission, the European Commission, the Global Environment Facility and other
organizations have gathered for the workshop. They will be seeking to build a regional alliance, and develop
cooperative programmes to save the Baltic Sea from the ecological and economic onslaught of harmful aquatic
organisms.

The Workshop will be held at the Estonian Ministry of Environment, Conference Room, Toompuiestee 24,
Tallinn, commencing at 0900 on Monday 22 October. Members of the media are invited to attend.

Further information:

Ms Liina Eek-Piirsoo

Mr Steve Raaymakers
Estonian Ministry of Environment

International Maritime Organization
Tel: + 372 626 2877

Tel +44 (0)7884 182 489