IPP133
v 2
(DRAFT)
Public Disclosure Authorized
LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT IN EAST ASIA PROJECT
STRATEGY FOR ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT
THAILAND
Public Disclosure Authorized
LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT SECTION
Public Disclosure Authorized
BUREAU OF LIVESTOCK STANDARD AND CERTIFICATION
DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATIVES (MOAC)
102 RAJADAMNERN NOK,
BANGKOK 10200, THAILAND
12 OCTOBER 2004
Public Disclosure Authorized
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
1
2. Ethnic Minorities in Thailand
4
3. The Strategy
6
4. Guidelines for Preparation of Ethnic Minority Development Plans (EMPD)7
5. Screening
9
6. Social Impact Assessment
9
7. Ethnic Minority Development Plan
9
8. Implementation Arrangement
9
9. Monitoring
1 0
10. Schedule
1 0
11. Budget
1 0
12. Reporting/Documentation
1 1
ABBREVIATIONS
DOLA Department
of
Local
Administration
DOLD
Department of Livestock Development
DPs
Displaced persons
EMDP
Ethnic
Minority Development Plan
EMP
Ethnic Minority People
GEF
Global
Environmental
Fund
MOAC
Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives
MOI the
Ministry
of
Interior
LEDS
Livestock Environment Development Section
NGOs Non
governmental
organisations
NSC
National Steering Committee
OP
Operational Policy
PIU
Project Implementation Unit(s)
PLO
Provincial Livestock Office
PMU
Project Management Unit
PRAs
Participatory rural appraisal
RTG
Royal Thai Government
Sangka Council Buddhist Religious Council
SIA
Social Impact Assessment
Tambon
Sub-district
TAO
Tambon Administrative Organization
EQUIVALENTS
B.E.
Buddhist Era, equal to 253 A.D.(B.E. 2547 = A.D. 2004)
Rai
Thai measurement of land unit, equal to 400 Wah 2 or 1 600 m2
Wah 2
Thai measurement of land, equal to 0.0025 Rai or 0.007 Acre or
400
m2
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 1
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
INTRODUCTION
1.
This project addresses one of the most significant and rapidly growing
causes of land-based pollution in the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand
environmentally unsustainable industrial-scale livestock production. The overall
objectives of the project is to reduce the negative local and global environmental
impacts of rapidly increasing livestock production in selected demonstration areas in
China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Specifically, the proposed project and its replication
aims to reduce land-based pollution from livestock production in Thailand and,
consequently, in the international waterways.
2.
The proposed project consists of four components: Component 1:
Conducive Policy Framework; Component 2: Demonstration of Livestock Waste
Management; Component 3: Development of Decision Support Tools and
Regional Co-ordination; and Component 4: Project Management and
Monitoring. The first component should lead to the development ands
implementation of policies for both livestock production and waste management with
strengthened and better-enforced regulations, more effective institutions and financial
incentives. The outcome of the second component would be improved livestock waste
management technology demonstrations in livestock farms of different size, including
the establishment of improved quality of surrounding agricultural land. The third
component would develop common decision support tools for policy makers and
promote the exchange of experience and lessons learned amongst the three
participating countries directly involved in the project as well as those bordering the
South China Sea. The last component would result in efficient project management
and effective monitoring of political/institutional and environmental changes brought
about by the project.
3.
The focus of the proposed project is on the implementation of cost-effective
livestock waste management in selection sites in Thailand, Vietnam and in one
province of China bordering the South China Sea (Guangdong). The two provinces
selected as demonstration areas in Thailand are Ratchaburi and Chon Buri Province.
In Ratchaburi, the selected district is Pak Tho, whereas the selected district in Chon
Buri is Ban Bung District. The demonstration sites are tabulated below, with
information on ethnic minority groups in each province.
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 2
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
4.
The ethnic minority peoples in the demonstration provinces are settled in the
following districts and sub-districts and they are not culturally affected by the
project activities.
Effects from the
Province District Sub
District Ethnic
Minority project
Khu Bua
Thai Yuan
None
Don Takoe
Thai Yuan
None
Aung Thong
Thai Yuan
None
Jaydee Huk
Thai Yuan
None
Muang
Hin Kong
Thai Yuan
None
Don Rai
Thai Yuan
None
Khung Katin
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Khung Namwon
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Muang Thai
Chine
None
Pak Tho
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Pak Tho
Wang Manow
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Wan Dao
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Donsai Thai
Khmer
Lao
Derm
None
Huay Yang Tone
Thai Song Dum
None
Bo Kradan
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Wat Yang-ngam
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Yang Huk
Thai Karen
None
Ko Sanpra
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Wat Plang
Wat Plang
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Ratchaburi
Don Khlung
Thai Song Dum
None
Dumnuen Sa-duak
Bua Ngam
Thai Song Dum
None
Thai Chine
None
Wat Kaew
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Bang Pae
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Hua Po
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Bangpae
Wang Namyen
Thai Khmer Lao Derm
None
Don Kha
Thai Song Dum
None
Po Huk
Thai Pueng Tin
None
Nong Pla Moe
Thai Yuan
None
Banpong
Tha Pa
Thai Lao Viane
None
Thai
Chine,
Thai
Mon
None
Nong Poe
Thai Yuan
None
Bang Kra-doe
Thai Yuan
None
Thai Mon
None
Potharam
Ban Khong
Thai Lao Viane
None
Ban Leuk
Thai Lao Viane
None
Ban Sing
Thai Lao Viane
None
Kam Pang Nue
Thai Lao Viane
None
Thai Chine
None
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 3
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
Province District Sub
District Ethnic
Minority
Effects from the
Jombung Jombung
Thai Lao Viane, Thai Song
None
Suan Peung
Thai Karen
None
Suan Peung
Ta -noa Wa Sri
Thai Karen
None
Ging Ampuer Ban
Ban Kha
Thai Karen
None
Kha
Ban Bung
Thai Karen
None
Chon Buri
Marp Pai
-
None
Sources: Ratchaburi Provincial Office of the Ministry of Culture. Eight Ethnic Groups
in Ratchaburi. Publication without date.
:www.thai.net/prratburi/line/mtml
5.
However, according to information collected from local authorities
and the National Steering Committee these EMPs are not located in vicinity of the
demonstration farms currently selected within each sub-district or in areas down-
stream of these farms. Consequently it is not anticipated that EMPs will be
negatively affected by project activities within the currently selected demonstration
areas.
6. In the case of that future project demonstration activities will be
located in the areas of EMPs, every special effort will be made through design,
construction measures and construction schedules to reduce adverse impacts on
these groups. For the establishment of public pig waste treatment systems, the
adverse impacts would be at the individual level and at a low-intensity level, as land
of some ethnic minority families may be exchanged or permanently acquired for
building common waste treatment systems. Therefore, the project would not cause
any culturally specific impact on the affected ethnic minority households and the
nature of impacts does not result in community-wide socio-economic effects.
7.
If there are ethnic minority people in the project selected sites then in
line with the World Bank's Operational Directive on Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20),
an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) will be developed for areas that
have ethnic minority households according to this strategy for ethnic minorities.
Ethnic minority is defined as social groups with a social and cultural identity
distinct from the dominant society that may make them vulnerable to being
disadvantaged in the development process. According to OD 4.20 ethnic minorities
can be identified in particular geographical areas by the presence in varying degrees
of the following characteristics:
A close attachment to ancestral territories and to the natural resources in
these areas;
Self-identification and identification by others as members of a distinct
cultural group;
An indigenous language, often different from the national language;
Presence of customary social and political institutions; and
Primarily subsistence-oriented production.
8. The purpose of this strategy is to ensure that the development process foster full
respect for dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness of EMPs. More
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 4
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
specifically, the objective of this strategy is to ensure that EMPs do not suffer
adverse effects during the development process and that they will receive culturally
compatible social and economic benefits.
2. Ethnic Minorities in Thailand
9.
In Thailand, there have been flows of immigrants mainly of mainland
China for over three hundred years. The gradual assimilation makes it difficult to
differentiate the ethnic Thai and ethnic Chinese Thai, who engage mainly in the
business sector, and have gained high economic status in the Thai society. Currently,
the Thai comprise 75 percent, the Chinese 14 percent and other EMPs 11 percent of
the total population of Thailand.1
10.
Other EMPs mainly include the Laotian in Northeast Thailand and the
Vietnamese in a few provinces in the Northeast. In the upland hilly borders in
Northern Thailand, there are hill tribe minorities, including the Karens, Lawas, Lahus,
Akhas, Lisu, Hmong, Mien, Khamus and the Phi Thong Luang.2 The Royal Thai
Government (RTG) is concerned about their movement across borders and the related
issue of citizenship.
11. In Chon Buri Province, there is no ethnic minority, whereas in Ratchaburi
Province there are eight ethic minority groups. They are: 1 Thai Pueng Tin; 2 Thai
Chine; 3 Thai Yuan; 4. Thai Mon; 5 Thai Khmer Lao Derm; 6 Thai Lao Viane; 7
Thai Karen; and 8 Thai Song Dum.3. All these groups have been settled in Thailand
for so long that they have attained Thai citizenship and are under the Thai
Constitution.
12. According to information collected from local authorities and the National
Steering Committee for the project, the following Ethnic Minority People (EMP) are
located in the two demonstration sites selected during the project preparation phase:
Ethnic Minority*
Province District
Sub District
Ethnic
Average Annual
Income Sources
Ratchaburi
Pak Tho
Pak Tho
-
50 000 (USD 1250)
Wang Manow
-
Paddy farming
50 000(USD 1250)
and
Wan Dao
-
horticulture(coco
50 000 (USD 1250)
nuts & mangoes)
Thai Khmer
Don Sai
50 000(USD 1250)
Lao Derm
Huay Yang Tone Thai Song
Glutinous and
50 000 (USD 1250)
Dum
non-glutinous
Note: *The groups in the selected sub-district only.
** Per com., Paa Lumduan, traditional leader of Thai Song Dum ethnic
community, October 9, 2004.
1 http://www.cia.gov
2 http://www.symbiosis-travel.com/destinations/thailand/tethnic.htm
3 Bureau of Culture of Ratchaburi Province. Eight Ethnic Minority Groups in Ratchaburi Province.
(in Thai, no date of publication)
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 5
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
13. Thai Khmer Lao Derm people have the Khmer ethnic origin. There is no record
of the year of migration to Thailand but according to historical record, a large
number of Khmer people were forced by war to settle in Thonburi Province during
King Narai Period of Ayudhaya dynasty. In B.E. 2314 (A.D. 1771), King Taksin of
Thonburi period ordered them to migrate and settled in Ratchaburi Province. The
language is similar to the Thai northern dialect. The informal record of this ethnic
group claims that they used to be Siamese whose settlements were scattered in the
northeastern part of Siam. The settlement pattern is that of clustered villages with
several households in each village. They have varied tight kinship system. In terms
of religion, they believe in ancestral worship and Buddhism. There are traditional
festivals throughout the year, for example; in March, there is the tradition of making
glutinous rice roasted in bamboo joints and April is the traditional New Year.
Modernization has changed the traditional Thai Khmer Lao Derm such that the
traditions are not observed very seriously and it is difficult to differentiate them
from any ordinary Thai. The major occupation has been paddy farming and
horticulture. For the last 30 40 years, the major horicultural crops are mangoes
and coconuts. They have been engaged in fresh water fish capture for subsistence
and the left over was preserved for future use.
14. Thai Song Dum's original settlement was in Kwang Sipsong Juthai near Dien
Bien Fu, the northern part of Vietnam that is adjacent to Laos. The settlement was
on the route along which the Vietnamese and the Chinese moved their troops to
fight against each other. During these wars between Vietnam and China, the Thai
Song Dum settlement was often devastated. As Siam considered Thai Song Dum to
be an ethnic minority of Siam, Siamese kings had ordered the minority group to
resettle in Siam for five times. In B.E. 2322 (A.D.1779), they were settled in
Petchburi, Saraburi, Ratchaburi and Chanthaburi Province. In B.E. 2335 (A.D.
1792), they were settled in Petchburi and Bangkok. In B.E. 2378 (A.D.1835), B.E.
2379 (A.D.1836) and B.E. 2381 (A.D.1838), they were settle first in Bangkok and
then in Petchburi. Gradually, they moved to various provinces such as Supanburi,
Kanjanaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Saraburi, Loburi, Nakhonsawan Pijit, Pitsanulok,
Sukhothai, Chumphon, Suratthani Province. At present, there are settlements of
Thai Son Dum in Pak Tho, Bangpae, Dumnernsaduak, Jombueng District of
Ratchaburi Province. In terms of religion, they believe in Pi Fa (angel; elves; sky)
and in ancestral worship. This ethnic minority engages in agriculture (agronomy
and glutinous and non-glutinous paddy farming. Their major staple food are
glutinous rice, vegetables and homemade preserved food such as dried fish,
fermented fish as well as fresh water fish and pork. They are diligent, honest and
have high ethnic group solidarity and lead simple ways of life.
15. Khmer Lao Derm and Song Dum communities are located in the project sub-
districts of Ratchuburi. The SA team interviewed Mr. Nit Muangsawat of Thai Khmer
Lao Derm ethnic minority in Moo 4 of Don Sai Sub-district on 15th July 2004. His
community comprises about 200 households, all of which are of the same ethnic
group. The majority engage in rice farming. The growth of pig farms in the area
negatively impacted the water quality in the rice fields, but not the EMP culture.
They filed complaints and the Department of Land pronounced their community and
their land the "Green Area". Those engaged in pig farming can be in the areas,
provided that they have a good waste management system. At present, the overall
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 6
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
environment situation is getting better and it is not likely that the community member
would need to resettle.
16. Song Dum is an ethnic minority in Moo 1, Huay Yang Tone Sub-district. The SA
team interviewed Mrs. Lumduan Mahapon who is the cultural leader of the
community on 15th July 2004. There are 119 households, with 676 community
members, all of whom are Thai Song Dum. Of this number, 470 members (69.5%)
have voting rights. Mrs. Lumduan Mahapon said that the existence of pig farms
around her community does not have any cultural impact, but negatively impacts
the water quality in the rice fields. She further informed that a few pig farmers
compensate the rice farmers whose productivity declines due to untreated waste water
getting into the rice fields. The compensation is 1 000 baht (USD 25) per rai (0.4
acre) if the total produce is destroyed. If the total produce is 50 percent damaged, the
compensation is 50 percent which is 500 baht (USD 12.5). This kind of compensation
has been going on for five years and the pig farmers have written contracts with
affected rice farmers at the Sub-district Administrative Organization (TAO). There
are 10 farming households that are negatively impacted by the waste water released
from the pig farms.
17. The EMPs located in the project sub-districts in Ratchaburi Province have rights
in accordance to Section 304.
3. The Strategy
18. The Bank's OD 4.20 on Indigenous Peoples indicates that the strategy for
addressing the issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the
informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Thus, identifying local
preferences through direct consultation, incorporation of indigenous knowledge into
project approaches, and appropriate early use of experienced specialists are core
activities for any project that affects Ethnic Minority Peoples and their rights to
natural and economic resources.
19. Though the interviews with the representatives of the EMPs located in the project
area indicated that there are no adverse impacts of the project on their culture and
tradition, the strategy outlined in this document is based on the information provided
during these interviews and could be applied to other ethnic minorities in similar
areas. This strategy will therefore be applied to the Livestock Waste Management in
East Asia Project where applicable.
4 Office of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand. The Constitution of Thailand B.E.
2540 with regard to human rights and the Act of Office of the National Human Rights Commission
of Thailand B.E. 2542. B.E. 2544 : Bangkok. pp. 12-16.
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 7
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
20. The current Constitution (1997) Section 30 states that there would be
no discrimination or prevention of cultural socialization to maintain the
identity of ethnic minorities especially the hill tribes. Article 3 in Section 30
pertains to all Thai citizens' rights of and freedom from discrimination from
living according to the culture of each ethnic minority group.
21. "Every individual is equal in the eye of the law and is equally protected
by law. Both men and women have equal rights. Unjust discrimination
against individuals because of the difference in original place of birth,
ethnicity, language, sex, age, physical or health condition, individual status,
socioeconomic status, religious belief, education, or political thoughts,
which are not against the Acts in the Constitution, cannot be done. The
Section enacted to alleviate obstacles or promote individuals' right and
freedom at the same par with others is not considered unjust discrimination
(Article 3)."1
22. Section 49 of the Constitution on land appropriation by the government,
states that it cannot be done without the authority of a specific Act for the
purpose of public use, out of the necessities such as to promote and protect
the quality of the environment, to develop agriculture for industry. The land
return must be fairly compensated within timely period to the owner
including those who are negatively impacted by the land appropriation by
the government.
23. To set the compensation in a just manner, the factors to be considered
are the normal selling prices, condition and situation of the immovable
properties and the lost of those whose land must be returned. The law on
land return must clearly specify the purpose and the period of use of the
immovable properties.1
24. According to Section 46, pertaining to community's right," individuals
who make up an ethnic community have the right to conserve their culture,
traditions, traditional knowledge, local art and culture and to participate in
the conservation and use of the environment in the balanced and sustainable
ways." There are other sections in the Constitution that are similar to
Section 46, for example, Section 56, 59, 60, 76, and 79.
4. Guidelines for Preparations of Ethnic Minority Development
Plans (EMPD)
25. These guidelines seek to ensure that EMPs are well informed, consulted and
mobilized to participate in activities supported by the project. The participation of
EMPs can either provide more certainty about the benefits they may receive, or
protect them from any potential adverse impacts of the project. The major elements of
the EMDP are a preliminary screening process, followed by a social impact
assessment to determine the degree and nature of impact of each work under the
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 8
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
project, and an action plan, which will be developed if warranted. Consultations with
and participation of the minority population, their leaders and local government
officials will be an integral part of the overall EMDP.
26. Details of the screening and social impact assessment processes are described in
the section below.
27. The guidelines thus are based on the principles concerning the rights if EMPs as
stipulated in the Thai Constitution. The key elements are:
1. Male and female representatives from the ethnic minorities should be well
informed about benefits and losses (from the Project) accrued to their own
communities and to the general public.
2. The decision making process must involve participation of representatives of
the EMPs.
3. EMPs should be enabled to expressing their opinions on relevant issues in
case the Project has potential impacts on their communities. They should also
participate in defining alternatives that are acceptable to all stakeholders
concerned.
5. Screening
28. If the Project is to be replicated in areas containing EMPs, it is important to
have basic information about the EMPs in the proposed project demonstration sites.
All sub-districts which have EMPs and are candidates for the project will therefore
be visited (at the time of first consultation with the sub-districts) by representatives
of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), relevant local authorities and consultants.
Prior to the visit, the PIU will send a letters to the sub-districts informing local
authorities that they will be visited by the PIU to discuss the project. The letter will
request that the sub-district invite to the meeting representatives of farmers and
women organisations, local community leaders, and key sub-district staff for
discussion on the project. During the visit, the sub-district leaders and other
participants will be requested to present their views with regard to the project.
29. At this visit, the participating social scientists/consultants will undertake a
screening for ethnic minority population with the help of ethnic minority leaders
and local authorities. The screening will check for the following:
(a)
Names of ethnic groups in the locality
(b)
Total number of ethnic minority groups in the locality
(c)
Percentage of ethnic minority of local population
(d)
Number and percentage of ethnic minority households along the
proposed project sites for demonstration.
30.
If the results show that there are ethnic minority communities in the zone of
influence of the proposed project sites for demonstration, a social impact assessment
will be planned for those areas.
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 9
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
6. Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
31. SIA should be a participatory process, carried out by SIA consultants, ethnic
minority representatives, and representatives form the Ministry of Culture with
expertise in SIA. The assessment team should consist of both male and female
participants and the methodology used could be relevant methods of participatory
rural appraisal (PRAs) and could be followed by ethnic group meetings for
discussions, verification and addition of information. Data collection and analysis
disaggregated by gender and economic class should be applied where appropriate.
32. The SIA will gather relevant information at the household as well as the
community level. The information required for an SIA includes:
1. Demographic data, especially data on health and education
2. Information on culture and traditions
3. Social and economic data
4. Perceived social, cultural and economic impacts of project activities - positive
and negative
33.
Information will be gathered from separate group meetings: ethnic minority
leaders; ethnic minority men; and ethnic minority women, especially those who live
in the zone of influence of the proposed project sites for demonstration. Social
assessment consultants will be responsible for analyzing the SIA, and for leading
the development of an action plan with the ethnic minority leaders and project staff.
If the SIA indicates that the potential impact of the proposed project will be
significantly adverse or that the ethnic minority community rejects the project, the
project will not be implemented in that locality; no further action is needed in this
case.
34. If the SIA indicates positive response from the ethnic minority group in question,
then the ethnic minority development plan (EMDP) should be developed.
7. Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP)
35. The plan should include not only focus on defining relevant development
interventions but also on identification of interventions aimed at prevention,
alleviation and mitigation of likely adverse effects. At this stage, the project could be
reviewed, and revised for improvement to ensure optimal project outcome.
36. The EMDP should include:
1
Legal framework
2
Baseline information (qualitative, quantitative)
3
Land tenure and land ownership information
4
Local participation
5
Technical identification of development, preventive, alleviation and
mitigation activities
6
Institutional arrangement
7
Implementation schedule
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 10
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
8
Monitoring and evaluation; and
9
Cost and financial plan
8. Implementation Arrangement
37. Consultants and local level experts from the Ministry of Culture will also be
responsible for training Project Implementation Unit (PIU) staff and local social
organisations to undertake the work of consultation, screening, social impact
assessment, analyses and preparing EMDPs.
38. The PMU and PIU and local authorities are responsible for implementing
EMDP (arrange for adequate staff and budget).
9. Monitoring
39.
Implementation of the EMDPs will be regularly supervised and monitored
by PIU staff and representatives of relevant local authorities at the provincial and
district levels. The findings and recommendations will be recorded in quarterly
reports and to be furnished to PMU and the World Bank office in Thailand.
40.
The independent agency or agencies which will be used by PMU to
undertake external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of resettlement
action plans for the project will also be tasked with monitoring the activities for
EMDP. The external monitoring agency will visit a sample of affected households
in each relevant province on an annual basis.
10. Schedule
41. The EMDP should have an implementation schedule that is co-ordinated with the
project implementation. Logically, social impact assessments and group meetings
should be undertaken before the project designs are prepared. Compensation for land
acquisition should be satisfactorily completed at least one month prior to start of civil
work. Monitoring should take place at the recommended times during project
implementation.
11. Budget
42.
The EMDP, while provides development activities, will include information
on detailed cost of mitigation measures and other rehabilitation entitlements for
ethnic minority in the affected areas. Sources of funding for the various activities
and financing plans will be clearly specified in the cost tables.
Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 11
Ethnic Minority Guideline (EMG)
12. Reporting/Documentation
43. The EMDP will be prepared and submitted by the PIU to the PMU and the
National Steering Committee (NSC) as well as to the World Bank at the same time
that the PIU submits its annual work program to the World Bank for review and
approval. When the NSC submits the final annual work program to the World Bank
for approval, an integrated EMDP report will also be furnished, if required.
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Livestock Waste Management Project: Social Assesment in Thailand (2004) 12
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