E1187 v5
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Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project
Ethnic Minority Development Plan for KOS Farm
Public Disclosure Authorized
1. Introduction
Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project addresses one of the most significant and
rapidly growing causes of land-based pollution in the South China Sea and the Gulf of
Thailand environmentally unsustainable industrial-scale livestock production. The overall
objectives of the project is to reduce the negative local and global environmental impacts of
rapidly increasing livestock production in selected demonstration areas in China, Thailand, and
Vietnam. Specifically, the proposed project and its replication aims to reduce land-based
pollution from livestock production in Thailand and, consequently, in the international
waterways.
Public Disclosure Authorized
This project consists of four components: Component 1: Livestock Waste Management
Technology Demonstration; Component 2: Policy and Replication Strategy Development;
Component 3: Project Management and Monitoring; and Component 4: Regional
Support Services. The objective of the first component is to improve livestock waste
management technology demonstrations in livestock farming of different size, including the
establishment of improved quality of surrounding agricultural land. The second component
should lead to the development and implementation of policies for both livestock production
and waste management with strengthened and better-enforced regulations, more effective
institutions and financial incentives. The third component would result in efficient project
management and effective monitoring of political/institutional and environmental changes
Public Disclosure Authorized
brought about by the project. The last component would be the supportive organization and
develop decision support tools such as GIS, Cost of Compliance Simulation Model (CoSiMo)
and Nu-Flux Model then unifying these three countries parts as one project.
According to Strategy for Ethnic Minority Development Report by DLD submitted to the Bank
on 12 October 2004, it is necessary to develop ethnic minority development plans (EMDP) as a
"Safe Guard" measurement if impact causes were triggering.
KOS farm is one of the pig farms in Ratchaburi Province that participates in the demonstration
farm program in Component 1 of the project. The wastewater treatment system will be
constructed in this farm.
Public Disclosure Authorized
2. Legal Framework
The current Constitution B.E. 2550 (2007), Section 30 states that there would be no
discrimination or prevention of cultural socialization to maintain the identity of ethnic
minorities especially the hill tribes. Article 3 in Section 30 pertains to all Thai citizens' rights
of and freedom from discrimination from living according to the culture of each ethnic
minority group.
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"Every individual is equal in the eye of the law and is equally protected by law. Both men
and women have equal rights. Unjust discrimination against individuals because of the
difference in original place of birth, ethnicity, language, sex, age, physical or health condition,
individual status, socioeconomic status, religious belief, education, or political thoughts,
which are not against the Acts in the Constitution, cannot be done. The Section enacted to
alleviate obstacles or promote individuals' right and freedom at the same par with others is
not considered unjust discrimination (Article 3)."
Section 42 of the Constitution on land appropriation by the government, states that it cannot
be done without the authority of a specific Act for the purpose of public use, out of the
necessities such as to promote and protect the quality of the environment, to develop
agriculture for industry. The land return must be fairly compensated within timely period to
the owner including those who are negatively impacted by the land appropriation by the
government.
To set the compensation in a just manner, the factors to be considered are the normal selling
prices, condition and situation of the immovable properties and the lost of those whose land
must be returned. The law on land return must clearly specify the purpose and the period of
use of the immovable properties.
According to Section 66, pertaining to community's right," individuals who make up an
ethnic community have the right to conserve their culture, traditions, traditional knowledge,
local art and culture and to participate in the conservation and use of the environment in the
balanced and sustainable ways."
Working of Aliens Act, B.E. 2551 (2008) that covered the working regulation, registration
and permitted fee for alien worker.
3. Baseline Information
In Thailand, there have been flows of immigrants mainly of mainland China for over three
hundred years. The gradual assimilation makes it difficult to differentiate the ethnic Thai and
ethnic Chinese Thai, who engage mainly in the business sector, and have gained high
economic status in the Thai society. Currently, the Thai comprise 75 percent, the Chinese 14
percent and other EMPs 11 percent of the total population of Thailand.
Other EMPs mainly include the Laotian in Northeast Thailand and the Vietnamese in a few
provinces in the Northeast. In the upland hilly borders in Northern Thailand, there are hill tribe
minorities, including the Karens, Lawas, Lahus, Akhas, Lisu, Hmong, Mien, Khamus and the
Phi Thong Luang.1 The Royal Thai Government (RTG) is concerned about their movement
across borders and the related issue of citizenship.
Ratchaburi Province there are eight ethic minority groups. They are: 1 Thai Pueng Tin; 2
Thai Chine; 3 Thai Yuan; 4. Thai Mon; 5 Thai Khmer Lao Derm; 6 Thai Lao Viane; 7 Thai
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Karen; and 8 Thai Song Dum.2. All these groups have been settled in Thailand for so long that
they have attained Thai citizenship and are under the Thai Constitution. According to
information collected from local authorities the following Ethnic Minority People (EMP) are
located in the two demonstration sites selected during the project preparation phase:
Ethnic Minority
District Sub-District
Province
Ethnic
Average Annual
(Ampur)
(Tambon)
Minority
Income
Income Sources
(Baht)
Ratchaburi Pak Tho
Pak Tho
-
50,000 (USD 1,250)
Wang Manow
-
50,000(USD 1,250)
Paddy farming and
horticulture(coconuts &
Wan Dao
-
50,000 (USD 1,250)
mangoes)
Thai Khmer
Don Sai
Lao Derm
50,000(USD 1,250)
Glutinous and non-
glutinous paddy farming,
Thai Song
Huay Yang Tone
Dum
50,000 (USD 1,250)
subsistence capture
fishery, vegetable
gardening
From the studying the EMPs located in the project sub-districts in Ratchaburi Province have
rights in accordance to Section 30 of the Constitution and there are no impacts from the
Project.
In the other hand, some alien workers that existed in demonstrated farm are triggering the safe
guard measurement causes to be developed this Ethnic Minority Development Plan.
It is only KOS farm from two demonstrated sites (KOS in Ratchaburi Province and Sa-ard
Farm in Chonburi Province) in the first year program that has alien workers, the total number is
27 workers.(see Annex 1 for Ethnic Minority name list)
KOS Farm is a large pig farm, located at 134 Moo 5 Tambon Wangmanaw, Ampur Paktoh
Ratchaburi Province. Farm owner is Mr. Puttipong Kositkittiwanit. This farm is surrounding
with the paddy field and space land. Total farm area is 100 rai (1 rai equal to 1,600 square
meter).
There are 18 pens or feeding housing with number of pigs as follows; 20 boars, 1,200 sows,
large fattening pigs 4,500 units, medium fattening pigs is about 2,500 units, weanling pigs is
about 2,000 units and piglet is about 1,000 units. There are 26 aliens work in this farm.
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4. Land Tenure and Land Ownership Information
KOS farm land area is about 100 rai (1 rai equal to 1,600 square meter) and belong to
Mr.Puttipong (owner) with legal registration according to Thai Law. The ethnic minority
people who stay in this farms are workers who work in KOS farm with their own intention.
5. Local Participation
PMO had visited to KOS farm and arranged a meeting with some representative from the
workers. Discussion included their general working and living conditions, their problems and
difficulties in working in this farm. (see Annex 2 for Consultation Minute)
6. Content of Ethnic Minority Development Plan
6.1 The Implementation Objectives for EMDP
To prevent discrimination, assist and create better living welfare for the ethnic
minorities in the project areas.
6.2 Beneficiaries
The alien workers in Project area. The total amount and details are as below:
Ethnic Minority Male
Female Child
Karen
10
7
2 (0.2, 6 years old)
Mon
7
3
1 (4.5 years old)
Sub-total 17
10
Total 27
Data as of 15/2/09*
6.3 Contents of the Activities
· Living Welfare
Farm owner provides dormitory with tab water and electricity for
free of charge
Keep monitoring for labor cost not less than Working of Aliens
Act states, at present announce for 156 Baht per day (receiving
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5,000 Baht per month equal to 178 Baht per day calculate at 28
working days).
Photo Shown Two Dormitory Buildings for Ethnic Minority Worker to Stay
Photo Shown Room Inside Conditions
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Photo Shown Water Supply for Ethnic Minority Workers
· Recreation
Supply 2 televisions for 2 building.
Play ground level adjustment for sporting and provides sport
equipments such as Ta-Kraw, Paton, Volleyballs and Basketball.
Annual Party on New Year Festival, provides food and drink for
free
Photo Shown Living Atmosphere for KOS Ethnic Minority Workers
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Photo Shown Sport Area nearby Dormitory
· Education
Opportunity education for children that were born in Thailand (12
years government subsidy follows by Thai current Constitution).
7. Institutional Arrangement
Farm owner will provide as the follows;
Work permit arrangement
Salary for the ethnic minority worker who work in KOS farm that not less than
Working of Aliens Act
Accommodations for all ethnic minority workers as appropriate
Access to clean water supply and electricity
Recreation area such as play ground or sport
Education support to the ethnic minority children
PMO will visit to the site and discuss with the ethnic minority worker periodically
Individual consultant will monitor and evaluate at site to observe the worker working and
living conditions annually basic.
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8. Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Schedule
Activity
Time Period
Action by
Farm Survey and Workers
January 2009
PMO
Observations
Local Participation
February 2009
PMO
Wastewater Treatment
February 2009
Farm Owner
System Construction
Monitoring and Evaluation
April 2010
Individual Consultant
9. Cost and Financial Plan
Items
Cost (THB)
Total Cost (THB)
Total Cost (USD)
Dorm
1,000 x 26 paxs
26,000
742.86
Water and Electricity
100 x 26 paxs
2,600
74.29
Television
4,000 x 3 pieces
12,000
342.86
Satellite Plate
5,000 x 1 piece
5,000
142.86
Play Ground Adjustment
5,000
5,000
142.86
Sport equipment
2,000
2,000
57.14
Annual Party
300 x 26 paxs
7,800
222.86
Government
Education
- -
Subsidy
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Grand Total
60,400
1,725.73
Calculate at 35 Baht/USD*
The expenditures' excluding children*
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Annex 1 Ethnic Minority Worker Name List in KOS Farm
No.
Name
Gender
Age (year)
Race
1 Mr.
Moejae
M
37
Karen
Mujacha
(Mr.Moejae
F 0.2
Karen
daughter)
2 Mr.
Kerjae
M
20
Karen
3 Ms.
Noich
F
20
Karen
4 Mr.
Nai
M
32
Karen
5 Mr.
Totosho
M
30
Karen
6 Ms.
Or
F
35
Karen
7 Mr.
Teve
M
20
Karen
8 Ms.
Payaye
F
20
Karen
9 Ms.
Wamuang
F
24
Karen
10 Mr.
Morjae
M
37
Karen
11 Ms.
Jemor
F
20
Karen
12 Ms.
Mata-u
F
29
Karen
13 Mr.
Santicho
M
37
Karen
Watita
(Matau+Santicho
F 6
Karen
daughter)
14 Ms.
Matue-la
F
32
Karen
15 Mr.
Santoh
M
31
Karen
16 Mr.
Mungsa-u
M
30
Karen
17 Mr.
Mongteng-ang
M
27
Karen
18 Ms.
Matin-ye
F
35
Mon
19 Mr.
Mi-ar
M
40
Mon
20 Mr.
Somaron
M
16
Mon
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21 Mr.
Mon
M
25
Mon
22 Ms.
Mu
F
27
Mon
23 Mr.
Nai
M
25
Mon
24 Mr.
Lue
M
20
Mon
25 Ms.
Yuk
F
25
Mon
26 Mr.
Win
M
25
Mon
Min-Min (Yuk+Win Son)
M
4.5
Mon
27 Mr.
Len-u
M
17
Mon
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Annex 2 Minute Local Consultation
Photo shown consultation participation between PMO and KOS Ethnic Minority
Workers
Livestock Waste Management
In East Asia Project
Thailand
Minute of Consultation Participation
MOM-KOS-004
Project Name : Livestock Waste Management in East Asia Project, Thailand (LWMEA)
Issue : Ethnic Minority Workers in KOS Farm Consultation
Venue: KOS Farm
Date: 25th February 2009
Time: 10.30- 11.30 AM
Participant:
1. Dr. Sommai Chatsanguthai, PMO, Waste Management Specialist
2. Mr. Chairat Worasri, PMO
3. Ms. Panita Nualpong, PMO
4. Ms. Mata-U, KOS Karen Worker
5. Ms. Matue-La, KOS KarenWorker
6. Mr. Mungsa-U, KOS Karen Worker
7. Mr. Santicho, KOS Karen Worker
8. Mr. Mongteng-Ang, Karen KOS Worker
9. Ms. Matin-Ye, KOS Mon Worker
10. Mr. Santoh, KOS Karen Worker
Meeting :
1. PMO explained the purpose of this meeting to all participation ( to identify their
working and living conditions in the farm)
2. PMO asked everyone for their family life and working duty in the farms to make
familiar
3. PMO asked for the following questions
3.1 How about accommodations?
Ms. Mata-U informed that there are two dormitories with total 14 rooms are provided
to all workers with free of charge. Toilet and Bath room are separately provided with
enough use
3.2 What facility are provided by farm owner?
Mr. Santicho said that water supply and electricity are provided for free. Almost
family have their own television, electric fan and refrigerator.
3.3 Any activity or recreation in the farm?
Ms. Mata-u told that owner provided some sport facility such as football, volleyball
and Takrow for common use. Play ground also was arranged nearby their dormitory.
Football game is usually play in every evening. Common televisions also provided in
each dormitory. Besides that farm owner will arrange a new year party for every year.
3.4 How about the working license ?
Ms. Matin-Ye said that everyone got the work permit by registration at the provincial
office.
3.5 Do the children go to school?
Ms. Mata-U said that her daughter just only 6 years old but she had joined the pre-
primary school program at Wat Khao Than (located near KOS farm) and she can
enter the primary school program in next two years. Her family are very happy.
Project funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Japan Policy & Human Resources Development Fund (PHRD)
Livestock Waste Management
In East Asia Project
Thailand
3.6 How about the medical treatment ?
Ms. Tatue-La said that if the case is not so serious, they can find some medicine in
farm but if they want to see a doctor. Farm will arrange to that with 30 bath policy.
4. PMO informed that other consultant may come to see them again in next future to ask
for their living and working conditions and please feel free to inform
5. Mr. Santicho confirmed that they are happy to work here and no any problems
6. Meeting ended at 11.30PM
Recorded
by
Approved
by
Dr.
Sommai
Chatsanguthai
Dr.Arux
Chaiyakul
Project funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Japan Policy & Human Resources Development Fund (PHRD)