December 2006
River Basin Management Tools:
Training Courses in River Assessment
Final Report
AUTHORS
PREPARED BY:
AQEM Consultants
Schulung Fliessgewaesser GbR
Duisburg, Germany
AUTHORS:
Dr. Christian K. Feld
Dr. Armin Lorenz
Dr. Andrea Sundermann
Schulung
Fliessgewaesser
GbR
c/o Dr. Peter Rolauffs
Sanddornstr. 83
47269 Duisburg
Germany
AQEM Training Courses
page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 6
2.
WORK PROGRAMME .......................................................................................... 6
3.
THE AQEM TRAINING COURSE PROGRAMME.......................................................... 7
3.1.
DEVIATIONS FROM THE COURSE PROGRAMME ...................................................... 8
4.
FEEDBACK ....................................................................................................... 8
5.
RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 12
ANNEX 1
DETAILED COURSE PROGRAMME
ANNEX 2
PARTICIPANTS MISKOLC, HUNGARY (2830 JUNE 2006)
ANNEX 3
PARTICIPANTS CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA (2931 AUGUST 2006)
ANNEX 4
PARTICIPANTS BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA (1214 SEPTEMBER 2006)
ANNEX 5
CD-ROM WITH DETAILED COURSE MATERIALS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Dates, venues, trainers and delegates of the AQEM training courses. (Number of
participants per country given in brackets) .................................................................7
Table 2: Results of the feedback sessions (n.a. = no response on this issue)..........................9
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
AQEM Training Courses
page 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The AQEM training was organised in cooperation with the International Commission for the
Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), the UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Project (DRP) and the
local host organisations in Hungary (VITUKI, Water Resources Research Budapest), Romania
(Romanian Waters Authority) and Slovakia (VUVH, Slovak Water Research Institute). Special
thanks to Béla Csanyi and Andrea Zagyva (Hungary), Gabriel Chiriac and Claudia Pavelescu
(Romania) and Jarmila Markovinska (Slovakia) for their professional and invaluable support at
the venues. We really appreciate your effort!
Moreover, we are explicitly grateful to Birgit Vogel, Peter Whalley, Sylvia Koch and Viennelyn
Baba for their cooperation and extensive support on behalf of the ICPDR and DRP.
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 6
1.
INTRODUCTION
The WFD requires all Member States to develop and implement a range of WFD compliant
methods for assessing biological quality elements and the ecological status. In general, these
methods have not been in routine use in Danube Basin countries and there is a need to provide
a training course to ensure consistency of approach to the sampling and analysis of benthic
macroinvertebrate data. The compilation of consistent data is a crucial step in River Basin
Management and monitoring, as only comparable sets of biotic and abiotic data provide the
basis for a joint analysis. Methodological differences, i. e. sampling and sorting techniques and
identification levels inevitably introduce significant variability in datasets. This undesired
variability is considered `noise' and hampers the detection of the `signal', for example, the
biota's response to human impact or other stressors. By application of standardised sampling
and sample processing methods, the noise can be significantly reduced.
The AQEM training courses aimed at teaching such a standardised methodology for river
assessment by using benthic macroinvertebrates. The courses were given at three venues with
different groups of delegates representing a total of 13 Danube countries. The courses provided
both theoretical and practical training, the latter being demonstrated at 12 sites in the hosting
countries.
The consortium of AQEM consultants together with Schulung Fliessgewaesser GbR, Duisburg,
Germany, organised three training courses, each of which with a duration of three days, in
cooperation with the Danube Regional Project (DRP) and the International Commission for the
Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). A training course comprised training on i) sampling and
ii) processing macroinvertebrate samples, iii) identification of specimens, iv) preparation of
taxalists v) application of the AQEM assessment software `ASTERICS', vi) interpretation of
results, and vii)on common techniques to analyse multivariate data to support the interpretation
of results (compare Annex 1). The whole practical procedure was demonstrated and applied at
wadeable sampling sites in the field, which were previously selected by the host organisation. A
Multi-Habitat Sample was taken at each site and was used to demonstrate further sample
processing, i.e. lab sorting and identification. If feasible, an additional modified Multi-Habitat
Sample was taken at a partly or non- wadeable sampling site, for example, at a large, deep
and/or turbid river.
2.
WORK PROGRAMME
The work programme comprised three training courses given for participants from eleven GEF
eligible countries (alphabetical order): Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine (compare Table 1). The nomination
of delegates and the organisation of the training courses was lead by members of the
ICPDR/DRP and supported by the host organisations. Table 1 provides the list of training
courses, host organisations, and number of delegates per country. The overview shows that,
even if none of the course was given at full capacity, 38 out of 44 possible delegates
participated in the training courses (86 %).
The host organisations were also responsible for the practical organisation of the training
courses. In cooperation with the AQEM consultants, the course material was prepared and the
required equipment was compiled. The host organisation provided suited facilities for the
presentation of lectures and for the lab processing and identification of benthic
macroinvertebrate samples.
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses
page 7
Table 1: Dates, venues, trainers and delegates of the AQEM training courses. (Number
of participants per country given in brackets)
Course Date
Host
Venue
Participating
(trainers)
countries
1
2830 June
VITUKI Budapest, Hungary
Miskolc,
Hungary (4)
2006
Hungary
Bosnia (4)
(Feld/Lorenz)
Serbia (4)
2
2931 August
Romanian Waters Authority
Cluj-Napoca,
Romania (4)
2006
Somes-Tisa Water Directorate
Romania
Bulgaria (4)
(Feld/Sunder-
Moldova (4)
mann)
Ukraine (2)
3
1214 September VUVH Bratislava
Bratislava,
Slovakia (4)
20006
Slovakia
Slovenia (3)
(Sundermann) Czech
Republic (2)
Croatia (3)
The participants and detailed contact details are given in Annex 24.
3.
THE AQEM TRAINING COURSE PROGRAMME
The detailed course programme was discussed with the ICPDR/DRP and was finished prior to the
first training course in Hungary. The programme is given in Annex 1.
A training course comprised three full days divided into:
1.
one day theoretical background of methods and application
2.
one day practical demonstration and application in the field and
3.
one day dedicated to practical data analysis and interpretation, supplemented by
lectures on theoretical data preparation and common techniques of multivariate
analysis
The practical data analysis and interpretation was done with the AQEM assessment system
software `ASTERICS'. The latest version ASTERICS 3.1 was applied to the sample(s) taken
during the field trip of each training course. The application was shown step by step and
provided space for technical questions and general discussion of the method and the
interpretation of results. The programme, hence, covers both theoretical background and
practical application of the AQEM sampling and assessment method.
A handout was compiled individually to help the participants understanding the lectures easier.
The handout contained paper copies of all presentations to take quick notes and a CD-ROM with
additional material on the course, e.g. the software ASTERICS, examples of taxalists and journal
publications on the AQEM method. The comprehensive course material is attached electronically
on CD-ROM in Annex 5.
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 8
3.1. DEVIATIONS FROM THE COURSE PROGRAMME
During the first course in Miscolc, Hungary, only slight deviations from the scheduled course
programme were necessary because of a collapse of the power supply at the venue near Miskolc
on the first morning. The host organisation quickly arranged an alternative venue at the
Regional Inspectorate in Miskolc, which was used for the first morning session. The additional
arrangements caused only a slight delay, which was compensated during the entire training
course.
The second course in at Cluj-Napoca, Romania, was held as scheduled before.
For the last course in Bratislava, Slovakia, a considerable deviation from the scheduled
programme was necessary, as one of the trainers became ill shortly before the course. Instead
of postponing the course, the host organisation, the AQEM trainers and the ICPDR/DRP
organisers agreed on running the course with one trainer only. This circumstance required to
reschedule the course programme, however, the course contents remained unaffected. The first
day was split up into a theoretical morning and a practical afternoon session. For the afternoon
session, the field trip was brought forward. The second day was also split up into theoretical and
practical sessions. The programme for the third day nearly remained as scheduled.
4.
FEEDBACK
In order to evaluate the quality of the course and to find out whether the expectations of
delegates were covered sufficiently, a short feedback session closed each training course.
Several topics concerning the course contents and materials, for example, presentations, field
trip, Multi-Habitat Sampling, handout and field protocols were mentioned on a slide to stimulate
the discussion and to encourage the participants to give their feedback. A feedback summary is
given in Table 2.
During the first course, valuable feedback was given concerning the proportion of theoretical
background information (i. e. presentations) and analytical sections. The delegates would have
appreciated more practical analytical training, such as data analysis and interpretation using
standard multivariate analysis and basic statistical analysis (e.g., correlation and similarity
analysis). However, lessons on advanced statistical analysis were cut from the original four-day
programme, as the training courses had to fit into a three-day schedule. At the expense of
these lessons, more focus was laid on basic assessment and the rationale of multimetric
assessment systems instead.
During the second course in Romania, several participants responded the need of taxonomic
workshops, as the taxonomic state-of-the-art in eastern Europe is to be improved in terms of
taxonomical basics. Checklists of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna lack in many countries as
is also true for determination keys, particularly those on larval stages. Moreover, the
international exchange of taxonomic knowledge should be promoted in order to harmonise
taxonomies and to improve the international knowledge. According to many participants,
taxonomic basics were neglected too much in the past.
Besides some other minor recommendations, the overall feedback was very positive and
enthusiastic. The delegates found the course contents to be well balanced and extremely
valuable for fulfilling future monitoring tasks in their countries. They enjoyed the clear and
comprehensible presentations and the compact compilation of information. This includes the
printed handout (script) with all presentations and the CD-ROM that additionally provided
software, protocols, tools, manuals and publications addressing the AQEM method and related
projects (STAR).
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses
page 9
Table 2: Results of the feedback sessions (n.a. = no response on this issue)
Topic
Miskolc, Hungary
Cluj-Napoca,
Bratislava, Slovakia
Romania
Common feedback on course and organisation
Overall
good assessment method, good assessment
good assessment
assessment
but some participants
method
method, sorting of the
method
criticised MHS to oversee
material may take too
rare habitats and to yield
much time
much material,
Presentations
good and clear
good and clear
good and clear
presentations
presentations
presentations
Filed trip and
good field trip and clear
good field trip and
good field trip and clear
practical
demonstration of the
clear demonstration of demonstration of the
exercises
methods, some
the methods
methods
participants would have
liked more time to
demonstrate the method
in non-wadeable rivers
Balance of
good balance, starting
good balance
good balance
theory and
from theory over practical
practice
and going back to theory,
also good balance of
practice and discussion
Trainers
good and clearly speaking good and clearly
good and clearly speaking
trainers, open for
speaking trainers
trainer
discussion
Organisation
the participants explicitly acknowledged the organisers (ICPDR/DRP and host
organisation) for their joint effort to arrange the AQEM training courses
Future
some participants
some participants
further interest in
activities
mentioned their interest
mentioned their
national training courses
in national training
interest in national
to advise a larger group
courses to advise a larger training courses to
of national and regional
group of national and
advise a larger group
water researchers and
regional water
of national and
managers, participants
researchers and
regional water
stressed the need for
managers; the interest
researchers and
training courses of other
for an analytical
managers
biological quality
(statistical) workshop was
elements
high
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 10
Table 2, continued
Topic
Miskolc, Hungary
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bratislava, Slovakia
Detailed feedback on course contents
Typology
too much time spent on
clear and interesting
clear and interesting
typology, was already
presentation
presentation
well-known
Site selection
too much time spent on
n.a.
clear and interesting
site selection
presentation
Multi-Habitat
good method as it can be good method, also
good method,
Sampling
standardised, useful but
modification for non-
applicable in wadeable
rare habitats are
wadeable rivers, habitat
as well as in non-
overseen and much
estimation clear and
wadeable rivers,
material will be gathered
useful
enables a
and has to be sorted out
standardised sampling
Sub-sampling
good and practicable
practicable method, shall
good and practicable
and sorting
method to reduce time
be applied in future
method, although
and effort, but sub-
monitoring, however,
sorting was considered
sampling as shown may
destroys some specimens fairly time consuming
destroy animals and
and hampers
hamper proper
identification
identification
Identification
most participants like
very useful as the
very useful as the
identification to species
training course showed a
training course
level and yet apply it, but lack of taxonomical
showed a lack of
identification keys lack
knowledge in many
taxonomical
for many
countries (lack of
knowledge in many
macroinvertebrate
determination keys, etc.), countries (lack of
groups (larvae!), more
should be enhanced in
determination keys,
taxonomical effort is
the future (taxonomist's
etc.), should be
needed in all countries
workshops)
enhanced in the future
(taxonomist's
workshops)
ASTERICS
very good tool to
very good and interesting very good and
assessment
calculate the metrics and
tool, shall be applied for
interesting tool in
software
to assess rivers, helps
future monitoring
order to gain basic
interpretation of a
information for the
taxalist, shall be applied
assessment of
for future monitoring
streams
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses
page 11
Table 2, continued
Topic
Miskolc, Hungary
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bratislava, Slovakia
Detailed feedback on course contents, continued
Metric
n.a.
it was good to learn more very good for training
calculation
about the rationale of
the application of the
multimetric assessment
ASTERICS software
Multimetric
n.a. good good
Index
Interpretation
very useful and
n.a.
very useful in order to
of results
comprehensible
derive appropriate
mitigation measures
Multivariate
very useful and
very useful and important very useful and
statistics
important to understand
to understand the theory
important but to few
the theory behind
behind multimetric
presentations within
multimetric assessment,
assessment, should be
the three-day training
should be part of an
part of an additional
course, topic should
additional training course training course applying
be extended and
applying real monitoring
real monitoring data from participants should
data from participating
participating countries
have the possibility to
countries
do some exercises on
their own
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 12
5.
RECOMMENDATIONS
For transferring feedback into action, the AQEM trainers would like to state the following
recommendations to promote and support future river monitoring and assessment in the
Danube countries:
·
Irrespective of the monitoring method of choice, should the rationale of bio-
assessment be further trained to key persons, i.e. particular to regional biologists
responsible for the analysis and summary of regional monitoring programmes (usually based at
inspectorates, directorates or national authorities). This includes multivariate statistical analysis
to identify environmental impacts and to support the proper interpretation of results.
· An
additional
data analysis and interpretation training course should be organised
to train analytical biologists in analysis their own (national/regional) data. This refers to any
kind of bio-assessment, to different biological quality elements (BQE), and to typological
aspects, such as the validation of abiotically-derived (top-down) typologies using biological data
(bottom-up). The validation is crucial for the development and application of bio-assessment
systems and should be finished before assessment systems are developed! But, at present, the
validation of river typologies is an exception within the Danube catchment.
·
Data storage and fosterage may become a problem, where appropriate concepts lack at
the time the monitoring programmes start. As future monitoring data will definitely be
necessary to develop and refine (existing) bio-assessment approaches, the data should be
handled in a way that makes analysis most comfortable and easy. This includes the necessity to
harmonise storage systems at national and international levels, if data analysis is run at these
levels. At the moment, we do not see this requirement, i.e. a joint database, to be fulfilled.
·
Many Danube countries provide excellent taxonomic expertise. The taxonomic tradition
in, for example, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Ukraine is deeply associated with
research at the species level. But species-level research requires a good and sound knowledge
of the species and their ecological background, in particular on the determination of the
different stages: eggs, larvae, nymphs, pupae, adults. As numerous participants of the training
courses responded the need to foster and enhance taxonomic knowledge in the Danube
countries, we recommend to initiate a taxonomic workshop. The workshop should aim two
major objectives, i.e. to provide a forum for taxonomists to exchange their knowledge and to
set up a network of taxonomists to coordinate and promote future activities on taxonomy.
·
Even if cross-border coordination is already extensively taking place in eastern Europe
(Romanian and Moldovan biologists responsible for the cross-border Prut river basin jointly
participated in the second training course!), there should be a consistent institution available for
coordinating the implementation in the Danube countries. The institution (secretariat) should
provide knowledge and funding to frequently bring together water managers and monitoring
biologists. The institution should aim at coordinating the "working level", i.e. the level that
includes field and lab work and appropriate scientists from regional water authorities and labs,
respectively.
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses Annexes
page 13
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1
DETAILED COURSE PROGRAMME
ANNEX 2
PARTICIPANTS MISKOLC, HUNGARY (2830 JUNE 2006)
ANNEX 3
PARTICIPANTS CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA (2931 AUGUST 2006)
ANNEX 4
PARTICIPANTS BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA (1214 SEPTEMBER 2006)
ANNEX 5
CD-ROM WITH DETAILED COURSE MATERIALS
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
AQEM Training Courses Annexes
page 15
ANNEX 1
DETAILED COURSE PROGRAMME
1st day
09:00 Introduction
09:30
Stream typology, selection of sampling sites
-
River typology according to the WFD
-
The Danube river section types, national stream typologies
-
How to assign the appropriate stream type?
-
How to determine an appropriate and representative sampling
stretch?
10:30 Tea/coffee
break
11:00
Sampling, sorting, sample processing
-
Field Multi-Habitat Sampling (MHS): Equipment, habitat estimation,
allocation of sample units, hand-net sampling, particularities,
regional adaptations, sampling protocol
-
Lab sample processing: Equipment, sorting, sub-sampling, sorting
protocol
13:00 Lunch
14:00 Identification
-
Equipment, identification keys
-
The operational (standardised) taxa list minimum and maximum
demands on specialists for identification
-
Data handling (storage, software), preparation of taxa lists,
demands of the assessment software
15:00 Tea/coffee
break
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 16
15:30
Multimetric assessment and assessment software
-
General concept and development of the multimetric assessment
system (AQEM/UBA, Germany)
-
Examples of different taxa and taxonomical groups, ecological
information, species traits, indicative potential as a basis for
(multimetric) assessment systems
-
Design and application of the AQEM European stream assessment
program, Version 3.11
-
Interpretation of assessment results
17:00 Repetition
and
Discussion
18:00
End of 1st day
19:00 Dinner
2nd day
07:30
Field trip to a common stream type
-
Sampling, sampling protocol, pre-sorting
-
Sampling exercise (sample will be processed later on in the lab)
12:00 Lunch
13:00 Lab
sorting
-
Sample processing and sorting in the lab, sub-sampling
14:30
Determination of the sample taken in the morning
(all participants together)
-
Joint determination of the (sub-sampled) sample
15:00 Tea/coffee
break
1 The current version ASTERICS 3.1 (former AQEM European assessment software) is available
for free at http://www.fliessgewaesserbewertung.de (Short registration may be needed for
download to ensure proper support.) ASTERICS is the AQEM/STAR Ecological River Classification
System.
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses Annexes
page 17
16:00 Multimetric
assessment
-
Run of the AQEM software ASTERICS
-
Interpretation of assessment results and further interpretation of
metrics
-
Assessment and interpretation of further examples
18:00 Repetition
and
Discussion
18:30
End of 2nd day
19:30 Dinner
3rd day
08:00
Continuation of sorting, identification (previous day), assessment
-
preparation of taxa list
-
calculation of metrics and indexes with ASTERICS 3.0
10:30 Tea/coffee
break
11:00
Overview of data exploration methods and multivariate data analysis
-
Simple classification and ordination
-
Ordination of abiotic data Principle Components Analysis (PCA)
-
Ordination of biotic data Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling
(NMS)
12:30 Lunch
13:30 Analysis:
Examples
-
Top-down-bottom-up stream typology Germany. (NMS)
-
Common gradient analysis to identify stressors and their impact.
(PCA)
-
Identification of hydromorphological degradation (gradient
analysis). (PCA)
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
page 18
15:00 Tea/coffee
break
15:30
Development of a multimetric index
-
Correlation analysis and graphical validation
-
Candidate and core metrics
-
Definition of class boundaries (percentiles, anchor points, etc.)
-
Normalisation and combination into multimetric index
16:30 Final
discussion
17:00
End of course
FLIESSGEWAESSERBEWERTUNG GBR, FELD ET AL.
AQEM Training Courses Annexes
page 19
ANNEX 2
PARTICIPANTS MISKOLC, HUNGARY (2830 JUNE
2006)
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page 24
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page 25
ANNEX 5
CD-ROM WITH DETAILED COURSE MATERIALS
UNDP/GEF DANUBE REGIONAL PROJECT
