Figure 4.4: CCA diagram for Deterioration of Water Quality in the Kura-Aras Rivers Basin

Impacts


Text Box: Primary (immediate) causes
1. Diffuse pollution from improper application of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
2. Point and diffuse pollution of manure/slurry from stock farms



Primary (immediate) causes

1. Municipal Discharges

2. Solid waste disposal along riversides and in rivers

3. Run-off from urban areas

4. Pollution of drinking water in the distribution network

Primary (immediate) causes

1. Discharge of untreated and not fully treated wastewater from industry

2. Land contamination from accidental spills and hazardous waste

3. Discharge of wastewater from mining enterprises


Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Inadequate waste management
2. Lack of storage facilities for liquid and solid wastes
3. Inefficient agricultural practices
4. Intensive livestock production
5. Low awareness of farmers on sound land management
5. Lack of “Best Management practices” in agriculture



Socio-economic, legal and political Root causes

1. Weak environmental policy and regulations related to industrial pollution prevention and control

2. Absence or poor monitoring of pollution

3. Lack of permitting regulations

4. Lack of regulatory enforcement mechanisms

5. Low level of public awareness and lack of public participation

6. Poor knowledge of benefits of cleaner production and best practices

Socio-economic, legal and political Root causes

1. Weak policy and regulations related to application of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides

2. Weak developed legislation and enforcement mechanisms related to the use of pesticides and fertilizers

3. Low awareness of farmers on the negative impacts of application of fertilizers, pest and herbicides

4. Lack of administrative framework to manage and evaluate diffuse sources of pollution from agriculture


Over-arching Root Causes

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