Figure 4.2: CCA Diagram for the Transboundary Problem: Variation and Reduction of Hydrological Flow in the Kura-Aras River Basin

Impacts


Text Box: Socio-economic, legal and political Root Causes
1. Absence of incentives for rational use of water (Lack of water meters for metering water consumption, low tariffs on water and low level of collection of water fees – poor enforcement of user pays principle)
2. Lack of investment in water saving technology
3. Low awareness of industry regarding water saving technologies and poor knowledge of benefits of cleaner production and best practices
4. Lack of integrated approach in water resources management 
5. Increased industrial activities




Text Box: Primary (immediate) causes
1. Water withdrawal for industry and hydropower generation
2. Increased demand on water in industry 
3. Low water use efficiency per production unit

Text Box: Primary (immediate) causes
1. Water extraction for drinking purposes
2. Losses in supply (poor condition of drinking water supply systems
3. Wasteful use of available drinking water 



Primary (immediate) causes

1. Water withdrawal for irrigation

2. Deforestation

3. Losses in irrigation systems (poor condition of irrigation systems and facilities)

4. Application of low efficiency irrigation methods (flood irrigation)

5. Inefficient irrigation practices (e.g. flood irrigation)

Natural causes

1. Natural Causes including those related to climate Change


Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Highly water intensive industry
2. Low level implementation of water saving technologies
3. Low level of investments in operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure
4. Intensification of manufacturing activities
5. Increased demand on energy Increased demand for hydropower generation (thermal and hydro energy)




Underlying causes

  1. Low level of investments in maintenance and development of irrigation systems
  2. Unavailability of efficient irrigation technologies
  3. Irrigation land extension
  4. See underlying causes of deforestation in CCA on ecosystem degradation

5. Increased demand on irrigation water
Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Low level of investments in maintenance and development of water supply systems
2. Inadequate technology and poor infrastructure of the water supply system
3. Population growth and low rates of access to drinking water
4. Increased demand on drinking water 



Over-arching Root Causes

Text Box: Socio-economic, legal and political Root Causes

1. Lack of adequate finances 
2. Absence of incentives for rational us of drinking water (Lack of water meters for metering water consumption by the population, low tariffs on drinking water and low level of collection of water fees – poor enforcement of user pays principle)
3. Low level of urban and rural community mobilization for the management of water supply systems
4. Undeveloped network of peoples’ awareness (absence of information provision on the importance of efficient use of drinking water)
5. Lack of integrated approach in water resources management
6. Improving life standards of basin population


Socio-economic, legal and political Root Causes

1. Lack of adequate finances for rehabilitation/construction of the reservoirs for irrigation and irrigation systems

2. Lack of integrated planning of water use in the basin

3. Absence of incentives for introduction of new water saving technologies (unavailability of water meters, low tariffs on irrigation water)

4. Low awareness of population of modern irrigation practices

5. Low level of rural community mobilization for the management of irrigation systems;

6. Undeveloped network of farmer awareness (absence of information provision to farmers on efficient agricultural practices)

7. Development of agriculture and extension of agriculture activities

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