Figure 4.7: CCA Diagram for the Transboundary Problem: Ecosystem Degradation in the Kura-Aras River Basin

Text Box: Impacts


Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Fishing as a source of income and subsistence
2. Hunting as a wide-spread leisure 


Text Box: Primary causes
1. Overgrazing
2. Soil erosion due to unsustainable cultivation of land
3. Deforestation
4. Soil pollution from agricultural practices
Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Increase of cattle stock
2. Unsustainable pasture land management 
3. Improper use of herb- and pesticides and fertilizers
4. Use of forbidden fertilizers and herb- and pesticides


Underlying causes

1. Increased demand on timber for export

2. Increased demand on timber for local use as energy source

3. Increased demand on construction materials

4. Unsustainable forestry practices


Text Box: Primary causes
1. Overuse of irrigation water and inefficient irrigation practices (mainly is applied only flood irrigation)
2. Water loss
Text Box: Underlying causes
1. Unavailability of new efficient irrigation technologies 
2. Poor condition of irrigation systems and facilities 
3. Lack of on – farm infrastructures (sub surface drainage,..)



Over-arching Root Causes


Text Box: Socio-economic, legal, institutional and political Root causes
1. Low level of fines for law breaking
2. Weak enforcement mechanisms (weak institutional capacities of environmental authorities to control fishing and hunting)
3. Lack of sustainable special planning
4. Lack of public awareness/ social responsibility for illegal hunting/fishing


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