Required Annexes

ANNEX A


INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS

Broad Development Goal

This project aims to address the common coastal and watershed management issues experienced by 13
GEF-eligible small island developing states within the Caribbean region. Although these 13 countries
are quite diverse in their social and political structure and origins, they share a common interest and
concern in managing their coastal and watershed resources. Nowhere is this more apparent than in their
support for such regional agreements as the Convention for Protection and Development of the Marine
Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartagena Convention) and the Convention on
Biological Diversity. The Caribbean SIDS are also partners in a post-WSSD regional initiative called
White Water to Blue Water (WW2BW) the aim of which its to stimulate partnerships that promote
integrated watershed and marine ecosystem-based management in support of sustainable development
in four focal problem areas (watersheds, marine ecosystems, marine transportation, tourism). This
initiative plans to identify gaps and new opportunities, promote an active exchange of ideas and
information, rely on lessons learned, improve collaboration and communication, and to build on
existing partnerships, mechanisms, and organizations.

Critical environmental and economic resources are currently at stake within the Caribbean. These
include important national and regional fisheries, along with the coral reefs and coral sand beaches, all
of which represent an important global biodiversity element, and all of which combine to make the
Caribbean a prime vacation destination within the Americas. Each country has provided national
reports on water resources and coastal areas as part of the PDF B process. Participating nations were
fairly consistent in their identification of the major threats to the management of watersheds and
coastal areas. The primary threats are related to pollution, land-use patterns, inappropriate development
practices, over-exploitation and poor management of natural resources (particularly freshwater), and
the competing interests of different stakeholder groups over such limited resources. Opportunities for
economic development in the Caribbean SIDS are often limited and the economic dependence on
international tourism and agricultural exports is unusually high.

The Caribbean islands are also acutely conscious of concerns related to fisheries and open water
marine resources per se. However, such concerns are being addressed through another GEF initiative
which will focus on the Caribbean as a Large Marine Ecosystem. Furthermore, the Caribbean SIDS are
all-too-aware of the threat to their welfare and livelihoods presented by the long-term effects of climate
change and associated sea level rise. Once again, these issues are being addressed by yet another GEF
regional project which seeks to mainstream adaptations to climate changes within the islands.

The overall consequence of current economic development practices and associated threats to
watershed and coastal resources and ecosystems is a growing concern for both terrestrial and marine
biodiversity within the region (much of which is endemic at the national and regional level), along
with an equal concern for the overall welfare of the Caribbean ecosystems in the context of
transboundary stresses from land-based and coastal pollutants and from regional over-exploitation of
natural resources, coastal and freshwater resources.


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The broad development environmental goal of this project is to achieve a sustainable
balance between development and the protection/conservation of coastal and watershed
resources by integration and coordination of management and planning approaches.

BASELINE

Inadequate and ineffective management of land and water resources within the Caribbean SIDS is
threatening the welfare of globally-important biodiversity and biological ecosystems.

The Caribbean nations occupy a region of the world in which providing adequate supplies of
freshwater presents a substantial challenge to local governments. The region is highly dependent on
intermittent rainfall to replenish groundwater supplies. Changing rainfall patterns often result in
interspersed severe droughts followed by increased flooding and inundation. Sea level rise, coupled
with over-extraction, is resulting in saltwater intrusion, which is impairing the water quality of public
water supplies. Poor land use planning and soil management in watersheds reduce freshwater capturing
capacity (while threatening to contaminate water supplies), and affect coastal water quality and aquatic
biodiversity. The excessive use of agrochemicals coupled with soil erosion due to poor land-use are
generally considered the main causes for deterioration of water quality and public health. This
problem is exacerbated by poor management of supply and demand in the face of water shortages
(often as a result of the lack of adequate staffing levels along with insufficient technical and financial
management skills), inadequate or absent pricing and tariff policies, and a lack of incentive for more
efficient water usage and management. Institutional fragmentation, inadequate policies, funding,
institutional constraints and lack of an integrated approach all act to compound these problems.

Demand for more land for development on small islands is creating serious conflict at the socio-
economic and political level, which in turn have causal linkages to the obvious environmental and
sustainable development problems of biological habitat degradation and destruction. Approaches to
land use and management practices involve issues of land tenure, traditional use and economic
livelihood. Many farmers hesitate from using sustainable farming techniques, which may be due to
insecurity over land rights, as well as limited economic resources and lack of knowledge.

Coastal degradation and erosion is being exacerbated by inappropriate and misplaced development
practices as well as extraction activities such as sand-mining. The end result is the destruction of
critically-important biological habitat types such as mangrove, seagrass beds and coral reefs, as well as
exposure of the coastal hinterland to wave action and storm surge.

Increased solid and liquid pollution are a result of rapid population growth and urbanization.
Wastewater treatment facilities are inadequate in many locations and indiscriminate waste disposal and
unlined landfills allow hazardous leachates to enter the groundwater. Inadequately treated sewage
waste contributes to health-related problems but also represents a hazard with respect to changes to
biological community structure. Furthermore, the implications to fisheries, both from the point-of-view
of health problems and catch reduction, are a serious human concern. The industrial sector frequently
discharges untreated effluent directly into rivers and/or storage in unlined holding ponds. Industrial
pollution is a particularly pressing problem for the larger countries including Trinidad and Tobago,
Jamaica, Guyana and the Dominican Republic, given their comparatively higher level of
industrialisation.

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Caribbean Governments have at various times registered strong concern over the state of the
environment, along with a commitment to arrest the causes of environmental degradation both at the
national and regional level. As such, the leaders of all Caribbean Governments without exception have,
through various pronouncements (such as those made at the UNCED and UNSIDS) and subsequent
actions, conveyed a keen appreciation of the inextricable linkages between environment and
development. Generally, Caribbean Governments have tried, with limited resources, to meet the many
commitments that they have given to embrace the concept of sustainable development.

In 1981, with assistance from UNEP under its Regional Seas Programme, the various countries of the
wider Caribbean region established the Caribbean Environment Programme and adopted the Caribbean
Action Plan in 1981 to address environment and resource protection and development in the coastal
area. The programme objectives embraced by the Caribbean Action Plan include: assistance to all
countries of the region, recognising the special situation of the smaller islands; strengthening existing
national and sub-regional institutions; co-ordination of international assistance activities; technical co-
operation in the use of the region's human, financial and natural resources. As the increasing pollution
of coastal and marine areas in the Wider Caribbean Region has become more apparent, legal
instruments focusing on the reduction, abatement and control of coastal marine degradation in the
region have been put in place.

The only regional legal instrument for the wider Caribbean is the Cartagena Convention (Convention
for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Region),
which was adopted in 1983 and came into force in 1986. Under the Convention, the contracting parties
agreed to prevent, reduce, and control pollution from ships, land-based sources, air-borne sources, and
sea-bed activities. The Convention also commits the parties to preservation of unique and fragile
ecosystems and habitats of endangered species. More specifically, under General Obligations in
Article 4 of the Convention, Contracting Parties are obligated to ...ensure sound environmental
management, using for this purpose the best practicable means at their disposal... The same Article
further states that Parties shall endeavour to harmonise their policies in this regard and that they will
cooperate regionally for the effective implementation of the Convention. Ten of the 13 project
participatory countries are Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention (1983). Three Protocols
give effect to the Convention: the 1983 Oil Spills Protocol, the 1990 Specially Protected Areas and
Wildlife (SPAW) Protocol, and the 1999 Land-based Sources of Marine Pollution (LBS) Protocol. The
implementation of these Protocols provides the focus for co-operative action. The protocols are:


· The Protocol (to the Cartagena Convention) Concerning Cooperation in Combating Oil
Spills (adopted in 1983). Pursuant to this Protocol, the countries of the Eastern Caribbean have
collaborated, with assistance from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in preparing
an oil spill contingency plan for cooperating in the event of a major oil spill. The plan
establishes policy and addresses the responsibility of participating states in response operations,
requests for assistance, mutual cooperation, and the use of dispersants. The proposed GEF
project will add further support to this agreement on cooperation by providing closer
collaboration and coordination of management, along with more effective sharing of data and
regional human resources.


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· The Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) to the
Cartagena Convention (signed in Jamaica in 1990). This framework for coordinated regional
action on protected areas and biodiversity is designed to create a network of national parks and
protected areas (including coastal and marine parks and protected areas) in the Wider
Caribbean Region and to provide mechanisms to encourage and support their establishment and
management. The proposed GEF project will provide support through a better understanding of
the current threats and the status of habitats, and the sharing of this information on a regional
basis so as to better define the priority needs for protection of species and biodiversity.

· Recognising the significance of terrestrial and watershed impacts on the coastal area, and after
years of negotiations, the Contracting Parties adopted the Protocol Concerning Pollution
from Land-Based Sources and Activities (LBS Protocol) to the Cartagena Convention on 6
October 1999. 16 Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention signed the Final Act of the
LBS Protocol. The final Protocol, as adopted, is perhaps the most significant global agreement
of its kind with the inclusion of regional effluent limitations for domestic wastewater (sewage)
and requiring specific plans to address agricultural non-point sources. Specific schedules for
implementation have also been included in the Protocol. Article III on General Obligation
states that Parties will ...use the most appropriate technology and management approaches,
such as integrated coastal area management. The LBS Protocol also elaborates on regional
cooperation for monitoring and assessment, stakeholder participation and education and
awareness, all of which have significant roles in the proposed project.


However, despite these very real legal commitments to from the countries of the region, the concepts
and objectives of such regional agreements are rarely captured effectively under national policies and
legislation, and existing practices for coastal and watershed management are generally out-of-date and
uncoordinated. In the absence of any integrated planning and management approaches Caribbean
countries suffer from a profusion and redundancy of institutions, jurisdictions and legislated
responsibilities dealing with various aspects of resource management, and resulting in the development
and implementation of policies and programmes in isolation from one another. This has encouraged a
compartmentalised and isolated approach to environmental management. Furthermore, there has been
a notable absence of any realistic involvement of civil society in sustainable development initiatives,
accompanied by an overall lack of understanding and awareness of the principles of sustainable
development and the inseparable linkages between environment, social and economic issues.

Vital improvements to human resource development are necessary. These include the development of
mechanisms for greater technical cooperation between the regional SIDS; increased training of
personnel in critical planning and management areas (e.g. water resources, EIA, community resource
management, legislation, etc); improvements to national and regional educational curricula to reflect a
more updated approach to planning and management, and; the development of policies which will
encourage the retention of trained expertise within the region. It must also be noted that the small size
of the island populations generally results in manpower limitations in terms of qualified experts
available to manage resources on a sustainable basis. Regional approaches that strengthen the sharing
of experience and expertise are therefore of critical importance.

The countries of the region need to adopt a more sustainable and economically realistic approach to the
valuation and management of their resources. In general, there is no practice of transfer of benefits, so

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the main productive sectors do not contribute to environmental maintenance and waste management
costs, in proportion to their reliance on the natural resource base. The Tourism industry impacts
freshwater resources through clearance of vegetation (leading to flooding, soil erosion, destruction of
terrestrial habitats, and poor aquifer recharge), and through a greater demand for freshwater for
irrigation and washing (which contributes to over-extraction from aquifers and the rapid depletion of
surface resources). In addition, wastes from the tourist industry are frequently responsible for
contamination of the watershed and coastal areas.

The combination of these particular environmental, social and economic characteristics makes it
imperative that issues of freshwater resources management and related coastal water quality and
biodiversity are addressed in an integrated manner (through multi-sectoral planning and management
of island ecosystems) and that sectoral policies and activities are modified to sustain and protect both
freshwater supplies and coastal and marine aquatic resources.

The absence of a coordinated and integrated management approach is causing the very real loss of
important biological habitats and communities, which have been shown to be of global significance.
Without the proposed necessary modifications to policies and attitudes, the sustainability of these
globally important biological resources and related ecosystem functions, is at best questionable and, at
worst, a lost cause. Furthermore, the lack of such management approaches at both a national and
regional level is encouraging uncontrolled land-based sources of pollution from the watersheds, into
the coastal waters and the wider Caribbean Sea area. It is against this background that support for the
sustainable use of watersheds and coastal areas can be seen to be both essential and vital.

Detailed Analyses of the national and regional baselines delivers a baseline figure for the entire project
of $954,214,303. Table A.1 shows the breakdown of the baseline by component relative to the
countries, agencies and regional bodies:


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TABLE A.1: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL BASELINE-COMPONENT ESTIMATES FOR
IWCAM


Demonstration, Development
Policy,
Regional and
Regional
All
Capture and
Of IWCAM
Legislation
National
Project
Components
Transfer of Process, Stress
and
Capacity
Management
COUNTRIES
Best Practices Reduction and Institutional Building and
and
Environmental
Reform
Sustainability Coordination
Status
Indicators
ORIGIN
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
Antigua & Barbuda
$50,000
$40,000
$127,000
$140,000
$290,000
$647,000
Bahamas
$30,000
$1,978,000
$493,000
$1,030,000
$876,430
$4,407,430
Barbados
$35,000
$2,000
$84,000
$25,000
$40,000
$186,000
Cuba
$135,000
$1,296,000
$2,410,600
$161,000
$300,000
$4,302,600
Dominica
$12,000
$307,200
$657,408
$607,614
$201,852
$1,786,074
Dominican Republic
$2,000,000
$12,100,000
$85,700,000
$616,900,000
$500,000 $717,200,000
Grenada
$12,000
$8,000
$11,000
$13,000
$10,000
$54,000
Haiti





$0
Jamaica
$615,450
$166,200
$2,573,800
$45,206,900
$81,000 $48,643,350
St Kitts & Nevis
$0
$2,200
$7,550
$55,000
$1,680
$66,430
St Lucia
$21,567,789
$406,254
$8,404,751
$28,206,461
$633,153 $59,218,408
St Vincent & Grenadines
$5,000
$60,000
$201,000
$22,000
$110,600
$398,600
Trinidad & Tobago
$18,224,200
$11,308,894
$992,582
$57,441,167
$1,532,672 $89,499,515
UNDP
$350,000
$544,619
$188,679
$7,578,441
$471,300
$9,133,039
UNEP
$268,600
$311,135
$662,500
$10,590,552
$25,000 $11,857,787
Intergovernmental
$994,450
$1,343,940
$678,290
$2,020,330
$457,260
$5,494,270
NGOs
$18,500
$70,000
$111,000
$1,052,300
$68,000
$1,319,800
TOTAL
$44,317,989
$29,944,442
$103,303,160
$771,049,765
$5,598,947 $954,214,303


Global Environmental Objectives

As a result of the relatively small geographic area of these islands, most of the critically important
coastal habitats are located in close proximity to terrestrial habitats, watersheds and their related
threats. In essence this frequently means that what represents a threat to the terrestrial environment,
and within the watershed, also represents a threat to the marine environment. The uniqueness of both
the marine (coastal and offshore) and the terrestrial (watershed) environment has been discussed and
justified in the main document under Global Significance. Although over 13 percent of the world's
coral reefs are found in this region and although some 30% of these are now considered to be at high
risk from anthropogenic threats, funding for their conservation and management has been minimal.
The freshwater ecosystems, although incredibly unique and more threatened that the terrestrial
ecosystems, have also been under-represented in terms of protection and donor funding. For example,
if the total funding for conservation projects within the entire Latin America and Caribbean region
between 1990 and 1997 is analysed, it can be seen that the percentage of funds allocated to the 13

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Caribbean SIDS participating in this project amounts to less than 4% of total donor funding throughout
the entire region throughout that period1.

This project is the result of a commitment by the 13 participatory SIDS of the Caribbean Region to
resolve the concerns regarding the inadequate and inappropriate approaches to sustainable
development and natural resource management. Specifically the countries would wish to seek support
in the development of a more integrated approach to coastal and watershed issues, processes and policy
development. The direct causal linkages between the threats to the coastal and watershed environment
and socio-economic/political issues are recognised. The need to address these linkages and the root
causes in a sustainable manner at the socio-economic and policy level is paramount.

By implementing the project activities the country of the region will significantly contribute to the
protection of globally-significant biodiversity within the Caribbean region through the long-term
sustainable management of biological resources and ecosystems, while mitigating or eliminating
regional transboundary threats to those resources and ecosystems.

This project will create the necessary conditions and framework for concerted actions to protect
globally important environmental resources. The present project is consistent with the GEF
Operational Strategy of April 1996, specifically with the GEF's strategic emphasis on International
Waters and Biodiversity, as well as April 1997 GEF Operational Programme (#9) for integrated land
and water multiple focal area; contaminant-based, and coastal and freshwater ecosystems. The project
will incorporate the priorities delineated in the relevant environmental agreements to which any or all
of the participating countries are involved.

The latest GEF Business plan from 2003 recognises the concerns and requirements highlighted during
the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. GEF notes that the International Waters focal
area will place greater emphasis on implementation while expanding coverage of GEF assistance to
other transboundary water bodies. In particular certain strategic priorities represent an evolution of the
international waters programme. These include (a) Catalyze Financial Resource Mobilization - to
implement stress reduction measures and policy/legal/institutional reforms agreed through TDA-SAP
or equivalent processes; (b) Expand Global Coverage to Other Transboundary Waterbodies - to
undertake crosscutting and foundational capacity building needed to facilitate initial multicountry
collaboration and complement this with targeted learning; (c) Undertake Innovative Demonstrations ­
to reduce contaminants and address water scarcity issues. These GEF policies are very relevant in the
development of the current project objectives and outputs.

GEF PROJECT ALTERNATIVE

Under the alternative GEF scenario, IWCAM approaches and planning procedures will be re-shaped
and strategies re-defined for the greater benefit of long-term sustainability of resources and biological
diversity. Sectoral coordination and networking will be essential to this process, both at the national
and the regional level. Progress and efficiency will be carefully monitored and the project realigned to
capture best lessons and practices as necessary. The incremental cost of the alternative activities of this

22 Castro, G., and I Locker. 2000. Mapping Conservation Investments: An Assessment of Biodiversity Funding in Latin
America and the Caribbean. 80pp. Washington, D.C.: Biodiversity Support Programme.

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project will ensure that all plans and investments will be designed with global environmental
considerations in mind.

Demonstration activities will be a principal element employed in the capture and transfer of lessons
and best practices both nationally and regionally. Through a rigorous process of transparent selection,
the project development phase has identified 9 eligible and replicable Demonstration projects
throughout the participatory countries that will nest within the main project. The outputs and outcomes
from these demonstrations are linked logically into the other Components dealing with information
transfer, partnership forums for replication, and most importantly into a Component that will use the
lessons and practise to develop and drive policy and legislative reform, as well as to advise on
institutional realignment of IWCAM coupled with capacity-building and training.

Countries will be provided with assistance to undertake these alternative (See Table A.2 below for
requested GEF funding) IWCAM approaches through the following project components:

Component 1 will focus on specific national/regional hotspots and the IWCAM issues and barriers
that prevail within those specific areas. The Demonstration Projects will aim to demonstrate actual
working examples of IWCAM within a defined watershed and/or coastal system boundary, addressing
priority issues as identified in the root cause analysis, and priority areas as identified by national
Hotspot assessments. These demonstration activities constitute a major focus of the project and will
deliver real global benefits within the participating countries through the selection and implementation
of actual `on-the-ground' activities to support and promote IWCAM through practice, experience and
transfer of lessons and knowledge. Critical to this component is the capture and replication of best
practices and appropriate technological and conceptual solutions.

The principal global significance of Component 1, therefore, will be to show actual demonstrations of
IWCAM. Such demonstration will not only help to develop and identify applied and appropriate
technology, but will also aim to capture workable approaches to policy and legislative reforms to alter
and improve the IWCAM `landscape'. It is intend that these lessons and best practices will also be
globally transferable to better facilitate the management and conservation of other globally significant
biodiversity.

Component 2 focuses on the development of indicators of process (PI), stress reduction (SRI) and
environmental status (ESI). Such measurable indicators are essential both to ensure A. that changes to
the IWCAM `landscape' are actually driving improvements with respect to the primary impacts, threat
and root causes, and B. to provide reliable and irrefutable information to justify policy decisions and to
realign legislation in support of IWCAM. Countries will be given assistance to develop workable
indicators and to establish national programmes for indicator measurement. This will be linked to
specific problems associated with identified national hotspots and sensitive areas (so that the indicators
address the actual issues and needs). This strategy will aim to deliver real linkages between actual
ground measurements of IWCAM impacts and threats, policy and legislative amendments to address
those threats, and on-going monitoring to show positive feedback from such amendments reflected as
improvements within the IWCAM `landscape'. There is an urgent need to develop such a mechanism
of linkages for IWCAM, both in the Caribbean SIDS and throughout global coastal and watershed
systems. There are clear opportunities to establish valuable and transferable lessons in support of this

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process. Within the regional project this component is critical to the promotion and implementation of
vital reforms in policy and legislation.

Component 3 links and builds on components 1 and 2. This component is the core development and
delivery point for policy, legislation and institutional reforms. The component aims to build on
information provided by the indicators showing the environmental problems, successful improvements
to these problems, and monitoring of the process that drives these improvements (all of which are
elements of Component 2), and to link these to pertinent lessons and best practices for improvement
developed from the Demonstration Projects in Component . Using this approach, models and
guidelines for reform can be delivered at the national level. The regional process of policy reform will
be an active rather than a passive initiative, with the IWCAM regional project identifying incentives
and providing resources to assist in the process. An essential element of this component will be the
requirement to incorporate the aims and intentions of such regional Agreements as the Cartagena
Convention and its protocols within national policy and legislative reform. A strong element of general
public awareness, as well as policy-level sensitisation will be critical to the success of this component.
The regional and global significance of this within the GEF Alternative is apparent. Improvements to
policies and legislation in support of IWCAM have evident benefits within GEF's global objectives.
Encapsulation within national laws of the concepts and aims of critical regional and global multilateral
agreements in support of environmental issues and sustainable development will be an enormous step
in support of both the project's objectives and those of GEF at the global level.

Component 4 aims to achieve long-term sustainability for management and protection of globally
significant biodiversity and for mitigation of transboundary IWCAM issues. This component captures
the need identified under component 3 for greater awareness of IWCAM issues across all sectors, but
particularly at the policy level. It also provides the opening for stakeholder input and involvement
which will be essential to promote `ownership' of the project objectives. The component recognises
the need for capacity building. through training and education, to provide the institutional strength to
ensure long-term implementation and sustainability of IWCAM objectives. The intention is that the
countries and their partners (private sector, regional and international IGOs and NGOs, etc) should,
through a partnership of common interest and concern, work together to develop a long-term
sustainable strategy for IWCAM at the regional level, and in support of national IWCAM initiatives.
On a practical level, this will require the development of incentives, mechanisms for the transfer of
benefits (through the development of a `Beneficiary-Pays' formula), identification of long-term
funding mechanisms (also at the national and regional level), etc. An essential support system for this
will be through project networking at the level of national and regional institutions as well as with
other IWCAM-related projects. The natural evolution of this process will be through a Partnership
Forum which would be established and implemented through this component. Finally, the component
will support sustainability through the development of an IWCAM Information Clearing House with
an intended life-time beyond the life of the project.

The overall aim of this component, with respect to global significance, will be to develop an active and
functional environment for regional intergovernmental coordination and management of IWCAM
issues for the better management and conservation of significant biodiversity and the removal of
transboundary threats (e.g. land-based sources of pollution, over-fishing, etc) within the region. Within
this process, priority areas of concern will be identified and activities will be implemented to guide
countries of the region in mitigating and resolving barriers to IWCAM. Other SIDS and other countries

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with globally significant biodiversity and transboundary issues share many of these barriers and can
therefore benefit from activities. The GEF-related regional and global benefits from this component
can be summarised quite simply under the need to ensure the long-term continuation of the IWCAM
objective within the Caribbean SIDS thereby realising and protecting the GEF investment. However,
there will also no doubt be valuable lessons and demonstrations arising from the component on the
implementation of networking approaches and partnership fora (as well as other mechanisms in
support of sustainability) which will be transferable to other global situations.

Component 5 will address regional project management and coordination. This component
encapsulates the project management requirements for this regional initiative. It delivers day-to-day
management needs through a Project Coordinating Unit (supported by management guidance from the
Implementing and Executing Agencies), along with the national and regional policy bodies and a
regional technical advisory body. Outreach to all stakeholders in respect of project delivery is captured
through a process of reporting and evaluation. The importance of making such information is
recognised through a Project Information Management System, which will also provide a one-stop
shop for technical support and linkages to specialist and private sector interests. From the GEF
Alternative point-of-view, this component will provide the `life-time' sustainability for the project, and
will ensure that valuable information relating to IWCAM activities and guidelines is captured and
disseminated throughout the participatory countries (and beyond, to other relevant IW projects).

The requested sum from GEF comes to a total of $13,382,691 as shown in Table A.2 (below)

TABLE A.2: GEF PROJECT FUNDING BY COMPONENT

COMPONENT TITLE
GEF
1. Demonstration, Capture and
Transfer of Best Practices
$5,474,970
2. Development Of IWCAM
Process, Stress Reduction and
Environmental Status Indicators
$3,154,800
3. Policy, Legislation and
Institutional Reform
$585,350
4. Regional and National
Capacity Building and
Sustainability
$804,600
5. Regional Project Management
and Coordination
$2,725,700
Sub-Total
$12,745,420
Support Costs
$637,271
TOTAL
$13,382,691

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CO-FINANCING SUPPORT TO GEF FUNDING


This project has an estimated $98,269,493 from governments and regional bodies to co-finance the
sustainable management and protection of global significant island (terrestrial and marine) biodiversity
and associated natural resources within the Caribbean, along with the mitigation of transboundary
threats including land-based sources of pollution.

Much of this co-financing has been directly leveraged as a result of the Project Development Phase.
Some $82 million is a direct response to the development of the Demonstration Projects associated
with the overall regional project, and reflects carefully considered and developed partnerships for
IWCAM. As an example, detailed discussions were held with IDB regarding their intentions within
Tobago. On the basis of these discussions the GEF project decided not to focus on wastewater
treatment (which IDB was intending to fund) but to target land degradation and erosion issues which
are threatening the watershed and coastal areas with high levels of sedimentation. In concert with IDB,
the project has developed a complementary suite of activities. The two partners have agreed formally
to work closely together and to share information on a regular basis, even through attendance of each
other's formal management forum. As another example, the GEF project is partnering with an
international not-for-profit scientific organisation called Coral Cay Conservation in The Bahamas.
CCC is providing over $1 million dollars in real co-funding which consists of scientists and field-
workers, boast, equipment, etc to support both the Andros and the Exuma Demonstration projects.
CCC has also opened up a dialogue with other Caribbean countries to develop potentials for support
during the project lifetime.

The Private Sector has offered to provide facilities for Indicator Analysis and water quality survey by
way of donating a suitable vessel and some support costs. This is dependent upon GEF agree to
provide some of the maintenance costs and crew salaries for the project period. This vessel with also
act as a training platform for technical capacity building, especially under the component which
addresses the development of indicator mechanisms and a model framework.

The various sources of co-financing, supported by GEF incremental assistance, will develop the
necessary national and regional support structures for, and realign national and regional policy,
legislation and attitudes to IWCAM. The countries recognize the need to address many IWCAM issues
at the grassroots level and the need to tackle the root causes, be they social, economic or political in
nature. Detailed Analyses of the national and regional co-financing for the entire project can be
identified by country, agency and regional body as follows:



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TABLE A.3: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CO-FINANCING ESTIMATES FOR IWCAM

COUNTRY
CO-FUNDS
Antigua and Barbuda
$582,800
Bahamas - Andros
$2,234,370
Bahamas - Exuma
$739,188
Barbados
$141,000
Cuba
$2,007,018
Dominica
$694,000
Dominican Republic
$642,750
Grenada
$24,000
Haiti

Jamaica
$629,340
St. Kitts and Nevis
$22,362,380
St. Lucia
$2,122,418
Trinidad and Tobago
$50,719,700
UNDP
$1,771,029
UNEP
$116,500
Sec. Cartagena Conv.
$3,075,000
CEHI
$1,908,000
NGO
$7,091,000
Private Sector
$1,409,000
TOTAL
$98,269,493





Incidental National and Regional Benefits

It is inevitable that the GEF alternative will produce additional national and regional benefits. Indeed,
were this not so then it is unlikely that any GEF-eligible country would be stimulated into endorsing
and supporting such projects. In this case the additional benefits can be summarized as follows:

· A more sustainable resource base supporting the economy (especially in areas of critical
economic importance to the countries such as tourism, agriculture, fisheries, etc.);
· Improved living conditions for local populations (cleaner water, better waste management,
reduced threats to health, alternative livelihoods, reduced poverty);
· Improved land management providing more secure livelihoods for farmers and possible
resolution to tenure issues;
· Better training for human resources opening opportunities for employment security and career
improvement;

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· Improved policies on development protecting the rights of the general public over the
ambitions of the private sector;
· Resolution of some economic globalisation issues (e.g. inability to compete with international
markets, collapsing resource base due to over-exploitation); and
· Equity in the advantages gained from access to natural resources, as well as in the cost incurred
in their management.

These benefits should be seen as an integral part of the IWCAM management process, encouraging
policy realignment and redefinition of legislation and responsibility.


System Boundary

The area of intervention is defined as follows:

The island watersheds, down to the coastal zone and out to the limits of the territorial waters of each
participating country within the Caribbean.


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ANNEX B:
LOGICAL
FRAMEWORK
ANALYSIS

This Annex presents the Logical Framework Matrices for the overall project objectives and then by
component activity. The outcome from the overall objectives and then for each component heads each
table. The LogFrame identifies the results which would verify the objectives and aims of each outcome
and activity, how this will be realistically measured and ascertained as part of an effective monitoring
process, and what assumptions this process makes and the potential risks which might present barriers
to the process.

The Demonstration Projects (9) which fall under Component 1 have been broken down as sub-
components and treated with their own LogFrame analysis by Outcome.

After each Component the assumptions and risks are reviewed and explanations given as to how the
project intends to resolve or bypass such assumptions or risks.


LOGFRAME MATRIX:
OVERALL PROJECT OBJECTIVES


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS

OVERALL OBJECTIVE
PROJECT OUTCOMES: Reforms in policy,
Environmental Stress
Indicator mechanisms
An overall national and legislation and institutional
Indicators show measurable
successfully developed and
regional reform in support of arrangements in support of
improvements within the
deployed. National policy
the IWCAM approach as a IWCAM. Effective regional
natural environment (water
makers prepared to act on
necessary and vital strategy cooperation and sharing of
quality, coral diversity,
indicator results. Necessary
for sustainable management information and lessons on
mangrove cover, etc). Stress incentives and support
and protection of coastal and IWCAM. Development and
Reduction Indicators show
structure for regional
watershed resources.
transfer of more appropriate
measurable and successful
cooperation. Sufficient
technologies and IWCAM-
efforts to control pollution
political will and recognition
related techniques. Overall
and better manage potential
of need to manage and
improvements in coastal and threats. Process Indicators
protect coastal and
watershed status and related
demonstrate measurable
watershed resources
community welfare.
improvements at policy and
legislative level, with
associated supportive
institutional modifications.
OBJECTIVE
Reduced environmental
Mitigation/removal of threats Appropriate ESIs selected in
DESCRIPTION:
stress on watershed and
(see threats and root causes
parallel with existing
Demonstrate environmental coastal area resources
analysis) confirmed through databases, and
and developmental benefits
Environmental Stress
mechanisms/capacity
of an integrated approach to
Indicators. 5 out of 9 demo
established for on-going
watershed and coastal zone
hotspots show significant
monitoring
management in small islands
improvements by mid-term
developing states
evaluation. 20%
improvement in ESIs as
regional average by Final
Project Evaluation.

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Creation of a long-term
Equitable development and Stakeholders support
mechanism for sustainable
resource
concepts of IWCAM
development in parallel with management/conservation
(through training, education
management and
adopted by all stakeholders
and awareness), and political
conservation of coastal and
and confirmed through Stress will allows for participatory
watershed resources
Reduction Indicators. 30%
process. Correct SRIs
increase in positive SRI by
established.
Final Evaluation of project
Integration and coordination Adoption of national
Removal of cross-sectoral
of the resource management integrated and cross-sectoral 'territorial' barriers driven by
and planning process
management and planning
revised policies and
(including institutional
processes confirmed through legislation. Adequate
realignment)
Process Indicators. 20%
capacity developed. Correct
improvement (on average
PI s established.
across region) in positive
Process Indicators by Final
Evaluation
Demonstration of applied
Delivery of concrete
Demonstration projects
solutions and technology
solutions at geographical
achieve their objectives.
within selected hotspot and
hotspots, capture of lessons
Effective mechanisms
sensitive areas
and best practices, and
developed for capture and
replication through further
replication of lessons and
examples. Replication of
practices.
Demo lessons and practices
at 7 other regional hotspots
by Final Evaluation
Adoption of appropriate
Capture of policy and
Political commitment toward
policy and legislation in
legislative lessons from
need for policy and
support of IWCAM
demos manifested through
legislative reform.
objectives at the national and ratification of relevant
Recognition of importance
regional level
MEAs, particularly the LBS of MEAs and need to
protocol. 70% of countries
encapsulate in national
(9) ratify LBS protocol by
policies and legislation
Final Evaluation


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Overall Project Objectives

The development of effective indicators is critical to the successful monitoring and confirmation of a
sustainable IWCAM strategy at both the national and regional level (see Discussion of Assumptions
and Risks for Component 2 below). Project resources and capacity building have been allocated to
this need to ensure that appropriate ESIs are selected (wherever possible keeping these compatible with
current and past monitoring initiatives and datasets). It is also essential that the development of
indicator monitoring mechanisms ensure that such mechanisms are sustainable in the long-term and
beyond the project lifetime. It is intended to demonstrate to the countries the value of such indicators
in assessing the welfare on resource management and sustainability (placing a real value on such
renewable resources) and the critical importance of supporting and justifying policy decisions and
legislative amendments based on solid, measured data. Inevitably, national monitoring capacities will
need strengthening, a requirement which will be captured through reforms to support overall
institutional review and strengthening outputs (see Component 3). Similarly, it will be important to
establish effective Stress Reduction and Process Indicators by which to measure the overall efficacy of

xv

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IWCAM realignment, and the improvements both to the system (process) and to real actions to reduce
stress to coastal and watershed resources.

Stakeholder participation is an overarching requirement of the entire project which runs through the
heart of every component and output. Stakeholder support will be evolved and developed through the
awareness campaigns as well as through partnership fora and close participation and networking. It is
intended to demonstrate to all stakeholders the value of working together for the long-term integrated
management of coastal and watershed resources. There will be a need to change the political mind-set
away from government-dominated management to a more participatory process. However, there are
many examples of this having been successfully demonstrated within the Caribbean and these can be
captured and built on.

Similarly, it will be essential to the overall integrated nature and success of the project to alter mindsets
at both the policy and senior technical level within government with respect to interdepartmental
participation and co-management. Many government departments are very `territorial' which is a
reflection of budget allocations and accountability. The project will need to work closely with
government to demonstrate the improvements to be gained from a more integrated approach without a
necessary lose of departmental authority and resources. Policy reforms and revised legislation will
assist in this process, as will the demonstration of best practices and lessons.

There is a strong emphasis on monitoring and evaluating the progress and efficacy of each
demonstration project within the overall management structure. The Demonstration projects are a core
component of this regional project and it is essential that they deliver timely and effective
demonstrations of technical achievements as well as best practices at a policy, legislative and
institutional level. It is equally as essential that these lessons and practices are stored and disseminated
and output into action through replication where appropriate. To this effect the project has a substantial
set of outputs under Component 1 to address mechanisms for replication. An effective Clearing House
for information along with a strong network between project partners will also assist in reducing any
risks of failure in this particular area.

Political commitment to IWCAM-aligned reforms will need to be fostered. Generally, within the
Caribbean there is a fairly advanced awareness of the need for sustainable management of coastal and
watershed resources. Demonstrating this as a real process in the presence of strong political support for
development will be a challenge, but one that will be address through Component 3 which looks at
policy reform as well as through various partnership and awareness initiatives. The linkage between
national policy and the need to embrace the requirements of regional/international agreements has not
been overlooked and will be a driving force behind this process with incentives and encouragement
being developed through various project activities.


xvi

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LOGFRAME MATRIX:
COMPONENT ONE


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEMONSTRATION,
CAPTURE AND TRANSFER
OF BEST PRACTICES

COMPONENT OUTCOME: A series of individual but A coordinated set of lessons Demonstration projects will
Successful demonstration of closely coordinated
and best practices evolved deliver replicable lessons
concrete solutions and
demonstrations of IWCAM into an overall IWCAM and practices. Countries
mitigations to specific threats to techniques and resolutions regional strategy linked to will be willing and able to
IWCAM. The development and at specific IWCAM-related national strategies.
adopt new approaches and
distribution of best lessons and hotspots. Effective transfer Assimilation of the lessons technologies and to
practices arising from these and replication of lessons from the demonstration replicate them at applicable
demonstrations. Models and and best practices to other activities into national
sites. Policitical
guidelines for policy, legislative hotspots/countries.
actions and initiatives to commitment to adopt new
and institutional reform
Experienced-related, proven replicate tried and proven models for IWCAM reform
available to countries. Best models for IWCAM policy, deliverables at relevant into their policy, legislative
lessons and practices being legislative and institutional alternative hotspots.
and institutional structure
effectively replicated in other reform.
Effective reforms adopted
hotspots and critical areas
as per Component 3 below.
1.1 Demonstration



Implementation
Initiation & management of Demo Projects all
PCU reports identify Demo Effect Demo project
demonstration projects
implemented to schedule project start-up and status. management, reporting and
and delivering to schedule
Confirmed and endorsed steering. Timely feedback
through PSC reports and from demo management to
project evaluations. All PSC through PCU. Clear
demos under
and effective ToRs for
implementation by mid to demo management
end of year 1. All
completed by Final
evaluation
Development of
Concept papers submitted New concept papers
Further hotspots identified
complementary MSPs and
and accepted for further received by EAs and IAs and justified. Adequate
non-demo hotspot concepts IWCAM-related
with PSC endorsement. support to countries in
Demonstration Projects in Funding for additional
development of concepts
various portfolios
selected concepts flowing and submissions. Funding
during IWCAM project available to support new
lifetime
concepts

xvii

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Demo Project support
Effective UNDP
Annual reports available on Effective formal
(Monitoring and
Monitoring and Evaluation Demo status and progress. relationship adopted
Evaluation)
Process. Day-to-day
Annual review by PSC and between Demo projects and
support from PCU. Regular recommendations given on UNDP country offices.
technical evaluations of fine-tuning and steering of Sufficient capacity within
demo project progress. demo projects. Full review PCU and elsewhere in
Successful delivery of at Mid-Term Evaluation. project structure to guide
demo outcomes
Confirmation of success of and assist project
demos at Final Project management and delivery.
Evaluation. ESI, SRI and PI Effective national
measurements at hotspot programmes for Indicator
level confirm efficacy of measurement and reporting.
interventions
Effective Indicator
evaluation mechansisms
within demos
1.2 Capture of Lessons and



Best Practices
Review of reports from
Timely reporting and
Annual PSC endorsement Timely delivery of reports
Demo projects
effective mechanisms in of Demo reports. Info on by Demo Management .
place for capture and Lessons and Practices
Early idenitification of
storage of lessons and best disseminated and driving mechanism for transfer of
practices
policy and legislative
Lessons and Practices to
reforms where appropriate. countries. National
Confirmation of effective commitment to appropriate
mechanism
through policy and legislative
evaluation process.
reforms
Reports from R-TAGS on
Review of technical outputs Endorsement of R-TAG R-Tag reports are provided
general IWCAM lessons
from demos by R-TAG. reports and syntheses by to PSC in timely manner
and practices
Synthesis of these for SteerCom and re- (via PCU). Demos produce
review by PSC
confirmation of effective valuable trabsferable
nature by UNDP
lessons and practices.
monitoring process and UNDP have capacity to
project evaluation process. review reports and
First report available by end syntheses on Demos by R-
of year 1. subsequent TAG
reports avaialble to
subsequent PSCs.
Development of and access Database created and
Project partners and
Institutional arrangements,
to a regional Demo Project
functional (sufficient
stakeholders confirm use equipment and capacity
database
capacity). Database fully and efficacy of database available to implement and
accessible to all project through Partnership Forum maintain database. Full
partners and stakeholders
(Year 2) and Stakeholder transparecny and
Meetings (year 2)
accessibility of information
Input of information into
Clearing House is
Inclusion of Lesson and Sufficient institutional
Clearing House
networking Demo Lessons Practices and R-TAG
capacity to maintain
and Practices database, and reports and syntheses into Clearing House and Info
providing linkages to other Info-Sys and Clearing
Databases. Accessibility to
pertinent information
House. Other databases non-IWCAM project
databases
linked and accessed
databases and info systems
(confirmed through
Partnerhsip and Stakeholder
Forums year 2)

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Regional stakeholder
Regional Stakeholder
Reports from Stakeholder
Effective process of
review of lessons and
Review reports back on Meetings to PSC.
stakeholder involvement
practices from Demos and
Lessons and Practices
Stakeholder confirmation
and full accessbitlity to
general IWCAM
through PSC to IAs
through mid-term
information
approaches through
evaluation process.
Partnership Forum
1.3 Transfer and Replication



of Lessons and Practices
Development of
Effective transfer of lessons Adoption of lessons and National mechanisms for
mechanisms for transfer of
and practices associated practices in relation to new caputre of information and
lessons and best practices
with a sustainable
technologies, policies,
for application of IWCAM
throughout region
mechanism for same
institutional arrangements, lessons and practices at
etc outside of demo system hotspot level. Political will
boundaries (national,
to address hotspot issues
regional and global) ESI, and to undertake reforms
SRI and PI monitoring
shows positive relationship
between applied lessons
and practices and
improvements within
IWCAM landscape.
Positive use of lessons and
practices within 7 countries
by beginning of year 4
Development of Website
Effective website
Evidence of continuous Capacity available to create
Pages
maintained showing
usage of website (number and maintain website.
significant rate of access of hits). Confirmation of Sufficient interest in
and good linkages to other value of website from website. Appropriate
global websites
stakeholders and other
linkages to other websites
related projects (evaluation to feed in interested users
process)
and stakeholders
Linkages to IW:LEARN
Lessons and practices
IW:LEARN providing a IW:LEARN has capacity
captured by IW:LEARN structured IWCAM course and willingness to capture
process, as well as being by end of year 3. IWCAM IWCAM concepts and to
fine-tuned by information lessons and practices
use them. Sufficient interest
from IW:LEARN. The incorporated into other in an IWCAM-related
IW:Learn process embraces IW:Learn subject areas. course or learning material.
IWCAM as a mechanism to IW:LEARN evaluation
Effective IW:LEARN
be taught and disseminated process endorses effective evaluation process
use of IWCAM inputs


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Component One

This section discusses the overall Analysis for Component One. The actual Demonstrations are dealt
with as Sub-Components 1A-1D below.

Each Demonstration Project has its own built in management system which closely mirrors the
management structure for the overall Regional IWCAM Project (with some logical distinctions). It
will be of the utmost importance to the overall success of the project that these demonstration project
management systems work effectively and efficiently. In this respect, significant resources have been
identified and allocated to oversee and monitor the demonstration projects, and to evaluate their

xix

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progress and delivery, especially where this relates to the success of other regional project components
and outputs. A separate evaluation process is envisaged and budget for the demonstration projects
although this will be clearly linked to (and inform) the mid-term and final GEF project evaluations.
This process is considered to be essential as each of the demonstration projects is, in effect, a full
national project in its own right. The value of UNDP's Country Offices will be apparent throughout the
demonstration project monitoring and evaluation process, especially with respect to the reporting
requirements.

Although the PDF process identified priority hotspots which drove the selection of the demonstration
projects, it will be important to clearly define all national hotspots and sensitive areas and their needs
and requirements (especially in relation to Indicators and Reforms) in order to assist in (and prioritise)
the transfer and replication of lessons and best practices. Furthermore, the HDA will help to prioritise
those areas in need of associated concept preparation and development of linked IWCAM projects.
Countries will need support and assistance with this project and this has been budgeted within
Component 2. Funding to support new concept and projects would need to be identified through
Partnerships and Stakeholder Fora.

Some capacity building and institutional support will be necessary for the development and
maintenance of databases. In this respect the project can realise the advantages of its EAs. An
equitable balance between GEF funding and in-kind support and resource contribution should ensure
the regional institutionalisation for information management, analysis and reporting. CEHI has offered
its physical base as a repository for the IWCAM Clearing House and for the development of the
requisite databases within and linked to the project. This will be supported by some in-kind resource
contribution of personnel and utilities, as well as the strong linkages which this respected regional
body has within and between the various Caribbean countries. The information and databases within
the Clearing House would be closely linked to those of the other project EA (CAR/RCU) which will
also provide resources and capacity ain this respect. GEF funds are allocated to assist in this overall
process and to fulfil an important remit of regional institutional strengthening.

Stakeholder input to the overall project and to the national demonstrations is a paramount need to
attain success in project delivery. This will be promoted and strengthened through the Stakeholder
Workshops and the Partnership Forum meetings.

The activities related to the Hotspots are discussed under Component 2.

The development of a project website has already progressed some way under the PDF phase. This
would be expanded through the medium of CAR/RCU and linked into the project information system
established at CEHI. Logical linkages to IW:LEARN would be developed with the aid of the IAs.



xx

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LOGFRAME MATIX:
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1A



OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1A: WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Rehabilitation and Management of the Basseterre Valley as a Protection Measure for the Underlying Aquifer in St.Kitts
DEMONSTRATION
Transformation from
Measurably improved water Public support for a
OUTCOME: Management
threatened and heavily
quality within the aquifer. designated protected area.
and protection of a critical
exploited aquifer/well-field Adopted reforms in policy Private sector assistance in
aquifer and well-field
into a model water resource and legislation. Actual
development of protected
through a parallel process of management area. Water changes in land-use practice, areas and transferred
A. Mitigation of threats from abstraction carefully
reduced pollution,
benefits. Incentives to reduce
contaminants, B. On-the-
controlled. Groundwater and sustainable and protective wastewater are politically
ground protection, and C.
well-fields actively protected management of the aquifer acceptable and promoted.
Improved user-resource
. Water resource
and well-fields. Incentives
management.
management more efficient for better management and
supply and distribution. sustainable use of the water
Ecosystem functions of the resource. Monitoring and
valley maintained and
compliance. Formal
enhanced
designation of Basseterre
Valley Liamuiga National
Park with management plan
and Management Authority.
Measurable improvements in
waste reduction/leakage.
Optional water use practices

(e.g. recovery and recycling)
Protecting and Valuing Watershed Services and Developing Management Incentives in the Fond D'or Watershed Area of
St. Lucia
DEMONSTRATION
Model watershed system Fully functional, integrated
OUTCOME: Establishment
with high standard of water and sustainable watershed
of a model approach to
quality. Effective and
management model used as
participatory watershed
sustainable management of guidelines for replication
management within a
the resource from capture to through a national
specific watershed complex delivery to recycling.
mechanism. Quantifiable
Improvement in the
reductions in loss and
condition of water resources. wastage. Increased
Positive community support incentives for water
for model. The overall conservation and recycling.
condition of the watershed Generally improved quality
improved or maintained of life within the watershed
without deterioration
and coastal communities


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Demonstration Sub-Component 1A

The Basseterre Valley demonstration assumes that there is public support for such a protected area.
This would appear to be true from discussions held during the Hotspot Analysis phase. One of the
primary NGOs in the country (The St. Christopher Heritage Society) has undertaken a detailed study of
this option and maintains that there is strong support. Also the Government, by endorsement of the

xxi

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Demonstration Submission and the overall Project submission would seem to concur with that
conclusion. Private Sector assistance will need to be generated through the Demonstration Project's
own awareness activities and through the public participation and stakeholder involvement
components. The project background identified the fact that government is aware of the need to
manage and conserve water in the face of demand exceeding supply and there does appear to be a
strong government commitment to create incentives and maintain better control over water use.

In St. Lucia, A number of community-focused watershed initiatives are already underway.
Furthermore, the IWCAM project is partnering closely with CANARI, a regional NGO which is
undertaking initiatives throughout the SIDS region (including in Fond D'or, St. Lucia). They have an
experience already in community involvement and management. However, sufficient incentive for
community input and management will be necessary and this would have to be generated through the
transfer of benefits and by demonstrating the value of watershed management to the communities. The
recently evolved Water Management Unit within the government has a mandate and substantial
separate funding to develop a national watershed strategy and would welcome any models which
capture transferable lessons and best practices.

LOGFRAME MATIX:
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1B


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1B: WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Mitigation of Groundwater and Coastal Impacts from Sewage Discharges from St. John, Antigua
DEMONSTRATION
A model system for retro- Upgrading of one block in Political commitment to
OUTCOME: Resolution of active fitting of sewage city. Institutional, financial, disruption involved in retro-
coastal sewage and
handling systems. A
technical capacity in place to fitting (suitable incentives).
wastewater pollution through proposal to Cabinet for continue the upgrade of rest Political commitment to
retroactive fitting of street upgrading sewage handling of city and sustain long-term resolving national
level treatment systems. and treatment in St. John and compliance and monitoring. wastewater problems.
Production of an overall plan nationwide. Resolution of Water quality within the Financial assistance
for a cost effective solution septic tank sludge removal harbour, bays and reefs available to expand to rest of
to the problem of sewage and storage. Data collection measurably improved.
city and for national
throughout the entire City, for policy and legislative Cabinet approval for final wastewater strategy.
and nationwide.
reform with sustainable Sewage/Waste Water
funding.
Handling and Treatment
with associated policy and
legislative reforms.
Submission of proposal to
the GEF for Wetland
Filtration System in primary

development area.

Marina Waste Management at Elizabeth Harbour in Exuma, Bahamas

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DEMONSTRATION
Creation of effective
Water quality within
Suitable incentives given to
OUTCOME: Retroactive
wastewater reception
Elizabeth Harbour
yachting community to
installation and sustainable facilities in Elizabeth
measurably improved.
utilise facilities. Government
management of marina
Harbour. Deployment of Damage to biological
prepared to assist in
facilities that resolve
moorings and establishment habitats measurably reduced. sustainability. Government
concerns from sewage
of anchorages. Legislative An operational cost-effective prepared to transfer and
discharge and other
and policy reform to provide recreational vessel
replicate technology and
recreational boat impacts
incentives for use of wastewater pump-out and lessons throughout Bahamas
facilities and to establish treatment system in constant
responsibility for
use and replicable. Policy
maintenance. Establishment and legislative reforms in
of a sustainable and
place. An Elizabeth Harbour
replicable management
Management body for the
infrastructure and strategy Harbour area. Adoption by
for Elizabeth Harbour
the Government of the
Bahamas of a policy of
replication throughout the
islands.
Mitigation of Impacts of Industrial Wastes on the Lower Haina River Basin and its Coast, Dominican Republic
DEMONSTRATION
Identification and
A significant and measurable Industrial sector
OUTCOME: Reduction of implementation of improvement in water
commitment for clean-up.
contamination by industry in mechanisms to reduce point- quality and industrial solid Transfer of benefits and
an important river basin source pollutants. Clean-up waste handling along with a polluter-pays principle
through recycling and re- and Public/Private Sector reduction in contaminants accepted by stakeholders.
utilisation mechanisms.
Awareness. Legislative and emitted by the industrial Political support for policy
Collection of data and policy review to provide sector. A mandated,
reforms and adoption of
indicators on heavy metal incentives for reductions in politically-supported
stringent EIA practices.
contamination to guide
discharges and emissions, sustainable management
policy and strategic
and to establish
programme and body for the
planning. Overall integrated responsibility for monitoring hydrographic basin, with
management programme for and compliance.
clearly defined
basin.
Establishment of a
responsibilities for EIA
management infrastructure requirements, monitoring of
and strategy for the Haina basin welfare and water
River Basin. Improve the quality, and monitoring of
quality of basin-related
compliance and
ecosystems and biodiversity enforcement. Significant
within the river and coastal improvements to legislation
zone. Reduce population and regulations through the
disease, morbidity and
demonstrated use of data and
mortality rates related to information to guide policy.
pollution and poor water Documented transfer of
quality.
mechanisms and
technologies to other
relevant industrial areas of
the country.


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Demonstration Sub-Component 1B

Antigua has been wrestling with the overwhelming problem of poorly constructed and maintained
sewage holding and treatment systems for some years and is very conscious of the need to try and
resolve this national issue. The government is very keen to develop models for retrofitting such
holding and treatment systems has stated a genuine commitment to replicating this (although

xxiii

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substantial additional funding may be necessary to achieve this on a large scale). The government is
equally aware of wastewater treatment as an overall national problem and is conscious of the need to
develop a realistic and sustainable strategy with some urgency. The Demonstration Project will provide
assistance in identifying the necessary funding once the costs and workplans have been developed.
This will also help to demonstrate the value of the Partnership Forum to be developed under the
Regional Project components.

Recreational vessel impacts are a problem throughout the Caribbean, The Bahamas has more
recreational vessels per year entering its waters than any of the other Caribbean SIDS. The Yachting
community are aware of the problem but there is no incentive for self-regulation. The project has
considerable support from the Yachting fraternity however, who would welcome the provision of
facilities such as pump-out stations and properly maintained mooring systems. The IWCAM project
has attracted two useful partnerships on this particular Demonstration Project. ClearWater Caribbean is
a private sector interest group promoting cost-effective and appropriate wastewater treatment through
applied technologies within the Caribbean. CWC are providing much of the co-funding as well as the
treatment systems for Exuma. The Oceanic Resource Foundation (ORF) is a non-profit organisation
dedicated to the stewardship of the marine environment and with close connections to the yachting
community. ORF will be partnering CWC and will provide fiscal sponsorships for grants and
charitable donations to raise the necessary co-funding for replication of this Demonstration Project and
its lessons and best practices. ORF will also make its own resources available to the project by
assisting with the development of a website and other educational and informational materials. A third
partner in this Demonstration Project will be Coral Cay Conservation, another not-for-profit
international volunteer organisation which will be providing substantial resources and specialist advice
on developing indicators and monitoring sweater and marine habitat quality within the harbour. The
Government has expressed a strong and formal interest by letter in replicating any applicable models in
other marina `hotspots' around the Bahamas

One of the strongest challenges for the Demonstration Project targeting the Haina River Basin will be
generating the necessary support within the industrial sector. However, the project aims to build
partnerships with local industries for the welfare of the environment and to mitigate pollution from
industrial processes in the Basin. Model incentive will be developed as part of the project to ensure
such stakeholder buy-in. involvement of the industries in the project activities as stakeholder partners
will hep to demonstrate an innovative approach to such management approaches. Furthermore,
government are prepared to take the necessary reforms to create strict requirements for EIAs within
this region.




xxiv

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LOGFRAME MATIX:
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1C



OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1C: LAND-USE PLANNING, ZONING AND ALTERNATIVE
PRACTICES
Land and Sea Use Planning for Water Recharge Protection and Management in Andros, Bahamas
DEMONSTRATION
A baseline inventory of Measurable improvements in Recognition by government
OUTCOME: Active
resources and uses within the the quality of groundwater of need for improved land-
groundwater recharge area Andros chain. An effective resources. An active
use and planning in A.
protection through the
and operational Land and management system for Andros and B. throughout
development of a Land and Sea Use Management Plan land-use. Effective
Bahamas. Technologies
Sea Use Plan supported by (including zoning,
conservation measures and available to address threats.
an on-the-ground
monitoring and
improved management of Funding available to
monitoring, surveillance and enforcement). Development groundwater extraction and replicate in other island of
compliance mechanism.
of mechanisms and
water resource use
Bahamas. Political
Reduction of water wastage technologies to address
measurable as lower demand commitment to provide
and increase water use specific threats to the and reductions in waste and incentives to reduce water
efficiency within the private recharge area (land-use, leaks. No deterioration in resource wastage and
and public sectors
squatting, development,
species, habitat or
leakage.
waste disposal). Replication biodiversity welfare
of approaches throughout throughout the project
Bahamas through proposed lifetime.
CZM strategy
Land-Use Planning and Watershed Restoration as part of a Focused IWCAM Demonstration in the Courland Watershed
and Buccoo Reef Area, Tobago
Reduced siltation and (in
Design and implementation Reforestation and
Government Commitment to
coordination with other
of a programme of Community Watershed
adopt an overall IWCAM
initiatives) wastewater
reforestation and land
Restoration Projects
approach after demonstration
discharges to Buccoo Reef.
restoration in Courland
implemented. Diversion of within watershed and coastal
Improved water quality and
watershed. Diversion of drain at Buccoo Village to area of Tobago. Sustainable
general habitat and
artificial drainage pattern in reduce coastal
support for a GIS and data
biodiversity welfare on reef
Buccoo Village into adjacent sedimentation. Improved
collection unit.
(particularly coral cover and wetland filtration system. Land-Use Plan for Target
diversity). IWCAM Models Upgrade of Land-Use Plan Area. Policy reforms for
for reduction in siltation and and improve EIA processes ICZM in Tobago using
erosion effects within the
in Target Area.
lessons from project.
watershed on the coastal
Establishment of GIS Unit IWCAM recommendations
environment
for multisectoral data
implemented in Target Area.
collection. Training in GIS GIS Unit established in
and IWCAM. Establishment Tobago. Multi-sectoral
of public participation and project team trained in
awareness programme.
principles of IWCAM and
Development of draft Policy GIS. Compilation of detailed
Paper for IWCAM in environmental GIS database
Tobago.
for Target Area. Set of
Standard Methodologies for
data collection and
management. Community
Awareness Programme



xxv

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Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Demonstration Sub-Component 1C

The Bahamas Government is very conscious of the concerns regarding the Andros aquifer recharge
area and the need to raise the level of land and sea management and protection around Andros. This
awareness and support runs right to the level of the Prime Minister's Office. The Demonstration
Project will be partnering with a strong regional and international NGO. The regional NGO, the
Caribbean Conservation Association, is supporting the development of protected amenity areas on the
coastline of Andros and will be sharing and fronting many of the important activities related to the
project. Coral Cay Conservation, a well-recognised international not-for-profit volunteer organisation,
will be providing substantial real co-funding and resources to undertake surveys of the coastline and
waterways of Andros to ascertain marine habitat conditions, water quality status, etc. ClearWater
Caribbean (a partner in the Exuma Demonstration project on Marine wastewater treatment) will be
adding its expertise to the problem of domestic contaminants to the aquifer. IDB has expressed strong
interest in the outcomes from this project with a possible intent to assist in replicating such land and
sea use management strategies and zoning practices in the other islands of the Bahamas. The issues of
leakage and wastage are an important one and have been identified by the government as a high
priority for resolution.

The Tobago House of Assembly has expressed full support for the Courland Watershed and Buccoo
Reef Demonstration Project and has further expressed a keen desire to replicate any IWCAM-related
best practices through the island of Tobago. They are also fully supportive of the need for a GIS
system and other IT back-up systems, and the urgent need to address soil erosion, sedimentation and
poorly-managed drainage. The Demonstration project will be partnering closely with IDB who are
addressing the other major issue of wastewater that is impacting the project area through a substantial
loan to the government for improving treatment facilities and stopping the discharges onto the reef
system. IDB will sit on the project's Steering Committee and have expressed a strong desire to work
together in a coordinated and integrated manner.


xxvi

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LOGFRAME MATIX:
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1D


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEMONSTRATION SUB-COMPONENT 1D: TARGETED MODEL IWCAM
Application of IWCAM Concepts at Cienfuegos Bay and Watershed, Cuba
The application of the
Demonstration pilot area(s) Fully functional Local
Political commitment to
IWCAM concepts to
for best forest practices Authority. Improvement
clean-up within Cienfuegos
demonstrate an integrated including reforestation.
policies, legal and
Bay. Government prepared
approach to watershed and Demonstration pilot area(s) institutional mechanisms for to undertake pilots to clean-
coastal management centred for best agricultural
integrated and responsible up sugar industry and
around a provincial authority practices, soil conservation participation. An operational forestry. Political acceptance
with participatory
and soil management.
monitoring programme,
of a decentralised
management mechanisms
Demonstration pilot area for actively linked to the Local. Management Body
targeting community
harvesting residues and
Pilot areas demonstrating
involvement. Best practices organic waste from the sugar best practices for land-use
will have be demonstrated in industry to diminish water management and sugar mill
critical areas of concern consumption. Strengthening waste recycling implemented
(agriculture, waste reduction, of domestic wastewater and documented as
recycling, soil conservation, management. A Water
successful. Mechanisms in
etc) through a sustainable Quality Monitoring
place to replicate. Significant
management infrastructure.
Programme Establishment of improvements in wastewater
a local Basin/Bay
management with guidelines
Management body.
and regulations in place.
Establishment of
public Community involvement
awareness and capacity
increased and active public
building.
awareness campaigns show
noteworthy success.
An Integrated Approach to Managing the Marine, Coastal and Watershed Resources of east-central Portland, Jamaica
Effective capture of existing A model watershed area
A formal management
Project ability to coordinate
best practices and lessons management mechanism
mechanism and identified and integrate many different
learned through other
including effective
accountable body with an and complex initiatives in
coastal, watershed and
administrative procedures, on-going programme of data watershed management in
community management
monitoring and data
collection and environmental Jamaica. Acceptance of a
initiatives within the
collection, compliance and indicator information
formal management
country. An effective
enforcement
mechanisms feeding into the management mechanism. Government
Watershed Management
and removal of socio- process, as well as the policy prepared to replicate in other
mechanism for Eastern
economic barriers through and legislative arena.
watershed situations in
Portland. Effective transfer sustainable economic
Effective compliance and country. Community support
methodologies adopted by development. Applicable
enforcement
mechanism. can be generated.
Jamaica for the replication of solutions to detrimental
Successful documented
these lessons to
watershed activities.
demonstrations of alternative
neighbouring Watershed
Demonstrations of livelihoods and community
Management Units (WMU). alternative livelihoods and support for alternate land
land-use practices.
practices, and successful
Identification of transfer demonstrations of mitigation
mechanisms and replication approaches to watershed
potential
threats. Recorded
community support. An
active process of transfer and
replication of lessons other
watersheds in Jamaica


xxvii

---

Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Demonstration Sub-Component 1D

Cuba has shown a very strong commitment to both this Demonstration project and toward the overall
Regional IWCAM project. They have also demonstrated an advanced capacity and an adequate human
resource pool to be able to tackle this Demonstration Project. The government is prepared to commit
national resources to tackling the pollution problems created by the sugar industry, and to rectifying
the problems of deforestation and improper land-use. They themselves have proposed the creation of a
Cienfuegos Bay Management Body.

Jamaica has had a number of initiatives over the years addressing watershed management. Some are
still underway. During the development phase for this project a number of partners came forward to
encourage the approach proposed by this Demonstration Project i.e. the coordination and integration o
carious lessons, best practices and existing management systems into one model demonstration.
Jamaica already has experience in creating watershed management mechanisms involving community
participation. This project will help to capture and improve on those experiences. Past experience
shows that community support can be generated and is forthcoming with the right incentives.


xxviii

---

LOGFRAME MATRIX:
COMPONENT TWO


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
DEVELOPMENT OF
IWCAM PROCESS, STRESS
REDUCTION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
INDICATOR FRAMEWORK
COMPONENT OUTCOME: Indicator monitoring tested Specialist evaluation of National capacity and
Process, stress-reduction, and and developed as part of indicator mechanism and commitment to
environmental status indicators demonstration projects and framework. Lessons from development and use of
framework established and
through other project
Demonstrations captured in indicators. Effective
national and regional capacities component requirements.
framework. Single country demonstration of value and
for indicator monitoring
One-country demonstration demonstration of use of indicators through
enhanced.
and development
development and use of demonstration projects.
undertaken to produce
indicators (e.g. in policy Country identified to take
indicator framework model. reforms) succesfully
on role of national model
Transfer of model to all completed. All countries for indicator development,
countries and establishment adopt standard
monitoring and application
of an indicator network and model/framework for
of results. All countries
data storage facility.
indicator mechansim and willing to adopt new
establish protocol for
indicator framework model.
information transfer and All countries willing to
accessibility within regional share information with
storage centre
regional information centre.
2.1 Review I

WCAM indicators


Review national and regional Thorough review document Review document studied Current indicator
Environmental Status
available identifying
and endorsed by R-TAG mechanisms actually exist.
Indicator mechanisms
current status of all
and other relevant
Capacity available to
Review national and regional indicator mechanisms at stakeholders, and endorsed capture all national
Stress Reduction Indicator
national/regional level
by PSC by enf of year 1
informtation and to
mechanisms
synthesise into a report
Review national and regional
Process Indicators
2.2 Devel

op National Indicator


Templates
Harvest information from
ESI database established as Confirmation through R- Demo Projects are
Demonstration Projects on
part of Demo Lessons and TAG and evaluation
developing and delivering
Environmental Status
Practices database
process and input to further ESIs
indicators
activities of this component
Develop and disseminate
Templates for ESIs
Templates disseminated by Sufficient information and
templates for Environmental formally distributed to each end of year 2. .Feedback on capacity available to
Status Indicators
country
templates from R-TAG and develop templates.
PSC. ESI mechanism being Countries will use
used for monitoring and templates.
development of national
management strategies by
7countries by end of year 4.

xxix

---

Harvest information on
P and SR Indicator database Confirmation through R- Demo Projects are
policy and legislative process established with clear signs Tag and evaluation process developing and delivering P
and stress reduction
of capture of lessons and and input to further
& SR Indicators
indicators from 4.2 and
practices from demo
activities of this component
Demonstration Projects
projects
Develop and disseminate
Templates for P & SR Templates disseminated by Sufficient information and
templates for Process and
Indicators formally
end of year 2. Feedback on capacity available to
Stress Reduction Indicators
distributed to each country
templates from R-Tag and develop templates.
PSC. Indicator mechanism Countries will use
being used to justify and templates. Country
drive policy reforms by 7 commitment to reforms
countries by end of year 4
2.3 Under

take National



Hotspot Diagnostic
Analysis
Identify national 'non-demo'
Hotspot Diagnostic
Endorsement of HDA by R- Additional Hotspots and
HotSpots and Sensitive Areas Analysis completed for TAG and PSC by end of Sensitive Areas exist
and their IWCAM problems
each country
year 1
beyond adopted
and root causes
Demonstration areas.
Countries have capacity to
undertake HDA
Identify
required
reforms
HAD includes specific Endorsement of Reform Sufficient knowledge of
section addressing
Needs by R-TAG and PSC. reform needs. Capacity to
requirements for reform at Confirmation by IAs and undertake HAD and
policy, legislative and
EAs of appropriate section reform-needs study
institutional level in order completed in National
to resolve hotspot issues HDAs. Use as justification
and threats
in future concept
development
Develop Concept papers for
New Concept Papers
Review of Concept Papers Capacity exists to develop
follow-up activities
presented for funding and and Final Submissions by Concepts and Submissions.
assistance. Development
PSC and IAs (including Countries willing to submit
into full project submission endorsement of IWCAM-related Concepts
with appropriate HAD
compatability with HAD). for further support.
justification.
At least one further
Sufficient funding available
pertinent IWCAM related to support submissions
project approved by end of
year 2 and a further 2 by
end of year 5.
2.4 Indicator Coordination and


Training

xxx

---

Establish a regional centre
All Indicator-related
Information System and
Regional Instutional
for storage of Indicator-
information stored and Clearing House in existence identity and capacity to
related information
maintained as current in a and Indicator information house database. National
suitable database.
available by year 2 of capacity to collect and
Information kept up-to-date project. Confirmation of proivde information.
accessibility and use by Countries willing to supply
stakeholders and project up-to-date information.
partners. Formal
Confirmation of efficacy to
PSC by R-TAG. Evaluation
process confirms
maintenance of effective
mechanism, country
committment and current
nature of information
Develop regional centre as a Centre of Excellence for IWCAM Training Centre Suitable site available with
Centre of Excellence for
Indicator mechanisms in established within region sufficient
Indicator Training
place
by year 3 of project. country/institutional
Confirmed by stakeholders commitment. Adequate
and evaluation process
resource capacity to
maintain Training Centre
Training for stakeholders in
Appropriate stakeholders
Indicators mechanisms
Sufficient training capacity
application of process, stress receive training and apply function in 10 countries by exists. Country
reduction and environmental the concepts/process in- year 4 of project. Indicative commitment to make
status indicators
country
information clearly in use trainnees available. Country
in policy and legislative commitment to adopt
process through effective expertise as part of
national reforms
IWCAM process
2.5 Indicator

Demonstration



Establishment (including
One Country provides
At least one country One country prepared to
capacity building) of
sufficient commitment to assisted in full
fully support process
IWCAM process, stress
support model Indicator implementation of a model (including in-kind
reduction and environmental mechanism development
Indicator mechanism
commitments) through to
status indicator monitoring
and implementation
through to actual
policy reform stage.
system in one country using
process. Endorsed by PSC. application of process to Capacity avaialble to assist
new templates
reforms (and feedback
country
process) by middle of year
3 of project


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Component Two

The development of measurable indicators is also essential both the success of the project and to the
overall long-term effectiveness of IWCAM at the national and regional level. Current indicators may
not exist. Where they do then the project should aim to use similar or at least comparable processes
and data handling to ensure compatibility of historic date (where this is possible, but not at the expense
of using effective measurable indicators if these have to be developed anew). National capacity may
not always exist to review and present current indicator mechanisms and this addressed through budget
allocations to assist each country to undertake this process.

It will be important to capture all the national information, both on-going and historic, and from within
and outside the demonstration projects. All of this information will need to be carefully collated and

xxxi

---

reviewed in order to develop an effective model template for measuring the various types of indicators.
Again, budget allocations address this need at a national and regional level.

Countries will also be given financial assistance to expand their Hotspot Assessments and to prioritise
the needs and reform requirements related to priority areas. Additional expertise may be required in
some countries to complete this process effectively. As a next step, resources will need to available to
help develop new concepts addressing mitigation and resolution of problems at priority hotspot areas.
Some budget allocations are available here but also of importance will be the assistance available from
the IAs in the region, particularly the UNDP country offices as well as the UNEP regional office. The
Partnership Forum and Stakeholder Workshops will need to ensure that funding leverage for deserving
and eligible concepts is proactive, persistent and effective.

The indicator measurements and their analysis will need to be captured within a regional institution
and again CEHI offers a suitable repository as an integral part of the regional government process and
institutional structure. It is appropriate to provide capacity building and institutional strengthening in
this respect, balanced as always against in-kind contributions from the countries and from CEHI itself.
CEHI would also provide the obvious focal point for the various training requirements within the
project, although some aspects may be outsourced to regional NGOs where appropriate. In this respect
there is a close link between the development and on-going measurement of indicators, training and
secondment, stuffy tours, and the provision of a mobile survey and laboratory facility by the private
sector. This will require careful management and logistical arrangements. Budget allocations also exist
to ensure this occurs. Countries will need to be realistic about their training needs and the nomination
of candidates. A rigorous process of selection will be undertaken through the EAs and IAs with
endorsement by the PSC. Part of this selection will require guarantees from the countries regarding the
future use of the newly acquired expertise.

The selection process for the development of a model indicator mechanism will also need to be
rigorous as well as transparent. Clear criteria will need to be established by the PCU under guidance
from the EAs and IAs and endorsed by the PSC before any selection process is initiated. Criteria would
inevitably include fairly substantial commitments to financial support of the process and subsequent
reforms in the policy, legislative and administrative/institutional sectors.

LOGFRAME MATRIX:
COMPONENT THREE


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
POLICY, LEGISLATION
AND INSTITUTIONAL
REFORMS


xxxii

---

COMPONENT OUTCOME:
IWCAM Policy and
Countries amend national Political commitment to
National policies, legislation Legislative reforms adopted policy and legislation as it reforms. Political
and institutional structures
to reflect a more integrated addresses IWCAM issues. sustainability throughout
reformed and realigned to and intersectoral approach In particular, revised policy potential electoral changes.
reflect the objectives of to coastal and watershed and legislation reflects All barriers to ratification of
IWCAM and to capture the management, and to
requirements of regional regional and international
requirements of the more emphasise IWCAM
and international MEAs. MEAs removed. Sufficient
pertinent regional and
priorities. Institutional
Countries actively ratifying financial and human
international MEAs.
structures amended and IWCAM -related regional resource capacity to meet
enhanced to deal with and international MEAs as needs of reforms and
IWCAM approaches and a reflection of their policy ratification requirements.
requirements including new changes. Institutional
No further pressures on
policy and legislative
realignment and
countries to adopt yet more
reforms and associated reallocation reflects new MEAs until they can meet
reallocation of policies and supports
existing requirements
responsiblitieis and
requirements of newly
realignement of sectoral ratified regional and
mandates
international MEAs

3.1 #



Reviews of national
Detailed document
R-TAG and PSC review Sufficient accurate
policies and structures
outlining current status and and endorsement of information released on
shortfalls of all national document by end of year 1 policy, legislation
and
policies, legislation and of project
institutional status
institutional arrangements
related to IWCAM
Identification of barriers to National and regional
National endorsements and Countries accept that
IWCAM
synopsis of barriers to PSC endorsement of remedial action necessary
IWCAM arising from status Barriers and proposed
to reform.
and shortfalls report,
remedial activities before
including proposals for 18-month implementation
barrier removal
stage (middle of year 2)
3.2 Development of models



and guidelines
Consolidation of inputs and Collation and coordination All information from
All information available
lessons from national
from reports and workshops national reports plus initial and accessible. Capacity
reviews, participatory
of all information into inputs from stakeholder avaialable to undertake
stakeholder workshops, and review document
workshops and demo
report synthesis
demo projects
projects available for
development of model by
early year 2
Identification of specific
HDA from each country Information available from Countries complete HAD
reform requirements based
addresses reform needs.
HDA for incorporation into analysis on time for
on Hotspot Diagnostic
model development by end inclusion in model
Analyses
of year 1
development
Development of a set of
Detailed regional guidelines Regional guidelines for Adequate capacity available
regional guidelines taking
developed and disseminated development of national for development and
into account requirements
which actively enmbrace models completed and
finalisation of models
of relevant regional
requirements of regional available for use by
conventions and treaties
conventions and treaties countries by end of year 2
(e.g. LBS protocol)
of project
3.3 Programme for regional



policy, legislative and
institutional reform

xxxiii

---

Development of an active Assistance provided to each Development of a
Capacity for assistance
regional programme for
country to reform
mechanism to promote available. Timley
amendment of national
legislation and policy.
reform in each
implementation of regional
legislation/policy and
Reforms adopted,
country(particularly
programme and national
improvement &
Institutional arrangements focusing on hotspot needs) assistance. Sufficient
restructuring of institutional updated in line with by end of year 2. 5 country commitment to
arrangements
IWCAM requirements
countries effectively
reform. Awareness of
reformed policy and
importance of regional
legislation and developed environmental agreements
instituional arrangements in to IWCAM process and
line with IWCAM concepts welfare of SIDS
(and following regional
model) by end of year 4
Parallel development of
Improved regional
9 countries ratified LBS Regional model captures
incentives, and awareness
ratification of pertinent protocol by Final
national requirements for
of the need for SIDS to
IEAs
Evaluation. All
ratification. National
ratify those IEAs,
participating countries
commitment to implement.
Conventions and Treaties
ratified Cartagena
Effective incentives and
pertinent to IWCAM
Convention by Final
assistance in
(Especially Cartagena
Evaluation
implementation and
Convention and Protocols)
ratifcation process


Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Component Three

This component will essentially require substantial political commitment to achieve success. National
bodies will need to release information for the review process. However, many of the Caribbean SIDS
are now used to this requirement and have undergone some sort of policy and legislative review in
certain sectors. Careful explanation of the importance and value of this process will need to feed back
from the OSC and through the NICs to the relevant government sectors. Also through the PSC/NICs
linkage it will be important to demonstrate the need for remedial action and reform. Budget allocations
will assist in the review and synthesis process. Again, the presence and familiarity of the EAs with the
countries will help to alleviate doubts.

Resources are identified in the project to assist in the development of model guidelines for reforms.
Financial commitments have been made to drive the regional reform process, and incentives will be
developed to encourage countries to adopt this route. The linkages between national reforms related to
IWCAM and similar requirements from regional and international agreements such as the Cartagena
Convention and its Protocols should help the countries meet their ratification requirements for the
latter through a funded and resourced process available through the IWCAM regional project.


xxxiv

---

LOGFRAME MATRIX:
COMPONENT FOUR


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
REGIONAL AND
NATIONAL CAPACITY
BUILDING AND
SUSTAINABILITY

COMPONENT OUTPUT: Measurable improvement in Awareness, sensitivity and Effective awareness and
Improved sensitisation,
awareness at street level. educational polling show sensitisation campaigns and
awareness and capacity
Measurable heightening of positive improvements with programmes are
throughout all sectors with sensitivity of policy-makers feedback from polls into sustainable. Sufficient in-
respect to IWCAM. An active, within public and private on-going awareness and country capacity to sustain
long-term, sustainable regional sector in support of education programmes.
indicator mechanisms and
mechanism supporting IWCAM. IWCAM approaches and Stress Reduction Indicators capture results. Countries
Effective networking to share concerns . Adoption of show improvements to understand value, and are in
information alongside a
long-term (5-10 year & controls over major impacts full support of an IWCAM
Partnership Forum acting to reviewable) IWCAM
on coastal and watershed regional and national
build working relationships
regional mechanism with environment. Process
approach and prepared to
within IWCAM. An active associated supportive
indicators show positive commit resources. Full
Clearing House to sharing and regional agreements and support and reform at support from privates sector
dispersing information. Fully institutes. Establishment of policy level toward
and funding agencies for a
involved stakeholders and
a regional Partnership
IWCAM. Environmental
regional Partnership Forum.
improved civil society.
Forum for IWCAM related Stress Indicators support Private sector understands
issues with strong input overall picture of long-term value and
from private sector and improvement reflecting
investment toward
other potential funding awareness and educational sustainbility through
partners. Stakeholder
success. Regional IWCAM transferred benefits.
participation is
strategy/ mechanism
institutionalised and
adopted through regional
adopted as policy within agreement and reflected in
IWCAM.
national policies and
institutions. Regional
partnership forum active
and showing major positive
changes in approaches to
IWCAM issues through
both private and public
sector. Private sector taking
greater responsibility for
cost of IWCAM including
transfer of benefits and
greater investment in
reduction of impacts and
mitigation of threats.

4.1 Awarenes

s and



Sensitisation
National & Regional
Positive feedback from Reports endorsed by PSC Consensus agreement on
Workshops on needs and workshops via reports
and recommendations
targets and needs for
target audiences
adopted into awareness awareness. Timescale for
campaign strategy by end capture of input is
of year 1 and updated in sufficient. Capacity for
subsequent years
caputre of input is available
and adequate

xxxv

---

Multisectoral awareness
National and regional
First awareness campaigns Continuity of targets
campaign with feedback awareness campaigns active delivering sensitisation by (electoral process replaces
mechanisms
and effectively targeting all end of year 1. Feedback many senior personnel in
stakeholders
from stakeholder
government). Senior level
workshops positive by end awareness of need for
of year 2. PSC reporting sensitisation to IWCAM
that policy level
issues and commitment to
sensitisation is taking effect make personnel available
by end of year 2. Mid and for awareness-building.
Final Evaluation support Adequate in-country
success of awareness
support and capacity to
campaign
awareness-building.
4.2 Stakeholder I

nvolvement



Identify, strenghten and
Representative involvement Positive feedback from Stakeholders have
an
involve stakeholders
of broad spectrum of stakeholders through
interest in the IWCAM
stakeholders in project
workshops in years 1-5. process. Stakeholders
activities and development. Stakeholder awareness
prepared to get involved
Project activities and
signifcantly improved by and to commit in-kind
deliveries targeting the year 3. . PSC reports contributions to iWCAM
strengthening of significant increase in
management process.
stakeholder input and
stakehoder support by year Private sector recognises
management participation
3. Stakeholder (non- advantages of its
Governmental)
involvement. Transfer of
involvement in
benefits is embraced as a
management process and concept in private sector
recognition of 'Beneficiary-
pays' concept by end of
year 4
4.3 Education

& Training



Educational Workshops
Successful implementation First workshop completed Country commitment to
(linked to Awareness
of workshops
by end of year 1.
providing attendance to
Workshops)
Subsequent workshops
workshops
completed by mid year 3
and end year 4
Production of educational Adoption of IWCAM
NIC and PSC confirm that Educational bodies and
materials and incorporation concepts and teachings into IWCAM concepts
establishments sympathetic
into regional curricula
national school curricula. embraced within national to IWCAM and need to
Effective teaching materials educational curricula in 7 amend curricula
available
countries by end of year 3
Identification and
Training needs identified PSC approves training
Training properly captured
implementation of training and workshop logistics and workshop strategy for all and put to use by countries.
needs and regional training coordination are established countries by middle of year Trained personnel assured
networks
1
positions in the long-term

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Regional training workshops Training Workshops
First training workshop
IW Learn Accepts
& networking through
successfully completed and successful completed by networking role for this
IW:LEARN
outputs networked into end of year 1 with training. Country
IW:LEARN
subsequent workshops in commitment and interest
years 2-4. Outputs of continues for future
training incorporated into workshops
IW:LEARN and outputs of
first workshop available on
IW:LEARN website by end
of year 1. All subsequent
workshop outputs available
on website within 3 months
of completion of workshops
Inter-country secondment
Appropriate
personnel PCU approves first batch of National agencies prepared
seconded from one country secondments of 2-3 persons to give leave of absence for
to another to learn from before end of year 1. appropriate persons to go
specific IWCAM situations Subsequent secondments of on secondment.
and practices
at least 2 persons per year
for next 4 years
4.4 Str

ategy for IWCAM
Regional Sustainability



Development of IWCAM Regional IWCAM Strategic Regional Strategic
Adequate regional capacity
regional strategic approach
Approach adopted by PSC
approach reviewed by R- to develop IWCAM
TAG and PSC and
Strategic Approach. Timely
endorsed in principle by delivery to PSC
end of year 2
Assistance with identifying Effective identification and Partnership Forum
Sufficient commitment
long term funding
formal agreements on
identifies and confirms from partners (including
mechanisms for IWCAM sustainable funding for funding level and
governments) to provide
regional strategic approach
strategic approach
availability to PSC by end sustainable funding for
of year 2
IWCAM strategy
Incentives for national and National and regional
Adoption by countries of Early consensus on content
regional adoption of IWCAM agreement on strategy and Strategic Regional IWCAM and funding mechanisms.
strategies and arrangements
funding mechanism(s)
Mechanisms by end of year This will be dependent on
3
priority of IWCAM on
national and regional
agendas
Review and Evaluation
Intra- and post-project IWCAM strategy reviewed Effective IA and PSC
Mechanisms for Strategic review of IWCAM strategy through project evaluation driven GEF evaluation
Approach, including a
and objectives
process (Year 3 and 5) and process. Funding and
stakeholder-sponsored
2 years after end of project support from regional
mechanism for post-project
by post-evaluation body partner/body to undertake a
evaluation of GEF IWCAM
identified during
post-project review of
objectives
development of strategy objectives and
through recommendations sustainability
of partners and stakeholders
4.5 P
roject Networking



Linkages to national/regional All pertinent national and Institutions confirm
Institutional commitment to
institutions
regional institutions up-to- effective dissemination of aims of IWCAM project.
date on activities and information and active
Effective mechanisms for
opportunities available
involvement through
networking within region
through IWCAM project
stakeholder and partnership and between countries.
forums in year 1.

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Linkages to other IWCAM Identification of networking Networks in place and
Capacity within region to
related projects
partners. Development and effectively targeting 90% of undertake networking.
implementation of relevant IWCAM partners Partners willing to share
networking procedures
by end of 1st year. and network. Other
Effective update of IWCAM-related projects
networking and information have own effective
confirmed every year
networking procedures
through Partnership Forum
Development of Regional Partnership Forum meets Partnership Forum meeting Partner commitment to
Partnership Forum
on regular basis and within first 6 months of IWCAM through
provides positive
project and subsequently attendance and
through
recommendations which are every year after.
commitment of in-kind
put into action
Subesquent For a confirm time and finances. Realistic
action taken on
recommendations from
recommendations
Partners. National support
(confirmation provided by to hosting For a
PCU and PSC in Forum
Updates at meetings)
4.6 A

Regional
IWCAM


Clearing House to capture
and store all IWCAM
information (Link to GPA-
CHM)
Development of Clearing Active Clearing House Physical site for Clearing Country/Institute prepared
House
sited and supporting project House established (with in- to house facility and
kind support and project support it with some
capacity funding) by mid to assistance from GEF.
end of year 1. Confirmation Sufficient cpacity to
by PSC and partners of implement and effective
efficacy of Clearing House facility within 18 months of
by mid year 2
start of project
Linkages to GPA-CHM Cross-linkages
between
Strategies for cross-linkage No technical linkage
Clearing Houses and
developed and agreed
problems. Close working
databases, especially
between EAs by end of contact between EAs
through websites
year 1
Networking with countries
Use of Project Networking Website established and Capacity available in region
process to connect Clearing linked into GPA-CHM and to develop website
House to all countries and countries by end of year 1
Partners

Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Component Four

Awareness development is an area which directly relates to the stakeholders. NGOs in particular can
provide a high level of capacity and assistance with this important project deliverable. Effective
national and regional workshops will help to drive this process.

The sensitisation of senior and policy level personnel within both the government and private sector is
a priority and continuous target for the project. This is considered to be particularly important to
overcome the inherent problems associated with personnel changes at the policy and senior technical
level. It is also important for the policy level decision-makers to realise the need to allocate resources
(especially human) to the IWCAM process, and to commit to reforms. The project will lean heavily on
existing in-country and regional experience, especially within the NGO groups.

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Stakeholder participation is a thread that runs through all of the project components and outputs. It is
captured in this component specifically as a requirement for long-term acceptance and sustainability of
the IWCAM concept and objectives. Good transparent sharing of information and networking along
with the Partnership Forum and the Stakeholder Workshops should ensure adequate stakeholder
involvement and commitment to the project. Suitable representation for the education sector is
important at the stakeholder workshops. Again, NGOs (with their established experience in the field of
educational promotion of environmental issues) have an important role to play in this arena.

The PSC and NICs will have an important role to play in stressing the role of the training workshops
and the significance of the national training secondments/ study tours. NICs will need to take an active
part in selecting suitable candidates under the guidance of the PSC and the PCU. Clearly defined
criteria will be necessary and would be drawn up by the PCU and endorsed by the PSC before any
secondments and candidates are considered. Critical selection criteria would include the suitability of
the candidate with respect to position, previous experience and qualifications, and the long-term
prospects of that candidate after training.

The IWCAM Strategic Approach will reflect the regional needs as expressed at the country level
through the NICs and thence through the PSC. A comprehensive 5-10 year plan for regional IWCAM
will need to be developed and a mechanism for capturing this institutionally at both the national and
regional level will need to be ensured. Much of this is encapsulated within various project outputs and
deliverables but needs coordination. GEF assistance is identified thorough financial allocations to
assist in this process which should be country and regionally driven to demonstrate the strength and
sustainability of the institutional processes developed though the project (e.g. the PSC, NICs and R-
Tag as well as the capacity building given to regional bodies such as CEHI). In this respect it will be
vital important for this strategy to identify the long-term expectations (beyond the project lifetime) for
these project bodies. The regional and national bodies need to institutionalised through the strategy so
that the PSC can continue in its valuable function of guiding the strategy, the NICs can ensure national
commitment to the strategy and the R-TAG provide the technical advisory forum. Capacity
strengthening to bodies such as CEHI should be sustainably institutionalised to ensure continued
support to information clearing, indicator assessments for national and regional updates on IWCAM
`landscape' status, and training.


LOGFRAME MATRIX:
COMPONENT FIVE


OBJECTIVELY

MEANS OF

CRITICAL
SUMMARY
VERIFIABLE
VERIFICATION
ASSUMPTIONS AND
INDICATORS
RISKS
REGIONAL PROJECT
MANAGEMENT AND
COORDINATION


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COMPONENT
Regional IWCAM strategy Final and Post Project National and regional
OUTCOME: Effective
in place. Appropriate
Evaluations reports positive. commitments to IWCAM
project management at the regional institution(s)
Regional IWCAM-related
remaining politically
national and regional level. adopt(s) the functions and institutions physically in sustainable throughout
National Intersectoral
responsibilities of the project place and funded with clear region. Governments agree
Committees capturing and management structure.
mandates for responsibility. on need for permanent
promoting IWCAM best Regional and National
Permanent regional and structures to adopt role of
practices. Project
Intersectoral Committees
national bodies established PSC and NICs. Host
evaluations reflecting
(PSC and NICs) given ex-project with
institution/country identified
successful and sustainable permanent status and
responsibilities for cross- for information storage and
project objectives. An active responsibility for regional sectoral participatory
dissemination centre.
and effective sustainable and national level IWCAM IWCAM. Regional Centre
regional information
strategy and coordination. dealing with IWCAM
management system in
Permanent and sustainable information storage and
place.
institutionalisation for
dissemination in place and
regional IWCAM
sustainable. All of these to
information storage and be sustainable politically and
transfer
through identified funding
by closure of project.

5.1 Project Management



Establish Project Coordination PCU effectively coordinating Project Steering Committee Effective PSC attendance
Unit
management of all project (PSC) endorsement of PCU and scrutiny of workplan and
activities
reports on annual basis. schedule. Effective GEF
Standard GEF
evaluation process
monitoring/evaluation
Contract staff and consultants
Timely employment of PCU PSC endorsement of Effective PSC attendance
staff. Consultancies running workplan schedules. Project and scrutiny of workplan and
to workplan schedule
activities evaluated by
schedule. Effective GEF
IA/EAs
evaluation process.
Appropriate and transparent
staff/consultant selection
procedures
5.2 Regional Project Steering



Steering Committee Meetings Effective and timely
Regular and full attendance Clear definition and
(project monitoring, workplan reporting from PSC on annual of PSC meetings by understanding of role of PSC
and budget reviews)
project status, workplan and all countries with
and relationship to
budget. Country
representation at correct PCU/Project Manager. PSC
Commitment to PSC
level. Evaluation of attracts high level of policy
sequentila PSC reports show input from countries.
strong evidence of project Effective response to PSC
steering and fine-tuning
recommendations by PCU
and at National Intersectoral
Committee (NIC) level
5.3 National Project Steering


(National
Intersectoral
Committees)
Meetings of National
Scheduled and effective NICs established in all National commitment to
Intersectoral Committees
national meetings of NIC by countries before end of year intersectoral integration of
all countries
1 and prior to 2nd PSC IWCAM approaches and
meeting. IWCAM principles principles. NIC Membership
adopted at country level allocated at correct level
(confirmed by PSC reports,
evaluations, Stress
Reduction & Process
Indicators)

xl

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Day-to-Day inputs by
Interim input by NIC
Effective feedback noted by Continuity of membership
members
members to project activities PCU and confirmed through maintained at national level
and policy at national and PSC by 3rd PSC
and appropriate membership
regional level
level adopted by countries
5.4 IA/EA Management Group



Annual IA/EA Meetings
IA and EA representatives 1st IA/EA meeting before Availability of IAs and EAs
meeting regularly to provide 2nd PSC meeting and to meet regularly. Continuity
guidance to project on GEF annually thereafter. Report of representation. PCU
Policy issues
recommendations from
responds to requirements.
IA/EA meeting delivered to PSC responds to
PCU and PSC and confirmed requirements
to have been acted on (PSC
Reports and Project
Evaluation process)
EA Interim Management EAs managing execution of Close links between EAs Co-execution modalities
Discussions
project through strong
noted by PSC and Evaluation clearly defined and
working relationship
Process. Effective co- understood. Relationship
between each other and PCU execution documented
between PCU and EAs
clearly defined and
understood
5.5 Project Technical Support



Meetings of Regional
Regular scheduled meetings 1st R-TAG by middle of Appropriate persons
Technical Advisory Group of TAG resulting in effective year 1 and annualy thereafter allocated to TAG (needs
(To provide technical support
and advice to Steering responses to PSC queries, as to coincide with PSC
endorsement by SteerCom).
Committee)
well as pro-active
meetings. PSC reports reflect Effective ToRs for Tag. Full
recommendations on
satisfaction with role of attendance and commitment
project/IWCAM technical
TAG. Project evaluation by countries. Close linkages
issues
reflects regularity of with PSC necessary
meetings as scheduled. PSC
reports valuable inputs from
TAG. ESIs, SRIs and Pis
show improvements that can
be traced back to TAG
recommendations and inputs
5.6 Project Reporting



Reports from Demo Projects PCU confirms scheduled 1st quarterly report received Accurate reporting form
to PCU
reporting by Demo projects
from each demo before end Demo project SteerComs.
of year 1. Quarterly reports Quarterly reporting process
on file and endorsed by PCU being correctly monitored
as appropriate. Best practices and pursued. Mechnaisms in
and lessons being captured place to disseminate
and transmitted to countries. information on lessons and
PSC formally endorses
best practices. PSC meets on
Demo reports on annual annual basis with effective
basis
complement of members
Reports from PCU to Steering PSC receives and responds Steering Committee formally Effective and appropriate
Committee
to PCU reports in timely endorses PCU reports as part representation by countries
manner
of annual agenda
on PSC. Effective PCU
management

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Reports from Steering
EA/IAs confirm and discuss Project Evaluation process
Project Evaluation
Committee to EA/IAs
PSC reports, EA/IA
confirms effectiveness of undertaken effectively and
attendance at PSC to note PSC. EA/IA presence
on schedule to allow timely
deliver of reports at meetings confirmed on PSC list of review and amendment of
attendance
activities. EA/IA
representation appropriate
and continuous
5.7 Project Evaluation



IA Evaluation Requirements
UNDP and UNEP
UNDP monitoring and
UNDP Country Offices fully
undertaking their own
ensuring effective quarterly engaged in monitoring
agency evaluations of reporting from demo
process. Reporting
relevant project activities
projects. PSC adopting and requirements and formats
endorsing these reports on fully understood by all demo
annual basis. Similar
countries. UNEP reporting
reporitng and endorsement requirements relevant to
through UNEP as
agency-component
appropriate
responsibility understood by
all parties
GEF Evaluation Requirements Full GEF Mid-Term and Timely evaluations
On-Schedule selection of
Final Evaluations effectively undertaken by mid to end of appropriate Evaluation
concluded and
year 3 and by mid year 5. Team. Transparent
recommendations acted on
Full endorsement of findings evaluation process. PSC
by PSC and IAs. PSC acts on willing to address concerns
recommendations as
and recommendations
of
confirmed in Final
Evaluation Report
Evaluation
5.8 Project Information



Management System
Establish Regional Project Project Information System Concrete location for Info- Sufficient and sustainable
Information System
(Info-Sys) located on-the- Sys established by mid year funding and support for Info-
ground and actively
2. Staff and equipment Sys. Location identified
networking with countries functional and effective by early in project. ToRs
and other project partners
end of year 2. Countries and approved by PSC early in
EAs confirm satisfaction project. Information quality
through 3rd PSC. Mid-Term is appropriate to support
and Final Evaluations
technical and policy
confirm that Info-Sys is decisions. Technical and
actively supporting country's Policy level regional
technical needs as well as personnel aware of presence
aiding in policy development and accessibility of Info-Sys
and justification
National inputs and outputs Info-Sys regularly
Formal endorsement of Country commitment to
related to Information
interrogated by countries. efficacy of Info-Sys by PCU openness and sharing of vital
Management System
Effective national inputs to country membership. PCU IWCAM information.
Info-Sys as requested by reports confirm national Country commitment to use
PCU and PSC
inputs.
of information to guide
policy decisions. Policy level
feedback to drive capture of
necessary information



xlii

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Resolution of Assumptions and Risks from Component Five

The Project Steering Committee is the most significant body of representation for the effective
management of the project. The PSC meetings will need to be held regularly, on an annual basis. It is
also critically important that the national representatives attending these meeting are from a policy
level and are kept in place continuously throughout the project to ensure a continuity of understanding
and awareness of project issues and management concerns. The ToRs for the Steering Committee will
help to ensure this as will the Project Implementation strategy as defined in the Project Document. PSC
members will need to scrutinise documents effectively and in good time (which means that the PCU
and EAs must ensure that documents are circulated in a timely manner). Again, these requirements are
captured in the ToRs.

The PCU will attend to the day-to-day management of the Project and needs to be effective and
sufficiently supported in resources and capacity. This has been addressed through the budget and
through the identified in-kind contributions of the EAs (particularly CEHI, the host EA). Specific ToRs
will ensure proper accountability and clear definition of responsibilities for project management. Much
of the success of the project will lie in the recruitment of an experienced and suitable Project
Manager/Coordinator and the IAs and EAs will need to have a strong input to this process. Partiality
through selection of a candidate from a participatory country is always a concern and would need to be
addressed through the selection process. Transparency of selection of PCU staff and project specialist
and consultants will be an essential requirement and the IAs have fairly strict rules and procedures for
this which must be adopted by the PCU.

The GEF Mid-Term and Final Evaluations will need to be on schedule and well-orchestrated if they
are to be an effective mechanism for assessing status and success of project outputs and the need to
fine-tune and re-steer the project. The IAs and EAs will need to ensure the selection of an experienced
Evaluation Team in plenty of time to meet the scheduled Evaluation dates (especially as many of the
Verifiable Indicators depend on the Evaluation process for their verification).

Their needs to be close working relationship between the PSC and the National Intersectoral
Committees if IWCAM concepts and practices are to be captured and implemented at the national
level. Project Implementation clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of these two bodies. As
with the PSC, it is important that the NIC have the appropriate membership that can take policy
decisions at the National level, and that the membership remains stable for the sake on continuity.
ToRs for the NIC address this concern.

National endorsement of this project demonstrates a commitment to the aims and objectives of
IWCAM. This will need to strengthened (especially in the face of political cycles and inevitable
election changes) on a continuous basis by awareness and sensitisation as is captured under 5.

The co-execution arrangements has been discussed and agreed between the EAs. The IA/EA meetings
will need to ensure equitable continuation of an effective co-execution and will need to act as the
forum for arbitration and harmony.

The Regional Technical Advisory Committee will also need appropriate and continuous senior level
technical attendance from all relevant national stakeholders associated with IWCAM. Again, the ToRs

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address this and the PSC, through the NICs will need to monitor this requirement carefully. Meetings
of the R-TAG should be consecutive with meetings of the PSC so that the former can advise the latter.

Each demonstration project has a Steering Committee to endorse and submit accurate reports to the
PCU and to the regional PSC. UNDP will be responsible for monitoring the progress of the
Demonstration projects and will implement its standard quarterly reporting process.

A critical requirement for sustainability will be the long-term institutionalisation of many of the
project's management and policy structures at both the national and regional level. As part of an
overall regional mechanism and strategy for long-term IWCAM these institutional arrangements will
need to be discussed and elaborated. The strong commitment of the countries is reflected in their
commitment to this project during a very prolonged development stage. However, support will be
essential in establishing such a strategy and associated institutional support at both the national and
regional level. Fortunately such support is available through the strong Implementing Agency presence
in the region through the UNEP Regional Coordination Unit in Kinston, Jamaica and through UNDP's
regional, sub-regional and national network of offices.

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ANNEX C ­ STAP REVIEW AND RESPONSE



This section includes the text of the STAP review (in Black). This is highlighted (in Red) and
numbered where the Reviewer has raised a concern. This is then addressed by a corresponding
numbered response (in Blue) in the following paragraph.

REVIEW OF GEF PROJECT

Integrating Watershed and Coastal Area Management
in Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean

(Requesting countries: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Grenada,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago)

Implementing agencies: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) &
United Nations Development Programme UNDP)

Executing agencies: The Secretariat of the Cartagena Convention and The Caribbean
Environmental Health Institute


Introduction

Proposed under the International Waters focal area of the GEF, under Operational Program 9
(Integrated Land and Water Multiple Focal Area), this project represents a major effort directed to
addressing many water-related problems specific to small island developing states (SIDS), focusing on
the Caribbean region. Operational Programme 9 recognizes the unique water-related issues common
to most SIDS, including coastal area management and biodiversity, sustainable management of
regional fish stocks, tourism development, protection of water supplies, land and marine-based
pollution sources and vulnerability to climate change. To this end, this project proposes that Integrated
Watershed and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM) is essential for a sustainable future for these
island states, including the undertaking of demonstration projects directed to illustrating this need, and
the means of achieving it. It also indicates that benefits in other GEF focal areas also will result from
the project, including biodiversity, land degradation and climate change. In addition, its goals are
consistent with those of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment
from Land-based Activities (GPA).

Review Criteria

Scientific and technical soundness of the project. The proposed approach includes several
complementary elements, including (1) regional management, coordination and evaluation of IWCAM
objectives, (2) demonstration projects directed to technological and management approaches and
policy and legislative reforms within selected SIDS, (3 identification of appropriate impact indicators

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for measuring IWCAM efficacy, (4) policy, legislative and institutional reform, and (5) regional and
national capacity building for IWCAM. Overall, the project appears to be conceptually, scientifically
and technically sound in regard to its individual components. As noted in the proposal, the Caribbean
SIDs have a long history of extensive, though poorly coordinated, donor support of environmental
programmes. Thus, the need for coordination in regard to IWCAM activities is clear. It also is
consistent with the goals of integrated water resource management as highlighted in Agenda 21 for
both freshwater (Chapter 18) and marine systems (Chapter 17).

One item in the proposal that could use some elaboration is how the integrated, comprehensive
approach being promulgated for managing SIDS watersheds and marine areas is tied to the
demonstration projects that focus on treating "hotspots." The latter typically suffer from only one or a
few major environmental problems, which are the rationale for their being designated as hotspots in the
first place. Although the demonstration projects will produce very useful results in regards to specific
SIDS problems, 1. it is not entirely clear how addressing the individual problems associated with the
hotspots (e.g., wastewater treatment) in the demonstration projects will necessarily illustrate how an
"integrated" approach within the context of IWCAM can be used to address them. Thus, discussion of
a closer linkage between the individual demonstration projects and the overall IWCAM goals would be
useful. 2. Further, although the proposal also proposes establishment of IWCAM institutions (also a
desirable goal), it is not completely clear how they will cooperate.

RESPONSE

1. The objectives of the Demonstration Projects in respect to the overall regional IWCAM project, as
elucidated in the project document are to target selected national and regional hotspots of watershed
and coastal impacts and threats, as well as sensitive areas which are particularly vulnerable to similar
impacts and threats; to address OP9 eligible issues `on-the-ground' through GEF funding supported by
significant co-funding; to deliver real and concrete improvements and mitigation to IWCAM
constraints and impacts; to identify and mobilise reforms to policy, legislation and institutional
realignment consistent with IWCAM objectives; to provide transferable lessons and best practices
which can serve to replicate successes elsewhere both nationally and regionally.

Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management recognises the need to address specific issues
which are barriers to effective watershed and coastal area management, and to integrate the overall
management approach as a mechanism to removing such barriers. All of the Demonstration Projects
aim to demonstrate a thematic aspect of IWCAM by targeting geographical area where IWCAM is
clearly failing, as is highlighted through the Hotspots Analysis. The demonstrations should not be seen
in isolation from an overall IWCAM approach and, indeed, all of them capture this requirement within
their text and their activities. The replication of the successful lessons from each demonstration will
serve to develop a regional model for IWCAM which can be replicated at the national level.

Taking some Demonstration Project examples at random:

Rehabilitation and Management of the Basseterre Valley as a Protection Measure for the
Underlying Aquifer aims to demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to aquifer
management which gathers together stakeholder support from the private sector, the water resource
management sector, the tourism industry and the NGO community in order to find innovative ways of

xlvi

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valuing and protecting important water resources in the context of overall management and protection
of the watershed and related coastal areas.

Protecting and Valuing Watershed Services and Developing Management Incentives in the Fond
D'or Watershed Area of St. Lucia will demonstrate the concept of transferred benefits and
stakeholder management whilst working and integrating with partners to develop the concept of using
market-based mechanisms to improve the contribution of watershed services to livelihoods in the
Caribbean. The intention is to show how integrated watershed and coastal are management can be
developed within a major island watershed and then replicated nationally through adoption of a
national IWCAM strategy.

Land-Use Planning and Watershed Restoration as part of a Focused IWCAM Demonstration in
the Courland Watershed and Buccoo Reef Area is integrating the management of land degradation
issues, soil erosion and coastal damage. IDB, a close project partner, is addressing the other major
issue of wastewater contamination. There is a clear integrative effort here both physically down the
watershed to the coastal fringes, and policy-wise and in respect to issues through close collaboration
with a major partner to address these issues in parallel and to develop a single management approach
to coastal and watershed concerns.

Application of IWCAM Concepts at Cienfuegos Bay and its Watershed will aim to demonstrate
the many components required, and the need to resolve many issues within one large basin and coastal
area in order to effectively capture IWCAM as a working principle. This project recognises and
focuses on the need to evolve an effective Management Body to cover the many issues and concerns.
Although all the projects will effectively aim to address this management body issues, this particular
demonstration is operating under different political dynamics.

So, individually and as a package, the Demonstration project approach has a clear intent (supported by
concrete actions) to deliver examples of effective and replicable IWCAM.

2. The project does not promote the idea of establishing any new IWCAM institutions as such although
there is a clear intent to strengthen and/or build on existing institutions within the region (e.g. CEHI,
GPA Clearing House, Cartagena Secretariat, other relevant regional bodies such as NGOs). However,
there may be some justification on the basis of sustainability for IWCAM for the regional Steering
Committee to take on the long-term role of a regional IWCAM body, Countries may also choose to
institutionalise their National Intersectoral Committees for IWCAM and this, too, could be a very
supportive step toward sustainable IWCAM. In both of the latter cases, the bodies in question would
presumably simply have to `role-over' into a suitable policy and legislative environment which would
be prepared through Component 3. Their operation and cooperation would continue much as had
been established in their earlier project support roles thereby alleviating any concerns in that respect.

Nevertheless, if successfully completed, the project represents a significant advancement in addressing
the unique resource utilization and management problems associated with SIDS. If the ambitious
goals outlined in the proposal, and the proposed outcomes, can be achieved, a considerable step in
providing management guidance for the sustainable use of freshwater and marine waters of SIDS will
have been achieved.


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Identification of global environmental benefits and/or drawbacks of the project, and consistency with
the goals of the GEF. The proposed project clearly identifies a number of globally-related goals
associated with SIDS, particularly biodiversity. It also suggests that the information gained in the
project also will have relevance in attempting to address the predicted problems associated with
climate change. The proposal addresses a major cause of environmental degradation associated with
SIDS; namely, the lack of an holistic approach to integrated freshwater ­ coastal area management.
Fragmentation of authority and responsibility, as well as inadequate financial and intellectual
resources, are identified in the proposal as being among the major root causes for the lack of integrated
approaches to integrated management of the freshwater and marine resources of SIDS.

It is noted that, although the proposal identifies many problems associated with SIDS, including
diminishing freshwater supplies, degraded water quality, unsustainable tourism, inappropriate land use,
climate change and natural disasters, the reality is that these same problems also are associated with
mainland coastal areas as well. The primary difference between the two is that the ultimate impacts of
these problems are considerably more serious in the case of SIDs. This is due to their relatively small
sizes, isolation, small natural resource base (including water), a high degree of endemism, and limited
financial and human resources. This reality provides another compelling reason for undertaking the
proposed activities, which will facilitate a more rational and environmentally-sustainable use of the
resources of SIDs.

Given the underlying project goals of facilitating IWCAM within the Caribbean SIDS, and in
providing demonstration projects illustrating the use of this approach, the project is consistent with the
goals of the integrated land and water multiple focal area outlined in Operational Programme 9 of the
GEF Operational Strategy. The results of the project also should be applicable to SIDs in other
locations around the world.

To this end, it will be especially important to widely disseminate the project results and outputs. 3.
The proposal implies this will be done, and additional information on how it will be undertaken would
be useful in the proposal. The Caribbean Regional Seas Programme, the relevant UNDP national
offices, and the GEF International Waters IW-LEARN network are identified in the proposal.
However, other global, regional and national outlets might also be considered.

3. One of the project activities under Component 2 is the establishment of a Regional Project
Information System which will capture inputs form all of the country Regional Project activities as
well as the Demonstration Project activities. This will be linked to Component 1.3 where activities are
identified to develop mechanisms for the transfer of lessons and best practices. Component 4.5
addresses Project Networking which aims to develop working project linkages and partnerships
through national and regional institutions. Similar linkages to other IWCAM related projects, and the
development of a Regional Partnership Forum. Although the specific outlets for such information
dissemination have not as yet been identified, this would be a primary function and requirement of the
overall integrated nature of the project, both at the national, regional and global level. Until the
necessary IWCAM regional management structure has been established it would be difficult to
propagate and develop any such linkages. Once the project is under implementation a high priority will
be given to developing these critical linkages and relationships for information-sharing regionally
through the stakeholder and partnership forums, and by active contact at the global level. Clearly,
within the concepts of stakeholder participation which are an essential component of the overall fabric

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of the project, part of the success of this participation will rely on the effective sharing and
dissemination of all project information to and between all parties

The above explanation has now been incorporated into the text of the Component 4 to add clarity. See
also comments under 8. below

Regional context of project. The participation of 13 Caribbean SIDs, including their involvement in
the demonstration projects and in dissemination of project results, suggests the regional context of the
project is more than adequate.

Project replicability. A major contribution of the project would be its replicability for SIDs in other
locations in the world. Virtually all SIDs share the same problems of environmental stresses, limited
natural resources in the face of increasing resource demands, and limited financial and intellectual
resources to varying degrees. Thus, the project results would likely be replicable in other regions. In
particular, the demonstration projects directed to addressing the hotspots should be a major
contribution of the project, and will contribute significantly to its potential for replication of beneficial
IWCAM practices and techniques, both for the Caribbean region and elsewhere.

Sustainability of the project. The sustainability of this project appears to rest primarily within the
context of project components four and five, which could be considered the "make or break"
components of the project. Component four addresses policy, legislative and institutional reform for
Caribbean SIDs. Successful implementation of this component will help address the institutional
fragmentation and lack of a common regional vision that is hampering the implementation of
regionwide IWCAM efforts. Component five will be equally, if not more, important to the
sustainability of the project. It includes regional and national capacity building, including planning,
coordination and knowledge-sharing among the various agencies and programmes involved in
IWCAM-related activities in the Caribbean region. To this end, the project identifies national
awareness workshops and multisectoral sensitization to IWCAM issues, coupled with a dynamic, long-
term awareness campaign targeting all sectors and stakeholders. The involvement of the stakeholders
will be particularly important in regard to project sustainability.

The ultimate sustainability of the project will rest in the will of the individual SIDs to improve and
refine their policies and legislation, and to enhance coordination collectively throughout the Caribbean
region. Although experience with integrated water resource management elsewhere in the world is
varied, it is clear that sustaining interest in such activities over the long term will be a major challenge.
4. Accordingly, the project should ensure a significant post-project monitoring activity, with ample
opportunity for feedback and modification. Although this output is identified in the proposal, the
project management team should pay special attention to this difficult task, even beyond that already
outlined in the proposal. Fortunately, the outputs of component three should assist in facilitating the
regional and national capacity building called for in component four.

4. The support of the STAP Reviewer in this important issue is greatly appreciated. Post-project
monitoring has been a past weakness of nearly all GEF projects. This is more a reflection of budget
difficulties rather than intent. When projects close all budget accounts must also close and any
remaining funds returned to GEF which allows no provision for funding post-project monitoring. In
order to circumnavigate this problem, the project has identified this activity as being a function of ex-

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GEF co-funding, and has made actual workplan provisions for its implementation. However, it is an
agreed weakness that the actual co-funding has not as yet been secured and would need to be
negotiated through the project lifetime (which does not represent a failure under GEF eligibility and
criteria as there is no requirement to undertake post-project monitoring). The presence of a number of
very effective and dedicated NGO partners (a long with the support of the governments) should help to
make this intention a reality. However, the STAP Reviewer is correct to bring this to the attention of
the future project Management Team.

In recognition of the STAP Reviewer very valid concern, the following text has now been added to the
section on monitoring and Evaluation within the Brief.

`Provisions have been made within the workplan and budget to undertake post-project
evaluation (with a sum of co-funding identified for that purpose). Such post-project evaluation
is not a standard requirement by GEF in view of difficulties of budgeting for activities beyond
the project lifetime (The requirement to audit and close the project accounts at the end of the
project life-time). In this instance, the need has been recognised and the level of funding
identified, but the actual source of funding has yet to be confirmed. The PCU and project
management team should recognise the need to capture this funding, through partnerships with
NGOs, etc, and to confirm its availability before the final year of the project'.

Targeted research projects. Component one of the proposal identifies a wide range of demonstration
projects directed to addressing "hotspots" identified for the various Caribbean SIDs. The proposed
demonstration projects will provide valuable information on how to address the specific issues
associated with these hotspots. In view of the unique natural resource and socioeconomic problems of
SIDs, and given that the demonstration projects are meant to demonstrate the efficacy of IWCAM
applied to SIDS, there is no doubt the project outcomes will provide valuable information on how to
address similar problems in SIDs elsewhere as well.

Linkage to other GEF focal areas. The project is proposed as an International Waters project under the
GEF International Waters focal area, under Operational Program 9. It also suggests that it will produce
benefits in other GEF focal areas, notably biodiversity, land degradation and climate change. Noting
the comprehensive, interrelated goals of the project, there is a clear linkage with other GEF focal areas,
and the project appears more than adequate in regard to its proposed coverage of relevant topics.

Linkages to other proposals. Integrated management of water resources for their sustainable use is a
major focus of many projects within the GEF International Water portfolio. Further, the integration of
freshwater and coastal area management concerns is a very important component highlighted in the
proposal. There is no doubt of the need for this type of information and data for addressing this
important issue regarding SIDs. The UNEP Regional Seas Programmes, for example, identify river
basins as the source of approximately 80% of the pollutant load to coastal areas. UNEP, UNDP and
the World Bank also have implemented many projects under the International Water Portfolio,
identifying integrated freshwater resource management as a fundamental goal. Further, the Global
Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities
previously highlighted the need to address the linkage between the degradation and pollution of coastal
waters, and the root causes of these problems; namely, the input of pollutants and other stresses
originating in the freshwater basins that drain to the coastal areas. The envisioned project, therefore, is

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adequately linked to other GEF water-related goals. Even more important, whether considered for
SIDs and/or mainland coastal areas, the whole notion of IWCAM is, as noted in the proposal, still very
much in its infancy. Thus, there is no doubt that the anticipated outcomes of this project will provide
useful information and guidance to developing and implementing the necessary activities for achieving
this difficult goal. Its application to the particular problems of SIDs further strengthens its relevance.

Other beneficial or damaging environmental effects. The potential beneficial outcomes of the project
were previously articulated. Further, the project has no known or obvious damaging environmental
impacts associated with the activities proposed to be executed.

Degree of involvement of stakeholders in the project. As previously noted, stakeholder involvement is
a fundamental requirement for the success of this project. Thus, effective dissemination of the results
of the demonstration projects, the legislative and policy reforms, and the capacity-building efforts are
fundamental project needs. 5. The project management team should make every effort to ensure this
goal is achieved, even beyond those activities already outlined in the project.

5. The STAP Reviewer's concerns are recognized and have been address through 3. above and in the
text of the Brief under Component 4.

Capacity building aspects of the project. Component four is specifically aimed at region and national
capacity building, with IWCAM sustainability being the ultimate goal. Given the intention to
disseminate the project results via national and regional workshops, regional training networks, IW-
LEARN, etc., it appears that efforts are being made to facilitate this capacity building. The political
will on the part of the involved SIDs in regard to implementing the results of the project as they relate
to their individual situation also will be an important aspect of this project, and warrants further
discussion in the proposal.

Project innovativeness. Given the focus of SIDs and their water-related problems as the basis for the
proposal, there is no doubt that the project is innovative in its intents and purposes. Identifying
barriers and limitations to the implementation of IWCAM for SIDs is an example of this attribute,
given that we have little information or experience on this complex issue, either in the Caribbean or
elsewhere where significant groupings of SIDs exist. The project identifies the need to integrate the
management needs of both types of aquatic systems within the context of the environmental and
socioeconomic concerns of multiple SIDs. To this end, the issues to be addressed in this project, and
their replicability to other SIDs, is an innovative approach to addressing a complex problem.

General Conclusion and Recommendation

Overall, the proposed project, with the goal of "Integrating Watershed and Coastal Area Management
(IWCAM) in the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean," appears to be consistent with the
GEF International Waters operational program, its broader philosophy, and the general GEF funding
criteria. Although there are areas in the proposal that might be further elaborated, the overall
conclusion is that the need for the anticipated outcomes from this project is significant. As noted in the
proposal, humanity's experience in regard to the integrated management of watersheds and coastal
areas of SIDs is elementary at best. It also is noted that the implementation of the demonstration
projects, focusing on obtaining maximum information on the problems to be addressed, and the

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widespread dissemination of the results throughout the Caribbean region and for similar SIDS, must be
a primary project goal. Nevertheless, given the unusual physical and socioeconomic situations
associated with SIDs, there is no doubt that valuable information and guidance will be generated
within the project components. The Implementing Agencies, as well as other UN and international
organizations and donors doing work related to SIDs, also will benefit from the anticipated outcomes
of this project.
Accordingly, given the urgent need for the information, data and experiences being sought with this
ambitious project, there is no doubt as to its ultimate value. Accordingly, this reviewer strongly
recommends this project for GEF funding.

Walter Rast, Ph.D.
Roster of STAP Experts


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