"Colombia, Costa Rica and Nicaragua Reducing Pesticide Run-off into the Caribbean
Sea" (GEF-REPCar)
Report of the Second Meeting of the Coastal Monitoring Programme
Kingston, March 27 - 28, 2008
Summary and agreements of the Meeting
The objective of the meeting was to discuss the progress made in developing the Pesticides
Coastal Monitoring Programme of, review the capacity of participating institutions, define
the most appropriate sampling techniques, select the matrices, compounds and methods of
analysis to be used as well as the quality control standards to be developed, assess monitoring
alternatives in the marine environment, and complete the general framework for the
Programme.
Representatives from the research institutes involved in the programme (INVEMAR,
CIMAR-CICA and CIRA/UNAN), as well as four external experts (Dr. Sericano, University
of Texas A&M United States; Dr. Gerardo Gold, CINVESTAV Mexico; Dr. Carlos Alonso,
CEAC Cuba; Dr. Fernando Ruiz, CIMAB Cuba) participated at the meeting. The external
experts, together with the experts from participating institutions, make up the advisory panel
on the coastal monitoring of pesticides. Also participating in the meeting were persons linked
to the REPCar Project, through UNEP -RCU/CAR.
Dr. Nelson Andrade of UNEP CAR/RCU opened the session on the first day. The Project
Coordinator, Dr. Alexandre Cooman, then reported on the state of implementation of the
REPCar project. Dr. Sericano made a presentation on different sampling techniques, matrices
and methods of analyzing pesticides. Dr. Gold presented a case study on the pollution of the
Mesoamerican coral reef system. Finally, delegates from INVEMAR (Colombia),
CIMAR/CICA (Costa Rica) and CIRA/UNAN (Nicaragua) reported on their respective
institutions; their existing capacities for pesticide monitoring; and pesticide use in their
respective countries. They also submitted their proposals for monitoring. Each participant
received a CD with copies of the presentations made.
The second day was devoted to developing the technical aspect of the monitoring programme
with a discussion of aspects related to the design of the programme (objectives, marine and
coastal zone monitoring, sampling techniques, components to be monitored, quality control,
training and information management).
The following is a summary of the most salient issues discussed and the agreements reached:
1. Objective of the Coastal Monitoring Programme
In order to design a monitoring programme so that the information generated from it could
contribute to the objectives of the REPCar Project, it was necessary to clarify the objectives
of the programme.
The objective of the coastal monitoring programme is to monitor and evaluate pesticide run-
off into the Caribbean Sea. Through this programme, baseline information on pesticide
pollution in marine and coastal areas would be provided. It seeks, as far as possible, to
complement this information with the monitoring of pesticide run-off in specific zones
(watersheds), to provide agricultural users with this information and thus promote best
practices in the use of pesticides. The information generated will serve as a baseline and will,
in the long run, become an indicator of the environmental benefits generated by this project,
among others.
2. Needs and Existing Capacities
It was decided to hold a training course on sampling and pesticide analysis techniques of to
cater to the needs of the three countries. This course will be conducted at the Center for
Research on Environmental Pollution (CICA), in San José, Costa Rica. The course director
will be Dr. Elizabeth Carazo of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and the instructor will be
Dr. José Sericano of the University of Texas A&M. Essentially, the training course will
consist of two parts; the first part will be devoted to sampling, quality control and analysis of
non-persistent pesticides. This first part of the course, which will take place from July 17,
2008, will be funded by the REPCar project. The second part will be organized by the IAEA
and will run from July 9-18, 2008. The main focus of this second part will be the taking of
samples of sediments, the analysis of non-persistent organochloride pesticides and data
management.
Colombia and Costa Rica will appoint two technicians to participate in the training, while
Nicaragua, following a request from the CIRA/UNAN to the Regional Project Coordinator,
was allotted three spaces.
A preparatory logistical visit to the CICA by Dr. Sericano to discuss with the CICA Director
the activities to be carried out as well as laboratory requirements is under consideration.
UNEP-RCU/CAR will also contact IAEA and CICA officials to agree on the various
thematic issues and the logistics for carrying out the relevant training sessions. The
administrative part of the course will be covered by an MOU with the CICA and a special
services contract (SSA) with the instructor.
The following table provides a summary of the needs and capacities of the various entities to
implement coastal monitoring.
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Table 1. Entities and their existing capacities and needs.
Entity Existing
Capacities
Needs
Technical staff: Two chemists, one chemical engineer,
High Performance liquid
two laboratory assistants
chromatography HPLC (50%).
bia)
Ground transportation, four boats, one research vessel,
Staff: One chemist, one laboratory
multi-corer sampling equipment, sample-collection
assistant.
bottles and dredges.
(Colom
Gas-liquid chromatograph with electron-capture
Pesticide standards
detector, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
Glass instruments
VEMAR
fluorescence.
Chemical reagents
IN
Soxhlet equipment
Ultrasound equipment
Technical staff: Two PhDs., one MSc, laboratory staff:
Gas generators and complementary
chemists and laboratory assistants.
equipment, dredge
Ground transportation, three hard-hull vessels, multi-
Staff: One chemist and one laboratory
A
corer sampling equipment, sample-collection bottles,
assistant.
C
ca)
chemical laboratory, Renewed laboratory accreditation
in accordance with ISO Standard IEC 17025 with
Reagents and other laboratory tools
R / CI
A
numerous tests on pesticide residues and parameters on
M
(Costa Ri
water quality.
Pesticide standards.
CI
Analytical techniques with the use of instruments: GC-
ECD, GC-FPD, GC-NPD, GC-MS, CLAR-diode array
detection, fluorescence, UV, Radiometric techniques and
others..
Technical staff: One Ph.D., one MSc, three chemists and Gas chromatograph with mass
one laboratory assistant.
spectrometer (100%).
Ground transportation, 23-foot boat with outboard
Flow centrifuge
motor, tow vessel, multi-corer sampling equipment,
NAN
sample-collection bottles, dredges and 12 V submersible
Pesticide standards,
agua)
pump.
Glass instruments and inputs for new
methodologies.
(Nicar
CIRA / U
Gas chromatograph with ECD, FID and FPD detectors,
If possible, data system, provided that
Liquid chromatograph with DAD detectors and
UNEP's programmes are granted
Fluorescence.
special prices,
- Degree programmes.
3. Compounds to be monitored
In order to select the compounds to be monitored, a matrix was first drawn up with the help
of the advisory panel, representing the pesticides most frequently used in the main
agricultural crops of the three countries (table 2). This was further complemented with
information on the physical and chemical properties of these compounds, such as: soil
dissociation coefficient (Kd), average life span ((t ½), dissociation constant Octanol Water
dissociation constant (Kow), Organic Carbon dissociation constant (Koc) and techniques
used in their analysis: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas
chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorous detector (NPD), electron capture detector
(ECD), High Performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC UV),
High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescent detector (HPLC - F),
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photometric detector (FPD), Gas chromatography connected to a selective mass detector (CG
MS).
Table 2. Most widely used pesticides in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Colombia, type of
pesticide [Fungicide (F), Insecticide (I), Herbicide (H), Nematicide (N)], their characteristics
and methods used to analyze them. Pesticides selected as tracers (highlighted in green).
Pesticides removed from the list due to limited information (highlighted in yellow).
Methods
V
.
S
Molecules NIC
COS
COL
Type
C
-
F
D
D
-
U
C
C
D
rim
M
Kd
L
t½ Kow
Koc
HPL
NP
EC
FP
GC-
HPL
HP
colo
..Zoles
X
x
x
F
x
70
3,7
950
Azoxistrobina
X
x
x
F
x
2,5
Bitertanol
x
x
F
10
4,1
Bromacil
x
H
x
x
150
1,88
Carbaryl
X
x
x
I
x
28
1,85
Carbendazin
X
x
F
x
365
1,38
250
Carbofuran
X
x
x
I-N
x
x
60
1,5
22
Carbosulfan
X
x
I
x
x
30
5,4
Chlorotalonil
X
x
x
F
x
Chlorpirifos
X
x
x
I
x
x
x
x
x
x
120
4,7
12600
Diazinon
X
x
x
I
x
x
21
3,3
332
Dichlorvos
X
I
x
x
x
x
1
1,9
Dimethoate
X
x
I
x
x
x
16
0,7
51
Diuron
X
x
H
x
x
240
2,8
EBDs
X
x
x
F
x
1
0,26
1000
Endosulfan
X
x
I
x
x
240
4,7
20000
Etoprofos
X
x
x
I-N
x
x
28
3,6
Fenamifos
X
x
x
N
x
x
50
3,3
Fosetil-Al
x
F
1
0
Glifosato
X
x
x
H
x
146
3,2
Imazalil
x
x
F
x
x
68
3,82
Imazapir
x
H
7
0,11
Imazetapir
X
x
H
2
1,04
Methylparation
X
x
x
I
x
x
x
30
3
Oxamil
X
x
I-N
x
7
0,44
100
Paraquat
X
x
x
H
x
00 7 4,5
300
Piretroides
X
x
x
I
x
x
00 23 4,6
Pirimetanil
x
F
Spiroxamine
X
x
F
x
2,79
Terbufos
X
x
I-N
x
x
27
2,77
Tiabendazol
x
x
F
x
x
120
2,39
Triadimefon
X
x
F
x
x
18
3,11
300
Triadimenol
X
x
F
x
x
375
3,08
Triazines
X
x
H
x
x
x
120
2,63
300
Tridemorph
X
x
x
F
50
4,2
10000
Finally, due to their longer average life span (t½) and greater dissociation constant in Organic
Carbon (Koc), the following compounds from table 2 were selected to be monitored by the
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three countries: zoles (ciproconazole, propiconazole, among others), carbosulfan,
chlorpirifos, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprofos, fenamifos, glyfosate, imazalil, methylparation,
triadimefon/triadimenol, triazines, tridemorf. Bromacil, carbendazim, carbofuran and
tiabendazol were chosen to be monitored in water. Participants also considered using the
pesticides chlorpirifos and endosulfan as tracers in coastal monitoring, as these molecules
have a longer life cycle. It was further agreed to verify whether other organochlorate
pesticides, such as DDT were detected and if so, to report their presence. However, once the
countries have obtained all the information on the pesticides used, these will again be
reviewed with the expert panel to determine the pesticides to be monitored in the future.
4. Design of the monitoring programme: zone, stations, frequencies and matrices
The specific proposals of the countries in the zones where coastal monitoring will be
conducted are listed below:
4.1 Colombia
Monitoring will be carried out at 47 stations in the following zones: Ciénaga Grande de Santa
Marta (6), the Magdalena River estuary (3), Bahía de Cartagena (3), Gulf of Morrosquillo (1),
the Sinú River estuary (2), Gulf of Urabá (7) and the oceanic zone, including San Andrés
and Providencia (25).
In the coastal stations, the water matrix will be monitored twice a year over a two-year period
- once in the dry season and once in the rainy season. Only one ocean trip is planned for the
oceanic stations during the rainy season of the first year. The matrix of surface sediment will
be done in the different zones during the rainy seasons of the first and last years.
4.2 Costa Rica
Coastal monitoring will be carried out in the five zones located near the estuaries of the
Matína, Estrella, Moín, and Tortuguero rivers, as well as in Puerto Vargas. At each of these
sites, two samples of the water and sediment matrix will be taken. During the first two years
of the Project, monitoring will be carried out twice a year, in the dry and rainy seasons.
Costa Rica will carry out preliminary monitoring, optimizing the IAEA Project (RLA/7/012)
sampling to be conducted in the course of 2008, with the taking of samples of surface
sediments at coastal points. These samples will be analyzed for granulometry, heavy metals
and pesticides.
4.3 Nicaragua
Monitoring will focus on coastal lagoons, river estuaries and watersheds. The CIRA/UNAN
will propose four watersheds to be considered for monitoring to the national coordination
committee: (Río Grande de Matagalpa, Río Escondido, between Río Escondido and Punta
Gorda and Río San Juan). The National Coordination Committee will be responsible for
making a selection from among the proposals made, due consideration being given to
agricultural crops present in the watersheds.
Other existing techniques for monitoring pesticides in coastal areas were revised. They are:
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· Sediment traps: these should be left for a period of two to three months, as this is the
time required for them to provide the necessary information. The dimensions of the
traps were not specified, neither was it decided whether they would be made
individually or acquired commercially. While these traps are a very good option, they
were ruled out due to their lack of security and the time required for them to remain in
the sampling area.
· Passive sampling: equipment with semi-permeable membranes or with a combination
of polymeric resins, which allow for the accumulation of pollutants. They should be
installed with due attention to the water current, and care should also be taken to
avoid them being stolen. These were also ruled out due to lack of security.
Furthermore, according to the hydrophylic characteristics of the molecules to be
analyzed, the correlation of the results between the samplers with the other matrices to
be studied (sediments and biota) could be hampered.
The matrices to be monitored were reviewed with the advisory panel. It was noted that the
analysis of pesticides in water may provide an indication of run-off at a given period, but that
due to significant variations in time and space, this information is difficult to use in
monitoring programmes. For this reason, it is more advisable to conduct an analysis of
marine sediments and biota that are characteristic of the area, since those results indicate the
process of accumulation of pesticides over a given period. It was agreed to carry out one
general study as a means of establishing a baseline to determine the presence of pesticides in
marine and coastal areas. The study should cover the following matrices:
· Surface sediment with a resolution of 0.5 cm in the floculate layer, with sampling to
be carried out using a corer or multi-corer. This layer probably represents some two or
three years of sedimentation.
· Water
· Particles in suspension
· Biota (Ronco Blanco fish (Haemulon plumieri), bivalves or other organisms).
Analyses should be based on the quantification of the pesticides previously selected for
sediments and water.
Samples of water and particles in suspension must be collected at a depth of one meter. The
sediments to be analyzed should weigh approximately 30-50 grams, while the volume of
water to be used for sampling should be between 5 and 10 liters.
Finally, the following recommendations should be taken into account with regard to
coastal monitoring by the countries:
· Nicaragua will conduct monitoring only in coastal zones, coastal lagoons and
watersheds but not in marine zones, as it does not have much experience in
monitoring on the open seas.
· Colombia will consider reducing the number of stations in marine monitoring and
will review its sampling objectives to focus on the statistics of sample selection.
Monitoring will also be carried out in San Andrés in order to obtain first-hand
information on the boundary between Colombia and Nicaragua.
· In Costa Rica, the CIMAR/CICA will work together with the IAEA project in Costa
Rica, which is headed by JAPDEVA, for the taking of samples in marine zones.
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After conducting the baseline monitoring, each country will, on the basis of the results
obtained, conduct a new review of the zones and stations to be monitored. To do this, zones
(test plots are also considered as zones), compounds (baseline results and products used in
specific crops), matrices (consider also techniques that can help determine run-off over short
periods, such as passive sampling and sediment traps). This monitoring scheme will be
circulated among participants and members of the expert panel for their review, comments
and suggested changes.
5. Other variables to be monitored
Mr. Christopher Corbin of the AMEP subprogramme (Assessment and Management of
Environmental Pollution) of UNEP-CAR/RCU spoke on the need for participating countries
to monitor water quality indicators. This would allow for the classification of coastal waters,
thus complying with the provisions of the LBS Protocol of the Cartagena Convention.
These variables include such parameters as salinity, temperature, suspended solids, nutrients,
coliforms, among others. It should be noted that these are not essential for the coastal
monitoring programmes of the REPCar Project, but given the low cost of these types of
analyses, it was recommended that countries include them in this programme wherever
possible. The AMEP officer will submit a list of variables to the Project Coordinator for
distribution to the participants.
In the case of Colombia, the REDCAM programme has been conducting tests on these
parameters at different stations on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts since 2001.
6. Quality Assurance
The insistence of the productive sector (Croplife LA) on receiving quality assurance of the
pesticide monitoring programme was cited, as this sector could be directly affected by its
results. It is therefore crucial to guarantee the quality of the results obtained.
Training courses will be organized as part of the actions undertaken in the three participating
countries to guarantee the quality of the results. A standardized methodology will be used in
these course ranging from the taking of samples to reporting on the results of the analysis of
the compounds to be studied.
Furthermore, Dr. Sericano will be responsible for compiling a manual on sampling, analysis
and reporting to be used in the three countries and ensure that they are conducted in the same
way, although this depends on the equipment available in the respective laboratories and the
methodology already in place. A consultancy contract will be made with Dr. Sericano for the
preparation of this manual, which will also cover his services as lecturer for the CICA course
and a preparatory mission to CICA.
The CICA, through Dr. Elizabeth Carazo, will provide Dr. Sericano with an unrestricted copy
of the manual on laboratory techniques to serve as a basis for the manual which he will
develop for the REPCar Project.
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Since there is no available reference material on the pesticides covered under this
programme, information will be optimized with the aid of calibration tests and inter-
laboratory controls. This aspect should be considered as part of the training course.
7. Information Management
UNEP-CAR/RCU proposed combing different tools for the management and dissemination
of information. The AMEP subprogramme is currently designing its information
management system in relation to its projects and activities. It is important that information
be presented in a coherent fashion and be easily accessible to different types of users.
It was pointed out that each entity will be responsible for managing its own information,
using its own resources or the resources of the monitoring programme. At the same time,
UNEP-CAR/RCU wishes to receive a copy of all information gathered for its records and to
ensure the widest possible dissemination of the results. To do this, funding will come from
the Project's resources, different from the resources of the coastal monitoring programme.
The mechanism for providing information to a third party still remains to be determined, as
well as the possible reserve time period to allow scientific publications by participating
institutions.
It was proponed that two complementary mechanisms be used for disseminating information
arising from the monitoring programme. The first would be to develop "clickable maps"
(interactive maps) as a tool by which summarized information and metadata on the coastal
monitoring programme could be made available on the project web page. These interactive
maps will facilitate the establishment of links to the participants' internet pages, as well as the
downloading of files and pictures. This tool will be developed so that institutions may upload
and update information on their activities.
As a second mechanism, consideration is being given to the option of providing users with
the results of monitoring by means of a GIS IMS application. This will allow users the
possibility of interactively viewing the different variables, localities, times and other factors.
A module will allow participants in the monitoring programme to upload files or information
on line. UNEP-CAR/RCU does not have the capacity to develop, store and maintain a GIS
IMS application, and is therefore currently considering offers from different providers of the
service. INVEMAR has offered this service to the IAEA Project (RLA/7/012), which is why
it is a preferred option for the REPCar project. The CIRA has also expressed a wish to be
considered as a provider of this service, especially if the GIS IMS infrastructure is to be
installed in an institution.
8. Administrative Issues
The overall budget for the coastal monitoring programme is US$660,000 for the three
countries, to be divided into three equal parts. These resources should be used to cover the
activities aimed at strengthening the laboratories of participating institutions, and cover the
costs specifically relating to diagnosis in marine zones and monitoring activities in
watersheds, coastal lagoons and estuaries. Project funds may not be used to cover
administrative costs, which should be considered the responsibility of participating
institutions.
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Since monitoring is a complex activity, requiring a budget of more than US$100,000 and
lasting for over a year, a Sub-project Document (SpD) must be prepared. As some time is
required for the internal processing of the SpD, it is proposed that memoranda of
understanding (MOUs) be established with the entities for start-up activities.
Each country will prepare a Project document that will serve as a basis for the SpDs or
MOUs, with the following contents:
· Background of the institution
· Background and justification of the subject
· Objectives
· Results expected
· Activities to be carried out
· Methodology
· Time table
· Budget
· Logical framework matrix with indicators that establish a link with the REPCar
Project.
9. Conclusions
The monitoring of non-persistent pesticides and organochlorates in the coastal and marine
zones of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Colombia is quite a new undertaking, the possible results
of which are as yet unknown. For this reason, it is very risky to have a pre-established,
detailed programme on the compounds to be monitored and the frequency of testing. It was
therefore decided that in the first instance, a diagnostic study should be done of pesticides in
coastal and marine zones, and that this should serve as a baseline monitoring study. On the
basis of this diagnostic study, actions could be suggested for the monitoring of pesticide run-
off in future years.
In order to guarantee the quality of sampling, ensure standardization of working methods and
security of the results, a training course will be organized at CICA, conducted by Dr.
Sericano in collaboration with the experts from each country. The names of the two
delegates to participate in the training must therefore be submitted by May 2008. At the
same time, Dr. Sericano will undertake a bibliographical review of techniques to be used to
detect the selected pesticides in water and sediment matrices.
Costa Rica will do a preliminary sample for pesticides monitoring in the field study to be
performed with the IAEA Project (RLA/7/012), in mid-2008. A number of these samples will
be processed during the CICA training course.
The results to be derived from this Project have a local, national and global impact. It is
therefore important to guarantee the quality of the results at each stage. One of the actions
that REPCar will undertake will be to engage Dr. Sericano as a consultant to develop a
manual of the techniques to be followed by each participating institution. It is expected that
the manual will be ready for distribution around June 16, 2008.
Each participating institution will need to revise the coastal monitoring proposal presented at
this meeting and complement it with the items to be submitted by 30 April 2008. This will
then be reviewed by the expert panel before being submitted to the Regional Coordinator for
the preparation of MOUs and SpDs at the end of May 2008.
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The third meeting on coastal monitoring will be held in early 2009 to provide follow-up on
the activities and assess the results obtained.
10. Participants
Present at this meeting were delegates from the Research Centers of Colombia, Costa Rica,
Nicaragua; external experts and officers from UNEP-RCU/CAR.
Colombia
Luisa Espinosa. Biologist, Ph.D. INVEMAR Cerro de Punta Betin. Santa Marta, Colombia.
Tel. (57-5) 4214774, Fax: (57-5) 4315761 E-mail: lespinosa@invemar.org.co
Costa Rica
Carlos León Rojas. Director Programa de Posgrado en Química. Universidad de Costa Rica. 2060 San Pedro,
Montes de Oca. San José, Costa Rica. Tel. (506) 2207-4044. Cel. (506)-8830-4003. Fax. (506) 2207-4044. E-
mail: carlos.leon@ucr.ac.cr
Elizabeth Carazo Rojas. Directora Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental. Universidad de Costa
Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Tel. (506) 2207-5132 /2 207-4479. Fax: (506) 2253-1363
E-mail: ecarazo@cariari.ucr.ac.cr , carazo.elizabeth@gmail.com
Nicaragua
Katherine Vammen. Subdirectora Centro para la Investigación en Recursos Acuáticos de Nicaragua.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, CIRA/UNAN. Tel. (505) 278-6981-2. Fax: (505) 267-8169
E-mail: kvammen@cira-unan.edu.ni
Jorge Cuadra. Investigador y Jefe del Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos Centro para la Investigación en
Recursos Acuáticos de Nicaragua. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. CIRA/UNAN. Tel.: (505)
278-6981 2. Fax: (505) 267-8169. E-mail: jorge.cuadra@cira-unan.edu
Jose Sericano. Investigador Asociado y Profesor Asociado Adjunto Geochemical and Environmental Research
Group (GERG)Texas A&M University. 833 Graham Rd., College Station Texas 77845, U.S.A.
EXTERNAL EXPERTS
Tel: (979) 862-2323 ext. 167. Fax: (979) 862-2361. E-mail: jsericano@gerg.tamu.edu
Gerardo Gold. Investigador Unidad Mérida Depto. de Recursos del Mar CINVESTAV. Av. Instituto
Politécnico Nacional 2508. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Merida, México. Tel: (52-999) 942 9461
Fax: (52-999) 981 2334. E-mail: ggold@mda.cinvestav.mx ; gerardo.gold@gmail.com
Fernando Ruiz Escobar. Investigador División de Contaminación Centro de Ingeniería y Manejo ambiental de
Bahías y Costas (Cimab). La Habana, Cuba. Tel. 537 862-3051 al 57 ext. 255 /
862-4387. Fax: 537 866-9681. E-mail: fernando@cimab.transnet.cu
Carlos Alonso. Hernández. .Director del Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC). Ministerio de
Ciencia Tecnología y Medio Ambiente. Ap 5. Ciudad Nuclear Cienfuegos. CP 59350. Télefono y Fax: (53)
43965146. E.mail: carlos@ceac.cu
10/11
UNEP-RCU/CAR
14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica · Tel: (876) 922-9267 to 9 · Fax: (876) 922-9292
E-mail: rcu@cep.unep.org · Web: http://www.cep.unep.org/
Nelson Andrade Colmenares, Coordinador, Programa Ambiental del Caribe, E-mail: nac@cep.unep.org
Alexandre Cooman. Coordinador Regional Proyecto GEF-REPCar . E-mail: ac@cep.unep.org
Christopher Corbin. Oficial de Programa AMEP. E-mail: cjc@cep.unep.org
Heidi Savelli Soderberg. Oficial de Programa CETA. E-mail: hss@cep.unep.org
Donna Henry-Hernández. Asistente Administrativa Proyecto GEF-REPCar. E-mail: dhh@cep.unep.org
Martha Liliana Gómez. Asistente técnica y administrativa proyecto GEF-REPCar Colombia. Ministerio de
Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial Bogota, Colombia. Tel. (57-1) 3323400 ext. 1107.
E-mail: mgomez@minambiente.gov.co
11/11