AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECT
DESIGN OF AGRO-FORESTRY PROGRAM
March, 2001
Acknowledgements
The Consultant wishes to express his appreciation for the professional and kind support provided by the
members of the Project Preparation Unit team - Stefan Nicolau, Dana Velicu and Gabriel Vulpe, by the
Director General of DGAIA Calarasi eng. Aurel Dobre , OJCAC eng. Anton Magearu, OJSPA eng.
Elena Marin, by managers of the commercial farms within the project area Dr. Constantin Necsulescu, eng.
Gabriel Radulescu, eng. Vasile Bogatu and eng. Maria Dragomir, as well as by the mayors of the seven
communes - Pavel Petre, Iancu Florian, Toma Gheorghe, Iliuta Vasile, Anghel Constantin, Sultan Gheorghe
and Văideanu Cornelia. Without their serious efforts, the preparation of this report would not have been
possible.
2
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL PROJECT
DESIGN OF AGRO-FORESTRY PROGRAM
An important role in fighting pollution from agricultural sources is led by agro-forestry, which as a
scientific term was first adopted by ICRAF (International Council for Research in Agro-forestry,
founded in 1977, with headquarters in Nairobi-Kenya).
The term agro-forestry was best defined by IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research
Organizations), as being the totality of land use systems, that, integrate trees or other wood-based
perennial vegetation with crop and/or livestock production, on the same land surface unit.
Main characteristics of such systems are:
· The will to establish or to maintain agro-forestry systems, as they require protection and
maintenance
· The possibility to associate trees and agriculture in space (horizontally or vertically) and
time
· Significant, positive economic and ecological interconnections, occurring between the two
levels: the trees and the grass cover underneath; more complex than the mono-crops, these
associations were often ignored by modern agriculture
· Versatility, mostly for trees (fuel wood, industrial raw material, fruit source, landscape
diversity, leisure spots etc.)
· Important social and cultural role in many societies, as they were among the first forms of
human settlement development
This relatively new discipline classifies worldwide practiced systems according to the agricultural
practices associated with trees and shrubs:
A. Forestry and pasture systems- integrated wood and livestock production, comprising:
trees and shrubs grown for different purposes, within pastureland areas; windbreaks and
fodder vegetation
B. Agro-forestry and pasture systems- integrated wood, crop and livestock production,
including vegetable gardens, trees, various field crops, animal farms, fodder vegetation
which consolidates soil structure etc.
C. Agro-forestry systems- integrated wood and agricultural production, comprising: trees
and shrubs cultivated within cropped land areas; crops cultivated between tree rows;
unproductive land improved by special crop cultivation; windbreaks/ shelterbelts; narrow
vegetative barriers etc.
D. Other systems- multi-purpose tree plantations
As regarding the situation in Romania and in Calarasi county in particular, one can state that with
very few exceptions, there are no current agro-forestry practices. One exception is represented by
3
RICIC-Fundulea, where following a fruitful co-operation with the local forestry specialists, a
shelterbelt was installed, comprising trees (oaks, poplars, cornel trees, acacia trees), fruit trees, fruit
shrubs, medicinal plants, grass strips, vegetables etc. Due to the fact that this shelterbelt is still
within its first years following installation, no significant conclusion may yet be reached. It is
customary among the Calarasi county "ocoale silvice"1 to cultivate various crops, vegetables, water
melons among the individual, 1 to 3 year old saplings of young plantations. In fact, at present in
Romania there is no agro-forestry university discipline or specialization, all relevant information
being compiled from foreign specialized literature (British, American, French).
For the case of Calarasi county, the project aims to implement agro-forestry practices within areas of
7 communes:
· Alexandru Odobescu
· Ciocanesti
· Cuza Voda
· Gradistea
· Independenta
· Vilcelele
· Vlad Tepes
All these administrative units comprise both terrace and polder (Boianu-Sticleanu) areas, with
different soil types and current agricultural practices.
The following criteria were considered for the selection of areas where agro-forestry practices are
to be applied:
· Uneven terrain, with small or relatively large depressions
· Areas which may be flooded or land subject to temporary waterlogging, due to variation
of Danube river levels
· Eroded or potentially erodable areas
· Low productivity agricultural land
· Canal, stream or reservoir banks
· Inadequate crop growing micro-climate conditions (strong winds, frequent droughts,
early frost etc.)
· Special agricultural areas (high value crops, seed production parcels etc.)
· Land affected by chemical, industrial or agricultural pollution
· Scarce fuel wood resources
· Reduced biodiversity
· Constant need for new revenue sources
· Fishing & hunting facilities
· Land use historical background
Among the four systems mentioned above, I consider that for the project area (seven communes
located throughout Calarasi county), the following agro-forestry practices can be applied:
1. crops cultivated in-between sapling rows
2. narrow vegetative barriers, in the vicinity of community grazing and pasture land
1 Ocoale silvice = forestry O&M territorial branch units
4
3. windbreaks/shelterbelts constituted both of trees and of fruit trees, medicinal
plants, vegetables etc.
4. filter strips installed in-between cultivated land parcels or even within a single
parcel
By analyzing and discussing the options of implementing these agro-forestry practices, with Mayors
of project area communes, the following table was compiled:
Table 1: Tree planting areas on the communas land
Commune name
Unit
Alex.
Cuza
Vlad
Ciocanesti
Gradistea Independenta Vilcele
Total
Odobescu
Voda
Tepes
ha 100 105 60 25
77
21 40 428
Recommended tree species to be planted on these land surfaces are as follows:
- for Alex.Odobescu, acacia, bird cherry (Prunus padus), honey locust;
- for Ciocanesti, 5 ha with white willow (Salix alba) and 100 ha with acacia, bird
cherry and honey locust;
- for Cuza Voda, acacia, bird cherry and honey locust;
- for Gradistea, 5 ha with white willow;
- for Independenta, acacia, bird cherry and honey locust;
- for Vilcelele, acacia, bird cherry and honey locust; here, the shelterbelt which will
surround the communal grazing field, would include species like privet (Ligustrum
vulgare), fruit trees, fruit shrubs, medicinal plants;
- for Vlad Tepes, acacia, bird cherry and honey locust; this plantation perimeter will
be marked through a hip rose tree (Rosa Canina) live barrier, aimed to prevent
access of domestic animals;
For the agricultural commercial societies, the following areas are proposed to be planted:
- for Agrozootehnica Mircea Voda, 150 ha with Euro-American poplar, white
poplar (Populus alba) and white willow;
- for Ceres S.A Ciocanesti, 840 ha with the same species;
- for Agroservcom Gradistea, 100 ha with Euro-American poplar, white poplar and
white willow;
- for S.C Prodchim S.R.L Cuza Voda, the existing windbreaks are to be extended on
4 more ha, using species like acacia, honey locust, may tree (Crataegus), sloe tree
(Prunus spinosa), fruit trees & shrubs etc.
For the polder area however, a pedological survey on soil profiles is required, before recommending
any tree species (for this, water table level variations and soil carbonate content are very important
information).
5
Table 2: Tree Planting Program in Boianu-Sticleanu Polder
- ha -
Area
PY1 PY2 PY3 PY4 PY5 Total
Mircea
Voda 10 15 40 40 45 150
Ciocanesti
10 50 150 250 380 840
Gradistea
10 15 20 25 30 100
Total 30
80
210
315
455
1090
The relatively large total area suggested to be planted with trees (approx.1,500 ha), would have to be
scheduled in time, so that the necessary saplings can be made available along with the machinery
required for soil bed preparation, hole digging and husbandry of young plantations.
The following tree planting program (in hectares) is proposed for the terrace area:
Table 3: Tree Planting Program in Terrace Area
Comuna PY1 PY2 PY3 PY4 PY5 Total
Al Odobescu
5 15 20 25 35 100
Ciocanesti
10 10 15 20 50 105
Cuza Voda
5 10 10 15 20 60
Gradistea
5 5 5 5 5 25
Independenta
7 10 15 20 25 77
Vilcelele
7 7 7 0 0 21
Vlad Tepes
5 10 10 15 0 40
Total
44 67 82 100 135 428
S.C. Total Chim
1 1 1 1 0 4
TOTAL
45 68 83 101 135 432
Although not immediately evident, the effect of these agro-forestry measures can be manifested
through a series of benefits:
A. ecological benefits:
- alleviation of negative climate components (strong winds, extreme temperatures,
excessive droughts etc.)
- soil erosion resistance, decrease of waterlogging potential, landslide resistance
- water quality conservation, by preventing nitrates' access to streams
- crop protection through evapo-transpiration limitation, breaking cold air masses,
pest chain interruption etc.
- making good use of solar radiation by gradual tree species' growing and "floor by
floor" vegetation arrangement within each plantation
- soil fertility potential rehabilitation (branches and various debris falling on the
ground etc.)
- soil structure improvement (augmentation of micro-organisms which decompose
organic matter and consequent root system diversification)
B. Economic benefits:
- increased number of vegetable produce (fuel wood, fruits, flowers etc.)
6
- incremental agricultural yields, induced by the neighbouring shelterbelts
- reduced plantation maintenance costs
C. Social benefits:
- diversification of human activities, by practicing new jobs (wood processing,
harvesting and selecting medicinal plants, harvesting wood berries and seeds,
beehive keeping etc.)
- ensuring sufficient wood resources, both for fuel and for rural construction
purposes
D. Other benefits:
- improving biodiversity by utilizing a wide range of tree species;
- improving local landscape and scenery;
- creating favourable, wildlife food and cover conditions;
Negative impact:
- land to be occupied by shelterbelts, narrow vegetative barriers, filter strips etc.
would subsequently be lost from the agricultural circuit (some profit loss would be
recorded, though not possible to be quantified at this stage)
- quality of wood material in trees to be planted in-between crops, cannot be yet
ascertained
The negative impact may be countered by ensuring good quality wood and by finding adequate
means to compensate for the economic loss generated by the land use transfer.
Reforestation schemes and arrangements:
In the polder area, the following species would be used, arranged in accordance with the following
recommended schemes and located in favourable spots (from the geomorphology, soil, surface and
underground waters point of view):
1. Euro-American poplar- with a density of 625 saplings per hectare; arrangement scheme- 4 by 4
(distance between two consecutive saplings- 4m; distance between two rows- 4m).
2. White poplar- with a density of 1,670 saplings per hectare; arrangement scheme- 3 by 2
(distance between two consecutive saplings- 3m; distance between two rows- 2m).
3. White willow- with a density of 1,250 saplings per hectare; arrangement scheme- 4 by 2 (distance
between two consecutive saplings- 4m; distance between two rows- 2m).
In the lower, terrace area, acacia plantations would be instituted, in combination with bird cherry
(Prunus padus) and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), according to the following arrangement
scheme:
70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry- with a density of 5,000
saplings per hectare; arrangement scheme 2 by 1; there will be 40% acacia, followed
by 10% honey locust, followed by 30% acacia, in turn followed by 10% honey locust
and finally 10% bird cherry.
7
5. The windbreaks (shelterbelts) would consist of :
5a. Main windbreaks, positioned perpendicular to the direction of the dominant wind (in
our case, the NW-SE axis). These windbreaks will be 10.5 m wide, consisting of seven rows
of saplings, arranged in the 1.50 by 1.00 scheme, with a density of 6,666 saplings per
hectare. The arrangement would contain 50% acacia + 14.3% ancillary species + 35.7%
shrub species, distributed as follows:
10.5m
1.5m 1.5m
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
1.0m
As.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
As.
1.0m
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
1.0m
As.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
As.
Where: Ac.= acacia; Shr.= shrub species; As.= ancillary species
As shrub species, one can use hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), hip rose (Rosa canina), privet
(Ligustrum vulgare), etc.
ancillary species- linden tree, common maple (Acer campestre), Acer tataricum etc.
8
5b. Secondary windbreaks, of smaller width, to be positioned perpendicular to the main
windbreaks; these include three to five rows of the following species, arranged in a 1.50 by 1.00
scheme, as below:
5b1.
6.0m
1.5m 1.5m
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
1.0m
As.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
As.
1.0m
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
1.0m
As.
Ac.
Shr.
Ac.
As.
Where: Ac.= acacia; Shr.= shrub species; As.= ancillary species;
The arrangement will comprise 50% acacia + 20% ancillary species + 30% shrub species, having a
density of 6,666 saplings per hectare.
9
5b2. Secondary windbreaks, that include three rows of the following species, arranged in a 1.50 by
1.00 scheme, with a density of 6,666 saplings per hectare:
50% acacia + 16.7% ancillary species + 33.3% shrub species
3.0m
1.5m
Ac.
As.
Ac.
1.0m
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
1.0m
Ac.
As.
Ac.
1.0m
Shr.
Ac.
Shr.
Where: Ac.= acacia; As.= ancillary species; Shr.= shrub species
6. Narrow vegetative barriers:
comprising two or three rows of shrubs or fruit trees, such as: privet (Ligustrum vulgare), hip rose
(Rosa canina), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), apricot tree (Prunus armeniaca), peach tree (Prunus
persica), etc. These barriers can consist of a single species (pure) or can be a mixture of several
species of shrubs or trees.
Planting composition may be 100% privet, or 100% hip rose, or 100% blackthorn, arranged in a
1.00 by 1.00 scheme (or even 0.75 by 0.75), as follows:
10
6a. Pure barriers (1.00 by 1.00 scheme):
0.5m 0.5m 0.5m 0.5m 0.5m
Shr.
Shr.
Shr.
1.0m
Shr.
Shr.
Shr.
1.0m
Shr.
Shr.
Shr.
6b. Mixed barriers (0.75 by 0.75 scheme):
Shr.1 Shr.2 Shr.1
Shr.2 Shr.1 Shr.2
Shr.1 Shr.2 Shr.1
Where: Shr.1, Shr.2 = shrub species, such as Crataegus monogyna, Rosa canina, Ligustrum vulgare,
etc.
Number of saplings per hectare, for the 1.00 by 1.00 scheme = 10,000
Number of saplings per hectare, for the 0.75 by 0.75 scheme = 17,777
Number of saplings per hectare, for the 1.00 by 0.75 scheme = 13,333
7. Riparian buffers:
These will consist of rows of trees, shrubs or grass vegetation, planted along the streamsides, with
the purpose of intercepting contaminants from both surface and ground waters before they reach the
stream. For this role, hydrophilic vegetation (such as the white willow) as well as deep root species-
11
for bank stabilization (like sea buckthorn- Hippophae rhamnoides; Elaeagnus angustifolia; lilac-
Syringa vulgaris; privet- Ligustrum vulgare; cornel tree- Cornus mascula, etc.) would be utilized.
Willow species can be planted using the 3 by 2 scheme, with a 1,666 saplings per hectare density
and the others, utilizing the 1.5 by 1.0 scheme, with 6,666 saplings per ha.
8. Cultivated strips: these are rows of herbaceous vegetation, that are cultivated in-between the
main crops, with a similar purpose to that of shelterbelts.
In order to ensure real implementation of agro-forestry practices proposed under this project, I
suggest that the following issues should also be considered:
a. accurate measurement of all areas that are envisaged to foster agro-forestry practices
b. out-carrying of pedological soil profile surveys, especially within the polder area, where
conditions vary a lot on relatively small land surfaces
c. ensuring adequate supply of necessary inputs (saplings, grass seeds of proper quality, etc.),
by involving the corresponding MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forests) agencies
d. provision of training, by forestry specialists and by qualified agronomists, prior to any agro-
forestry practice installation
e. permanent monitoring of the project objectives, during the entire five year period, by
qualified personnel ( forestry specialists and experienced agronomists)
f. setting up and implementing adequate management of the proposed agro-forestry practices,
soon after their commissioning, consisting of:
· the system of forestry husbandry operations, to be performed taking into account the
age of each plantation
· the adequate pest control measures (if required)
· the most effective security measures deemed necessary, in order to avoid damage by
fire or by stealing
· an efficient system of harvesting and selling the various produce obtained (wood
mass, fruits, flowers, green mass, etc.)
· the establishment of a viable system, able to measure and quantify the favourable
effects induced by the project agro-forestry practices upon crops, soils in the area,
local climate, surface and ground waters, etc.
It is worth emphasizing that in selecting candidate tree species for the project terrace area, several
shrub species were eliminated, as these represent intermediate hosts for agricultural crop pests, in
spite of possessing good forestry properties:
1. Dracila Berberis Vulgaris serves as intermediate host for the wheat
blast/blight (Puccinia graminis)
2. Stag thistle (Rhamnus cathartica) leaves are favourable spots for the wheat
and oats blast
3. Cornel tree /bloody twig (Cornus mascula) is a host for the green tree louse
4. Evonymus verucosa fosters the sugar beet louse
5. Hawthorn/hedgethorn (Crataegus monogyna) serves as intermediate host for
several fruit tree pests
12
Taking into account the forestry sector potential to supply the necessary saplings, as well as the
capacity of Local Councils and commercial societies to undertake agro-forestry works, the total area
proposed for reforestation was scheduled for the interval 2001-2005, starting with 75 ha in 2001 and
culminating with 590 ha in 2005 (see table no.4), of which 1,090 ha in the polder and 432 ha in the
terrace.
Agro-forestry measures to be implemented in this period are detailed in table no.4, as follows:
1. Crops cultivated in-between tree plantations, on 1,469 ha, of which 1,090 ha in the polder
and 432 ha in the terrace area
2. windbreaks/shelterbelts on 18 ha in the terrace area
3. hedgerows on 15 ha in the terrace area
4. narrow vegetative barriers on 30 ha in the polder area
5. filter strips on 15 ha in the polder area
6. riparian buffers on 20 ha in the terrace area
Table 4: Agro-Forestry practices scheduled for implementation during 2001-2005
- ha -
Year
Practice
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Tree
planting
59 140 284 406 580 1469
Windbreaks/shelterbelts 15
1
1
1
-
18
Hedgerows
1 2 3 4 5 15
- Narrow vegetative barriers*
2
4
6
8
10
30
- Filter strips*
1
2
3
4
5
15
Riparian
buffers
- 5 5 5 5 20
TOTAL
75 148 293 416 590 1522
* included in total Tree planting
Table no.5 shows specific investment values for each scheduled year and the totals.
One can easily notice from this table that the most expensive to install are the windbreaks, followed
closely by the acacia plantations.
Table 5: Investment costs per hectare brokedown on tree species
for the proposed Agro-Forestry Practices
- thousand ROL -
Year
Species/Practice
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Euro-American
poplar
4,900 2,900 1,100 1,100 1,000 11,000
White
poplar
11,200
3,300 1,100 1,100 1,000 17,700
White
willow
9,400 3,200 1,100 1,100 1,000 15,900
Acacia 10,400
6,000
2,000
-
-
18,400
Windbreaks/shelterbelts
19,200
7,300
- - -
26,500
Hedgerows
9,000
4,000
- - -
13,000
Riparian buffers
10,400
6,000
2,000
-
-
18,400
13
In view of the afore presented plantation schemes and taking into consideration the requirement of
each species, the total number of saplings needed was calculated to be of 3,073,162 for the whole
project duration (2001-2005), as seen in table no.6.
Table 6: Schedule of saplings' requirement for the 2001-2005 interval
- thousand pcs. -
Year
Species
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Acacia
122.333 220.333 272.833 335.833 455 1,406.332
Euro-American
poplar
18.75 31.25 100 162.5 231.25 543.75
White
poplar
- 41.75 66.8 75.15 125.5 308.95
White
willow
12.5 6.25 12.5 12.5 12.5 56.25
Honey
locust
34.0 62.0 77.0 95.0 130.0 398.0
Bird
cherry
(Prunus
Padus)
17.0 31.0 35.5 47.5 65.0 196.0
Ancillary
species
1.0 13.5 13.5 13.5 12.5 54.0
Shrubs
2.38 15.0 15.0 15.0 12.5 59.88
Hip rose (Rosa Canina)
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
50.0
TOTAL 211.963 431.083 603.133 766.983
1,054.25 3,073.162
Table no.7 details the required investment funds, relevant to the installation of project agro-forestry
practices, the total being an estimated 762,309 US$. (The exchange rate used 1US$ = 25,500 ROL)
Table 7: Investment funds required for the implementation of proposed Agro-Forestry
practices during 2001-2005
- thousand ROL -
Year
Starting year
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 613,800
330,300
112,000
44,000
40,000
1,140,100
2002 0
1,288,000
652,800
222,000
88,000
2,250,800
2003 0
0
2,198,000 1,127,300
395,000
3,720,300
3004 0
0
0
2,931,200
2,141,800
5,073,000
2005 0
0
0
0
4,151,000
4,151,000
Total 613,800
1,618,300 2,962,800 4,324,500
6,815,800
16,335,200
VAT (19%)
116,622
307,477
562,932
821,655 1,295,002 3,103,688
Grand Total
730,422 1,925,777 3,525,732 5,146,155 8,110,802 19,438,888
These costs do not include training expenses relevant to the personnel that will transport, handle,
plant and husband the newly installed saplings, nor the cost of supervising these activities, by
qualified agronomists and forestry specialists.
14
ANNEXES
15
Annex
1
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
ALEXANDRU ODOBESCU communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 100 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 52,000
30,000
10,000
0
0
92,000
2002 0
156,000
90,000
30,000
0
276,000
2003 0
0
208,000
120,000
40,000
368,000
2004 0
0
0
260,000
150,000
410,000
2005 0
0
0
0
364,000
364,000
Total 52,000
186,000
308,000
410,000
554,000
1,510,000
16
Annex
2
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
CIOCANESTI communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 100 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 52,000
30,000
10,000
0
0
92,000
2002 0
104,000
60,000
20,000
0
184,000
2003 0
0
156,000
90,000
30,000
276,000
2004 0
0
0
208,000
120,000
328,000
2005 0
0
0
0
520,000
520,000
Total 52,000
134,000
226,000
318,000
670,000
1,400,000
Planting scheme: White willow (Salix Alba) = 5 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 47,000
16,000
5,500
5,500
5,000
79,000
Total 47,000
16,000
5,500
5,500
5,000
79,000
17
Annex
3
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
CUZA VODA communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 60 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 52,000
30,000
10,000
0 0
92,000
2002 0
104,000
60,000
20,000
0
184,000
2003 0
0
104,000
60,000
20,000
184,000
2004 0
0
0
156,000
90,000
246,000
2005 0
0
0
0
208,000
208,000
Total
52,000 134,000
174,000
236,000 318,000
914,000
18
Annex
4
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
GRADISTEA communa
Planting
scheme:
Starting Year 2001 - White Willow (Salix Alba) = 5 ha
Starting Year 2002 - 2005 = 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 20 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 47,000
16,000
5,500
5,500
5,000
79,000
2002 0
52,000
30,000
10,000
0
92,000
2003 0
0
52,000
30,000
10,000
92,000
2004 0
0
0
52,000
30,000
82,000
2005 0
0
0
0
52,000
52,000
Total
47,000 68,000
87,500
97,500 97,000
397,000
19
Annex
5
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
INDEPENDENTA communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 77 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 72,800
42,000
14,000
0
0
128,800
2002 0
104,000
60,000
20,000
0
184,000
2003 0
0
156,000
90,000
30,000
276,000
2004 0
0
0
208,000
720,000
928,000
2005 0
0
0
0
260,000
260,000
Total 72,800
146,000
230,000
318,000
1,010,000
1,776,800
20
Annex
6
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
VALCELELE communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 21 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 72,800
42,000
14,000
0
0
128,800
2002 0
72,800
42,000
14,000
0
128,800
2003 0
0
72,800
42,000
14,000
128,800
2004 0
0
0
0
0
0
2005 0
0
0
0
0
0
Total 72,800
114,800
128,800
56,000
14,000
386,400
21
Annex
7
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
VLAD TEPES communa
Planting scheme: 70% acacia + 20% honey locust + 10% bird cherry = 40 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 52,000
30,000
10,000
0 0
92,000
2002 0
104,000
60,000
20,000
0
184,000
2003 0
0
104,000
60,000
20,000
184,000
2004 0
0
0
156,000
90,000
246,000
2005
0 0
0
0 0
0
Total 52,000
134,000
174,000
236,000
110,000
706,000
22
Annex
8
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
TOTAL CHIM Commercial Society, communa Cuza Voda
Planting scheme: 50% acacia + 14.3% ancillary + 35.7% shrubs = 4 ha
thousand
ROL
Planting commencing
Necessary funds in
Total
year
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
2001 19,200
7,300
0
0
0
26,500
2002 0
19,200
7,300
0
0
26,500
2003 0
0
19,200
7,300
0
26,500
2004 0
0
0
19,200
7,300
26,500
2005 0
0
0
0
0
0
Total 19,200
26,500
26,500
26,500
7,300
106,000
23
Annex
9
Necessary funds for the Planting Program in
BOIANU - STICLEANU Polder
White Willow (Salix Alba) - 35 ha
thousand
ROL
Necessary funds in
Year
Total
2001
2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 0
0
0
0
0
0
2002 0
47,000
16,000
5,500
5,500
74,000
2003 0
0
94,000
32,000
11,000
137,000
2004 0
0
0
94,000
32,000
126,000
2005 0
0
0
0
94,000
94,000
Total 0
47,000
110,000
131,500
142,500
431,000
Euro-American poplar - 870 ha
Necessary funds in
Year
Total
2001
2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 147,000
87,000
33,000
33,000
30,000
330,000
2002 0
245,000
145,000
55,000
55,000
500,000
2003 0
0
784,000
464,000
176,000
1,424,000
2004 0
0
0
1,274,000
754,000
2,028,000
2005 0
0
0
0
1,813,000
1,813,000
Total 147,000
332,000
962,000
1,826,000 2,828,000
6,095,000
White poplar - 185 ha
Necessary funds in
Year
Total
2001
2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 0
0
0
0
0
0
2002 0
280,000
82,500
27,500
27,500
417,500
2003 0
0
448,000
132,000
44,000
624,000
2004 0
0
0
504,000
148,500
652,500
2005 0
0
0
0
840,000
840,000
Total 0
280,000
530,500
663,500
1,060,000
2,534,000
Total
Necessary funds in
Year
Total
2001
2002 2003 2004 2005
2001 147,000
87,000
33,000
33,000
30,000
330,000
2002 0
572,000
243,500
88,000
88,000
991,500
2003 0
0
1,326,000
628,000
231,000
2,185,000
2004 0
0
0
1,872,000
934,500
2,806,500
2005 0
0
0
0
2,747,000
2,747,000
Total 147,000
659,000
1,602,500
2,621,000 4,030,500
9,060,000
24
Annex
10
Necessary funds for the Planting Program
Total
thousand
ROL
VAT
included
Necessary funds in
Area
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
Terrace 555,492
1,141,567 1,618,757 2,027,165
3,314,507 8,657,488
Polder 174,930
784,210 1,906,975 3,118,990
4,796,295 10,781,400
Total 730,422
1,925,777 3,525,732 5,146,155
8,110,802 19,438,888
Of which:
thousand
ROL
Saplings (20% of Total)
VAT
included
Necessary funds in
Area
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
Terrace 111,098
228,313
323,751
405,433
662,901 1,731,498
Polder 34,986
156,842
381,395
623,798
959,259 2,156,280
Total 146,084
385,155
705,146 1,029,231
1,622,160 3,887,778
thousand
ROL
Planting (80% of Total)
VAT
included
Necessary funds in
Area
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
Terrace 444,394
913,254 1,295,006 1,621,732
2,651,606 6,925,990
Polder 139,944
627,368 1,525,580 2,495,192
3,837,036 8,625,120
Total 584,338
1,540,622 2,820,586 4,116,924
6,488,642 15,551,110
25
Annex
11
Necessary funds for the Planting Program - in US$
Exchange rate: 25,500
ROL/US$
Saplings (20% of Total)
US$ (VAT included)
Necessary funds in
Area
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
Terrace 4,357
8,953
12,696
15,899
25,996
67,902
Polder 1,372
6,151
14,957
24,463
37,618 84,560
Total 5,729
15,104
27,653
40,362
63,614 152,462
Planting
US$ (VAT included)
Necessary funds in
Area
Total
2001 2002 2003 2004
2005
Terrace 17,427
35,814
50,785
63,597
103,985
271,607
Polder 5,488
24,603
59,827
97,851
150,472 338,240
Total 22,915
60,417
110,611
161,448
254,457 609,847
26