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2	Factors Affecting Application Width of spread Speed of the tractor Density of the manure/compost Changes across the width of spread
3	Calculate How Much to Spread Base the amount of manure on the amount of nitrogen the crop needs By knowing the field size you can calculate the weight of manure to be applied
4	Good Distribution Important Manure or compost should be spread uniformly To get the best crop yields To maintain the best water quality Non-uniform application Uneven crop growth and production Poor yields
5	Soil Compaction
6	Spreaders Different types of solid manure spreaders Rear delivery spreaders Side delivery spreaders
7	Rear Delivery Spreader
8	Rear Delivery Spreader
9	The Load Moves Back as the Manure is Distributed onto the Ground
10	Rear Delivery Spreader
11	Side Delivery Spreader
12	ISU Research ISU research looked at distribution across the machine width and along the direction of travel
13	Laid Out Plastic Trays
14	Drive Across the Trays
15	Weigh the Amount on Each Tray
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18	Swath Width The swath width…distance between each pass with the spreader…was ½ the total width of throw. The overlap evens out the decreasing application rate near the edges.
19	Application Rate Notice the application rate of the manure. By making such close swath widths (3.8m wide) the application rate is very high…35,700 lb/ac (40,067 kg/ha) of manure Nutrients will be over applied and wasted Water quality will be threatened by the excess nutrients
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23	Application Rate Notice the application rate of the manure. By making wide swath widths (11.5m wide) the application rate is still low…4260 lb/ac (4770 kg/ha) of manure, even with the overlaps Nutrients can be applied heavier by driving slower to achieve the desired application rate Water quality will not be threatened by the excess nutrients
24	Hand Distributed Manure
25	Manure Uniformity Uneven distribution is a problem, as we have seen, even when manure has uniform nutrient content If the manure is not uniform, getting good nutrient distribution is nearly impossible Composting helps make the manure more uniform
26	Conclusions from ISU Study 1. Distribution across-the-swath is more variable than in the travel direction. 2. For a rear-delivery, beater-type spreader, heaviest application is between or near the wheelbase.
27	Conclusions (Cont.) 3. Uniformity increases when application swath is adjusted so that overlap occurs at ½ the peak application rate. 4. Load position did not affect distribution uniformity, but faster apron speed improved uniformity.
28	Example of Overlap
29	Conclusions (Cont.) 5. Application rate of a side-delivery spreader is lower than a rear-delivery, beater-type spreader. 6. A deflector may assist in directing throw on a side-delivery spreader.