Appendix B

Casual Chain Analysis

Table of Contents

Figure B-1. MPPI #1: Land Degradation. 2

Figure B-2. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Water Use. 3

Figure B-3. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Agriculture / Animal Husbandry. 4

Figure B-4. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Lumbering / Cutting Wood. 5

Figure B-5. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Mining. 6

Figure B-6. MPPI #2: Water Scarcity. 7

Figure B-7. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Declining Precipitation. 8

Figure B-8. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Evaporation. 9

Figure B-9. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Grazing. 10

Figure B-10. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Population. 11

Figure B-11. MPPI #3: Loss of Biodiversity. 12

Figure B-12. MPPI #4: Flooding. 13

Figure B-13. MPPI #5: Water – Borne Diseases. 14

Figure B-14. MPPI #6: Growth of Aquatic Weeds. 14

Figure B-14. MPPI #6: Growth of Aquatic Weeds. 15

Figure B-15. MPPI #7: Coastal Erosion. 16

Figure B-16. MPPI #8: Water Quality Degradation. 17

Figure B-17. Summary. 18

Recurring blocks are only detailed once where they first occur, and then are referenced where appropriate.

These include:

1. Poor Irrigation Practices
2. Inadequate Water Basin Management
3. Inadequate Enforcement / Monitoring
4. Inadequate Political Will
5. Insufficient Government Budget
6. Insufficient Regional Cooperation

Figure B-1. MPPI #1: Land Degradation

Figure B-2. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Water Use

Figure B-3. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Agriculture / Animal Husbandry

Figure B-4. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Lumbering / Cutting Wood

	Land Degradation Casual Chain Analysis

Figure B-5. Primary Cause of Land Degradation: Mining

Figure B-6. MPPI #2: Water Scarcity

Figure B-7. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Declining Precipitation

Figure B-8. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Evaporation

Figure B-9. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Grazing

Figure B-10. Primary Cause of Water Scarcity: Increased Population

Figure B-11. MPPI #3: Loss of Biodiversity

Figure B-12. MPPI #4: Flooding

Figure B-13. MPPI #5: Water – Borne Diseases

Figure B-14. MPPI #6: Growth of Aquatic Weeds

Figure B-15. MPPI #7: Coastal Erosion

Figure B-16. MPPI #8: Water Quality Degradation

Figure B-17. Summary

Common Major Root Causes for the Volta River Basin

• Insufficient scientific capacity
• Low government priority on environment
• Abuse of power
• Poverty
• Insufficient knowledge / understanding
• Population pressure
• Inadequate legal / regulatory basis
• Inadequate technical infrastructure
• Insufficient demonstration projects
• Inadequate intersectoral coordination
• Insufficient economic incentives
• Inadequate political will
• Inadequate water basin management
• Insufficient regional agreements
• Drought
• Inadequate human capacity
• Inadequate institutions
• Inadequate technology
• Insufficient government power
• Inadequate training

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