United Nations
UNEP/GEF South China Sea
Global Environment
Environment Programme
Project
Facility
Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends
in the
South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand
REPORT
Seventh Meeting of the Regional Working Group for
the Land-Based Pollution Component
Sihanoukville, Cambodia, 7th 10th August 2006
___________________________________________________________________________
UNEP/GEF
Bangkok, August 2006
First published in Thailand in 2006 by the United Nations Environment Programme.
Copyright © 2006, United Nations Environment Programme
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DISCLAIMER:
The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of UNEP or the GEF. The
designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of UNEP, of the GEF, or of any cooperating organisation concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area, of its authorities, or of the delineation of its territories or boundaries.
Cover Photo: An inlet of the Shiyan Constructed Wetland (Baoan District, Shenzhen City, China)
by Dr. Chunhong Peng.
For citation purposes this document may be cited as:
UNEP, 2006. Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of
Thailand. Report of the Seventh Meeting of the Regional Working Group on Land-Based Pollution.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Table of Contents
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 WELCOME ADDRESS ON BEHALF OF UNEP ............................................................................... 1
1.2 INTRODUCTION OF PARTICIPANTS.............................................................................................. 1
2.
ORGANISATION OF THE MEETING ............................................................................................. 1
2.1 ELECTION OF OFFICERS ........................................................................................................... 1
2.2 DOCUMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS........................................................... 1
3.
ADOPTION OF THE MEETING AGENDA ..................................................................................... 2
4.
STATUS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS FOR 2005 AND 2006: PROGRESS REPORTS;
EXPENDITURE REPORTS; AUDIT REPORTS; AND MOU AMENDMENTS .............................. 2
5.
STATUS OF SUBMISSION OF SUBSTANTIVE OUTPUTS FROM THE SPECIALIZED
EXECUTING AGENCIES AND REGIONAL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS .............................. 3
5.1 PUBLICATION OF NATIONAL REPORTS IN LOCAL LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH................................. 3
5.2 FINALISATION, ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL ACTION PLANS ............................ 4
5.3 THE REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF LAND-BASED POLLUTION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA..................... 5
6.
STATUS OF PILOT ACTIVITIES.................................................................................................... 5
6.1 BATAM, INDONESIA................................................................................................................... 5
6.2 LING DING YANG, CHINA........................................................................................................... 6
7.
REVIEW OF THE REVISED NATIONAL ACTION PLANS AND FINALISATION OF INPUTS
TO THE REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME ......................................................... 6
7.1 REVIEW OF THE REVISED NATIONAL ACTION PLANS................................................................... 6
7.2 REVISION OF THE GOALS AND TARGETS OF THE REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME...... 7
7.3 DISCUSSION OF THE REGIONAL ACTIONS FOR INCLUSION IN THE LANDBASED POLLUTION
COMPONENT OF THE REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME ............................................. 7
7.4 ESTIMATION OF THE COSTS OF THE ACTIONS............................................................................. 8
8.
UPDATE OF THE REGIONAL GIS DATABASE AND META-DATABASE AND EFFICIENT
USE OF THE PROJECT WEBSITE................................................................................................ 8
9
CONSIDERATION OF THE RSTC RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING CARRYING
CAPACITY OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA MARINE BASIN .......................................................... 9
9.1 APPLICATION AND EXPANSION OF MODELLING APPROACH DEVELOPED BY SEA START RC ....... 9
9.2 POSSIBLE COLLABORATION WITH THE COBSEA/GPA-LBA PROJECT "DETERMINATION OF
POLLUTION LOADING FROM LAND-BASED SOURCES BY USING MODELLING AND GIS" .................. 9
10. CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED SOUTH CHINA SEA PROJECT TRAINING ACTIVITIES
REGARDING THE LAND-BASED POLLUTION COMPONENT ................................................. 10
11. REVISION OF THE WORK PLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON LAND-BASED POLLUTION 2006-2007 .................................................................. 10
12. DATE AND PLACE OF THE EIGHTH MEETING OF THE REGIONAL WORKING GROUP
ON LAND-BASED POLLUTION................................................................................................... 10
13. ANY OTHER BUSINESS .............................................................................................................. 11
14. ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING...................................................................... 11
15. CLOSURE OF THE MEETING ..................................................................................................... 11
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
List of Annexes
ANNEX 1
List of Participants
ANNEX 2
List of Documents
ANNEX 3
Agenda
ANNEX 4
Analysis of the content of the Draft National Action Plans from the Perspective of
the Regional Action Programme
ANNEX 5
Draft Inputs to the SAP from the Land-based Pollution Component
ANNEX 6
Work Plan and Timetable for the Regional Working Group on Land-based
Pollution, 2006-2007
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 1
Report of the Meeting
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING
1.1
Welcome Address on behalf of UNEP
1.1.1 The Project Director, Dr. John Pernetta, opened the meeting, at 08:30 on 7th August 2006, and
welcomed participants on behalf of Dr. Achim Steiner, the Executive Director of UNEP, and Mr. Olivier
Deleuze, the Officer-in-Charge of the UNEP Division of Global Environment Facility Co-ordination to the
Seventh Meeting of the Regional Working Group on Land-based Pol ution. Dr. Pernetta extended a very
warm welcome to the new members of the group, and hoped that they would feel that their participation
in the work of the group was worthwhile.
1.1.2 Dr. Pernetta noted that there was a very full agenda in front of the meeting, which included
some substantive items requiring preparation of materials during the meeting, in particular the inputs to
the Strategic Action Programme covering the detailed actions and costs of activities in the Land-based
Pollution component of the SAP. He noted further that communication during the inter-sessional period
had not been good and expressed the hope that during the next inter-sessional period this would
improve as a consequence of better use of the facilities offered by the project website.
1.1.3 Dr. Pernetta expressed a warm welcome to His Excellency Mr. Prak Sihara, Vice-Governor of
Sihanoukville and invited him to address the meeting. Mr. Sihara welcomed participants on behalf of the
Government of Sihanoukvil e and on behalf of the Senior Minister, Minister of Environment, Dr. Mok
Mareth. He noted that like many developing countries Cambodia was trying to balance economic
development with sound environmental management in an effort to achieve sustainable development,
and that one problem faced by Cambodia was increasing pollution of their inland and coastal waters.
1.1.4 Mr. Sihara noted that Cambodia was appreciative of the support provided by UNEP, and the
GEF through the South China Sea Project, and expressed the support of the government for the project
objectives. He hoped that the capacity of Cambodia for addressing problems arising from Land-based
Pollution would be enhanced, as a result of their participation in the project, and expressed the hope
that the meeting would be both productive and enjoyable and that it would result in a wider appreciation
of the problems of Land-based Pol ution in the Country.
1.2
Introduction of Participants
1.2.1 Dr. Pernetta invited the members, alternates and observers to the Seventh Meeting of the
Regional Working Group on Land-based Pol ution (RWG-LbP) to introduce themselves to the meeting
and to provide a brief background on their involvement in the Project. The list of participants is
contained in Annex 1 of this report.
2. ORGANISATION
OF
THE
MEETING
2.1
Election of Officers
2.1.1 Dr. Pernetta reminded the members that the Rules of Procedure state that, the Regional
Working Group shal elect, from amongst the members, a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and
Rapporteur to serve for one year. The Rules state further that members shall be eligible for re-election
no more than once. Dr. Pernetta noted that none of the officers elected during the sixth meeting were
present, hence the issue of their re-election did not arise.
2.1.2 The Project Director noted that only three members present had participated in all the working
group meetings to date and that, members might wish to elect one of these members to the office of
Chairperson. Mr. Han Baoxin nominated Dr. Gullaya Wattayakorn as Chairperson, Dr. Gullaya
nominated Mr. Pak Sokharavuth as Vice-Chairperson and Mr. Hashim bin Daud as Rapporteur. There
being no further nominations these officers were elected by acclamation.
2.2
Documentation and Administrative Arrangements
2.2.1 The Chairperson, Dr. Gullaya invited the Secretary of the meeting to introduce the available
documentation, the list of which is contained in Annex 2 of this report.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 2
2.2.2 Dr. Pernetta introduced the documents noting that there were ten discussion documents for
consideration by the meeting, including the inputs to the Land-based Pol ution component of the
Strategic Action Programme.
2.2.3 Dr. Pernetta briefed participants on the administrative arrangements for the conduct of the
meeting, and the proposed organisation of work (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/Inf.3). He noted that
formal sessions of the meeting would be conducted in English and in plenary although sessional
working groups might be formed at the discretion of members to complete substantive agenda items
including preparation of the inputs to the Strategic Action Programme.
3.
ADOPTION OF THE MEETING AGENDA
3.1
The Chairperson introduced the provisional agenda prepared by the Project Co-ordinating Unit
(PCU) as document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/1 and the annotated provisional agenda, document
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/2, and invited members to propose any amendments or additional items
for consideration, prior to the adoption of the agenda.
3.2
Dr. Vo Si Tuan suggested, and the meeting agreed that, potential contributions to the PEMSEA
Congress in December be considered under agenda Item 13, any Other Business.
4.
STATUS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS FOR 2005 AND 2006: PROGRESS REPORTS;
EXPENDITURE REPORTS; AUDIT REPORTS; AND MOU AMENDMENTS
4.1
The Chairperson invited the Senior Expert to introduce document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
LbP7/4 "Current Status of Budgets and Administrative Reports from the Specialised Executing
Agencies in the Participating Countries". Dr. Tuan drew to the attention of the meeting, a number of
matters requiring the attention of the working group.
4.2
Dr. Tuan noted that a number of routine reports were outstanding from China, Indonesia and
the Philippines. In the case of the Philippines no reports had been received in 2005 and for China and
Indonesia reports for the second half of 2005 had not been submitted to date. In addition he noted that
progress and expenditure reports for the two pilot activities had not been submitted by Indonesia and
China, and that audit reports were overdue from China, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. Dr. Tuan
noted further that administrative reports for the first half of 2006 were due by 31st July and that to date
few of these had been received.
4.3
In reviewing Table 5 of document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP7/4 Dr. Tuan noted that Malaysia
currently held a cash balance of more than twelve thousand dollars, and Thailand a balance in excess
of nine thousand dol ars. In contrast China was in deficit since they had failed to submit the expenditure
statements and no funds had been transferred since 2004.
4.4
Dr. Tuan noted that despite the absence of a number of the progress reports the total
co-financing was more than double the original estimate. In this context he reminded members of the
policy of the GEF Council regarding tracking and reporting of co-financing and the agreement of the
RSTC and PSC that the reporting formats be modified to accommodate this requirement. He noted that
despite the agreement of the PSC that the governments would progressively assume responsibility for
financing the costs of national co-ordination activities over the life of the project, there was little
evidence from the reports that this had happened to date.
4.5
Mr. Hashim requested clarification regarding the contents of the last four columns of Table 5
and Dr. Pernetta explained that under the major heading of "SEA Totals" the figures under the
"Advance" column represented the total amounts of money advanced to the SEAs to date, Expenditure
was the amount that they had reported as spent, consequently the balance in hand was the difference
between these two. The column headed 2nd MoU Amend contained the total sum committed under
these memoranda, hence the difference between this figure and that in the column headed "Advance"
represented the sum committed but not yet advanced to the SEA. Mr. Hashim noted that the large cash
balance held by Malaysia represented funds for the publication of the National Report and convening of
National Consultation meetings, workshops and seminars, on the National Action Plan, which were
planned for the second half of 2006.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 3
4.6
Dr. Saravuth Rattanachongkiat noted that Thailand had submitted al required reports except
for the 2005 audit report. He noted that the costs for this were large (400 US$) in comparison with the
total size of the grant and therefore he proposed that the expenditures for 2005 and 2006 be audited
jointly. Dr. Pernetta noted that this would be acceptable provided that Thailand made a formal request
to the PCU to audit two years at once.
4.7
Ms. Zulhasni, noted that it was the intention of Indonesia to send all overdue reports by the end
of August and noted that in Indonesia the National Technical Focal Point had arranged for audit of all
components jointly, which had resulted in some delays.
4.8
Mr. Pak noted that Cambodia would submit a combined audit report for 2005 and 2006 and that
all other reports were up-to-date. Dr. Nguyen Thi Viet Lien noted that Viet Nam was fully up-to-date with
all reporting requirements.
4.9
Mr. Han Baoxin expressed surprise regarding the fact that the PCU had not received the 2004
audit report and agreed that he would request his office to fax the cover page for this report to the hotel
and immediately dispatch a copy of the report to the PCU. He noted that the audit report for 2005 was
under preparation and would be completed by the end of August. He noted that he had electronic
copies of the progress reports for 2005 in his computer and agreed to work with Dr. Tuan to finalise
these reports by the end of the meeting. He noted the need to prepare separate reports for the National
activities from the reports for the Lindingyang pilot activity.
4.10
Ms. Perseveranda-Fe J. Otico noted that in the case of the Philippines the second amendment
to the MoU had been finalised and signed by the Project Director in 2005 but unfortunately, it had not
been signed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Subsequently
the Secretary had been changed twice. It was agreed that during the meeting Dr. Pernetta would work
with Ms. Otico to draft a new amendment that would reflect the changed circumstances including the
budget and work plan.
5.
STATUS OF SUBMISSION OF SUBSTANTIVE OUTPUTS FROM THE SPECIALIZED
EXECUTING AGENCIES AND REGIONAL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
5.1
Publication of National Reports in Local Languages and English
5.1.1 The Chairperson invited the Senior Expert to present the document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
LbP.7/5 "Status of Publication of National Reports and Submission of National Action Plans from the
Specialized Executing Agencies" that detailed information regarding the status of national publications
received by the PCU. It was noted that it was an obligation of the SEAs under the requirements of the
original MoU to publish and disseminate nationally the national reports in an appropriate local language
and that UNEP would take responsibility for publishing the reports in English for regional distribution.
5.1.2 Dr. Tuan noted that copies of the published national reports had not been received from
Cambodia, China. Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines and that these were overdue since they
should have been produced prior to June 2004.
5.1.3 Dr. Pernetta reminded members of the commitments made during the 6th meeting regarding the
publication of the national reports, which were as follows:
The following situation was noted by the group with respect to the publication of the
national reports in local language:
·
Cambodia, not all reports had been published but all would be completed by the
end of 2005 and the PCU would be provided with copies;
·
China the national report had been produced and published and copies would be
provided to the PCU upon the return of Mr. Baoxin to China;
·
Indonesia, the national report would be published by 8 August 2005 and copies
provided to the PCU;
·
Malaysia, the national report would be published in English by the end of 2005
and copies provided to the PCU;
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 4
·
Philippines, the national report would be published in English by the Focal Point
Agency by 8 August 2005 and copies provided to PCU;
·
Thailand, the national report was in the process of publication and copies would
be supplied to the PCU by the end of August 2005;
·
Viet Nam, the national report had been published and copies supplied to the
PCU during the last meeting.
(Paragraph 5.2.3 of UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.6/3)
5.1.4 Mr. Pak apologised for the fact that he had forgotten to send copies of the publications to the
PCU and noted that these had in fact been published by the end of 2005 as agreed during the sixth
meeting but copies had not been dispatched to the PCU.
5.1.5 Mr. Hashim noted that the Malaysian report was ready for publication but he had been awaiting
clearance from the PCU of the quoted publication costs. Dr. Pernetta noted that the PCU did not
normal y clear quotations unless there was some question regarding their acceptability on the part of
the SEA. Dr. Tuan noted that the revised budget had in fact included clearance of the costs of
publication.
5.1.6 Mr. Han noted that the Chinese report had been revised according to the agreed minimum
contents but had not yet been formally translated into Chinese for local publication. Dr. Tuan noted that
the revision referred to, was for the publication in English since the minimum contents had been
developed to ensure some consistency between the national reports when published by UNEP in
English. The national reports when published in Chinese did not have to conform to this requirement.
Mr. Han noted that in this case it would be possible to publish the Chinese version by the end of
August.
5.1.7 Ms. Zulhasni, indicated that the Indonesian report would be published by the end of August and
Dr. Pernetta noted that a similar assurance had been given during the last meeting when the
Indonesian representative had indicated that the report would be published by 8th August 2005. He
informed the meeting that no further funds would be transferred to Indonesia and China until such time
as the reports had been published.
5.1.8 Ms. Otico noted that in the case of the Philippines the national report was currently being
finalised and should be published by the end of this year.
5.1.9 Regarding publication in English for regional dissemination the PCU has prepared the draft
version for publication of the national Reports from Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and
Viet Nam. Revised national reports fol owing the agreed minimum contents had not been received from
either China or the Philippines and consequently these countries were delaying publication of the full
set of reports.
5.2
Finalisation, Adoption and Implementation of National Action Plans
5.2.1 Members were reminded by Dr. Tuan of the previously agreed deadlines for completion of final
draft National Action Plans (NAPs) for Land-based Pol ution in each participating country as contained
in the work plan agreed by the sixth meeting of the RWG-LbP. A revised NAP in line with the
agreements of the previous meeting had not been received by the PCU from China and the Philippines
stil had not submitted a first draft of the NAP. Dr. Tuan noted that there were a number of weaknesses
in some of the revised NAPs.
5.2.2 Mr. Hashim noted that there was a need to look again at national level needs in Malaysia that
take greater account of existing plans and programmes such as the "Vision 2020" and existing
environmental policies. He noted that mil ions of ringgit were spent annually in addressing sewage
pollution issues for example, and that such expenditures had not been taken into account in the NAP
which contained no costings for the planned actions.
5.2.3 Dr. Saravuth noted that the NAP for Thailand needed to be expanded and more details
provided in the missing fields. Mr. Pak noted that some revisions of the Cambodian NAP had been
undertaken already and in particular the numbers of goals and strategies had been rationalised to make
them consonant. Dr. Lien noted that the Vietnamese NAP had already been amended to bring the dates
into line with the SAP and these now included milestones at 2017.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 5
5.2.4 Mr. Han noted that both Guanxi and Hainan Provinces had reviewed the draft NAP and that he
was awaiting a response from Guandong Province and anticipated that the revised NAP would be
completed by the end of August. Dr. Pernetta noted that a date for revision of 15th August 2005 had
been recorded in the last meeting report, but this had not been met.
5.2.5 The Chairperson, Dr. Gul aya noted that, members should be more serious about the delivery
of outputs and more careful in making commitments during discussions.
5.2.6 Professor Law Ah Theem expressed concern about how one would monitor the impacts of the
South China Sea project since there was a need to take a regional perspective rather than a purely
national perspective. Dr. Pernetta expressed agreement with this opinion noting that there was a need
for the group to take a broader perspective that, encompassed regional objectives, which might not
necessarily be merely a reflection of shared or summed national objectives.
5.2.7 Mr. Hashim noted that in Malaysia it was planned to convene a national workshop/seminar on
the NAP in November but that the issue of Land-based Pol ution was very complex, involving multiple
parties and hence it was more difficult to secure agreement on national priorities when compared with
action plans relating to biodiversity or habitat conservation for example.
5.2.8 Ms. Otico noted that the Philippines is currently developing the NAP and that the work plan for
completion of this would form part of the amendment to the MoU, consequently its' contents could only
be considered in the context of the SAP at a later date.
5.3
The Regional Overview of Land-based Pollution of the South China Sea
5.3.1 The Chairperson, Dr. Gul aya noted that during the sixth meeting, members had agreed to
provide more inputs to her for revision of the draft regional overview of land-based pollution in the South
China Sea. Dr. Gul aya noted that anticipated inputs from the Philippines and SEA START RC had not
been received.
5.3.2 Ms. Otico noted that she had some materials with her from Mr. Diaz the Philippines focal point,
which she would pass to Dr. Gullaya, and Dr. Tuan noted further that the SEA START RC inputs were
themselves dependent on national inputs that had not been received by SEA START to date.
5.3.3 In view of the extensive delays experienced in finalising the regional review of Land-based
Pollution in the South China Sea, Dr. Gullaya sought clarification from the Project Director as to whether
it was still worth publishing such a review. Dr. Pernetta responded that, provided the review could be
finalised, and provided that, it was considered worth publishing in terms of its' content then it would
serve a valuable purpose in providing background justification to the decision makers regarding the
adoption of the Strategic Action Programme.
5.3.4 It was agreed that Dr. Gullaya would consult with the two other regional expert members
concerning the quality of the contents and report back to the meeting their opinions on the value of
publishing the document.
6.
STATUS OF PILOT ACTIVITIES
6.1 Batam,
Indonesia
6.1.1 Ms. Zulhasni, the alternate for the focal point of Indonesia for Land-based Pollution was invited
by the Chairperson to brief the meeting on the status of implementation of the Batam Pilot Activity. She
noted that the office had been established, the site manager, technical assistant and administrative staff
appointed, and a number of activities completed.
6.1.2 Ms. Zulhasni noted further that the GIS system had been established and existing data sets:
including the location of monitoring points; existing water quality data; information regarding discharge
points and location of existing industries; and habitat distribution had been input to the GIS database.
6.1.3 Ms. Zulhasni informed the meeting that with respect to component 2 a series of community
consultations had been conducted to secure agreement of households regarding the instal ation of
community septic tanks and a scheme for provision of rubbish bins and establishment of a collection
and disposal system.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 6
6.2
Ling Ding Yang, China
6.2.1 The Focal Point of China for Land-based Pol ution was invited by the Chairperson to brief the
meeting on the status of implementation of the Ling Ding Yang Pilot Activity. Mr. Han noted that two
meetings had been conducted related to the initial activities namely one concerned with evaluating the
feasibility study for the man-made wetland and the second with finalising the primary design criteria
both of which had been supported by co-financing from the State Environment Protection
Administration and the local government.
6.2.2 Mr. Han noted that between May 2005 and May 2006 six monitoring programmes had been
executed to determine the baseline condition of the river water that would be input to the system once
constructed. From the preliminary design study it had been determined that the facility would treat a
total of 40,000 cubic metres of water per day and that this would be processed through four wetland
sub-sets.
6.2.3 The design of the system would include "pre-treatment" in terms of sediment pools, anaerobic
digestion and oxidation pond being undertaken before discharge of the water to the wetland. Final cost
estimates were of the order of 35 mil ion yuan with a unit treatment cost once operational of 0.224 yuan
per tonne of water. Mr. Han noted that during discussions with local authorities it had become apparent
that there were plans to construct an elevated highway over part of the area set aside for the wetland.
Since these were not yet fixed it had been decided to proceed with the construction of the wetland.
6.2.4 During discussion queries were raised regarding the impact of the road construction on the
capacity of the system to remove nutrients since this was in part a function of the biological (primary)
production of the vegetation in the man-made wetland. It was felt that even an elevated structure if it
covered 20% of the wetland would reduce ambient light conditions significantly enough to impact the
effectiveness of the nutrient removal.
7.
REVIEW OF THE REVISED NATIONAL ACTION PLANS AND FINALISATION OF INPUTS
TO THE REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME
7.1
Review of the Revised National Action Plans
7.1.1 The Chairperson invited the Senior Expert to introduce the document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
LbP.7/6 "Analysis of the Contents of the Draft National Action Plans from the Perspective of the
Strategic Action Programme" which was drafted based on the revised versions of the NAPs received to
date. This document was sent to all members in advance of the seventh meeting for their review and
the provision of inputs before and during the meeting.
7.1.2 Dr. Tuan noted that during the fifth meeting of the RWG-LbP a comparative review of the
contents of the draft National Action Plans had been considered. Following receipt of guidance from the
Regional Scientific and Technical Committee (RSTC) on the further development of NAPs, an overall
analysis of the contents of the draft NAPs was considered by the sixth meeting of the RWG-LbP.
Dr. Tuan noted that the five revised NAPs had been reproduced as documents UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
LbP.7/6.Cam; 7/6.Ind; 7/6.Mal; 7/6.Tha and 7/6.Vie for the information of the meeting.
7.1.3 Dr. Tuan proposed and the meeting agreed that individual members would check their own
entries in Tables, 1, 2, 3, and 4 overnight and provide him with any amendments. It was further agreed
that the meeting would discuss and consider what should be entered into the regional column based on
common elements from the national entries.
7.1.4 There followed an extensive discussion of problems related to Land-based Pollution and
Dr. Pernetta indicated that the group needed to decide on what it intended to use as the focus for the
SAP, whether it should be sources, impacts, or the contaminants themselves. He noted that the work to
date had focussed on impacts rather than sources and that the assumption was that heavy metals and
nutrients were the most significant contaminants in terms of observable impacts.
7.1.5 During the discussion of the summary tables of the NAP contents with a view to identifying
actions to be undertaken at the regional level, it became apparent that there were a large number of
empty cells in the tabulation, and indeed for many components and activities only one or two countries
had identified these and included them in the action plans. The table was amended by the focal points
over night and is attached as Annex 4 of this report. For deciding on the regional actions it was agreed
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 7
that the group would focus on the amplification of the synoptic tabulation contained in document
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/7 and insert additional regional actions into this tabulation.
7.2
Revision of the Goals and Targets of the Regional Strategic Action Programme
7.2.1 Regarding the goals and targets proposed by the Regional Working Group on Land-based
Pollution (RWG-LbP) during its' fifth meeting, the RSTC had suggested that the RWG-LbP should
consider the formulation of more action-oriented targets. During the sixth meeting, the national focal
points for Land-based Pol ution presented goals and targets of the National Action Plans as baseline for
discussion of the regional goals and targets. The meeting had proposed updated targets as presented
in Annex 5 of the sixth meeting report (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.6/3) as follows:
Regional targets:
1
By the year 2017, to meet sea water quality (14 parameters) standards fol owing
ASEAN criteria (except pollutants from scientifically identified natural sources, if any)
for
-
90% of monitoring stations in the 17 hot spots characterised by the RWG-LbP
between 2002 2004;
-
80% of other monitoring stations (more than 400 at present time)* in coastal
waters of the South China Sea.
2. By the year 2012, agree and adopt regional standards for contaminants in sediment
and biota.
3. By the year 2012, characterise and prioritise all hot spots surrounding the South China
Sea.
4. By the year 2012, review and amend national legislation in support of al targets.
7.2.2 The RWG-LbP noted that the RSTC had reviewed these targets during their sixth meeting and
suggested that:
The Regional Working Group on Land-based Pollution reconsider the draft goals and
targets since the wording of the first suggested that it might be possible to achieve the
target and at the same time have an increased loading of pollutant reaching the South
China Sea.
7.2.3 During discussion it was noted that for some countries, estimates of load from point sources
were available but there were few estimates for contaminants from non-point sources. It was suggested
therefore that, it was difficult to define a target with respect to the load and hence it was not possible to
address directly the concern of the RSTC. The Working Group decided to include a target to derive an
estimate of total contaminant load arriving in the South China Sea marine basin. In this connection the
working group took note of the model ing approach developed by SEA START RC in collaboration with
the EAS/RCU and recognised that this was one valuable approach to estimate loads from non-point
sources of nutrient pol ution.
7.2.4 It was agreed to amend the second target and replace the word "standard" with "criteria". There
followed a lengthy discussion of the target regarding the amendment of national legislation during which
it was noted that amending legislation was frequently a lengthy process and the target might not be met
in al cases. Despite this concern it was agreed to retain the target in order to ensure that countries
worked towards achieving the other targets.
7.3
Discussion of the Regional Actions for Inclusion in the Land-based Pollution Component
of the Regional Strategic Action Programme
7.3.1 In introducing this agenda item it was noted that up to the sixth meeting of the RWG-LbP, draft
NAPs had not been received from Malaysia and Philippines, and some others had not been revised and
updated. Consequently discussion during the sixth meeting, of possible actions for inclusion in the
regional SAP was largely based on personal experience. The sixth meeting of the RSTC considered
this and advised that:
* Numbers of monitoring stations of the participating countries: China, 115; Cambodia, 8; Indonesia, around 100; Malaysia, 128;
Philippines, 18; Thailand, 100+; Viet Nam, 21 (72 if plans are implemented by 2010).
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 8
10.2.17
Regarding the land-based pollution activities it was noted that these were
drafted on the basis of an incomplete set of national action plans and that consequently
they would require more extensive work by the RWG-LbP. The meeting recommended
that, the RWG-LbP needs to go through this issue again based on NAP inputs to reflect
national perspectives.
7.3.2 The Senior Expert introduced document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/7 "Inputs from the
Land-based Pollution Component for Updating the Regional Strategic Action Programme" and the initial
draft text prepared by the PCU.
7.3.3 The working group decided to tackle the development of actions for the SAP through smal
groups working on each of the main components. The regional experts and PCU member served as
facilitators for each of the small groups which prepared sets of appropriate activities for each
component. Thereafter the group reconvened in plenary and discussed the drafts in detail, amended
and agreed them as presented in Table 5 of Annex 5.
7.3.4 The working group considered Annex 1 of document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/7 and it was
agreed that Dr. Zainal Arifin would redraft the text in line with the discussion of the problems related to
Land-based Pol ution and Ms. Otico would prepare draft text relating to the chal enges. It was further
agreed that each focal point would complete the information required in Tables 3 and 4 and that the
drafts would be prepared overnight, circulated and discussed during the next session. For incomplete
entries in the Tables a time would be agreed by which the focal points would supply the information to
the PCU.
7.3.5 The revised text and tables are attached to this report as Annex 5.
7.4
Estimation of the Costs of the Actions
7.4.1 Given the fact that the meeting was behind schedule it was agreed that this agenda item would
not be considered during this meeting.
8.
UPDATE OF THE REGIONAL GIS DATABASE AND META-DATABASE AND EFFICIENT
USE OF THE PROJECT WEBSITE
8.1
The Chairperson invited the PCU Member to introduce document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
LbP.7/8, "Status of the UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project Website, Online Tools, and Activities to
Promote the Land-based Pollution Component of the Project". The Focal Points were reminded that it is
their responsibility to ensure that they present new land-based pol ution GIS and meta-data sets to the
Project Co-ordinating Unit as they become available at the national level. Agreements made during the
sixth meeting regarding revision and updating of national data for inclusion in the regional databases
have general y not been implemented.
8.2
Dr. Tuan noted that the PCU has conducted an evaluation of each meta-data entry and has
prepared guidance for project component focal points concerning how their existing meta-data entries
could be revised to make them more user-friendly. The results of this evaluation were presented in
Annex 2 of document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/8. Members were invited to discuss and agree on a
schedule for updating the regional databases and for amending existing entries in the light of the analysis
conducted by the PCU.
8.3
Questions were raised regarding the format of the meta-database and the nature of materials that
should be submitted. It was agreed that existing meta-data entries would be updated online and new
entries made by 10th September and available GIS data would be submitted by the end of September.
8.4
Members were invited to discuss and agree on how the project website might be used to improve
communication between members of the RWG-LbP, during the inter-sessional period, and for
disseminating information about the Land-based Pol ution component activities to the SCS Project
Network and other interested parties. It was agreed that an e-forum for land-based pol ution problems
would be established and that Dr. Arifin would serve as moderator.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 9
9.
CONSIDERATION OF THE RSTC RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING CARRYING
CAPACITY OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA MARINE BASIN
9.1
Application and Expansion of Modelling Approach Developed by SEA START RC
9.1.1 The Chairperson noted that the sixth meeting of the RSTC had considered "Report of the
Investigation of the Carrying Capacity of the South China Sea Basin with respect to Nutrients"; and
discussed and agreed a series of recommendations, as seen in paragraphs 8.7 and 8.8 the meeting
report:
8.7
Dr. Anond presented possible recommendations for the consideration of the
committee as fol ows:
·
Encourage LbP SEA's to use the quantitative modelling approach to
re-assess existing hotspots and to identify new hotspots of nutrient loading in
the SCS by also incorporating carrying capacity of the coastal system, and
future scenarios for nutrient generation/treatment in the catchments into
consideration;
·
A `no-cost' annex of the MoU between PCU and SEA START RC to continue
technical support for countries to continue model ing;
·
LbP SEA's are encouraged to participate in the COBSEA/GPA-LBA project
"Determination of Pollution Loading from Land-Based Sources by Using
Modelling and GIS" by involvement in their catchment modelling exercise
and linking catchment loading scenarios to determine future sensitivity of the
coastal areas to future land-based pollution loading;
·
Allow SEA START RC to put data and GIS model results, model ing scripts,
etc. developed by the project on to the SCS project website;
·
RWG LbP and expert members in the group identify an institution in SCS
region and draft a technical element of ToR to develop the carrying capacity
with respect to heavy metal (based on level in sediment and biological
sample data, e.g. from mussel watch project, and relation with nearby
land-based heavy metal sources).
8.8
The meeting agreed to accept these recommendations as detailed above,
following minor amendment to the original wording.
9.1.2 Dr. Pernetta noted that the model for carrying capacity of the South China Sea with respect to
nutrient loading from land-based pol ution developed by SEA START RC had already been uploaded to
the Project Website, together with a User Manual for the South China Sea Nutrient Carrying Capacity
Model which provides guidance for running the model. It was noted that the model could be run entirely
in Excel and that geographic sub-sets could be used to examine the effects of change in nutrient
loading on sub-units of the entire South China Sea marine basin.
9.1.3 During discussion various proposals were made concerning possible institutions that could be
contacted regarding development of a model of carrying capacity of the South China Sea with respect
to heavy metals. These included PEMSEA, Marine Science Institute of the University of the Philippines,
Department of Marine Science, Chulalongkorn University, and SEA START RC. It was agreed that
members would contact these and other institutions to ascertain their interest and/or willingness to
undertake this work.
9.2
Possible Collaboration with the COBSEA/GPA-LBA Project "Determination of Pollution
Loading from Land-based Sources by Using Modelling and GIS"
9.2.1
The Chairperson invited Ms. Birgitta Liss, Junior Professional Officer of the East Asian Seas,
Regional Co-ordinating Unit to present document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/9 entitled COBSEA/
GPA-LBA Project "Determination of Pollution Loading from Land-based Sources by Using Modelling
and GIS". Ms. Liss highlighted the approach of the project, which was based on modelling nutrients
derived from human populations and agricultural sources within catchments in order to provide an
estimate of nutrient inputs to coastal waters.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 10
9.2.2
During discussion it was noted that the number of catchments was quite limited (15) and the
majority were quite small, hence it would be difficult to generalise to all 300 catchments draining to the
South China Sea, although ultimately it could be used to generate estimates of total nutrient loading. It
was suggested that this model could be used to provide more realistic scenarios of future nutrient inputs
that could be used in model ing eutrophication status of the coastal waters of the South China Sea and
hence there was value in linking this model and its' outputs to the Carrying Capacity model developed
by the South China Sea Project.
9.2.3
It was agreed that the members of the Regional Working Group on Land-based Pollution
would provide data relating to additional catchments where possible, and that where appropriate the
EAS/RCU would attempt to involve members of the RWG-LbP in such activities.
10.
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED SOUTH CHINA SEA PROJECT TRAINING ACTIVITIES
REGARDING THE LAND-BASED POLLUTION COMPONENT
10.1 The Chairperson invited the Senior Expert to introduce document UNEP/GEF/SCS/
RSTC.6/Sub-Comm regarding "The South China Sea Project Training Programme". The Senior Expert
outlined the aims and modus operandi of the South China Sea Project training programme, as well as
the procedures proposed for the selection of Implementing Entities and the conduct of training courses.
10.2
In response to the query from number of members, Dr. Tuan noted that relevant participants
should be related to demonstration sites or pilot activities and that no person could attend more than one
course. Focal points need to send their nominations for participants to the National Technical Focal Point
who was responsible for selecting 3 - 4 candidates as appropriate for each training course.
10.3
The Focal points from China and Indonesia noted that the training courses on "Community-based
management" and "Project design, planning and financial management" were relevant to their pilot
activities and candidates would be sent to the National Technical Focal Point for nomination. Ms. Zulhasni
also noted that she would recommend that a representative from the Batam Pilot Activity should attend
the training course on "Mechanism for sustainable production/use of mangroves and other wetlands".
11.
REVISION OF THE WORK PLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON LAND-BASED POLLUTION 2006 - 2007
11.1
Based on the discussion and agreements reached under the previous agenda items, and
document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/10 "Proposed Work Plan and Timetable for the Regional
Working Group on Land-based Pollution, 2006 to 2007", the Regional Working Group considered its'
work plan for the period 2006- 2007.
11.2
Dr. Tuan noted that the work plan should include a timetable to finalise and secure high level
government approval of the National Action Plans, and the publication of national reports in those cases
where the Specialised Executing Agencies have not completed publication. The draft work plan was
considered, amended and approved as it appears in Annex 6 of this report.
12.
DATE AND PLACE OF THE EIGHTH MEETING OF THE REGIONAL WORKING GROUP ON
LAND-BASED POLLUTION
12.1
Members recalled that the PSC decided at its' second meeting that future RWG meetings
should be convened at potential demonstration sites. It should be noted that this ruling does not specify
that meetings must be held in demonstration sites relating to the specific component or sub-component
of the project, hence the working group is at liberty to propose a meeting at any demonstration site.
12.2
Members were invited to consider and agree upon the proposed time and place for the eighth
meeting of the RWG-LbP. Following some discussion it was agreed to convene the eighth meeting of
the working group at one of the demonstration sites in the Philippines between 6 - 9 August 2007.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Page 11
13. ANY
OTHER
BUSINESS
13.1 The Chairperson invited members to propose, consider and discuss any further items of
business under this agenda item, noting that at the time of adopting the agenda it had been agreed to
discuss the PEMSEA Congress at this point in the agenda.
13.2
Dr. Tuan noted that the deadline for submission of abstracts was August 15th and following
some discussion the group decided that insufficient time was available to prepare a paper for
submission to this conference.
14.
ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING
14.1 The Rapporteur, Mr. Hashim presented the draft report of the meeting prepared by the
Secretary for consideration and adoption by the members. The draft was considered amended and
adopted as it appears in this document.
15.
CLOSURE OF THE MEETING
15.1
The Chairperson invited the Project Director to make a few closing remarks. Dr. Pernetta
thanked the participants for their hard work and the substantial inputs to the draft SAP. The Chairperson
thanked the ladies of the PCU for their support to the meeting, the government of Cambodia for hosting
the meeting and al participants for their substantial contributions during the discussions.
15.2
The Chairperson formally closed the meeting at 1705 on 10th August 2006.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 1
Page 1
ANNEX 1
List of Participants
Focal Points
Cambodia
People's Republic of China
Mr. Pak Sokharavuth, Deputy Director
Mr. Han Baoxin, Deputy Director
Department of Pol ution Control
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,
Ministry of Environment
SEPA
48 Samdech Preah Sihanouk
7 West Street, Yuancun
Sangkat Tonle Bassac, Khan Chamkarmon
Guangzhou, 510655
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guangdong Province, China
Tel: (855 23) 222 439
Tel: (86 20) 8554 1616;
Mobile: (855) 12 962103
Mobile: (86) 13 9024 08273
Fax: (855 23) 987 880
Fax: (86 20) 8552 5658; 8553 8243
E-mail: sokharavuth@online.com.kh
E-mail: hbx@scies.com.cn; bxhan@21cn.com
Indonesia
Malaysia
Ms. Zulhasni, Head
Mr. Hashim bin Daud, Director
Marine Environmental Protection Division
Marine and Water Division
Ministry of Environment
Department of Environment, Malaysia (DOE)
Jl D.I. Panjaitan Kav 24
Level 2, Podium 2, Block 4G3 Precint 4,
Jakarta 13410
Federal Government Administrative Centre
Indonesia
62574, Putrajaya, Malaysia
Tel:
(62 21) 8590 5638
Tel: (603)
8871
2104
Fax: (62 21) 8590 4929
Fax: (603)
8888
4070
E-mail: zulhasni@menlh.go.id
E-mail: hd@doe.gov.my
Philippines
Thailand
Ms. Perseveranda-Fe J. Otico
Dr. Saravuth Rattanachongkiat
Pollution Research Section
Marine Environment Division
Research and Development Division
Water Quality Management Bureau
Environmental Management Bureau (EMB),
Pollution Control Department, 6 Floor
DENR Compound, Visayas Avenue
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Diliman, Quezon City
92 Soi Pahon Yothin 7, Pahon Yothin Rd.,
Philippines
Sam Sen Nai, Phayathai
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Tel:
(632) 426 4337; 426 4339
Fax:
(632) 927 1518; 426 4340
Tel: (66 2) 298 2253-4
E-mail: fejotico@yahoo.com
Fax: (66 2) 298 2240
E-mail: nuipcd@yahoo.com
Viet Nam
Dr. Nguyen Thi Viet Lien, Deputy Director
Center for Marine Environment Survey
Research and Consultation
Institute of Mechanics, NCST
264 Doi Can Street, Ba Dinh District,
Hanoi, Viet Nam
Tel:
(844) 832 6136; 832 6195
Fax: (844) 832 7903
E-mail: nvlien@imech.ac.vn
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 1
Page 2
Expert Members
Dr. Gul aya Wattayakorn
Professor Dr. Law Ah Theem
Marine Science Department
Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science,
Chulalongkorn University
University College of Science and Technology
Phayathai Road
Malaysia (Kustem),
Bangkok 10330
Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu
Thailand
Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Tel:
(66 2) 218 5407; 218 5409
Tel:
(609) 668 3302; (60) 16 3266 933
Fax:
(66 2) 255 0780
Fax: (609) 669 4660
E-mail: gullaya@chula.ac.th
E-mail: atlaw@kustem.edu.my
gullaya@gmail.com
Dr. Zainal Arifin
Research Center for Oceanography
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Jl. Pasir Putih l, Ancol Timur
Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
Tel:
(62 21) 6471 3850 Ext. 125
Mobile: (62) 811 907027
Fax:
(62 21) 6471 1948
E-mail: zarifin@dnet.net.id
Observers
Ms. Birgitta Liss
Mr. Chea Nara
Junior Professional Officer
Vice, Chief
United Nations Environment Programme
Office of Environmental Pollution Control
2nd Floor, Block B, United Nations Building
#48, Preath Sihanouk, Sangkat, Tonle Bassac
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue
Khan Charmkamorn
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Tel:
(66 2) 288 2214
Tel:
(855) 23 222 439
Fax:
(66 2) 281 2428
Mobile: (855) 12 758 687
E-mail: liss@un.org
E-mail: narachea@hotmail.com
Project Co-ordinating Unit Member
Dr. Vo Si Tuan, Senior Expert
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit
United Nations Environment Programme
2nd Floor, Block B, United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel:
(66 2) 288 2084
Fax:
(66 2) 288 1094
E-mail: vo@un.org
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 1
Page 3
Project Co-ordinating Unit
Dr. John Pernetta, Project Director
Ms. Unchalee Pernetta, Programme Assistant
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
2nd Floor, Block B, United Nations Building
2nd Floor, Block B, United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel:
(66 2) 288 1886
Tel:
(66 2) 288 1670
Fax: (66 2) 288 1094
Fax:
(66 2) 288 1094
E-mail: pernetta@un.org
E-mail: kattachan.unescap@un.org
Ms. Saranya Rojananuangnit, Team Assistant
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit
United Nations Environment Programme
2nd Floor, Block B, United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Nok Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel:
(66 2) 288 2608
Fax:
(66 2) 288 1094
E-mail: rojananuangnit@un.org
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 2
Page 1
ANNEX 2
List of Documents
Discussion documents
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/1 Agenda.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/2 Annotated
Agenda.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Report of the Meeting.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LBP.7/4
Current Status of Budgets and Administrative Reports from
the Specialised Executing Agencies in the Participating
Countries.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/5
Status of Publication of National Reports and Submission
of National Action Plans from the Specialized Executing
Agencies.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6
Analysis of the Contents of the Draft National Action Plans
from the Perspective of the Strategic Action Programme.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6.Cam
Draft Strategic Plan for Land-based Pol ution for 2006
2010 and beyond of Cambodia.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6.Ind
Strategy and Action Plan on Land-based Pollution of
Indonesia.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6.Mal
National Action Plan for Land-based Pollution in the South
China Sea of Malaysia.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6.Tha
Management Framework to Protect Marine Environment
from Land-based Pol ution of Thailand.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6.Vie
National Proposed Plan on Land-based Pol ution Control to
2010 of Viet Nam.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/7
Inputs from the Land-based Pollution Component for
Updating the Regional Strategic Action Programme.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/8
Status of the UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project Website,
Online Tools, and Activities to Promote the Land-based
Pollution Component of the Project.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/9
COBSEA/GPA-LBA Project "Determination of Pollution
Loading from Land-based Sources by Using Modelling and
GIS".
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/10
Proposed Work Plan and Timetable for the Regional
Working Group on Land-based Pol ution 2006 to 2007.
Information documents
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/Inf.1
List of Participants.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/Inf.2
List of Documents.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/Inf.3
Programme for the Sixth Meeting of the RWG-LbP.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RSTC.6/Sub-Comm
First Meeting of the Sub-committee of the Sixth Meeting of
the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee for the
UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing Environmental Degradation
Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand".
Report of the Meeting. Bangkok, Thailand, 6th 10th
February 2006 UNEP/GEF/SCS/RSTC.6/Sub-Comm.
Published Reports supplied in hard copy (available on the Project Website www.unepscs.org)
UNEP/GEF/SCS/PSC.5/3
Fifth Meeting of the Project Steering Committee for the
UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing Environmental Degradation
Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand".
Report of the Meeting. Batam, Indonesia, 12th 14th
December2005 UNEP/GEF/SCS/PSC.5/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 2
Page 2
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RSTC.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Scientific and Technical
Committee for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting. Batam,
Indonesia, 8th 10th December 2005 UNEP/GEF/SCS/
RSTC.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the
Seagrass Sub-component for the UNEP/GEF Project
"Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting.
Bolinao, Philippines, 27th 30th September 2005
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-W.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the
Wetlands Sub-component for the UNEP/GEF Project
"Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting.
Sihanoukvil e, Cambodia, 12th 15th September 2005
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-W.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-F.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the
Fisheries Component for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting. Kudat, Sabah,
Malaysia, 5th 8th September 2005 UNEP/GEF/SCS/
RWG-F.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-CR.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the Coral
Reefs Sub-component for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting. Masinloc,
Philippines, 22nd 25th August 2005 UNEP/GEF/SCS/
RWG-CR.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-M.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the
Mangroves Sub-component for the UNEP/GEF Project
"Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting.
Busuanga Island, Palawan, Philippines, 1st 5th August 2005
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-M.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.6/3
Sixth Meeting of the Regional Working Group on the Land-
based Pollution Component for the UNEP/GEF Project
"Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting.
Ninh Hai, Ninh Thuan, Viet Nam, 18th 21st July 2005
UNEP/GEF/ SCS/RWG-LbP.6/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RTF-E.4/3
Fourth Meeting of the Regional Task Force on Economic
Valuation for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the Meeting. Xuan Thuy,
Nam Dinh Province, Viet Nam, 27th 30th March 2006
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RTF-E.4/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RTF-L.4/3
Fourth Meeting of the Regional Task Force on Legal Matters
for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing Environmental
Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of
Thailand". Report of the Meeting. Shantou, China, 24th 27th
April 2006 UNEP/GEF/SCS/RTF-L.4/3.
Document received during the RWG-LbP-7 meeting in Sihanoukville, Cambodia 7-10 August 2006.
Cambodia:
Cash Advance Request (30 June-31 December 2006)
Six Monthly Project Expenditure Report (January-June 2006)
Six Month Progress Report (January-June 2006)
Report on the Meeting of the Land-Based Pollution Committee at Koh Kong Province
on 29 March 2006.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 3
Page 1
ANNEX 3
Agenda
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING
1.1
Welcome Address on behalf of UNEP
1.2
Introduction of Participants
2. ORGANISATION
OF
THE
MEETING
2.1
Election of Officers
2.2
Documentation and Administrative Arrangements
3. ADOPTION
OF
THE
MEETING
AGENDA
4.
STATUS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS FOR 2005 AND 2006: PROGRESS REPORTS;
EXPENDITURE REPORTS; AUDIT REPORTS; AND MOU AMENDMENTS
5.
STATUS OF SUBMISSION OF SUBSTANTIVE OUTPUTS FROM THE SPECIALIZED
EXECUTING AGENCIES AND REGIONAL WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
5.1
Publication of National Reports in Local Languages and English
5.2
Finalisation, Adoption and Implementation of National Action Plans
5.3
The Regional Overview of Land-based Pol ution of the South China Sea
6.
STATUS OF PILOT ACTIVITIES
6.1 Batam,
Indonesia
6.2
Ling Ding Yang, China
7.
REVIEW OF THE REVISED NATIONAL ACTION PLANS AND FINALISATION OF INPUTS
TO THE REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME
7.1 Review of the Revised National Action Plans
7.2 Revision of the Goals and Targets of the Regional Strategic Action Programme
7.3 Discussion of the Regional Actions for Inclusion in the Land-based Pollution
Component of the Regional Strategic Action Programme
7.4 Estimation of the Costs of the Actions
8.
UPDATE OF THE REGIONAL GIS DATABASE AND META-DATABASE AND EFFICIENT
USE OF THE PROJECT WEBSITE
9.
CONSIDERATION OF THE RSTC RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING CARRYING
CAPACITY OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA MARINE BASIN
9.1 Application and Expansion of Model ing Approach Developed by SEA START RC
9.2 Possible Col aboration with the COBSEA/GPA-LBA Project "Determination of Pol ution
Loading from Land-based Sources by Using Modelling and GIS"
10.
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED SOUTH CHINA SEA PROJECT TRAINING ACTIVITIES
REGARDING THE LAND-BASED POLLUTION COMPONENT
11.
REVISION OF THE WORK PLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON LAND-BASED POLLUTION 2006 - 2007
12.
DATE AND PLACE OF THE EIGHTH MEETING OF THE REGIONAL WORKING GROUP
ON LAND-BASED POLLUTION
13. ANY
OTHER
BUSINESS
14.
ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING
15.
CLOSURE OF THE MEETING
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 1
ANNEX 4
Analysis of the content of the Draft National Action Plans from the Perspective
of the Regional Action Programme
During the Fifth Meeting of the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee (RSTC), members
considered the process of revision and adoption of the Strategic Action Programme (SAP) during the
second phase of the project. It was noted that the next meetings of the Regional Working Groups
would have to consider revision of the relevant portions of the SAP, and inputs from the sixth
meetings would be collated by the Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) into a draft revised SAP for review
by the RSTC in December 2005. The RSTC agreed that a final version of the SAP should be
completed by, the end of 2006. It was further noted that the various Regional Working Groups would
be responsible for the revision of sections of the SAP related to the specific components and sub-
components, and that the RSTC would be in a better position to identify regional actions and
activities, such as coordination across the components.
Based on the existing versions of the National Action Plans (NAP) received from Focal Points for the
Land-based Component, the PCU compiled a summary of their contents, as the basis for discussion
of regional actions relating to Land-based Pollution that should be included in the draft revised SAP.
This review was introduced as the document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/6"Analysis of the Contents
of the Draft National Action Plans from the Perspective of the Strategic Action Programme".
The Regional Working Group on Land-based Pol ution considered the contents of the review and
provided additional information to complete the document. In deciding on the regional actions it was
agreed that these would focus on the amplification of the synoptic tabulation contained in document
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/7 and additional regional actions were inserted into this tabulation as
seen in the Annex 5.
The Tables attached herein summarise the outputs of the discussion and analysis of the contents of
the draft National Action Plans from the Perspective of the Strategic Action Programme, as follows:
Table 1
Problems of Land-based Pollution derived from the National Action Plans and at the
regional level
Table 2
Challenges for Land-based Pollution Management Outlined in each of the National Action
Plans and at the regional level
Table 3
Goals, Time Frames, Total Costs and Key Executing Agencies Outlined in each of the
National Action Plans for the Land-based Component
Table 4.1 4.5 Objectives and Activities for different components at the national level
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 2
Table 1
Problems of Land-based Pollution derived from the National Action Plans and at the regional level1.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Region
The major cause
Urban and industrial
Organic and inorganic
Generally, the increase of Pollution in downstream
Contaminants
influencing marine
pollution have eliminated
discharges from big
anthropogenic activities
areas of river
POPs (transboudary significance)
water quality is liquid
the inshore demersal
towns
due to the economic
watersheds
Heavy metals
wastes (sewage)
fishery and has degraded
Agricultural run-off is
expansions in this region The units seriously
Nutrient
then followed by
the coastal eco-system
significant as this area
leads to a generation of
polluting the
Oil
agricultural waste,
is still largely
large amount of wastes
environment in coastal
Suspended solid
oily waste, solid
Sewage
agricultural based
such as wastewater,
provinces
Sources
waste (organic
Liter and Plastics
High concentrations of
solid wastes, organic
Coastal urban waste
Sewage
matters), sediment
POPs
Escherichia coli were
matters etc., which affect
water
Agricultural discharge
matter, and solid
Nutrients and organics
detected in most of
marine environments,
Coastal urban solid
Shrimp farm
waste (non-organic
Sedimentation/siltation
the coastal waters
water quality, sediment,
waste
Impacts
matters).
Heavy metals
Heavy metals level is
and marine organisms
Coastal economic zones
Eutrophication
Hydrocarbons
relatively low,
hazardous waste
Living resource decline??
Radioactivity
indicating a lower level
Pollution in marine ports
Human health
Escherichia coli
of industrialization
Transboundary pollution
Eco-system degradation by degraded water
compared to the West
needs to be controlled
quality
Coast of Peninsular
Oil pollution
Siltation/sedimentation
Malaysia.
Marine mammal health (heavy metal)
Food quality for export
Table 2
Challenges for Land-based Pollution Management Outlined in each of the National Action Plans and at the regional level.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Region
Lack of cooperation
The lack of effective
Division of powers Lack of commitment Information on the
Lack of cooperation and coordination among related sectors at
with concerned
implementation and
to control land-
in terms of land
state of pollution
the national level & Weak linkage between central and lower
institutions.
enforcement of the existing
based pollution at
get from the
is inadequate
levels of the governments
Lack of financing
rules and regulations.
central and lower
government and
Public awareness
High population pressure and industrilisation causing increased
Lack of planning
Institutional arrangement
levels of
collaboration from
on the
contaminant load.
Limited human
particularly to enhance
government.
the private
environmental
Low public awareness & Lack of responsible commitment of
resources and
cooperation mechanism in
To improve land
sectors.
pollution is very
citizens
manpower as well as
controlling, implementing
use planning.
Lack of vision to
low
Lack of treatment facilities
technology
and monitoring the marine
To provide more
create integrated
Financial
Lack of appropriate legislations and Weak law enforcement
Limit on the public
pollution programmes.
access to
and sustainable
economic
Lack of government commitment in balancing economic growth
awareness
Improper disposal of
centralized
management
shortage
and environmental protection
programme
sewage
sewage treatment
strategies since
Legal, institutional
Low priority for environment protection, public awareness and
Data information
Effective controlling on
facilities. These
the beginning.
and
enhancement of advocacy
related to LBP
herbicides and pesticides
in turn need to be
management
Lack of research and monitoring resources (human, facilities...)
unavailable
use
upgraded.
poor
Lack of regional comparable monitoring and analytical
Laboratory equipment
methodology & Lack of criteria standard for sediment quality
is limited
1 No revised National Action Plan (NAP) received from China and no first draft of NAP submitted by Philippines for this analysis.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 3
Table 3
Goals, Time Frames, Total Costs and Key Executing Agencies Outlined in each of the National Action Plans.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Goals
Develop and implement policies and
For Heavy Metal to establish of Rules and
All actions to contribute to protect
To reduce pol ution from all
Contributing significantly
guidelines related to land-based
Regulation to lessen the concentration of this agent
the environment and improved
sources of origins in order
to the marine
pollution management.
in the environment.
the marine water quality.
to maintain marine
environment
Develop activities for information
For Oil to obligate and implement the International
environmental quality within
protection
and scientific data collection related
Convention on Oil Pollution as well as to provide
standards
to marine water quality and update
financial allocations in coping with this issue.
To make all the related
Prepare and implement plan to
For Solid Waste to provide a system for Waste
institutions and people
determine marine pollution hotspots
Disposal as well as the Establishment of related
aware of and participate
and to take measures for
Rules and Regulation in reduction of Solid Waste.
in resource management
prevention land-based pollution
For Sedimentation to provide a system for
and marine environmental
Provide and strengthen National
Management in this regard as well as the
management
Capacity for land-based pol ution
Establishment of related rules and regulation.
management
For Organics and Nutrients to establish a sewage
Raise public awareness and
(treatment) system as well the provision of financial
promote public participation for
allocation in coping with this issue.
preventing and combating of
For E coli to establish of a sewage (treatment)
land-based pollution
system.
Time Frame
2006 2010 and beyond
1994 2019
2004 - 2010
To 2017
Total cost
40,000 USD
No provided
No provided
No provided
1,549.5 millions USD
Key Executing Agencies
Ministry of Environment (MoE)
Ministry of Environment (MoE)
Department of Environment,
Marine Environment
Ministry of Natural
Sewage Service Dept. and Local
Division, Water Quality
Resources and
Authorities
Management Bureau,
Environment (MoNRE)
Pollution Control Dept.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 4
Table 4.1
Objectives and Activities for Component 1: Research and Monitoring.
Cambodia2
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand3
Viet Nam4
Objectives
Establish scientific data on
(No objective for all components)
Monitor baseline and pollution trends
Systematically study, research and
Establishment of a synchronous
marine water quality
develop instruments for water
governmental management
pollution management
system from national to local
(coastal provinces) level,
improvement of legal documents
and strengthening of capacity in
marine pollution control5
Activities
Sub-component 1: Assessment and Research
Determine marine water
Identifying major sewage hot-spots
Identifying problem areas
Research and development of
Pollution Inventory and Auditing
pollution parameters and its
which pose specific environmental
knowledge, technology and
quality standard
and health hazard
innovation to solve water pollution
Research and study on situation Inventorying all possible sources of
problems
of non-point source of pollution
POPs, (including both present and
Support the advanced scientific
especial y from aquaculture
potential sinks);
research that provide practical
and animal husbandry
Identifying marine and coastal areas
applications
where nutrient input will cause either
direct or indirect pollution
Compiling and maintaining inventories
of (possible) sources of heavy metals
Sub-component 2: Monitoring
Determine sampling sites, take
Establishing and improving the
Create an extensive river and marine
Conduct monitoring programs in
and analyze samples, record
monitoring of both sedimentation
water quality monitoring network that
water bodies country wide.
Development and implementation
data and disseminate such
and siltation in the marine and
serves as a comprehensive, systematic
Create network for monitoring red
of Master Plan of National
information;
coastal environment
and precise database for water quality
tide phenomenon and warning
Environmental monitoring
status in Malaysia
net work for emergency events
Developing planning and monitoring
Monitoring of the river water quality
capacity at local levels to deal with
throughout the project and after the
nutrient pollution from agricultural
pollution prevention and river water
and urban areas
quality enhancement programme;
Establishing and improving monitoring
Enforcement and Environmental
of pollution by heavy metals
Awareness
Sub-component 3: Socio-economic and cultural assessment
2 Activities derived from Part B Action Plan but not under Strategic goals.
3 Activities derived from sections on Water pollution management and Management plan for pollution affecting the marine environment.
4 Activities derived from proposed projects to meet two objectives.
5 This objective used for first four components.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 5
Table 4.1 Cont.
Objectives and Activities for Component 1: Research and Monitoring.
Cambodia6
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand7
Viet Nam8
Sub-component 4: Database management
Produce, publicize and share
Development of database to be used as
Using database, information
Development of marine pollution
scientific data and information
baseline for studies concerning the
technology and mathematical
control database at national,
related to land-based
ambient standards in river and marine
model to increase efficiency in
ministerial and provincial levels
pollution to the line ministries
water quality monitoring
environmental management
and relevant stakeholders
nationally and internationally.
Sub-component 5: Information system
Collect, analysis, produce and
Generate report for government and public
Support the technologies and share
update information and
the monitoring data that related to
scientific data related to marine
pollution mitigation
water quality
Set up monitoring systems to
continuously monitor environmental
status of all tourist beaches
Sub-component 6: Decision support system
Comprehensive study to formulate action
Create collaborative mechanisms
plans/pollution prevention and river water
between related organisation and
quality enhancement programmes
exchange information among
governmental organizations.
Sub-component 7: Environmental Impact Assessment
To improve land use planning
Priority
High
High
High
Medium - High
Time Frame
2007 - 2010
1994 2019 (sewage, litters, POPs,
2001 - 2010
2007 - 2012
heavy metal & E.coli)
2005 2009 (sedimentation)
Cost
177,500 USD
40.5 millions USD
Executing Agencies
MoE
Department of Environment,
MoNRE, other ministries and
provincial governments
6 Activities derived from Part B Action Plan but not under Strategic goals.
7 Activities derived from sections on Water pollution management and Management plan for pollution affecting the marine environment.
8 Activities derived from proposed projects to meet two objectives.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 6
Table 4.2
Objectives and Activities for Component 2: National Policy, Legal and Institutional Arrangement and Co-ordination.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Objectives
Develop and effectively
National policy to protect the
Effective water pollution management
implement policy
environment
strategy
related to marine water
pollution management.
Activities
Sub-component 1: Integration of research programmes with management and policy making
Develop memorandum
Setting up an integrated and
Support the integrated and active water
Integration of National Pollution
of understanding for
focused centre for the
quality management
Control Plan into Socio-economic
corporation between
promotion and
Develop mechanisms, instruments and
development plans of 3 coastal
concerned institutions
implementation of CP and
measures to support water pollution
economic zones
related to marine water
EST in the country as well as
management
quality management
for the region
activities
Sub-component 2: Monitoring the NAPs
Sub-component 3: Review and improve existing laws and policies
Develop policy related
Developing plans for the installation of
Adoption of a comprehensive
Update the laws associated with water
Assessment of law/ regulation
to marine water quality
BAT and BEP facilities
waste management policy to
pollution management
enforcement in pol ution control
management.
Applying the precautionary approach
address issues of waste
Set up discharge standards based on the
Adjust and improve the legal
Develop guideline for
principle through legislation, regulations
reduction, reuse and recycling
waste receiving capacity of each area
documents related to land
marine water quality
or directives
Development of specific EIA
Revise and invent additional laws and
allocation, budget, tax and fee.
monitoring and
Developing plans (targets, timetables,
Guidelines for Municipal Solid
regulations specifically for marine
Implement the criteria on strict
evaluating
sector specific measures) to reduce
Waste Incinerators and
environmental management and strictly
treatment
eliminate emissions and discharges of
specific EIA Guidelines for
enforce the laws
Implementation of the Decision No.
heavy metals from all sources
Sanitary Landfil s
Legally mandate the local residences, and
64/2003/QD-TTg on resolving the
Establishing criteria for best environmental
small scale restaurants and hotels to install
units seriously polluting the
practices in dumping dredged materials
waste treatment systems such as grease
environment in coastal provinces
and in dredging operations
traps and septic tanks
Legally mandate al the ships and marine
vessels to have on board waste reception
facilities
Sub-component 4: Integration of government agencies
National policy to integrate all
actions by agencies to control
land-based pollution
Sub-component 5: Stakeholder analysis and involvement
Having active and in-depth public relations
Provide information to general public
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 7
Table 4.2 cont.
Objectives and Activities for Component 2: National Policy, Legal and Institutional Arrangement and Co-ordination.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Sub-component 6: Community empowerment
Set up local organizations to manage marine
environment and transfer the
responsibilities from central to local
government
Sub-component 7: Strengthening traditional value and management system
Sub-component 8: Establish an incentive system for good governance
Developing and implementing fiscal and
Implementing of Land-based Pollution
economic incentives an measures to
management along side a group of
reduce and eliminate emissions and
strategic plans to build up strong
discharges of heavy metals
foundations for pol ution management.
Sub-component 9: Linkage to regional and international obligations
Sub-component 10: International and regional cooperation
Participation in:
Participation in COBSEA, PEMSEA, Asean
COBSEA, PEMSEA and
Working group and "GPA.
Transboundary marine pollution
ASEAN Working Group on
control
Marine and Coastal
Environment
Priority
High
High
Medium - high
Time Frame
2006 - 2008
1994 2019 (sewage, litters, POPs,
2007 - 2012
heavy metal & E.coli)
2005 2009 (sedimentation)
Cost
90,000 USD
201.5 mil ions USD
Executing Agencies
MoE, MIME,
Department of Environment,
Pollution Control Department Ministry of
MoNRE, Ministry of Planning and
MOWRAM, MAFF,
Ministry of Natural Resources
Natural Resources and Environment.
Investment (MPI) and other ministries
MOPWT, local
and Environment
authorities and
stakeholders
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 8
Table 4.3
Objectives and Activities for Component 3: Public awareness, Communication and Education.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Objectives
Raise public awareness on
Environment education at schools and
Establish local networks for water
marine water quality
universities, environment awareness to
pollution management by having
management
all stakeholders
every sector involve.
Provide appropriate funding to local
network for education and public
awareness.
Activities
Sub-component 1: Improve government services
Produce training module,
hand book, and other
materials for in-service
officers
Sub-component 2: Development, improvement, and dissemination of awareness materials
Develop and carry out public
Implementing public awareness campaigns for the need
Environmental Awareness for
Educate and encourage general
Public awareness
campaigns for keeping
of sewage treatment
Schools/Institute of Higher Learning
public to understand and
raising on pol ution
clean of coastal area and
Implementing an effective awareness and education
Environmental Awareness for the Public
participate in the environmental
control
marine water
campaign for the public, industry commerce and sea-
Environmental Information Dissemination
protection
Develop public awareness
going vessels on the need for reducing waste
Local authorities will be encouraged to
Improve knowledge of people in al
raising program on marine
generation and the need for environmentally sound
introduce various initiatives and
levels, especially at the local level
water quality
disposal
appropriate economic approaches such as
Implementing information services, awareness and
incentives and collection charges to reduce
education campaigns to the public, industrial and
the amount of household waste.
agricultural sectors
Developing and implementing awareness and education
With regard to industrial wastes, industrial
campaigns for the public and industry on the need to
parks will be encouraged to build waste
reduce and eliminate pollution by heavy metals
disposal sites for improved management
Development of public awareness on the impact of E.coli
and proper disposal of their waste
to human health
Provision of change in attitude to use toilets (public or
personal)
Priority
Medium - High
High
Medium
Time Frame
2006 - 2010
1994 2019 (sewage, litters, POPs, heavy metal &
2006 - 2010
2007 - 2012
E.coli)
2005 2009 (sedimentation)
Cost
110,000 USD
0.5 million
Executing Agencies
MoE, Local authorities, and
Department of Environment,
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of
stakeholders
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Education and
Environment
Environment.
Training
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 9
Table 4.4
Objectives and Activities for Component 4: Capacity Building and Sustainability.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Objectives
Strengthening institutional
Funding to facilitate the municipal
capacity in marine water
wastewater management by local
quality management
government.
Activities
Sub-component 1: Human resource development
Reform existing provincial/
The provision of training and education for local
Development of human resources and
municipality working group
administrators to plan, build and run treatment
organizations
for the marine water quality
facilities
management
Sub-component 2: Immediate training activities
Sub-component 3: Law enforcement
Implementing and improving regulatory and
Strictly enforcing the laws
mandatory programs to control effluent
Prohibit discharge of wastewater to the
discharge using minimum guidelines and
areas that have low waste receiving
water quality criteria while considering the
capacity
characteristic of the receiving bodies of water;
Inspect the water quality discharged
from treatment facilities according to
the legal standards
Sub-component 4: Monitoring, Controlling and Surveillance
Controlling the importation of POPs waste in
Pollution control in
accordance with the Basel Convention
downstream areas of river
watersheds
Sub-component 5: Financial sustainability
Seeking diversification
funding for land-based
pollution programme
Sub-component 6: Infrastructure development
Building and maintain sewage facilities in line with Individual sewerage systems will be Restore all the central treatment facilities Development and
policies while incorporating local capacities
implemented in locations such as
Building waste water treatment facilities
implementation of the plan
Establishing appropriate port reception facilities
hilly and isolated areas where
for fishing piers and similar activities.
on collection and treatment
for litter from ships
connections to the centralized
of waste water in coastal
Establishing BAT reception facilities for the proper
system are costly or have an
urban areas
disposal of POPs waste
adverse impact on the
Strengthening the capacity in
Establishment of septic tanks in settlements
environment
collection and treatment of
located at the coastal areas
solid waste in big coastal
urban areas
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 10
Table 4.4 cont.
Objectives and Activities for Component 4: Capacity Building and Sustainability.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Sub-component 7: Institutional building and strengthening
Organize training courses for
Upgrading and establishment
in-service officers
of the pollution control
agencies (with marine
pollution control units) at
national and local levels
Sub-component 8: Network establishment and strengthening
Create network of al sectors & Improve
the collaboration between sectors
Priority
Medium - High
Time Frame
2006 - 2010
1994 2019 (sewage, litters, POPs, heavy metal
2007-2017
& E.coli)
2005 2009 (sedimentation)
Cost
75,000 USD
1,035 mil ions USD
Executing Agencies
MoE
Sewerage Services Dept.Ministry
MoNRE and local governenment
MoNRE, Ministry of
of Energy, Water and
Construction (MoC), other
Communication,
ministries and provincial
government
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Annex 4
Page 11
Table 4.5
Objectives and Activities for Component 5: Pollution Control and Management.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Objectives
Develop the implementing
Policy and laws to control land-based
Increase efficiency of law
Significant improvement of marine
measures for protection and
pollution
enforcement in association with
environment.
combating of land-based
water pollution management
pollution
Activities
Sub-component 1: Develop guidelines for sustainable management
Develop draft guideline for
Promoting primary and secondary treatment of
Create mechanisms for
Development of alternatives on
reduce non-point sources
discharge made into rivers, estuaries and marine
systematically monitoring the
hazardous waste management
of pollution.
waters
progresses
in three economic zones.
Promoting balanced fertilization in agriculture where
Prepare guideline for
losses of nutrients from the soil to the aquatic
sampling, transport and
environment is at an acceptable level
hand-over samples.
Establishing control and preventive measures on
coastal erosion and siltation due to
Develop criteria for
anthropogenic factors (land use, coastal mining,
evaluating the identified
construction technique and practices
land-based pollution
Development of measures to minimize and limit
hotspots.
generation of wastes leading to safe processing,
conditioning, transportation and disposal;
Sub-component 2: Strengthen management components
Develop contingency plan and
Improve municipal wastewater
Control of pol ution in rivers
working group (emergency
treatment efficiency
and coastal waters, caused
response team) for
Regulate the pol ution sources of
by economic activities
combating the marine
origins
(industry, agriculture,
pollution
transport, fisheries, mining
and tourism)
Sub-component 3: Establish/enhance habitat/environment system
Installing appropriate public garbage containers
Pollution treatment and water
in general public use areas;
quality recovery in downstream
Reducing and eliminating emission and
areas of Nhue-Day, Cam and
discharges in all source sectors;
Sai Gon-Dong Nai
Installing sewage treatment facilities to minimize
Pollution treatment and
nutrient loads to the marine and coastal
environment recovery in the
environments;
marine ports of Hai Phong and
Implementing programs and measures on heavy
Da Nang City
metals which respect the precautionary
Pollution treatment and coastal
approach principle and promote the use of the
environment recovery of
best available technology and best
Quang Ninh-Hai Phong, Da
environmental practices;
Nang-Dung Quat, Vung Tau-
Ganh Rai
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 4
Page 12
Table 4.5 cont.
Objectives and Activities for Component 5: Pollution Control and Management.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Sub-component 4: Community-based management
Training course for community
level , and public awareness
campaign will be organised
Sub-component 5: Sustainable use of coastal systems
Introducing watershed management practices to prevent, control or reduce
degradation to marine and coastal environments;
Improvement of Public Awareness on Environmental Management and
Development including the use Sustainable Principles in the protection of the
marine and coastal zone, through campaigns, educational and training courses;
Sub-component 6: Environmentally friendly technologies
Establishing sound land use technique and practices which reduce excessive
Promote cleaner production and
sediment run-off to water courses and estuaries leading to marine and coastal
environment friendly
environmental degradation
tecnologies
Sub-component 7: Types of management regimes, development of models
Introducing regulatory measures and economic instruments to reduce solid waste
Implementation of the action
Implementation of ICZM
generation
plan/pollution prevention and
in some important
Implementing cost-effective control over man-made inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus
river water quality enhancement
areas being tourism
into coastal waters where eutrophication threatens marine environment and
programmes
sites, focal economic
resources
centers and ecological
Implementing fiscal and economic incentives and measures which will encourage the
areas
reduction or elimination of the use of POPs;
Sub-component 8: Alternative livelihood
Sub-component 9: Establishment of management zones
Priority
Medium
High
Medium - High
Time Frame
2008 - 2009
1994 2019 (sewage, litters, POPs, heavy metal & E.coli)
2001 - 2010
2007 - 2017
2005 2009 (sedimentation)
Cost
20,000 USD
272 millions USD
Executing Agencies
MoE, MOPWT, MOH,
Department of Environment,
MoNRE, MoC,
MOWRAM, Local authorities,
Department of Drainage and
Ministry of Transport,
and stakeholders
Irrigation
Ministry of Finance,
Department of Sewerage
General Department
Services
of Tourism and
Local Authorities, State
provincial
Governments
Government
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 1
ANNEX 5
Draft Inputs to the SAP from the Land-based Pollution Component
PROBLEMS OF LAND-BASED POLLUTION AND PRIORITIES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Population distribution and growth along the coast, as wel as inland residential, industrial and
agricultural developments have greatly influenced pollution loads into aquatic environment of all
countries of the region. Many sources of Land-based pollution from the participating countries of
Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam are discharged directly
into the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. This reflects the growth in coastal populations due
to economic growth along the coastlines in these countries, which results from coastal tourism, fishing
and fish processing, mariculture and maritime trade and transport. Contaminants include domestic
sewage, solid wastes, industrial discharges, seabed exploration, and the discharge of operational and
ballast water from tankers. Indirect sources of contaminants include agriculture including intensive
animal production and urban and industrial centres inland that discharge contaminants to the
freshwater catchment systems. Run-off, and associated suspended sediment loads have increased
over the last century as a consequence of coastal reclamation and construction, deforestation, and poor
agricultural practices, including the expansion of agriculture in upland areas.
Land-based activities are major source of pol ution in the coastal waters of South China Sea. This major
source of land-based pollution may be categorized into two sources, firstly contaminants from point
source (i.e., ports, harbours, industrial complexes), and secondly contaminants from non-point source
(i.e., sewage, agricultural run-off, brackish-water aquaculture), (Figure 1). Between these two sources
of contaminants, suspended solids and excessive nutrients loads, though they do not pose immediate
threat to the marine living resources, are among the most commonly found in coastal waters of
countries bordering SCS. High concentration of suspended solids largely come from land-clearing
practices, logging activities and conversion of mangrove forests at upland area. On the other hand,
high nutrient loads is mainly because of untreated domestic wastes from most coastal cities or urban
areas that directly discharged into water bodies or rivers. Similarly, in rural areas, agricultural waste
from over-applied of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in farming practices enters the aquatic
environment through runoff and leaching processes. Both contaminants, high suspended solids and
excessive nutrient loads, will likely reduce ecological functioning of SCS ecosystem and decline
productivity of the system. Excessive of nutrient loads will frequently trigger eutrophication process that
lead to phytoplankton blooming. For example, the Pearl River estuary in PR of China, intensive
pollution has occurred from a mixture of sources resulting in high loads of inorganic pol utants including
nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as toxic substances. As a result, the loads of BOD, total nitrogen and
total phosphorus as wel as toxic substances into the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand have been
increasing.
Compare to suspended solids and nutrients, oils, heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants
(POPs) pose an immediate impact to both living resources and ecosystem degradation. Oils and
greases pollution from land-based sources contribute about 40-50% to the total oil pol ution in the
marine environment. The threat of oils pol ution to marine living resources is even greater when there
is no existent of laws or lack of law enforcement. For examples, in Cambodia and Viet Nam there is no
regulation to control ship wastes such waste engine oil is generally discharged directly into coastal
water bodies. Similarly, even though the regulation exist, in coastal waters of Western Kalimantan, oil
and grease, mercury, and phenols exceed the ASEAN Marine Water Quality Criteria due to possible
lack of controlling or monitoring.
Based on several studies conducted in coastal area bordering SCS (e.g., Thailand, Philippines, Viet Nam,
Malaysia and Indonesia), selected metal concentration such mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb),
tend to increase during the last. These heavy metals have potential negative impact on the health of
marine living resources and human who consume seafood products. Hence, solid and strategic actions
are need to curb the ever increasing metal contaminants in both biota and sediment.
Pol ution hot spots may be of two types in terms either of the sources such as concentrations of industry
or urban areas, or of impacts, which are general y found in inshore waters that are semi-enclosed or have
low flushing rates.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 2
Figure 1
Relationship between contaminants and their impact to SCS ecosystem health.
Point Source:
Non- Point Source:
- Industrial activities
-
Sewage
- Minings
-
Agriculture discharge
-
Brackish-waters farming
Heavy metals
Nutrients
POPs
Oils
Suspended solid
Sedimentation
Eutrophication
Ecosystem degradation
Living resources declining
(quantity and quality)
South China Sea Eco-system
- Human health
- Marine mammal health
Table 1 reflects the contents of the National Action Plans and indicates that for all the countries
bordering the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand organic wastes discharged from coastal
settlements is the most widespread issue. Governments have tried therefore to tackle the problems
resulting from point sources by constructing and restoring waste treatment facilities, and initiating
cleaner production at fish piers and for industry, as well as promulgating regulations and legislation to
control waste discharge.
THE MANAGEMENT STATUS OF LAND-BASED POLLUTION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Challenges for Land-based Pollution Management
National challenges
Based on information derived from the revised National Action Plans, the chal enges for Land-based
Pollution management at the national level is presented in Table 2.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 3
Table 1
Problems of Land-based Pollution of the South China Sea at the National and Regional Levels9.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Region
The major cause
Urban and industrial
Organic and inorganic
Generally, the increase of
Pollution in downstream
Contaminants
influencing marine
pollution have eliminated
discharges from big towns
anthropogenic activities
areas of river
POPs (transboudary significance)
water quality is liquid
the inshore demersal
Agricultural run-off is
due to the economic
watersheds
Heavy metals
wastes (sewage)
fishery and has degraded
significant as this area is
expansions in this region
The units seriously
Nutrient
then followed by
the coastal ecosystem
still largely agricultural
leads to a generation of
polluting the
Oil
agricultural waste,
based
large amount of wastes
environment in coastal
Suspended solid
oily waste, solid
Sewage
High concentrations of
such as wastewater, solid
provinces
waste (organic
Liter and Plastics
Escherichia coli were
wastes, organic matters
Coastal urban waste
Sources
matters), sediment
POPs
detected in most of the
etc., which affect marine
water
Sewage
matter, and solid
Nutirents and organics
coastal waters
environments, water
Coastal urban solid
Agricultural discharge
waste (non-organic
Sedimentation/siltation
Heavy metals level is
quality, sediment, and
waste
Shrimp farm
matters).
Heavy metals
relatively low, indicating a
marine organisms
Coastal economic zones
Hydrocarbons
lower level of
hazardous waste
Impacts
Radioactivity
industrialization compared
Pollution in marine ports
Eutrophication
Escherichia coli
to the West Coast of
Transboundary pollution
Living resource decline
Peninsular Malaysia.
needs to be controlled
Human health
Oil pollution
Ecosystem degradation by degraded water quality
Siltation/sedimentation
Marine mammal health (heavy metal)
Food quality for export
Table 2
Challenges for Land-based Pollution Management at the National and Regional Levels.
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Viet Nam
Region
Lack of cooperation
The lack of effective
Division of powers
- Lack of commitment
Information on the
Lack of cooperation and coordination among related sectors at the national level
with concerned
implementation and
to control land-
in terms of land get
state of pollution
Weak linkage between central and lower levels of the governments
institutions.
enforcement of the existing
based pollution at
from the
is inadequate
High population pressure and industrilisation causing increased contaminant
Lack of financing
rules and regulations.
central and lower
government and
Public awareness
load.
Lack of planning
Institutional arrangement
levels of
collaboration from
on the
Low public awareness and Lack of responsible commitment of citizens
Limited human
particularly to enhance
government.
the private sectors.
environmental
Lack of treatment facilities
resources and
cooperation mechanism in
To improve land
- Lack of vision to
pollution is very
Lack of appropriate legislations and Weak law enforcement
manpower as well as
controlling, implementing
use planning.
create integrated
low
Lack of government commitment in balancing economic growth and
technology
and monitoring the marine
To provide more
and sustainable
Financial economic
environmental protection
Limit on the public
pollution programs.
access to
management
shortage
Low priority for environment protection, public awareness and enhancement of
awareness program
Improper disposal of sewage
centralized
strategies since the Legal, institutional
advocacy
Data information
Effective controlling on
sewage
beginning.
and management
Lack of research and monitoring resources (human, facilities...)
related to LBP
herbicides and pesticides
treatment
poor
Lack of regional comparable monitoring and analytical methodology
unavailable
use
facilities. These
Lack of criteria standard for sediment quality
Laboratory equipment
in turn need to be
is limited
upgraded.
9 No revised National Action Plans received from China and Philippines for derivation of information to be included in both tables.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 4
Regional challenges
The following regional challenges were identified from the available National Action Plans and
discussions of the Regional Working Group:
High population pressure and industrialization causing increased contaminant load
Rapid increase in population generate domestic wastes which include solid and liquid wastes, while
industrialization also result in increasing volume of industrial wastes (wastewater, toxic and hazardous
wastes). These wastes which are either discharged directly, or discharged without prior treatment,
intensify the contaminant load in receiving bodies of water.
Lack of treatment facilities
Much of the domestic and industrial wastes are discharged directly into the receiving water bodies
due to absence or lack of treatment facilities. Consequently, the wastes accumulate and pollute the
receiving water bodies.
Lack of cooperation and coordination among related sectors at the national level and Weak linkage
between central and lower levels of the governments
Lack of cooperation and coordination among the different sectors (e.g., government, academe,
private agencies, industry) in the national level, and weak linkage between the central and local
government units make implementation of environmental regulations and programmes less effective,
and thus weaken the capability of countries in control ing land-based pollution.
Lack of appropriate legislations and Weak law enforcement
Land-based pol ution problems are not effectively controlled because appropriate legislations
are lacking. Compliance to environmental regulations/legislations requires strict implementation/
enforcement of the law and is reduced because law enforcement is weak.
Low public awareness and Lack of (responsible) commitment of citizens
Low public awareness on the importance of environmental protection and on the
programs/legislations being implemented to protect the environment, do not make the public realize
their role in environmental protection by complying to legislations, and in the importance of their
participation as stakeholders in controlling land-based pollution.
Lack of government commitment in balancing economic growth and environmental protection and
Low priority for environment protection (public awareness and enhancement of advocacy)
Low priority for environment protection due to lack of government commitment in balancing economic
growth and environmental protection result to lower budgetary al ocations for environmental
protection. This results to less effective implementation of programmes on environmental protection,
purchase of appropriate equipment for environmental research and monitoring, and thus weakens the
countries' capability to control pollution being intensified by economic growth.
Lack of research and monitoring resources (human, facilities...)
The countries' capability manage/control land-based pollution is reduced by lack of research and
resource monitoring resources.
Lack of regional comparable monitoring and analytical methodology
Accurate assessment of marine environmental quality of the region cannot be conducted with lack
of regional comparable monitoring and analytical methodology.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 5
Lack of criteria for sediment quality
More accurate assessment of the marine environment quality wil be done with the availability of the
sediment quality criteria, in addition to water quality criteria. Consequently, this wil result to formulation
of more appropriate intervention measures to control pol ution.
International Constraints
Sustainable Development Programmes in developing countries have been hampered by inadequate
Overseas Development Aid, which has continued to decline between over the last decade. For some
developing countries, this translates into fewer financial resources for sustainable development
Programmes. In addition the International Sustainable Development discourse has been somewhat
undermined by the recent international agenda for economic liberalization, particularly trade
liberalization.
Pollution Hotspots
The data on hotspot, according to ASEAN criteria (3rd Meeting of the Regional Working Group on
Land-Based Pollution), was also compiled and put in a GIS (Figure 2). Seventeen hotspots were
characterized using the scoring system agreed at the 2nd Meeting of the Regional Working Group.
Hotspots characterized this way were quite different from those cauterised in the Transboundary
Diagnostic Report (TDA) of the Project, which was based on BOD and nutrient generated per capita.
Management status of hot spots is presented in Table 3
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
#
Total Score
#
17 - 36
#
#
37 - 55
#
# 56 - 74
# 75 - 94
Shoreline.shp
#
Figure 2
Pollution hotspots characterization in the South China Sea based on a
combination of ASEAN/China scoring system agreed in the project.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 6
Table 3
Status of Management of Pollution Hot Spots10.
Name of
Existing Actions for Land-based
Effectiveness & Challenges in
Rank
Major Problems
Hotspots
Pollution Management
Management
1
Pearl River
Nutrient
Pearl River Delta Environment
The water quality, especial for the rivers
Heavy Metals in
Planning' (2004-2020).
that across the town or city, have been
Sediment
The total capacity of town sewage
improved obviously.
(Bio-Chemical) treatment plant had The pollutant load of the no-point source
Heavy Metals in
achieved about 6.42 million t/d in
is increasing; the increasing of industrial
Biological samples
the delta area (no including HK
& urban progress and population.
and Macau)
To decrease the pollution loads of heavy
Close the small electroplating factory. mental which were directly discharged
Enhance monitor and manage on the to environment and no treating.
electroplating factory by use online Land-use of the centralizing electroplating
monitor for waste water.
zone and environmental safety is difficulty
Layout centralizing zone for
electroplating factory
2
Sihanoukville Nutrient
Sub-decree on water Pollution
Lack of equipment, finance to the
Heavy Metals in sea
Control
enforcement, for the heavy metal from
water
Sub-decree on wastes management
industry we can also control on the
discharge as all the factory have to build
Heavy Metals in
the treatment facility before discharge.
Biological samples
3
Daya Bay
Heavy Metals in
Close the small electroplating factory. To stop the pollution loads of heavy mental
Biological samples
Enhance monitor and manage on the which were directly discharged to
Contaminant
electroplating factory by use online environment and no treating.
Movement
monitor for waste water.
Small electroplating factories were remove
Layout centralizing zone in another
out the basin, but Chemical factories went
Contaminant Load
basin for the electroplating
the area.
business.
The water quality in nearshore waters has
Layout and construct the centralizing
been improved for the moment, and the
waste water treatment plant in the
allowable discharge pollutant loads were
industrial zone, and pump the
increase and can be allocated to using.
waste water to deep sea by use a The extended pollutant loads will affected
pipeline (20 km from the coastline).
the marine life in certain degree, and the
environmental risk is increasing along
with the chemical zone's constructing
4
The Upper Gulf Nutrient
Initiate a management framework to Lack of commitment in terms of budget
of Thailand and Heavy Metals in
protect marine environments from
from the government and col aboration
East Coast
Biological samples
Land-based pollution.
from the private sectors.
Develop hazardous waste treatment
Contaminant
Lack of vision to create integrated and
facilities.
Movement
sustainable management strategies
Complete operation of the already
since the beginning
instal ed and repaired treatment
systems up to their full capacities.
Inspect the water quality discharged
from treatment facilities according
to the legal standards.
5
Quang Ninh
Heavy Metals
Waste auditing from sources
Finance for waste (liquid, solid and
Heavy Metals in
(factories, industrial zones)
harzadous) management and treatment
Sediment
Commitment to meet discharge
standard
Financial for technological renovation and
Heavy Metals & DDT Forbbidance of using DDT in
adoption of environmental friendlly and/or
in Biological samples
agriculture since 1992
low waste production technologies
Waste water treatment unit is on
operating
The hotspots are famous tourism sites,
Plan for building sanitary landfill
environmental protection need to be taken
to meet requirement of tourist sector.
10 Basic information based on Hot Spot ranking in the 3rd meeting of the RWG-LbP.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 7
Table 3 cont.
Status of Management of Pollution Hot Spots.
Name of
Existing Actions for Land-based Pollution
Effectiveness & Challenges in
Rank
Major Problems
Hotspots
Management
Management
6
Batam
Heavy Metals in
Enforce the Environmental Act to control the At present, waste water effluent standard and
sea water
industrial wastes discharge to marine water
clean production mechanism considered to
Heavy Metals in
Encourage the industries to apply the
be effective to reduce the concentration of
Sediment
precautionary approach principles in
heavy metals to marine environment.
managing the wastes (such as
To some extent, poor quality of EIA study
Heavy Metals in
implementation of EIA, meet the waste
and its implementation reflected to
Biological samples
water effluent standards)
ineffectiveness of conducting
Promote clean production programme
environmental management in the
industries.
Provision of integrated waste water
management for the small scale industries.
Enhance capability of EIA commission
members
Provision of trained and certified inspectors
for controlling pollution of different types
of industries.
Law enforcement
6
Manila Bay Heavy Metals
Enforcement of effluent standards (DAO
Medium level of compliance for point sources
in sea water
35/1990)
Proliferation of informal dwellers that do not
Heavy Metals
Mandatory wastewater treatment for point
have access to sanitation facilities
in Sediment
sources of pol ution (e.g., industries,etc.)
PD 984 and the Clean Water Act
Heavy Metals in
Mandatory installation and use of septic
Low level of desludging activities
Biological samples
tanks for household waste (Sanitation
Code of the Philippines)
Very limited septic treatment facilities
Desludging of septage (voluntary)
Treatment of septage
Lack of focus, lack of resources
Rehabilitation of receiving bodies of water,
e.g., Pasig River, other priority rivers
Low level of compliance by local government
outside of Metro Manila
units
Regular clean up of water bodies
Lack of resources and access to technology
Enforcement of the Ecological Solid Wsste
Management Act
- promote the practice of the hierarchy of
waste management especially through the
local government units: reduce, reuse,
recycle, recover
- closure of solid waste dumpsites and
conversion into controlled dumpsites and
eventually into sanitary landfill
8
Bei Hai
Heavy Metals in
Close the small electroplating factory.
To decrease the pollution loads of heavy
Sediment
mental which were directly discharged
Contaminant
The total capacity of town sewage (Chemical) to environment and no treating.
Movement
treatment plant had achieved about 200
Land-use of the centralizing electroplating
thousand t/d in BeiHai Urban area.
zone and environmental safety is difficulty.
Contaminant Load
The water pollution loads were reduced.
Biological treatment process has no been
added to the sewage treatment plant
8
West
Nutrient
Regulate and control the pesticides use for Lack of public awareness
Kalimantan Heavy Metals in
agricultural activities
Law enforcement
sea water
Enforce the Environmental Act to control the
industrial wastes discharge to marine water Lack of trained and certified inspectors
Encourage the industries to apply the
for controlling pollution of different types
precautionary approach principles in
of industries.
managing the wastes (such as
implementation of EIA, meet the waste
water effluent standards)
Promote clean production program
10
Da Nang
Heavy Metals in
Waste auditing from sources (factories,
Low - medium effectiveness
sea water
industrial zones)
Contaminant Load Commitment to meet discharge standard
Finance for waste (liquid, solid and
Forbiddance of using DDT in agriculture
hazardous) management and treatment
Contaminant
since 1992
Financial for technological renovation and
Movement
There is a plan for building waste water
adoption of environmental friendlly and/or
treatment
low waste production technologies
Plan for building sanitary landfill
The hotspots are famous tourism sites,
environmental protection need to be taken
to meet requirement of tourist sector.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 8
Table 3 cont.
Status of Management of Pollution Hot Spots.
Name of
Existing Actions for Land-based
Rank
Major Problems
Effectiveness & Challenges in Management
Hotspots
Pollution Management
10
Koh Kong
Nutrient
Sub-decree on water Pollution Control Lack of equipment, finance to the enforcement,
Heavy Metals in
Sub-decree on wastes management
for the heavy metal from industry we can
sea water
also control on the discharge as al the
factory have to build the treatment facility
Heavy Metals in
before discharge.
Biological samples
12
DKI Jakarta
Nutrient
Controlling effluent from industrial sites At present, waste water effluent standard and
Heavy Metals in
Regulate and control the pesticides use
clean production mechanism considered to be
sea water
for agricultural activities
effective to reduce the concentration of heavy
Enforce the Environmental Act to control metals to marine environment.
Contaminant Load
the industrial wastes discharge to
To some extent, poor quality of EIA study and its
marine water
implementation reflected to ineffectiveness of
Encourage the industries to apply the
conducting environmental management in the
precautionary approach principles in
industries.
managing the wastes (such as
Uncontrolled population growth
implementation of EIA, meet the
Urbanization and industrialization
waste water effluent standards)
Promote clean production program
13
Vung Tau
Nutrient
Waste auditing from sources (factories, Low - medium effectiveness
Heavy Metals in
industrial zones)
sea water
Commitment to meet discharge
Finance for waste (liquid, solid and hazardous)
standard
management and treatment
Heavy Metals in
Forbiddance of using DDT in
Financial for technological renovation and
Sediment
agriculture since 1992
adoption of environmental friendly and/or
Hazardous treatment unit is on
low waste production technologies
operating
The hotspots are famous tourism sites,
There is a plan for building waste water
environmental protection need to be taken
treatment
to meet requirement of tourist sector.
Plan for building sanitary landfill
13
Kampot
Heavy Metals in
Sub-decree on water Pollution Control Lack of equipment, finance to the enforcement,
sea water
Sub-decree on wastes management
for the heavy metal from industry we can also
Heavy Metals in
control on the discharge as all the factory
Sediment
have to build the treatment facility before
discharge.
Heavy Metals in
Biological samples
15
Lingayen
Heavy metals in
Control in the number of aquaculture
Guidelines in the establishment of fish cages
sea water
structures in the Gulf
in lakes and coastal waters
Contaminant
Environmental criteria in polyculture systems
Movement
to mitigate waste and increase fish production
Programmatic compliance policy on the
Environmental Impact Statement System
Review of the Code of conduct for aquaculture
16
Songkhla Contaminant
Load
Promoting environment friendly practice. Lack of commitment in terms of budget from
Contaminant
Building domestic wastewater treatment the government.
Movement
facilities.
Limit of the public awareness.
Educate and encourage general public
to understand and participate in the
environmental protection.
17
Batangas Contaminant
Load
Enforcement of effluent standards
Low level of compliance
Contaminant
Preparation of the oil spill contingency
Movement
plan
Lack of resources to fully implement the law
Enforcement of the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act
Pollution Monitoring Sites
For regional GIS database, countries agreed at the GIS Workshop in 2002 to submit data on monitoring
stations, such as locations, names, and parameters list. China, Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam had
provided such data for a total of 44 stations (Figure 2). Details of monitoring activities and interpretation to
pol ution management in the countries bordering the South China Sea are presented in Table 4.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 9
Table 4
Status of Monitoring Activities in the Participating Countries.
Country /
Number of monitoring
Frequency
Means and levels of Interpretation to
Monitoring category
station
management
Cambodia
Water quality
8
Publication and distribution to concern
institutions
Sediment 3
Bio - parameters
3
China
Water quality
102
4 Programmes /Year,
4 time/Programme
Sediment >9 1
time
/Year,
(may be once in the period of
5 year with about 50-100
monitoring stations)
Bio - parameters No routine or regulating May be once in about 5 year
monitoring programme
depending on the special
project
Indonesia
Water quality
100
1-2 times annually
Not yet reliable for decision making
Sediment
Bio - parameters
Malaysia
Water quality
128
4 times annually
Annual report for government and public
Sediment
Bio-parameters
Philippines
Water quality
Manila Bay: 9
Monthly
Comparison with water quality criteria;
Lingayen Gulf & Batangas
Determination of the risk quotient
Bay: NDA
Sediment
Manila Bay: 15
Quarterly
Comparison with standards in other
Lingayen Gulf &
jurisdictions (since the Philippines does
Batangas Bay: NDA
not have sediment quality standards);
Determination of the risk quotient
Bio - parameters
Manila Bay
Twice per year
(oyster and mussel): 3
Lingayen Gulf & Batangas
Bay: NDA
Thailand
Water quality
240 (Gulf of
Twice per year (dry and wet
Comparison with water quality criteria of
Thailand and Andaman
seasons)
Thailand
Sea
Sediment
75 (Gulf of
Once per year (dry season)
Comparison with standards of various
Thailand and Andaman
countries (Sediment quality criteria of
Sea
Thailand is under processing)
Bio - parameters
15 (fish + shellfish)
Comparison with standards of Ministry
of Public Health of Thailand
Viet Nam
Water quality
22
4 times/year
Yearly Report of Environment Status for
Sediment 22
4
times/year
public, for environment management
Bio - parameters
22
4 times/year
and National Assembly
GOAL
In the fifth meeting of the Regional Working Group on Coral Reefs, there was a discussion of the goal
of the SAP, which was amended in paragraph 7.2.10:
"The goal of the Strategic Action Programme is to foster regional cooperation
and collaboration in order to halt or slow the current rate of environmental
degradation and assist participating states in taking actions within their
respective policies, priorities and resources, thereby contributing to human
well-being; promotion of the sustainable use of marine living resources; and
contributing to the maintenance of globally significant biological diversity, for
the benefit of present and future generations."
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 10
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Po llutio n M onitoring Statio n
Sh oreline.shp
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Figure 2
Pollution monitoring stations in the South China Sea.
TARGETS
The specific targets for Land-based Pol ution management developed by the RWG-LbP are:
1.
By the year 2017, to meet sea water quality (14 parameters) standards following ASEAN criteria
(except pol utants from scientifically identified natural sources, if any) for:
- 90% of monitoring stations in the 17 hot spots characterised by the RWG-LbP between 2002
2004;
- 80% of other monitoring stations (more than 400 at present time)* in coastal waters of the
South China Sea.
2.
By the year 2012, estimate total contaminant loading to the South China Sea.
3.
By the year 2012, agree and adopt regional criteria for contaminants in sediment and biota.
4.
By the year 2012, characterise and prioritise al hot spots surrounding the South China Sea.
5.
By the year 2012, review and amend national legislation in support of al targets.
OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS
The proposed regional activities to promote sustainable management of Land-based Pol ution are
categorised into five main components; namely:
Component 1 Research and Monitoring:
Component 2 National Policy, Legislation, Legal and Institutional Arrangements and Coordination
Component 3 Public awareness, Communication and Education:
Component 4 Capacity Building and Sustainability:
Component 5 Pollution Control and Management
Each component contains specific objectives and activities. Detailed actions are presented in Table 5.
COST OF ACTIONS
(No cost estimation done during the seventh meeting of the Regional Working group on Land-based
Pollution)
*
Numbers of monitoring stations of the participating countries: China, 115; Cambodia, 8; Indonesia, ca. 100; Malaysia, 128;
Philippines, 18; Thailand, 100+; Viet Nam, 21 (72 if plans are implemented by 2010).
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 11
Table 5
Proposed Regional Actions for inclusion in the Strategic Action Programme.
Component/
Regional Activities
Sub-components
1. Research and Monitoring
Objectives: Develop common methodology that will generate comparable data between participating
countries
1.1 Assessment
Development of basin scale model of carrying capacity of the South China Sea related
to heavy metal
Development of guidelines or criteria of sediment and biological quality for the region
Selection of set of water quality parameters used efficiently for management
Estimation of total contaminant loading to the South China Sea basin using quantitative
model ing and GIS
Research to reduce effectively pollution from point and non-point source
1.2 Monitoring
Development and harmonisation of comparable monitoring and analytical methodology
1.3 Mapping
1.4 Socio-economic and
Identification of driving forces (population pressure, industrilisation) from human activities
Cultural Assessment
Identification of human behaviours regarding waste discharge from coastal villages, aquaculture,
fishing boats to the sea
1.5 Database Management
Maintenance of meta-database and GIS database developed by the SCS Project
1.6 Information System
Development of information sharing and data exchange
Maintenance of website of the SCS project
1.7 Decision Support System
1.8 Environmental Impact
Assessment
2. National Policy, Legislation, Legal and Institutional Arrangements and Coordination
Objective: To maintain and improve regional collaboration and coordination to ensure successful
implementation of the Regional Strategic Action Programme
2.1 Integration of Research
Enhancement of regional network to interpret scientific knowledge for pollution management
Programme with
in the South China Sea
Management and Policy
Making
2.2 Monitoring the SAP and
Periodical (each five year) evaluation of SAP and NAPs implementation to be conducted
NAPs
by independent experts
2.3 Review and Improve
Development of roster of experts that can review and improve legislation as required
Existing Laws and
Policies
Development and application of marine sediment and biota quality guideline/criteria,
2.4 Common understanding
of national and regional
policies
2.5 Stakeholder Analysis and
Involvement
2.6 Community
Seminar and/or workshop for sharing and dissemination of experiences and lessons learned
Empowerment
regarding Community participation/empowerment in managing Land-based Pollution
Review, synthesis and dissemination of community based practices in management of wastes
from aquaculture and settlement
2.7 Strengthening Traditional
Value and Management
System
2.8 Establish an Incentive
Creation of award programme for local governments for best practices in pollution management
System for Good
every two years
Governance
2.9 Linkage to International
Obligations
2.10 International and
Maintenance of coordinating framework developed by the SCS Project to ensure SAP
Regional Co-operation
implementation
Organisation of a forum for cooperation between and among national and international
agencies/institutions such as GPA LBA, IMO, IOC, ASEAN, COBSEA
Development of mechanism for bilateral management of Land-based Pollution in transboundary
waters
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 5
Page 12
Table 5 cont. Proposed Regional Actions for inclusion in the Strategic Action Programme.
Component/
Regional Activities
Sub-components
3. Public Awareness, Communication and Education
Objective: To raise public awareness on the impacts of land-based pollution
3.1 Development,
Conduct regional training programme on Land-based Pollution for journalists and broadcasters
Improvement, and
Development of public awareness materials
Dissemination of
Awareness Materials
3.2 Community involvement
Identification of non-government organisations to encourage community participation on marine
in Public Awareness
pol ution awareness
Establishment of networking among the stakeholders
4. Capacity Building and Sustainability
Objective: To enhance and upgrade the skills and capacity of human resources, institutional capability
and financial sustainability in implementing the Strategic Action Programme.
4.1 Human Resource
Development
4.2 Immediate Training
Training courses related to sediment and biota (methodology standardization, carrying capacity
Activities
and risk assessment) for the technician level). The duration of each training will take about
3-7 days. Regional experts or consultant will conduct the training. (First priority is for
methodology standardization)
Training course on modelling and GIS for land-based pollution study
The duration of each training will take about 3-7 days. Regional experts or consultant will
conduct the training.
Training courses and workshops of land-based pollution control management (for managers).
The duration of training will take about 2-3 days. Regional experts or consultant will
conduct the training.
4.3 Law Enforcement
Seminar/workshop for sharing experiences in law enforcement related to land-based pollution
control.
4.4 Monitoring, Control ing
Training related to standardization of procedures for monitoring, control and operation of
and Surveil ance
sampling instruments.
The duration of training will take about two weeks. Regional experts or consultant will conduct
the training.
4.5 Financial Sustainability
Establishment of Regional Land-based Pollution Funding mechanism
4.6 Infrastructure
Development
4.7 Institutional Building and
Establishment of institutional network for exchange of information and technical support.
Strengthening
Development and implementation of environmental laboratory recognition scheme
5. Pollution Control and Management
Objective: To achieve a healthy marine environment based on regional marine environment quality criteria
5.1 Develop Guidelines for
Establishment of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for pollution control and management
Sustainable Management
by regional experts and/or consultants
Review and synthesis of EIA practices from the countries bordering the South China Sea by
regional experts and/or consultants
5.2 Strengthen Management
Establishment of regional network of decision support systems
Component
5.3 Enhance environment
Conduct of regional workshops to share experiences, technologies in establishment of
quality
integrated waste treatment facilities
5.4 Community-based
Development of pilot projects in application of 3R program (reduce, recycle and reuse)
Management
Transfer knowledge on simple waste treatment techniques (man-made wetlands and communal
septic tanks) for small scale management of pollution.
5.5 Sustainable Use of
Development of guideline for spatial planning of coastal land-use and marine zoning
Coastal Systems
5.6 Environmentally Friendly
Conduct workshop/conferences to review and to transfer technologies for cost-effective waste
Technologies
management, clean production and non-gasoline energy appropriate for use in the region
5.7 Types of Management
Conduct workshops for exchange and adoption (if possible) of existing successful management
Regimes, Development
models developed by the countries bordering the South China Sea
of Models
5.8 Alternative Livelihood
5.9 Establishment of
Implementation of joint actions in reducing land-based pollution in transboudary waters
Transboundary
Management Zones
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 6
Page 1
ANNEX 6
Work Plan and Timetable for the Regional Working Group on Land-based Pollution, 2006 - 2007
Table 1
Work Plan for the Land-based Pollution Component to December 31st 2007 as agreed in the sixth meeting of the RWG-LbP11.
Year
2005
2006
2007
Quarter
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Month
July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
J - M
A - J
J - S
O - D
J-M
A-J
J-S O-D
National Activities
National Committee meetings
National Technical Working Group
RWG-LbP meetings
X
X
Provide data to RWG-LbP and RSTC
Submit final version of National Reports for publication by UNEP12
Thai,
Chi-31
Ind
Aug
Publication national reports in local language
Chi, Mal,
Vie
Tha
Cam
Ind-Sept
Update and Maintain National Meta-database
X
X
X
X
Provide and/or Update Meta-database online
10 Sept
Provide and Update data in GIS format to regional Database
X
30 Sept
X
Implementation of Pilot Activities
Further Elaboration of the SAP
Provide guidance to IMC on the pollution component input to SAP
With stakeholders, review/revise plan to implement the Strategic Action Plan
Dependent on SAP development
Development and Finalisation of NAPs
X
X
Cam
Revised draft of NAPs
Tha
Ind
Mal
Vie
Final draft of NAPs of Cam, Ind, Mal, Tha & Vie
X
Revised NAP from China
15 Sept
First draft of NAP from the Philippines
Public Meeting for dissemination of NAPs
Final draft of the Regional Overview of LbP
X
X
X
X
30 Oct
Provide inputs from focal points to Dr. Anond
30 Sept
Modelling Carrying Capacity of South China Sea from Land-based Pollution
X
X
Implementation of pilot activities
Participation in the training programme
11 Acronyms used in this table: Cam-Cambodia, Chi-China, Ind-Indonesia, Mal-Malaysia, Phi-Philippines, Tha-Thailand, Vie-Viet Nam.
12 Philippines will inform the PCU timeframe for submission and publication of national report, and draft of national action plan fol owing consultation with national working group.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.7/3
Annex 6
Page 2
Table 2
Schedule of Meetings for 2007. (RWG = Regional Working Group; -M = Mangroves; -CR = Coral reefs; -SG = Seagrass; -W = Wetlands; -F= Fisheries;
LbP = Land-based Pollution; RTF-E = Regional Task Force on Economic Valuation; RTF-L = Regional Task Force on Legal Matters; RSTC = Regional Scientific and Technical
Committee; RSTC-SC = RSTC Sub-Committee; PSC = Project Steering Committee; (H = United Nations Holidays).
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
M
January
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
H
RTF-E-6
February
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Chinese NY
March
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
April
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
H
H
RWG-M-8
Joint Mtg.
PKWS-Trat
May
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
RWG-W-8
RTF-L-6
RWG-SG-8
June
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
RWG-CR-8
July
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
August
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
RWG-LbP-8
H
September
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Ramadan
October
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Ramadan
November
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
December
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
H
H