United Nations
UNEP/GEF South China Sea
Global Environment
Environment Programme
Project
Facility
Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends
in the
South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand
REPORT
Second Meeting of the Regional Working Group for
the Seagrass Sub-component
Hue, Vietnam, 28 31 October 2002
__________________________________________________________________________________
UNEP/GEF
Bangkok, October 2002
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Table of Contents
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING ............................................................................................ 1
1.1
WELCOME ADDRESS............................................................................................................. 1
1.2
INTRODUCTION OF NEW MEMBERS .......................................................................................... 1
2.
ORGANISATION OF THE MEETING ................................................................................. 1
2.1
DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE MEETING ................................................................................ 1
2.2
DESIGNATION OF OFFICERS ................................................................................................... 1
2.3
ORGANISATION OF WORK ...................................................................................................... 2
3.
ADOPTION OF THE MEETING AGENDA .......................................................................... 2
4.
REPORT OF THE SECRET ARIAT CONCERNING THE MID-YEAR REVIEWS AND
REPORTS FROM PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES .............................................................. 2
5.
REPORTS FROM THE FOCAL POINTS ON INTER-SESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AT
THE NATIONAL LEVEL .................................................................................................... 2
5.1
REVIEW NATIONAL REPORTS ................................................................................................. 2
5.2
REVIEW OF PAST AND ON-GOING ACTIVITIES ............................................................................. 3
5.3
CREATION OF NATIONAL META-DATABASE ................................................................................ 3
6.
DISCUSSION AND REPORTS ON ON-GOING ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE
CHARACTERISATION OF NATIONAL SEAGRASS SITES AND THEIR REGIONAL
PRIORITISATION.............................................................................................................. 4
6.1
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF "SITES ".................................................................. 4
6.2
REVIEW OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION........................................................................................ 4
7.
DISCUSSION ON AGREED ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN WITHIN THE NEXT
INTERSESSIONAL PERIOD.............................................................................................. 5
7.1
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CRITERIA ................................................................................... 5
7.2
REPORT ON THREATS AT SITE LEVEL ....................................................................................... 6
7.3
BEST PRACTISE GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE SEAGRASS MANAGEMENT ................................... 7
7.4
ECONOMIC VALUATION PARAMETERS....................................................................................... 8
8.
PRESENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE OUTCOME OF THE GIS WORKSHOP JOINTLY
CONVENED BY THE PROJECT CO-ORDINATING UNIT AND SOUTHEAST ASIA START1
REGIONAL CENTRE IN AUGUST 2002 (UNEP/GEF/SCS/EW.1/3)..................................... 8
8.1
OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP............................................................................................. 8
8.2
SITE CHARACTERISATION QUESTIONNAIRES DEVELOPED BY THE SEA START RC AND
WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS..................................................................................................... 9
9.
REVISION OF THE WORKPLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON SEAGRASS ................................................................................................... 9
10.
DATES AND LOCATION OF THE THIRD AND FOURTH MEETINGS OF
THE REGIONAL WORKING GROUP ON SEAGRASS ....................................................... 9
11.
ANY OTHER BUSINESS ................................................................................................... 9
12.
ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING .............................................................. 9
13.
CLOSURE OF THE MEETING ......................................................................................... 10
ii
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
List of Annexes
Annex 1
List of Participants
Annex 2
List of Documents
Annex 3
Agenda
Annex 4
List of Members of the National Committee on Seagrass
Annex 5
Summary of Past and On-going Activities
Annex 6
An Overview of the Past and On-going Projects in Participating Countries:
Questionnaire and Results
Annex 7
Compilation of Seagrass Sites Identified and Characterised in the Participating
Countries
Annex 8
Chronology of National and Local Legislation Relevant to the Concerns of the
Seagrass Habitat - An Example from the Philippines
Annex 9
Format for the Tabulation of National Legislation in Participating Countries
Annex 10
Suggested Guide for the Selection of the Nature of Regional Seagrass
Demonstration Sites (RSDS)
Annex 11
Summary of Threats in Seagrass Sites in Participating Countries
Annex 12
Revised Workplan and Timetable of Agreed National and Regional Activities in
the Seagrass Sub-component: 2002-2003
Annex 13
Schedule of Meetings for 2003
iii
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Page 1
Report of the Meeting
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING
1.1
Welcome address
1.1.1 Dr. Hugh Kirkman, the Project Coordinating Unit Member of the Regional Working Group for
Seagrass (RWG-SG), on behalf of Dr. Klaus Töpfer, the Executive Director of UNEP, Dr. Ahmed
Djoghlaf, the Director, Division of GEF Co-ordination (UNEP/DGEF), and Dr. John Pernetta, Project
Director of the South China Sea Project, thanked the participants for coming to Hue and welcomed
them to this important meeting. He alerted the participants to the amount of work involved under each
agenda item with only three days to do it in. He expressed the hope that they had come prepared, with
all the reviews and reports required to achieve the objectives. Although he realised that the
requirements for the seagrass sub-component were quite large and needed commitment and work to
accomplish them, he expressed disappointment at the response and returns that have come to the
Project Coordinating Unit. He reminded the focal points that they are committed by the terms of the
Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) for the seagrass sub-component to spend 25% of their time on
this project.
1.1.2 He expressed the desire that by the end of the meeting there would be some feasible and
timely commitments to achieving the objectives so that the seagrass sub-component can keep up with
the other components and sub-components and make wise and useful suggestions to the Regional
Scientific and Technical Committee. He asked that they try to remember that this project is only as good
as their input. It is designed to help the participating countries and had been designed by experts and
representatives of their countries. The Project Coordinating Unit facilitates project management, but the
Regional Working Groups are central to the success activities carried out within the project.
1.1.3 Dr. Kirkman referred to the many documents they had to review and asked participants to make
summaries of any reports that they handed in at the meeting for inclusion as Annexes to the meeting
report. He noted that preparing such inputs to the report would help the rapporteur prepare a correct
report of the meeting and would lessen the time taken in adopting the report of the meeting. He said
that each member of the RWG-SG must fully understand and agree with the outcome of each agenda
item.
1.2
Introduction of new members
1.2.1 Dr. Malikusworo Hutomo the newly appointed Regional Expert member of the RWG-SG
introduced himself and was welcomed by the meeting. A list of participants is contained in Annex 1 of
this report.
2.
ORGANISATION OF THE MEETING
2.1
Documents available to the meeting
2.1.1 Dr. Cabanban briefed participants on the documents available to the meeting,
(UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/INF.1) which included discussion documents, one of which was not
available as a hard copy, (Short et al., 2001). This would be projected for participants at the appropriate
time. In addition, copies of the reports of the first meetings of each of the Regional Working Groups, the
Project Steering Committee and the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee were made available
to participants for information. The list of documents available to the meeting is attached as Annex 2 to
this report.
2.2
Designation of officers
2.2.1 In accordance with the rules of procedure for the Project Steering Committee adopted by the
RWG during their first meeting, the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and Rapporteur shall hold office for
one year, such that, Professor Xiaoping Huang, Dr. Suvaluck Satumanatpan and Dr. Hugh Kirkman
remained as Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and Rapporteur respectively for the second meeting of the
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
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Regional Working Group on Seagrass. In the absence of Professor Xiaoping Huang on the first day,
and in accordance with the rules of procedure, Dr. Suvaluck acted as Chairperson.
2.3
Organisation of work
2.3.1 It was noted that the meeting would be conducted in English and would work in plenary
although it may be necessary to form small working groups for consideration of the detail of some
agenda items, as had been done by the previous working group. The secretariat briefed the participants
on the administrative arrangements for the conduct of the meeting, and the proposed programme of
work (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/INF.3) was outlined. It was agreed that the meeting would follow this
proposed programme, but that sessions would be extended at the discretion of the Chairperson and
members.
3.
ADOPTION OF THE MEETING AGENDA
3.1
Dr. Suvaluck, the acting Chairperson, introduced the provisional agenda, prepared by the
Secretariat as document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/1, and invited participants to propose any
amendments or additional items for consideration. The agenda was adopted without change by the
meeting, and is attached as Annex 3 to this report.
4.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT CONCERNING THE MID-YEAR REVIEWS AND
REPORTS FROM PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
4.1
The Secretariat presented document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/4 containing a summary of
the findings of the Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) following receipt of the six monthly progress reports,
expenditure statements and cash advance requests from the Specialised Executing Agencies. The six
monthly progress reports from the Focal Points of Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines and
Thailand are available as document UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/5).
4.2
Members considered the issues and problems raised in this report. It was pointed out that a
summary of local language national reports should be provided to the PCU in English. In response to a
question on costs of publications, if they were produced in the first six months, a budget revision must
be made as there is no allocation for publication in the first half of the year. Dr. Cabanban explained that
in the next reporting period, not only expenditure and activity reports were expected. Funds would only
be released after reports and reviews, agreed upon at this meeting, were submitted. The participants
expressed their appreciation at being able to amend the workplan during Agenda item 9.
4.3
A question was raised that the workplan had changed the conditions of the MoU. Dr. Kirkman
explained that if the changes in the MoU did not affect its intent, there would be no problem in carrying
out the new activities.
4.4. Dr. Cabanban met with individual members to discuss specific requirements needed in the mid-
year reports.
5.
REPORTS FROM THE FOCAL POINTS ON INTER-SESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AT THE
NATIONAL LEVEL
5.1
Review National reports
5.1.1 Annex 9 of the first meeting report (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.1/3) indicates that the following
outputs were to be prepared by the Focal Points in advance of this meeting:
Review of past & on-going projects:
1st draft June; final draft September 2002
Identification & characterisation of "sites"
1st draft September, 2nd draft December
Review National legislation
1st draft September, Final draft December
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5.1.2 Documentation was received by the Secretariat only from the Focal Point for Cambodia in
advance of the meeting and this had been duplicated and distributed to all members as
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/7.Cam.
5.1.3 Members were invited to make separate presentations under each of the sub-items of this
agenda item, corresponding to the outputs agreed during the first Regional Working Group meeting.
The Focal Points provided a report of the work of the National Committees with respect to activities
conducted during the inter-sessional period in accordance with the agreed workplan and timetable. The
revised lists of members of the National Seagrass Committees are contained in Annex 4 of this
document.
5.1.4 Mr. Kim Sour focal point for seagrass from Cambodia informed the meeting that he would prefer
to refer to the committee as a national working group in his country but agreed that it could remain
designated as a committee for the project purposes. There are 16 members of the Working Group in
Cambodia. The expertise is varied, including marine biology and ecology, community-based resources
management, national park management, fishery management, and coral reef experts.
5.1.5 Mr. Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim, focal point for seagrass from Malaysia, said that due to the late
start of his country in the project, little had been achieved but he assured the meeting that the
Malaysian Seagrass Committee would soon be in operation and carrying out its obligations.
5.1.6 Dr. Suvaluck Satumanatpan, focal point for seagrass from Thailand, explained that her
committee might need revision due to the rearrangement of government departments under the new
ministry. She asked if committee membership could be changed. It was explained there was a
suggested committee composition based on fields of interest in the Terms of Reference but that
committee membership is up to the national SEA, subject to the approval of the National Focal Point for
the project.
5.2
Review of past and on-going activities
5.2.1 The National Focal Points for Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam
presented their draft national reviews of past and on-going projects. The meeting discussed these brief
reports and paid attention to possible overlap or transboundary activities of relevance to the "sites" to be
chosen in this Project.
5.2.2 To obtain a consistent report and details on the past on-going activities, it was decided that the
headings for a table should be formalized and each project should be categorized under key words
developed by the meeting. Summaries of the presentations are attached as Annex 5 to this report in the
agreed format.
5.2.3 A survey was conducted to assess projects on seagrasss beds in the participating countries
using a questionnaire developed by the regional Working Group on Coral Reefs (Annex 6). The results
of the survey showed that there were projects for the biodiversity assessment, socio-economic
assessment, and management, protection, and conservation of seagrass habitats. These have been
useful to increase public awareness, introduction of new legislation, and community involvement in
seagrass management, among others but more work is needed in the distribution of seagrass to help
address management issues.
5.3
Creation of national meta-database
5.3.1
Dr. Kirkman gave a lengthy explanation on the uses of metadata and assisted the participants in
understanding the questionnaire for metadata entry. He used a real example to illustrate the use of the
format. Only two countries had attempted to prepare metadata; none of the Focal Points presented
metadata but much discussion followed and all participants agreed that they now understood metadata
and would complete the metadata entry form for all data they knew of. They agreed that the metadata file
identifier follow a common system, i.e., the first three letters of the country, the code for the habitat, and
the number of the file (for example, THA-SG-00001).
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5.3.2
The meeting requested that slight modifications and corrections to the metadata entry format be
made by SEA-START RC and requested that the comments for each field should have a corresponding
number. They also requested a copy of the worked format for guidance.
6.
DISCUSSION AND REPORTS ON ON-GOING ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE
CHARACTERISATION OF NATIONAL SEAGRASS SITES AND THEIR REGIONAL
PRIORITISATION
6.1
Identification and characterisation of "sites"
6.1.1 Dr. Kirkman explained that the countries would not, in fact, be asked to prioritise their seagrass
bed sites at this stage but they would use the characterisation parameters developed in the first RWG-
SG to list them.
6.1.2 The National Focal Points of Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam
reported on the seagrass areas of regional and transboundary significance for discussion and later
prioritisation by the Regional Working Group (Annex 7). The representative from Cambodia was
congratulated by the meeting on the very rapid accumulation of seagrass information and identification
of species and sites in the past four years.
6.1.3 The participant from Malaysia agreed to begin getting this data together. He showed pictures of
seagrass from some sites in the Straits of Johor. He said that there was also seagrass around Tioman
Island and Setil lagoon. He also mentioned the status of green turtle research in Malaysia and that
tracked specimens may have migrated to large seagrass areas in Malaysia as yet undescribed in the
Sulu Sea. Dr. Cabanban also added information on the presence of seagrass beds in the Tunku Abdul
Rahman Park, off Kota Kinabalu and in North Borneo Islands (off Kudat District).
6.1.4 Dr. Suvaluck reported on large seagrass beds in the Gulf of Thailand and mentioned she has
data for dugong deaths from the Phuket Marine Biological Center and from local people. Seahorses and
holothurians were mentioned that would be found in the seagrass, even without a scientific study.
Physical and chemical data show seagrasses are in good state. Red tides are known from one site but
this would be compiled later.
6.2
Review of National Legislation
6.2.1 National Focal Points reviewed their National legislation. A brief summary of their presentations
is provided in the following paragraphs.
6.2.2 The representative of Cambodia noted that, there was no specific national seagrass policy for
Cambodia but there was much useful legislation, including Fishery Law to manage coastal living
resources in Cambodia. The Fisheries Law is the only one that mentions seagrass. Many international
conventions that concern marine issues have been signed and ratified by Cambodia.
6.2.3 Professor Huang reviewed environmental protection laws in China. There is no law specific to
seagrass in China but the Convention on Biological Diversity and Marine Environment Protection Law
are treated seriously. There are a number of laws that would protect seagrass in China.
6.2.4 Mr. Kuriandewa listed a large number of laws pertaining to seagrass but there was none that
specifically mentioned seagrass. International conventions were signed and ratified by Indonesia. He
told the meeting that most of the legislation was top down and not community-based.
6.2.5 The participant from Malaysia described legislation in his country including fisheries, marine
parks, environmental protection and ship-based pollution. He emphasized there was a need for specific
legislation on seagrass.
6.2.6 Dr. Fortes mentioned that a lawyer in the National Seagrass Committee would further review
the legislation that pertains to seagrass conservation in the Philippines. The many laws and regulations
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Page 5
were categorized into levels of implementation. In the initial review, only one regulation was developed
for the specific purpose of protecting seagrass beds. Details of his report are in Annex 8 of the report.
6.2.7 Dr. Suvaluck divided her report into three, first a national plan and second laws, and other
legislation. Her third section was international legislation for marine protection. There is no legislation
specifically for seagrass but seagrass may be declared as a protected area in Thailand.
6.2.8 Dr. Tien from Vietnam explained that there was no policy or legislation on seagrass. However,
there was general policy on marine habitats including the biodiversity plan on conservation,
conservation of marine habitats under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Ministry
of Fisheries.
6.2.9 The meeting suggested the format be prepared in the form of a table to assemble information
on national legislation pertaining to the management, use and conservation of seagrass ecosystems
(Annex 9). Dr. Fortes suggested that lawyers be commissioned to review each nation's summary of
legislation and policies in more detail. Each country could carry this out after the table was completed.
He suggested that the review should focus more on legislation pertaining to seagrass, rather than
general legislation concerning conservation or management of coastal ecosystems and resources.
Examples of specific legislation are the Municipal Executive Order BantayIsay (Seagrass Watch) and
those that prevent pushnets used on seagrass beds or the conservation of seagrass-dependent
species, like dugong and turtles.
7.
DISCUSSION ON AGREED ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN WITHIN THE NEXT
INTERSESSIONAL PERIOD
7.1
Development of Regional Criteria
7.1.1 The National Focal Points discussed criteria for adoption by the Project Steering Committee for
determining the global, regional and transboundary significance of seagrass areas bordering the South
China Sea. Dr. Fortes gave a list of site selection criteria and spoke about the various considerations
that participants should put on using the criteria. The criteria were:
1. Representativeness (of the locality, region, etc)
2. Ecological significance (species richness, habitat links)
3. Environmental significance (nature, degree of impact)
4. Scale (sizable bed)
5. Accessibility
6. Database support
7. Management significance
8. National/Regional/Global significance
7.1.2 There was extensive discussion regarding the difference between these criteria and those
developed at the First RWG-SG for demonstration sites (Annex 6 UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.1/3). Dr.
Cabanban pointed out that a good selection of the many sites in each country could be prioritised. Dr.
Fortes presented to the meeting the criteria, basically a set of questions (Annex 10), developed in the
Philippines for the selection of sites for inclusion in the South China Sea Project. These set of questions
may assist in the selection of demonstration sites in the region.
7.1.3 A sub-committee, composed of Mr. Kuriandewa and Dr. Fortes, and the regional experts, Dr.
Hutomo, and Dr. Chittima, was established to draft regional criteria within three headings:
Transboundary significance, Potential for a site to demonstrate management intervention, reverse
degrading environmental trends, and Connectivity with other habitats. It was agreed that they would
present the draft to the meeting for discussion and adoption.
7.1.4 The agreed regional criteria were discussed at length and it was decided that the participants
should decide on a qualitative basis the significance of their sites using the criteria. If they decided on a
site as of transboundary significance, they should be able to support their decision on the basis of
qualitative or quantitative data at the relevant RWG-SG meeting where site recommendations would be
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made. The criteria for consideration are for Transboundary Significance, source or sink of
larvae/juveniles, carbon and nutrient transfer, transboundary human activities, migratory pathways,
international trade of goods and transboundary protected area, e.g. transborder World Heritage Site,
transboundary Biosphere reserve. For Management Potential, accessibility, area extent, existing
management, local acceptance, and existing information. For Connectivity, presence of migratory
species, heterogeneity of habitats, spawning grounds and nursery grounds. Finally, for Biodiversity,
species biodiversity, density, species diversity of associated biota and presence of endangered species.
7.1.5 There was a question on the characterisation parameters in Annex 7 UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-
SG.1/3 and how it related to the GIS questionnaire. It was explained that the questionnaire was based
on the characterisation parameters developed at the first meeting of the RWG-SG. Dr. Cabanban also
drew the attention of the meeting to Annex 4 of the Regional Scientific and Technical Committee
(RSTC) Meeting (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RSTC.1/3) in which guidelines were given on deciding seagrass
significance on a national, global, and international level.
7.2
Report on threats at site level
7.2.1 The National Focal Points reported on threats to seagrass ecosystems on a site basis.
7.2.2 Mr. Kim Sour reported that his information regarding threats was based on what he had heard
or seen in Cambodia. Pushnet and trawling, which are not officially allowed by the Fishery Law are
considered to be the main threats followed by sedimentation from erosion; seaweed farming; and water
transportation with wakes and anchoring. He suggested that climate change may be a threat but little
was known of this in Cambodia.
7.2.3 Professor Huang mentioned the effects of typhoons, shrimp culture, aquaculture cages,
shellfish collection, explosive fishing methods, electric fishing and poisons, trawling, pollution, and
digging for ports and channels were all threats in China.
7.2.4 In the case of Thailand threats were fishing with large trawlers and pushnets, wastewater from
shrimp farming, mining and sedimentation from development. Dr. Suvaluck was asked about evidence
for seagrass degradation and she explained that this was a field of her interest and that it was difficult to
determine in the short term due to the lack of baseline data. Fishing pressure was increasing all the
time but fisheries yields declining.
7.2.5 Dr. Fortes discussed threats at each of the ten sites along the western coast of the Philippines.
Threats were natural or man-induced and he pointed out that seagrass species differed in their
response to different disturbance. The threats included typhoons, man-made pollution, over harvesting,
dynamite fishing, physical removal of seagrass beds, siltation and conversion for other purposes.
7.2.6 Dr. Fortes noted that, Fuga Islands and Escarpada Point had no man-induced threats. The
threats at Cape Bolinao were sediment movement and silting. Sometimes seagrasses recovered.
Pollution is a recent threat. Fish cages and over-harvesting using fine mesh nets or dynamite were the
main threats. At Masinloc-Oyon Bay a coal-based electric plant dumped heated effluent in the seagrass
bed and only Enhalus acoroides remained. There was some loss due to removal of seagrass for
fishponds. Puerto Galera seagrass beds were impacted by domestic sewage generated from local
people and tourism. At Malampaya Sound over-harvesting, siltation and conversion for other purposes
were the main impacts. Bacuit Bay had physical removal with rakes and silt covered beds after rain that
destroyed seagrass. At Ulugan Bay siltation and natural disturbance caused loss. In Puerto Princesa
and Honda Bay siltation, over-harvesting, removal for other purposes and conversion to fish cages
caused seagrass to decline. Bugsuk Island lost seagrass because conversion for seaweed production,
removal of mangrove and effluent from shrimp farms destroyed it. Overall in Philippines, eutrophication
was the main problem but this was not important at the above-mentioned selected sites.
7.2.7 The participant from Malaysia said that natural coastal erosion was the main disturbance along
Malaysia's coastline. A 1985 study on the impact of erosion showed that 27% of the coast line was
affected. Development projects (such as reclamations) and sand mining in the Straits of Johor are some
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activities that potentially impact seagrasses. Land-based pollution from sewage, agriculture and sea-
borne pollution also caused decline in seagrass.
7.2.8 Indonesia had similar threats to the Philippines but the most important threat is human-induced
rather than natural. The types of disturbance were divided into three sections:
1. Physical degradation due to fishing boat movement, land reclamation, development, port
construction and trawling. As an example Banten Bay, Grenyang Bay, Kuta Bay and Lampung
Bay were described. Seagrass was also destroyed by removal of coral for building.
2. Pollution in Ambon Bay was cited as an example where siltation in the rainy season also
caused degradation.
3. Exploitation and collection of resources from seagrass beds caused damage and the meeting
was told that there were data from 1983 and 1994 on decreasing population of holothurians
available in Kotania Bay.
7.2.9 Dr. Tien noted that, the threats in Vietnam were the same as other Asian countries. He used Ha
Long Bay as an example where all five species of seagrasses were destroyed by fishing nets.
Sedimentation was also a problem. Recently water turbidity caused by development and deforestation
upstream had caused loss. Dynamite was used to catch fish. Overall 70% of the seagrass in Ha Long
Bay was destroyed in the last 20 years.
7.2.10 Dr. Fortes asked whether the identification of threats in seagrass sites related to causal chain
analysis. Dr. Fortes mentioned that a causal chain analysis was done for coastal habitats including
seagrass beds in the South China Sea under the Global International Waters Assessment. Dr. Kirkman
explained that at this stage in the project, the RWG-SG is preparing a causal chain analysis. This
analysis will be done on the sites that the regional working group will choose later in order to identify
points of intervention for management. Dr. Fortes stressed that in the identification of threats, Focal
Points must differentiate the impacts of anthropogenic activities and natural causes, between short-term
and long-term impacts, and that impacts are species-specific.
7.2.11 A preliminary list of threats by country was prepared and is found in Annex 11. This summary
shows that many threats are common among the participating countries, such as physical damage due
to destructive fishing methods (push-nets, trawling), sedimentation due to the clearing of mangrove
forests and logging of perennial trees, and over-exploitation of seagrass resources.
7.3
Best Practise Guidelines for Sustainable Seagrass Management
7.3.1 The meeting discussed the development of widely applicable guidelines for best practices for
sustainable seagrass management for adoption and application at national level. Dr. Fortes had
provided the meeting with two articles concerning methods and best practices for seagrass
management (Duarte, et al., 1994 and Short et al., 2001). He began by describing how different all the
countries were in their use of methods. He advocated uniform standard methodology for assessment of
seagrass management for comparability of data. He explained the SeagrassNet methods using
examples from different studies. He related the history, goals, and usage of SeagrassNet.
7.3.2 Dr. Hutomo presented a document on management of seagrass and preventing the degrading
effects of human disturbance. He offered to prepare a short document on how the guidelines for best
management practices could be used for each of a number of threats.
7.3.3 The following preliminary list of items for inclusion in best practice guidelines was agreed for
review between meetings. The Guidelines for Sustainable Management of Seagrass Resources are
based on maintaining sustainable seagrass resources 1. They should
· build capacity and strengthen institutions
· be sustainable
· be interdisciplinary and intersectoral
1 Wise Practices Criteria, UNESCO-CSI 1998.
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· be participatory in process
· build consensus
· be effective and efficient communication process
· respect cultural norms
· be sensitive to gender and/or other issues
· strengthen local identities
· follow national legal policy
· have regional dimension
· document the effects of management
Guidelines for Sustainable Management of Seagrass Resources should also
· establish and strengthen existing legal and institutional framework
· map distribution for seagrass beds
· monitor changes of seagrass beds
· promote community participation
· ensure effective communication
· ensure political support
7.4
Economic valuation parameters
7.4.1 The meeting decided on the listing of parameters which require evaluation in the process of any
economic valuation of seagrass resources as follows:
Uses of Seagrass Resources
Resources
· Fisheries
· Handicraft
· Tourism (dugong, turtles)
· Pharmaceuticals
· Fertilisers
Ecological function
· Sediment filter
· Nutrient filter
· Prevention of erosion
· Nursery
8.
PRESENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE OUTCOME OF THE GIS WORKSHOP JOINTLY
CONVENED BY THE PROJECT CO-ORDINATING UNIT AND SOUTHEAST ASIA START1
REGIONAL CENTRE IN AUGUST 2002 (UNEP/GEF/SCS/EW.1/3)
8.1
Outcomes of the Workshop
8.1.1 The Secretariat presented the workshop proceedings and requested the meeting to review its
content and discuss the data input for seagrass.
8.1.2 Participants reported to the meeting the outcome of in-country discussions with the designated
GIS experts who participated in this workshop, China, Cambodia and Malaysia had not heard from their
country's GIS expert. Thailand showed concern over her knowledge of the GIS workshop and
requested some clarification. The secretariat explained how the parameter characterisation list was
used to prepare the questionnaire and highlighted any issues or problems, which have been identified
to date.
1 START = the Global Change SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Page 9
8.1.3 Dr. Kirkman pointed out that the national characterisation questionnaire needed revision as the
economic valuation criteria parameters had to be added. The questionnaire would be revised by the
PCU and sent to the participants as soon as possible.
8.2
Site Characterisation Questionnaires Developed by the SEA START RC and workshop
participants
8.2.1 Participants reviewed the questionnaires (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/10) developed by the
SEA START RC on the basis of the data and information needs for seagrass compiled during the 1st
Regional Working Group Meeting. Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam have begun filling in the fields of the
questionnaires for some of the seagrass sites that they already identified.
9.
REVISION OF THE WORKPLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING
GROUP ON SEAGRASS
9.1
During the first meeting of the Regional Working Group on Seagrass a flow chart of activities
and workplan and timetable were developed. The members revised the workplan and outputs and
recommended a timely and realistic timetable. Changes were made to the list of National Activities and
a new timetable was prepared. Dr. Kirkman reiterated that the deadline for all these data submission to
the PCU was 9 August (the six week cut off date) in time for the fourth meeting of the RWG-SG. Any
country that did not provide its data would not be considered for demonstration site selection.
9.2
Dr. Fortes suggested that in the selection of regional demonstration sites, at least one should
demonstrate the nature of a "typical" seagrass bed. The participants agreed and discussed the
possibility of recommending a demonstration site that connected with mangrove and/or coral reefs. The
question was raised that if there were a connected demonstration site and the funding requirement
consequently lower, what would happen to the excess funds? Alternatives were discussed including
increasing activities within the demonstration site or developing another. The PCU was alerted to this
possibility and will provide an answer at the next RWG-SG.
9.3
It was also agreed that a demonstration site of transboundary significance be recommended to
the RSTC.
9.4
The meeting agreed that the workplan was acceptable and would keep to the deadlines. The
revised workplan is attached as Annex 14. In the case of Malaysia, a separate timetable to the workplan
was developed with the agreement that Malaysia would catch up by August, 2003.
10.
DATES AND LOCATION OF THE THIRD AND FOURTH MEETINGS OF THE REGIONAL
WORKING GROUP ON SEAGRASS
10.1 Members considered and agreed upon the next two meetings of the Regional Working Group
for Seagrass to be in Malaysia and in southern China, respectively, on the dates specified in the
schedule of meetings: 3rd RWG-SG 25-28 March, 2003 and 4th RWG-SG 23-26 September, 2003
(Annex 15).
11.
ANY OTHER BUSINESS
11.1 There was no other business.
12.
ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING
12.1 The Rapporteur, Dr. Kirkman, presented the draft report of the meeting, which was considered,
amended and adopted as contained in this document. Mr. Kim Sour proposed and Mr. Kamarruddin
seconded the motion for adoption of the report, which was passed unopposed.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Page 10
13.
CLOSURE OF THE MEETING
13.1
On behalf of the Executive Director of UNEP and in his personal capacity, Dr. Kirkman thanked
the participants for their hard and constructive work during the meeting, which had been very productive
and had been conducted in a friendly and pleasant atmosphere. Dr. Kirkman informed participants that he
would no longer be with UNEP after February, 2003 but that a new PCU Member would be in regular
contact with the Focal Points regarding the progress of the work.
13.2
Professor Huang, the Chairperson thanked the participants for their hard work and support during
the course of the meeting. Dr. Cabanban, on behalf of the PCU, thanked the Regional Experts for their
interest and assistance in this scientific meeting. The Chairperson declared the meeting closed at 1820hrs
on the 31st October 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 1
Page 1
ANNEX 1
List of Participants
Focal Points
Cambodia
People's Republic of China
Mr. Kim Sour
Mr. Xiaophing Huang
Department of Fisheries
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Chinese Academy of Sciences
186 Norodom Boulevard
164 West Xingang Road
P.O. Box 852
Guangzhou 510301
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Guangdong Province, China
Tel: (855 23) 215796
Tel: (86 20) 8902 3210
Fax: (855 23) 215796
Fax: (86 20) 8445 1672
E-mail: catfish@camnet.com.kh
E-mail: xphuang@scsio.ac.cn
Indonesia
Malaysia
Mr. Tri Edi Kuriandewa
Mr. Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim
Puslit Oseanografi, LIPI
Department of Fisheries
Pasir Putih 1
Turtle and Marine Ecosystem Center (TUMEC)
Ancol Timur
23050 Rantau Abang, Dungun
Jakarta, Indonesia
Terengganu, Malaysia
Tel: (62 251) 683 850; 316 9288;
Tel:
(609) 845 8169; 845 3169 (direct)
08129005737
Fax: (609) 845 8017
Fax: (62 251) 681 948
E-mail: kdin55@yahoo.com
E-mail: indo-seagrass@centrin.net.id;
kuriandewa@plasa.com
Philippines
Thailand
Dr. Miguel Fortes
Dr. Suvaluck Satumanatpan
Marine Science Institute
Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
University of the Philippines (MSI/UP)
Mahidol University, Salaya Campus
Diliman, Quezon City
Nakorn Pathom 73170
Philippines 1101
Thailand
Tel:
(632) 922 3959; 922 3958
Tel: (66 2) 441 5000 ext. 187; (01) 700 7512
Fax: (632) 924 7678
Fax: (66 2) 441 9509-10
E-mail: fortesm@upmsi.ph
E-mail: ensnt@mahidol.ac.th
Vietnam
Dr. Nguyen Van Tien
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
246 Da Nang Street
Hai Phong City, Vietnam
Tel:
(84 31) 760 599, 761 523
Fax:
(84 31) 761 521
E-mail: nvtien@hio.ac.vn
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 2
Page 2
Expert Members
Dr. Chittima Aryuthaka
Dr. Hutomo Malikusworo
Department of Marine Science
Indonesian Institute of Science
Faculty of Fisheries
Pasir Putih 1
Kasetsart University
Ancol Timur
Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900
Jakarta 14330
Thailand
Indonesia
Tel:
(66 2) 579 7610; 561 3469
Tel: (62 21) 683850
Fax: (66 2) 561 4287
Fax: (62 21) 681948
E-mail: ffiscta@ku.ac.th
E-mail: indo-seagrass@centrin.net.id
Project Co-ordinating Unit Member
Dr. Hugh Kirkman
Coordinator (EAS/RCU)
United Nations Environment Programme
9th Floor, Block A, United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Avenue
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Tel:
(66 2) 288 1860
Fax: (66 2) 281 2428
E-mail: kirkman.unescap@un.org
Secretariat
Dr. Annadel S. Cabanban
Ms. Krittika Kleesuwan
Expert Community Based Management
Secretary (EAS/RCU)
UNEP/GEF Project Co-ordinating Unit
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
9th Floor, Block A, United Nations Building
9th Floor, Block A, United Nations Building
Rajdamnern Avenue
Rajdamnern Avenue
Bangkok 10200
Bangkok 10200, Thailand
Thailand
Tel:
(66 2) 288 2279
Tel:
(66 2) 288 1889
Fax: (66 2) 281 2428
Fax: (66 2) 281 2428
E-mail: cabanban@un.org
E-mail: kleesuwan.unescap@un.org
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 2
Page 1
ANNEX 2
List of Documents
Discussion documents
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/1
Provisional agenda
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/2
Provisional annotated agenda
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Report of the meeting
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/4
Report of the Project Co-ordinating Unit concerning the mid-
year reviews and reports from the Specialised Executing
Agencies
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/5
Six-monthly progress reports from the participating countries
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/6
Members of the National Seagrass Committees and sub-
committees in the participating countries
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/7.Cam
Review of Past and On-going Activities on Seagrass in
Cambodia
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/7.Ind
Review of Past and On-going Activities on Seagrass in
Indonesia
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/7.Phi
Review of Past and On-going Activities on Seagrass in
Philippines - 2000-2002: Research and Monitoring,
Workshops and Conferences, Publications
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/7.Vie
Review of Past and On-going Activities on Seagrass in
Vietnam
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/8.Ind
Review of national data
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/8.Vie
Review of data and information on seagrasses in Vietnam
Development of Seagrass Metadatabase for Vietnam
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/9.Ind
Legal aspects and institutional framework
Policy and strategy of sustainable management of Indonesian
Seagrass
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/9.Phi
Chronology of national and local legislation relevant to the
concerns of the seagrass management in the Philippines
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/10
Questionnaires for data and information entry into the
Regional GIS database of Seagrass sites
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/11
Metadata format for the metadatabase of Seagrass sites
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/12
Schedule of Meetings of the Regional Working Groups,
Regional Scientific and Technical Committee, and the Project
Steering Committee
Information documents
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/INF.1
Provisional list of documents
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/INF.2
Provisional list of participants
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/INF.3
Draft programme
Short, F. T., L. J. McKenzie, R. G. Coles, and K. P. Vidler. 2001. SeagrassNet Manual for Scientific
Monitoring of Seagrass Habitat. (QDPI, QFS, Cairns). 56 pp.
Duarte, C. M., N. Marba, N. Agawin., J. Cebrina, S. Enriquez, M. D. Fortes, M. E. Gallegos, M. Merino,
B. Olesen, K. Sand-Jensen, J. Uri, and J. Vermaat. 1994.
Reconstruction of seagrass dynamics: age determinations
and associated tools for the seagrass ecologist.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 2
Page 2
UNEP/GEF/SCS/EW.1/3
UNEP/GEF/SCS and SEA START RC, GIS Workshop in
support of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing Environmental
Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of
Thailand", Report of the meeting, UNEP/GEF/SCS/EW.1/3,
Bangkok, Thailand, 7-9 August 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/PSC.1/3
First Meeting of the Project Steering Committee for the
UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing Environmental Degradation
Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report
of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/SCS/PSC.1/3. UNEP, Bangkok
Thailand.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RSTC.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Scientific and Technical
Committee for the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RSTC.1/3 Pattaya, Thailand, 14 - 16 March 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Land-
based Pollution Component of the UNEP/GEF Project
"Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South
China Sea and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-LbP.1/3 Bangkok, Thailand, 3 - 5 April
2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-W.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Wetland
Sub-component of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RWG-W.1/3 Phuket, Thailand, 24 - 26 April 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-M.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Mangrove
Component of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RWG-M.1/3 Phuket, Thailand, 29 April - 1 May 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Seagrass
Sub-component of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RWG-SG.1/3 Bangkok , Thailand, 6 - 8 May 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-CR.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Coral
Reef Sub-component of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RWG-CR.1/3 Bangkok, Thailand, 9 - 11 May 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-F.1/3
First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for the Fisheries
Component of the UNEP/GEF Project "Reversing
Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea
and Gulf of Thailand". Report of the meeting. UNEP/GEF/
SCS/RWG-F.1/3 Bangkok , Thailand, 20 - 22 May 2002.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 3
Page 1
ANNEX 3
Agenda
1.
OPENING OF THE MEETING
1.1
Welcome address
1.2
Introduction of new members
2.
ORGANISATION OF THE MEETING
2.1
Documents available to the meeting
2.2
Designation of officers
2.3
Organisation of work
3.
ADOPTION OF THE MEETING AGENDA
4.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARIAT CONCERNING THE MID-YEAR REVIEWS AND REPORTS
FROM PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
5.
REPORTS FROM THE FOCAL POINTS ON INTER-SESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AT THE
NATIONAL LEVEL
5.1
Review National reports
5.2
Review of past and on-going activities
5.3
Creation of national meta-database
6.
DISCUSSION AND REPORTS ON ON-GOING ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE
CHARACTERISATION OF NATIONAL SEAGRASS SITES AND THEIR REGIONAL
PRIORITISATION
6.1
Identification and characterisation of "sites"
6.2
Review of National Legislation
7.
DISCUSSION ON AGREED ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN WITHIN THE NEXT
INTERSESSIONAL PERIOD
7.1
Development of Regional Criteria
7.2
Report on threats at site level
7.3
Best Practise Guidelines for Sustainable Seagrass Management
7.4
Economic valuation parameters
8.
PRESENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE OUTCOME OF THE GIS WORKSHOP JOINTLY
CONVENED BY THE PROJECT CO-ORDINATING UNIT AND SOUTHEAST ASIA START1
REGIONAL CENTRE IN AUGUST 2002 (UNEP/GEF/SCS/EW.1/3)
8.1
Outcomes of the Workshop
8.2
Site Characterisation Questionnaires Developed by the SEA START RC and
workshop participants
9.
REVISION OF THE WORKPLAN AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE REGIONAL WORKING GROUP
ON SEAGRASS
10. DATES AND LOCATION OF THE THIRD AND FOURTH MEETINGS OF THE REGIONAL
WORKING GROUP FOR SEAGRASS
11. ANY OTHER BUSINESS
12. ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE MEETING
13. CLOSURE OF THE MEETING
1 START = the Global Change SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 1
ANNEX 4
List of Members of the National Committee on Seagrasses
China
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Prof. Xiaoping Huang
Marine ecology
South China Institute of
Oceanology
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Prof. Zhengguang Huang
Environment
South China Environmental
Institute
State Environmental Protection
Administration
Prof. Qiaoming Zhang
Marine Ecology
South China Institute of
Oceanology
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mr. Gang Chen
Marine Ecology
Marine and Fishery Department
Hainan Province Government
Mrs. Jianjun Song
Economics
Institute of Land Development
and Regional Economic
National Planning Committee B
Tower
Mr. Terence Fong
Marine Ecology
Environment and Resources
Management
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 2
List of Members of the National Committee for Seagrasses
Indonesia
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Drs. Tri Edi Kuriandewa
Seagrass growth and
Research Centre for Oceanography-LIPI
productivi ty
Dr. M. Hutomo
seagrass fish ecology
Research Centre for Oceanography-LIPI
Drs. Pramudji, M.Sc.
Mangrove-Seagrass
Research Centre for Oceanography-LIPI
Relationship
Drs. Wawan Kiswara
Seagrass Function and
Yayasan Lamun Indonesia (LAMINA)
Mapping
Drs. M. Husni Azkab
Seagrass Community
Research Centre for Oceanography-LIPI
Structure
Priyadi Dwi Santoso, ST.
Database and Web and
Research Centre for Oceanography-LIPI
Web Developer
Ir. Fredinan Yulianda, M.Sc.
Resource Economic
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Valuation
Dr. Sumitro
Dugong Ecology and
Sea World Indonesia
Captivity
Dr. Ir. Nadratuzzaman Hosen Socio Economic of
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Coastal Community
Dr. Subagjo
Coastal and Mangrove
Coral Reef Rehabilitation & Management
Management
Program (COREMAP)
Chairuddin Hasyim, M. Si.,
Environmental Legal
Ministry of Environment Office
M. Km.
Specialist
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 3
List of Members of the National Committee for Seagrasses
Malaysia
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Mr. Kamarruddin bin Ibrahim Turtle Ecology
Department of Fisheries
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 4
List of Members of the National Committee for Seagrasses
Philippines
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Dr. Miguel D. Fortes
Marine Scientist
Marine Science Institute
College of Science
University of the Philippines Diliman
Mr. Florendo Barangan
Marine Scientist
Coastal and Marine Management
Office
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Ms. Ma. Salvacion Ferrer
Marine Scientist Marine Plant Plant Section
National Fisheries Research and
Development Institute
Dr. Nemesio Marco
Marine Scientist
Marine Science Institute
Montano
College of Science
University of the Philippines Diliman
Dr. Rene N. Rollon
Environmental Science
Environmental Science Program
College of Science
University of the Philippines, Diliman
Dr. Jose Antonio Socrates
Provincial Health
Provincial Health Officer
Atty. Grizelda Mayo-Anda
Environmental Legal
Environmental Legal Assistance
Center, Inc.
Ms. Sheila Vergara
Researcher
International Center for Living Aquatic
Resources Management-The World's
Fish Center, Philippines
Dr. Aida Lapis
Researcher
ASEAN Regional Centre for
Biodiversity
Ms. Cristy Abordo
Provincial Agriculture
Palawan Council for Sustainable
Development
Ms. Jacqueline J. Strachan
Marine Scientist
Marine Science Institute College of
Science
University of the Philippines, Diliman
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 5
List of Members of the National Committee for Seagrasses
Thailand
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Dr. Suvaluck
Faculty of Environment and Resource
Satumanatpan
Studies, Mahidol University
Dr. Sura Pattanakrit
Faculty of Environment and Resource
Studies, Mahidol University
Assoc. Pisit Sukreeyapong
Faculty of Environment and Resource
Studies, Mahidol University
Dr. Varantut Dulyapruk
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Ms. Chartcharee
Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Supanvanich
Mr. Krisana Intharasuk
Wildlife Fund, Thailand
Mr. Tanu Nabnian
Wildlife Fund, Thailand
Mr. Sombat Poovachiranon
Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket
Ms. Kanjana
Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket
Adulyanukosol
Mr. Sanchai Sutripanviharn
Faculty of Environment and Resource
Studies, Mahidol University
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 4
Page 6
List of Members of the National Committee for Seagrasses
Vietnam
NAME
EXPERTISE
OFFICE
Dr. Nguyen Van Tien
Seagrass Expert
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Prof. Nguyen Chu Hoi
Environmental Management
Institute of Fisheries Economics and
Planning
Ms. Le Thanh Binh
National Environment Agency
Ms. Tran Dinh Lan
Database-GIS
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Le Thi Thanh
Seagrass Expert
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Duong Thanh An
Environmental Policy
National Environment Agency (NEA)
Ms. Tu Thi Lan Huong
Seagrass Expert
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Nguyen Huu Tri
Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography
Dr. Do Nam
Socio-economy
Department of Science Technology
and Environment
Dr. Truong Van Tuyen
Economist
Ministry of Planning & Investment
Dr. Vu Huy Thu
Marine Resources Protection
Department for Protecting Fishery
Resources
Dr. Dam Duc Tien
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Invited Experts
Dr. Tran Duc Thanh
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Do Trong Binh
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Dr. Nguyen Huy Yet
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Lang Van Ken
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Pham Viet Hong
National Environment Agency
Chu The Cuong
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Tran Thu Ha
National Environment Agency (NEA)
TS. Pham Ngoc Cuong
National Environment Agency
Secretariat
Ms. Tu Thi Lan Huong
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
Ms. Le Thi Thanh
Haiphong Institute of Oceanology
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 1
ANNEX 5
Summary of Past and On-going Activities
Country: Cambodia
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objectives
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subject
Remarks
Agencies
25 November-18
Environmental
Danish
To investigate the
Sihanoukville
Sihanoukville (Koh
Phase 1:
Management and
December 1998
Management in
International
socio-economic
working group
Tang, Koh Thas,
socio-economics
Costal Zone-
Development
frameworks for the (Dep. Environment, Koh Tres, Poy
1. A Functional policy
Cambodia
Agency (DANIDA)
destructive fishing
Dep. Of Rural
Independent, Poy
and inst. framework
(CZM) in Phase I
practices and coral Development, Dep. Sokha, Poy
for CZM.
(to develop a basic
reef collection;
Of Tourism, and
Tamouk, Poy
2. Planning and
skills in CZM and
Sihanoukville
Ochheuteal)
integrated
long-term strategy
To investigate the
Fisheries Office)
Environmental
for CZM) and II
ecological impact
management
(Enhance
of the destructive
strategy at national
government
fishing and coral
and provincial levels
capacity,
collection;
including CZM action
coordination,
To suggest
plans.
negotiation, and
management
planning by
strategy to stop or
3. An approach for
provincial working
regulate the
stakeholder
groups, pilot
destruction of coral
participation in CZM
projects in
reefs.
process.
community-based
resource
4. Information
management)
education and
communication
5. standardized for
collecting, analyzing
and disseminating
coastal inform.
6. Productive pilot
projects with
community-based
management.
7. Pilot projects on
waste management
and monitoring
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 2
Phase 2:
1. Provincial working
group coordinate,
negotiate, plan and
management.
2. Incorporate into
existing institutional
framework.
3. Physical
framework plans for
all four coastal
provinces.
4. Environ. report on
baseline of the
coastal area.
5. Seagrass beds &
coral reefs are
mapped in the
coastal provinces.
6. Provincial staff is
able to assess TOR
for EIA.
7.Improved livelihood
perspectives for
household in 5 pilot
projects.
8. Guideline for
community-base
management
9. Admin. & human
resource
10. CZM website
11. Awareness raising
12. Personnel
networking.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 3
April 26- May 26,
DANIDA
1. To introduce a
Wetland
Koh kong
Management and
2001
team of MoE staffs International
(Ampil Toch
socio-economics
to identification
Program (Ramsar
Island),
and survey
Convention), Team Sihanoukville
technique of coral
(from Ministry of
reefs and sea
Environment,
(Koh Rong
grass species.
Wetland
Sanlem, Koh
This includes
International, Royal Tmey),
species
University of
Kompot and Kep
identification,
Agriculture)
(Prek Kdad,
survey
Chanhuorn)
methodology, field
data collection,
data analysis and
report writing;
2. To have the
staffs from the
ministry expose to
field surveying of
coral reef and sea
grass and make
their own judgment
for selection of
additional Ramsar
site;
3. To identify at
least one coastal
or marine wetland
area which is
under-represented
at both national
and global level for
designation for
project and for
listing as a wetland
of International
importance.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 4
1. The 1st phase is Kep's working
Kep and Kampot
Management and
to determine the
team (3
(Koh Tonsay, Koh
socio-economics
location of coral
researchers are
Po, Koh
reefs and sea
Kep working group Makprang, Koh
grasses bed;
and 1 from MoE2)
Ankrong, Koh
Seut, Koh Achses,
2. The 2nd phase
Koh Tbal, Koh
is a monitoring
Svay, Koh Mtes,
program of coral
Koh Kok, Koh
reefs and sea
Karang)
grass. The
program includes
survey planning,
sea grass
investigation and
sampling, coral
reefs investigation,
sampling handling
and data reporting.
DANIDA/ IDRC3
National Park
PMMR4 (Phase I
Peam Krosop (Koh
Improved skill s
Management
(mangrove and
and II)
Kong)
and methods&
and socio-
coral reef): by
increase their
economics
focusing on
actual control of
sustainable
resources.
livelihood and
management
issues via
community-based
natural resource
management
2001-2005
DANIDA
To develop a
Phase 3
Integration of
Management and
coherent policy
(MoE/provincial
environmental
socio-economics
framework and
working groups)
concerns in the policy
management
planning.
structure for
sustainable use of
the country's
natural resources
and protection of
the environment.
2 Ministry of Environment.
3 International Development Research Center, Canada.
4 Participatory Management of Mangrove Resources.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 5
2000-2003
The assessment
Singapore
Assist local
National University
Ecology
Koh Kong
the marine
International
authorities to
of Singapore
Management
Expedition 3
biodiversity of the Foundation, Youth
develop and
(NUS)
Socio-economics
(KK3) is due in
reef s off Koh
Expeditions Project
maintain a
February 2003
Kong Province,
(SIF, YEP)
monitoring
Cambodia.
program to track
changes in
specific habitats;
Contribute to
development of
coastal
management
strategies.
1999-2000
Coastal resource
Asian
Management
More information
survey in
Development Bank
to be acquired
Cambodia
from ADB
Keywords:
Biology (growth, reproduction)
Ecology (distribution, density)
Management
Socio-economics
Restoration
Environment Impacts
Economic valuation
Utilisation
Mappping and inventory
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 6
Summary of Presentations: Tabulation of Past and On-going Projects on Seagrass
Country: China
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objectives
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subject
Remarks
Agencies
1979
To protect Zostera
Lai Chi Wo,
Data and information
Ecology,
japonica community
Hongkong
Management
1986
Establishment
State Environment
To protect dugongs,
National Nature
He Pu Guangxi Data and information
Ecology,
The are of the
of National
Protection
turtles, dolphins,
Reserves of He
management
nature
Marine Nature
Administration of the
seagrass, mangrove Pu Guangxi
reserve is
Reserves
P. R. China
swamps, etc.
86.4km2 .
Dec
The division of
Department of the
To protect Dugong
National dugongs
He Pu Guangxi Data and information
Ecology,
120 km2 sea area
1990
marine functional division of marine
dugong and their
nature reserves of
Management
in the south of
zonation in
functional zonation of
favorite seagrass
He Pu Guangxi
Sha Tian He Pu
Guangxi province Guangxi province
Food (Halophila spp.)
Guangxi province
1996
To conduct research
Yan Chau Tong,
on seagrass bed
Marine Park
(Zostera Japonica)
Hong Kong
1996
Department of Fishery To protect seagrass
Environmental Impact
Protection, Hong Kong communities
Assessment
Ordinance
1996
Department of Fishery To protect seagrass
Environmental Impact
Protection, Hong Kong communities
Assessment Ordinance
1 April
To classify marine
National Standard for
"seagrass bed "
1999
reserves into 3
the "The classifying
belongs to one
classes and 16 types;
principle and type of
of the 10 types
and ecosystems
marine reserves "
of marine and
coastal natural
April
State Oceanic
1. to protect seagrass
Monitoring techniques;
2002
Administration of the
bed ecosystems and
Rules for Marine
P. R. China
other coastal marine
reserves general
ecosystems.
provisions
2. the monitoring of
"seagrass
ecosystem": plants
coverage; thickness;
benthic biodiversity;
community
structure.
On-going Research of
State Oceanic
Hainan island
Data and information
ecology
Administration of the
environment of
P. R. China
reef swamps and
seagrass.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 7
Tabulation of Past and On-going Projects on Seagrass
Country: Indonesia
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objectives
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subject
Remarks
Agencies
Biology and
To collect data on
LIPI
Taka Bone Rate,
Inventory of Marine
seagrass diversity,
Podaido Islands,
Resources
distribution
Riau Islands,
structure, density;
East Kalimantan,
To collect data on
Maluku,
diversity and
Kotania Bay,
ecology of
Ceram Island
associated flora
and fauna;
Mapping using
remotely-sensed
data
1986-1992
ASEAN-Australia
ASEAN-Australia
To assess the
Data and
Cooperative
status of coastal
information;
Program on Marine
living resources
Distribution;
Science
Database;
Field Manual
Snellius II
Indonesia-Dutch
Selayar Island,
Expedition:
government
Taka Bone Rate
Pelagic System;
Islands, Komodo
River Input into
Island,Sumbawa
Marine System;
Island
Deep Sea
Ventilation;
Coral Reefs
(including seagrass);
Geology-Geophysics
Buginesia Project
Indonesia-Dutch
Biology (factors
government;
limiting growth and
Netherlands
production)
Foundation for the
Advancement of
Tropical Research
on Seagrass
Indonesia Marine
LIPI-Japan Society
LIPI
Kuta Bay, South
Field Guide to
Biodiversity
for the Promotion
coast of Lombok
Lombok Island;
of Science
Identification
Guide to Marine
Organisms in
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 8
Organisms in
Seagrass Beds in
Lombok Island
Marine and Coastal Indonesian
Management
Resource
government
Planning/Integrated
Coastal Zone
Management
1993-1998
Marine Resources
To improve marine
10 Marine and
Evaluation and
and coastal
Coastal
Planning Project
planning and
Management
mnanagement
Areas and 3
capability,
Species Marine
To further develop
Areas
and strengthen
existing marine
and coastal
information system
1996-2000
Coastal Resources USAID-Indonesian
To achieve
National Development
Management
Management Project Government
measurable
Planning Agency,
or Indonesian
progress towards
Center for Coastal
Coastal Resources
Natural Resources and Marine Resources
Project
Management
Studies at the Bogor
Institute of Agriculture
1998-2002
Coral Reef
World Bank and
Taka Bone Rate,
National Policy for
Management
Rehabilitation and
Asian Development
Senayang-
Coral Reef
Management
Bank (ADB)
Lingga,
Management
Program - Phase 1
Podaido Islands
1998
Coastal
ADB
To rationalise and
Prigi of Trenggalla
Management
Bengkalis Island
Community
regulate the use of
and Muncar, East
Socio-economics
has significant
Development and
coastal fisheries
Java;
mangrove forest
Fisheries Resource
resources;
Lombok, West
Management
To conserve fish
Nusa Tenggara;
Project
habitats project
Tegal Sari,
areas;
Central Java;
To wean coastal
Bengkalis Island,
fishers away from
Riau
fishing activities
Marine and Coastal ADB
To strengthen local
15 provinces:
Resources
plan and manage
North, West, and
Management
coastal resources;
South Sumatra;
Project
To improve
Riau Province;
availability of and
Bengkulu;
access to quality
Lampung; East,
spatial and
West, Central,
biodiversity data
and South-west
and information;
Kalimantan;
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 9
and information;
Kalimantan;
To improve legal
North, Central,
and regulatory
and South
framework for
Sulawesi; West
resource
Nusa Tenggara
management and
compliance
Riau Coastal Land
United Nations
To improve the
Directorate General of
Use Management
Development
available
Regional
Project
Programme,
information on
Development,
United Nations
coastal resources of Indonesia
Educational,
Riau Province;
Scientific, and
To create, at the
Cultural
provincial level, a
Organisation
semi-permanent
forum for
interagency
discussion and
cooperation
towards a coastal
environment profile;
To strengthen the
environmental
planning process
for the coastal zone
in Riau Province;
To support the
government in
achieving wise and
sustainable use of
wetland sites
Banten Bay
Indonesia-
To identify and
Integrated Coastal
Netherlands
understand the
Zone Management
governments
Banten Bay system;
Project (under the
To gather data and
Land Ocean
information for
Interaction in the
developing
Coastal Zone)
database
management
sturucture for
decision-making;
To provide scientific
foundation for
planners and
decision-makers in
management and
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 10
management and
sustainable use of
coastal resources;
To enhance
interagency
cooperation and to
increase scientific
capacity of
agencies;
To create and
increase
capabilities of
human resources
To conduct
research on the
function of Enhalus
acoroides;
To investigate the
interactions of
demersal fisheries
with nearshore
vegetated habitats
(as nursery sites);
To study the
population
dynamics of some
selected species in
Banten Bay
Development of
Conservation
Togean Island
Seagrass beds
Collaborative
International
and dugong are
Management
found in channels
Keywords:
Biology (growth, reproduction)
Ecology (distribution, density)
Management
Socio-economics
Restoration
Environment Impacts
Economic valuation
Utilisation
Mapping and inventory
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 11
Summary of Presentation on Past and On-going Projects on Seagrass Beds
in the Philippines
1.
REVIEW OF PAST AND ON-GOING ACTIVITIES: 2000-2002
The past and on-going activities referred to in this report include those that fall within the following
categories of activities: Research and Monitoring, Workshops and Conferences, and Publications.
Some of the significant activities under each category are given below:
1.1
Research and Monitoring
At the Puerto Galera Biosphere Reserve, the following activities were undertaken. Although these were
not fully under the ambit of the NCS, they have been implemented with the direct supervision of some of
its members and their thrusts were directed to be in line with those of the Seagrass Component of the
UNEP/GEF Project:
1. SeagrassNet This is a part of a global project (Asia-pacific) funded by the Packard
Foundation. At present being undertaken in 25 countries, it aims at detecting change in
seagrass beds using a standardized methodology. The result of this project is being
disseminated to the people of Puerto Galera as a means to train and educate them on the
importance of seagrass beds to the improvement of the quality of life of the people and of their
environment. This reporter will recommend that the Seagrass component of the UNEP/GEF
establish formal ties with this project as the latter has made substantial progress in applying a
standard methodology for assessing the health and importance of seagrass habitats in the
Asia-Pacific, as well as the fact that it has developed an electronic network for the processing of
technical and non-technical data. This network can accommodate the concerns of the Seagrass
component in relation to its plan to develop a similar network and database support systems.
2. BantayIsay (SeagrassWatch) Based on volunteerism, this is an activity to monitor the
environmental conditions of the seagrass habitats in the Biosphere Reserve. The municipality
sanctioned the activity by virtue of an Executive Order (E. O. 02-01) from the mayor's office and
promulgated last January 2002. A `first ever' in the history of seagrass science in the world, it
was officially launched last 4 October 2002 in the presence of the Secretary-General of the
UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines and the Officials of the Municipality of Puerto
Galera Biosphere Reserve. The importance of BantayIsay lies in the fact that it is the rallying
point for local constituents in gaining support in favor of the coastal environment in the reserve.
The NSC is now tapping into this community-based set-up in preparation for its projected
activities in the area.
3. Giant Clam Garden This project is being adopted by the NSC to help the Marine Biological
Society of the University of the Philippines in their outreach program in Puerto Galera
Biosphere Reserve. The society is monitoring the growth of the clams with the intention to
disseminate the information and help restock degraded reefs with the involvement of the
people.
In Ulugan Bay, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, the initial fish-seagrass experimental pens have been
revitalized with the help of the NSC. This is a part of the completed UNDP/UNESCO Project "Coastal
Resources Assessment and Sustainable Management" (1998-2000). The primary aim was to link
science to tourism management through involvement and participation of the communities and other
stakeholders. As in Puerto Galera Biosphere Reserve, the Seagrass Component will tap the existing
mechanisms e.g. community-based organizations, trained inhabitants in paralegal aspects of Integrated
Coastal Area Management (ICAM), etc.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 12
1.2
Workshops and Conferences
1. Ecotone IX: "Wise Coastal Practices in Tourism Development in Biosphere Reserves" (21-27
May 2000). Funded by Fund-In-Trust of the Government of Japan and the UNESCO Man and
Biosphere Programme Jakarta Office, the workshop aimed at assessing the environmental
conditions of the Biosphere Reserve and recommending integrated approaches to solve the
problems. While the NSC was not yet formalized then, this was an initial activity of the original
committee even before the UNEP/GEF Project became operational. The local government in
their ecotourism development program now utilizes the results of the workshop.
2. Study Tour/Workshop" Wise Practices in Coastal Resources Management:
From Theory to Practice" University of the Philippines Bolinao Marine Laboratory (UPBML)
(Bolinao, Pangasinan, 20-23 March 2002). With the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council,
the highest governing body of the Municipality) members as the participants, the activity had the
following aims:
a. To learn some basic and applied aspects of coastal resources management applicable
to conditions in Puerto Galera;
b. To share and exchange information and experiences on wise coastal management
practices;
c. To apply, where applicable, the learning in improving the coastal environmental
conditions of Pto. Galera as these relate to ecotourism and livelihood development;
d. To draft an Action Plan supported by appropriate local regulations emanating from the
gains from the workshop.
3. The "Regional Action Plan to Enhance the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in
Southeast Asia (RAP), (Bangkok, Thailand, 8-11 May 2002)". Funded by the World
Commission on Protected Areas and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of
the U.S., and implemented by the Nature Conservancy Indonesia, this planning workshop
aimed at formulating action projects under specific priority topics of concern to MPAs in
Southeast Asia. One significant output links directly with the UNEP/GEF Project as both
activities deal with the same areal coverage in the region.
4. "Outreach Marine: Puerto Galera Biosphere Reserve" (1-5 October 2002). This was a workshop
undertaken by the National Committee on Marine Sciences with the collaboration of the NSC.
Following up on the activities the Committee undertook in 1997, it aimed:
a. To collate `rankings' of the sites visited;
b. To share experiences;
c. To come up with a preliminary assessment of the progress the Biosphere Reserve
made in the last 5 years;
d. To present the major findings in plenary to get the reaction of the
Community.
5. The "5th International Seagrass Biology Workshop (ISBW-5)" (Ensenada, Mexico, 7-11 October
2002). The fifth in a series of workshops to assessment the state of the world's seagrasses, the
most significant aspect that related to the project was the potential linkage of the database and
the methodology that the existing SeagrassNet/Seagrass Mon have with what the Seagrass
component of the UNEP/GEF project plans. This reporter will request that this topic, among
others of similar nature, be discussed in the meeting in Hue. This reporter has been elected
President of the World Seagrass Association and to sit as such till 2004.
6. "Workshop to Evaluate Methodologies in the Study of Biodiversity in Coastal Ecosystems of
Southeast Asia" (Langkawi, Malaysia, 21-25 October 2002). Funded by the Japan Society for
the Promotion of Science, and implemented through the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, the workshop aimed at
selecting the best methodology in the assessment of coastal and marine biodiversity. For
seagrasses, the SeagrassNet method was presented by this reporter and it was agreed that it
be adopted for the region. In the same spirit, this reporter will recommend to the UNEP/GEF
Project management that the same be adopted in the project.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 13
1.3
Publications
The following materials which are products of the efforts of some of the members of the NSC and which
have direct relevance to Southeast Asia and the South China Sea have been published for the period
2000-2002:
Chapters in Books:
Fortes, MD. 2001. The effects of siltation on tropical coastal ecosystems Chapt. 7, pp. 93-112 in: E.
Wolanski (ed.) Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs CRC Press, Boca Raton 356 p.
Coles, RG. and MD. Fortes. 2001. Protecting seagrass -approaches and methods Chapt. 23, pp. 445-
463 in: F. Short and R.G.Coles (eds.) Global Seagrass Research Methods, Elsevier Science B.V.,
Amsterdam. 473 p.
Fortes, MD, S. Fazi, M. Macasaet, O. Aymard, G. Gol-lod, T. Almonte, D. Cajillo, and R. Magbanua.
2001. Seagrass-fish interaction: A community-based experimental fish farm in Ulugan Bay Chapt. 3.
pp. 91-109 in: L. David and S. Fazi (eds.), vol 111. An integrated management model, Coastal
Resources Management, Ulugan Bay, Palawan Island, the Philippines, UNESCO-UNDP-Puerto
Princesa City, 193 p.
Fortes, MD and S. Fazi. 2001. Introduction pp. xiii-xxvi in: L. David and S. Fazi (eds.), vol 111. An
integrated management model, Coastal Resources Management, Ulugan Bay, Palawan Island, the
Philippines, UNESCO-UNDP -Puerto Princesa City, 193 p.
Fortes, M.D. and S. Fazi. 2000. Ecology of Ulugan Bay, pp. 1-44 in: S.Fazi and P. Flewwelling (eds.).
Coastal Resources Management Vol. 1. Ecology, Culture and Socioeconomics. UNESCO-UNDP-
Puerto Princesa City, 218 pp.
Journal articles:
N.S.R. Agawin, C.M. Duarte, M.D. Fortes, J.S. Uri and J.E. Vermaat 2001. Temporal changes in the
abundance, leaf growth and photosynthesis of three co-occurring Philippine seagrasses. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 260 (2001):217-239.
Duarte, C. M., J. Terrados, N. S. R. Agawin and M. D. Fortes. 2000. An experimental test of the
occurrence of competitive interactions among SE Asian seagrasses. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 197: 231-
240.
Lacap, C. D. A., J. E. Vermaat, R. N. Rollon, H. E. Nacorda and M. D. Fortes. 2000. Implications of the
short seed dispersal in the seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L. F.) Royle. In Pergent G., C. Pergent -
Martini, M. C. Buia and M. C. Gambi (eds). Biologia Marina Mediterranea. Proceedings fourth
international seagrass biology workshop. 26 Sept. 2 October 2000. 7(2): 83-86.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 14
Tabulation of Past and On-going Projects on Seagrass
Country: Thailand
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
1986-1994
ASEAN Australia
Australian
Phuket Marine
Andaman Sea,
Species and
Ecology
Coastal Living Resources Government
Biological Center
Gulf of Thailand
distribution of
Project
(PMBC),
seagrass in the
Chulalongkorn
Andaman Sea and
University,
Gulf of Thailand
Burapa University,
Prince of Songkhla
University
1996-2000
Management on
Department of
PMBC
Andaman Sea
Management
Seagrass Resources and Fisheries
conservation of Dugong
1997
ASEAN Australia
Australian
PMBC
Andaman Sea
Database for
Management
Coastal Living Resources Government
management in
Project
Phang-Nga Bay
2000-2001
Survey of Dugong along
Ocean Park,
PMBC
Andaman Sea,
Ecology
the Andaman Coast
Hong Kong
esp. at Talibong
and Muk Island,
Trang Province
2002
Study on Population and
Department of
PMBC
Andaman Sea
Biology
Biology of Dugong
Fisheries
2002
Survey of Dugong in
Department of
PMBC
Andaman Sea
Ecology
Phang-Nga Bay
Fisheries
1998-1999
Effects of Grazing and
Japanese Ministry
Kasetsart
Had Chao Mai
Publications on:
Ecology
Disturbance by Dugongs
of Education,
University
National Park,
1. Physical and
and Turtles on Tropical
Science and
Trang Province
chemical environment
Seagrass Ecosystems
Culture,
2. Structure and
Monbusho, for
dynamics of seagrass
Japan Thailand
communities and
Cooperative
associated flora
Researches
3. Interaction
between seagrasses
and associated fauna
4. Effect of dugongs
herbivory on seagrass
and associated
community
2000-2002
Screening of Seagrass
National Research To screen seagrass
Kasetsart University Collect seagrass
Expected
Utilization
Extracts for Biological
Council of
extracts for potential
around Thailand
biomedicine form
Study
Thailand (NRCT)
biomedicine
for bioactive
seagrass
compound test
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 15
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
2001-2003
Conservation of Tropical
Japanese
1. Quantitative
Kasetsart
Andaman Sea
Ecology
Seagrass Beds with
Ministry of
evaluation of impact
University
esp. at Had Chao
Manage-ment
Special Reference to
Education,
caused by terrestrial
Mai Marine
their Role on Function of
Science and
human activities on
National Park,
Coastal Ecosystem
Culture,
seagrass ecosystem
Trang Province
Monbusho, for
in tropical regions
Japan Thailand
2. To provide scientific
Cooprative
basis to propose
researches
desirable plan for
maintaining healthy
seagrass ecosystem
in future
2002-
Approach for Applying
NRCT
1. Develop technique
Kasetsart
Andaman Sea
Mapping on species
Mapping and
Related to Plant
ongoing
Space Technology in
Kasetsart
of remote sensing for
University
Had Chao Mai
and distribution of
Inventory
Genetics
Identifying Seagrass
University
defining seagrass
Marine National
seagrass
Conservation
Beds
Research
beds
Park, Trang
Project under the
Development
2. To assess rightness
Province and
Royal Initiative of
Institute
of remote sensing
Kuraburi, Phang-
Her Royal Highness
(KURDI)
technique
Nga Province
Princess Maha
3. Mapping species
Chakri Sirinthorn
and distribution of
seagrass
2001-
Survey on Seagrass in
Plant Genetics
Survey on species and Kasetsart
Gulf of Thailand
Species &
Ecology
on-going
the Gulf of Thailand
Conservation
distribution of
University and
Sattahip Islands,
Distribution
Project under the
seagrass
Marine Science
Chomporn
Royal Initiative of
Institution, Burapa
Islands, Kud
Her Royal
University
Islands
Highness Princess
Maha Chakri
Sirinthorn
2002-
Diversity of Species and
NRCT
Survey on species and Kasetsart
Gulf of Thailand
Species &
Ecology
Related to Plant
ongoing
Distribution of Marine
distribution of
University and
Distribution
Genetics
Organisms in Coral Reefs
seagrass
Marine Science
Conservation Project
at Koh Kram Vicinity,
Institution, Burapa
under the Royal
Chonburi Province
University
Initiative of Her Royal
Highness Princess
Maha Chakri
Sirinthorn
2003-2008
Long term Monitoring
NRCT
Survey on species and Kasetsart
Gulf of Thailand
Species &
Ecology
Related to Plant
on Marine Environment
distribution of
University and
Sattahip Islands,
Distribution
Genetics
and Marine Biodiversity
seagrass
Marine Science
Conservation Project
at Sataheeb Islands,
Institution, Burapa
under the Royal
Chonburi Province
University
Initiative of Her Royal
Highness Princess
Maha Chakri
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 16
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
Maha Chakri
Sirinthorn
1990-
Survey and Research on
Royal Forestry
Marine National
Libong Island, Kao 1. Population of
Biology
on-going
Population of Dugong
Department and
Park Division,
Bae Na, and Had
dugong
and Seagrass Beds
Wildlife
Royal Forestry
Chao Mai National 2. Behavior of Dugong
Conservation
Department
Park, Trang
Society-Thailand
Province
2000-
Study on Diversity and
Royal Forestry
Marine National
2000
1. Species and
Ecology
on-going
Distribution of Seagrass
Department
Park Division,
1. Had
distribution of seagrass
in Marine National Park
Royal Forestry
Nopparatthara-Mu 2. Mapping of
Department
Koh Phi Phi Marine seagrass
National Park,
3. Guidelines to
Krabi Province
mitigation for
2. Laemson Marine protection and
National Park,
reversing
Ranong Province
environmental
3. Mu Koh
degradation in the
Chumphon Marine seagrass beds
National Park,
Chumphon
Province
2001
1. Mu Koh Lanta
Marine National
Park, Krabi
Province
2. Mu Koh Petra
Marine National
Park, Satun
Province
3. Tarn Boke
Koranee Marine
National Park,
Krabi Province
2002
1. Tarutao Marine
National Park,
Satun Province
2. Mu Koh Payam
Marine National
Park, Ranong
Province
3. Mu Ko Similan
Marine National
Park, Phang Nga
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 17
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
Park, Phang Nga
Province
2000-2001
Designation of Seagrass
Australian
1. Promote a better
Marine National
Had Chao Mai
1. A better capability
Protected Areas and the
Government
capability of protecting Park Division,
Marine National
of protecting the
Participation of Fisherfolk
the seagrass habitat
Royal Forestry
Park, Trang
seagrass habitat and
Communities on
and the Dugong
Department
Province
the dugong.
Sustainable Uses of
2. Promote a
2. A sustainable uses
Seagrass Protected Area,
sustainable uses of
of seagrass ecosystem
Trang Province
seagrass ecosystem
based on the
based on the
cooperation between
cooperation between
marine park officer and
marine park officer and
local communities,
local communities,
aiming at defense and
aiming at defense and
rehabilitation of
rehabilitation of
seagrass ecosystems.
seagrass ecosystem
1996-1997
Preliminary Experiments
Marine Science
Marine Science
Makham Pom
1. Relation of
Restoration
on Seagrasses
Institution,
Institution, Burapa
Bay, Gulf of
environmental factors
Tranplantation in
Burapa University
University
Thailand
seagrass coverage
Different Seasons
and biomass
2. Annual change of
seagrass coverage
and biomass
2001-2002
Effect of Environmental
Marine Science
Marine Science
Makham Pom
Environ-
Factors on Coverage and Institution,
Institution, Burapa
Bay, Gulf of
mental
Biomass of Seagrass
Burapa University
University
Thailand
Impacts
1997-1998
The Study of Seagrass
Government
OEPP
Andaman Sea
1. Mapping
Management,
Beds Classification Maps
and Gulf of
seagrass areas
Mapping, &
and Development Of
Thailand
2. Draft
Inventory
National Management
management plan
and Action Plan for
Seagrass Beds
Conservation
1998
Kung Krabane Bay
Government
1. Study and develop
Kung Krabane
Kung Krabane
Conserve and
Management
ongoing
Coastal Resources
sustainable coastal
Bay Royal
Bay, Gulf of
manage seagrass in
Management
zone management
Development
Thailand
Kung Krabane Bay
2. Center for training
Study Center
for nursery juvenile
and education coastal
(Kung Krabane
and larvae of marine
zone management for
Bay Fisheries
organisms, and to be
government and
Development
the area for
private agencies
Study Center)
absorbing excessive
3. Improve standard of
nutrients of shrimp
living and career of
farms around the bay
local people around
Kung Krabane Bay
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 18
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
Kung Krabane Bay
and vicinity
4. Develop fisheries
and coastal
aquaculture to
increase national
production and
baseline for fishery
development
5. Conserve
environmental and
natural resources
2001-
Coastal Wetlands Policy
WWF
Develop greater
Wildlife Fund
Andaman Sea
1. Strengthening the Management
ongoing
and Conservation
equitable and
Thailand
and Gulf of
networking of capacity
Awareness Project
sustainable fishery
Thailand
of fisherfolk and other
policies and practice
community
organizations
2. Develop and
strengthen community
organizations and
leader ship of small-
scale fishermen to
represent their
interests
3. Improved
enforcement of coastal
conservation
legislation in 4 target
sites
4. Policy proposal for
reform of national
fisheries and forestry
laws and policies to
reflect interests of
small fishermen
5. Reduction of push
nets from the Pattani
demonstration site
6. Increased
awareness on impacts
of destructive fishing
gear and the need for
policy reform for
equitable and
sustainable fisheries
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 19
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objective
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subjecti
Remarks
Agencies
sustainable fisheries
management
7. Database on
relevant laws, policies,
research, developed
for policy reform and
awareness campaign
Ongoing
Coastal Zone
DANCED
1. Reinforce strength
Coastal Zone
Andaman Sea
Management
Management through
of local fisheries
Management
and Gulf of
Communities
organization to be able through
Thailand
Organization and
to manage itself
Communities
Netw ork in Southern
2. Local fishermen are organization and
Project
able to participate in
network in Southern
develop policy and
Project (under
their standard of living
Sustainable
3. Local fishermen
Development
participate in planning
Foundation)
and manage coastal
resources
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 20
Summary of Presentations: Tabulation of Past and On-going Projects on Seagrass
Country: Vietnam
Year
Project Title
Funding Agency
Objectives
Implementing
Study Sites
Outputs
Subject
Remarks
Agencies
1989-1991
Rational
Vietnam
Hai Phong
Data and
4 species of
utilization of
government
Quang Ninh
information
seagrass:
typical
Coastal Zone
Halophila ovalis,
ecosystems:
H. beccarii,
coral reefs,
Zostera japonica,
estuaries,
Ruppica maritima
lagoons -
KT.03.11
Surveying sea
Vietnam
survey
Hai Phong
Data and
product resources
government
Quang Ninh
information
- KT.03.08
Coastal Zone
1994-1995
EAS-35
UNEP/EAS/RCU
To document
Data and
10 species of
impact of
information
seagrass:
watershed
activities on
Z. japonica, H.
seagrass habitat
pinifolia, H
uninervis, H.
ovalis, H. beccarri,
Enhalus acoroides,
Thalassia
hemorichii,
Cymodocea
rotundata, C.
serrulata, Ruppia
maritima
1996
Rational exploitation Vietnam
Tam Giang-Cau
Data and
6 species of
of the Tam Giang-
government
Hau Lagoon, Thua
information
seagrass:
Cau Hau Lagoon,
Thien Hue
Thua Thien Hue
Province
Z. japonica, H.
Province -
pinifolia, H. ovalis,
KT.DL.04-09
H. becarii, T.
hemprichii, R.
maritima
1996-1998
Species
Con Dao Islands,
8 species of
composition and
Ba Ria - Vung Tau
seagrasses:
distribution of
Province
seagrasses in Con
H. univervis,
Dao Islands
Syringoidum
isoetifolium, H.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 21
isoetifolium, H.
ovalis,
Thalassondendron
ciliatum, H.
decipiesn, T.
hemprichii, C.
rotundata, C.
serrulata
E. acoroides,
H. pinifolia,
2002
Seagrasses of
Publication
15 species of
Vietnam
seagrasses
throughout the
country:
Z. japonica
Z. marina
H. Pinofrlia
H. uninervis,
H. ovalis
H. beccarii, H.
decipiens, H. mino,
Enhalus acoroides,
T. hemprichii,
Thalassodendron
ciliatum,
Cymodocea
rotundata, C.
serrulata,
Syringodium
izoetifolium,
Ruppia maritima
2001-2005
Marine Science and Vietnam
Technology Program government
and Program on
Appropriate Use of
Natural Resources
and Environmental
Protection
Includes the
following projects:
- establishment of
marine meta-
database;
surveys of fish
reserves;
scientific
delineation of
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 22
delineation of
continental
shelves;
occurrence and
prevention of soil
erosion;
surveys of coastal
islands;
surveys of marine
organisms of
pharmaceutical
values;
studies on
interaction at
coastal zones and
estuaries;
environmental
monitoring
programme;
Investigation of
measures for
protecting and
restoriyng
disturbed seagrass
and coral reef
ecosystems;
Additional surveys
of Tonkin Gulf
Assessment of red WESTPAC
tides and studies
on poisonous
algae in Vietnam's
sea areas
Environmental
ASEAN-Canada
Standards and
Pollution
Monitoring
Living Coastal
ASEAN-Australia
Resources Project:
database and GIS
technology
Vietnam-Canada
Vietnam - Canada
Da Nang
Environment
Programme
Marine
Vietnam - Swedish
Environment
International
Project: Pollution
Development
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 5
Page 23
Project: Pollution
Development
and Management
Agency
of Marine
Resources
Surveys and
Vietnam -
Assessment of sea Denmark
fish and
management of
fisheries
Coastal
Vietnam -
Management:
Netherlands
Impact of Water
Level Rise due to
Green House
Effect
2002-2005
Investigation of
Vietnam
To determine
measures for
scientific bases for
protecting and
restoration of
restoring seagrass
seagrass
and coral
meadows;
ecosystems - KC-
To develop
09-07:
methods and
techniques for
transplantation
and restoration of
seagrass
meadows
Keywords:
Biology (growth, reproduction)
Ecology (distribution, density)
Management
Socio-economics
Restoration
Environment Impacts
Economic valuation
Utilisation
Mappping and inventory
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 6
Page 1
ANNEX 6
An Overview of the Past and On-Going Projects
in Participating Countries: Questionnaire and Results
COUNTRY:
1.
What are the objectives of the seagrass projects in your country?
· Biodiversity assessment
· Socio-economic evaluation
· Management / Protection
· ICZM Planning
· Others
(specify:.......................)
2.
Do you know where the seagrass are located (distributed) in your country?
· Yes, for most areas
· Yes, for some areas
· No, only in very small areas
3.
Percentage (estimate) of the seagrass that has already been surveyed for any of the objectives
in question no.1:
· <25%
· 25-50%
· 50-75%
· 75-100%
4.
Is there enough information to address SG management issues in your country?
· Yes, for most of the SGs (>75%)
· Yes, for 50-75% of the SGs
· Yes, for 25-50% of the SGs
· Yes, for less than 25% of the SGs
5.
Information gaps in addressing management issues:
Percentage of SGs
<25% 25-50% 50-75% >75%
· Biodiversity and ecology
· Geo-physical parameters
· Socio-economic importance
· Users conflicts
· Threats
· .............................................
6.
Why are there gaps in the above information?
·
Lack of trained personnel to collect information
·
Lack of fund or financial support
·
Remote areas with inadequate logistical support
·
..............................................................
·
..............................................................
·
..............................................................
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 6
Page 2
7.
What are the outputs & outcomes of the SG projects in your country so far?
· Increase in number of reports and publications
· Create public awareness of the status of the SG resources
· Knowledge of threats to the SGs
· Establishment of new MPAs
· Identification of new dive sites for the tourism industry
· Increase number of tourists visiting your SGs
· Introduction of new legislations to protect SGs
· Better fishery management
· Improve the socio-economic condition of the community
· Attract more scientists to conduct SG research
· Public and community involvement in SG management
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 6
Page 3
Summary of Questionnaire Results: General Overview of the Past and On-Going Projects on Seagrass in Participating Countries
Cambodia China
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
1. The objectives of country's seagrass
projects:
· Biodiversity assessment
· Socio-economic assessment
· Management/protection/conservation
· ICZM planning
· Others (research, education,
awareness)
· restoration
2. Knowledge of the distribution of seagrass
· Yes, for most areas
· Yes, for some areas
· No, only in very small areas
3. Estimate of SGs already surveyed
· <25%
· 25-50%
· 50-75%
· >75%
4. Adequacy of info. to address mgmt. issues
· Yes, for >75% of the SGs
· Yes, for 50-75% of the SGs
· Yes, for 25-50% of the SGs
· Yes, for <25% of the SGs
5. Info. Gaps in addressing mgmt. issues
· Biodiversity and ecology
>75%
25-50%
25-50%
>75%
25-50%
25-50%
25-50%
· Physico-chemical parameters
>75 %
25-50%
25-50%
>75%
<25%
<25%
25-50%
· Socio-economic benefits
>75 %
50-75%
>75%
>75%
<25%
0
25-50%
· User conflict
50-75%
50-75%
>75%
>75%
<25%
<25%
<25%
· Threats
50-75%
<25%
25-50%
25-50%
25-50%
<25%
25-50%
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 6
Page 4
6. Why are there information gaps?
· Lack of trained personnel to collect
info.
· Lack of fund or financial support
· Inadequate logistical support
· Disinterest
· Not in National agenda
· Low awareness on seagrass
7. Outputs & outcomes of the SG projects
· Increase in number of reports and
publication
· Create public awareness of the SG
resources
· Knowledge of threats to SGs
· Establishment of new MPAs
· Increase in number of tourists visiting
your SGs
· Introd.'n of new legislations to protect
SGs
· Better fishery management
· Improve socio-econ. condition of
community
· Attract scientists to conduct SG
research
· Community involvement in SG mgmt.
· Integrate SG science into mgmt.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 7
Page 1
ANNEX 7
Compilation of Seagrass Sites Identified and Characterised in the Participating Countries
Country
Location
Coordinates
Characterisation
Remarks
Cambodia
Annex 7
GIS form
Sihanoukville:
For all Cambodian seagrass sites identified, data and information are very
limited to the distribution of sites along the coast and the information on
possible species of seagrass in each site.
Koh Tang
The information on the distribution will be entered in the appropriate GIS
forms.
Koh Tas
Koh Tres
Poy Independent
Poy Sokha
Poy Tamouk
Poy Ocheuteul
Koh Kong Province
Kompot Province
Kep Province
China
Lian Gulf, Hainan
18º25', 110º03'
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
Xincun Gulf, Hainan
18º24',109º58'
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
Beimu Guangxi
21º35',
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
109º40'
Yingluo Bay, Guangxi
21º27',
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
109º45'
Dianzhousha, Guangxi
21º28',
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
109º42'
Danshuikou, Guangxi
21º28',
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
109º40'
Liusha Bay, Guangdong
20º26', 109º57'
Secondary data and information are being gathered for seagrass sites.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 7
Page 2
Indonesia
Senayang Linga,
These are the islands with seagrass beds and within the "South
Riau Province
China Sea", as defined by the National Technical Working Group for
Indonesia.
Bintang Islands
Natuna Islands
The formats for the characterisation of the sites have been
presented to the National Committee for Seagrass.
Malaysia
Peninsula Malaysia
Data and information on these sites in Peninsular Malaysia are
available from governmental reports and research articles. These
will be gathered and presented in the appropriate forms.
Johor Strait
Setil Lagoon, Tioman Island
East Malaysia
In East Sabah, most of the data and information are in theses and a
few articles on taxonomic descriptions. A national study on
seagrass is currently being conducted from Sabah on the seagrass
distribution, dugong distribution, and fisheries on seagrass.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Park
Mantanani Islands
North Borneo Islands
Philippines
Fuga Island
18.83,121.33
NA-G5
Escarpada Point
18.56,122.2
NA-G
Cape Bolinao
16.4,119.89
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project.
Masinloc-Oyon Bay
15.5,119.91
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project. Data and information are being entered in the appropriate
formats.
Puerto Galera
13.5,121.02
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project.
Malampaya Sound
11.16,119.36
NA-G
Bacuit Bay
10.8,119.43
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project. Data and information are being entered in the appropriate
formats.
5 NA-G - Not Available but can be generated.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 7
Page 3
Ulugan Bay
10.11,118.8
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project.
Honda Bay, Puerto Princesa
9.87,118.91
Selected for seagrass subcomponent of the South China Sea
Project. Data and information are being entered in the appropriate
formats.
Bugsuk Island
8.23,117.41
NA-G
Thailand
Kuta Bay
Data and information are being input into GIS and appropriate form.
Suratthani Bay
Data and information are being input into GIS and appropriate form.
Patani Bay
Data and information are being input into GIS and appropriate form.
Panga Bay
Data and information are being input into GIS and appropriate form.
Vietnam
The distribution of the seagrass beds listed here have been input in
GIS and mapped.
Tam Giang - Cau Hai
160.14'-160.42'N,
107o22'-107o57'E
Cam Ranh Bay
12007'-12o48'N,
109o06-109o16'E
Con Dao
(Ba Ria -Vung Tau)
Gia Luan - Cat Ba
20o51'02''N,
106o58'59''E
Gianh River
17o40'-17o47'N,
106o23'-106o30'E
Lang Co
16o13'00''-
(Thua Thien-Hue)
16o15'30''N,
108o2'00''-
108o5'30''E
Phu Quy Island
10o29'-10o33'N,
108o55'-108o58'E
Phu Quoc
10o00'-10o-30'N,
103o50-104o05'E
Van Phong Bay
12o24'-12o48'N,
109o11-109o26'E
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 1
ANNEX 8
Chronology of National and Local Legislation Relevant to the Concerns of the Seagrass
Habitat - An Example from the Philippines
Legislation
Title/Description
Republic Act No. 9003 (2001)
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
Republic Act No. 8550 (1998)
Fisheries Code, clarifies jurisdiction of municipalities and cities in the
management of municipal waters to include functions pertaining to
enforcement, legislation, regulation of f ishing activities, conservation and
planning
Republic Act No. 8435 (1997)
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act, provides extension services
to municipalities and provides for agriculture and fisheries zoning plan
irrespective of political boundaries
Republic Act 8371 (1997)
Indigenous Peoples Right Act (IPRA)
Executive Order No. 6 (1996)
Institutionalized the multi-sectoral committee on coastal development plan
Executive Order No. 240 (1995)
Creation of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Committees
(FARMCs) in coastal barangays, cities and municipalities
Republic Act No. 7942 (1995)
The Philippine Mining Act
Republic Act No. 7881 (1994)
Amendments to RA 6657, Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law,
pertaining to coverage of fishponds
Executive Order No. 117 (1993)
Created the Inter-Agency Task Force on Coastal Environment Protection
(IATFCEP)
Republic Act No. 7586 (1992)
National Integrated Protected Area Systems Act
Republic Act No. 7160 (1991)
Local Government Code
Republic Act No. 7061 (1991)
The People's Small Scale Mining Act
Republic Act No. 7161 (1991)
Amendments to National Internal Revenue Code of 1977, bans the cutting
of all mangrove species
Republic Act No. 6969 (1990)
The Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act
Executive Order No. 192 (1986)
Establishes the jurisdiction of DENR in the use of all public lands including
foreshore areas
Presidential Decree No. 1151 (1986?)
Philippine Environment Policy declares it a policy of the State to create,
develop, maintain, and improve conditions under which man and nature
can thrive in productive and enjoyable harmony with each other; fulfill the
social, economic, and other requirements of present and future
generations of Filipinos, and ensure the attainment of an environmental
quality conducive to life and well-being. It also laid the basis for requiring
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for all projects and programs that
affect environmental quality.
Presidential Proclamation No. 2146 (1981)
Identifies environmentally critical projects, heavy industries, resource
extractive industries and infrastructure projects. Also defines
environmentally critical areas including all declared protected areas, critical
habitats of wildlife, prime agricultural lands, mangrove areas and coral
reefs, areas of significant historical, cultural or aesthetic values and areas
often hit by natural calamities.
Presidential Proclamation No. 1801 (1978)
Puerto Galera Biosphere Reserve
UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme (1977)
Presidential Decree No. 354 (1973)
Presidential Decree No. 1067 (1976)
Water Code of the Philippines, establishes recreation/easement zones in
banks of rivers and streams and shores of seas and lakes
Presidential Decree No. 1586 (1976)
The Environmental Impact Statement System
Presidential Decree No. 984 (1976)
The National Pollution Control Law
Presidential Decree No. 979 (1976)
The Marine Pollution Decree
Commonwealth Act No. 141 (1936)
The Public Land Act
a policy document that provides general guidelines for air quality
management, water management, land use management, and natural
resources management and conservation. The water quality management
provisions are concerned mainly with freshwater resources, but the
management of these resources is also of concern to fisheries
management since a number of freshwater rivers and lakes form part of
the inland fisheries resources
Republic Act No. 9147
The Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act
Republic Act No. 7611
The Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act, creating a special
environmental management regime for the island-province of Palawan
and sets up the multi-sectoral Palawan Council for Sustainable
Development as the administering authority
Presidential Decree No. 474
The Maritime Industry Development Decree
Presidential Decree No. 825
Penalizes the improper disposal of garbage and other forms of
uncleanliness
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 2
uncleanliness
Presidential Decree No. 857
Sharing of port management between the Philippine Ports Authority and
the local government units (LGUs)
Presidential Decree No. 1152
Philippine Environment Code, prescribes environmental quality standards
for air, water, land, fisheries and aquatic resources, wildlife, soil, etc.
Presidential Decree No. 1198
Requires the rehabilitation of damaged foreshore areas to their original
condition
Executive Order 114
Created the Presidential Committee on Illegal Fishing and Marine
Conservation
Executive Order No. 263
Establishes the community-based forest management
Executive Order No. 247
Bioprospec ting law
Commonwealth Act No. 383
Prohibits the dumping into any river of any refuse, waste, matter or
substances of any kind whatsoever that may bring about the rise or filling
of river beds or cause artificial alluvial formations
National Marine Policy
Adopts the archipelagic nature of the Philippines in development planning,
implementation of UNCLOS and all maritime and coastal concerns
Philippine Agenda 21
The national agenda for sustainable development for the 21st century
Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan
The blueprint that spells out the development strategy to boost, among
(MTPDP)
others industry, trade and tourism
1.
LAWS DECLARING MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SIDE OF
THE PHILIPPINES UNDER NIPAS
Legislation
Title
Location
Republic Act No. 8991 (amending PP No. 335)
Batanes Protected Landscape &
Batanes
(2001)
Seascape
Presidential Proclamation No. 277 (2000)
Agoo-Damortis Protected
Agoo, Sto. Tomas & Rosarion, La
Landscape & Seascape
Union
Presidential Proclamation No. 342 (2000)
Malampaya Sound Protected
Taytay & San Vicente
Landscape & Seascape
Presidential Proclamation No. 212 (1999)
Puerto Princesa Subteranean
Puerto Princesa, Palawan
Natural Park
Presidential Proclamation No. 32 (1998)
El Nido Managed Resource Reserve El Nido, Palawan
Presidential Proclamation No. 868 (1996)
Apo Reef Natural Park
Sablayan, Mindoro Occidental
Presidential Proclamation No. 447 (1994)
Palaui Island Natural Reserve
Sta. Ana, Cagayan
Presidential Proclamation No. 231 (1993)
Masinloc & Oyon Bays Marine
Masinloc & Oyon, Zambales
Reserve
2.
MAJOR POLICIES THAT INFLUENCED DENR'S ROLE IN COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR Administrative Order No. 8 (2002)
Strengthening of the CEP by establishing the Coastal and Marine Management
Office
Republic Act NO. 7942 (1995)
The Philippine Mining Act is approved
DENR Administrative Order No. 19 (1993)
Establishes the CEP
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 (1992)
Defines scope of devolved DENR functions to LGUs
Republic Act No. 7586 (1992)
NIPAS Law declares eight categories of protected areas, including protected
seascapes under the administration of DENR-PAWB
Republic Act No. 7076 (1991)
A People's Small-Scale Mining Program is established and placed under the
supervision of the DENR
Republic Act No. 6969 (1990)
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act
Executive Order No. 292 (1987)
Mandates DENR to exercise responsibility for the exploration and development of
natural resources, including fisheries
Executive Order No. 967 (1984)
BFAR is transferred from the Ministry of Natural Resources to the Ministry of
Agriculture and Food. However, jurisdictional authority over management of marine
environment, including coral reefs and other marine habitats, remains with the
Ministry of Natural Resources
Presidential Decree No. 1586 (1978)
The Philippine Environmental Impact Assessment System is established under the
administration of DENR
Presidential Decree No. 979 (1976)
The marine pollution decree vests on DENR-Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB) the authority to promulgate laws governing marine pollution
Presidential Decree No. 705 (1975)
Releases to BFAR mangrove areas suitable for fishpond development; establishes
mangrove areas needed for forest purposes
Presidential Decree No. 825 (1975)
Penalizes improper disposal of garbage
Joint DA -DENR MOA No. 1
Delineates and defines functions and responsibilities of the DA -BFAR and DENR in
the implementation of the Fisheries Code
DENR Administrative Order No. 17
Guidelines for the delineation and delimitation of municipal waters
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 3
3.
KEY LEGISLATION THAT INFLUENCED BFAR'S ROLE IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN
THE LAST 40 YEARS
Legislation
Title/Description
Republic Act No. 8435 (1997)
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
Republic Act No. 7160 (1991)
Local Government Code, devolves specific fishery management functions
(regulatory and enforcement)
Executive Order No. 292 (1987)
Assigns to both DA and DENR fisheries -related functions
Presidential Decree No. 704 (1975)
BFAR's mandates include development and management of the country's fisheries
Republic Act No. No. 3512 (1963)
Created the Philippine Fisheries Commission
4.
LAWS PROVIDING OTHER NATIONAL AGENCIES WITH SPECIFIC AND IMPLIED
MANDATES FOR CRM
Legislation
Title/Description
Republic Act No. 6975
Reorganizing the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), creating the Local
Government Sector and the Interior or Public Safety Sector
Also created the Philippine National Commission-Maritime Command (PNP-MARICOM),
which has been vested with the authority to perform all police functions over Philippine
territorial waters and rivers, coastal areas from the shore line to one mile inland to include
ports and harbors and small islands of two miles in length or diameter with less than 1000
population
Republic Act No. 5173
Mandates the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) to enforce coastal management
Executive Order No. 125
Mandates the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), through MARINA,
PPA and PCG, as the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing,
regulating and administrative entity of the executive branch of government in the promotion,
development, and regulation of dependable and coordinated networks of transportation and
communication systems
Executive Order No. 128
Turns over the Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development
(PCAMRD) to the Department of Science and Technology as one of its sectoral planning
councils
5.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO POLLUTION
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR Administrative Order No. 34 (2001)
Implementing rules and regulations on the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act
DENR Administrative Order No. 29 (2001)
Institutionalizing Integrated Water Resources Management in DENR
programs and projects
DENR Administrative Order No. 82 (2000)
Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework and Air Quality Control
Action Plan
DENR Administrative Order No. 05 (2000)
Revising DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 94-11, supplementing DAO
No. 96-37 and providing for Programmatic Compliance Procedures within
the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System
DENR Administrative Order No. 03 (2000)
Interim implementing rules and regulations of Republic Act No. 8749, "The
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
DENR Administrative Order No. 101 (2000)
Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the National Pollution Control
Commission (1978) incorporating permit regulations governing mine wastes
and mill tailings storage structures
PPA MC No. 10, s. 2000
Nationwide Implementation of PPA Solid Waste Management System (PPA
Memorandum Circular No. 35-2000)
DOE Circular No. 98-02-003
Amending Department Circular No. 95-10-008, Directing All Operators of Oil
Rigs or Platforms, Power Plants, Oil tankers and Barges carrying, producing,
or utilizing Crude Oil-Based Products to Report All Oil Spills or
Environmental Incidents to the Department of Energy
DENR Administrative Order No. 63 (1998)
Guidelines for the designation of DENR recognized environmental
laboratories
DENR Administrative Order No. 50 (1998)
Adopting the Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria for municipal
solid waste disposal facilities
DENR Administrative Order No. 49 (1998)
Technical guidelines for municipal solid waste disposal
DENR Administrative Order No. 47 (1998)
Implementing rules and regulations (IRR) for mandating the phase-out of
leaded gasoline as one of the means of solving air pollution
DENR Administrative Order No. 46 (1998)
1998 revised rules and regulations for the prevention, control and abatement
of air pollution from motor vehicles
DENR Administrative Order No. 39 (1997)
Chemical Control Order for cyanide and cyanide compounds
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 4
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR Administrative Order No. 23 (1997)
Updating Departments Administrative Order No. 34, Series of 1990
otherwise known as the Revised Water Usage Classification/Water Quality
Criteria amending Section Nos. 68 and 69, Chapter III of the 1978 NPCC
rules and regulations
DENR Administrative Order No. 34
Water quality criteria for conventional pollutants and toxic substances for
DENR Administrative Order No. 97-23
coastal and marine waters
DENR Administrative Order No. 37-96
Revising DENR Administrative Order No. 21, Series of 1992, to f urther
strengthen the implementation of the Environmental Impact Statement
(EIS) System
PPA AO No. 15-95
Rules and Regulations on the Prevention / Control of Oil, Garbage and
Sewage Waste through the Use of Reception Facilities / collection of Vessel
Refuse
DOE Circular No. 95-10-008
Directing All Operators of Oil Rigs or Platforms, Power Plants, Oil tankers
and Barges carrying, producing, or utilizing Crude Oil-Based Products to
Report All Oil Spills or Environmental Incidents to the Department of Energy
PPA MC No. 7-95
Anti-Pollution Measures within the port zones
DENR Administrative Order No. 51 (1993)
Adoption of the Industrial ECOWATCH System and providing for
implementing guidelines thereof
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 (1992)
Guidelines for the transfer and implementation of DENR functions devolved
to the Local Government Units
DENR Administrative Order No. 35
Effluent standards for conventional pollutants and toxic substances for
protected coastal and marine wastes
DA Administrative Order No. 201
Mandates the formation of a Monitoring, Control and Surveillance System to
combat illegal fishing
MARINA MC No. 128
Revised Guidelines for Tankers and Barges Carrying Oil and Petroleum
Products
6.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO PROTECTED AREAS
Legislation
Title/Description
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 185
Ban on the taking or catching, sale, purchase, possession, and transport
of dolphins
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 185-1
Ban on the taking or catching, sale, purchase, possession, and transport
of whales and porpoises
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 193
Ban on the taking or catching, sale, purchase, possession, and transport
of whale sharks and manta rays
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 208
Conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered fisheries species
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 202
Ban on coral exploitation and exportation
DENR Administrative Order No. 17-01
Guidelines for delineating/delimiting municipal waters
DENR Administrative Order No. 51-00
Guidelines and principles in determining fees for access to and
sustainable use of resources in protected areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 50-00
Rules and regulations governing sanitation cutting on pest-infested
forests
DENR Administrative Order No. 46-00
Guidelines on the establishment of Regional Wildlife Rescue Center
DENR Administrative Order No. 44-00
Amending certain provisions of DAO 96-29 and providing specific
guidelines for the establishment and management of community-based
projects within protected areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 13-00
Guidelines on the implementation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System
(BMS) in protected areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 49-99
Guidelines in the identification, development and implementation of
livelihood activities and opportunities for qualified protected area
occupants
DENR Administrative Order No. 41-98
Guidelines on the establishment and management of Community-Based
Forest Management (CBFM) projects within watershed reservations
DENR Administrative Order No. 33-97
Guidelines on the issuance of permit for the collection and transport of
biological specimens from protected areas for use by DENR Biodiversity
Conservation Programs/Projects
DENR Administrative Order No. 17-97
Establishing the disposition program for confiscated and donated wildlife
in the custody of DENR Wildlife Rescue Centers and similar DENR
facilities and providing guidelines therefore
DENR Administrative Order No. 28-96
Requirements for the deputation of Barangay Volunteers and members of
tribal communities as Field Officers within protected areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 15-95
Revised general guidelines in the implementation of the sub-classification
of forestlands and other inalienable lands of the public domain
DENR Administrative Order No. 2-93
Rules and regulations for the identification, delineation of ancestral land
and domain claims
DENR Administrative Order No. 19 (1993)
Creates the Coastal Environment Program (CEP)
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 5
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR Administrative Order No. 30-92
Guidelines for the Transfer and Implementation of DENR Functions
Devolved to the Local Government Units
DENR Administrative Order No. 28-92
Guidelines in the issuance of special permits for pebble picking along
beaches
DENR Administrative Order No. 25-92
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) implementing
rules and regulations
DENR Administrative Order No. 14 (1991)
El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource and Protected Area/El Nido Marine
Reserve, El Nido, Taytay, Palawan (90,321 has, 60% coastal)
7.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO MANGROVES
Legislation
Title/Description
DA-DENR Joint Memorandum Order No. 1 (2000)
Identifying/defining areas of cooperation and collaboration between the
DA and DENR in the implementation of RA 8550, the Philippine Fisheries
Code.
DA-DENR General Memorandum Order No. 3
Guidelines for cancellation and reversion of FLAs into mangrove
(1991)
forestlands
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 214
Code of practice for aquaculture
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 197
Rules and regulations governing the lease of public lands for fishpond
development
DENR Administrative Order No. 83-00
Guidelines for the management and development of small islands,
including its coastal areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 57-00
Guidelines governing the implementation and management of mangrove
sub-projects under the Forestry Sector Project
DENR Administrative Order No. 50-00
Rules and regulations governing sanitation cutting on pest-infested forests
DENR Administrative Order No. 35-99
Revised guidelines in the implementation of the resource use permit in
Community-Based Forest Management Program
DENR Administrative Order No. 29-96
Rules and regulations for the implementation of Executive Order 263,
otherwise known as the Community-Based Forest Management Strategy
(CBFMS)
DENR Administrative Order No. 10-98
Guidelines on the establishment and management of Community-Based
Forest Management (CBFM) Projects within mangrove areas
DENR Administrative Order No. 19-93
Establishing the Coastal Environment Program (CEP) and providing funds
thereof
DENR Administrative Order No. 16-93
Guidelines for implementation of the Forestry Sector Project
DENR Administrative Order No. 17-92
Delineation of functions and implementation of the Integrated Social
Forestry Program after the devolution of functions to the Local Government
Units (LGUs)
DENR Administrative Order No. 03-91
Policy and guidelines for the award and administration of the Mangrove
Stewardship Agreement
DENR Administrative Order No. 34 (1991)
Guidelines for issuance of environmental compliance certificates (ECCs)
for fishpond development
DENR Administrative Order No. 15 (1990)
Regulations governing management of mangroves
DENR Administrative Order No. 7 (1989)
Suspends acceptance of prospecting permits in reservations
DENR Administrative Order No. 76 (1987)
Establishes buffer zones in coastal and estuarine mangrove areas
MNR Administrative Order No. 42 (1986)
Expands mangrove buffer zones in typhoon prone areas
8.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO FORESHORE
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR Administrative Order No. 34 (1999)
Rules and regulations governing the administration, management and
development of foreshore areas, marshy lands and other lands bordering
bodies of water
DENR Administrative Order No. 05-97
Procedures in the retention of areas within certain distances along the banks of
rivers, streams, and shores of seas, lakes and oceans for environmental
protection
DENR BL Office Circular 70-4, s. 1986
Implementing Lands Administrative Order No. 47 dated 13 December 1984
governing the share of government in the sub-leasing of improvements of
lands covered by leases
DENR BL Office Circular No. 70, s. 1979
Rules and Regulations governing the Management of Government Lands
covered by subsisting leases and the Management and Disposition of Lands
covered by expired leases and of existing improvements thereon
DENR BL Circular No. 51, s. 1978
Additional Condition in Lease Contracts Involving Foreshore Areas
DENR BL General Circular No. 36, s. 1978
Supreme Court Doctrines on Foreshore Lease Applications as Enunciated in
Santulan vs. Executive Secretary (G.R. No. L-28021), December 23, 1977
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 6
9.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO FISHERIES
Legislation
Title/Description
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 218
Yearly report on aquaculture projects
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 217
Obstruction to defined migration paths
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 216
Obstruction to navigation in streams, rivers, lakes and bays
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 215
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 214
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 212
Guidelines on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 211
Requirements for pre-processing and processing plants and Standard
Sanitary Operating Procedures thereof and the processing and quality
requirements of shellfish
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 210
Rules and regulations on the exportation of fresh, chilled and frozen fish
and fishery/aquatic products
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 209
Guidelines on the production, harvesting, handling and transportation of
shellfish for implementation of the local government
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 208
Conservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 207
Prohibiting the importation and culture of imported live shrimp and
prawn of all stages
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 206
Disposal of confiscated fish and other items in fishing through
explosives and noxious or poisonous substances
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 204
Restricting the use of superlights in fishing
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 203
Ban on fishing by means of muro-ami and the like destructive to coral
reefs and other marine habitat
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 202
Ban on coral exploitation and exportation
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 201
Ban on fishing with active gear
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 200
Guidelines in implementing Sec. 87 (Poaching in Philippine waters) of
the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 199
Guidelines on fish transshipment
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 198
Rules and regulations on commercial fishing
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 197
Rules and regulations governing the lease of public lands for fishpond
development
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 196
Guidelines on the creation and implementation of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resource Management Councils
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 193
Prohibits the capture, sale, purchase, possession, transport and export
of whale sharks and manta rays
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 190
Regulation of pa-aling fishing in Philippine waters, and prohibits pa-
aling in municipal waters
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 185
Bans the capture, sale, possession, transport and purchase of dolphins
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 168-2
Prohibits the collection of marine mollusks
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 168
DA-BFAR Fisheries Administrative Order No. 158
DAR-DA Joint Administrative Order No. 18 (1991)
Rules and guidelines governing the distribution of cancelled or expired
Fishpond Lease Agreements (FLAs) under EO 407 as amended by EO
448
10.
Administrative Issuances Related to Coastal Tourism
Legislation
Title/Description
DENR BL General Circular No. 81 (1981)
Rules and regulations governing the acceptance, processing and disposition
of public land applications inside tourist zones and marine reserves
DOT, 26 Aug 1992
Rules and regulations to govern the accreditation of hotels, tourist inns,
motels, apartelles, resorts, pension houses and similar establishments
DOT, 20 Apr 1992
Rules and regulations to govern the accreditation of tourist establishments
DOT, 1 Mar 1989
Rules and regulations to govern the business and operations of resorts
DOT, 1 Mar 1989
Rules and regulations to govern the business of tourist transport operations
Phil. Commission on Sports Scuba Diving, 15
Rules and regulations governing the business of Sports Scuba Diving in the
May 1992
Philippines
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 7
11.
SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUANCES RELATED TO THE ROLE OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT UNITS
Legislation
Title/Description
DA-DILG Joint Administrative Order No. 3 (1996)
Rules on preferential treatment of small fisherfolk
DA-DILG-DENR-DOJ Joint Memorandum Order No. 2 (1996)
Guidelines on implementation of EO 240
DA-DILG Joint Administrative Order No. 4 (1996)
Regulation on the utilization of superlights for fishing purposes
DA-DILG Joint Memorandum Order (1994)
Devolves more fishery functions to the LGUs
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 (1994)
Guidelines for NGO-assisted community-based mangrove forest
management
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 (1992)
Guidelines for the transfer and implementation of DENR
functions devolved to LGUs
DENR Administrative Order No. 15 (1990)
Guidelines for the establishment and management of mangrove
plantations
MNR Administrative Order No. 3 (1982)
Lands suitable for fishponds to be placed under the
administration of the BFAR
11.1
Selected Municipal Ordinances
Ordinance
Title/Description
Municipal Ordinance No. 66 (2000)
An ordinance on proper garbage disposal within the municipality of Masinloc, Province
of Zambales
Municipal Ordinance No. 07 (2000)
The Coastal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Code of Claveria, Cagayan
Municipal Ordinance No. 1 (1999)
Carot Fish Sanctuary, Anda, Pangasinan (13.3 has)
Municipal Ordinance No. 2 (1998)
Balingasay Marine Protected Replacement Area, Balingasay, Pangasinan (14.77 has)
Municipal Ordinance No. 7 (1997)
Port Barton Marine Park, San Vicente, Palawan
Municipal Ordinance No. 51 (1995)
An ordinance regulating fishing and/or fishing privileges in the Municipality of Masinloc,
Province of Zambales
Municipal Ordinance No. 3 (1995)
Requires all fishing operators engaged in live fish trade to accredit with the community
fisheries board or its duly authorized representative in the municipality of Coron
Municipal Ordinance No. 6 (1995)
Makes it unlawful for any person to construct houses and other human structures for the
purpose of dwelling within 10m from high water level of mangroves, swamps, lakes and
other seaside areas unless intended for development such as market, ports, tourism-
related establishments and the like
Resolution No. 20 (1995)
Municipality of Coron adopted the Guidelines of the Environmental Critical Network
contained in RA 7611
Municipal Ordinance No. 4 (1994)
Requires the registration of compressors used for fishing and other underwater activities
operating in municipal waters
Municipal Ordinance No. 7 (1994)
Banning hulbot-hulbot, lintig/baby muro-ami, norway, and other deleterious destructive
methods of fishing activities within the municipal waters of Coron, Palawan
Municipal Ordinance No. 5 (1993)
Prohibits the throwing of garbage in canals, vacant lots and into the sea and empowers
the PCG, PNP and PPA including all barangay officials to implement the ordinance
Municipal Ordinance No. 11 (1992)
Arthur's Rock Fish Sanctuary, Mabini, Batangas
Municipal Ordinance No. 9 (1991)
Municipal Ordinance No. 8 (1990)
Municipal Ordinance No. 11 (1992)
Cathedral Rock Fish Sanctuary, Mabini, Batangas
Municipal Ordinance No. 9 (1991)
Municipal Ordinance No. 8 (1990)
Municipal Ordinance No. 11 (1992)
Twin Rocks Fish Sanctuary, Mabini, Batangas (15 has)
Municipal Ordinance No. 9 (1991)
Municipal Ordinance No. 8 (1990)
Municipal Ordinance No. 30 (1989)
San Salvador Marine Sanctuary and Reservation Area, Masinloc, Zambales, 127 has.
Executive Order 01-02
"BantayIsay" (Seagrass Watch), PGBR, Jan. 20, 2001
11.2
Pending Legislative Proposals on Pollution
Proposal
Title/Description
House Bill No. 80
An Act providing for the implementation of the provisions of the 1992 International
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and the 1992 International
Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil
Pollution Damage, providing penalties for violation thereof, and for other purposes
House Bill No. 135
An Act amending certain sections of Presidential Decree Numbered Six Hundred,
otherwise known as The Marine Pollution Decree of 1974.
House Bill No. 373
An Act to grant municipal governments the exclusive authority to issue Environmental
Compliance Certificate (ECC) for the establishment and operation of a poultry or piggery
business.
House Bill No. 522
An Act penalizing any person, organization, or company which pollute creeks, lakes and
rivers
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 8
House Bill No. 722
An Act to protect and promote the health of the people through the prevention, control,
and abatement of air pollution caused by smoke-belching vehicles, amending for the
purpose Presidential Decree No. 1181, and for other purposes.
House Bill No. 215 and 1025
An Act providing for a Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Policy and for other
purposes.
House Bill No. 994 and 1132
An Act prohibiting smoking in public transportation and buildings, and providing
penalties therefor.
House Bill No. 2988
An Act increasing the penalty imposed against polluters of navigable waters by
amending Section 7 of Presidential Decree No. 979 providing for the revision of
Presidential Decree No. 600 governing marine pollution.
11.3
Pending Legislative Proposals on Protected Areas
Proposal
Title/Description
House Bill No. 1547
An Act to grant municipal governments the exclusive authority to issue Environmental
Compliance Certificates (ECC) for the establishment and operation of a poultry or
piggery business
House Bill No. 203 and 733
An Act establishing the Coastal Environment Program, appropriating funds therefore,
and for other purposes
House Bill No. 234
An Act empowering Local Government Units (LGUs) to monitor the enforcement of
laws, rules, and regulations on environmental protection and conservation of natural
resources
House Bill No. 4249
An Act creating the Department of Environmental Protection and Sanitation, integrating
the different government agencies related to environmental protection and sanitation,
and for other purposes
House Bill No. 739
An Act creating the Office of Environmental Education, Defining its Functions, and
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes
11.4
Pending Legislative Proposals on Mangroves
Proposal
Title/Description
House Bill No. 727
An Act to conserve and protect the public forests, mangroves, and wildlife therein
through a program of renewal, reforestation, and replanting and for other purposes
House Bill No. 737, 2434, and 4359
An Act providing for the preservation, reforestation, afforestation and sustainable
development of mangrove forests in the Philippines, providing penalties herefore and
for other purposes
11.5
Pending Legislative Proposals on Fisheries
Proposal
Title/Description
House Bill No. 363
An Act amending Section 18, Article 1 of Republic Act No. 8550, entitled "An Act
providing for the development, management, and conservation of the fisheries and
aquatic resources, integrating all laws pertinent thereto, and for other purposes
House Bill No. 1127
An Act banning f ish culture pens in lakes throughout the country
House Bill No. 1384
An Act creating the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, providing for the transfer of
powers and functions of the Department of Agriculture on fishery matters to said
Department and for other purposes
House Bill No. 2477
An Act creating the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and for other purposes
House Bill No. 1234 and 1337
An Act creating the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, providing for its
powers and functions, and for other purposes
11.6
Pending Legislative Proposals on Tourism
Proposal
Title/Description
House Bill No. 107 and 1059
An Act providing for a National Ecotourism Policy, establishing a framework for its
institutionalization, creating a mechanism for its implementation and for other
purposes
House Bill No.26 and 249
An Act establishing a National Tourism Policy and appropriating funds therefore
House Bill No. 3190
An Act requiring certain tourism-oriented business establishments to secure
accreditation from the Department of Tourism as a prerequisite to the issuance of
license or permit to operate by local government units.
House Bill No. 3867
An Act allocating twenty -five percent of Travel Tax collections in the country to the
development and promotion of tourism industry in the twenty depressed provinces
House Bill No. 4495
An Act institutionalizing the position of Tourism Officer with the rank of Head of
Office or Department, mandating the establishment of a Tourism Department/Office
in all local government units, and for this purpose, amending the Local Government
Code of 1991
House Bill No. 4592
An Act elevating the position of Tourism Officer as a Department Head in every
province, city or municipality as may be appropriate
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 8
Page 9
House Bill No. 4616
An Act mandating HB 80, An Act providing for the implementation of the provisions
of the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and
the 1992 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for
Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, providing penalties for violation thereof,
and for other purposes
House Bill No. 135
An Act amending certain sections of Presidential Decree Numbered Six Hundred,
otherwise known as The Marine Pollution Decree of 1974
House Bill No. 373
An Act to grant municipal governments the exclusive authority to issue
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for the establishment and operation of
a poultry or piggery business
House Bill No. 522
An Act penalizing any person, organization, or company which pollute creeks, lakes
and rivers
House Bill No. 722
An Act to protect and promote the health of the people through the prevention,
control, and abatement of air pollution caused by smoke-belching vehicles,
amending for the purpose Presidential Decree No. 1181, and for other purposes.
House Bill No. 215 and 1025
An Act providing for a Comprehensive Water Pollution Control Policy and for other
purposes.
House Bill No. 994 and 1132
An Act prohibiting smoking in public transportation and buildings, and providing
penalties therefor
House Bill No. 2988
An Act increasing the penalty imposed against polluters of navigable waters by
amending Section 7 of Presidential Decree No. 979 providing for the revision of
Presidential Decree No. 600 governing marine pollution.the Department of Tourism
to provide at least one Tourism Office in every municipality and city and for other
purposes
House Bill No. 472
An Act providing for the position of Tourism Officer for every province, city, and
municipality in the Philippines, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7160,
otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, and for other purposes.
House Bill No. 4776
An Act creating the position of Tourism Officer in all Provinces , Class "A"
Municipalities and Cities, or municipalities and cities where tourism is considered a
major local industry, and defining their qualifications, powers, and functions.
*refer to the Coral Reef Component for complete listing.
12.
REFERENCES
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of
the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001.
Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook Series No. 2: Legal and Jurisdictional Framework for
Coastal Management. Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources. Cebu City, Philippines, 170 p.
Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project, Philippines. 2002. Interim Report.
La Vina, A.G.M. 1999. Management of fisheries, coastal resources and the coastal environment in
the Philippines: policy, legal and institutional framework. PRIAP-ICLARM Work. Pap. Ser. 5.
Talaue-McManus, L. 2000. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the South China Sea. EAS/RCU
Technical Report Series No. 14. UNEP, Bangkok, Thailand.
UNEP EAS/RCU National Report of the Philippines on the Formulation of a Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis and Preliminary Framework of a Strategic Action Programme for the South China Sea.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 9
Page 1
ANNEX 9
Format for the Tabulation of National Legislation in the Participating Countries
Legislation
Title
Description
Level of
Target
Constraints
Remarks6
(Year)
Implementation
(ecosystem,
(national, provincial,
seagrass
district, local,
ecosystem)
traditional)/
Implementing
Agency
6 Remarks on the status, e.g., Draft, pending, under review, etc.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 10
Page 1
ANNEX 10
Suggested Guide for the Selection of the Nature of Regional Seagrass Demonstration
Sites (RSDS)
I.
Guide questions
A. WHAT is/are there to demonstrate? (OBJECTIVES)
B. FOR WHOM is/are they made? (CLIENTELE)
C. HOW is the site selected? (GUIDELINES)
II.
WHAT is/are there to demonstrate? (OBJECTIVES)
A. That with the proper management interventions, environmental degradation trends can be
substantially reversed, hence,
a. Some management structure and interventions exist, e.g. legal and institutional
framework, plans, maps, research and monitoring, community participation,
communication, documentation, capacity building, livelihood improvement,
restoration or rehabilitation, government and private support,
b. Demonstrable positive environmental change and benefits to beneficiaries
B. That a better understanding of the nature of the transboundary characters of the habitat can
benefit parties concerned, and issues and conflicts properly addressed, hence,
a. Source and/or sink of larvae
b. Transboundary human activities
c. Migratory pathways
d. International trade of goods
e. Common protected area e.g. Transborder Heritage site, Transboundary Biosphere
Reserve
C. That inter-habitat connectivities among seagrass bed, coral reef, and mangroves exist, and
they sustain ecosystem integrity which in turn sustains the livelihood base of coastal human
populations, hence,
a. Presence of migratory species
b. Spawning ground
c. Nursery ground
d. Physical connection
e. Nutrient transport
f. Demonstrable human impact
D. Others?
III.
FOR WHOM is/are they made? (CLIENTELE: Those who need to be informed of
the nature and value of seagrasses, the information to guide decisions and policies)
A. For the youth and students
B. For visitors (tourists and guests)
C. For policy makers
D. For the local stakeholders
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 10
Page 2
IV.
HOW is the site selected? (GUIDELINES)
A. The site can aptly demonstrate at least one of the OBJECTIVES7
B. It conforms to the conditions set out in Annex 68
C. There is agreement among member states, hence,
a. Acceptable in terms of the above conditions
b. A country/Countries is/are willing and able to host the demonstration
c. Within the budget allocation
d. Accessible
e. Secure
7 Please refer to the Annex X of this Report.
8 Report of First Meeting of the Regional Working Group for Seagrass (UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.1/3.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 11
Page 1
ANNEX 11
Summary of Threats in Seagrass Sites in Participating Countries
THREATS
CAMBODIA
CHINA
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES
THAILAND
VIETNAM
ANTHROPOGENIC
DISTURBANCE
Physical disturbance
Land-reclamation
Trawl-netting
Beach seine
Push-netting
Dynamite-fishing
Coral mining
Sand-mining
Seaweed farming
Over-exploitation of
resources
Trawl-netting
Electro-fishing
Poison-fishing
Shell-collecting
Land-based Sources of
Pollution
Waste-water from
aquaculture
Heavy metal
Suspended solid
material
Sedimentation9
Beach erosion
NATURAL CAUSES
Outbreak of sea urchins
Storms/typhoons
9 Caused by clearing of mangroves for aquaculture, for salt-making, by logging of forests; coastal development: port-building.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 12
Page 1
ANNEX 12
Revised Workplan and Timetable of Agreed National and Regional Activities in the Seagrass Sub-component: 2002-2003
Year
2002
2003
Quarter
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
National Committee meetings
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
NTWG Meetings
x
1
x
Review National Reports
Review of Regional Database and Respond
NATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1 Review of past and on-going projects
1
2
2 Complete questionnaire on status of data and
information10
3
4
3 Complete questionnaire on metadata
5
6
4 Review national criteria11
5 Review economic valuation criteria12
7
6 Review threats at site level
8
9
7 Review national legislation
10
11
8 Review national level management regimes
9 Causal chain analysis list (for threats)13
12
13
10 Identify priority points of intervention
11 Evaluate barriers to action and possible
solutions
12 Preparation/revision of the NAP
14
15
REGIONAL ACTIVITIES
13 Regional criteria development
16
17
14 Development of Regional Priorities
18
15 Selection of demonstration sites
19
20
16 Finalisation of the Regional SAP
21
22
17 Regional GIS database tasks:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
2nd, 3rd & 4th meetings RWG-CR
23
24
25
26
RSTC/PSC Meetings
10 Please refer to Annex 7 of the Report of the First Meeting of the RWG-SG for details on the parameters and corresponding requirements for data and information.
11 Criteria for assigning conservation and/or management status and/or zoning and importance given to seagrass meadows in coastal zone management plans.
12 see Annex 13 of this Report.
13 for all seagrass sites that were identified and characterised.
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 12
Page 2
Notes on the Numbered Cells in the Revised Workplan and Timetable for the Regional Working Group for Seagrass
Number
Notes
1
First draft
2
Final draft to be submitted to PCU
3
27 January 2003 - Characterisation for 75-100 % of seagrass sites identified; Initial prioritisation will be conducted at the 3rd Meeting of the
Regional Working Group
4
1 August 2003 - Characterisation for any remaining seagrass sites identified; No characterisations will be accepted for selection of demonstration
sites after this date
5
27 January 2003 - For 75-100 % sites identified and characterised
6
1 August 2003 - For remaining sites identified and characterised
7
Send review of economic valuation criteria to PCU by 27 January 2003
8
27 January 2003 - For 75-100 % sites identified and characterised
9
1 August 2003 - For 75-100 % sites identified and characterised
10
15 November 2002 - First Draft
11
Second Draft of Tabulation of existing laws and legislation; See format in Annex 9 of this Report
12
27 January 2003 - Characterisation for 75-100 % of seagrass sites identified; Initial prioritisation will be conducted at the 3rd Meeting of the
Regional Working Group
13
1 August 2003 - For remaining sites identified and characterised
14
National Seagrass Committee/Working Group prepare first draft for discussion with stakeholders
15
National Seagrass Committee/Working Group prepare second draft for discussion with stakeholders
16
First draft of regional criteria developed at the Second Meeting of the RWG-SG
17
Final draft of regional criteria will be circulated prior to the Third Meeting of the RWG-SG
18
Regional priorities for the selection of demonstration sites have been agreed upon at the Second Meeting of the RWG-SG.
19
Initial prioritisation will be conducted at the 3rd Meeting of the Regional Working Group
20
Final decision on the 3 demonstration sites for seagrass
21
First draft of the SAP
22
Final draft of the SAP
23
6-8 May 2002, First Meeting of the RWG-SG, Bangkok, Thailand
24
28-31 October 2002, Second Meeting of the RWG-SG, Hue, Vietnam
25
25-28 March 2003, Third Meeting of the RWG-SG, Malaysia
26
22-26 September 2003, Fourth Meeting of the RWG-SG, Shanya, China
UNEP/GEF/SCS/RWG-SG.2/3
Annex 13
Page 1
ANNEX 13
Schedule of meetings for 2003
M
T
W
T F S S M T W T
F
S
S
M T W T
F
S
S M T
W T
F
S
S
M T
W T
F
S
S
M
January
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19 20
21
22
23
24 25
26
27
28
29 30
31
February
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 27
28
Chinese N.Y.
RWG-LbP-3
March
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
31
RWG-M-3
RWG-SG-3
RWG-W-3
RWG-CR-3
April
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
12
13
14
15 16
17
18
19
20 21
22
23
24
25 26
27
28
29
30
RWG-F-3
Thai N.Y.
Easter
May
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15
16
17
18 19
20
21
22
23 24
25
26
27
28 29
30
31
RSTC-3
June
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
12
13
14
15 16
17
18
19
20 21
22
23
24
25 26
27
28
29
30
July
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
12
13
14
15 16
17
18
19
20 21
22
23
24
25 26
27
28
29
30 31
August
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17 18
19
20
21
22 23
24
25
26
27 28
29
30
31
RWG-LbP-4
September
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
RWG-F-4
RWG-SG-4
RWG-CR-4
October
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19 20
21
22
23
24 25
26
27
28
29 30
31
Cont.
RWG-W-4
RWG-M-4
Ramadan
November
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
Ramadan
December
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26 27
28
29
30
31
Regional Sci.
RSTC-4
PSC-3
Xmas
Mtg.