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UNDP Project Document
Governments of Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR,
Philippines, PR China, Thailand, Timor Leste, and Vietnam
and
United Nations Development Programme
with the
Governments of Brunei Darussalam, Japan, RO Korea and Singapore
participating on a cost-sharing basis
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
The geographic scope of the project is the six large marine ecosystems (LME's) of the East Asian Seas
and their associated watershed areas.
The project's objective is to facilitate implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the
Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA), as adopted by East Asian countries in December 2003, through the
mobilization of the necessary partnership arrangements, operating mechanisms, intellectual capital,
support services and resources for the achievement of their shared vision of sustainable use of coastal
and marine resources of the region and the development targets of the WSSD Plan of Implementation
and that of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The project contributes to the key indicators
of the GEF IW Strategic Objective (b), by fostering the development and implementation of required
policy reforms, institutional arrangements, core partnerships and capacities in support of SDS-SEA
implementation. The project also contributes to IW Strategic Programmes a) Depletion of coastal and
marine fish stocks and associated biological diversity, and b) Nutrient over-enrichment and oxygen
depletion from land-based pollution of coastal waters in Large Marine Ecosystems. Additional
indicators to be supported include: improvements in fish stock and coastal habitat achieved; community
livelihoods sustained and access to fish for artisanal fishers secured; multi-agency partnerships for
action developed; quantifiable pollution reduction through institutional reforms, increased enforcement,
and demonstration investments; multi-agency partnerships developed and catalyzing replication of
reforms and investments; reduction of risks to human health from untreated sewage and community
livelihoods improved in demonstration areas.
The implementation of the SDS-SEA will be a significant test of multi-stakeholder collaboration,
coordination and capacity enhancement, in order to achieve practical and affordable solutions to
recognized marine and coastal environmental problems at the local level, and to accelerate on-the-
ground implementation measures to reduce pollution, as well as to restore and conserve marine and
coastal resources at the national and regional levels. To this end, the newly formed EAS Partnership
Council, PEMSEA Resource Facility, and triennial EAS Congress and Ministerial Forum will be fully
operationalized and improved as viable vehicles for the long-term, sustainable implementation of the
SDS-SEA. Core operational activities will focus on strengthening national programs for scaling up ICM
across the region, targeting 20% coverage of the region's coastline by 2015, as well as facilitating
ecosystem-based management programs in four pollution hotspots through national coastal and ocean
policy development, strengthening local governance, and implementation of WSSD and MDG target-
oriented strategic action programs.
The project is the Regional Component of a "two-project" package being submitted to GEF Council for
approval, namely the UNDP/GEF project on Implementation of the SDS-SEA and the WB/GEF
Partnership Investment Fund for Pollution Reduction in the LMEs of East Asia (i.e., the Investment
Component). A Strategic Partnership among GEF, World Bank, UNDP and PEMSEA will be focused
on accelerating investments in pollution reduction facilities and services, through the development,
implementation, demonstration and replication of innovative policies, procedures, technologies and
financial and economic instruments that help to overcome barriers to investment by the public and
private sectors.
The duration of the project is 10 years, consisting of a transition period (2007-2010), a transformation
period (2010-2013), and a sustainable operation period (2013-2017). The first three years are the focus
of this Project Document. However, an outline of the 10-year transformation process, complete with
targeted outputs and outcomes, has been included.
Table of Contents
PROJECT CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................... 1
THE CURRENT SITUATION........................................................................................................................ 4
Geographic Scope ................................................................................................................................ 5
Threats and Root Causes ..................................................................................................................... 7
Institutional and Sectoral Context ......................................................................................................... 9
Policy Context ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Stakeholder Involvement...................................................................................................................... 13
Barriers to Sustainable Development ................................................................................................. 14
Baseline and Alternative Scenarios .................................................................................................... 16
PROJECT STRATEGY............................................................................................................................... 18
Project Design ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Project Rationale and Conformity ....................................................................................................... 18
Project Goal and Objectives................................................................................................................ 21
Project Outcomes, Outputs and Activities........................................................................................... 23
MANAGEMENT CATEGORY.................................................................................................................24
COMPONENT A: A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION24
CORE OPERATIONS CATEGORY .......................................................................................................28
COMPONENT B: NATIONAL POLICIES AND REFORMS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND
OCEAN GOVERNANCE..................................................................................................................... 28
COMPONENT C: SCALING UP ICM PROGRAMS............................................................................ 30
COMPONENT D: TWINNING ARRANGEMENTS FOR RIVER BASIN AND COASTAL AREA
MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 33
SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES CATEGORY ..............................................................................................35
COMPONENT E: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES...................................... 35
COMPONENT F: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCING IN
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND SERVICES........................................... 41
COMPONENT G: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS ................................................ 43
COMPONENT H: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES...................................................................................... 47
PROJECT INDICATORS, RISKS AND ASSUMPTIONS .......................................................................... 49
Performance Indicators ........................................................................................................................ 49
Risks and Assumptions ....................................................................................................................... 51
EXPECTED GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL BENEFITS................................................................... 53
COUNTRY OWNERSHIP: COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY AND COUNTRY DRIVENNESS............................. 56
PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY .................................................................................................................... 57
PROJECT REPLICABILITY....................................................................................................................... 58
MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 60
MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN AND CORRESPONDING BUDGET ...................................... 62
Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 62
Corresponding Budget ......................................................................................................................... 64
LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................................... 70
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TOTAL BUDGET AND WORK PLAN........................................................................................................ 71
Project Summary by Atlas Code .........................................................................................................71
Summary of Funds................................................................................................................................ 73
Budget Notes......................................................................................................................................... 75
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA.......................................................... 83
ANNEX 1: PEMSEA'S 10-YEAR TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM ....................................................... 92
ANNEX 2: INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS........................................................................................106
ANNEX 3: PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK.....................................................................................115
ANNEX 4: LINKAGES BETWEEN SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION AND THE WSSD PLAN OF
IMPLEMENTATION..................................................................................................................................145
ANNEX 5: PROJECT MANAGEMENT ORGANIGRAM .........................................................................153
ANNEX 6: STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT PLAN...............................................................................155
ANNEX 7: REPLICATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................................168
ANNEX 8: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF LME'S IN THE EAST ASIAN REGION................................179
ANNEX 9: TERMS OF REFERENCE OF KEY PROJECT STAFF AND MAIN COMPONENTS ...........199
ANNEX 10: STAP ROSTER TECHNICAL REVIEW ...............................................................................200
ANNEX 11: LETTERS OF CO-FINANCING COMMITMENT .................................................................201
ANNEX 12: LETTERS OF ENDORSEMENT FROM GEF OPERATING FOCAL AGENCIES...............202
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List of Acronyms
AOE
Area of Excellence
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CI Conservation
International
COBSEA
Coordinating Body for the East Asian Seas
CSA Cost-sharing
Agreement
EAS East
Asian
Seas
EARL
East Asia Response Limited
EBM Ecosystem-based
management
FAO
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GIWA
Global International Waters Assessment
GPA
Global Plan of Action
HAB
Harmful Algal Bloom
IBRD
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICM
Integrated Coastal Management
IDA
International Development Association
IFI International
Financial
Institution
IIMS
Integrated Information Management System
IGR2
Second Intergovernmental Review
ILO
International Labor Organization
IMO
International Maritime Organization
ISO
International Standards Organization
IT Information
Technology
IUCN
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (World Conservation Union)
IUU
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
IW International
Waters
IW:LEARN
International Waters Learning Exchange and Resources Network
LME
Large Marine Ecosystem
LOI
Letter of Intent
MDG
Millennium Development Goals
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
MSP Medium-Sized
Project
N Nitrogen
NCC
National Coordinating Committee
NFP
National Focal Point
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
NOWPAP
Northwest Pacific Action Plan of UNEP
NTF
National Task Force
OHSAS
Occupational Health and Safety Standard
P Phosphorus
PCC
Project Coordinating Committee
PDR
People's Democratic Republic
PEMSEA
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
PNLG
PEMSEA Network of Local Governments
PO People's
Organization
POI
Plan of Implementation
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PPP Public-Private
Partnership
PR People's
Republic
PRF
PEMSEA Resource Facility
PSC
Programme Steering Committee
PSHE-MS
Port Safety, Health, and Environmental Management System
PSSA
Particularly Sensitive Sea Area
RNLG
Regional Network of Local Governments
RO Republic
of
RPO Regional
Programme
Office
RTF
Regional Task Force
SBAA
Standard Basic Assistance Agreement
SDS-SEA
Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
SGP
Small Grants Programme of GEF/UNDP
SME
Small and medium-sized enterprises
SOC
State of Coasts
STAP
Scientific and Technical Assessment Panel
TOR
Terms of Reference
TPLM
Total Pollution Load Management
TPR Tripartite
Review
UN United
Nations
UNCLOS
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
WB World
Bank
WI Wetlands
International
WSSD
World Summit on Sustainable Development
WWF
World Wide Fund for Nature
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GEF/UNDP Project Document
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT CONTEXT
From 1999 to 2006, the major goals of the GEF/UNDP/IMO PEMSEA Regional Programme1
were: 1) formulation and adoption of integrated approaches to managing land and water uses
among participating countries; 2) development of human resources in areas of planning and
sustainable management of coastal and marine areas; 3) demonstration of integrated coastal
management (ICM) as a systematic and effective approach to managing land and water uses in
coastal areas, especially at the local level; and 4) adoption of a sustainable regional mechanism
to augment the national and regional commitment to protection and management of the coastal
and marine environment of the East Asian Seas.
In December 2003, the Putrajaya Declaration was signed among 12 littoral states2, recognizing
the importance of sustainable development and management of coastal and marine resources
within the region, and committing individual and collective efforts of the countries to the
implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA)3.
The SDS-SEA is a regional marine strategy covering the six large marine ecosystems (LME's)4
of the East Asian Seas and their associated watershed areas, and represents an integrated and
ecosystem-based response of the countries and stakeholders in the region to the WSSD Plan of
Implementation, the UN Millennium Development Goals, and Agenda 21.
On 15 December 2006, the Haikou Partnership Agreement was signed among 11 countries5,
thereby formally establishing PEMSEA as the regional coordinating mechanism for the
implementation of the SDS-SEA. The Agreement also confirmed the countries' resolve to
transform PEMSEA from a regional project-based arrangement to a self-sustained and effective
regional collaborative mechanism with a mandate to pursue the implementation of the SDS-SEA
through collaborative, synergistic and responsible actions.
The regional coordinating mechanism established by the countries is a unique and innovative
approach to management of the regional seas. The mechanism is not legally binding, as is the
case with regional conventions. Rather it is an arrangement founded on the principles of
partnership, and dedicated to the achievement of the shared vision and objectives of the SDS-
SEA. As a partnership, the regional arrangement is inclusive of all concerned stakeholders and
is outcome-oriented, meaning that the partnership is based on identified common objectives or
goals of government and non-government stakeholders alike. The PEMSEA partnership is
applicable across various political, geographic and institutional scales. For example, there is the
multi-country political scale coved by the SDS-SEA; there is the ecosystem-based, multi-country
1 PEMSEA Regional Programme or PEMSEA refers to the GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Building
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), 1999-2006
2 Signatories to the Putrajaya Declaration include the Governments of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, DPR
Korea, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, RO Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
3 PEMSEA. 2003. Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia: Regional Implementation of the
World Summit on Sustainable Development Requirements for the Coasts and Oceans. PEMSEA, Quezon City,
Philippines
4 The 6 LME's include East China Sea, Indonesian Seas, South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, Sulu-Sulawesi Sea, and
Yellow Sea.
5 Signatories to the Haikou Partnership Agreement include the Governments of Cambodia, China, DPR Korea,
Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Philippines, RO Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam.
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scale that is a GEF priority, that of the six LMEs in the region; and, there are the national inter-
ministry and local scales, which include policies, strategies and work programs involving ICM,
river basin management, fish refugia/local habitat restoration, nutrient reduction, and so on.
Through the partnership process, a broad range of priority issues may be covered across these
different scales, effectively coordinating and applying the resources, skills, experience and
interests of government and non-government partners and collaborators, for effective
implementation of the SDS-SEA, SAPs of LMEs, and national and local response programs.
On 16 December 2006, twelve (12) stakeholder organizations6 signed the Partnership Operating
Arrangements, thus becoming the first group of non-governmental organizations to be formally
recognized as PEMSEA Partners for the implementation of the SDS-SEA. The countries of the
region are committed to implement the SDS-SEA. Building upon the foundation established by
the Regional Programme7 and other sub-regional initiatives, the proposed project serves as an
essential catalyst in the long-term implementation of the SDS-SEA. While the SDS-SEA has
attracted high-level country commitment, its successful implementation requires enhanced
coastal and marine policy, improved interlinkages in planning and managing interventions at the
local, national, sub-regional and regional levels, a dedicated effort to scale-up local capabilities
in integrated coastal management (ICM) and/or other adopted management systems, and the
mobilization of significant international, regional and domestic financial investments in pollution
reduction. These outcomes are the primary targets of the proposed project.
The Strategic Partnership Arrangement
The establishment of GEF's innovative operational modality8 the Strategic Partnership has a
good fit with the regional partnership approach recently adopted by PEMSEA participating
countries. A Strategic Partnership aimed at catalyzing and scaling-up investment in land-based
pollution reduction in coastal areas in East Asia will be established, initially, between the GEF,
the World Bank, UNDP and the new PEMSEA regional mechanism. Land-based pollution is
well-recognized as having regional and transboundary significance in the East Asian Seas, and
is a priority concern of SDS-SEA implementation. The impacts of land-based pollution, such as
widespread eutrophication, health hazards, and degradation of fisheries and spawning grounds,
are felt by all countries in the region.9 Furthermore, insofar as the Seas of East Asia are a major
economic resource for the world's demand for fishery and aquaculture products, and a major
natural heritage and biodiversity resource for the people of the world, these impacts have global
significance.
6 The 12 PEMSEA Partners include: Conservation International Philippines; Coastal Management Center;
UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme; IOC/WESTPAC; Korea Environment Institute; Korea Maritime Institute; Korea
Ocean Research and Development Institute; Ocean Policy and Research Foundation; Oil Spill Response and East
Asia Response Limited; Plymouth Marine Laboratory; UNEP Global Programme of Action; and the UNDP/GEF
Yellow Sea LME Project.
7 In addition to the regional institutional milestone, progress was also achieved at the country and local levels as a
consequence of the Regional Programme including: the establishment of six new national ICM demonstration sites;
implementation of 18 voluntary parallel ICM sites; sustainable public-private partnership arrangements; inclusion of
ICM practices into the regulatory frameworks of national and local governments; confirmation of institutional and
community arrangements for coastal and marine environmental management; development of intellectual capacity,
scientific and technical skills through training programs and linkages with universities and scientific and technical
institutions; enhanced awareness of the socio-economic benefits of ICM; and public participation in planning
improved environmental facilities and services.
8 GEF-4, which will be implemented from 2006-2010. As defined by GEF, a Strategic Partnership consists of a major
component, the Investment Fund (hosted by a multilateral bank), accompanied by a parallel project for regional
capacity building, coordination and replication (i.e., the Regional Component).
9 World Bank, 2005. Environment Strategy for the World Bank in the East Asia and Pacific Region, World Bank:
Washington D.C.
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The Strategic Partnership is designed to coordinate the effective implementation and interaction
of two GEF-supported projects, namely the proposed GEF/UNDP Implementation of the SDS-
SEA, and the World Bank/GEF Partnership Investment Fund for Pollution Reduction in the
Large Marine Ecosystems of East Asia, as approved by GEF Council in November 2005. A
major objective of both projects is the replication and scaling up of good practices. Therefore a
key element of the Strategic Partnership is the collaborative effort to identify, prepare, promote
and facilitate replication of pollution reduction facilities, technologies, practices and services that
are proven to be effective in achieving desired on-the-ground changes, while at he same time
being acceptable and affordable by the local communities or industry.
To this end, the GEF/UNDP project aims to put in place the necessary policy reforms,
institutional arrangements, partnerships and capacities to scale-up ICM programs across the
region, covering more than 20% of the coastline by 2015. An important component of ICM
implementation is the development and implementation of local initiatives, which are designed
to address strategic objectives, including:
to reduce pollution and the resulting destruction and degradation of land areas, rivers and
coastal waters;
to protect and conserve biodiversity;
to promote sustainable supply and use of waters;
to strengthen food security, especially in developing sustainable fisheries and aquaculture
practices;
to improve capacities in managing and responding to natural and man-made disasters; and
to create alternative livelihoods for the coastal poor.
In parallel, the project managed by the World Bank aims to reduce pollution discharges by
leveraging investments in pollution reduction through the removal of technical, institutional, and
financial barriers. Expected outcomes of the Partnership Investment Fund are increased
investments in pollution reduction activities, targeting from US$ 850 million to US$ 1.5 billion in
new investments.
Together, these two projects will provide a mechanism for GEF, the World Bank, UNDP and the
PEMSEA participating countries and partners at the global, regional, sub-regional and national
levels to mainstream the objectives of the SDS-SEA into their regular programs. Each will use
its comparative advantages to strategically assist the countries in reaching their SDS-SEA or
adopted SAP objectives. For the World Bank, this includes utilizing its political convening power,
financial leveraging capacity, and global knowledge, to support countries as they take the
necessary actions to implement full on-the-ground operations in support of reforms, investments,
and management programs needed to implement pollution reduction facilities and services and
to ensure the transition to sustainable development of the seas of East Asia. For the GEF and
UNDP, the project catalyzes core capacities within and among countries at the national level
over a six year period, to promote and implement policies, capacity development programmes,
financing mechanisms and partnership arrangements among the public and private sectors in
support of scaling up ICM programmes. Overall, through the innovative activities undertaken by
the Strategic Partnership, the countries will develop a more supportive policy and investment
environment. Moreover, it is intended that by the end of the implementation period of the
Strategic Partnership, the objectives of the SDS-SEA would be firmly mainstreamed into the
operations of the World Bank and other participating organizations. From the experience of this
first Strategic Partnership, partnerships with donor agencies and other stakeholders could also
be developed, to enhance the implementation of the SDS-SEA.
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The Strategic Partnership has another implication, and that is its umbrella function for sub-
regional initiatives and programs. The trust and partnerships being built among PEMSEA
members and Strategic Partners to meet regional (and global) development targets for coasts
and oceans, also provides a support mechanism for confronting several contentious
transboundary issues at sub-regional levels, such as: illegal and destructive fishing;
overexploitation of straddling stocks; degradation of habitats of migratory species; transborder
pollution; introduction of alien species via international shipping; etc. The ongoing LME projects
in the South China Sea/Gulf of Thailand and the Yellow Sea are already facing some of these
challenges, while the pipeline projects in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and the Arafura-Timor Seas
will be engaging similar issues in the near future.
The SDS-SEA, its regional partnership mechanism and the Strategic Partnership arrangement
facilitate interlinkages of scale and primacy of nested GEF interventions, ensuring that regional,
sub-regional, national and sub-national scales are accommodated and accorded priority. The
six-year partnership program being developed under this project provides the framework for the
implementation of interlinkages of management interventions at the different scales.
Furthermore, by sharing experience, knowledge and good practices, and setting targets for
change at the broader, regional scale, the rationale and foundation for more specific objectives,
actions and targets that are developed and adopted in future sub-regional SAPs, are
substantiated. The PEMSEA partnership framework provides sub-regional projects and
programs with:
a regional implementing mechanism for coordinating the development and
implementation of adopted strategies and action plans across national and sub-regional
sea boundaries (i.e., the EAS Partnership Council);
a systematic process for monitoring, evaluating and reporting progress in meeting SDS-
SEA, SAP and country objectives and targets (i.e., State of Coasts report);
a mechanism for the development, implementation and replication of pollution reduction
projects, as well as addressing other strategic issues (i.e., Strategic Partnership
arrangement involving World Bank, UNDP, PEMSEA, sub-regional and regional projects
and programs, and other concerned international institutions and organizations); and
an opportunity to share and benefit from lessons learned and good practices in the
sustainable development and management of coastal and marine resources across the
LMEs of the region (EAS Congress; Ministerial Forum; training workshops; leadership
forums; etc.).
THE CURRENT SITUATION
1.
The Seas of East Asia are home to 30% of world coral reefs and mangroves, about 40%
of the world fish catch, and 84% of the world aquaculture production, and are considered a
world center for tropical marine biodiversity. Some 1.9 billion people live in the region and this
is expected to increase to 3 billion by 2015. Economic activities are largely clustered around the
region's coastal cities that play host to an estimated 77% of the 1.9 billion people. Traditional
resource-based activities, such as coastal fisheries, aquaculture, forestry and agriculture, are
found side by side with industry, shipping and tourism. Half of the world's merchant fleet sails
through the Malacca and the Lombok Straits, while 14 of the 20 largest maritime ports in the
world are located in the shipping corridor that stretches from Singapore to Japan.
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2.
Capture fisheries from the South China Sea contribute 10% of the world's landed catch,
at around 5 million tonnes per year. From the standpoint of aquaculture, five of the eight top
shrimp producers in the world are countries bordering the South China Sea, namely: Indonesia,
Vietnam, China, Thailand and the Philippines. Coral reefs and mangroves, together with
seagrass beds, soft bottom communities and tidal wetlands provide food, employment and
foreign exchange earnings to the countries of the region. For example, in Indonesia and the
Philippines, which contain 75% of the region's coral reefs, the annual economic returns from this
resource are estimated at US$1.6 billion and US$1.1 billion per year, respectively. For the
whole Southeast Asian region, the potential economic value of well-managed coral reefs is
estimated to be 42.5% of the global total of US$29.8 billion.
3.
Growing populations and their migration to coastal areas, dynamic economic growth,
and rising global demands for fishery and aquaculture products, largely met by export products
from the East Asian Seas, and rapidly increasing shipping traffic, have combined to exert
tremendous pressure on East Asia's marine environment and coastal resources. Decades of
advocacy, political commitments and conservation efforts at the national and regional levels
have not prevented the Seas of East Asia from degrading at an ever-increasing pace. Arresting
and reversing the decline is an urgent task that requires a new approach, a new paradigm. That
paradigm is a strategic partnership of governments, international organizations and donors, and
stakeholders from all sectors of society, from within and outside of the East Asian Region,
working together to achieve a shared vision of a sustainable resource system for the Seas of
East Asia.
4.
During the current phase of PEMSEA,
initial steps were taken to strengthen
partnership approaches, and the expansion and
bolstering of these arrangements will be an
integral component of the next phase.
Implementation of the SDS-SEA and its
associated regional coordinating mechanism
will not only enhance national and international
support for achieving the shared goals of
nations, but limit redundancy, improve
efficiency, and enhance national and regional
Gulf of
communication among sectoral stakeholders.
Thailand
Geographic Scope
5.
The six LMEs of the East Asian Seas
are semi-enclosed and interconnected, with a
total sea area of 7 million km2, a coastline of
234,000 km, and a total watershed area of
Figure 1: The LME's of the Seas of East Asia
about 8.6 million km2.
6.
The LMEs are ecologically and economically important to the region and globally, and
provide a variety of ecological services, such as provision of spawning and nursery grounds for
many pelagic fish, home to complex biotic communities, and a center of marine shallow water
supporting extremely high biological diversity and biologically diverse marine environments.
Associated river systems within the region of the Seas of East Asia include: (1) the Mekong
River, with its unique lake-river system and globally significant wetlands and flooded forests,
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supporting one of the most productive and diverse freshwater ecosystems in the world, crossing
China, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia before entering the South China
Sea; (2) the Yangtze river in China, Asia's longest river and a major trade and transportation
route; (3) the Yellow River, China's second longest river, passing through the densely populated
North China Plain before reaching the Bohai Sea; and (4) the Red River with one of the largest
watersheds in Southeast Asia, originating in China and passing through Vietnam to the South
China Sea.
7.
The Yellow Sea region has diverse physical and socio-economic characteristics. It is a
resource shared by China, DPR Korea and RO Korea. It includes the Bohai Sea to the north
and is connected to the East China Sea in the south, forming a continuous circulation system. It
is an important global resource for coastal and offshore fisheries, with nearly 1600 species
being reported in marine and coastal habitats. Approximately 600 million people live in the areas
around the Yellow Sea.
8.
The East China Sea is distinctive in many aspects. The drainage basin is densely
populated with approximately 300 million people living in the area. The region receives a large
inflow of freshwater and terrestrial sediments, mainly from mainland China, of which the
Yangtze River is responsible for about 90 to 95%. The East China Sea is bounded by China to
the west and south, Korea to the north and Japan to the east. In the eastern part of the sea, the
Kuroshio Current flows northward along the continental slope, effectively isolating the sea from
the Northwest Pacific Ocean. It has shallow coastal waters that provide spawning and nursery
grounds for many pelagic fish.
9.
The South China Sea has long been recognized as the global center of marine shallow
water, tropical biodiversity, with more than 2500 species of marine fish and more than 500
species of reef building coral present. It is bordered by China to the north, the Philippines to the
east, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam to the south, and Thailand,
Cambodia, and Vietnam to the west. The present population of the area is about 350 million.
The South China Sea is also an area of great multi lateral importance, being one of the world's
busiest sea lanes and a source of dispute over sovereignty of the Spratly Islands and other
offshore resources.
10.
The marine waters of the Sulu-Celebes Sea are bounded on most of its northern and
western extent by the islands of the Philippines and the South China Sea, on the southern
extent by the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi and the Indonesian Seas, and the eastern extent
by the Pacific Islands. The region lies within the global center of biodiversity for both marine
and terrestrial species, with more than 400 species of reef building corals and 2,500 species of
marine fishes. Total population of the region is approximately 34 million. The coastal areas of
the Sulu-Celebes Seas serve as important spawning grounds for the entire region.
11.
The Indonesian Seas area contains most of the land and seas of the Republic of
Indonesia. The present population of the region is approximately 210 million, with nearly 140
million living within 60 km of the coast. The importance of the Indonesian Seas stems partially
from the fact that they support an extremely high biological diversity, including both demersal
and pelagic fisheries, sharing highly migratory fish resources (e.g., tuna, mackerel, round scad)
with adjacent countries (Australia, Philippines and Malaysia).
12.
The Gulf of Thailand is part of the Sunda Shelf and is relatively shallow, with depths
varying between 45 and 80 meters. Twenty-three rivers, including 5 major ones, drain large
amounts of fresh water into the Gulf. Because of the shallow nature of the Gulf, the slow water
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exchange and strong water inflow from the rivers make the Gulf lower in salinity (3.05-3.25%)
and also rich in sediments. Only at the greater depths, water with a higher salinity (3.4%) flows
into the gulf from the South China Sea and fills the central depression. The countries bordering
this LME are Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia.
13.
Further details on the characteristics of the LMEs may be found in Annex 8.
Threats and Root Causes
14.
The region's coastal ecosystems have been central to its development. As such, coral
reefs, mangroves and other coastal habitats that are part of coastal ecosystems are subjected
to varying degrees of pressure and are exhibiting signs of serious degradation due to human
activities. The major threats to these coastal ecosystems emanate from the rapidly increasing
population, as a consequence of increasing migration to coastal areas. Such threats include
pollution and sedimentation, overfishing and destructive fishing, habitat loss and
overexploitation, and climate change and sea-level rise. (More specific details with regard to
threats, root causes and barrier analysis concerning the respective LMEs may be found in
Annex 8.)
a) Over fishing and Destructive Fishing
15.
Many countries in the region rely heavily on the coastal areas as a source of food and
livelihood. A number of areas in East Asia, which are characterized by large coastal populations
(e.g., Malacca Straits; Gulf of Thailand; the Java Sea; south Kalimantan, the Arafura Sea, and
Manila Bay) have experienced similar impacts as a consequence of increased demands on
fisheries, such as: leveling-off of, if not decline in, landings; a decline in catch rates; a decline in
captured fish lengths; an increase in trash fish; virtual disappearance of certain commercial
fishes; reduced incomes; reduced resource rents; and increased competition and conflicts
among fishers. Aggravating these problems is the issue of illegal, unreported and unregulated
(IUU) fishing occurring both within exclusive economic zones and on the high seas, which
undermine efforts in managing fish stocks in all capture fisheries.
16.
The global strategy to mitigate the decline in marine fish catch has been to purchase
bigger fishing fleets and use sophisticated methods to increase catch and maintain markets.
This has resulted in overcapacity, whereby the number of fishing fleets has the capacity to
extract fish faster than the population can reproduce. From 1995 to 1998, East Asia alone
reported an increase in decked fishery vessels from 980,417 to 1,022,062, or almost 78% of the
world's capacity. This served to put further pressure on a declining fishery, and on the fishers
who were challenged with paying off loans against their modern vessels, technology and
equipment.
17.
Over fishing and destructive fishing are estimated to be threatening 64% and 56% of the
region's coral reefs respectively. It is estimated that blast fishing and cyanide use will cost
Indonesia at least US$ 3 billion and US$ 50 million, respectively, in social and environmental
costs over the next 20 years.
b) Habitat Destruction
18.
The majority of the coastal habitats in the region are imperiled due to the combined
effects of anthropogenic activities resulting in habitat alteration and degradation or loss. Coastal
development, marine-based pollution, sedimentation, over fishing and destructive fishing are
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identified as the major threats to the coral reefs of the region. Coastal development, which
brings about increased sedimentation due to dredging and land reclamation, is a prevalent
problem in areas where rapid expansions are occurring. For instance, Singapore reefs have
been reclaimed, while reefs in Bangkok and Manila Bay have been smothered and killed by
sediments, sewage and dynamite fishing. In Jakarta Bay, reefs have disappeared because of
mining and pollution. In the last 30 years, 11% of the region's coral reefs collapsed, while 48%
are listed in critical condition. Recent findings show 80% face risks. Unless managed properly,
the region's reefs face collapse within 20 years.
19.
Mangroves have lost 70% of their cover in the last 70 years, primarily due to
uncontrolled conversion to aquaculture ponds, use of mangrove wood for firewood or charcoal,
mining, coastal development and agriculture. Thailand and the Philippines have seen the areal
extent of mangroves decline, with corresponding increases in shrimp production. Unless further
effective management measures are instituted and intensified, the current rate of loss is
predicted to result in total loss of mangroves by 2030.
20.
Likewise, loss of seagrass beds in the region is of the order 20% to 60%. In Indonesia
and the Philippines, about 30% to 40% and 30% to 50% of sea grass beds have been lost
respectively over the past 50 years. The loss of seagrass is due to untreated sewage
discharges, mismanagement of fertilizers and pesticides, excessive sediments, over fishing and
trawler damage, and development activities, usually associated with dredging.
c) Pollution
21.
The health of the Seas of East Asia is also significantly affected by river basins that are
associated with the seas. Most of the pollution is due to land-based human activities, which
includes municipal, industrial, agricultural and aquacultural wastes, land runoff, and atmospheric
deposition. Estimates of domestic sewage treated prior to discharge amounts to only 11%, while
billions of tonnes of industrial wastewater are being discharged annually from major coastal
cities without pretreatment. Another 10 million tonnes of fertilizers are used each year in coastal
areas, adding to the already excessive nutrient loading in receiving rivers, lakes and marine
waters. The adverse impacts on public health, sustainable supply of goods and services, and
the export trade of sea products are considerable. Harmful algal blooms (HABs), commonly
known as red tide, have become more frequent not only in extent but also in duration for the
past three decades. The frequent occurrence of red tides, some of which are toxic, has been a
serious concern in the region, especially its impacts on fisheries and mariculture, in addition to
its toxic effects caused by consumption of contaminated shellfish. In the Philippines, the
reported cases of over 2,000 paralytic shellfish poisoning since 1983 have led to 115 deaths
and economic losses of about 10 million pesos for each event. In Hong Kong, a bloom in 1998
killed off 3,500 tonnes of cultured fish or over 80% of stocks valued at US$40 million. It is
further evident that the poor and destitute, a substantial number of whom live in coastal areas of
the region, suffer the most as a consequence of pollution, destruction and degradation of natural
resources, and contamination of drinking water and food supply.
22.
With the projected tripling of international trade and shipping traffic in the next 20 years,
the threat of oil spills remains imminent in the region. About 96% of oil spilled in the Asia Pacific
Region since 1985, occurred in East Asia. Closely associated with shipping activities is the
release of ballast water that is a reported avenue for the introduction of alien species and other
marine organisms that threaten ecosystems and public health.
d) Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise
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23.
Increasing emissions of green house gases and aerosols from burning of fossil fuels and
extreme changes in land use and land cover is projected to effect global and regional changes
in climate, affecting temperature and precipitation. In turn, sea level rise, flooding and other
extreme weather disturbances are expected to create catastrophes, especially in East Asia
given the region's vast coastlines, concentrations of populations in coasts, and productive land
in low-lying areas. Coupled with the loss of coral reefs and mangroves, which provide shoreline
protection during hurricanes and tropical storms, the vulnerability of coastal populations and
infrastructure to climate change and sea-level rise is further exacerbated. From 1995 to 2004,
the cost of natural disasters in the region was estimated at more than US$ 300 billion in
damages, and in excess of 445,000 human fatalities. The tsunami of 26 December 2004 killed
more than 250,000 people in countries around the Indian Ocean, and caused massive losses in
properties, habitats, livelihoods, infrastructure and crops. This occurrence, although immensely
tragic, has spawned a renewed interest in highlighting the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems,
the imminent loss of services they provide, and measures for their more effective management,
including the use of ICM as a framework for coastal hazard management.
Institutional and Sectoral Context
24.
Over the past six years, the hallmark of PEMSEA has been its focus on building and
strengthening intergovernmental and multi-sectoral partnerships for sustainable coasts and
ocean development. The Terminal Evaluation Report on the PEMSEA Regional Programme
cited a number of areas and examples where progress has been made with such partnership
arrangements, including:
a. At the local level, PEMSEA successfully demonstrated the applicability and cost-
effectiveness of the ICM framework and processes for achieving sustainable use of
the natural resources and ensuring environmental sustainability, in collaboration with
local government units, local leaders, community groups and private sector partners
at 6 national ICM demonstration sites, and 18 ICM parallel sites;
b. At the national level, PEMSEA promoted the development of national coastal and
ocean policies, legislation and action plans to strengthen ocean and coastal
governance, by providing policy guidelines and policy briefs, and organizing policy
workshops and think tanks to enhance national efforts. Partnerships among coastal
provinces, municipalities, cities, national agencies, donors and NGOs facilitated the
adoption of the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy and Bohai Sea Sustainable
Development Strategy, the Presidential Executive Order (No. 533) adopting ICM as a
National Strategy to Ensure Sustainable Development of the Coastal and Marine
Environment and Resources in the Philippines, and national legislation on the Bohai
Sea.
c. At the sub-regional level, PEMSEA was able to engineer a sub-regional partnership
among the littoral countries of the Gulf of Thailand. The development and
endorsement of the Joint Statement of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam on
Partnership in Oil Spill Preparedness and Response in the Gulf of Thailand, together
with a related Framework Program, provide clear evidence of the partnership that
has been built, as well as spin-off benefits regarding capacity building and
preparedness activities in cooperation with the petroleum industry.
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d. At the regional level, the development and endorsement of the Sustainable
Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia, an unprecedented output of
PEMSEA, has provided the much needed regional policy, management frameworks
and platforms for regional cooperation. The outcome of the work became apparent
with the signing of the Putrajaya Declaration in December 2003.
25.
Nevertheless, as recognized in the Terminal Evaluation Report, a considerable amount
of time is required for effective partnerships to be established and to take root. A regional
partnership mechanism (Figure 2) was developed by the countries as a means of coordinating
the implementation of the SDS-SEA. The new mechanism was adopted by the concerned
governments in December 2006 through the Haikou Partnership Agreement. The new
partnership mechanism provides the needed regional institutional arrangement to consolidate
these gains, and to put the implementation of the SDS-SEA on a self-sustaining path.
Policy Context
26.
In assessing the state of
EAS Executive
Ministerial Forum
policies and programs across
Policy
Committee
EAS Partnership Council
the region, with respect to the
Performance
implementation of the SDS-SEA,
P
M
r
oni
EAS Congress
ior
Regional
i
tori
it is evident that:
ties &
Secretariat Services
Partnership
ng &
Fund
O
b
PEMSEA Resource Facility
E
j
e
v
a
c
t
l
u
iv
a
a.
Efforts are primarily
Regional Task
e
Technical Services
ti
State of Coasts Report
s
o
n
Force
focused on the
Partnership Projects & Programs
PROTECT, DEVELOP
and COMMUNICATE
Regional/Sub-regional
strategies of the SDS-
National/Local
SEA (i.e., protecting
ecosystems, human
health and society from
risks which occur as a
Figure 2: Regional Mechanism for the Implementation
consequence of human
of the SDS-SEA
activity; developing
sustainable economic activities in marine and coastal areas; and communicating the
enhancement and exchange of ideas, information and knowledge among stakeholders
covering public awareness and understanding of coastal and marine resource
management issues and processes). While there is no implicit hierarchy on the levels of
implementation of the SDS-SEA, the imbalance implies varying levels of awareness,
institutional arrangements, capacities, and commitments. Hence, a targeted approach
that addresses these disparities and gaps at the national and sub-national level is
required.
b. The IMPLEMENT strategy, in general, appears to have the least amount of resource
commitments among countries (i.e., implementing capacity building and institutional
frameworks for executing relevant international conventions and agreements). This
suggests that countries are more focused on matters within their borders, and there is a
lack of regional thinking, which invariably undermines cross-sector and transboundary
programs. A more integrative perspective is warranted to address cross-cutting and
transboundary challenges to sustainable development, including strengthening of
coastal and marine governance at the national and regional levels, and up-scaling ICM
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
as a framework for achieving the objectives and targets of international environmental
instruments through local government implementation.
c. There is considerable variance in the levels of activities and resource allocations under
the SUSTAIN and PRESERVE strategies (i.e., sustaining the region's biological
diversity; and preserving coastal and marine resources and areas that should be
maintained because of their intrinsic value, including MPAs, rare, threatened and
endangered species and genetic resources, and transborder areas of social, cultural,
historical and geological significance). Increasing the understanding and capacities of
countries to focus on the challenges of sustainable development, particularly as related
to living resources and ecosystem-based management, is needed. In particular, a more
integrated perspective is warranted to address these issues as part of a holistic
management approach, for development and implementation at the local level.
27.
Policy and legislative gaps and disparities in capacities and priorities of individual
countries may be summarized as follows:
a. Although Cambodia does not have a comprehensive marine policy, a number of
action plans and programs related to the SDS-SEA implementation are ongoing,
including a National Environmental Action Plan, a New Social Policy Agenda,
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, a Socio-Economic Development Plan
2001-2005 (SEDP2), and a National Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003-2005.
Recognized limitations in capacity and coordination are affecting the implementation
of these programs, as well as the overall functionality of national mechanisms for
sustainable coastal and marine management. Enhancement of human capacities
and financial resources is required in order to pursue development projects, including
policy initiatives to attract private sector participation.
b. Under the Marine Environmental Protection Law 1999 (MEPL99) of the People's
Republic of China, governments at various levels in the coastal regions are held
responsible for maintaining marine ecosystem health. In addition, China has
established a comprehensive ocean management system along with a
comprehensive legal system that deals with the Exclusive Economic Zone and
continental shelf, and functional sea use and coastal use zoning schemes. However,
lack of coordination and local capacity persists, thereby inhibiting sustained and
effective participation of stakeholders and effective monitoring and evaluation of
progress. In addition, an inter-agency and multi-sectoral coordinating mechanism for
the implementation of SDS-SEA country program/policies would integrate on-going
and future pursuits towards realization of the SDS-SEA.
c. Indonesia's maritime development has largely been directed toward strengthening
of national sovereignty and jurisdiction based on the archipelagic outlook, which has
been recognized as the national strategy for development. However, the strategy has
not been implemented fully with regard to oceanic issues. In addition, policymakers
in the past have taken a more continental approach to development, and have been
unaware of the economic importance and potential of Indonesia's marine resources.
The new Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries faces critical challenges. It must
identify core coastal and ocean management issues and devise an appropriate
organizational structure to deal with such issues. Complicating the task is the current
era of reform and decentralization, which has led to the reshaping of the central
government's role. Despite the promising prospects offered by its potential marine
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resources, Indonesia's marine environment faces serious problems from land-based
and sea-based pollution, over fishing, degradation of coastal habitats, conflicts over
maritime space and resource utilization, illegal fishing and illegal dumping of wastes,
and the challenge of poverty among fish farmers and traditional fisher folk. A recent
effort by the Indonesian legislative assembly to develop national legislation for
coastal and marine areas and small islands is seen as a positive step forward.
d. The Philippines' National Marine Policy (1994) was intended to comprise a
comprehensive action plan to implement UNCLOS, and to introduce the concept of
archipelagic development and consideration of coastal and marine areas as the
locus of community and resources. The policy was intended to set the stage for
orienting development planning away from traditional land-focused strategies.
Despite the existence of the policy, the governance of the country's marine
resources and activities remains fragmented and uncoordinated. In 2004, A
Framework for Sustainable Philippine Archipelagic Development (ArcDev) was
prepared, in order to seek ways of improving implementation mechanisms and of
harmonizing various resource use and access arrangements. However, the Arc Dev
was never formally adopted by the Government. On 6 June 2006, Executive Order
No. 533 was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, officially adopting ICM as
the national strategy for the sustainable development of the country's coastal and
marine environment and resources, and establishing a national supporting
mechanism for implementation. The new policy builds on PEMSEA's work in the
Philippines over the past 12 years, and effectively commits the government to the
implementation of the ICM scaling-up program, as identified in the SDS-SEA
program of implementation. However, gaps in capacity and institutional mechanisms
remain a priority concern in order to fully achieve the objectives of the Executive
Order.
e. Since the creation of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 1996, the
Republic of Korea has strengthened its capacity and institutional mechanism in
integrated ocean and coastal governance by formulating a national ocean policy
(Ocean Korea 21 (OK21)). In addition, the country enhanced its legal framework with
the enactment of the Coastal Management Act and Wetland Conservation Act (1999),
the Marine Ecosystem Conservation Act (2005), and Marine Environment
Management Act (2006). The Coastal Management Act and other implementing
legislation provide a mechanism for implementing integrated coastal management,
including integrated planning and inter-agency coordinating committees at both
national and local levels, as well as applying ecosystem-based management
approaches. For the fiscal year of 2004, the total estimated government budget
related to the implementation of SDS-SEA was US $1.2 billion. Key national players
involved in SDS-SEA implementation include the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries (MOMAF), the Ministry of Environment (MOE), the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism (MOCT), the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs
(MOGAHA), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of
Agriculture and Forestry (MOAF).
f. Thailand's Navigation in Thai Waters Act was formulated as early as 1913 and its
Fisheries Act in 1947. There are several other relevant laws that are sectoral and
generally fall short of addressing cross-sectoral and multiple-use conflicts. This
sectoral orientation relates to the institutional landscape that likewise failed to
recognize the interconnectedness of environmental concerns. That leaves loopholes
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
in law enforcement. The newly-established agency, Department of Marine and
Coastal Resources is currently drafting a new law concerning coastal management.
g. Significant policy developments have taken place in Vietnam over the past decade,
including: the adoption of the Vietnam Agenda 21 and its implementing guidelines;
the National Strategy for Environmental Protection of 2001-2010 and Vision Towards
2020; the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy 2001-2010; and
the recent passing of the Master Plan on the Survey and Management of Marine
Resources and Environment until 2010 and Vision until 2020. This latter Plan
provides the legal framework for balancing coastal economic development with
environmental protection and management. Although Vietnam has undertaken
significant steps towards managing the use and exploitation of its coastal and marine
resources, greater effort is needed to keep pace with the rapid industrialization and
modernization that the country is experiencing. Specific priority program areas
include: the development and implementation of policies on management of marine
resources and environment; capacity building and technical infrastructure for the
protection of marine resources and the environment; and international cooperation in
the preparation of a sustainable development strategy for Vietnam's sea area.
h. Lao PDR has a number of framework strategies and directives on sustainable
development including: the National Environment Strategy (2020); the Prime
Ministerial Decree No. 164 on National Biodiversity Conservation Areas; a 5-year
socio-economic development plan (2001-2005); the Mekong Agreement, and 2003
Strategic Vision on Integrated Watershed Management. The Water Resources Law
and the Environmental Protection Law were issued in 1996 and 1999, respectively.
The Water Resource Coordination Committee has been established. The Lao
National Mekong Committee has core programs on water utilization, river basin
development, and environment sector programs on fisheries, agriculture, navigation
and water resource management.
i. Timor Leste lacks capacity in integrated management policies and approaches to
sustainable natural resource development. Traditional fishing rights and restrictions
apply and are widely respected.
Stakeholder Involvement
28. Stakeholder inclusion and participation is the principle strength of integrated
management. Based on PEMSEA's experience and existing networks in the region, a full array
of stakeholders are expected to participate in the project at the national level, including national
ministries and agencies covering environment, agriculture, fisheries, health, education,
transportation, energy, tourism, industry, foreign affairs, economic development, and finance. In
addition to the public sector, national NGOs (e.g., scientific and technical societies; professional
associations; sustainable development organizations) and the private sector (i.e., Chambers of
Commerce; financial institutions; industry organizations) will be engaged as members of
national coordinating committees (NCCs), tasked with developing and coordinating initiatives at
the country level, including the formulation and implementation of national policy for coastal and
ocean governance and programs aimed at: overcoming barriers and constraints to improving
interagency and multisectoral coordination; scaling up ICM programs; strengthening public and
private sector investments in pollution reduction facilities and services; and leveraging
partnerships across governments and sectors to address transboundary issues through
integrated watershed and coastal area management.
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29.
At the sub-national level, local governments implementing ICM programs will serve as
the main vehicles for engaging stakeholders. A key management strategy of ICM is
collaboration and coordination among agencies and stakeholders with coastal management
mandates and concerns. All sites will have Project Coordinating Committees (PCC) composed
of multi-sectoral representatives. The project calls for scaling up of ICM programs across the
region to cover 5% of the total coastline by 2010. This implies that between 100 and 150 local
governments will be initiating or implementing ICM programs over the next three years.
Stakeholder groups will vary from community to community but, in general, will include local
industry, SME's, community-based organizations (e.g., fisher folks, women's organizations,
students, religious groups), educators, universities/academe, public healthcare providers, the
media, and the private sector.
30.
At the regional level, the EAS Partnership Council (i.e., part of the new regional
partnership mechanism) will be the main mechanism by which national and international
stakeholders will interact and collaborate on the implementation of the SDS-SEA. The EAS
Partnership Council will be comprised of representatives from the national governments, local
governments and communities, NGO's, research and educational institutions, the private sector,
regional organizations, programs and projects, international agencies and organizations, and
other countries using the Seas of East Asia. The Council will formulate both program and
operational policy in support of the SDS-SEA implementation, based on policy direction,
recommendations and commitments provided by the countries and their partners.
31.
Existing efforts of international and regional organizations and programs in the region
also contribute to SDS-SEA implementation, by executing their respective mandates to improve
environmental quality in identified localities, enhance management capacity, and increase
awareness of resource use problems and the need for replication of innovative management
approaches. The UNEP/GEF Project entitled "Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in
the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand" fosters stakeholder collaboration and capacity
building in addressing environmental problems, particularly related to fisheries, coral reefs,
mangroves, seagrass and wetlands. The UNDP/GEF Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem
Project aims to protect, conserve and manage the Yellow Sea, focusing on sustainable fisheries
management and the reduction of stress to the ecosystem. Building on the past and on-going
national, regional and international efforts in the region, the SDS-SEA implementation project
will facilitate further interaction and partnership arrangements among these efforts, addressing
those environmental and resource use issues that cut across geographic, administrative and
disciplinary boundaries in particular.
32.
Finally, the EAS Congress, to be convened every three years, will bring together
stakeholders from the different levels of government and sectors of society, from within and
outside the region, for meaningful dialogue and knowledge exchange on progress, challenges,
constraints and achievements concerning implementation of the SDS-SEA. In conjunction with
the Congress, a Ministerial Forum will be organized to evaluate the contributions of the
partnership arrangement to SDS-SEA implementation, as well as to reconfirm country
commitments to regional and national targets and program objectives for the subsequent three
years.
33.
The Stakeholder Involvement Plan for the GEF project is attached in Annex 6.
Barriers to Sustainable Development
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34.
Some of the major barriers being experienced by countries of the region to arresting
and/or reversing the downward trend in the productivity and quality of coastal and marine
ecosystems can be summarized as follows:
a. Policy and administrative overlaps among the various sectoral agencies, which are
responsible for management of coastal and marine resources, resulting in interagency
conflicts and ineffective implementation of environmental laws. National policies are
needed that mainstream coastal and ocean governance into the economic development
policies and programs of the countries. In addition, nationwide application and expansion
of ICM initiatives and efforts requires high-level political commitments and leadership, as
well as a long-term vision and clear guidance in consideration of national development
needs and priorities.
b. Lack of coordination among the many agencies, projects, levels of government and
sectors with mandates and a stake in sustainability of the resources of concern.
Strengthening national interagency and multisectoral mechanisms is required in order to
coordinate and manage cross-sector use of marine and coastal resources in most
countries.
c. Limited understanding of coastal and marine ecosystems and the linkages between
human activities in watershed areas, and the resulting impacts in estuaries, coastal
areas and coastal seas. Management interventions need to factor in the
interdependence and impact of different activities on each other and on the ecosystem
as a whole. This should be guided by sound scientific knowledge, which may not be
readily available in all countries, or at sub-national levels. Relevant scientific and
technical support are needed, building upon the existing intellectual capital that is
available in the region.
d. Inadequate management experience and capacities in ICM/ecosystem-based
management among national and local governments, thereby limiting the ability to scale-
up integrated river basin and coastal area management efforts throughout the coastlines
of the region. Greater emphasis is needed to address this capacity disparity within and
among countries, applying the working models and knowledge gained at national ICM
demonstration sites and ICM parallel sites, to establish national ICM technical support
groups, and to develop relevant ICM materials and training programs in local languages.
e. Limited public awareness and understanding of the importance of coastal and marine
resources. People's feeling of a shared responsibility for the well-being of the next
generation, and a long-term stewardship for the coasts and oceans are the key to the
success of the sustainable coasts and ocean governance. Public awareness and
participation, in partnership with the private sector, academe, NGOs and POs, needs to
be improved, including a constructive role for the youth. Young people are the future
consumers and stewards of natural resources. Their involvement is pivotal in
determining whether existing efforts in environmental management will be sustained
over time.
f. Insufficient financial resources and/or lack of access to financing for the development
and implementation of required environmental infrastructure, including the much-needed
water, sewage and sanitation facilities and services. Innovative policies, programs,
financing mechanisms and arrangements are needed at the national and local levels to
support environmental improvement projects, and to leverage investments and
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partnerships among local governments, the private sector, financial institutions, and civil
society.
g. Lack of a regional mechanism and concrete, process-oriented agenda, focused on
transboundary environmental and natural resource issues spanning the six LMEs of the
region. Countries acting independently are not able to solve the various transboundary
problems occurring in the region, which also have serious in-country consequences,
including: pollutant loadings from river discharges, ocean currents, sea-based activities,
or atmospheric deposition of contaminants; over fishing and destructive fishing practices;
operational discharges and accidental spills from ships; introduction of alien species;
transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; trade in endangered species; sub-
regional growth areas; and changes in consumption and use patterns and international
trade. A new paradigm in regional collaboration is required if these constraints are to be
overcome...one that involves not only governments, but international organizations,
donors, financial institutions, industry, the business community, academe and civil
society working in partnership.
Baseline and Alternative Scenarios
35.
The East Asian region is composed of countries and economies spanning the spectrum
of the rich and industrialized, along with the poor and underdeveloped. This disparity translates
to wide variations in capability in the technical and financial sense. Without impartial external
support, narrowing of such disparities would be extremely difficult to attain. Resources raised
from within the region will naturally come dominantly from the best endowed among the member
countries, and as such, are likely to be subject to allocation preferences that may not
necessarily serve the interest of equity. On this basis, one may argue that continued external
support via the GEF/UNDP funding mechanism would be crucial in addressing region-wide
challenges and in promoting holistic and equitable implementation of the SDS-SEA. In
particular, the support from GEF/UNDP and donors would allow the unequal economic
development and capacities in the region to be dealt with. Greater equity will be a conscious
goal, with the objective of turning the member countries into more equal partners in the
subsequent periods of the project.
36. Under
the
baseline scenario, despite efforts taken in arresting environmental
degradation, without further governance improvement and capacity development, the
implementation of the SDS-SEA remains tenuous. Without visible signs of progress, political
interest and support begin to wane, and fiscal restraints among some EAS countries result in
reduced public environmental expenditures. Resource commitments do not increase
commensurately with the need to address pressures on East Asia's natural resources. Threats
to national and regional security, brought about by economic development and competition over
limited resources (e.g., fisheries; mariculture; tourism; shipping; natural resource
exploration/exploitation; coastal development) result in increased transboundary political, social,
cultural, economic and environmental risks that have negative consequences both within and
beyond the region. There would be no critical mass of partnership arrangements, across the
bulk of the region, to maintain the awareness and momentum for change among the many
sectors and key players.
37.
The limited portfolio of investments in improved environmental infrastructure (i.e., water;
sewage; sanitation; industrial and hazardous waste) among EAS countries continues to lack
strategic channeling to address the pervasive and generally low public environmental
expenditures. The role of the private sector, as a partner in investment, operation and
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
16
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
management of environmental facilities and services remains ambiguous, not being part of
national policy and financing programs, designed to leverage such partnerships. International
financial institutions continue to serve as a primary source of financing for environmental
infrastructure in countries, but the pace of improvements is slow among the lesser developed
countries. Priority environmental infrastructure improvements would continue to be identified by
central governments in some countries, and funded through national government financing
programs and/or IFI loans. Essential capacity building, scientific support, information gathering
and knowledge transfer systems continue to be supported by donors and international agencies
and organizations, albeit on an ad hoc basis.
38.
For the most part, countries would continue to manage marine and coastal issues in a
sectoral manner, and independently. Countries with the capacities and resources would
progress towards sustainability of marine and coastal areas. Interagency and cross-sectoral
conflicts would be resolved over time, as these countries begin to realize the benefits of an
integrated management approach. However, other less-developed countries would remain
mired in a struggle to achieve economic growth and prosperity, in the face of overexploitation,
destruction and degradation of natural resources, poverty and social discontent. The gap
between the developed and the developing would widen. While established coordinating
mechanisms within the region would begin to take up some of the objectives and action
programs of the SDS-SEA, these intergovernmental bodies are unable to provide the coverage
or comprehensive support that is required to address the interconnectivity characteristics and
issues of the East Asian Seas.
39. The
alternative scenario is one in which PEMSEA continues to serve as a cohesive
regional mechanism over a transition period of 10 years. The regional partnership mechanism
for SDS-SEA implementation is able to generate trust among the different sectors, and to
facilitate wide recognition of the benefits of a regional approach to sustainable development of
the shared coastal and marine resources. Confidence among the government partners is
strengthened, and agreement is reached on the establishment of an independent and self-
sustaining regional mechanism, with its own legal identity.
40.
The majority of countries develop national coastal and marine management programs,
which parallel the management framework and policies outlined in the SDS-SEA. The 6-year
framework of partnership programs, developed and adopted by the EAS Partnership Council,
serves as a platform for south-south and north-south cooperation and collaboration, and
facilitates the formulation and implementation of national policies, coordinating mechanisms and
programs aimed at integrated management of watersheds and coastal areas. A principal
strategy of national programs focuses on capacity building and local government
implementation of ICM. The ICM framework and process advances from an era of
demonstration to an on-the-ground management system for sustainable development of coastal
lands and waters, covering at least 20% of the region's coastline by 2015. In addition, an ICM
Code is developed and adopted by the countries. The Code is adopted for voluntary use as an
international standard for ICM program development, implementation and evaluation, and as a
basis for the certification and recognition of local governments implementing ICM programs.
41.
Consequently, demands for increased investments in pollution reduction facilities and
services are precipitated, resulting in a reduction in nutrient loadings to rivers and coastal areas.
Innovative approaches to financing environmental investments and engaging the private sector
as a partner are tested, evaluated and replicated, through strategic partnership arrangements
with the World Bank, UNDP, UNEP and other international agencies and institutions. Practical
experiences and good practices are packaged and shared across the region, resulting in policy
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
reforms and the adoption of innovative financing programs that further leverage public and
private sector investments.
42.
Most importantly, the unevenness of awareness and capacities within countries and
among countries of the region is acknowledged, and efforts toward leveling of capabilities and
sustaining partnerships are making headway. Through such initiatives as Areas of Excellence
programs, networking of scientific institutions, professional upgrading and training programs,
internships, study tours, and partnerships involving governments, the international community,
the corporate/business sector, communities/NGOs and donors, the distribution of intellectual
capital for managing marine and coastal ecosystems among the participating countries of
PEMSEA is more balanced. The results are a better understanding of the interconnectivity
between human activities and healthy ecosystems, and more equitable and sustainable use and
management of coastal and marine resources at the country and regional levels.
PROJECT STRATEGY
Project Design
Project Rationale and Conformity
43.
The proposed project corresponds to the GEF4 Strategic Objective to play a catalytic
role in addressing transboundary water concerns by assisting countries to utilize the full range
of technical assistance, economic, financial, regulatory and institutional reforms that are needed,
including active leveraging of co-financing. The project is designed to establish/strengthen the
necessary capacities among the participating countries and their national and regional partners,
which will transform PEMSEA from a donor-sponsored, regional enabling project into a country-
owned, self-sustaining regional mechanism for the implementation of the SDS-SEA.
44.
The SDS-SEA is extremely significant as it is the first, and the broadest, partnership
agreement in the region on the issue of managing the regional seas. The mission of the SDS-
SEA is:
To build interagency, intersectoral, and intergovernmental partnerships for
achieving the sustainable development of the Seas of East Asia.
45.
To this end, the countries of East Asia have agreed to establish an innovative regional
partnership mechanism through transformation of the existing PEMSEA regional collaborative
mechanism. The new regional mechanism, referred to as the East Asian Seas (EAS)
Partnership Council, has been established with the current PEMSEA Project Steering
Committee at its core, expanded to include invited representatives of international financing
organizations, donor organizations, regional and bilateral organizations, local governments,
NGOs, and private sector representatives. A PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF) Secretariat
Services, funded entirely by the participating countries, has been set up to provide member
countries and their partners on the EAS Partnership Council with day-to-day secretariat support,
including monitoring and evaluation of adopted work programs and time-bound targets.
46.
The SDS-SEA addresses priority concerns in several sectors including land-based and
sea-based pollution, overfishing, health and safety, loss of biodiversity, habitat preservation,
sustainable water use and water resource management, natural and man-made hazards, and
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
other challenges of sustainable coastal management. The SDS-SEA identifies the variety of
values of the Seas of East Asia to the people of the region, such as ecological, economic,
aesthetic, recreational, historical, political, educational and cultural. It further identifies the
threats to the maintenance of these values, and develops a shared vision of actions that would
serve to sustain, preserve and protect these values for future generations. Land-based pollution
(particularly from hotspots defined in the strategy) is identified as a primary threat to the Seas of
East Asia. Reduction of land-based pollution through policy strengthening, capacity building,
scaling up investments in pollution control, and the strengthening of environmental management
in watersheds and coastal areas, are all confirmed as priority activities that would contribute to
the strategy's main objective of achieving sustainability in the Seas of East Asia.
47.
Supporting the conclusions reached by the countries of the region in the SDS-SEA, is
the region's Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA), completed in 2005. This analysis,
also sponsored by GEF, and following the international framework adopted by GEF for
identifying environmental problems, has conducted detailed assessments of the Seas of East
Asia, and has prioritized interventions for these problems. Like SDS-SEA, GIWA identified land-
based pollution as a major threat in the region.
48.
GEF resources in support of the implementation of the SDS-SEA are aimed at
strengthening the operation of the new regional mechanism to bring about the necessary policy
reforms, institutional arrangements, capacity development and partnership commitments at the
local, national and regional levels. These efforts will generate a critical mass of operating
arrangements, knowledge and competence within and among the countries and concerned
stakeholders to address transboundary environmental concerns on a long-term and self-reliant
basis.
49.
The project is part of a "two-project" GEF Strategic Partnership for Sustainable
Development of the Seas of East Asia, serving as the regional complement to the World
Bank/GEF Partnership Investment Fund for Pollution Reduction in the LMEs of East Asia. The
Investment Fund, the first tranche of which was approved by GEF Council in November 2005, is
one of the primary financing arms of the land-based pollution reduction activities proposed in the
SDS-SEA. The Investment Fund provides a mechanism through which the World Bank is able
to engage with individual participating countries and the EAS Partnership Council to ensure the
World Bank's investment and knowledge-building activities in the region contribute more
effectively and on a larger scale to the countries' initiatives to achieve the goals of the SDS-SEA.
50.
Specific outcomes of the proposed project that support the focus of the GEF4
International Waters Strategy include:
a. A functioning, multi-country/multi-sectoral regional mechanism for coordinating,
implementing, monitoring and evaluating, and refining the implementation of the adopted
SDS-SEA, including programs of work and time-bound pollution reduction targets;
b. National legislation, policy, institutional arrangements and programs in support of scaling
up integrated coastal management (ICM)/ecosystem-based management (EBM) and
pollution reduction investments in priority watersheds and coastal areas, targeting 20%
coverage of the region's coastline with ICM programs by 2015;
c. Strong focus on using governance reform and investments as tools to combat land-
based pollution from nutrients and oxygen-depleting substances that cause anoxic
coastal `dead zones';
d. Corporate sector/business community engaged in Strategic Partnership arrangements
with national and local governments, the World Bank, other IFIs, and donors, developing
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
and demonstrating innovative cost-effective investment measures for reducing nutrient
and oxygen demanding pollutants from the municipal, industrial and agricultural sectors
in priority watersheds and coastal areas;
e. South-South and North-South twinning arrangements in river basin and coastal area
management in place, facilitating the transfer of knowledge, skills and technology and
accelerating the implementation of EBM programs and investments in identified
transboundary pollution hotspots of the region;
f. Sustainable financing mechanisms established at national and/or regional levels (i.e.,
outcomes of Strategic Partnership demonstrations), advancing the scaling up and
replication of good practices in public and private sector investments for pollution
reduction, conservation/restoration of habitats, and alternative livelihood programs in
coastal communities; and
g. A State of Coasts reporting system in place, providing feedback on the social, economic
and environmental changes in priority watersheds and coastal areas at the national and
regional levels, occurring as a consequence of management interventions under the
SDS-SEA program, and serving as a platform for sharing the region's lessons and
experiences in achieving WSSD and MDG targets with other IW regions/projects.
51.
The GEF has invested US$24.2 million over the past 12 years in the PEMSEA Regional
Programme and its predecessor, the regional project on Prevention and Management of Marine
Pollution in the East Asian Seas. This US$ 2 million average annual investment has brought
the region benefits far more than the face value of the grant, in the form of:
· discernable improvement in environmental conditions and natural resource stocks in
many project demonstration sites;
· enhanced efficiency in natural resource use through wider adoption of coastal zoning
schemes, legal and policy reforms, and overall governance improvements;
· a core base of ICM and sub-regional sea area/hotspot management experiences, which
have leveraged investments by 18 local governments of the region, and some US$ 1.2
billion in management project funds and investment in Shihwa, RO Korea and Bohai Sea,
China;
· improved governance of marine and coastal resources, including strengthened
international cooperation and solidarity, as evidenced by the 16 international
collaborators for the SDS-SEA;
· social and economic returns and benefits from investments in environmental
infrastructure and rehabilitation of resources, as seen at ICM sites;
· partnerships, networks, scientific and technical skills, decision-making tools, and political
will and commitments;
· co-financing, counterpart provisions and in-kind support in excess of 150% of the GEF
contribution; and
· a unique regional strategy and implementing mechanism, founded on the experience,
knowledge, processes and partnerships of the GEF-supported project.
52.
PEMSEA has shown that, when used catalytically, GEF resources can pave the way for
much more in resource commitments from, and benefits to, a variety of partners and
stakeholders in the region, including the poor whose livelihoods and very sustenance depend on
the bounties of the coasts and oceans. Given the continuing need, the mechanisms that have
already been put in place, and the emerging critical mass of local, national and transboundary
initiatives that have become evident, GEF support is essential in order to catalyze and secure
the partnerships and commitments that are necessary to sustain the effort over the long-term.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
The strategy of the Project is to put into operation a core set of partnership arrangements,
capacities and capabilities at the regional, national and local levels that will facilitate the
expansion and sustainability of SDS-SEA implementation, including key issues such as
development of national policies concerning sustainable development, pollution reduction, etc.,
the scaling up of ICM across the region's coastline, and the development and implementation of
investment plans for improved pollution reduction.
53.
Although this submission covers only three years, the full project will be implemented
over 10 years. The first 3 years will be the transitional period, in which countries, their partners
and other stakeholders will develop, agree on, and commence the implementation of a 6-year
framework of partnership programs. The focus of activities will be on national level legal, policy
and institutional reforms for improved coastal and ocean governance, initiation and
implementation of national ICM programs and scaling up at the national level, the codification of
ICM as an on-the-ground practice for achieving sustainable development of coastal lands and
waters in the region, reducing land-based pollution, protecting and restoring biodiversity and
habitats, and fostering sustainable coastal fisheries and alternative livelihoods for the coastal
poor.
54.
The second 3 years will be the transformation period, in which the developed regional
paradigm will be fully implemented, evaluated for effectiveness and appropriateness from the
perspectives of the concerned government and non-government partners, improved, and
transformed from a regional arrangement under the framework of the UN into a self-sustaining,
long-term regional facility with its own legal personality. Outcomes will include: a sustainable
regional mechanism for the implementation of the SDS-SEA; integration of ICM scaling up
programs into the national economic development programs of the majority of participating
countries; replication of good policies and practices as derived from the World Bank/UNDP/PRF
Strategic Partnership into public and private sector financing programs for pollution reduction;
operationalizing an ICM Recognition/Certification system to measure progress and conformity
with the ICM Code; and incorporation of the State of Coasts reporting system into the majority of
national reporting systems on marine and coastal resource management.
55.
The final 4 years will be the sustainable operation period. The GEF would exit as a major
sponsor of the project, and countries and their partners will take full responsibility for SDS-SEA
implementation, and the sustainability of the strategic regional partnership and its operating
arrangements.
56.
The objectives, component activities, expected outputs and country participation in each
phase of the 10-year transformation are summarized in Annex 1, as documented and agreed
during the PDF-B consultation process.
Project Goal and Objectives
57. The
developmental objective is to facilitate the implementation of the Sustainable
Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA) through mobilization of the
necessary partnership arrangements, operating mechanisms, intellectual capital, support
services and resources for the achievement of the shared vision of sustainable use of coastal
and marine resources of the region and the development targets of the WSSD Plan of
Implementation and the UN MDGs.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
58. The
project's
global environment objective is to promote environmental sustainability of
the East Asia's six shared LME's and to transfer the acquired knowledge and lessons learned to
countries within the region, to other countries, and to other regions of the world.
59.
In pursuit of these objectives, the project will be implemented over eight (8) major
components. The eight components entail three major categories of activity, namely:
management, core operations, and supporting activities (Figure 3).
60.
The Management category consists of activities and outputs related to the development
and strengthening of the regional mechanism (i.e., the IMPLEMENT strategy of the SDS-SEA),
which sets priorities and objectives, coordinates, monitors, evaluates and continually improves
the approved program of actions for implementation of the SDS-SEA (Component A).
61.
The Core Operations category and outputs include project components (Components B,
C, and D) that will directly assist countries in achieving the overall mission and objectives of the
SDS-SEA, particularly with respect to the PROTECT, DEVELOP, and IMPLEMENT strategies
and action programs. For the transitional period, the focus will be on national policy and
program reforms to strengthen SDS-SEA implementation, scaling up ICM programs at the
national and local government levels, implementation of coastal strategies at PEMSEA ICM
demonstration sites and pollution hotspots, and south-south and north-south technical
cooperation in ecosystem-based management of watersheds, estuaries and adjacent coastal
seas through twinning arrangements.
62.
The Supporting Activities category and outputs (Components E, F, G and H) are those
human, financial, scientific, technical, legal, information and corporate/private sector resources
that are needed to ensure satisfactory performance of the core operating activities, as well as to
facilitate sustainability and continual improvement of the SDS-SEA program at the local,
national and regional levels (i.e., PROTECT, DEVELOP, IMPLEMENT and COMMUNICATE
strategies and action programs). The supporting components are designed to remove
disparities in capacity for core operating activities, among countries and within countries. The
supporting components also serve as a window to the global community, receiving scientific,
technical and financial advice and support through Strategic Partnership arrangements with the
UNDP, the World Bank, and others, and providing case studies, good practices and lessons
learned on innovative approaches to sustainable development of marine and coastal resources,
as applied in the East Asian region.
63.
The overarching strategy of the project is founded upon four values, which are built into
each component of the work program, namely:
a. Partnerships, involving governments and key stakeholders from the public and private
sectors at the local, national, and international levels, are the foundation for change.
Each component activity of the project begins as a partnership, and each partner brings
a positive dimension to problem solving and overcoming the barriers and constraints to
achieving the objectives of the SDS-SEA.
b. Capacity development is a continuing process. It begins with education and training, but
is nurtured and expanded through application, hands-on experience, information sharing,
knowledge development and transfer and, basically, learning from each other. Each
activity of the project entails some form of capacity development, mobilizing existing
intellectual capital at the community level, scientific institutions, government agencies,
the private sector, and/or the international community, for the benefit of the work
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
program and, over the longer term, for sustainable social, economic and environmental
development.
c. The efficacy of the project's `scaling-up' thrust is dependent upon the outcomes of
policies, activities and investments that will serve as good practices for replication within
a country, or among countries of the region, under similar circumstances. The replication
potential of a policy, practice or process is therefore a key measure of its value, and is
integrated into each activity of the work program.
d. Societal change happens over an extended period. With the development of awareness,
understanding, and capacity transformations in the environment occur. Measuring and
assessing progress toward desired goals of the SDS-SEA requires indicators that not
only focus on the long-term changes in the environment, but also indicators that reflect
the behavioral shifts of society and responses to the root causes of environmental
degradation and destruction. The State of Coasts reporting system (Component A) will
provide the means to identifying and monitoring these indicative changes.
64.
Adaptive management underpins the various components of the project's work program,
in recognition of the many different and complex issues in coastal areas across the region. For
example, the processes in each component are flexible and gradual; outputs serve as
guideposts that may need to be realigned or at least rescheduled depending on the local
situation; and progress is always measurable but the rate of progress is relative to capacity.
These aspects of adaptive management, and others, will be applied throughout the
implementation of the work program.
Project Outcomes, Outputs and Activities
65.
The respective outputs and outcomes in the project design as well as the matrix of
priorities to be implemented in each of the participating countries reflect the results of national
workshops, consultations and negotiations carried out in the participating countries and regional
and international institutions, programs and projects during the PDF-B initiative. The activities
and the interlinkages, as shown in Figure 3, have been designed to address priority issues,
ongoing activities and commitments of countries and other stakeholders, as well as the
capabilities and capacity needs of individual countries.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
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Figure 3: Project Components and their Linkages
MANAGEMENT CATEGORY
Immediate Objective 1: To catalyze the implementation of action programs of the SDS-
SEA aimed at legal, policy and institutional reforms, and investments, at the local,
national and regional levels, with a particular focus on scaling up and sustaining
integrated coastal management (ICM) practices to reduce coastal and marine
degradation.
COMPONENT A: A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR SDS-SEA
IMPLEMENTATION
Outcome 1: An intergovernmental, multi-sectoral EAS Partnership Council, coordinating,
evaluating and refining the implementation of the SDS-SEA, and advancing the regional
partnership arrangement to a higher level.
Output A.1: A country-owned regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation
66.
At the 11th intergovernmental Programme Steering Committee of the PEMSEA Regional
Programme (August 2005), countries achieved consensus on three instruments that spelled out
the modalities by which Governments and their Partners would interact and cooperate within a
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regional partnership arrangement, namely: a) the Partnership Agreement for Implementation of
the SDS-SEA; b) the Partnership Operating Arrangements for Implementation of the SDS-SEA;
and c) a pro-forma Cost-Sharing Agreement (CSA) for country cash contributions to fund the
PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF) Secretariat Services to support the activities identified under
the two previous instruments. Japan, RO Korea and PR China have started to provide financial
support for the operation of the PRF Secretariat Services through the CSA mechanism.
67.
The Partnership Agreement focuses on participating governments' commitments to
priority targets under the SDS-SEA to the year 2015, the composition of the regional
implementing mechanism, and a three-year action plan for countries, covering the period 2007-
2010. The Partnership Agreement was signed by the respective Ministers of participating
countries at the December 2006 Ministerial Forum in Haikou, PR China.
68. The Partnership Operating Arrangements detail the operating modality of an
intergovernmental and multi-sectoral partnership, which has as its main objective the
implementation of the SDS-SEA. The document identifies the roles and rights of partners, and
the operating mechanisms by which partners will work together, including: a) the EAS
Partnership Council (Council) as the governing body; b) the PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF)
providing secretariat and technical support services to the partners; c) the Regional Partnership
Fund (RPF) receiving voluntary donations for building capacity to implement the SDS-SEA; and
finally d) the EAS Congress, with the International Conference and the Ministerial Forum,
becoming a triennial forum for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the SDS-SEA,
facilitating knowledge exchange, advocacy and multi-stakeholder participation, and providing
policy direction and commitments for improving and strengthening the implementation of the
SDS-SEA.
69.
Component A will facilitate the start-up, operation, monitoring and evaluation, reporting,
and sustainability of the regional partnership arrangement. The idea is to ensure that, by the
end of 2010, there will be: a high level of participation and ownership for the regional
partnership arrangement among all countries; key stakeholders will be represented in the
Council and will be contributing to the work program and targets as adopted by the Council; the
PRF Secretariat will be operating as an effective and highly professional coordinating,
monitoring and evaluation arm of Council; and the partnership among countries and other
stakeholders in the region will be providing the resources, skills and services required to sustain
SDS-SEA implementation over the long-term.
70.
Component A will also address the implementation of interlinkages among the different
scales (i.e., regional, sub-regional, national and sub-national levels) and primacy of
management interventions at these different scales, in order to accomplish adopted strategies,
objectives and targets. The SDS-SEA framework and its ICM action program, will be the early
focus of management interventions in areas where more detailed strategies and interventions
have not been developed or adopted by national governments. When and where SAPs are
endorsed by governments, SAP interventions would provide a further level of detail that would
be pursued, in addition to any ICM/coastal strategy that might exist.
71.
Effective monitoring and evaluation are recognized as vital tools in the development and
management of the work program for SDS-SEA implementation. If done well, the information
will provide countries, international and regional organizations, sub-regional programs, donors,
the scientific community and the general public with information on:
· current conditions of marine and coastal resources;
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
· trends or changes that are occurring;
· the driving forces of these changes;
· the social, economic and environmental implications; and
· the responses of countries and other sectors as related to SDS-SEA implementation, as
well as the effectiveness of such responses.
72.
For this purpose, a regional State of Coasts reporting system will be developed and
implemented by building onto, and adding value to, any existing reporting systems at the
national and sub-regional levels.
Activities for Output A.1:
A.1.1 Formulate and facilitate the adoption and implementation of a rolling 6-year framework of
partnership programs, covering the interlinkages among the different scales (i.e., regional, sub-
regional, national and sub-national levels) and the primacy of management interventions at
these different scales. Identify the gaps and disparities in capacities to achieve identified goals,
and put together specific collaborative and mutually supportive arrangements among interested
international, regional, sub-regional and country partners to enhance management interventions
and impacts.
A.1.2 Establish a voluntary regional Partnership Fund as a support mechanism to reduce in-
country and cross-country capacity disparities, for improved implementation of the SDS-SEA.
A.1.3 Put into operation a country-owned and sustainable PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF)
providing: a) secretariat services to the EAS Partnership Council; and b) policy and technical
support services to participating countries and other stakeholders, including evaluation and
transfer of good practices from and in collaboration with ongoing projects and programs
especially those supported by GEF and other partners.
A.1.4 Organize and initiate the financing and operating arrangements for a triennial regional
EAS Congress, including a Ministerial Forum, to serve as vehicle for countries to re-confirm
their commitments to the implementation of the SDS-SEA, and as an International Conference
to provide a medium for reporting, monitoring and evaluating the progress of SDS-SEA
implementation.
A.1.5 Develop and put into action at the local, national, subregional and regional levels, a
regular reporting system for the State of Coasts (SOC) report for the Seas of East Asia, to
monitor progress and impacts of the implementation activities and programs within the
framework of the SDS-SEA.
Output A.2: A Plan of Action for transforming PEMSEA into a country- and partner-owned,
self-sustaining regional implementing mechanism for the SDS-SEA with a legal
personality
73.
A second major consideration of Component A is the evolution of PEMSEA into country-
and partner-owned, self-sustaining regional mechanism operating outside of the UN framework
with its own legal personality. A process and timeframe for the transformation will be developed,
approved and initiated during this phase. PEMSEA is in a transition phase. The goal is to
transform PEMSEA from a donor-funded, project-oriented regional initiative, into a country- and
partner-supported, self-sustaining regional mechanism.
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74.
The transformation process of PEMSEA requires strategizing, consensus development
and implementation, in close collaboration with the national and regional players. A process
and timeframe have been approved by the country partners. The principal aims of the GEF-
support are to provide the catalyst for the transformation and to ensure the sustainability of the
regional mechanism. The first six years of the 10-year transformation period in which PEMSEA
makes the transition require a strong guiding presence, which is not only sensitive to the
political, economic and social characteristics of each of the country partners, but provides the
network and capacity to facilitate access to policy-makers and decision-takers across the region.
Activities for Output A.2:
A.2.1 Identify and evaluate countries' perspectives regarding the benefits and constraints of
different operating and administrative arrangements and facilitate consensus among countries
regarding the transformation to a long term, self-sustaining regional implementing mechanism
for the SDS-SEA.
A.2.2 Conduct a series of seminars/consultations involving pertinent national agencies and
institutions to build consensus on a Plan of Action to create a long term, self-sustained regional
mechanism.
A.2.3 Submit a Plan of Action to the EAS Partnership Council 2008 for endorsement to
Governments.
A.2.4 Upon approval, initiate the implementation of the Plan of Action, including among others,
preparation of working documents for the PEMSEA transformation.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT A
A PEMSEA Partnership Council fully functional, and recognized regionally and
internationally as a model partnership arrangement and implementing mechanism for the
sustainable development and management of the Seas of East Asia;
A self-sustaining PEMSEA Resource Facility completely operational, providing
secretariat services to the Council, the EAS Congress and pertinent regional networks,
delivering policy, technical and scientific advice and support, and capacity building to
PEMSEA countries and their partners on a cost-recovery basis, with a full range of
pertinent services and specialized skills, reducing disparities in capacities within and
among PEMSEA countries and fast-tracking SDS-SEA implementation;
A tri-annual EAS Congress, serving as the principal forum for multi-stakeholder, multi-
sectoral review and evaluation of the progress of SDS-SEA implementation, providing a
springboard for innovative partnerships and collaborative, integrated approaches to
bridge the gap between sustainability and productivity;
A regional Partnership Fund, governed by the PEMSEA Partnership Council, channeling
voluntary contributions from countries, international agencies, donors, institutions and
individuals to SDS-SEA activities in lesser developed areas of the region, creating social,
economic and environmental benefits through environmental infrastructure development
and biodiversity conservation and rehabilitation projects at the local level; and
A rolling 6-year regional partnership program, involving countries, their partners and
collaborating international, regional and sub-regional institutions, organizations and
projects, and facilitating the implementation of interlinkages among adopted
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management interventions across related projects and programs at different political,
geographical and ecological scales;
A Regional State of Coasts report published and submitted to the EAS Congress 2009.
Plan of Action initiated to transform PEMSEA into a self-sustaining regional mechanism
for SDS-SEA implementation with its own legal identity.
CORE OPERATIONS CATEGORY
COMPONENT B: NATIONAL POLICIES AND REFORMS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL
AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
Outcome 2: National policies and programs on sustainable coastal and ocean
development mainstreamed into social and economic development programs of
participating countries
Output B.1: An agreed framework, methodology and indicators for social and economic
contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors developed and demonstrated in two
countries of the region.
75.
The current situation in many countries of the region, as determined in the baseline
assessment, is that the value and benefits derived from the coastal and marine sector are not
fully recognized by decision-makers, and the costs of such oversight have not been fully
appreciated. Thus, the focus of this activity is to develop and implement innovative approaches
designed to raise coastal and ocean governance issues on the political agenda of participating
countries.
Activities for Output B.1:
B.1.1 Organize a Regional Task Force to facilitate consensus among national and
international stakeholders on a framework, methodology and appropriate indicators for
assessing social and economic contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors within the
East Asian region.
B.1.2 Facilitate the conduct of at least two national assessments of the social and economic
contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors in participating countries.
B.1.3 Organize a regional forum for senior managers and policy-makers at the EAS Congress
2009, covering social and economic contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors and
promoting policy reforms for strengthening coastal and ocean governance.
Output B.2: National policy, legislative and institutional reforms, and interagency and
multi-sectoral coordinating mechanisms aimed at improved integrated management of
marine and coastal areas.
76.
The SDS-SEA includes four key action programs that provide direction for improving
coastal and ocean governance at the national level, namely:
77.
Under the PROTECT strategy:
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a. enhancing the awareness of policymakers on the social, economic and environmental
costs incurred as a consequence of degraded marine and coastal ecosystems and
related watershed areas;
b. strengthening capabilities to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects of
land-based activities by mainstreaming integrated coastal area and watershed
management strategies and policies across levels of government, government agencies,
river basin authorities, port authorities and coastal area managers;
c. incorporating the aims, objectives, and guidance provided by international conventions
and agreements, such as UNCLOS, Agenda 21, and GPA, into new and existing
strategies, policies, and programs of action at the local, national and regional levels; and
78.
Under the IMPLEMENT strategy:
d. establishing national intersectoral, interagency, and interdisciplinary mechanisms to
organize, coordinate and manage the implementation of identified common actions and
adopted strategies and policies.
Activities for Output B.2:
B.2.1 Promote and facilitate two (2) participating countries to develop, adopt and implement,
and three (3) countries to initiate:
a. national SDS-SEA policy and national multi-sectoral and interagency coordinating
mechanisms for the implementation of the SDS-SEA; and
b. 6-year framework plans for the implementation of the SDS-SEA, including ICM scaling-
up programs, strategies, time-bound management targets, priority actions and
implementing arrangements for the implementation of SDS-SEA, in consultation with
stakeholders.
B.2.2 Organize a regional workshop for policymakers and senior managers on the progress,
benefits and challenges being faced by countries in the development and implementation of
national policies and institutional reforms regarding integrated management of marine and
coastal areas at the EAS Congress 2009.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT B
Two countries prepare and publish assessment reports on the significance of social and
economic contributions of coastal and marine sectors/areas to national GDPs;
National policies and action plans for sustainable ocean and coastal development
adopted and/or initiated in at least 5 PEMSEA countries by 2010;
Interagency and multisectoral coordinating mechanisms operating in at least two
countries, improving coherence in coastal and ocean policy, legislation, regulation and
enforcement at local and national levels;
A 6-year framework of national programs supporting SDS-SEA implementation, initiated
in two countries.
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COMPONENT C: SCALING UP ICM PROGRAMS
Outcome 3: Integrated coastal management (ICM) scaled up as an on-the-ground national
framework for achieving sustainable development of coastal lands and waters
Output C.1: Institutional arrangements for national ICM programs in place
79.
Integrated coastal management (ICM) is a globally acknowledged framework for
addressing transboundary, cross-sectoral environmental management issues, as well as
broader sustainable development needs in coasts and seas. Major regional efforts to develop
coastal resource management programs began in 1985 with a regional aid project of USAID to
ASEAN. In 1992, a number of other coastal resource management projects were started in
Southeast Asia, with the support of USAID and other donors and financial institutions, including
Asian Development Bank and the World Bank. Many of these projects were developed primarily
to protect and conserve coastal and marine ecosystems and to promote the sustainable use of
the resources they support. The projects were implemented under various generic names, such
as coastal resource management (CRM), integrated coastal zone management (ICZM),
community-based management (CBM), integrated coastal area management (ICAM), co-
management, and others. While the emphasis of these projects may have differed, the
fundamental concept, guiding principles, approaches, and subject coverage were basically
similar.
80.
Over the past decade, PEMSEA successfully assisted 8 local governments of the region
to establish national ICM demonstration sites. These sites subsequently provided ICM working
models and training grounds for ICM programs, which promoted the start-up of locally funded
ICM programs in 18 coastal areas in the region. PEMSEA's efforts involving 8 ICM
demonstration sites and 18 ICM parallel sites cover only 0.9% of the region's coastline.
Furthermore, these numerous coastal management efforts have not been able to prevent or
effectively stop further deterioration of environmental conditions in coastal areas. Simply
speaking, the current level of effort in ICM cannot cope with the pace of environmental
degradation and resource depletion, undermining the very foundation of economic prosperity
and social well-being of the region. In response, this component takes a more strategic and
coordinated effort to put programs in place at the national level, to better coordinate and scale
up efforts at the local level.
Activities for Output C.1:
C.1.1 Organize "Leadership Forums on ICM" in five (5) countries to mobilize national
policymakers, local leaders and coastal managers to recognize the benefits, and support the
development of national ICM policy, legislation and programs.
C.1.2 Facilitate two (2) participating countries to develop, adopt and implement, and three (3)
participating countries to initiate: a) national strategies/policies/legislation for ICM programs; b)
6-year action plans for ICM implementation, with time-bound management targets and
implementing arrangements, as part of the overall SDS-SEA implementation plan.
C.1.3 Set in place a systematic process for monitoring, evaluating and reporting the
effectiveness of national and local ICM programs, with regard to agreed targets, schedules and
indicators, in collaboration with concerned national and local governments.
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Output C.2: Capacity building strengthened for local government ICM programs
81.
The SDS-SEA contains a DEVELOP strategy and action program to strengthen ICM as
an effective management framework for achieving sustainable development of coastal and
marine areas in the region. In effect, what is called for in the Strategy is to advance to a new
level of ICM program implementation. Past initiatives have focused on development,
demonstration and establishment of ICM working models in collaboration with selected national
and local governments. The GEF project will set in place national ICM programs to facilitate
scaling up of ICM within countries, by building on the core of available knowledge and
experience of ICM demonstration projects and those of other ICM initiatives.
Activities for Output C.2:
C.2.1 Augment existing ICM sites that can be used as working models in support of their
respective national ICM scaling up programs.
C.2.2 Set up ICM learning networks and ICM training programs in three (3) countries
confirming institutional and administrative support from national governments, donors and
international organizations, targeting the sharing of knowledge and transfer of skills regarding
ICM program development and implementation to different levels of government and various
sectors of society, including national and local leaders, ICM managers, local level practitioners
and community groups, and NTF members.
C.2.3 Develop/update PEMSEA ICM training manuals, practical guides and case studies, and
organize/facilitate the conduct of training-of-trainers and training of NTF members at the
regional and national levels, and training of ICM managers and implementers at the sub-
national level.
C.2.4 Develop an "ICM Good Practices Award", in order to recognize local governments that
have displayed commitment and achievement in the implementation of ICM programs and serve
as good examples for other local governments in the region.
Output C.3: An ICM Code adopted by national and local governments for voluntary use
as a standard for certification/recognition of ICM sites
82.
PEMSEA's experience over the past 12 years indicates that there are several key
elements in ICM, which are basic to achieving sustainable coastal management programs.
These are:
a. multi-sectoral and interagency coordination;
b. policy and functional integration;
c. stakeholders consultation and participation;
d. institutional and legal arrangements;
e. local capacity to plan and manage; and
f. sustainable
financing
mechanisms.
83.
Not all coastal management initiatives are able to incorporate these core elements into
their methodologies and outputs. Thus, the effectiveness and sustainability of coastal
management programs, and the scaling up and replication of good coastal management
practices, remains an uncertainty and a challenge for national and local governments in the
region.
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84.
The ICM Code will provide the core elements and requirements of an effective coastal
management system. The Code takes into account the elements of ISO 14001 (Environmental
Management) and ISO 9001 (Quality Management), and the legal requirements that local
governments must abide by, as well as any significant environmental, social and economic
aspects of marine and coastal governance as experienced at the local level. Supporting
materials and training programs will be prepared to guide local governments through the ICM
Code application.
85.
The ICM Code will be applicable to all types and sizes of local governments, and will
accommodate the diverse geographical, cultural, political and social conditions of the region. It
will be designed as a generic framework, which can be implemented by any local government
Activities for Output C.3:
C.3.1 Develop and test an ICM Code, audit guide and training program using national ICM
demonstration sites for testing and refinement of all materials and application processes.
C.3.2 Develop and test the ICM Certification/Recognition system, in collaboration with national
governments, the PNLG, donors, and other concerned stakeholders.
Output C.4: A PSHEM Code adopted and implemented by national governments and the
private sector for voluntary use by port authorities and those companies operating in a
port as a standard for certification/recognition of a Port Safety, Health and Environmental
Management System (PSHEMS)
86.
Ports and harbors are an integral part of the majority of coastal communities of the East
Asia region. They serve as the center of economic development and activity and as the doorway
to domestic, regional and international markets. Port authorities and operators face a number of
challenges with respect to their role and impact in ICM programs and sustainable development
of coastal areas. The development and adoption of international safety, environment and
security standards by global bodies such as IMO and ILO have emphasized that an effective
management system must not only encompass operational activities, but also build quality,
safety, health and environmental objectives and procedures into each process.
87.
Over the past two years, PEMSEA, with financial support from IMO, and in collaboration
with a number of international associations and organizations having mandates in the effective
management and efficient operation of ports and harbors, has been involved in the development
and demonstration of a Port Safety, Health and Environmental Management (PSHEM) Code.
The PSHEM Code is aimed at providing port authorities or any other company operating within
the port, whose activities may have an effect on the health and safety of people, environment,
cargoes, and port installations, with a standard against which to measure the performance of its
operations. The Code is based on key elements of recognized international standards, namely
ISO 9001 (Quality Management), ISO 14001 (Environmental Management), and OHSAS 18001
(Occupational Health and Safety).
88.
This component will address scaling up of the PSHEMS (PROTECT and IMPLEMENT
strategies of SDS-SEA), within the context of national ICM programs, through the promotion and
adoption of the PSHEM Code by national governments, port authorities and port operators. As a
further step toward region-wide application, Output C.4 will establish linkages with the private
sector and donors to promote the benefits of a comprehensive approach to port operations and
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environmental management, and to generate funding for the implementation of the PSHEMS
Certification/Recognition System in selected ports.
Activities for Output C.4:
C.4.1 Solicit international recognition of the PSHEM Code developed through IMO, ILO and
other international agencies, authorities and associations with concerns/focus on port
development and operations.
C.4.2 Implement a PSHEMS training program at three (3) selected ports, while building a
capacity within the region to provide technical support/training in PSHEMS development.
C.4.3 Develop and implement the PSHEMS Certification/Recognition System, in collaboration
with national governments, private sector, donors, and other concerned stakeholders.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT C
National ICM policies/legislation and 6-year ICM scaling up action plans adopted and
initiated in 5 countries;
At least 5% of the coastlines of the region covered by ICM programs by 2010;
ICM Learning Networks set up and operating in 3 countries;
ICM Code and PSHEMS Code and Recognition System providing incentives for local
government units and port authorities to develop and implement integrated management
systems;
National ICM Task Forces operating in 4 countries.
COMPONENT D: TWINNING ARRANGEMENTS FOR RIVER BASIN AND COASTAL AREA
MANAGEMENT
Outcome 4: South-south and north-south twinning arrangements established for
integrated management of watersheds, estuaries and adjacent coastal seas, promoting
knowledge and experience sharing and collaboration for the implementation of
management programs in environmental hotspots of the region
Output D.1: Regional twinning arrangements developed and implemented for site-
specific river basin and coastal area management programs
89.
The persistent degradation of coastal-marine systems has prompted a call for an an
integrated and ecosystem-based approach to managing human activities, which focuses on the
entire ecosystem, including the people who live there. Ecosystem-based management is
designed to restore and sustain the health, productivity, resilience, and biological diversity of
watersheds and related coastal and marine systems and promote the quality of life for humans
who depend on them. Grounded in science, it defines management regimes on the basis of
ecological, rather than political boundaries and addresses ecological, social, and economic
goals.
90.
Ecosystem-based management is highlighted in the SDS-SEA, particularly in the
SUSTAIN and PROTECT strategies. Actions called for in the strategies include: a)
strengthening the compatibility and balance of fresh water and marine water uses; b)
incorporating water quality elements into watershed, coastal and marine management
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programs; c) forging partnerships among governments, international agencies, donors, the
private sector, and other concerned stakeholders to reinforce capabilities in environmental
management; and d) addressing impacts of land-based activities within the framework of
integrated coastal and watershed management, including the protection of rivers and tributaries,
and promotion of good practices in land and water uses at the regional, national and sub-
national levels. In addition, as a consequence of country consultations during the PDF-B project,
the following concerns were highlighted regarding the current state of ecosystem-based
management in the region, in response to the actions identified in the SDS-SEA:
a. The lack of capacity building measures to increase the understanding and appreciation
of the concept of ecosystem-based management;
b. The need to compile lessons learned and good practices, to help countries strengthen
their programs and initiatives; and
c. Insufficient knowledge, infrastructure, and funding to implement modern and
sophisticated processes to address pollution and other problems that cause the
deterioration of the coastal and marine environment.
91.
This component of the GEF project will address the action programs for developing
stakeholder participatory management mechanisms across legal and administrative boundaries,
covering both upstream and downstream activities and impacts of watersheds and catchments
as identified in the SDS-SEA. During this process, sustainable financing mechanisms and
investment opportunities for pollution reduction will be identified and facilitated. By establishing
twinning arrangements among priority sites within the region, as well as with developed sites
outside of the region, countries will be provided with better opportunities for knowledge sharing
and technical cooperation in managing river basins, coastal areas and coastal seas in an
integrated fashion.
92.
The priority sites to be considered in the twinning arrangement will include three sites
that have been developed coastal strategies and established priority action programs, as part of
the PEMSEA Regional Programme (i.e., Bohai Sea; Manila Bay; Gulf of Thailand), one site that
has been implementing a comprehensive environmental management plan for a number of
years (i.e., Masan-Chinhae Bay), and one site that is just beginning the process of planning and
developing its restoration and sustainability program (i.e., Jakarta Bay). Other areas with fully
developed management programs, including Chesapeake Bay (USA) and Seto Inland Sea
(Japan), will be invited to participate in the twinning program, to serve as knowledge centers for
river basin and coastal area management.
Activities for Output D.1:
D.1.1 Consult with potential candidate sites regarding their interests to participating in the
proposed twinning activities, negotiate and sign MOAs/MOUs or similar agreements for twinning
among the developing and developed sites to facilitate knowledge sharing and transfer of
technology in river basin and coastal area management, covering specific activities such as
capacity building and training, staff exchanges, internships/on-the-job training, study tours/site
visits, technology transfer, and technical cooperation and assistance.
D.1.2 Set up a regional Twinning Secretariat as part of the PRF Secretariat to coordinate and
facilitate activities across the sites, including the organization of an annual workshop.
D.1.3 Formulate and initiate the implementation of site-specific river basin and coastal area
management programs addressing priority issues at selected hotspot sites, as follows:
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a. a management program in accordance with the Bohai Sea Sustainable Development
Strategy (BS-SDS), focusing on a selected watershed area and addressing water
pollution reduction and related financing and investment options;
b. the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy, covering integrated watershed and coastal area
management, the implementation of the Clean Water Act, and focusing on an
investment plan for sewage and sanitation facilities and services in the Pasig River-
Laguna de Bay watershed, in collaboration with the World Bank/GEF Manila Third
Sewerage Project;
c. the Gulf of Thailand Joint Statement/Framework Programme initiated with a sub-regional
institutional arrangement development/agreement among the three (3) signatory
countries and partnerships forged with industry/private sector for capacity enhancement
in oil spill prevention, preparedness and response;
d. an integrated and ecosystem-based management strategy and operational plan
formulated and adopted for a selected watershed and coastal area within Jakarta Bay;
and
e. Case studies on the experience and lessons gained from the development of a total
pollution load management (TPLM) plan for Masan-Chinhae Bay prepared and
disseminated.
D.1.4 Promote and expand twinning arrangements to other priority watershed areas/sub-
regional pollution hotspots, such as the Mekong River, Red River, Pearl River, and Jiulongjiang
River.
D.1.5 Organize one regional workshop involving the twinning sites, twinning partners, and
other interested stakeholders during the EAS Congress 2009 to review and evaluate the results
of the twinning activities, and the potential for replication in other areas.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT D
Integrated river basin and coastal area management programs employing an ecosystem-
based approach and other tools as appropriate in the Bohai Sea, Jakarta Bay, Manila
Bay, Masan-Chinhae Bay, and other areas;
Investment/replication plans for pollution reduction facilities and services developed and
adopted for selected river basins in Bohai Sea, Manila Bay and Jakarta Bay;
Twinning and networking arrangements involving South-South and North-South
collaborations negotiated and signed in at least two priority watershed sites;
Twinning Secretariat established and fully operational, organizing and conducting annual
workshops, site visits and other knowledge transfer events among a regional network of
river basin and coastal area management projects and programs.
SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES CATEGORY
Immediate Objective 2: To verify, disseminate and promote the replication of lessons and
best practices arising from the regional partnership arrangements in collaboration with
GEF IW: Learn and other partners.
COMPONENT E: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
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Outcome 5: Use of the region's intellectual capital and human resources strengthened,
and addressing policy, economic, scientific, technical and social challenges and
constraints to integrated management and sustainable use of the marine and coastal
environment and resources of the Seas of East Asia
93.
The SDS-SEA emphasizes the importance of turning knowledge and concern about the
coastal and marine environment into on-the-ground actions, by raising awareness and
mobilizing the strengths and capacities of scientific institutions, local communities,
environmental organizations, women's groups, religious organizations, indigenous people, and
the private sector (DEVELOP and COMMUNICATE strategies).
94.
The GEF project will focus on capacity development of diverse stakeholders, including
national and local governments, scientific institutions, community members, NGOs, the private
sector and others who are involved in sustainable ocean development in the region, through
formal education and training, as well as providing hands-on experiences and knowledge
sharing. Special focus will be given to applying innovative knowledge management strategies
and tools to effectively utilize PEMSEA's intellectual wealth on ocean and coastal governance
accumulated in the past 12 years. To affect the full use of information technology (IT) as a vital
tool in sustainable development programs at the local, national and regional levels
(COMMUNICATION strategy), linkages will be strengthened with the GEF IW:Learn project, in
order to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and good practices in ICM across the East Asian
region, and to other regions in which the GEF IW program is operating.
Output E.1: An enhanced technical support network for countries, comprised of a
Regional Task Force (RTF) and country-based National Task Forces (NTF)
95.
The RTF, which was first established under the PEMSEA Regional Programme, will be
updated and expanded to provide technical assistance and support services covering SDS-SEA
implementation. The expanded responsibilities of the RTF will include: (1) technical assistance
for project planning and implementation at the regional, sub-regional, and national levels; (2)
technical advice in the preparation of national strategies and policy reforms, formulation of
national and regional State of Coasts reporting systems, development and implementation of an
ICM Code and Recognition System, ecosystem-based management approaches, and
monitoring and evaluation of project and program outputs; and (3) resource persons in national
and regional workshops, seminars, and training-trainers programs.
96.
The NTF coverage will include, among others: ICM policy, implementation programs and
monitoring and evaluation of ICM programs, and the preparation of national State of Coasts
reports. NTF membership will be drawn from national institutions and other organizations, as
well as local government agencies, with experience in the implementation of ICM. Appropriate
institutional linkages and support mechanisms will be set up in coordination with the concerned
national and local governments and institutions.
Activities for Output E.1:
E.1.1 Set up a systematic mechanism for the mobilization of the RTF and NTFs, putting in
place appropriate incentive and recognition systems, codes of conduct, and training and
evaluation programs.
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E.1.2 Identify a core of individuals in participating countries with ICM experience to serve as
members of NTFs, which will focus primarily on the development and implementation of national
ICM scaling up programs.
E.1.3 Build and update the capacity of RTF and NTF members in response to country needs,
by conducting training workshops, training of trainers, on-the-job experience, and staff
exchanges to provide practical experience and develop qualified NTF members into RTF
members.
E.1.4 Facilitate the use of RTF and NTF members in national and regional training workshops,
and in facilitating the implementation of SDS-SEA at the local, national and sub-regional levels.
Output E.2: Areas of Excellence (AOEs) Programs and a regional network of
universities/scientific institutions supporting SDS-SEA implementation at the national
and local levels
97.
Partnership arrangements will be forged with internationally and regionally recognized
AOEs, engaging these organizations and institutions in the implementation of the SDS-SEA
through a PEMSEA Program for Areas of Excellence. The program will facilitate AOE input into
improved awareness and understanding of coastal and marine ecosystems and their linkages
with human activities, promotion of sound public policies and decision-making regarding
sustainable development, application of scientifically sound technologies and practices in
management interventions, and facilitation of linkages among the scientific community,
government, people, business and the environment, within the framework of the SDS-SEA.
98.
Through the operation of the PEMSEA Programme for Areas of Excellence, the GEF
project will strengthen the connection between scientific institutions, such as the Center for
Marine Environmental Research and Innovative Technology (MERIT) at the City University of
Hong Kong City and Marine Science Institute (MSI) at the University of the Philippines, and
decision-makers in government and at the community level, promoting the use of scientific
knowledge and innovative technologies in support of coastal strategy implementation.
Activities for Output E.2:
E.2.1 Negotiate partnership agreements with two (2) internationally and regionally recognized
Areas of Excellence that will provide scientific and technical inputs to the implementation of
SDS-SEA at the national and regional levels, such as: monitoring changes in the marine
environment; habitat restoration and rehabilitation; and ocean policy and international
conventions.
E.2.2 Build linkages with national universities and donors to augment scientific support for
ICM/ecosystem-based management of watersheds and coastal areas at the national and sub-
national levels.
E.2.3 Develop a reporting and information-sharing system to disseminate the outputs of the
AOE Programme and networking of universities.
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Output E.3: Professional upgrade program, graduate scholarships and specialized
training courses
99.
With the proposed developments in regional partnership arrangements, national policy
reforms, scaling up of integrated coastal management programs, application of innovative
financing mechanisms, social and economic assessments of marine sectors, and so on, there is
a need to accelerate professional upgrading initiatives. A three-pronged professional upgrading
program (i.e., regional and international internships; fellows; and specialized training) will
provide a select group of outstanding individuals with the opportunity to acquire exposure in
these important areas, and others, in concert with SDS-SEA implementation.
100. This component of the Project will complement the capacity building efforts for ICM
scaling-up, including the improvement of the ICM training manual and ICM learning network and
training programs, as described in Outputs C.2 and C.3.
Activities for Output E.3:
E.3.1 Delineate eligibility criteria, procedures and conditions regarding regional and
international internships, fellowships/senior fellowships, and specialized training opportunities
within PEMSEA, as well as among PEMSEA Partners, AOEs, and collaborating institutions.
Establish linkages with institutions granting graduate degree programs in order to facilitate
fellowships to deserving individuals in participating countries, who are committed to serve as
RTF and/or NTF members upon their return.
E.3.2 Facilitate the development of a post-graduate ICM curriculum with selected universities
in the region.
E.3.3 Organize specialized training courses at the national and sub-regional levels (i.e.,
environmental risk assessment; coastal use zoning; natural resource damage assessment; and
IIMS development/application) to develop the necessary human resources for implementation of
the SDS-SEA.
E.3.4 Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of professional upgrading, graduate scholarships,
and specialized training courses programs in facilitating the implementation of the SDS-SEA, in
accordance with agreed criteria, conditions and impact indicators.
Output E.4: An internet-based information portal in place, building awareness and
transferring knowledge and lessons learned, in collaboration with GEF IW-Learn
101. Two effective tools for e-learning and knowledge sharing have been established in the
region. PEMSEA's website has been developed as a main portal for disseminating technical,
scientific and policy information, as well as for maintaining updated information on current
activities in the region. It is widely used by professional, scientific and management sectors, as
well as the public, with over 3 million hits in 2006. Likewise, the Integrated Information
Management System (IIMS) has been developed and implemented at a number of ICM and
hotspot sites as an environmental database for local governments. It offers comprehensive
support for gathering information, analyzing data, and providing reports that are understandable
and useful to local policymakers, managers, scientists, and the public.
102. This component will build upon these two valuable tools, while strengthening the linkage
with and the use of innovative technologies and software developed by the GEF IW-Learn
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project. The ultimate goal is to increase the awareness and replication of good practices in ICM
by local governments throughout the region, and to share this knowledge with other regions.
Activities for Output E.4:
E.4.1 Strengthen PEMSEA's portal (www.pemsea.org) as an information node on the
PEMSEA regional partnership arrangement, to become a one-stop shop for awareness building,
knowledge transfer and learning regarding national ICM scaling up programs and local, national
and international contributions/lesson learned in SDS-SEA implementation, in collaboration with
GEF IW Learn.
E.4.2 Develop and implement information dissemination and knowledge sharing systems
using four principal channels:
a. the GEF website, IW:LEARN, as GEF's pre-eminent communication/ dissemination tool
in its International Waters program;
b. the EAS Congress, which is the paramount regional event of the EAS Partnership
Council for monitoring, reporting and evaluating progress;
c. the knowledge-sharing, training, investment and IIMS networking components of the
PRF; and
d. international and regional conferences, meetings and workshops organized by
partners/collaborators, including the biennial GEF IW Conference, addressing
sustainable development and coastal and ocean governance issues.
Output E.5: Community based projects, including those addressing supplementary
livelihood opportunities, developed and implemented at ICM sites throughout the region
in partnership with GEF/UNDP Small Grants Programme and other community-based
donor programs
103. Building environmentally aware, capable and committed groups within civil society
enhances consultation, coordination, and eventually, integration with the efforts of government
agencies, to bring about sustainable coastal development. PEMSEA's experience in providing
women, youth and other marginalized groups within the community with appropriate
environmental training and information, and employment opportunities, helps to reinforce their
roles as key players in the application of sustainable development values and techniques. This
leads to more sustainable development and a healthier local environment.
104. On this basis, the COMMUNICATE strategy of the SDS-SEA focuses on action
programs aimed at:
a. increasing awareness and understanding of coastal and marine environmental and
resource management issues;
b. providing opportunities for active engagement in meaningful initiatives; and
c. mobilizing target groups to action.
105. This project component focuses on the enhancement of community awareness and
participation in ICM. The strategy is to develop and utilize the inherent capacities of women, the
youth, indigenous people and other marginalized groups in the development and
implementation of livelihood enhancing projects that support the implementation of local ICM
program, and that, in themselves, are sustainable and replicable. The project component will
involve close cooperation with the GEF Small Grants Programme and other similar donor-
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funded programs, which focus on social development and sustainability issues. The local ICM
program will provide the vehicle and means to facilitate the development and implementation of
the value-added community-based resource management and livelihood enhancement projects.
The GEF support will ensure that the results of such activities are packaged and disseminated
to a wide audience, including the EAS Congress, thereby encouraging replication of good
practices.
Activities for Output E.5:
E.5.1 Build partnerships/working arrangements with donor-supported programs in each
country, including the GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP) and other donor programs, which
cater to capacity building of community groups and marginalized sectors of society.
E.5.2 Within the framework and capabilities of local ICM programs, assist with the preparation
and submission of projects proposals to donor programs aimed at mobilizing community groups
in the implementation of coastal strategies and actions plans.
E.5.3 Facilitate capacity building activities for community groups, as well as sharing of hands-
on experience in community-based coastal resource management, especially small-scale
fisheries initiatives in support of site-specific coastal strategies and action plans.
E.5.4 Organize national and regional forums for NGO/community groups to transfer
experiences and knowledge on community-based resource management, the challenges,
benefits and lessons learned.
Output E.6: A self-sustaining regional network of local governments in place, operating
and committed to achieving tangible improvements in the sustainable use and
development of marine and coastal areas through ICM practices
106. Recognizing the importance of a local government voice to the development and
implementation of ICM programs at the national and regional levels, PEMSEA launched the
Regional Network of Local Governments (RNLG) in 2001. In 2005, the local government
members adopted a resolution on the establishment of a self-sustaining PEMSEA Network of
Local Governments (PNLG), and strengthening the role of the network. The member local
governments signed a PNLG Charter in December 2006. The aim of this component is to assist
the new organization in the early stages of program development and implementation, and set it
on its way as a facilitator and advocator of local government implementation of ICM programs.
Activities for Output E.6:
E.6.1 Assist the PNLG is organizing capacity enhancing seminars and workshops as part of its
annual meetings, to cover issues of key interest to the membership, such as environmental
investments, natural and man-made disaster management, community participation, ICM
recognition; etc.
E.6.2 Provide technical support to the Xiamen Municipal Government in initiating the operation
of the PNLG Secretariat.
E.6.3 Strengthen the Xiamen Municipal Government role/capacity in regularly organizing
"Oceans Week" as an international event involving local governments from around the globe.
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INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT E
A Regional Task Force providing technical and scientific advice and developing
capacities at the national and sub-regional levels in special skills and applications for
ICM and river basin and coastal area management projects and programs;
Two Areas of Excellence programs within existing research institutions and institutions of
higher learning in the region, providing expert advice and support to PEMSEA countries
and their partners on specific topics of concern, enhancing the region's intellectual
capital by accelerating research, education and training, and leading the region's
scientific community in conducting multidisciplinary scientific research to address
uncertainties relative to SDS-SEA implementation programs;
10 special skills training workshops, 3 internships/senior fellowships and one ICM post
graduate ICM curriculum developed, adopted and implemented;
PEMSEA website established and operating in accordance with IW-LEARN guidelines,
disseminating information and lessons learned to regional and global stakeholders in the
GEF IW focal area;
At least 6 site-specific, community-level collaborative projects developed and
implemented to strengthen community participation in river basin and coastal area
management projects/programs with GEF UNDP SGP support;
Self-sustaining regional PNLG operational, and advocating/supporting ICM scaling up
initiatives at the country and regional levels;
World Oceans Week organized and conducted regularly in Xiamen.
Immediate Objective 3: To develop and coordinate strategic partnership arrangements
between participating governments, international agencies, organizations and financial
institutions, regional programs and projects, donors, the private sector and other
stakeholders to stimulate public and private sector investments in sustainable coastal
development and environmental infrastructure projects and services.
COMPONENT F: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCING IN
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND SERVICES
Outcome 6: Public and private sector cooperation achieving environmental sustainability
through the mobilization of investments in pollution reduction facilities and services.
107. The PROTECT strategy of the SDS-SEA calls on local and national governments to
implement management programs to combat the impacts of sewage, physical alteration of
habitats, nutrients, sediment mobility, litter, and persistent organic pollutants by:
introducing innovative policy, management, and institutional arrangements at the
local level, including economic instruments and incentive programs to encourage
participation and partnerships among local government, the private sector and civil
society; and
enhancing access by local governments to technical assistance, technology transfer
and financing programs and to formulate and negotiate self-sustaining partnership
arrangements with the private sector, investors and financial institutions.
Output F.1: Innovative national investment and financing policies and programs for
public and private sector investment in pollution reduction facilities
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108. This component of the project will build upon the initiatives of the GEF MSP/PPP project,
and work in collaboration with the World Bank (GEF/World Bank Partnership Investment Fund),
UNEP-GPA, and other programs and projects in the region that are developing and testing
innovative approaches to strengthening public and private sector investment in environmental
infrastructure. The project will promote and facilitate changes in investment and financing
policies, programs and capacities at the national and sub-national levels to enhance public and
private sector investments in environmental facilities and services.
Activities for Output F.1
F.1.1 In conjunction with ICM scaling up initiatives (Component C) and river basin and coastal
area management projects (Component D), package, promote and facilitate the adoption and
implementation of:
a. policy reforms covering procurement processes, financing programs, investment
mechanisms, and incentives which facilitate increased participation by the private
sector in the provision of public sector services, including water supply, waste
management and pollution reduction programs;
b. innovative economic instruments, which support the conversion of public utilities (i.e.,
water, sewerage and waste management facilities and services) from wholly-owned,
financed and operated public services to mixed ownership (public and private sector),
market-based services;
c. alternative revenue generating schemes (e.g., carbon credits; environmental user
fees) to enhance the financial viability and sustainability of pollution reduction
investment projects; and
d. appropriate institutional mechanisms at the local government level to provide for the
participation of civil society in the planning, development, monitoring and evaluation
of required environmental services to the different sectors of the community.
F.1.2 Formulate and demonstrate methodologies for preparing integrated river basin-coastal
area management investment plans focused on pollution reduction, for adoption and use by
local governments, the private sector, financial institutions and other concerned stakeholders,
particularly with respect to the replication and scaling up of innovative technologies and
practices (Component G).
F.1.3 Establish a one-stop PPP Support Service for local governments, the private sector,
financial institutions, and other interested stakeholders, in collaboration with Strategic Partners,
to promote and facilitate increased private sector participation in investment projects for
pollution reduction at ICM sites and in river basin and coastal area management programs.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT F
National/sub-national reforms in financing and procurement policies, regulations and
processes, enhancing financial investments in water, sewage and sanitation facilities and
services by governments and the private sector, adopted by at least two governments;
Investment plans developed and initiated in two (2) river basin and coastal area
management sites, providing new investment/replication opportunities in small cities,
municipalities and secondary townships for environmental infrastructure improvement
projects;
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A one-stop PPP Support Service for local governments, the private sector, financial
institutions, and other interested stakeholders facilitating private sector participation in
investment projects for pollution reduction at ICM sites and in river basin and coastal
area management.
COMPONENT G: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS
Outcome 7: A Strategic Partnership for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East
Asia, functioning as a mechanism for GEF, the World Bank, the UNDP, and other
international and regional partners to incorporate and coordinate their strategic action
plans, programs and projects under the framework of the SDS-SEA, thus promoting
greater sustainability and political commitment to the effort.
Output G.1: A functional Strategic Partnership arrangement facilitating enhanced
communication, knowledge sharing, scaling up and replication of innovative
technologies and practices in pollution reduction across the LMEs of East Asia.
109. The PROTECT strategy of the SDS-SEA recommends the adoption of a holistic
approach to managing land-based activities and their negative impacts on the sustainability of
coastal and marine resources. In particular, the strategy calls on national and local governments,
regional programs and projects, international agencies and organizations, and international
financial institutions to:
incorporate intergovernmental initiatives in environmental management of river
basins, sub regional sea areas and LMEs into a management framework for regional
seas;
support an integrated management approach to coastal and ocean governance at
the local, national and regional levels, thereby facilitating the acceleration of
management programs;
work with international financial institutions, regional development banks,
international donors, and other financial mechanisms to facilitate and expeditiously
finance environmental infrastructure and services.
110. The Strategic Partnership for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia is
designed to facilitate the effective implementation and interaction of two GEF-supported projects
in the region, namely the GEF/UNDP Implementation of the SDS-SEA, and the World
Bank/GEF Partnership Investment Fund for Pollution Reduction in the Large Marine
Ecosystems of East Asia. The UNDP project aims to scale-up ICM programs across the region,
covering more than 20% of the coastline by 2015. An important component of ICM
implementation is improved governance of coastal and marine resources, resulting in the
development and implementation of local initiatives to reduce pollution and the resulting
destruction and degradation of land areas, rivers and coastal waters (Components B, C and D).
In parallel, the project managed by the World Bank, aims to reduce pollution discharges by
leveraging investments in pollution reduction through the removal of technical, institutional, and
financial barriers. Expected outcomes of the Partnership Investment Fund are increased
investments in pollution reduction activities, targeting from US$ 850 million to US$ 1.5 billion in
new investments.
111. The Strategic Partnership has another implication, and that is its umbrella function for
sub-regional initiatives and programs. The ongoing LME projects in the South China Sea/Gulf of
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Thailand and the Yellow Sea are in the process of developing and adopting their respective
SAPs, while the GEF pipeline projects in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and the Arafura-Timor Seas
will be addressing similar issues in the near future.
112. The Strategic Partnership provides a mechanism for GEF, the World Bank, UNDP,
UNEP, and the concerned countries to mainstream the broad objectives of the SDS-SEA, and
the detailed targets and action programs of any future sub-regional seas SAPs, into their regular
programs. The Strategic Partnership will use its comparative advantages to assist the countries
in reaching the overarching regional SDS-SEA objectives, by supporting the more detailed, site-
specific objectives and targets identified in the SAPs. For the World Bank, this includes utilizing
its political convening power, financial leveraging capacity, and global knowledge, to support
countries as they take the necessary actions to implement full on-the-ground operations in
support of reforms, investments, and management programs needed to implement pollution
reduction facilities and services. For GEF, UNDP and UNEP, the Strategic Partnership provides
a framework for catalyzing core capacities among countries at the sub-regional and regional
levels over a six year period, to promote and implement policies, capacity development
programs, financing mechanisms and partnership arrangements among the public and private
sectors in support of pollution reduction, habitat restoration, sustainable coastal fisheries, water
use/conservation, disaster management, etc. Overall, through the innovative activities
undertaken by the Strategic Partnership, the countries will develop a holistic and supportive
policy environment for SDS-SEA and SAP implementation.
113. Coordination of the Strategic Partnership will entail the establishment of a joint technical
team (i.e., Strategic Partnership Technical Team or SPTT) comprised of representatives of the
World Bank's Fund Management Team, UNDP, UNEP and the PEMSEA Resource Facility
(PRF). The SPTT will liaise on a regular basis through internet, video conferencing or direct
meetings every six months during the project, in order to review the development,
implementation and outcomes of their complementary and joint initiatives. The terms of
reference for the SPTT will developed and adopted by the members, with due consideration to
the following principles:
a. communication and awareness building amongst key partners and stakeholders and
the wider community regarding the implementation of the SDS-SEA, SAPs and
Fund projects and sub-projects;
b. information and knowledge sharing;
c. evaluation of results achieved and lessons learned;
d. promotion of good practices and useful lessons for replication within the region, as
well as outside the region; and
e. partnership building for the purpose of expanding the Strategic Partnership and for
promoting the replication of good practices.
114. The procedures for requesting co-financing from GEF under the Partnership Investment
Fund project have been established, as identified in the Partnership Investment Fund Brief that
was approved by the GEF Council in November 2005. A set of eligibility criteria has also been
adopted for the Fund. Seven conditions have been established in order for a project to be
eligible for GEF support, including:
a. location within the coastal watersheds of one of the six East Asian LMEs;
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b. demonstration of an innovative technical, institutional, or financial mechanism and/or
removal of a significant technical, institutional, or financial barrier that reduces cost-
effective investments in pollution control;
c. high likelihood of replication and/or scalability within the country and/or more widely
in East Asia coastal regions;
d. unlikely to proceed unless grant financing from GEF were allocated to it;
e. necessary co-financing is available;
f. endorsement by the proposing country's GEF focal point; and
g. fulfillment of all relevant World Bank appraisal criteria.
115. Of these seven criteria, the most challenging to the overall success of the Strategic
Partnership is the replication and/or scalability potential of the projects. This particular condition
requires a common level of understanding between the Partners. The assessment of the
replication potential at pre-pipeline entry stage, although primarily the responsibility of the World
Bank staff, will benefit from the input of the other Partners regarding the available opportunities
for scaling up the technology or practice within the site, the country, or sub region. Discerning
conditions to be used in judging the replication potential of a sub-project will be developed and
implemented by the SPTT, including, for example: the consequence of the identified constraint
or barrier; political, governance, institutional and socio-economic characteristics; required levels
of financing; sources of financing; required levels of income/operating revenue; opportunities
created for government and non-government partners; and the benefits to be derived by the
local communities, especially the poor. This will ensure that replication is not only integrated into
each individual sub-project, but is an integral part of the Strategic Partnership and its
contribution to scaling up and replication at the national and sub-regional levels. (Details of the
Replication Strategy are included in Annex 7)
116. The PRF will be tasked with organizing and implementing the communication program
for the Strategic Partnership, particularly with regard to: collating the monitoring and evaluation
results relating to SDS-SEA, for inclusion in the annual progress reports as well as the triennial
State of Coasts report; evaluating, preparing and disseminating good practices, lessons learned,
and/or case studies from individual sub-projects under the two projects; and promoting the
replication of good practices among countries within the East Asian region and, in collaboration
with IW-Learn, to other IW projects in other regions.
Activities for Output G.1:
G.1.1 Operationalize a Strategic Partnership Technical Team (SPTT) to coordinate the
development, implementation, evaluation and promotion of the collaborative activities and
outputs of the Strategic Partnership. The SPTT will be tasked with:
a. Developing and adopting agreed Terms of Reference;
b. Ensuring effective and efficient coordination between the UNDP regional project and
the World Bank investment fund project, with other regional programs and projects;
c. Formulating and implementing a procedure for assessing the replicability and
scalability potential of sub-projects under the Strategic Partnership at the local,
national, and sub-regional levels;
d. Promoting the replication of good practices and lessons learned from sub-projects
through information and knowledge-sharing, partnership building and the expansion
of the Strategic Partnership arrangement to include other interested parties, such as
donors, financial institutions, other regional programs and projects such as the South
China Sea and Yellow Sea LME projects, and the private sector;
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e. Monitoring, evaluating and reporting the progress of the various sub-projects on a
regular basis and against an agreed set of indicators;
f. Organizing annual workshops and a mid-term, stocktaking workshop involving
participating countries and the Strategic Partners, to evaluate progress, impacts and
constraints, and to make any refinements/improvements in the Strategic Partnership
operations; and
g. Organizing an external review to provide an independent assessment of the progress,
outcomes, and benefits derived from the Strategic Partnership arrangement, and to
recommend measures to strengthen the arrangement.
G.1.2 Organize and implement a communication/coordination program for the Strategic
Partnership including a website, quarterly reviews/newsletters, regional conferences/workshops,
etc. to review the progress and achievements of projects and sub-projects, and to promote the
replication of good practices across the region and to other regions.
G.1.3 Monitor the progress of the Strategic Partnership through agreed indicators for the
Partnership, as well as sub-project specific indicators for each sub-project undertaken by the
Strategic Partnership.
G.1.4 Package and disseminate multi-media materials regarding the Strategic Partnership and
the related sub-projects to governments and stakeholders, the EAS Partnership Council, the
EAS Congress, the Ministerial Forum, and other relevant regional and international forums.
G.1.5 Develop linkages and strategic partnership arrangements with regional and international
organizations and institutions, and donors, as well as other regional GEF IW programs, such as
the South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and the Arafura and Timor Seas, to
transfer knowledge, replicate good practices and facilitate increased investments in pollution
reduction across the region.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT G
A coordinating mechanism for Strategic Partners agreed to and operating to develop,
demonstrated and replicate innovative approaches for engaging the public and private
sector in developing, financing, managing and operating affordable water, sewage and
sanitation facilities and services;
Five (5) good practices and case studies prepared and disseminated on demonstration
projects, including an assessment of the replication potential, based on agreed
indicators;
Annual workshops and a mid-term stocktaking meeting on the demonstration of
innovative policies, practices, technologies and financing and investment mechanisms
for pollution reduction, and the progress and achievements in replicating successful
demonstrations at the sub-national, national and sub-regional levels;
A Strategic Partnerships website set up and operating in accordance with GEF IW-
LEARN guidelines, transferring information and promoting replication of good practices
and lessons learned from the Strategic Partnership;
Presentation of Strategic Partnership outcomes to GEF-IW Portfolio Conference 2009
(one country representative and the CTO);
An expanded Strategic Partnership arrangement, encompassing SAPs of sub-regional
sea areas of the East Asian region.
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COMPONENT H: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES
Outcome 8: Multinational and national corporations integrating social responsibility into
their organizational strategies, programs and practices, and facilitating the replication
and scaling up of capacities in sustainable development of marine and coastal resources
among local governments and communities of the region.
117. The PROTECT and DEVELOP strategies of the SDS-SEA call on local and national
governments to work in partnership with industry and the private sector to combat coastal and
marine degradation from land-based activities, prevent accidental spills and discharges from
sea-based activities, clean-up spills and restore damaged resources, promote environmentally
sound operations and practices, and increase awareness and capacity related to
implementation of pertinent international instruments. Multi-national companies operating in the
region are requested to work in partnership with national and local governments, as well as local
industry and community groups to build awareness and transfer experience and good practices
from other parts of the world, to benefit people and localities with on-the-ground, sustainable
solutions to environmental problems.
118. PEMSEA's experience in Bataan and Batangas (Philippines) has demonstrated the
comparative advantage of multinational companies (i.e., Shell (Philippines) and Petron
Corporation, respectively) as models and champions of corporate social responsibility for
national and local industries. In these two cases, the multinationals partnered with the local
governments, sharing resources and skills in order to achieve on-the-ground improvements in
the protection and restoration of coastal and marine resources.
119. At the same time, the two companies played a special role in the ICM projects by:
a. engaging other industry and private sector entities in sustainable development
activities;
b. transferring information, knowledge and technology to enhance the capacities of
local communities, governments and industry in overcoming environmental
problems;
c. identifying shared objectives for social/economic/environmental development in the
areas; and
d. promoting a partnership approach among industry and across sectors to achieve the
shared objectives.
120. This component of the project will expand upon the experience of Batangas and Bataan
ICM projects to engage the corporate sector in sustainable development of marine and coastal
resources as an essential aspect of corporate social responsibility in coastal areas. In addition,
The Coca Cola Company (TCCC) has indicated its interest in joining forces with PEMSEA to
employ the private sector and the business community in demonstration projects covering
strategic issues of sustainable development, in partnership with local governments and
communities. Working arrangements will be fostered with TCCC and other interested
multinational companies in the pursuit of demonstration projects that will assist coastal
communities with sustainable development initiatives, while at the same time providing a
learning benefit to the region and to the GEF IW focal area.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Output H.1: Partnership arrangements established and implemented between
multinational and national corporations, industry, local governments and communities
for sustainable development of marine and coastal resources.
Activities for Output H.1:
H.1.1 Develop multi-media materials and conduct seminars/forums for CEOs and senior
managers of corporations (public and private), private industry and local and national
government leaders, in order to strengthen awareness and understanding of environmental
sustainability, its linkages to economic and social development, and the use of ICM as an
effective tool for governance of coastal and marine resources.
H.1.2 Facilitate the development and implementation of partnership arrangements between
corporations/industry and local governments and communities and, within the context of ICM
scaling up programs, aligning private sector organizational goals for social responsibility with
resource commitments and investments in support of social, economic and environmental
goals and benefits of the communities.
H.1.3 Link up with a "corporate champion for sustainable development" to develop and
implement a demonstration project on corporate social responsibility in strategic issues/areas of
concern to local governments (e.g., water use/conservation; disaster management; sustainable
livelihoods; improved access to/usage of IT in knowledge sharing and engaging disadvantaged
sectors of communities in coastal governance; etc.).
Output H.2: Corporate responsibility practices evaluated and recognized as a special
relevance to achieving social, environmental and economic benefits in coastal
communities
121. The development of corporate responsibility charters, principles and other instruments
by UN and multi-industry bodies (e.g., UN Global Compact; Global Reporting Initiative; OECD
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS); ISO
9000 and 14000 series of management standards, as well as the forthcoming ISO 26000
standard) and endorsement of these by a large number of companies and firms across the
region provides ample evidence that the private sector is engaged in, and is attempting to
respond to pressures for, accountable and transparent corporate responsibility practices, both at
the international and domestic levels.
122. While these guides and standards provide practical frameworks for quality management
and environmental results, they do not specifically pertain to corporate responsibility for
sustainable development, nor are they focused on the specific management issues in coastal
and marine areas. This component of the project will build on the foundation of existing and
planned guides and standards to come up with a systematic process to evaluate, recognize and
replicate the contributions and impacts of corporations exercising exemplary social responsibility
in their operations within coastal communities.
Activities for Output H.2:
H.2.1 Modify and adopt monitoring and evaluation procedures (e.g., ISO 26000), including
social, economic and environmental indicators, as appropriate, to assess corporate policy,
commitment and actions in aid of sustainable development of coastal communities and their
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natural resources based on PEMSEA's experience in ICM Code and PSHEMS Code and
recognition system.
H.2.2 Field-test the monitoring and evaluation procedures in collaboration with existing
corporate partners who are working with local government units and stakeholders at ICM sites.
H.2.3 Implement a corporate responsibility recognition system, in collaboration with national
governments, private sector, donors, and other concerned stakeholders, to promote and
encourage private sector participation, resource commitments and investments in support of
social, economic and environmental goals and benefits of coastal communities.
INDICATORS OF SUCCESS: COMPONENT H
At least 50 corporations, industry and private firms engaged in ICM projects and
sustainable development initiatives in coastal communities, as part of ICM scaling up
efforts in the region;
At least one project initiated with a multinational corporate champion, serving as a PPP
prototype for addressing sustainable water use/conservation, pollution reduction, coastal
fisheries/alternative livelihoods, habitat restoration/protection, and/or disaster
management in coastal communities of the region;
A corporate social responsibility recognition system implemented and promoted as an
incentive for increased corporate sector participation in ICM programs.
Project Indicators, Risks and Assumptions
Performance Indicators
123. As described in the M&E Plan, the Logical Framework of the project is generally
consistent with the prescribed Program Performance Indicators for GEF International Waters
Program that covers process, stress reduction, and environmental and social status indicators.
124. The Management Component activities of the project (Figure 3) are focused on
providing a functional mechanism for coordinating the implementation of the SDS-SEA over the
longer-term. Thus, the major indicators for this component will be process indicators, including:
a. countries committing high-level officers to participate in EAS Partnership Council
meetings;
b. countries mainstreaming SDS-SEA objectives into national programs; and
c. countries providing in-cash and in-kind support for the operation of the regional
mechanism.
125. The State of Coasts reporting system will serve to develop and utilize environmental and
social status indicators, by identifying and assessing socio-economic and environmental
changes that occur as a consequence of social and economic development and coastal and
ocean governance. It will be designed as an instrument for measuring and reporting the
environmental status and impact of SDS-SEA implementation. However, societal changes occur
over extended periods, certainly longer than the three-year timeframe of this project, with
development of awareness, understanding and capacity among sectors and the public.
Environmental transformations are an outcome of societal change. Measuring and assessing
progress towards desired goals of the SDS-SEA will require indicators that not only focus on the
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long-term changes in the environment, but also indicators that reflect the behavioral shifts of
society and responses to the root causes of environmental degradation and destruction. As
indicators aim to highlight key information over time, it is not possible to provide detailed
information on every concern at this stage of the project. However, a scientific and technical
team will be tasked with the formulation of the State of Coasts reporting system, preparing a set
of indicators that are able to "tell the story" about changes occurring in the coastal and marine
environment, as well as particular social and economic issues that impact on or are impacted by,
the changing environment. The first State of Coasts report will be published in 2009.
126. The Core Operational Component activities (Figure 3) contain process, stress reduction
and environmental and social status indicators. Major process indicators in this component
include:
a. member governments allocating staff and resources to the development and
implementation of national policies and programs in support of SDS-SEA;
b. national interagency, multi-sectoral coordinating mechanisms for SDS-SEA
implementation established at the country level, meeting regularly, and facilitating
stakeholder participation;
c. national learning networks operating and focusing on strengthening capacities and
skills of local governments; and
d. an ICM Code adopted by national and local governments as a standard for
measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of coastal management projects and
programs.
127. Major
stress reduction indicators within the Core Operational activities focus on pollution
prevention and reduction as a consequence of, for example:
a. increased coastline covered by ICM programs; and
b. investment plans for pollution reduction in two selected pollution hotspot areas
adopted and implemented by concerned governments.
128. Environmental and social status indicators under this component are found in the ICM
scaling up initiatives. Implementation of strategic action plans within ICM framework in targeted
coastal areas result in: reductions in nutrient loadings ranging from 10-50%; 5%-10% of habitats
identified as protected areas and/or undergoing restoration; improvements in fishery
management and stabilization of some coastal fish stocks and alternate increase in biomass.
129. The Supporting Component activities (Figure 3) encompass process, stress reduction
and environmental status indicators. Process indicators dwell on the increased capacities that
countries achieve through `hands-on' capacity development (e.g., RTF and NTF capacities; AoE
programs in place; number of projects implemented by community groups; funding allocations
and support for projects involving women, youth, indigenous people, and other marginalized
sectors). Stress reduction indicators include policy/program reforms in countries, which result in
increased investments in pollution reduction; reductions of nutrient and oxygen-demanding
loadings to rivers and coastal areas; the increased number of trained professionals and skilled
personnel who are working in ICM or other related areas within the framework of the SDS-SEA;
and the number of innovative technologies demonstrated to be efficient and cost-effective and
slated for replication in other areas/countries. The environmental and social status indicators
refer to: an increase in the proportion of local population with access to safe water, sewerage,
and/or sanitation services; and, in some local areas, improved water quality and reduced
incidence of water borne disease.
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Risks and Assumptions
130. Possible project risks and risk mitigation measures concerning the development and
implementation of the project are summarized in the table below.
Risk
Risk Risk
Type
Risk Mitigation
Rating
Lack of government support
Political
Low
The SDS-SEA was crafted by the
for the implementation of the
countries after an extensive consultative,
SDS-SEA
participatory process. Countries have
ownership of the SDS-SEA.
All participating countries signed the
Putrajaya Declaration in December 2003
and the Haikou Partnership Agreement in
December 2006, indicating their
willingness to cooperate to achieve the
objectives of the SDS-SEA, nationally
and regionally.
A number of countries have already
taken the initiative to develop work
programs aimed at improving national
coastal and ocean governance, using the
SDS-SEA as a guiding framework.
Lack of government
Political
Medium Governments of the region have
commitment to a legal
indicated that they are not willing to
framework for governing the
establish a legal framework at this point
management of the Seas of
in time.
East Asia
Alternatively, a partnership approach has
been adopted by the countries as an
interim step towards a long-term, self-
sustaining regional mechanism. The
partnership approach is designed to build
confidence and trust among the partners.
Governments have signified their
commitment to this partnership approach
with the establishment of a functional,
country-supported PEMSEA Resource
Facility (PRF) Secretariat Services.
During the project, a review of
alternatives to the partnership approach
will be conducted, and a Plan of Action
for transforming the partnership
arrangement into a long-term self-
sustaining mechanism will be completed.
Capacity to implement the
Operational Medium Capacity disparity within and among
SDS-SEA varies from
participating countries is well-recognized,
country-to-country, and will
and has been the focus of past and
impede the achievement of
ongoing donor initiatives, including GEF
the project's outputs and
enabling projects at the regional, sub-
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Risk
Risk Risk
Type
Risk Mitigation
Rating
outcomes.
regional and national levels.
The project design, outputs and
outcomes have been prepared with due
regard to this concern. The project
concentrates on putting into place core
policies, institutional and legal
arrangements, as well as technical,
financial and capacity development
programs to serve and guide countries in
meeting their priorities within their levels
of competence. Over the longer term,
countries will use and improve upon
these core tools and mechanisms as their
needs and priorities demand. Not all
countries will move toward the objectives
of the SDS-SEA at the same pace, but all
countries will be making progress.
The available time and
Operational Medium A critical factor to achieving the project
resources are too limited to
outputs and outcomes within the project
achieve the identified project
timeframe and budgetary allocation is the
outputs and outcomes.
commitment of the participating
governments.
Key targets of the project are policy
reform, institutional arrangements and
innovative financing mechanisms at the
national and local levels. The
implementation of national ICM scaling
up programs is a primary vehicle to
deliver the identified outputs.
Participating countries are already aware
of the modalities of, and benefits to be
derived from ICM as a consequence of
the PEMSEA regional project.
Many countries are responding by
committing considerable resources to
establishing national ICM programs and
support mechanisms. The project
provides countries with the means to
access and facilitate cooperation and
assistance with regional and global
partners to achieve their desired
individual and collective goals.
Governments are unwilling to
Operational Low Recognizing
that different governments
implement policy reforms that
have different policies and priorities, the
are necessary in order to
project will attempt to identify and work
facilitate enhanced
with governments at the national and
investment in pollution
sub-national levels. Some governments
reduction facilities and
have already expressed interest and
services.
willingness to implement policy reforms
and/or adopt innovative and transparent
mechanisms for developing, financing
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Risk
Risk Risk
Type
Risk Mitigation
Rating
and managing pollution reduction
facilities and services.
Governments and donors are Operational Low The
11th Project Steering Committee of
unwilling to collaborate in a
the PEMSEA Regional Programme
Strategic Partnership for
passed a resolution endorsing the
pollution reduction
Strategic Partnership approach. It is
arrangement, preferring
apparent that participating governments
conventional bilateral
are encouraged by this attempt to build
approaches.
cooperative arrangements among the
numerous funding agencies and donors
to reduce overlap and duplication of
effort.
The Strategic Partnership has been
designed as a flexible and innovative
prototype. The World Bank and UNDP
will be the early partners with the
countries, implementing innovative and
complementary projects and activities
aimed at reducing barriers to investments
in pollution reduction facilities.
As part of the project, a multi-sectoral,
multi-disciplinary team comprised of
representatives from government,
financing institutions, donors, NGOs, and
the private sector will coordinate and
facilitate the implementation of a
replication strategy aimed at increasing
and strengthening pollution reduction
investments, founded on good practices
and innovative approaches demonstrated
by the Strategic Partnership. A series of
promotional and stock-taking workshops
and events will be organized for the
purpose of sharing knowledge and
benefits derived from the Strategic
Partnership, and from the specific
projects undertaken by the Strategic
Partnership, thereby generating interest
and participation from a wider group of
donors, governments and private sector
interest groups.
Expected global, national and local benefits
131. The outcomes of the project, and the strategic partnership program as a whole, will be
realized at different levels in parallel with globally accepted principles. Sustainable development
serves as the overarching principle at the global level, while at the national and local levels, the
activities are guided by the fundamental principles of integrated and ecosystem-based
management, as well as adaptive management, which are broad-based approaches in support
of sustainable development. Annex 4 has been prepared in order to delineate specific linkages
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between the outcomes of this project, the relevant sections/actions identified in the WSSD plan
of Implementation, and performance indicators that will be incorporated into the M&E program
of the project. Thus, the relevance of SDS-SEA implementation can be evaluated on its merit
as a contribution to global targets.
132. Locally, through the application of ICM/ecosystem-based management practice
(Components C and D), local governments and concerned communities will be better prepared
and able to cope with development activities in coastal and watershed areas, to achieve time-
bound targets for integrated river basin and coastal area management, nutrient reduction, and
sustainable access to safe drinking water and sewage and sanitation facilities, and to implement
habitat restoration, fisheries management, and the effective administration of marine protected
areas (Components E, F and G). These local ICM/ecosystem-based management activities all
have knock-on social, economic and environmental benefits at the national and sub-national
levels and across the region. Specifically, they will facilitate the achievement of targets set
within the WSSD Plan of Implementation, the MDGs and other multilateral environmental
agreements and instruments, such as the GPA, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the
Jakarta Mandate, the Ramsar Convention, the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and others (Annex 4). Building the
necessary critical mass of communities and human resources will take time; the first three years
of the project will set the process and support mechanisms in place.
133. At the national level, the overall benefits of the SDS-SEA implementation project will be
two-fold. First, there will be a refocusing of attention on the importance of the coastal area to a
country's economy and to society as a whole, and on the benefits derived from integrated,
coordinated actions guided by a common policy. This will be aimed at policymakers as well as
political figures, enhancing their ownership and understanding of processes and products of the
ocean, and taking due consideration of the long-term effects of development policies, projects
and programs, both existing and future (Component B). Second, with enhanced recognition of
benefits derived from improved ocean and coastal governance, national governments will exert
greater effort and resource commitments within the country, regionally and internationally to
sustain the implementation of the SDS-SEA.
134. The regional and global outcomes will be far-reaching. As a world center of marine
biodiversity, the worsening of the region's environmental integrity has ramifications not only for
the inhabitants of East Asia, but also for user States and for other global beneficiaries of the
region's marine and coastal resources and waterways. The Seas of East Asia are a political,
environmental, biodiversity and socio-economic hotspot perhaps the foremost hotspot
worldwide with regard to sustainable development and management of marine and coastal
resources. The success of the SDS-SEA implementation therefore will have a number of
significant regional and global ramifications, contributing to a more secure ocean by:
a. reducing threats to national and regional security, brought about by competition over
limited resources, which result in transboundary political, social, cultural, economic
and environmental risks that could have negative consequences beyond the region;
b. alleviating the pressures of poverty in the region, which compound the threats to
security, through conservation and improved management of coastal resources at
the community level, while contributing to the global targets of the WSSD POI and
the UN MDGs especially poverty alleviation, and accessibility to water, sewerage
and sanitary services;
c. achieving important milestones in the sustainable development of marine and coastal
resources, thereby leveraging the replication of ICM programs within the region and
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
beyond, and providing guidance to solving a broad range of relevant problems, such
as in-country migration to coastal areas, population growth, pollution reduction,
waste management, habitat restoration and conservation, overexploitation of
fisheries, social unrest, unemployment, terrorism, uncontrolled development, and
conflicting uses of limited available resources;
d. increasing government commitments to reducing nutrients and oxygen-demanding
pollutants in rivers and marine and coastal areas, through the promotion and
replication of innovative policies, technologies, financing mechanisms, economic
instruments and public-private partnership arrangements, as demonstrated by the
GEF Strategic Partnership; and
e. changing the attitude and behavior of leaders, decision makers and senior managers
in the public and private sectors, by transferring a portfolio of successful projects,
case studies and lessons learned, involving national and local governments, the
corporate sector/business community, IFIs, international agencies and organizations,
donors, scientific institutions/universities, NGOs and community groups in managing
marine and coastal areas and resources in a sustainable manner.
135. The project's impacts correlate well with the indicators of on-the-ground reforms and
stress reduction measures, which are the focus of the IW Focal Area during GEF4, including:
Relevant IW Indicators
Project's Contribution to the IW Indicator
Multi-country water body legal framework PEMSEA's EAS Partnership Council transformation into a long-term,
developed and/or strengthened.
self-sustaining regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation
with its own legal personality; 6-year Framework of Partnership
Programmes for SDS-SEA implementation adopted and initiated by
participating countries and other partners; Plan of Action for the
transformation of PEMSEA into a sustainable regional mechanism
with its own legal identity adopted and initiated.
National policies, legal and institutional ICM policies and legislation catalyzed in at least 5 countries during
reforms adopted to reduce land-based the project (Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam)
sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and covering scaling up of ICM programs, 6-year framework programs
oxygen-demanding pollutants, consistent with time-bound targets for pollution reduction, and national
with agreed transboundary action interagency, multisectoral coordinating mechanisms.
programs.
Financial and institutional sustainability of PEMSEA Resource Facility Secretariat Services, PEMSEA Network
joint transboundary waters institutions.
of Local Governments Secretariat, and Twinning Secretariat for
Ecosystem-based management fully functional and sustained by
participating governments and their partners.
Broad stakeholder involvement in Regular triennial EAS Congress and Ministers Forum conducted,
transboundary water body priority setting serving as the vehicle for knowledge sharing and evaluation of local,
and evaluation of progress established.
national and regional progress towards the agreed objectives and
targets of the SDS-SEA, and employing the regional State of Coasts
reporting system as the primary source of information.
Financial mechanisms in place to support Project Preparation Revolving Fund(s) operating in at least one
SAP implementation.
country and providing fully developed project proposals to financing
programs and investment groups in the public and private sectors,
for financing of pollution reduction projects in the municipal,
industrial and agricultural sectors.
Reductions in conflicting uses and ICM programs functioning in coastal provinces, cities and
degradation/ destruction of marine and municipalities in Cambodia, China, Philippines, Indonesia, Japan,
coastal resources.
RO Korea, Thailand, Timor Leste, and Vietnam, addressing use
conflicts and priority environmental issues, including pollution
reduction, waste management, conservation/restoration of habitats
and fisheries, sustainable use of water resources, alternative
livelihoods, coastal development, and disaster management.
Adoption and sustainable implementation Policy and institutional reforms adopted among local governments
of policy, legal and institutional reforms for implementing ICM programs, catalyzing investment opportunities for
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Relevant IW Indicators
Project's Contribution to the IW Indicator
pollution reduction and coastal protection.
the corporate sector/business community and IFIs in Philippines and
Vietnam.
Reduced discharges of nutrients and Replication strategies/investment plans prepared for priority pollution
oxygen-demanding pollutants from the hotspot locations in China (Bohai Sea) and the Philippines (Manila
municipal, industrial and agricultural Bay); innovative technologies, practices and financing approaches
sectors.
demonstrated under the Partnership Investment Fund sub-projects
promoted/replicated in pollution hotspots; reductions in nutrient
loadings ranging from 10-50% in targeted coastal areas.
Increased proportion of the local ICM scaling up programs result in improvements in the quality of life
population with access to safe and in local communities, as measured by reductions in risk to human
sustainable water supply, sewerage and health from unsafe drinking water sources and untreated sewage
sanitation facilities.
discharges, and sustaining/increasing community livelihoods,
especially coastal fisheries and aquaculture.
Improved water quality of coastal areas at Implementation of strategic action plans within ICM framework in
ICM sites, increased areas of protected targeted coastal areas result in: 5%-10% of habitats identified as
and/or restored habitat, stabilized or protected areas and/or undergoing restoration; improvements in
increased fish biomass; other indicators of fishery management and stabilization of some coastal fish stocks
ecosystem health.
and alternate increase in biomass.
Country Ownership: Country Eligibility and Country Drivenness
136. The participating countries, including Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines,
Thailand, Timor Leste and Vietnam, are eligible for GEF assistance under para 9(b) of the GEF
Instrument. Brunei Darussalam, Japan, RO Korea and Singapore will be participating in the
project on a cost-sharing basis, thereby providing an opportunity for cross-country transfer of
knowledge and experience between developed countries and lesser developed countries of the
region.
137. The proposed project is targeted at assisting countries to strengthen coordination, build
capacity, and leverage investments to achieve their commitments under the Putrajaya
Declaration, and the action programs of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of
East Asia. Country commitments to and the sense of ownership of the project have been
demonstrated in a series of recent initiatives undertaken by the concerted efforts of the
participating countries:
a. formulation and adoption of the Haikou Partnership Agreement and Partnership
Operating Arrangements for the implementation of the SDS-SEA, signed by
Ministers of participating governments during the Ministerial Forum of the EAS
Congress 2006;
b. financial commitments to the establishment and operation of the PRF Secretariat
Services, including in particular, cash contributions by China, Japan and RO Korea,
through Cost Sharing Agreements (CSA) with the UNDP; and
c. national consultation workshops and/forums undertaken from January 2006 to
August 2006 in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Philippines, RO
Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, with a total of over 900 participants,
including national and local government officials and representatives of research and
education institutions, NGOs, corporate and private sector and communities. The
President of the Republic of Philippines addressed her country's National Forum on
Sustainable Development of Coastal and Marine Resources, announcing her
signature of an Executive Order for the adoption and implementation of integrated
coastal management (ICM) as a national strategy. These events have been able to
take stock of experience and lessons learned in the past project implementation and
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identify national needs and priorities that have been reflected in the formulation of
this Project Document.
138. The project will also complement the activities of the countries, UNDP, UNEP-GPA, the
World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and bilateral projects aimed at similar objectives.
The project also fits programmatically with existing and proposed GEF projects in the region
including, for example: Management of Livestock Wastes in East Asia; Implementation of
Public-Private Partnerships in Environmental Investments; the Mekong River Wetland
Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use Program; Biodiversity Management in the
Coastal Area of China's South Sea; Hai River Basin Integrated Water Resources Management;
Guangdong - Pearl River Delta Urban Environment; the Marine Electronic Highway
Demonstration Project (Straits of Malacca); and Conserving Marine Biodiversity through
Enhanced Marine Park Management and Inclusive Sustainable Island Development (Malaysia).
The EAS Partnership Council, as well as the triennial EAS Congress, will serve as vehicles for
sharing of information and strengthening partnerships and collaborative arrangements among
these related initiatives and SDS-SEA implementation.
Project Sustainability
139. Sustainability refers to the continuation of benefits institutional, environmental, social,
economic and financial beyond the project. The project targets institutional sustainability with
the long term implementation of the SDS-SEA strategies and action programs, including:
a. Strengthening the capacity of the new regional mechanism (i.e., EAS Partnership
Council; PEMSEA Resource Facility; and EAS Congress/Ministerial Forum) for
coordinating the implementation of the SDS-SEA, and putting in place a systematic
monitoring and reporting system (i.e., State of Coasts) to assess the state of the
coasts, and to refine and adapt the SDS-SEA implementation program in response
to the assessments (Component A);
b. adoption and implementation of national policies, legislation, action plans and
coordinating mechanisms for sustainable coastal and ocean development and
management through ICM (Component B); and
c. formulation and implementation of a Plan of Action that will transform PEMSEA into a
competent, self-sustaining, country- and partner-owned regional implementing
mechanism for SDS-SEA.
140. The
environmental sustainability of the project is covered through:
a. development and implementation of national coastal and ocean policy, which
encourages sustainable development of coasts and oceans, including investments in
pollution reduction;
b. capacity building of local and national staff on coastal governance, and
ICM/ecosystem-based management implementation and replication;
c. adoption and implementation of ICM programs at the local government level, with a
target of 5% of the coastlines of the region initiating or fully implementing ICM
programs by the completion of the project (Component C); and
d. putting in place a GEF/World Bank/UNDP/PEMSEA Strategic Partnership to facilitate
the development, demonstration and replication of good policies, practices,
technologies and financing mechanisms for pollution reduction.
141. The
project
addresses social sustainability by:
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
a. conducting high-level national and regional ocean forums to promote and
mainstream policies and programs on sustainable coastal and ocean management
into the national and local socioeconomic development agenda, including the
carrying out of national assessments of contributions made by the coastal and
marine areas/sectors to overall social and economic development at the country
level and the benefits derived for present and future generations;
b. scaling up on-the-ground integrated management of coastal and watershed areas at
the local government/community levels across the region, thereby enhancing food,
shelter, livelihood/employment, health, environmental and economic security of local
populations on a sustainable and self-reliant basis; and
c. providing the means and opportunities for women, the youth, the poor and other
marginalized groups to develop and implement initiatives aimed at conserving and
restoring coastal and marine resources, while enhancing social well-being and
livelihoods in coastal communities, in collaboration with the GEF/UNDP Small Grants
Programme, and other relevant programs.
142. The
project
addresses financial sustainability in the following ways:
a. countries are challenged with supporting the operation of the PRF Secretariat
Services, commencing in January 2007. The commitment by three countries (i.e.,
China, RO Korea, and Japan) bodes well for the financial sustainability of the
regional mechanism;
b. development and adoption of rolling 6-year national program frameworks, including
the identification of priority issues/areas of concern, milestone targets and agreed
timeframes, and the delineation of supporting national programs and related
resource commitments;
c. establishment of a regional Partnership Fund, as part of the financing arrangements
for the regional implementing mechanism, to channel and ensure best use of
voluntary contributions of resources from countries, international agencies, donors,
institutions and other groups supporting the SDS-SEA implementation program; and
d. promotion and facilitation of policy and other institutional reforms at the national and
local government levels, to improve the investment climate and economic
instruments in order to encourage public and private sector investments in pollution
reduction facilities and services; and
e. joint development and demonstration of the Project Preparation Revolving Fund for
pollution reduction, in collaboration with GEF and World Bank.
Project Replicability
143. Replicability is an integral element of the SDS-SEA implementation. Nevertheless, it is
recognized that the East Asian region presents a substantial challenge to the achievement of
the desired levels of replication. The capacity disparities that exist within and among countries,
and the lack of effective working relationships among the many donors, international institutions
and regional programmes and projects that are operating in the region, have resulted in limited
replication between and across such initiatives in the past.
144. To address these constraints, the project will put into operation an innovative regional
arrangement, founded on intergovernmental and multi-sectoral partnerships. As a partnership,
the regional arrangement will be outcome-oriented, meaning that the partnerships are formed to
achieve specific objectives under the umbrella of the SDS-SEA. When the respective objectives
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
of the Partners have been achieved, individually and/or collectively, the partnership ceases,
transforms to a new institutional arrangement, or adopts a new target.
145. Such an arrangement is designed to facilitate cooperation and collaboration among
outcome-oriented Partners, through such measures as information- and knowledge-sharing,
capacity development, demonstration of innovative approaches and technologies, and scaling
up and replication of good practices. Several novel mechanisms will be applied during the
project in order to facilitate and expand Partner support for SDS-SEA implementation, including
the EAS Partnership Council, the triennial EAS Congress, the Ministerial Forum, the PEMSEA
Network of Local Governments (PNLG), the regional Partnership Fund, and national and
regional training programs and forums organized by PEMSEA or in cooperation with
organizations, such as the World Bank, UNDP, UNEP, regional institutions, programs and
projects such as the South China Sea and Yellow Sea LME projects, and international NGOs.
146. In addition, the PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF) will be set up with the financial support
of participating countries. The PRF is a package of services and resources mobilized by
PEMSEA to facilitate the implementation of the SDS-SEA. The PRF consists of Secretariat
Services in support of the EAS Partnership Council, and Technical Services to provide services
required by Partners and collaborators. The Technical Services will be operationalized through
the implementation of projects and services funded by donors and other collaborators. The
PRF will be the primary vehicle of PEMSEA for packaging, disseminating and promoting the
replication of good practices and lessons learned from the various projects undertaken by
Partners (i.e., members of the EAS Partnership Council), as well as donors and collaborators
funding projects in the region.
147. The Strategic Partnership component of the project, comprised of GEF, World Bank,
UNDP and PEMSEA, will have full access to the regional mechanism and its support services to
promote and facilitate replication and scaling up of proven, innovative technologies and
approaches to pollution reduction. The replication strategy of the Strategic Partnership consists
of two major elements, namely: a) replication or scaling up of good practices within the
immediate area of the Partnership Investment Fund demonstration project in order to achieve
the full benefit of the forecast reduction in pollution loadings; and b) replication of good practices
at the national and regional levels, where opportunities for application of demonstrated
technologies and practices have been identified and can be facilitated.
148. The strategy aims to promote the replication of each demonstrated technology or
practice under the Partnership Investment Fund project, through information and knowledge
sharing activities, national workshops, and regional conferences. Specific actions include:
a. an annual replication workshop conducted in coincidence with meetings of the EAS
Partnership Council and/or the PEMSEA Network of Local Government;
b. participation of at least one country official to attend the GEF International Waters
Portfolio Conference in 2009 as well as funding for an exhibit at the conference;
c. GEF websites set up for the Strategic Partnership and for each demonstration
project; and
d. a series of opportunity briefs published and disseminated on the good practices and
replication opportunities. Project websites will be consistent with the IW LEARN
guidelines and linked to IW LEARN networks.
149. The overall, systematic approach to replication is detailed in Annex 7.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
Organizational Arrangements
150. The project will be implemented in accordance with the organization chart for project
management, included in Annex 5. The EAS Partnership Council will serve as the Project
Steering Committee. The EAS Partnership Council and the EAS Congress will provide the
project with access to a wide audience of concerned stakeholders, monitoring overall progress,
facilitating coordination across programs and projects, strengthening transfer of knowledge and
good practices and avoiding duplication of effort. The project will be implemented by the UNDP,
through the PEMSEA Resource Facility, with guidance from and in coordination with the EAS
Partnership Council and the EAS Congress.
151. The PEMSEA Resource Facility will serve the pivotal project management function,
providing technical and management services that include:
a. implementing the EAS Partnership Council's decisions concerning policy and
operating modalities for the GEF project;
b. developing, coordinating and implementing the GEF project in collaboration with
participating countries, partners and collaborators;
c. preparing and submitting annual consolidated reports to Council on the GEF project
development and implementation, including financial statements;
d. providing technical, financial, investment and management support for specific
projects and programs within the framework of the SDS-SEA;
e. developing and implementing a process of recognizing and certifying good practices
in SDS-SEA implementation;
f. monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the SDS-SEA to the EAS
Partnership Council and the EAS Congress; and
g. coordinating the development of a long-term, self-sustaining regional arrangement
with its own legal identity, taking into account changing conditions, emerging issues
and other related factors.
Institutional Arrangements
152. Institutional linkages have been manifested through consultation with various
international agencies and institutions, as follows:
a. The project complements the work of UNDP in the region, providing UNDP country
offices with a mechanism and road map to sustainable development and the
achievement of the WSSD and MDG targets through implementation of the SDS-
SEA;
b. An agreement has been signed with the UNDP Small Grants Programme in support
of NGOs/CBOs/POs participation in the formulation and implementation of coastal
strategies at the local government level;
c. The World Bank, UNDP and PEMSEA are in the process of forging a pilot Strategic
Partnership Arrangement for implementation of the SDS-SEA. The arrangement
includes development and implementation of a WB/GEF Partnership Investment
Fund for Pollution Reduction in the LMEs of East Asia. World Bank is currently
implementing integrated river basin management projects in the Hai, Pearl and
Mekong Rivers, which are an integral part of the SDS-SEA strategy;
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
d. IMO has implemented a number of capacity building initiatives in the East Asian
Seas region through the Regional Programme Office (RPO) of PEMSEA. This is
expected to be continued under the proposed project, particularly with regard to
strengthening awareness and capacities in maritime safety, marine pollution
prevention from ships, ship and port security, invasive alien species in ballast water,
anti-fouling systems, and the designation and management of particularly sensitive
sea areas (PSSAs). A letter of agreement is pending;
e. An MOA/LOI has been signed with UNEP-GPA, outlining areas of cooperation and
collaboration regarding implementation of GPA within the framework of the SDS-SEA
in the East Asian region;
f. UNEP GPA and UNEP/COBSEA have been part of the consultation process in the
development of the SDS-SEA. PEMSEA and COBSEA have also prepared a joint
policy brief entitled Partnership Opportunities for Enhancing GPA Implementation in
the East Asian Region (2007-2011), which was presented to the GPA IGR2 meeting
in October 2006. The policy brief outlines ways and means of promoting enhanced
collaboration and sharing experiences and knowledge among countries and regional
programs and projects. UNEP GPA is a member of the EAS Partnership Council,
while COBSEA sits as an Observer at the Council;
g. Consultations have been undertaken with the two GEF regional projects (i.e.,
GEF/UNEP South China Sea LME project; and GEF/UNDP Yellow Sea LME project)
to build awareness and understanding on the implementation of the SDS-SEA, and
its relevance to the respective SAPs of the two sub-regional projects. Both projects
were invited to join the EAS Partnership Council, as a forum for increased
collaboration and knowledge sharing among countries of the region and their
partners, all of whom are involved in sustainable development of the seas of East
Asia. The GEF/UNDP Yellow Sea project signed the Partnership Operating
Arrangements of PEMSEA in December 2006, thereby becoming a member of the
EAS Partnership Council. The GEF/UNEP South China Sea project collaborated with
PEMSEA in the organization and implementation of the EAS Congress 2006 (One
Ocean, One People, One Vision) and sat as an Observer during Ministerial Forum
the Inaugural Meeting of the EAS Partnership Council;
h. Conservation International signed a Letter of Cooperation with PEMSEA along with
the Partnership Operating Arrangements in December 2006, indicating areas of
collaboration in East Asia with regard to resource and biodiversity conservation and
protection in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas. The arrangement covers collaboration related
to development of national coastal and marine policy, good practices in climate
change adaptation strategies within the ICM framework, contribution to the regional
State of Coasts report, and training on specialized skills for application of
ICM/ecosystem-based management and integrated implementation of international
environmental instruments and regional plans of action. A similar agreement with
IUCN is pending;
i. A Letter of Cooperation was with the Department of Sustainability and Environment
(DSE) and the Victorian Coastal Council (VCC) of Victoria, Australia, in December
2006 on the following activities: awareness-building; skills enhancement and
professional development; linkage-, partnership, and local alliance--building; and
strengthening the use of intellectual capital through networking for marine education,
training and research;
j. NOAA signed a Letter of Cooperation with PEMSEA in December 2006 covering the
integrated freshwater to oceans management approach, focused on the Jiulongjiang
River in the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Longyan region of Fujian Province;
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
k. Three Korean research institutions, namely Korea Maritime Institute, Korea Ocean
Research and Development Institute, and Korea Environment Institute, signed MOUs
in May 2006, to broaden knowledge sharing and capacity building in integrated
coastal management in the East Asian Seas region. The MOUs provide a formal
framework for organization of joint training and technical workshops, knowledge
sharing, development of research initiatives, and staff exchange. The three
institutions signed the Partnership Operating Arrangements at the EAS Congress
2006; and
l. The GEF IW Learn project is a key player in the implementation of the project.
Training and knowledge sharing systems of IW Learn are particularly supportive for
transferring PEMSEA experience in ICM to other GEF projects in other regions, such
as the Bay of Bengal, the Pacific SIDS projects, as well as collaborative efforts with
the GEF Red Sea.
153. The project will continue to facilitate and strengthen collaborative arrangements with
other partners and projects at all levels of implementation. Annexes provide more detail on this
institutional framework, including a project-wide organizational chart (Annex 5) and Terms of
Reference for PRF personnel (Annex 9). Annex 11 provides partners' letters of commitment
and documentation of co-financing.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN AND CORRESPONDING BUDGET
Monitoring and Evaluation
154. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the proposed project will be conducted in
accordance with established UNDP and GEF procedures, and in consonance with the
management structure and processes adopted under the proposed project. The Logical
Framework (Annex 3), which covers performance indicators for project implementation along
with their corresponding means of verification, will underpin the M&E system for the proposed
project.
155. Under activities A.1.5, C.1.3, and G.1.3, the Project will support the development of a
fuller and more detailed set of indicators than is possible to include in the Logical Framework,
applying the structure of GEF IW indicators, based on process, stress reduction and
environmental and social status indicators.
156. The standard M&E reports and procedures required for all UNDP/GEF projects will apply
to the M&E for the proposed project, including the following:
· Inception Workshop and Report. The Inception Workshop among the parties
involved in the project, and resulting Inception Report are the venue and means to
finalize preparations for the implementation of the proposed project, involving the
formulation of the first annual work plan, detailing of stakeholder roles and
responsibilities, and of reporting and monitoring requirements. It is noteworthy,
however, that the preparation of the Project Document of the proposed project
already adopted a rather long and rigorous consultative process under the ongoing
Regional Programme PEMSEA. It is therefore anticipated that the inception
workshop and the resulting report ensuing during the incipient months of the
succeeding project's implementation would result in minor adjustments to the
provisions in the original Project Document.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
· Tripartite Review (TPR). Project monitoring will occur under a tripartite review, in the
form of the Intergovernmental Session of the EAS Partnership Council, the highest
policy-level meeting of the parties directly involved in the implementation of the
project. It is an important and formal event in the monitoring process conducted at
least every year following the Inception Workshop. It will assess the progress of the
project and take decisions on recommendations to improve the design and
implementation of the project in order to achieve the expected results. The same
parties involved in the prior Inception Workshop will participate in the TPR.
· Quarterly Operational Report. Each quarter, the PEMSEA Resource Facility will
prepare a 100-word summary of the project's substantive and technical progress
towards achieving its objectives. The summaries will be reviewed and cleared by
UNDP-Manila before being sent to the UNDP/GEF Regional Coordinator;
· Harmonized Annual Project Report and Project Implementation Review, including
Project Terminal Report. These annual requirements by UNDP and GEF,
respectively, will cover performance assessment on project outputs and outcomes,
constraints experienced, lessons learned and recommendations, for input to the TPR
meetings. A Terminal version will be prepared for the Terminal TPR meeting;
· Independent External Evaluation. This will consist of Mid-term Evaluation
undertaken during the second implementation year, determining progress
achievements, issues and recommendations that input to the final half of project term,
and Final Evaluation conducted three months prior to the final TPR meeting,
covering impact, sustainability, and follow-through recommendations;
· Budget Revisions. Project budget revisions will be signed by the Designated
Institution and UNDP Resident Representative. An annual revision is mandatory and
will be completed by 10 June. This will reflect the final expenditures for the
preceding year, to enable the preparation of a realistic plan for the provision of inputs
for the current year. Other budget revisions may be undertaken as necessary during
the course of the project. It is expected that significant revisions will be cleared with
the UNDP/GEF Regional Coordinator for consistency with the GEF principle of
incrementality and GEF eligibility criteria before being approved;
· Substantive Project Revisions. Substantive revisions are defined as set out in the
UNDP Programming Manual and allow for substantive changes in the project's
objectives, immediate objectives, duration, scope of intervention, or project sites.
Such revisions will be undertaken in accordance with the UNDP Programming
Manual and will be endorsed by the TPR. In addition, if the substantive project
revision includes changes to the agreed use of GEF funds, it will be cleared by the
Executive Coordinator UNDP/GEF before being signed;
· Audit. The project will be subject to the audit procedures and requirements of the IA
(UNDP).
157. M&E procedures intrinsic to the adopted structures and processes of the proposed
project, particularly those cited in the Partnership Operating Arrangements for the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Implementation of the SDS-SEA accepted during the 12th PSC Meeting, will also apply. This
involves the Secretariat Services Unit of the PEMSEA Resource Facility that will:
· prepare and submit to the EAS Partnership Council a consolidated report of the
programme development and implementation, including financial statements;
· monitor and report on the implementation of the SDS-SEA; and
· coordinate the updating of the SDS-SEA, taking into account changing conditions,
emerging issues and other related factors, on a periodic basis.
158. The overall monitoring and evaluation plan is summarized in Table 1.
Corresponding Budget
159. The corresponding budget for the M&E plan is $622,858, excluding PRF Technical
Services staff time and UNDP staff time and travel. The breakdown of M&E budgetary
allocations is included in Table 1.
160. Table 2 summarizes process and stress reduction indicators, as provided in the Logical
Framework (Annex 3) for the region and for participating countries, as appropriate. These
indicators will be utilized to monitor progress and achievements of project implementation, and
will be reported on an annual basis. In addition, the table contains indicators of catalytic impact,
which focus on leveraging investments in pollution reduction, in line with the World Bank
Partnership Investment Fund, as part of the Strategic Partnership arrangement (Component G).
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Table 1: Indicative Monitoring and Evaluation Plan and Corresponding Budget
Budget US$
Type of M&E
Responsible Parties
Excluding Project
Timeframe
Activity
Team Staff Time
Inception Report
PRF
Technical
Immediately following
Services
the first Project Steering
Nil
Committee/EAS
Partnership Council
Development of fuller
PRF
Technical
Within 12 months of
and more detailed set of
Services
project start-up
indicators
Regional
Task
Force on State of
Coasts reporting
(A.1.5)
125,000
National
Task
Forces on ICM
reporting (C.1.3)
Strategic
Partnership project
indicators (G.1.3)
Measurement of project
Local, national, sub-
State of Coast report
progress and
regional and
will be published
performance
regional reporting
triennially
system for the State
of Coasts report
Progress indicators/
395,000
PRF
Technical
performance indicators
Services
will be monitored
annually and reported in
APR/PIR, including
catalytic impact.
TPR and TPR Report
EAS
Partnership
Annually
Council -
Intergovernmental
Session
Nil
PRF
Technical
Services
UNDP
GEF
Quarterly Operational
PRF
Technical
Quarterly
Reports
Services
Nil
UNDP
PPRR
UNDP
GEF
APR/PIR
PRF
Technical
Annually
Services
Nil
UNDP
PPRR
UNDP
GEF
Project Steering
EAS
Partnership
Annually
Committee meetings
Council Technical
Session
PRF
Technical
Services
Nil
World
Bank
(Strategic
Partnership)
UNDP
PPRR
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Budget US$
Type of M&E
Responsible Parties
Excluding Project
Timeframe
Activity
Team Staff Time
Mid-term External
PRF
Technical
At the mid-point of the
Evaluation/Report
Services
project
UNDP
PPRR
UNDP
GEF
30,000
World
Bank
(Strategic
Partnership)
External
consultants
Final Terminal
PRF
Technical
At the end of project
Evaluation/Report
Services
implementation
UNDP
PPRR
UNDP
GEF
World
Bank
42,858
(Strategic
Partnership)
External
Consultants
Budget Revisions
PRF
Technical
Annually, but before
Services
Nil
June 10
UNDP
GEF
Substantive Budget
PRF
Technical
As needed
Revisions
Services
UNDP
GEF
Nil
Executive
Coordinator
Financial Audit
PRF
Secretariat
As required by the
Services
30,000
IA/EA
UNDP
PPRR
TOTAL INDICATIVE COST
Excluding project team staff and UNDP staff and
622,858
travel expenses
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Table 2: Indicative Process (P), Stress Reduction (SR) and Catalytic Indicators (CI)
Subject to Annual Monitoring and Reporting
Project
Means of
Sampling
Indicators
Location
Component
Verification
Frequency
(P) 6-year framework of
partnership programs
TPR report
Annual Region
adopted by the EAS
APR/PIR
Partnership Council
(P) Partnership Fund
TPR report
adopted/implemented by the
Annual Region
Component A:
APR/PIR
EAS Partnership Council
A functional
(P) Local, national and
Cambodia, China,
regional
regional State of Coasts
TPR report
Philippines, Thailand,
mechanism
Annual
reporting system developed
APR/PIR
Vietnam, Japan,
and demonstrated
Singapore, RO Korea
(P) Plan of Action for a long
term, self-sustained regional
TPR report
Annual Region
mechanism adopted by EAS
APR/PIR
Partnership Council
(P) National reforms/policies
for integrated management of
China, Philippines, RO
coastal and marine areas
APR/PIR Annual Korea, Thailand,
adopted/initiated
Vietnam
Component B:
National
(P) 6-year national framework
policies and
plans adopted, with relevant
reforms
agencies allocating resources
APR/PIR
Annual
RO Korea, Vietnam
and assigning managers and
staff to implement work
programs
(P) ICM policies/ legislation
Cambodia, China,
and 6-year action plans for
APR/PIR Annual
Indonesia, Philippines,
ICM implementation adopted
Vietnam
and/or initiated
(P) National interagency,
multisectoral coordinating
committees for ICM program
established providing
APR/PIR Annual China,
Philippines
planning, direction-setting,
decision-making and
Component C:
evaluation for program
National ICM
(SR) 5% of the region's
Cambodia, China,
scaling up
coastline confirmed to be
Indonesia, Japan,
programs
developing and implementing
APR/PIR Annual
Philippines, RO Korea,
ICM programs
Thailand, Timor Leste,
Vietnam
(P) PEMSEA ICM Code
developed and adopted by
the EAS Partnership Council
as a standard for voluntary
APR/PIR Annual
Region
use by national and local
governments in ICM program
development and
implementation.
Component D:
(P) Integrated river basin and
APR/PIR
Annual
China, Philippines, RO
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project
Means of
Sampling
Indicators
Location
Component
Verification
Frequency
coastal area management
Korea, Indonesia
programs established and
operating in identified
Twinning
pollution hotspots
arrangements
for river basin
(P) South-south or north-
and coastal
south twinning arrangements
area
negotiated, signed and
management
implemented in support of
APR/PIR Annual China,
Philippines
river basin and coastal area
management programs in
identified pollution hotspots.
(P)Two (2) Areas of
Excellence operating within
existing research institutions
and institutions of higher
learning, focusing on:
Philippines, Hong
APR/PIR Annual
monitoring changes in the
Kong
marine environment; habitat
restoration and rehabilitation;
and ocean policy and
international conventions.
(P) National ICM training
China, Philippines,
program developed and
APR/PIR Annual Indonesia, Vietnam,
implemented
(P) Agreement signed/
implemented with GEF
Component E:
IW:LEARN, regarding
APR/PIR Annual
Region
Intellectual
regional and global
Capital and
dissemination of regional
Human
lessons and case studies
Resources
(SR) At least 6 site-specific
and community level
collaborative projects
Cambodia, Indonesia,
developed and implemented
APR/PIR Annual
Thailand, Philippines,
to strengthen community
Vietnam
participation in decision-
making through SGP support
(SR) 100% increase in the
number of local governments
APR/PIR
participating in PNLG and
PNLG
Annual Region
committed to implementing
Proceedings
ICM programs
(P) World Oceans Week
APR/PIR
hosted by the Xiamen
PNLG
Annual China
Municipal Government on a
Proceedings
regular basis.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project
Means of
Sampling
Indicators
Location
Component
Verification
Frequency
(P) Good policies and
practices in financing and
investment in pollution
reduction facilities and
China, Philippines,
APR/PIR Annual
services packaged and
Vietnam
promoted for adoption among
ICM sites and pollution
Component F:
hotspots
Investment and (P) Financing and investment
Financing
policy reforms developed,
China, Philippines,
APR/PIR Annual
adopted and implemented at
Vietnam
ICM sites
(P) One-stop public-private
partnership support service
for local governments and the
APR/PIR Annual
Philippines
private sector established and
operating within the PRF.
(P) Five (5) good practices
and case studies prepared
Technical
China, Indonesia,
Annual
and disseminated
reports
Philippines, Vietnam
(P) Annual workshops and
Component G: midterm stocktaking meetings
China, Indonesia,
Strategic
at the national and regional
APR/PIR Annual
Philippines, Vietnam,
Partnership
levels promoting replication of
EAS Congress 2009
Arrangements
good practices
(CI) Increased investment of
APR/PIR
$350 to $500 million in
World Bank
China, Indonesia,
Annual
pollution reduction
disbursement
Philippines, Vietnam
data
(P) Agreements forged
between 50 companies and
firms and local government
units in support of ICM or
APR/PIR Annual
Philippines,
Indonesia
environmental program
development and
implementation
Component H:
(SR) Demonstration project
Corporate
involving multinational
Social
corporation and local
APR/PIR Annual
Region
Responsibility
government/community re:
sustainable development
(P) Recognition and incentive
system developed in support
of corporate social
APR/PIR Annual
Region
responsibility for sustainable
development of coastal
communities
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LEGAL CONTEXT
161. This Project Document shall be the instrument referred to as such in Article 1 of the
Basic Assistance Agreement between the United Nations Development Program and those
participating institutions which signed such agreement.
162. The following types of revisions may be made to this Project Document with the
signature of the Principal Project Representative (PPR) only, provided he or she is assured that
the other signatories of the Project Document have no objection to the changes:
a. Revisions in, or addition of, any of the annexes of the Project Document.
b. Revisions that do not involve significant changes in the immediate Subcomponents,
objectives, outputs or activities of the project, but are caused by the rearrangement
of the inputs already agreed to or by cost increases due to inflation.
c. Mandatory annual revisions that re-phase the delivery of agreed project inputs or
increased expert or other costs due to inflation or take into account agency
expenditure flexibility.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
70
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
TOTAL BUDGET AND WORK PLAN
Project Summary by Atlas Code
Award ID:
Award Title:
PIMS: County Name Project Title:
Business Unit:
Project Title:
PIMS: County Name Project Title:
Implementing Partner
GEF OUTCOME/ATLAS ACTIVITY
Res. Party -
Fund ID
Donor
Atlas
Amount
Amount
Amount
See
Implementing
Name
Budgetary
Atlas Budget
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Total (USD) Budget
Agent
Account
Description
(USD)
(USD)
(USD)
Note:
Code
Component A: A functional regional
International
71200
28,890
21,400
21,400
71,690
mechanism for SDS-SEA
Consultants
implementation
71300
Local Consultants
95,337
93,090
73,616
262,043
71600
Travel
42,800
64,200
32,100
139,100
PRF
GEF
Contract Services -
1
72100
118,235
120,375
125,190
363,800
Company
63400
Learning Costs
79,715
155,150
246,100
480,965
74200
AV & Publications
37,985
40,767
65,912
144,664
SUBTOTAL
402,962
494,982
564,318
1,462,262
International
71200
186,395
186,395
186,397
559,187
Consultants
PRF
GOV'T
71300
Local Consultants
61,907
61,907
61,909
185,723
Contract Services -
71400
51,696
51,697
51,697
155,090
Individual
SUBTOTAL
299,998
299,999
300,003
900,000
Component B: National policies and
International
71200
64,200
90,950
69,550
224,700
reforms for sustainable coastal and
Consultants
ocean governance
71300
Local Consultants
17,120
21,400
8,560
47,080
PRF
GEF
71600
Travel
5,885
6,955
24,075
36,915
Contract Services -
2
72100
64,200
96,300
42,800
203,300
Company
63400
Learning Costs
42,800
42,800
21,400
107,000
74200
AV & Publications
0
2,140
2,675
4,815
SUBTOTAL
194,205
260,545
169,060
623,810
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
71
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
GEF OUTCOME/ATLAS ACTIVITY
Res. Party -
Fund ID
Donor
Atlas
Implementing
Name
Amount
Amount
Amount
See
Budgetary
Atlas Budget
Agent
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Total (USD)
Budget
Account
Description
(USD)
(USD)
(USD)
Note:
Code
Component C: National ICM Scaling-
International
71200
177,085
235,400
155,150
567,635
up Programs
Consultants
71300
Local Consultants
44,940
74,900
55,640
175,480
PRF
GEF
71600
Travel
28,355
39,590
23,540
91,485
Contract Services -
3
72100
195,810
430,140
192,600
818,550
Company
63400
Learning Costs
299,600
411,950
230,050
941,600
74200
AV & Publications
10,700
0
9,630
20,330
SUBTOTAL
756,490
1,191,980
666,610
2,615,080
Component D: Twinning
International
71200
74,900
58,850
37,450
171,200
Arrangements for River Basins and
Consultants
Coastal Seas Management
71300
Local Consultants
26,750
26,750
21,400
74,900
71600
Travel
12,305
12,305
17,655
42,265
PRF
GEF
Contract Services -
4
72100
324,210
269,640
162,640
756,490
Company
63400
Learning Costs
74,900
128,400
42,800
246,100
74200
AV & Publications
2,140
4,280
5,350
11,770
SUBTOTAL
515,205
500,225
287,295
1,302,725
Component E: Intellectual Capital and
International
71200
55,640
86,670
38,520
180,830
Human Resources
Consultants
71300
Local Consultants
37,450
51,360
29,960
118,770
71600
Travel
27,820
32,100
16,050
75,970
Contract Services -
72100
149,800
485,780
418,370
1,053,950
Company
PRF
GEF
Expendable
5
72400
37,450
21,400
21,400
80,250
Equipment
72800
IT software
21,400
26,750
16,050
64,200
73300
IT Licensing
10,700
10,700
10,700
32,100
63400
Learning Costs
160,500
133,750
107,000
401,250
74200
AV & Publications
16,050
16,050
16,050
48,150
SUBTOTAL
516,810
864,560
674,100
2,055,470
Component F: Investment and
International
71200
67,947
60,000
50,000
177,947
Financing
Consultants
71300
Local Consultants
11,770
26,165
25,680
63,615
71600
Travel
5,000
5,000
5,000
15,000
PRF
GEF
Contract Services -
6
72100
25,000
50,000
50,000
125,000
Company
63400
Learning Costs
0
10,000
25,000
35,000
74200
AV & Publications
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
SUBTOTAL
109,717
156,165
165,680
431,562
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
72
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
GEF OUTCOME/ATLAS ACTIVITY
Res. Party -
Fund ID
Donor
Atlas
Implementing
Name
Amount
Amount
Amount
See
Budgetary
Atlas Budget
Agent
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Total (USD)
Budget
Account
Description
(USD)
(USD)
(USD)
Note:
Code
Component G: Strategic Partnership
71200
International
66,050
66,050
66,050
198,150
Arrangements
Consultants
71300
Local Consultants
70,620
83,995
78,645
233,260
71600
Travel
18,025
33,025
20,350
71,400
72100
Contract Services -
PRF
GEF
8,025
57,780
13,375
79,180
7
Company
63400
Learning Costs
0
53,500
42,800
96,300
72800
IT Equipment &
10,700
2,675
2,675
16,050
Software
74200
AV & Publications
0
10,700
10,700
21,400
SUBTOTAL
173,420
307,725
234,595
715,740
Component H: Corporate Sector
71200
International
62,100
63,000
63,150
188,250
Responsibility
Consultants
71300
Local Consultants
15,408
23,483
15,408
54,299
71600
Travel
14,550
22,100
15,700
52,350
PRF
GEF
8
Contract Services -
72100
30,640
185,400
128,690
344,730
Company
63400
Learning Costs
6,050
71,300
77,350
74200
AV & Publications
11,050
11,400
22,450
SUBTOTAL
122,698
311,083
305,648
739,429
Project Management
71200
International
160,000
160,000
160,000
480,000
Consultants
71400
Contract Services -
42,800
42,800
42,800
128,400
Individual
71600
Travel
23,950
23,500
11,750
59,200
PRF
GEF
72500
Office Supplies
26,750
26,750
26,750
80,250
Equipment
9
73400
21,400
21,400
26,750
69,550
Maintenance
74100
Professional Services
20,000
40,000
42,858
102,858
75100
Facilities (Security)
3,000
3,500
3,500
10,000
SUBTOTAL
297,900
317,950
314,408
930,258
GEF-SUPPORTED PROJECT TOTAL
3,089,407
4,405,215
3,381,714 10,876,336
COUNTRY-SUPPORTED PROJECT TOTAL
299,998
299,999
300,003
900,000
GRAND TOTAL
3,389,405
4,705,214
3,681,717
11,776,336
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Summary of Funds*
Project
TOTALS
FUND SOURCE
Component A
Component B
Component C
Component D
Component E
Component F
Component G
Component H
Management
GEF
1,462,262
623,810
2,615,080
1,302,725
2,055,470
431,562
715,740
739,429
930,258
10,876,336
Governments*
2,108,000
3,022,000
13,361,200
6,825,000
1,858,200
320,000
100,000
27,594,400
Other Partners/
5,780,000
5,780,000
Collaborators**
TOTALS
3,570,262
3,645,810
15,976,280
8,127,725
9,693,670
751,562
815,740
739,429
930,258
44,250,736
In-Kind Support*
Cambodia
55,000
510,000
5,000
150,000
720,000
China
27,000
20,000
3,400,000
5,000,000
34,200
150,000
8,631,200
Indonesia
150,000
100,000
1,000,000
500,000
250,000
150,000
100,000
2,250,000
Philippines
575,000
152,000
1,241,200
50,000
50,000
20,000
2,088,200
RO Korea
285,000
2,750,000
5,200,000
1,260,000
1,234,000
10,729,000
Thailand
116,000
2,010,000
10,000
140,000
2,276,000
SUBTOTAL
26,694,400
In Cash for PRF
Secretariat Services*
China
375,000
375,000
Japan
125,000
125,000
RO Korea
400,000
400,000
TOTALS
2,108,000
3,022,000
13,361,200
6,825,000
1,858,200
320,000
100,000
0
0
27,594,400
* confirmed co-financing as of 31 March 2007
** including UNDP Small Grant Programme financing for associated activities in capacity development ($1million), as well as in-kind capacity development support from MERIT, City
University of Hong Kong ($5.78 million).
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Budget Notes
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
Component A/
International
134
71,690
1.
6-year framework of partnership programs
Budget Note 1
Consultants
developed and agreed to among Partners, and
submitted to Council);
2.
Voluntary Partnership Fund developed and
agreed to among donors and Partners, and
submitted to Council.
International
1,560
559,187
1.
Secretariat services provided to the EAS
Consultants (Gov't
Partnership Council, Executing Committee,
Co-financing)
Ministers Forum and EAS Congress;
2.
EAS Congress organized and conducted in 2009;
3.
SDS-SEA implementation program synthesized,
evaluated and reported to Council;
4.
Partnership programs/capacity development for
SDS-SEA implementation organized and
conducted.
Local Consultants
816
262,043
1.
Technical advice/support provided to local and
national governments in the preparation of
bottom-up national State of Coasts report;
2.
National reports rolled up into Regional State of
Coast report 2009, prepared, published and
submitted to the EAS Congress 2009/Ministerial
Forum.
Local Consultants
1,560
185,723
1.
Regional and sub-regional workshops, meetings ,
(Gov't Co-
seminars and conferences organized and
financing)
conducted in support SDS-SEA implementation;
2.
SDS-SEA monitoring program coordinated at the
subregional and national levels, monitoring report
prepared annually;
3.
Communication plan for SDS-SEA
implementation prepared and implemented.
Contract Services-
2340
155,090
1.
General accounting and financing (budgeting)
Individual (Gov't
services for the PRF Secretariat and Technical
Co-financing)
Services performed;
2.
Administrative services of the PRF Secretariat
and Technical Services managed, including but
not limited to recruitment, personnel
administration and documentation, secretarial
services, purchasing, supplies coordination,
transport, equipment maintenance and repair,
shipping, logistics support, documents
reproduction, housekeeping, and office security.
Contract Services-
363,800
1.
State of Coasts reporting system, complete with
Company
relevant process, stress reduction and
environmental and social status indicators,
developed and agreed to among countries and
stakeholders;
2.
Consultative process implemented among
countries, regional programs/projects regarding
long-term, self-sustaining regional arrangement
with its own legal identity;
3.
Regional conference/workshop organized;
4.
Action Plan drafted and submitted to Council;
5.
Action Plan initiated, including organization of a
diplomatic conference.
Learning Costs
480,965
1.
2 regional workshops on regional framework of
partnership programs;
2.
regional forum on the development and
implementation of the regional Partnership Fund;
3.
3 EAS Partnership Council Meetings and 7
Executive Committee Meetings;
4.
EAS Congress 2009;
5.
2 regional workshops on SOC;
6.
series of seminars/consultative workshops
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
regarding Plan of Action for PEMSEA
transformation;
7.
one regional workshop/conference on PEMSEA
transformation.
Travel 139,110
1.
travel
costs
for 17 regional workshops, seminars
and meetings.
Component B/
International
420
224,700
1.
Common framework methodology and indicators
Budget Note 2
Consultants
for assessing social and economic contributions
of coastal and marine sectors developed;
2. Regional
consensus
achieved on methodology
among countries;
3. Training/technical
support provided to countries
adopting/implementing methodology;
4.
Regional forum organized/conducted for
policymakers/legislators on outcomes.
Local Consultants
147
47,080
1.
Technical support/capacity development in the
implementation of the agreed framework
methodology in two countries.
Contract Services-
203,300
1.
Capacity development/technical advice for
Company
national SDS policy development and formulation
of 6-year country framework programs for SDS-
SEA implementation in 5 countries, including
policy reforms and programs for pollution
reduction.
Learning Costs
107,000
1.
one regional workshop on framework and
methodology for assessing social and economic
contributions of marine and coastal areas/sectors;
2.
one regional forum on outcome of country
assessments;
3.
5 national training workshops on the development
and implementation of 6-year country framework
program and national SDS policy.
Travel
36,915
1.
travel costs associated with two regional
workshops/forums
2.
travel costs for resource persons in; support 5
national training workshops.
AV & Publications
4,815
1.
publication/dissemination of two case studies on
national assessments of marine sector
contributions to GPAs;
2. publication/dissemination
of
methodologies/indicators for country assessments
Component C/
International
1061
567,635
1.
Leadership Forums organized in 5 countries
Budget Note 3
Consultants
regarding ICM scaling up programs
2.
Technical assistance/advice provided for ICM
policies/policy reforms, establishment of
interagency, multisectoral coordinating bodies,
and 6-year action plans and targets for ICM
scaling up programs in 5 countries;
3.
ICM learning networks organized in 3 countries;
4.
ICM training manual, and practical guides
prepared for regional and national training-of-
trainers;
5.
ICM Code and manual developed;
6.
ICM Code tested/demonstrated at 2 ICM sites;
7.
PSHEMS recognition demonstrated and extended
as PRF service.
Local Consultants
547
175,480
1.
ICM case studies prepared for use in
national/regional ICM training);
2. Local
training/capacity development and coaching
of local government personnel and managers
implemented in support of development and
implementation of ICM projects;
3.
Good practices in ICM policy and practices at the
local level documented for promotion and
replication;
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
4.
Monitoring and evaluation of ICM initiatives and
impacts completed, and results included in State
of Coasts report.
Contract Services-
818,550
1.
Regional and national training workshops for
Company
trainers and managers organized and conducted;
2.
ICM Code training/demonstration conducted at
two ICM sites;
3.
ICM certification/recognition scheme formulated in
consultation with countries, local governments
and interested regional organizations, and
submitted to Council for adoption;
4.
PSHEMS training/demonstration conducted in 3
ports;
5.
PSHEMS certification/recognition scheme
formulated in consultations with the countries,
regional port associations and the maritime
industry, and submitted to Council for adoption.
941,600
1.
3 regional leadership forums conducted on ICM
scaling up;
2.
5 national training workshops on ICM
policy/legislation;
3.
regional capacity development workshops on
SOC report;
4.
ICM learning networks established/operating in 3
countries;
5.
3 regional RTF trainers-training and 10 national
NTF training conducted;
6.
4 training workshops on ICM Code
implementation;
7.
2 training workshops on ICM certification/
recognition;
8.
one regional workshop on ICM Code application
and replication;
9.
training workshops on PSHEMS application.
Travel 91,485
1.
resource
persons travel to 16 regional training
workshops and forums;
2.
resource persons travel to 10 national training
workshops on ICM policy, and PSHEMS
applications
AV & publications
20,330
1.
publication and dissemination of ICM training
manual, ICM code and manual, PSHEMS code
and manual, ICM case studies, ICM good policies
and strategies.
Component D/
International
320
171,200
1.
Twinning arrangements/agreements identified and
Budget Note 4
Consultants
facilitated among south-south and north-south
practitioners in integrated river basin and coastal
area management in 4 regional pollution hotspots;
2.
Annual workshops organized to facilitate sharing
of information/knowledge among sites;
3.
Twinning arrangements evaluated to determine
benefits derived from skills and knowledge-
sharing program;
4.
Replication plan developed and promoted to other
sites/pollution hotspots in the region;
5.
Regional workshop organized at EAS Congress
2009.
Local Consultants
233
74,900
1.
Regional secretariat on twinning arrangements
established;
2.
Case studies on experiences and lessons learned
in twinning arrangements completed, evaluated at
the country level and presented to EAS Congress
2009;
3.
Monitoring and evaluation of river basins and
coastal area management initiatives and impacts
completed, and results included in State of Coasts
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
report.
Contract Services-
756,490
1.
Replication
opportunities for the implementation of
Company
innovative pollution reduction policies,
technologies and practices identified among the
three priority hotspots sites in the region, and
promoted among national and local governments,
international financial institutions and donors,
investors, and the private sector through national
and regional forums;
2.
Investment plans for pollution reduction in the
selected priority watersheds in the Bohai Sea,
Manila Bay and Jakarta Bay completed in support
of national and local government initiatives;
3.
Technical advice/support for the three countries in
the Gulf of Thailand for institutionalization and
sustainability of the adopted Framework Program;
4. Technical
advice/assistance provided to national
and local governments in preparing/adopting
policy reforms and innovative approaches to
enhance investments in pollution reduction at the
hotspot locations.
Learning Costs
246,100
1.
3 regional training workshops conducted in
support of PNLG;
2.
River basin and coastal area management
twinning workshops conducted at 4 pollution
hotspot locations;
3.
one regional workshop conducted to share
lessons among twinning sites.
Travel 42,265
1.
resource
persons
travel to 8 regional workshops
AV & publications
11,770
1.
methodology for development of river basin and
coastal area investment plans for pollution
reduction published and disseminated;
2.
case study on the implementation of the
methodology published and disseminated;
3.
case studies on 2 twinning arrangements
published and disseminated.
Component E/
International
338
180,830
1.
Scheme for establishing, evaluating and
Budget Note 5
Consultants
sustaining PEMSEA-accredited RTF and NTFs
developed and adopted, including code of
conduct;
2.
3 regional training organized for RTF covering
ICM policy and program scaling up, river basins
and coastal area management, and State of
Coasts reporting;
3.
NTFs for ICM program implementation initiated in
3 countries, with technical support/back-up by the
RTF;
4.
Effectiveness of RTF/NTFs evaluated/reported to
EAS Partnership Council 2008, along with
recommendations for strengthening and
sustainability;
5.
RTF/NTFs incorporated into the business plan of
the PRF, and presented to Council for adoption.
Local Consultants
370
118,770
1.
NTFs provide technical advice and assistance to
local governments for ICM program development
and implementation in 3 countries;
2.
10 national ICM training workshops organized and
conducted;
3.
IIMS database developed at ICM sites; training of
local data providers/users provided;
4.
IIMS networking established among ICM sites and
national coordinator, in support of national ICM
monitoring and evaluation and State of Coasts
reporting;
5.
Regional forum for NGO/community groups
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
organized and conducted, to share knowledge
and lessons learned from SGP implementation.
Contract Services-
1,053,950
1.
AOE work programs established/implemented at
Company
two internationally and regionally recognized
Areas of Excellence in support of SDS-SEA
implementation;
2.
Regional workshop organized and conducted
during the EAS Congress 2009 regarding the
application of management-related science to
SDS-SEA implementation;
3.
10 specialized skills training workshops organized
and conducted in environmental risk assessment,
coastal use zoning, natural resource damage
assessment, and IIMS development and
applications;
4.
Post graduate ICM curriculum developed and
implemented within universities in the region;
5.
Internships and senior fellowships programs
developed and implemented;
6.
PNLG strengthened as an advocacy group for
ICM program development and implementation
through series of workshops (3) and the
establishment of self-sustaining PNLG
Secretariat.
Learning Costs
401,250
1.
one regional workshop on operating modality and
accreditation of RTF/NTF members;
2.
3 regional trainers-training workshops on special
skills;
3.
10 special skills training workshops;
4.
two regional workshops on AOE program
development and implementation;
5.
one experts workshop on ICM curriculum
development;
6.
one regional workshop for NGOs/CBOs/POs
implementing SGP projects.
Travel 75,970
1.
resource
persons travel for 18 regional workshops
and special skills trainings
Expendable
80,250
1.
equipment for PEMSEA information portal and
equipment
knowledge center, in accordance with IW-LEARN
IT guide
IT software
64,200
1.
software for PEMSEA information portal and
knowledge center, in accordance with IW-LEARN
IT guide
IT licensing
32,100
1.
IT licensing (annual) for software/server access
for PEMSEA information portal and knowledge
center, in accordance with IW-LEARN IT guide
AV & publications
48,150
1.
publication and dissemination of specialized skills
training programs and manuals, case studies on
RTF/NTF program, and case studies on AOE
initiatives and good practices
developed/replicated.
Component F/
International
333
177,947
1.
Good policies and practices in PPP investment in
Budget Note 6
Consultants
pollution reduction facilities and services
packaged and promoted for adoption among ICM
sites and pollution hotspots;
2.
Advice and assistance provided to national and
local governments regarding policy reforms and
financing and incentive programs to enhance the
PPP procurement process among local
governments.
Local Consultants
223
71,690
1.
Opportunities and prerequisites for PPP
implementation among local government units
identified and evaluated;
2.
National and subnational workshops conducted to
promote and facilitate investments in pollution
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
79
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
reduction/waste management facilities and
services through PPP procedures.
Contract Services-
125,000
1.
One-stop PPP support service developed and
Company
operationalized, in collaboration with the Project
Preparation Revolving Fund (Component G) to
provide local government units with technical
assistance/support in developing bankable
projects in pollution reduction/waste
management);
2.
Interface established between financing facilities
(i.e., public sector institutions; donors; private
sector institutions) and proponents of pollution
reduction/waste management projects;
3.
Cost recovery mechanism developed and
promoted among project proponents, financing
facilities and the governing body of the Project
Preparation Revolving Fund, in order to sustain
the operation of the one-stop PPP support service
as a component of the PRF.
Learning Costs
35,000
1.
one regional workshop conducted on
corporate/business sector participation in
ICM/EBM programs at the national and local
government levels;
2.
one regional workshop conducted on innovative
policies and investment programs in support of
PPP procurement procedures;
3.
4 national workshops conducted on PPP
development and implementation at the local
government level.
Travel 15,000
1.
resource
persons
travel to 2 regional workshops;
2.
consultants travel to project sites in support of
investment project development
AV & publications
15,000
1.
publication and dissemination of case studies,
policies, practices and investment approaches in
support of PPP replication at ICM sites
Component G/
International
370
198,150
1.
procedure developed and agreed to and
Budget Note 7
Consultants
implemented to assess replicability and scalability
of projects proposed under the Partnership
Investment Fund;
2.
external review conducted on the progress,
outcomes and benefits derived from the Strategic
Partnership.
Local Consultants
727
233,260
1.
Sub-projects of the Strategic Partnership are
evaluated to determine if targets were achieved,
as proposed, and to assess replicability and
scalability in accordance with identified criteria;
2.
Communication plan/program organized for the
Strategic Partnership to promote replication of
good practices across the region;
3.
Results of subproject evaluations packaged and
disseminated to subnational, national and regional
(EAS Congress/EAS Partnership Council) forums;
4.
Good practices promoted among project
proponents in ICM sites and pollution hotspots
(Components C, D, and F) via the one-stop PPP
service of the PRF.
Contract Services-
79,180
1.
5 national and 2 regional workshops developed
Company
and conducted covering replication of good
practices demonstrated under the Investment
Fund;
2.
Mid-term stocktaking workshop organized and
conducted to evaluate progress and impact of the
Strategic Partnership and required improvements.
Learning Costs
96,300
1.
annual technical workshop and midterm
stocktaking meeting of Partners and stakeholders;
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
80
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
2.
regional workshop on innovative polices,
investment mechanism, practices and
technologies.
Travel 71,400
1.
consultants
and
resource persons travel to2
annual meetings, one midterm stocktaking
meeting, and one regional workshop at the
termination of the project.
IT equipment and
16,050
1.
SP website established and put into operation in
Software
accordance with IW-LEARN guide..
AV & publications
21,400
1.
5 technical reports/evaluations on innovative sub
projects of the Strategic Partnership published
and disseminated;
2.
Annual, midterm stocktaking and terminal
workshop reports published and disseminated.
Component H/
International
352
188,250
1.
Corporate responsibility program developed and
Budget Note 8
Consultants
promoted through regional and national forums;
2.
Agreements negotiated and signed between the
corporate and business sector and national/local
government units regarding sharing of skills,
resources and/or equipment to protect and restore
coastal and marine resources in ICM sites and
pollution hotspot locations;
3.
Agreement signed with corporate champion;
4.
Demonstration project developed and
implemented in partnership with local community
Local Consultants
169
54,299
1.
technical support to local governments to identify
and forge partnerships with local and national
companies;
2.
demonstration project implemented;
3.
case studies prepared, replication opportunities
identified.
Travel 52,350
1.
consultants
travel to regional and national forums;
2.
consultants travel to project sites to
facilitate/coach local teams in project
development and implementation
3.
consultants travel to project sites to evaluiate
outcomes/prepare good practices
Contract Services-
344,730
1.
methodology development adoption regarding
Company
corporate social responsibility assessment in
coastal communities;
2.
field test of methodology;
3.
develop recognition system methodology;
4.
regional workshop of CEOs, managers and
policymakers regarding recognition system;
5.
initiate PEMSEA recognition system for corporate
responsibility in coastal communities.
Learning Costs
77,350
1.
two regional forums/workshops for multinational
corporations, etc.;
2.
5 national workshops for national/local
companies/private sector;
3.
regional workshop on methodology for corporate
responsibility assessment.
AV & publications
22,450
1.
publication and dissemination of multimedia
materials promoting corporate social
responsibility, based on Bataan and Batangas
experiences;
2.
publication and diseemination of methodologies
and case study for assessing corporate sector
responsibility;
3.
publication and dissemination of recognition
system for corporate social responsibility in
coastal communities.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
81
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Logical framework
Contractual
Consultants
Contract
Targeted Outputs
Outcome/Budget
Services
Time
Price(USD)
Note
(person-
days)
Project
International
780
480,000
Project management and administration
Management/
Consultants
Budget Note 9
Contract Services -
2,340 128,400
Administrative/financial
support
Individual
Travel
59,200
Duty travel for Executive Director, support staff and
Executive Committee members to annual EAS
Partnership Council meetings, Executive Committee
meetings, IW biennial conference, and related
regional meetings/events
Office Supplies
80,250
Supplies for regional program office operations
Equipment
69,550
Maintaining repairing office equipment for regional
Maintenance
program operations
Professional
102,858
Financial/project
audits by external experts
Services
Facilities O&M
10,000
Office security, as required by UN
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
82
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
1
COMPONENT A: A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR
SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION
2
Output A.1: A country-owned regional mechanism for
SDS-SEA implementation.
3
A.1.1 Formulate and facilitate the adoption of a rolling 6-year
framework of partnership programs for implementation of
the SDS-SEA
4
A.1.2 Establish a voluntary regional Partnership Fund
5
A.1.3 Develop and implement a country-owned and
sustainable PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF)
6
A.1.4 Organize and put into practice the financing and
operating arrangements for a tri-annual regional EAS
Congress, including a Ministerial Forum
7
A.1.5 Develop and put into service, at the national and
regional levels, a regular reporting system for the State of
Coasts (SOC) report for the Seas of East Asia
8
Output A.2: A Plan of Action for transforming PEMSEA into
a long term, self-sustaining regional implementing
9
A.2.1 Identify and evaluate the benefits and constraints of
different operating and administrative arrangements and
make recommendations to be considered by countries and
their partners
10
A.2.2 Facilitate a review and approval process involving
participating countries, regional and international partners
for a Plan of Action to create PEMSEA as a long term,
self-sustained regional mechanism
11
A.2.3 Submit the Plan of Action to the EAS Partnership
Council for endorsement to Governments
12
A.2.4 Upon approval by Governments, initiate the
implementation of the Plan of Action, including among
others, preparation of working documents for the PEMSEA
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
83
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
13
COMPONENT B: NATIONAL POLICIES AND REFORMS FOR
SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
14
Output B.1: An agreed framework, methodology and
indicators for social and economic contributions of coastal
and marine areas/sectors developed and demonstrated in
two countries of the region
15
B.1.1 Organize a Regional Task Force to facilitate
consensus among national and international stakeholders
on a framework, methodology and appropriate indicators
16
B.1.2 Support the conduct of two national assessments
17
B.1.3 Organize a regional forum for senior managers and
policy-makers covering social and economic contributions of
coastal and marine areas/sectors and promoting policy
reforms for strengthening coastal and ocean governance
18
Output B.2: National policy, legislative and institutional
reforms, and interagency and multi-sectoral coordinating
mechanisms aimed at improved integrated management of
19
B.2.1 Promote and facilitate two (2) participating
countries to develop, adopt and implement, and
20
a. national SDS-SEA policy and national multi-sectoral
and interagency coordinating mechanisms for the
implementation of the SDS-SEA
21
b. 6-year framework plans for the implementation of the
SDS-SEA
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
84
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1
Qtr 2
Qtr 3
Qtr 4
Qtr 1
Qtr 2
Qtr 3
Qtr 4
Qtr 1
Qtr 2
Qtr 3
Qtr 4
22
COMPONENT C: SCALING UP ICM PROGRAMS
23
Output C.1: Institutional arrangements for national ICM
programs in place
24
C.1.1 Organize "Leadership Forums on ICM" in five (5) countries
25
C.1.2 Facilitate two (2) participating countries to
develop, adopt and implement, and three (3)
26
a) national strategies/policies/legislation for ICM programs
27
b) 6-year action plans for ICM implementation
28
C.1.3 Set in place a systematic process for monitoring,
evaluating and reporting the effectiveness of national and
local ICM programs
29
Output C.2: Capacity building strengthened for local
government ICM programs
30
C.2.1 Augment Bali (Indonesia), Batangas (Philippines),
Chonburi (Thailand), Danang (Vietnam), Sihanoukville
(Cambodia), Xiamen (PR China) and other ICM sites as
working models
31
C.2.2 Set up ICM learning networks and ICM training
programs in three (3) countries
32
C.2.3 Develop/update PEMSEA ICM training manuals,
practical guides and case studies, translate them into local
languages, and organize/facilitate the conduct of training at
the regional, national and sub-national levels
33
Output C.3: An ICM Code adopted by national and local
governments for voluntary use as a standard for
certification/recognition of ICM sites
34
C.3.1 Develop and field test an ICM Code, audit guide and
training program
35
C.3.2 Develop and implement the ICM
Certification/Recognition system
36
Output C.4: A PSHEM Code adopted and implemented by
national governments and the private sector for voluntary
use by port authorities and those companies operating in a
port as a standard for certification/recognition
37
C.4.1 Solicit international recognition of the PSHEM Code
developed through IMO, ILO and other international
agencies, authorities and associations
38
C.4.2 Implement a PSHEMS training program at three (3)
selected ports
39
C.4.3 Develop and implement the PSHEMS
Certification/Recognition System
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
85
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
40
COMPONENT D: TWINNING ARRANGEMENTS FOR RIVER BASIN
AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT
41
Output D.1: Regional twinning arrangements developed and
implemented for river basin and coastal area management
42
D.1.1 Consult with potential candidate sites regarding their
interests to participating in the proposed twinning activities,
negotiate and sign MOAs/MOUs or similar agreements
43
D.1.2 Set up a regional Twinning Secretariat as part of the
PRF Secretariat
44
D.1.3 Formulate and initiate the implementation
of site specific river basin and coastal area
45
a) Bohai Sea Sustainable Development Strategy
(BS-SDS), focusing on a selected watershed area and
addressing water pollution reduction and related
financing and investment options
46
b) the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy, covering an
investment plan for sewage and sanitation facilities and
services in the Pasig River-Laguna de Bay
47
c) the Gulf of Thailand Joint Statement/Framework
Programme, covering the set up of a sub-regional
secretariat and implementation program
48
d) an ecosystem-based management strategy and
operational plan formulated and adopted for a selected
watershed and coastal area within Jakarta Bay
49
e) Case studies on the experience and lessons gained
from the development of a total pollution load
management (TPLM) plan for Masan-Chinhae Bay
50
D.1.4 Promote and expand twinning arrangements to other
priority watershed areas/sub-regional pollution hotspots
51
D.1.5 Organize two regional workshops involving the
twinning sites, twinning partners, and other interested
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
86
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
52
COMPONENT E: INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY AND HUMAN RESOUR
53
Output E.1: An enhanced technical support network for
countries, comprised of a Regional Task Force (RTF) and
country-based National Task Forces (NTF)
54
E.1.1 Set up a systematic mechanism for the mobilization of
the RTF and NTFs
55
E.1.2 Identify a core of individuals in participating countries
with ICM experience to serve as members of NTFs
56
E.1.3 Build and update the capacity of RTF and NTF
members in response to country needs
57
E.1.4 Facilitate the use of RTF and NTF members in national
and regional training workshops, and in facilitating the
implementation of SDS-SEA at the local, national and
sub-regional levels
58
Output E.2: Areas of Excellence (AOEs) Programme and a
regional network of universities/ scientific institutions
supporting SDS-SEA implementation at the national and
59
E.2.1 Negotiate partnership agreements with three (3)
internationally and regionally recognized Areas of Excellence
60
E.2.2 Build linkages with national universities and donors to
augment scientific support
61
E.2.3 Develop a reporting and information-sharing system to
disseminate the outputs of the AoE Programme and
networking of universities.
62
Output E.3: Professional upgrade program, graduate
scholarships and specialized training courses
63
E.3.1 Delineate eligibility criteria, procedures and conditions
regarding regional and international internships,
fellowships/senior fellowships, and specialized training
opportunities
64
E.3.2 Facilitate the development of a post-graduate ICM
curriculum with selected universities in the region
65
E.3.3 Organize specialized training courses at the national
and sub-regional levels
66
E.3.4 Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of professional
upgrading, graduate scholarships, and specialized training
courses programs
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
87
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
67
Output E.4: An internet-based information portal in
place, building awareness and transferring knowledge
68
E.4.1 Strengthen PEMSEA's portal (www.pemsea.org)
as an information node on the PEMSEA Regional
69
E.4.2 Develop and implement information
dissemination and knowledge sharing systems
70
a) the GEF website, IW:LEARN
71
b) the EAS Congress
72
c) the knowledge-sharing, training, investment and
IIMS networking components of the PRF
73
d) international and regional conferences, meetings
and workshops organized by partners/collaborators,
including the biennial GEF IW Conference
74
Output E.5: Community based projects, including those
addressing supplementary livelihood opportunities,
developed and implemented at ICM sites
75
E.5.1 Build partnerships/working arrangements with
donor-supported programs in each country
76
E.5.2 Assist with the preparation and submission of
projects proposals aimed at mobilizing community
groups in the implementation of coastal strategies and
77
E.5.3 Facilitate capacity building activities for community g
78
E.5.4 Organize national and regional forums for
NGO/community groups
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
88
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
79
Output E.6: A self-sustaining regional network of local
governments in place, operating and committed to
achieving tangible improvements in the sustainable use
and development of marine and coastal areas through
80
E.6.1 Assist the PNLG is organizing capacity enhancing
seminars and workshops as part of their annual
81
E.6.2 Provide technical support to Xiamen Municipal
Government in initiating the operation of the PNLG
82
E.6.3 Strengthen Xiamen Municipal Government
role/capacity in organizing "Oceans Week" on regular
83
COMPONENT F: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT
AND FINANCING IN ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS AND SERVICES
84
Output F.1: Innovative national investment and financing
policies and programs for public and private sector
investment in pollution reduction facilities
85
F.1.1 In conjunction with ICM scaling up initiatives
(Component C) and river basin and coastal area
management projects (Component D), package,
promote and facilitate the adoption and implementation
86
F.1.2 Formulate and demonstrate methodologies for
preparing integrated river basin-coastal area
management investment plans focused on pollution
reduction, for adoption and use by local governments,
87
F.2.3 Establish a one-stop PPP Support Service for local
governments and the private sector
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
89
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
88
COMPONENT G: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENT
89
Output G.1: Strategic Partnership coordination,
communication, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
90
G.1.1 Operationalize a Strategic Partnership Technical
Team (SPTT) to coordinate the development,
implementation, evaluation and promotion of the
collaborative activities and outputs of the Strategic
91
G.1.2 Organize and implement a
communication/coordination program for the Strategic
Partnership including a website, quarterly
reviews/newsletters, regional conferences/workshops,
etc. to review the progress and achievements of projects
92
G.1.3 Monitor the progress of the Strategic Partnership
through agreed indicators for the Partnership, as well as
project specific indicators for each sub-project
undertaken under the framework of the Strategic
93
G.1.4 Evaluate, package and promote good practices of
the Strategic Partnership, and sub-projects within the
Partnership, disseminate good practices of the Strategic
Partnership and sub projects via the EAS Congress, IW
94
G.1.5 Develop linkages and strategic partnership
arrangements with regional and international
organizations and institutions, and donors, as well as
the South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
90
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
PROJECT WORK PLAN: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SDS-SEA cont'd
ID
Task Name
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
95
COMPONENT H: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
96
Output H.1: Public-private partnership arrangements for
ICM program development and implementation
97
H.1.1 Develop multi-media materials and conduct
seminars/forums for CEOs and senior managers of
corporations (public and private), private industry and
98
H.1.2 Facilitate the development and implementation of
partnership arrangements between
corporations/industry and local governments and
99
H.1.3 Link up with a "corporate champion for
sustainable development" to develop and implement a
demonstration project on corporate social responsibility
100
Output H.2: Corporate responsibility practices evaluated
and recognized as a special relevance to achieving
101
H.2.1 Modify and adopt monitoring and evaluation
procedures (e.g., ISO 26000), as appropriate, to assess
corporate policy, commitment and actions in aid of
102
H.2.2 Field-test the monitoring and evaluation
procedures in collaboration with existing corporate
partners who are working with local government units
103
H.2.3 Implement a corporate responsibility recognition
system to promote and encourage private sector
participation, resource commitments and investment for
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
91
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 1: PEMSEA'S 10-YEAR TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM
In October 2004, the 10th intergovernmental Programme Steering Committee (PSC) of the
Regional Programme adopted a detailed Programme of Activities for the implementation of the
SDS-SEA. Chief among the proposed activities was the development of a regional partnership
arrangement. The `regional partnership arrangement', as crafted by the countries, was based
on four principles:
1. PEMSEA is the de facto implementing mechanism for the SDS-SEA;
2. the commitment by governments to establish a regional arrangement to implement the
SDS-SEA is an essential step towards country-driven implementation;
3. the regional arrangement needs to build on the partnership foundation of PEMSEA,
which is based on intergovernmental and intersectoral cooperation and collaboration in
managing marine and coastal resources; and
4. a regional convention or other binding regional mechanism would be a difficult step for
the countries to take in the short term, and should be left to future discussions.
The Haikou Partnership Agreement and Partnership Operating Arrangements were
subsequently signed by countries and non-government partners in December 2006, thus
establishing a new regional partnership arrangement for the implementation of the SDS-SEA.
PEMSEA has a record of solid achievement over the years. It has laid the technical, institutional
and political foundations for greatly strengthened local, national and regional management. The
momentum that has been generated by PEMSEA is instrumental in motivating national, regional
and international efforts in promoting the concept and the practice of sustainable development
for the seas and oceans. This momentum is critical in accelerating the commitment and the
management actions of the governments and partners to implement the SDS-SEA. This is a
pivotal moment in the evolution of PEMSEA's work, a moment at which additional resources
and motivated partners can begin to reap the rewards of the investments that have been made
by GEF and others. The East Asian region is too critical in the world economy, and its coasts
and seas far too vital to the global environment, for it not to be able to access an appropriate
share of GEF funding support at this time.
Time is required for effective partnerships for the environment to be established and take root,
and more time is needed to consolidate the gains made towards the goals of SDS-SEA on a
self-sustaining path. The proposed full project will be implemented over a 10-year period, as
approved by GEF at Pipeline Entry. The first 3 years (2007-2010) will be the transitional period,
in which countries, their partners and other stakeholders will develop, agree on, and commence
the implementation of a 10-year framework of partnership programs under the SDS-SEA. The
focus of activities will be: to initiate national level legal, policy and institutional strengthening for
improved coastal and ocean governance; to facilitate the development and initiation of national
ICM scaling up programs; to mobilize scientific, technical, legal, financial and community
resources across the region in support of SDS-SEA implementation; and to strengthen coastal
management capacities and technical and scientific skills in lesser developed countries of the
region.
The first State of Coasts (SOC) report for the region will be prepared, tracking progress towards
the 2015 targets of the respective national and regional 10-year program frameworks. A global
outreach program will be established/implemented with the GEF-IW programme to facilitate the
transfer of knowledge, good practices, skills and experience among GEF projects/regions.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
92
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
A Plan of Action will also be developed and implemented by the EAS Partnership Council for the
establishment of a long-term, self-sustaining regional mechanism for the implementation of the
SDS-SEA. The long-term regional mechanism will be designed to move PEMSEA outside of
the UN framework, and establish its own legal identify. The Plan of Action will be formulated and
implemented in collaboration with Participating Countries and their partners.
The second 3 years will be the transformation period (2010-2013), in which national level
policies, legislation and programs in coastal and ocean governance/ICM will be fully
implemented/evaluated and refined in the more developed participating countries, while other
countries with less capacity will continue to build capabilities/skills and experience in coastal
and ocean governance, with the financial support of GEF. ICM learning networks, PEMSEA
Programmes for Areas of Excellence, National Task Forces, the Regional Task Force and
Strategic Partnership arrangements among international agencies and donors will be evaluated
upgraded as required, and integrated into the 10-year partnership framework of programs for
implementation of the SDS-SEA. The EAS Congress and the Ministers Forum will be confirmed
as regular, sustainable components of the regional mechanism, serving as instruments for
evaluating the progress and effectiveness of the partnership programme, and for reconfirming
country and other stakeholder commitments. The State of Coasts reporting system will be
integrated into the majority of national reporting systems, and the regional SOC report will serve
as the primary source of information/knowledge on sustainable development of marine and
coastal resources in East Asia, with linkages to a global sustainable development reporting
system. The effectiveness and impact of the regional partnership arrangement will be evaluated,
with the objective of formulating and agreeing on a long-term regional mechanism to replace or
strengthen the partnership approach.
The long-term regional mechanism for SDS-SEA will be reviewed by the EAS Partnership
Council, and endorsed for adoption by the participating countries and their partners.
The final 4 years will be the sustainable operation period (2013-2017). The GEF will exit as a
major regional sponsor of the project, and countries and their partners will take full responsibility
for SDS-SEA implementation, and the sustainability of the long-term, regional mechanism.
Capacity building and institutional strengthening in coastal and ocean governance for lesser
developed countries of the region will continue to be a priority concern of the EAS Partnership
Council/new regional operating arrangement. The Ministers Forum will review the achievements
of the countries and their partners regarding implementation of the SDS-SEA, and the impact of
such achievements on the people of the region, and will consider the endorsement of the
second-cycle SDS-SEA as a guiding framework for the next 10-years.
The following table contains a matrix of project components versus country participation for the
10-year period 2007 to 2017. The table has been prepared in collaboration with participating
countries during PDF-B deliberations and consultations on national priorities and areas of
interest with respect to the GEF project.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
COUNTRY PARTICIPATION IN THE GEF/UNDP/PEMSEA PROGRAMME ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SDS-SEA (2007-2017)
Project Components (2007-2017)
s
d
a
1
2007-2010
a
s
i
a
R
s
t
e
i
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a
l
l
D
i
ne
a
m
n
n
bodia
n
il
an
Le
t
n
une
pa
a
pore
oba
2
2010-2013
m
Kor
Chi
o P
il
ipp
g
gio
Br
Ja
i
n
Gl
3
2013-2017
Ca
I
ndone
La
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Tha
mor
Vie
P
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Immediate Objective 1: To catalyze the implementation of action programs of the SDS-SEA aimed at legal, policy and institutional reforms, and investments,
at the local, national and regional levels, with a particular focus on scaling up and sustaining integrated coastal management (ICM) practices to reduce
coastal and marine degradation.
Component A. A functional regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation
Outcome 1: An intergovernmental, multi-sectoral EAS Partnership Council, coordinating, evaluating and refining the implementation of the SDS-SEA, and advancing the
regional partnership arrangement to a higher level.
Output A.1: A country-owned regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation.
A.1.1 A rolling 6-year framework of partnership programmes for implementation of the
SDS-SEA, addressing priority issues, identifying measurable and reasonable objectives
and targets, confirming gaps and disparities in capacities to achieve identified goals.
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
A.1.2 A Regional Partnership Fund (RPF) with seed contributions from donors and
countries, operating in accordance with management and disbursement rules and
operational procedures, for the purpose of strengthening capacities across the region for
1
1
SDS-SEA implementation.
A.1.3 A country-supported, sustainable PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF) providing: a)
secretariat services to the EAS Partnership Council; and b) policy and technical support
services to participating countries and other stakeholders, in collaboration with ongoing
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
projects and programs especially those supported by GEF and other partners.
A.1.4a EAS Congress 2009 successfully implemented, co-sponsored by governments
and collaborating organizations, including a Minister's Forum providing policy direction
on the implementation of the SDS-SEA from 2010 to 2012.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A.1.4b EAS Congress 2012 successfully implemented in accordance with the business
plan adopted by the EAS Partnership Council, thereby confirming the sustainability of
the triennial event, including a Minster's Forum providing policy direction on the regional
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
mechanism and the implementation of the SDS-SEA from 2013 to 2015.
A.1.4c An EAS Congress 2015 successfully implemented in accordance with the
business plan, including a Minster's Forum providing policy direction on the regional
mechanism and the implementation of the SDS-SEA from 2016 to 2019.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
94
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
DR
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bod
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2010-2013
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A.1.5a A reporting system for the State of Coasts (SOC) for the Seas of East Asia
developed, national SOC reports completed, and a regional SOC report submitted to the
EAS Congress 2009.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A.1.5b A reporting system for the State of Coasts (SOC) for the Seas of East Asia
refined and expanded with linkages to global reporting, national SOC reports completed,
and a regional SOC report submitted to the EAS Congress 2012.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A.1.5c A sustainbale reporting system for the State of Coasts (SOC) for the Seas of
East Asia confirmed, with inputs to a global reporting/evaluation system for sustainable
development, national SOC reporting systems in place, and a regional SOC report
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
submitted to the EAS Congress 2015.
Output A.2: A long-term regional mechanism for the implementation of the SDS-SEA
A.2.1a A fully functional intergovernmental, multi-sectoral EAS Partnership Council,
meeting every 18 months, assessing progress, taking corrective actions and continually
improving a 6-year regional partnership framework programme for SDS-SEA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
implementation.
A.2.1b A Plan of Action for transforming PEMSEA into a long-term regional mechanism
adopted by the EAS Partnership Council.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A.2.2 A long-term regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation identified and
endorsed by the EAS Partnership Council, and adopted by the countries.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A.2.3 A sustainable regional mechanism for the implementation of the SDS-SEA put into
practice.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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Component B: National policies and reforms for sustainable coastal and ocean governance
Outcome 2: National policies and programs on sustainable coastal and ocean development mainstreamed into social and economic development programs of participating
countries
Output B.1 An agreed framework, methodology and indicators for social and economic contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors developed and demonstrated in two
countries of the region.
B.1.1 A common framework, methodology, procedures and indicators developed,
adopted and applied for assessing social and economic contributions of coastal and
marine areas/sectors.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B.1.2 National assessments of the social and economc contributions of coastal and
marine areas/sectors completed
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
2
1
B.1.3 Regional Forum promoting policy reforms for strengthening coastal and ocean
governance
1
Output B.2: National policy, legislative and institutional reforms, and interagency and multi-sectoral coordinating mechanisms aimed at improved integrated management of
marine and coastal areas in place in 70% of participating countries by 2015.
B.2.1 National strategies, policies and action plans for sustainable coastal and ocean
development formulated and initiated/implemented in 70% of the participating countries
by 2015.
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
B.2.2 National interagency and multisectoral coordinating mechanisms established for
the implementation of SDS-SEA.
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
B.2.3 6-year rolling national framework plans developed, adopted and
initiated/implemented, including ICM scaling up programs, strategies, time-bound
management targets, priority actions and implementing arrangements.
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
96
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
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Component C: Scaling-up ICM Programs
Outcome 3: Integrated coastal management (ICM) scaled up as an on-the-ground framework for achieving sustainable development of coastal lands and waters in at least 20%
of the total coastline of the region by 2015.
Output C.1: Institutional arrangements for national ICM programs in place
C.1.1 "Leadership Forums on ICM" conducted in countries to mobilize national
policymakers, local leaders and coastal managers to support and initiate the
development of national ICM policy, legislation and programs.
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
C.1.2a National ICM strategies/policies/legislation for ICM progrgammes
formulated/adopted/initiated/implemented.
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
C.1.2b 6-year action programs for ICM implementation, with time-bound management
targets and implementing arrangements formulated/adopted/initiated/implemented.
2
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
C.1.3 Systematic process for monitoring, evaluating and reporting the effectiveness of
national and local ICM programs set up and operational
2
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
Output C.2: Capacity building and dedicated incentive packages established for local government ICM programs
C.2.1 Bali (Indonesia), Batangas (Philippines), Chonburi (Thailand), Danang (Vietnam),
Sihanoukville (Cambodia), Xiamen (PR China) and other ICM sites serving as working
models in support of their respective national ICM scaling up programs.
2
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
C.2.2 ICM learning networks and training programs established in participating countries
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
C.2.3 ICM training programs conducted in collaboration with national ICM scaling up
programs.
1
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
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Output C.3: An ICM Code adopted by national and local governments for voluntary use as a standard for certification/recognition of ICM sites
C.3.1 ICM Code, audit guide and training program developed, tested and promoted as a
standard for certification/recognition of ICM sites.
1
1
C.3.2 ICM Certification/Recognition system developed, adopted and implemented in
collaboration with national governments, the PNLG, donors, and other concerned
stakeholders, as a service of the PEMSEA Resource Facility.
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
Output C.4: A PSHEM Code adopted and implemented by national governments and the private sector for voluntary use by port authorities and those companies operating in
a port as a standard for certification/recognition of a Port Safety, Health and Environmental Management System (PSHEMS)
C.4.1 International recognition of the PSHEM Code promoted through IMO, ILO and
other international agencies, authorities and associations with concerns/focus on port
development and operations.
1
1
C.4.2 PSHEMS training programs conducted to build capacity within the region to
provide technical support/training in PSHEMS development.
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
C.4.3 PSHEMS Certification/Recognition System implemented, in col aboration with
national governments, private sector, donors, and other concerned stakeholders, as a
service of the PEMSEA Resource Facility.
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
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2010-2013
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Component D: Twinning arrangements for river basin and coastal area management
Outcome 4: South-south and north-south twinning arrangements established for eco-system based management of watersheds, estuaries and adjacent coastal seas,
promoting knowledge and experience sharing and collaboration for the implementation of management programs in environmental hotspots of the region
Output D.1: Regional twinning arrangements developed and implemented for site-specific river basin and coastal area management programs
D.1.1 MOAs/MOUs or similar agreements for twinning negotiated and signed among the
developing and developed sites covering specific activities such as capacity building and
training, staff exchanges, internships/on-the-job training, study tours/site visits,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
technology transfer, and technical cooperation and assistance.
D.1.2 Ecosystem-based Management Secretariat set up in Seoul, RO Korea, as part of
the PRF to coordinate and facilitate activities across the sites, including training
workshops and knowledge-sharing seminars.
1
1
D.1.3a River basin and coastal area management projects developed and initiated in
selected watersheds/coastal areas of sub-regional hotspots, including Bohai Sea, Manila
Bay, Gulf of Thailand and Jakarta Bay, with the support of twinning arrangements
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D.1.3b River basin and coastal area management programs formulated and initiated for
replicating good practices across watershed areas within the sub-regional hotspot
basins, including investment plans for pollution reduction and habitat
2
2
2
2
2
2
restoration/rehabilitation.
D.1.4 Twinning arrangements promoted and expanded to other priority watershed
areas/subregional pollution hotspots, such as the Mekong River, Red River, and Pearl
River.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D.1.5 Regional workshops organized involving the twinning sites, twinning partners, and
other interested stakeholders to review and evaluate the results of the twinning activities,
and the potential for replication in other areas.
1
1
1
1
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
99
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
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2010-2013
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China
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Bru
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C
Indonesia
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Immediate Objective 2: To verify, disseminate and promote the replication of lessons and best practices arising from the regional partnership arrangements
in collaboration with IW: Learn and other partners.
Component E: Intellectual capital and human resources
Outcome 5: Use of the region's intellectual capital and human resources strengthened, and addressing policy, economic, scientific, technical and social challenges and
constraints to integrated management and sustainable use of the marine and coastal environment and resources of the Seas of East Asia
Output E.1: An enhanced technical support network for countries, comprised of a Regional Task Force (RTF) and country-based National Task Forces (NTF)
E.1.1 A systematic process of expanding, strengthening and applying an RTF,
comprised of regional experts and specialists, is put in place for use in policy, legal,
technical and scientific aspects of scaling-up ICM and ecosystem-based management of
1
watersheds and coastal areas throughout the region.
E.1.2 Core of individuals serving as members of NTFs identified in participating
countries and foced primarily on the development and implementation of national ICM
scaling up programs.
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
E.1.3 Build the capacity of RTF and NTF members, by conducting training workshops,
training of trainers, on-the-job experience, and staff exchanges to provide practical
experience.
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
E.1.4 Facilitate the use of RTF and NTF members in national and regional training
workshops, and in facilitating the implementation of SDS-SEA at the local, national and
sub-regional levels.
2
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
Output E.2: Areas of Excellence (AOEs) Program and a regional network of universities/ scientific institutions supporting SDS-SEA implementation at the national and local
levels
E.2.1 Partnership agreements negotiated and signed with regionally and internationally
recognized Areas of Excellence; PEMSEA Programmes for Areas of Excel ence in place
1
1
1
E.2.2 Linkages with national universities and donors built to augment scientific support
to national ICM programs and ecosystem-based management of watersheds and
coastal areas.
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
E.2.3 Develop a reporting and information-sharing system to disseminate the outputs of
the AoE program and networking of universities.
1
1
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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2007-2010
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2010-2013
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Output E.3: Professional upgrade program, graduate scholarships and specialized training courses
E.3.1 Eligibility criteria, procedures and conditions regarding regional and international
internships, senior fellowships and specialized training opportunities within PEMSEA
formulated and disseminated through PEMSEA portal, as wel as among PEMSEA
1
1
Partners, AoEs, and collaborating institutions.
E.3.2 Linkages established with universities granting post-graduate degree programs in
coastal and ocean policy.
1
1
E.3.3 Post-graduate ICM curriculum developed with selected universities in the region.
1
1
E.3.4 Specialized training courses organized and conducted at the community, national
and sub-regional levels, as appropriate, in collaboration with partners (i.e.,
environmental risk assessment; coastal use zoning; oil spill contingency planning and
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
cost recovery; resource valuation and NRDA; PSHEM Code; ICM Code; and IIMS).
E.3.5 The effectiveness of professional upgrading, graduate scholarships, and
specialized training courses programs measured in accordance with agreed criteria,
conditions and impact indicators.
1
Output E.4: An internet-based capacity building, technical support system and information portal in place, building awareness and transferring knowledge and lessons
learned
E.4.1 PEMSEA's portal (www.pemsea.org) operating as a one-stop shop for awareness
building, knowledge transfer and learning regarding national ICM scaling up programs
and local, national and international partnership arrangements for SDS-SEA
1
1
implementation, in collaboration with GEF IW Learn.
E.4.2 Information dissemination and knowledge sharing systems using four principal
channels: a) the GEF website, IW:LEARN; b) the EAS Congress; c) the knowledge-
sharing, training, investment and networking components of the PRF; and d)
1
1
international and regional conferences, meetings and workshops organized by
partners/collaborators, including the biennial GEF IW Conference.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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Output E.5: Opportunities established for community groups at ICM sites throughout the region in partnership with GEF/ UNDP Small Grants Programme and/or other
community-based donor programs
E.5.1 Partnerships/working arrangements built with donor-supported programs in each
country, including the GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP) and/or other donor
programs, which cater to capacity building of community groups and marginalized
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
sectors of society.
E.5.2 Within the framework and capabilities of local ICM programs, the preparation and
submission of projects proposals facilitated, aimed at mobilizing community groups in
the implementation of coastal strategies and actions plans.
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
E.5.3 Capacity building activities and hands-on experience in community-based coastal
resource management initiatives facilitated for community groups in support of site-
specific coastal strategies and action plans.
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
E.5.4 National and regional forums organized for NGOs/community groups, as
appropriate, to transfer experiences and knowledge on community-based resource
management, the challenges, benefits and lessons learned.
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
Output E.6: A self-sustaining regional network of local governments in place, operating and committed to achieving tangible improvements in the sustainable use and
development of marine and coastal areas through ICM practices
E.6.1 Capacity enhancing seminars and workshops facilitated as part of PNLG annual
meetings, covering issues of key interest such as environmental investments,
sustainable financing, community participation, and ICM recognition/certification.
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
E.6.2 PNLG Secretariat establishment and start-up facilitated.
1
1
E.6.3 "Oceans Week" organized by Xiamen Municipal Government as a regular
international event involving local governments from around the globe, with the
assistance of the PRF Secretariat.
1
1
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
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Immediate Objective 3: To develop and coordinate strategic partnership arrangements between participating governments, international agencies,
organizations and financial institutions, regional programs and projects, donors, the private sector and other stakeholders to stimulate public and private
sector investments in sustainable coastal development and environmental infrastructure projects and services.
COMPONENT F: Public and private sector investment and financing in environmental infrastructure project and services
Outcome 6: Public and private sector cooperation achieving environmental sustainability through the mobilization of investments in pollution reduction facilities and services.
Output F.1: Innovative national investment and financing policies and programs for public and private sector investment in pollution reduction facilities
F.1.1 In conjunction with ICM scaling up initiatives (Component C) and river basin and
coastal area management projects (Component D), package, promote and facilitate the
adoption and implementation of policy reforms, innovative economic instruments,
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
alternative revenue generating schemes, and appropriate institutional arrangements.
F.1.2 Formulate and demonstrate methodologies for preparing integrated river basin-
coastal area management investment plans focused on pol ution reduction, for adoption
and use with respect to the replication and scaling up of innovative technologies and
3
1
1
3
1
2
3
1
practices (Component G).
F.1.3 Establish a one-stop PPP Support Service for local governments, the private
sector, financial institutions, and other interested stakeholders, in collaboration with
Strategic Partners.
1
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
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s
i
a
d
s
t
e
i
l
1
2007-2010
DR
rea
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ina
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lan
an
o
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nam
une
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oba
2
2010-2013
m
K
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il
ip
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Gl
3
2013-2017
Ca
In
La
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Th
mo
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P
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S
RO
Component G: Strategic Partnership Arrangements
Outcome 7: A Strategic Partnership for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia, functioning as a mechanism for GEF, the World Bank, the UNDP, and other
international and regional partners to incorporate and coordinate their strategic action plans, programs and projects under the framework of the SDS-SEA, thus promoting
greater sustainability and political commitment to the effort.
Output G.1: A functional Strategic Partnership arrangement facilitating enhanced communication, knowledge sharing, scaling up and replication of innovative technologies
and practices in pollution reduction across the LMEs of East Asia.
G.1.1 Operationalize a Strategic Partnership Technical Team (SPTT) to coordinate the
development, implementation, evaluation and promotion of the collaborative activities
and outputs of the Strategic Partnership.
1
1
G.1.2 Organize and implement a communication/coordination program for the Strategic
Partnership including a website, quarterly reviews/newsletters, regional
conferences/workshops, etc. to review the progress and achievements of projects and
1
1
sub-projects, and to promote the replication of good practices across the region and to
other regions.
G.1.3 Monitor the progress of the Strategic Partnership through agreed indicators for the
Partnership, as well as project specific indicators for each sub-project undertaken under
the framework of the Strategic Partnership.
1
1
G.1.4 Package and disseminate multi-media materials regarding the Strategic
Partnership and the related sub-projects to governments and stakeholders, the EAS
Partnership Council, the EAS Congress, the Ministerial Forum, and other relevant
1
1
regional and international forums.
G.1.5 Develop linkages and strategic partnership arrangements with regional and
international organizations and institutions, and donors, as wel as the South China Sea,
Yellow Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and the Arafura and Timor Seas.
1
1
G.1.5b A sustainable, expanded Strategic Partnership arrangement endorsed by the
EAS Partnership Council, as a component of the long-term regional mechanism for the
implementation of the SDS-SEA.
2
2
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Project Components (2007-2017)
ia
e
s
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l
s
i
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d
s
t
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i
l
1
2007-2010
DR
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2
2010-2013
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2013-2017
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Outcome 8: Multinational and national corporations integrating social responsibility into their organizational strategies, programs and practices, and
facilitating the replication and scaling up of capacities in sustainable development of marine and coastal resources among local governments and
communities of the region.
Output H.1: Partnership arrangements established and implemented between multinational and national corporations, industry, local governments and communities for
sustainable development of marine and coastal resources.
H.1.1 Develop multi-media materials and conduct seminars/forums for CEOs and senior
managers of corporations, etc. in order to strengthen awareness and understanding of
environmental sustainability, its linkages to economic and social development, and the
1
1
use of ICM as an effective tool for governance of coastal and marine resources.
H.1.2 Facilitate the development and implementation of partnership arrangements
between corporations/industry and local governments and communities, aligning private
sector organizational goals for social responsibility with resource commitments and
3
2
1
3
1
2
3
2
1
1
investments.
H.1.3 Link up with a "corporate champion for sustainable development" to develop and
implement a demonstration project on corporate social responsibility in strategic
issues/areas of concern to local governments.
1
1
Output H.2: Corporate responsibility practices evaluated and recognized as a special relevance to achieving social, environmental and economic benefits in coastal
communities
H.2.1 Modify and adopt monitoring and evaluation procedures (e.g., ISO 26000), to
assess corporate policy, commitment and actions in aid of sustainable development of
1
1
coastal communities and their natural resources based on PEMSEA's experience in ICM
Code and PSHEMS Code and recognition system.
H.2.2 Field-test the monitoring and evaluation procedures in collaboration with existing
corporate partners who are working with local government units and stakeholders at
ICM sites.
1
1
H.2.3 Implement a corporate responsibility recognition system, in collaboration with
national governments, private sector, donors, and other concerned stakeholders.
1
1
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 2: INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS
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106
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 2: INCREMENTAL COST ANALYSIS
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
Total Project
Baseline
43,473,529
Ongoing initiatives by governments and international agencies and
Cost
organizations to arrest degradation remain focused on specific sectors, often
lacking the "regional LME thinking". Country commitments to improved ocean
and coastal governance, including pollution reduction, are not insignificant,
being of the order of US $43 billion. Investments by Japan and RO Korea, two
countries not eligible for GEF support, represent more than 65% of these
baseline costs, whereas China's commitment is about 25%, with the balance
coming from ASEAN countries. The emerging foundation for regional
cooperation, catalyzed by PEMSEA to address coastal and ocean governance
across the region, is stifled with the lack of a regional implementing
mechanism. Disparity in the capacities of countries to respond to
transboundary environmental threats hampers cooperation among countries.
The value of products and services provided by the coastal and marine
resources of the Seas of East Asia continues to dissipate with unsustainable
use and unrestricted development, which brings about further pollution, habitat
loss, and fishery depletion.
GEF Alternative
43,517,779
The strategic partnership approach brings together all stakeholders to work as
GEF Increment
44,250
complements of each other and to act in a concerted effort to implement the
(GEF : Co-finance)
(10,876 : 33,374)
SDS-SEA. The EAS Partnership Council departs from the traditional
intergovernmental approach, and operationalizes the sharing of responsibility
and resources in meeting the SDS-SEA expectations. The integrated
management approach, adhered to as the guiding posts for SDS-SEA
implementation, reinforces the attainment of the WSSD POI on the coasts and
oceans, UN MDGs, Agenda 21 and Capacity 2015 programs. A core of skilled
managers and practitioners is established across the region, with the capability
of sustaining and scaling-up integrated management programs in watersheds
and coastal and marine areas.
Component A:
Baseline
391,183
Regional bodies and programs continue to function within their respective
A functional
scopes and mandates, relating to the different aspects of the environment,
regional
economic development or social issues. Sustainable development of coastal
mechanism for
and marine resources of the region continues to be addressed in a piecemeal
SDS-SEA
fashion. Valuable lessons and good practices in coastal and ocean
Implementation
governance, which are available from country-implemented projects, as well as
bilateral and multilateral projects, as well as from outside the region, are
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
largely unknown or inaccessible to countries.
GEF Alternative
394,753
Global: A regional mechanism, which brings together the 15 governments of
GEF Increment
3,570
the region as well as the major regional and international stakeholders in
(GEF : Co-finance)
(1,462 : 2,108)
coastal and ocean governance, implements the SDS-SEA through partnership
arrangements and contributes to a secure global ocean by: reducing common
priority threats to national and regional security brought about by competition
over limited resources; alleviating the pressures of poverty in the region
through conservation and improved management of coastal resources at the
community level; increasing the level of resources that will be committed by
governments to managing the region's marine and coastal areas, including
transboundary issues; and transferring the knowledge, experience, lessons
and skills developed and acquired during the program to countries within the
region, and to other regions of the world, via a triennial EAS Congress, and
linkages with the GEF IW network. A regional State of Coasts reporting system
contributes to the regular process of the Global Environment Monitoring and
Assessment called for by the WSSD POI.
Domestic: PEMSEA countries and partners, through participation in the EAS
Partnership Council, assess progress and continually improve a 6-year
regional partnership framework programme for SDS-SEA implementation. A
sustainable PEMSEA Resource Facility, with the financial support from
countries and their partners, provides secretariat and technical services for
SDS-SEA implementation. A regional partnership fund operates from voluntary
contributions, to reduce disparities in SDS-SEA implementation capacity
among countries.
Component B:
Baseline
498,076
After 12 years of PEMSEA and other GEF IW initiatives in the region, there is
National
an appreciation among EAS countries on the need for comprehensive and
policies and
responsive national coastal and marine policies to govern the management of
reforms for
resources and sectoral activities, in order to avoid conflicting uses of marine
sustainable
and coastal resources. More advanced countries have taken steps to develop
coastal and
and implement cross-sectoral national coastal and ocean policies. However, a
ocean
significant number of other countries have not started the process due to lack
governance
of awareness among policymakers and/or limited capacity to address the
issue. Laws and policy issuances remain largely sectoral and fall short of
addressing cross-sectoral and multiple-use conflicts. The sectoral orientation
relates to the institutional landscape that likewise fails to recognize the
interconnectedness of environmental, social and economic concerns.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
GEF Alternative
501,722
Global: The development, adoption and testing of methodologies and
GEF Increment
3,646
indicators for assessing social and economic contributions of coastal and
(GEF, Co-finance)
(624 : 3,022)
marine areas/sectors provides a means for generating awareness and
appreciation among policymakers, regionally and globally, for national policies
and reforms for sustainable coastal and ocean governance. New policies and
policy reforms mainstream the objectives and targets of international
conventions and agreements, such as UNCLOS, Agenda 21, and GPA, into
strategies and programs at the national and local levels.
Domestic: National interagency and multi-sectoral co-ordinating mechanisms
facilitate the development of 6-year country programs with time-bound targets
for restoration and rehabilitation of habitats and arresting coastal and marine
pollution from land and sea-based activities. Increased investments are
leveraged from national governments, industry and the private sector in
support of agreed targets and initiatives.
Component C:
Baseline
801,789
Coastal resource management initiatives continue to evolve as improvements
Scaling up ICM
in approaches and capacities are driven primarily by bilateral initiatives.
programs
Although some countries have developed and adopted ICM policy and
legislation, there is limited capacity to scale up and manage national ICM
programs. Several countries in the region recognize the need for interagency
coordination. The lack of national policy direction renders interagency
coordination limited to ad-hoc arrangements. ICM efforts face resistance from
line agencies for fear of losing resources and authority. There is seldom an
agency or a ministry with a clear mandate in interagency coordination with
respect to coastal and ocean governance. Progress in ICM program
implementation across the region is slow, resulting in the continuing
degradation and destruction of coastal and marine resources.
GEF Alternative
817,765
Global: Stakeholders in GEF IW projects benefit from the innovative policies,
GEF Increment
15,976
programs and capacity enhancement techniques applied in the EAS region, in
(GEF, Co-finance)
(2,615 : 13,361)
order to scale up ICM from a `prototype/demonstration phase', to a full-fledged,
national strategy and program for managing marine and coastal areas. The
formulation and implementation of an ICM Code, for voluntary use as an
international standard for certification/recognition of local governments
implementing ICM, provides the global community with a means of
demonstrating conformance with sustainable development policies, and/or to
seek certification of ICM programs as complying with International Standards
(e.g., ISO 14001 and/or ISO 9001). Similarly, the PSHEM Code provides the
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
global maritime and port industry with a means of demonstrating conformance
with sustainable development policies, and/or to seek certification of their
PSHEMS as complying with International Standards (e.g., ISO 14001, ISO
9001, and OSHAS 18001).
Domestic: National policy and institutional reforms, and capacity
enhancement/technical assistance programs, target improved local coastal
governance and the replication of local ICM efforts. National ICM
demonstration sites are influential/supportive in promoting and facilitating local
governments to develop ICM programs. National ICM Task Forces, trained in
ICM application, provide technical assistance and advice to local governments,
thereby facilitating and accelerating ICM coverage of country coastlines, and
reversing trends in environmental degradation.
Component D:
Baseline
2,203,511
Ecosystem-based management projects in Bohai Sea, Manila Bay, Gulf of
Twinning
Thailand and Jakarta Bay operate in isolation. They and their partners fail to
arrangements
either capitalize on others' wisdom or to replicate their successful activities.
for river basin
Without access to valuable information and good practices generated by
and coastal
others, these projects continue to re-invent the wheel and do not contribute to
area
global learning to strengthen transboundary waters management.
management
GEF Alternative
2,211,639
Global: Through South-South and North-South twinning arrangements,
GEF Increment
8,128
involving both developed and developing programs covering ecosystem-based
(GEF, Co-finance)
(1,303 : 6,825)
management of watersheds, estuaries and adjacent coastal areas, project
managers and implementers access, adapt and apply one another's'
experience and information to effectively leverage GEF and other investments
and realize long-term improvements in managing their shared water and
marine resources. In addition, the capacity to tap knowledge and information
resources assists in sustaining project activities and benefits beyond GEF's
intervention. The GEF IW portfolio makes substantial contributions to
ecosystem-based management learning regionally, thereby enhancing
replication and benefits of GEF IW interventions.
Domestic: Responsible national agencies, local government units, private
sector and civil society members in Bohai Sea, Manila Bay, Gulf of Thailand
and Jakarta Bay adopt and apply successfully-tested approaches to solving
problems, while meeting the challenges of ecosystem-based management in
selected watersheds and coastal areas, and implementing their respective
coastal strategies/ framework programs and formulating investment plans. All
entities also establish contacts/networks to which they can go for further
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
technical advice and assistance regarding such matters. Good practices in
ecosystem-based management are evaluated, transferred and replicated.
Component E:
Baseline
993,808
Governments, donors, and UN and other international organizations implement
Intellectual
numerous country and sub-regional capacity enhancement projects covering
capital and
areas/issues such as environmental research, development of strategic plans,
human
transferring skills, and building awareness and understanding. While
resources
contributing to the overall regional capacity, such projects remain short-term,
sector specific and relatively isolated from mainstream management programs.
Capacity disparity remains a challenge of governments in SDS-SEA
implementation, including ineffective transfer and sharing of knowledge that
strengthens management programs. Project managers and stakeholders at
different levels must discover and actively seek out intellectual capital within
their own country, or within the region, to learn lessons and access technical
support and assistance. This results in further reliance on donors and
international agencies and organizations to `provide' the required expertise.
GEF Alternative
1,003,502
Global: Innovative approaches to mobilization of available intellectual capital
GEF Increment
9,694
for implementation of the regional strategy, through a combination of efforts
(GEF, Co-finance)
(2,055 : 7,638)
including PEMSEA Programs for Areas of Excellence, National ICM Task
Forces and training programs, country-based learning centers, special skills
training programs, post-graduate curriculum in ICM, internships and
fellowships, provide the GEF IW program with a package of tested and proven
knowledge-sharing products with global application. Linkages between the
PEMSEA knowledge center portal and the GEF IW Learn, active participation
in the biennial GEF IW Conference, and the organization of a triennial EAS
Congress ensure that GEF IW stakeholders learn extensively from one
another, and how to improve self-reliance, sustainability and public
involvement in coastal and ocean governance matters, including related
transboundary issues.
Domestic: Decision-making processes within countries benefit from scientific
information/advice from universities and other scientific institutions related to,
among others, how the marine ecosystems function and how these respond to
certain human activities and interventions. A core group of skilled ICM
managers and practitioners provides advice and technical assistance to
national and local governments in the development and implementation of
national ICM programs. Community groups, including women and youth
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
organizations, participate in local conservation and protection initiatives,
providing increased ownership and stewardship for the marine and coastal
resources of the region. The PEMSEA Network of Local Governments for
Sustainable Coastal Development (PNLG) promotes and facilitates ICM
replication initiatives among its membership, and advocates ICM program
development, implementation and capacity building at the national and
international levels.
Component F:
Baseline 33,759,080
PEMSEA
experiences in the Philippines (Batangas Bay and Bataan)
Investment and
demonstrated that the corporate sector is a willing and able partner in the
Financing
development and implementation of ICM programs. However, this experience
does not reflect the prevailing situation in most countries, where difficulties
persist in accessing partners and support to develop and implement
sustainable marine and coastal resource management programs at the local
government level. Related constraints include: the mistrust between the two
sectors; misperception of `partnership' as primarily/solely a financial
arrangement between the two sectors; policy, legal and technical barriers to
mobilizing necessary financial resources for investment projects at the national
and local government levels; limitations in local government access to national
financing programs and international investors and private companies;
inadequate/inappropriate financing; limited revenue generating opportunities;
limited capacity to develop and promote investment opportunities to the private
sector.
GEF Alternative
33,759,832
Global: ICM programs provide a means for the corporate and private sectors to
GEF Increment
752
effectively work with hand-in-hand with local governments and other
(GEF, Co-finance)
(432 : 320)
stakeholders to achieve a common objective of sustainable social,
environmental and economic development. Through promotion and replication
of the approaches used in the Philippines, the concept of corporate social
responsibility is transformed into an on-the-ground practice for the GEF IW
program. Likewise, based on the experience and good practices derived from
the GEF/UNDP MSP on Public-Private Partnerships and the WB/GEF
Partnership Investment Fund, policy reforms, innovative financing programs
and sustainable financing mechanisms are promoted and replicated as
essential tools for scaling up management interventions in IW programs
regionally and globally.
Domestic: Enabling policies for public private partnerships leverage
collaborative activities and participation by the corporate sector in ICM
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
program development and implementation among local governments in
different countries of the region, as appropriate. Investments in the
environment sector increase as a consequence of policy and program reforms
at the national and local government levels. A number of pollution reduction
facilities are put in place, and investment plans for a number of pipeline
projects are developed.
Component G:
Baseline
4,828,100
UNDP, World Bank, UNEP and other international stakeholders in the region
Strategic
occasionally interact with the countries and each other on marine and coastal
partnership
governance matters, but there is little focus, strategic outreach, or systematic
arrangements
effort to benefit the efforts of stakeholders across the full scope and objectives
of the SDS-SEA. The SDS-SEA implementation program is only partially
supported by existing GEF IW funds and individual governments, and there is
a disjoint in the priorities and programs of international stakeholders and
donors with the overall priorities and strategies of the countries and their
commitments to SDS-SEA. The benefits derived from bilateral projects are not
seen as collectively contributing to transboundary waters-related issues and
sustainable development targets of the region.
GEF
Alternative
4,828,916
Global: A functional and effectively coordinated Strategic Partnership
GEF
Increment
816
effectively utilizes GEF resources to leverage financial support and investment
(GEF, Co-finance)
(716 : 100)
from other sources, including governments, donors, international
organizations, private sector and NGOs, to facilitate/accelerate investments in
pollution reduction facilities and services, as part of the regional
implementation of the SDS-SEA. The good practices derived from the
Strategic Partnership, and the individual projects undertaken within the
Partnership, help to mainstream improved pollution reduction programs at the
country level, as well as the portfolios of development banks and international
agencies and organizations working in the region. The Partners themselves
adopt, own, institutionalize, scale-up and replicate successful products and
services of the Partnership within the region, as well as in other regions.
Domestic: National and sub-national environmental managers and
stakeholders are able to access the services of the Partnership and obtain the
benefits, as extended and replicated by the Partners beyond the limited scope
and duration of this GEF project.
Component H:
Baseline
0
The development of corporate responsibility charters, principles and other
Corporate
instruments by UN and multi-industry bodies (e.g., UN Global Compact; Global
Social
Reporting Initiative; OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; EU Eco-
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Component
Cost Type
Cost (US$1,000)
Scenario/Benefits
Responsibility
Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS); ISO 9000 and 14000 series of
management standards, as well as the forthcoming ISO 26000 standard) and
endorsement of these by a large number of companies and firms across the
region provides ample evidence that the private sector is engaged in, and is
attempting to respond to pressures for, accountable and transparent corporate
responsibility practices, both at the international and domestic levels. While
these guides and standards provide practical frameworks for quality
management and environmental results, they do not specifically pertain to
corporate responsibility for sustainable development, nor are they focused on
the specific management issues in coastal and marine areas. This component
of the project will build on the foundation of existing and planned guides and
standards to come up with a systematic process to evaluate, recognize and
replicate the contributions and impacts of corporations exercising exemplary
social responsibility in their operations within coastal communities.
GEF
Alternative
739
Global: The experiences of the PEMSEA are disseminated to GEF IW
GEF
Increment
739
programs in other regions, providing insight into the application of a new model
(GEF,
Co-finance)
739
for engaging corporate sector and the business community in sustainable
development partnerships with coastal communities.
Domestic: 50 companies join forces with local government units to implement
ICM and environmental management projects supporting the implementation
of sustainable ICM and environmental management projects, which cut across
priority issues, including pollution reduction, habitat restoration, water use/
conservation, etc.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 3: PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
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ANNEX 3: PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Implementation of the SDS-SEA
2007-2010
Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
Development Objective:
Risk is minimized due to the following critical
assumptions:
Implementation of the Sustainable
(P) EAS Partnership Council
quarterly
progress
Development Strategy for the
meeting at regular intervals,
reports
Countries signed the Putrajaya Declaration
Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA)
guiding and coordinating the
annual
reports
indicating their willingness to cooperate to
through mobilization of the
Regional Framework of
Tripartite
Review
achieve the objectives of the SDS-SEA at
necessary partnership
Partnership Programmes for
assessments
the national and regional levels;
arrangements, operating
SDS-SEA implementation;
Mid-term
and
The current GEF-supported project
mechanisms, intellectual capital,
(P) Countries committing
terminal project
established working mechanisms,
support services and resources for
high-level officers to
evaluations
partnership arrangements, trust and
the achievement of their shared
participate in the EAS
confidence among countries and
vision of sustainable use of
Partnership Council;
stakeholders to develop and implement the
coastal and marine resources of
(P) Plan of action adopted by
SDS-SEA.
the region and the development
the EAS Partnership Council,
targets of the WSSD Plan of
transforming the regional
Implementation.
partnership mechanism into
a long term, sustainable
mechanism for SDS-SEA
implementation
Immediate Objective 1:
Implementation of action
(P) Related national policies
Same as above
Some countries are already developing
programs of the SDS-SEA aimed
and institutional mechanisms
Regional State of
policies/policy reforms aimed at improving
at legal, policy and institutional
adopted in place and
Coasts report 2009
coastal and ocean governance;
reforms, and investments, at the
operational in two countries,
National governments will build upon the 8
local, national and regional levels,
initiated in three countries;
national demonstration sites established in
with a particular focus on scaling
(SR) At least 5% of the total
the previous GEF-supported projects;
up and sustaining integrated
coastline of the region
Coastal strategies and action plans have
coastal management (ICM)
initiating or implementing
been formulated and adopted, focused on
practices to reduce coastal and
ICM programs;
sustainable development, with pollution
10 Process Indicator (P); Stress Reduction Indicator (SR); Environmental and Social Status Indicator (ESSI)
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
marine degradation.
(SR) 3 pollution hotspots
reduction a priority.
with adopted investment
plans for pollution reduction
facilities and services.
Immediate Objective 2:
Verification, dissemination and
(P) Agreements signed with
Same as above
A core of intellectual capital, management
promotion of the replication of
at least 2 Areas of
skills, good practices and innovative
lessons and best practices arising
Excellence for developing
technologies is already available within the
from the regional partnership
and transferring innovative
region;
arrangements in collaboration with
technologies and
The disparity in capacity within and among
IW: Learn and other partners.
approaches in support
countries can be minimized with the
national and local
establishment of national training
government with SDS-SEA
programs, skilled trainers, knowledge
implementation
sharing networks, and a policy
(P) 5 country-based National
environment for ICM implementation;
Task Forces assisting
A number of local governments in the
national and local
region are deriving benefits from ICM
governments with the
programs, and serve as working models
implementation/scaling up of
for others.
ICM programs
(P) e-learning and
knowledge sharing portal
transferring lessons and
good practices in
collaboration with IW-LEARN
(P) PEMSEA network of
local governments
advocating good practices in
ICM
Immediate Objective 3:
A Strategic Partnership between
(P) Partnerships between
Same as above
The private sector represents a virtually
participating countries, UNDP, the
public and private sectors at
Economic
untapped resource with respect to pollution
World Bank and other
ICM sites
development plans
reduction investment in the region
stakeholders to stimulate and co-
(P) Policy reforms resulting
of countries
National governments are interested in
finance site-specific private and/or
in increased investments in
World Bank Country
engaging the private sector in
public-private land-based pollution
pollution reduction at ICM
Assistance Strategy
environmental infrastructure projects
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Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
reduction investments under the
sites by public and private
World Bank is committed to the removal of
GEF/World Bank Pollution
sectors
barriers and constraints to environmental
Reduction Investment Fund for the
(SR) Project Preparation
investments in the region.
LMEs of East Asia.
Revolving Fund operating
under an Agreement
between GEF, World Bank,
UNDP, and the PRF, and
facilitating local government
and private sector
investment in pollution
reduction facilities and
services
COMPONENT A: A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION
Outcome 1: An intergovernmental multi-sectoral EAS Partnership Council, coordinating, evaluating and refining the implementation of the
SDS-SEA, and advancing the regional partnership arrangement to a higher level.
Output A.1: A country-owned regional mechanism for SDS-SEA implementation
A.1.1 6-year framework of
(P) 6-year framework of
Tripartite
Review
Assumptions:
partnership programs
partnership programs
proceedings
The consultation process leading to the
established
adopted by the EAS
Mid-term
and
development of the regional mechanism
Partnership Council
terminal project
has been extensive. Countries are already
evaluations
committed to integration of SDS-SEA
Proceedings of EAS
objectives and mechanisms into their
Partnership Council
national programs.
meetings
Risk: Low
A.1.2 Voluntary
regional
(P) Partnership Fund
Governing
Body
Assumptions:
Partnership
Fund
adopted by the EAS
rules and regulations
To ensure country and donor buy-in, the
developed and operational
Partnership Council
Annual report on
project will conduct consultations and
Partnership Fund
solicit participation in the needs analysis
Proceedings of EAS
for such a fund, and any feasibility study
Partnership Council
concerning the design of the fund.
Fund Manager
Countries, donor agencies, financial
identified;
institutions and NGOs will be involved in
Funds
deposited
the process.
with a financial
Risk: Medium
institution.
The objectives of the Partnership Fund
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may not be understood/appreciated by
some collaborators.
A.1.3 Sustainable
PRF
(P)
Cost-Sharing
Cost-Sharing
Assumptions:
Secretariat supported by
Agreements signed with
Agreements
Three countries that have pledged to
countries and other
countries and partners
support the PRF Secretariat Services for
partners
providing funding and in-kind
the first three years of operation will honor
support for the operation of
their commitments. Within that time, the
the regional mechanism
value-added benefits of the PRF will have
been established.
Risk: Low
A.1.4 Triennial EAS Congress
(P) EAS Partnership Council
EAS
Congress
Assumptions:
conducted on a continuing
decides to sustain the EAS
proceedings
EAS Congress in 2003 was considered
basis
Congress as a triennial
highly successful;
event.
EAS Congress 2006 has more than
doubled interest and support;
The EAS Congress is already recognized
by government and non-government
sectors as a forum for enhancing their
respective objectives.
Risk: Low
A.1.5 State of Coasts reporting
(P) EAS Partnership Council
National State of
Assumptions:
system in place
adopts the State of Coasts
Coasts reports
Several countries in the region have
reporting system;
Regional State of
experience in developing status reports on
(P) Cambodia, China,
Coast report
the environment. Thus, the expertise and
Philippines, Thailand,
EAS
Congress
information are available.
Vietnam, Japan, Singapore,
proceedings
The SOC reporting system is seen by
RO Korea, regional
countries and other stakeholders as adding
organizations and projects,
value to current initiatives covering national
and concerned international
and regional environmental monitoring and
agencies and donors
reporting, by providing a common
complete national and
framework and methodology for allowing
regional SOC reports
cross-comparison and integration.
(P) Regional State of Coasts
Risk: Medium
report submitted to EAS
The variety of ecological, cultural,
Congress/Ministerial Forum
economic, governing, and social
2009
dimensions of the region will make it
difficult to define an agreed set of core
indicators for regional monitoring and
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reporting. However, the Regional Task
Force will be asked to identify and group
issues into broad categories, and come up
with indicators for each category that will
"tell the story" about a particular category.
The idea will be to start with what is doable
and value-added, and strengthen the
monitoring and reporting system over time.
Output A.2: A Plan of Action for transforming PEMSEA into a long term, self-sustained regional implementing mechanism for the SDS-
SEA
A.2.1 Benefits and constraints of
(P) Series of seminars/
Seminar/consultation Assumptions:
different operating and
consultations involving
meeting reports
Countries recognize the need and benefits
administrative
Foreign Affairs, national focal
to working together to address sustainable
arrangements reviewed
agencies and other
development issues related to coasts and
and discussed among
stakeholder groups from
oceans;
countries, with
participating countries
The regional partnership mechanism under
recommendations to be
the UN framework is a first step; the
considered by countries
ultimate goal for PEMSEA is a legal
and their partners for
regional instrument.
transformation to a long
Risk: Medium
term, self-sustained
Some countries may still have doubts
regional implementing
about a legal instrument. However, the
mechanism for the SDS-
partnership mechanism is designed to
SEA.
build confidence and trust among the
partners regarding SDS-SEA
A.2.2 Plan of Action for a long
(P) Plan of Action
Plan of Action
implementation.
term, self-sustained
tabled/consensus achieved
regional mechanism
during regional consultation
developed
A.2.3 Plan of Action endorsed to
(P) Plan of Action adopted
EAS
Partnership
the EAS Partnership
and incorporated into the
Council proceedings
Council
2008
work program of EAS
Partnership Council
A.2.4 Plan of Action initiated,
(P) Drafting of working
EAS
Partnership
including preparation of
documents initiated
Council proceedings
working documents for the
TOR and schedule
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PEMSEA transformation.
of work approved
Draft
working
documents
COMPONENT B: NATIONAL POLICIES AND REFORMS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
Outcome 2: National policies and programs on sustainable coastal and ocean development mainstreamed into social and economic
development programs of participating countries
Output B.1: An agreed framework, methodology and indicators for social and economic contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors
developed and demonstrated in two countries of the region.
B.1.1 An agreed framework,
(P)
Common
framework,
Regional Task Force Assumptions:
methodology and
methodology and indicators
report
Methodologies and indicators can be
appropriate indicators for
adopted and applied by
Methodology/Guide
identified, verified and applied in the
assessing social and
Philippines and RO Korea
for Assessing Social
assessment of coastal and ocean
economic contributions of
and Economic
contribution to overall social and economic
coastal and marine
Contributions of
development, building on the progress
areas/sectors within the
Coastal and Marine
made in the existing efforts to develop the
East Asian region.
Areas/Sectors
methodology and in collaboration with
B.1.2 Two (2) national
(P) Philippines and RO
National
workshop
other partners;
assessments of the social
Korea reports
proceedings
Countries or relevant agencies are willing
and economic
prepared/published
Philippines and RO
to share information.
contributions of coastal
Korea country
Risk: Low
and marine areas/sectors
reports
in participating countries.
B.1.3 One (1) regional forum for
(P) Senior managers and
Proceedings of the
senior managers and
policymakers participate in
Regional Forum on
policy-makers covering
regional forum during the
Policy Reforms for
social and economic
EAS Congress 2009
Strengthening
contributions of coastal
Coastal and Ocean
and marine areas/sectors
Governance
and promoting policy
reforms for strengthening
coastal and ocean
governance.
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Output B.2: National policy, legislative and institutional reforms, and interagency and multi-sectoral coordinating mechanisms aimed at
improved integrated management of marine and coastal areas.
B.2.1 Two (2) participating
(P) RO Korea and Vietnam
Mid-term
Evaluation Assumptions:
countries develop, adopt
adopt and implement policy
report
Political will and commitments can be
and implement, and three
reforms for integrated
Terminal
Evaluation
mobilized to address the need for multi-
(3) countries initiate:
management of coastal and
report
sector and multidisciplinary management
a. national SDS-SEA
marine areas
6-year
framework
mechanisms for national coastal and policy
policy and national multi-
(P) China, Philippines and
plans of RO Korea
development and implementation;
sectoral and interagency
Thailand initiate policy
and Vietnam
By signing the Putrajaya Declaration and
coordinating mechanisms
reforms for integrated
national State of
Haikou Partnership Agreement,
for the implementation of
management of coastal and
Coasts reports of
governments have already indicated their
the SDS-SEA; and
marine areas
China, Philippines,
concern and willingness to strengthen
b. 6-year framework plans
(P) Interagency and multi-
RO Korea, Thailand,
coastal and ocean policies and programs,
for the implementation of
sectoral coordinating
and Vietnam
in accordance with the SDS-SEA
the SDS-SEA, including
mechanisms established and
regional State of
implementation.
ICM scaling-up programs,
operating in RO Korea and
Coasts report
Risk: Low
strategies, time-bound
Vietnam to coordinate the
management targets,
implementation of the SDS-
priority actions and
SEA
implementing
(P) 6-year framework plans
arrangements for the
adopted in RO Korea and
implementation of SDS-
Vietnam, with relevant
SEA, in consultation with
agencies allocating
stakeholders.
resources and assigning
managers and staff to
implement work programs
B.2.2 One (1) regional workshop
(P) Policymakers and senior
Proceedings of the
regarding integrated
managers participate in the
regional workshop
management of marine
regional workshop
and coastal areas.
COMPONENT C: SCALING UP ICM PROGRAMS
Outcome 3: Integrated coastal management (ICM) scaled up as an on-the-ground framework for achieving sustainable development of
coastal lands and waters in at least 5% of the total coastline of the region by 2010.
Output C.1: Institutional arrangements for national ICM programs in place
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C.1.1 "Leadership
Forums
on
(P) Senior managers and
Proceedings
of
Assumptions:
ICM" conducted in five (5)
policymakers participate in
Leadership Forums
Policymakers and managers are interested
countries.
national forums in
National Plans of
in strengthening coastal and ocean
Cambodia, China, Indonesia,
Action
governance
Philippines and Vietnam
Risk: Low
(P) Plan of action for policy
development/reform
C.1.2 Two (2) participating
(P) ICM policies/legislation
ICM
policies
and
Assumptions:
countries to develop,
and 6-year action plans for
strategies
National governments and stakeholders
adopt and implement, and
ICM implementation adopted
6-year action plans
are committed to develop and implement
three (3) participating
and implemented in China
for ICM
national ICM policies and programs.
countries to initiate:
and the Philippines, and
implementation
Countries are able to support and leverage
a) strategies/policies/
initiated in Cambodia,
Proceedings
of
funding to sustain the operation of national
legislation for ICM
Indonesia and Vietnam;
interagency
ICM programs.
programs; b) 6-year action
(P) Interagency, multi-
meetings
Local governments in the region have the
plans for ICM
sectoral coordinating
National
ICM
capacity to apply the ICM framework and
implementation, with time-
committees for ICM program
programs with
process, with some technical assistance,
bound management
established in China and the
targets and
capacity building and incentives.
targets and implementing
Philippines, providing
timetables
Risk: Low
arrangements as part of
planning, direction-setting,
the overall SDS-SEA
decision-making and
implementation plan.
evaluation for program
C.1.3 Systematic process for
(P) Systematic monitoring,
Country State of
Assumptions:
monitoring, evaluating and
evaluation and reporting
Coasts reports
A number of countries in the region already
reporting the effectiveness
system for ICM adopted and
Regional State of
have the capacity for national
of national and local ICM
implemented in Cambodia,
Coast report
environmental monitoring and reporting
programs implemented.
China, Indonesia, Philippines
systems.
and Vietnam
Risk: Medium
(P) Regional State of Coasts
Countries may not be willing to share
report submitted to EAS
information. However, only those countries
Congress/Ministerial Forum
willing to share information will be targeted.
2009
The idea is to start with a limited number of
(SR) 5% of the region's
willing participating countries (5 to 7).
coastline confirmed to be
initiating or implementing
ICM programs
(ESSI)
Increased
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stakeholder participation in
coastal governance at the
local and country levels
(ESSI) Implementation of
strategic action plans within
ICM framework in targeted
coastal areas result in:
reductions in nutrient
loadings ranging from 10-
50%; 5%-10% of habitats
identified as protected areas
and/or undergoing
restoration; improvements in
fishery management and
stabilization of some coastal
fish stocks and alternate
increase in biomass.
Output C.2: Capacity building strengthened for local government ICM programs
C.2.1 Existing ICM sites
(P)
Coastal
strategies
Good practices
Assumptions:
operating as working
adopted and implemented by
Case
studies
Existing PEMSEA ICM sites have a solid
models and supporting
local governments
Socio-economic
foundation of technical and management
their respective national
(Cambodia, China,
assessments
skills, and the political commitment to
ICM programs
Indonesia, Philippines,
Study tour/site visits
implement their coastal strategies.
Thailand, Vietnam)
The benefits being derived through ICM
(P) Good practices and case
programs are attractive to other local
studies documented for
governments in the country.
replication/use in national
Risk: Low
scaling up programs
C.2.2 ICM
learning
networks
(P)
Learning
networks
National ICM Scaling Assumptions:
and training programs set
incorporated into national
up Programs
National ICM demonstration sites serve as
up in 3 countries
ICM scaling up programs in
Training
program
good knowledge/training centers in support
Indonesia, Philippines and
reports and
of national ICM scaling up programs.
Vietnam
evaluations
PEMSEA's case studies, training
(P) National Task Forces for
Training
certificates
modules/materials and other information
ICM set up in China,
issued
will provide a sound basis for training
Indonesia, Philippines and
National ICM
programs.
Vietnam, and providing
monitoring and
Governments, donors and international
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technical assistance to local
evaluation reports
agencies and organizations are interested
government units
in leveraging local government interest and
C.2.3 ICM training manuals,
ICM training manual
Training
certificates
commitments to ICM
practical guides and case
developed and published
issued
When combined with the awareness
studies, developed in
(P) 10 trainers accredited for
Training
building, policy reforms and programs of
support of training-of-
ICM training
manuals/programs
national governments, the intensive
trainers and training of
(P) 200 newly trained ICM
published
training program is expected to drive
NTF members at the
practitioners engaged in ICM
national scaling up programs.
regional and national
programs
Risk: Medium
levels, and training of ICM
National governments may be reluctant or
managers and
unwilling to take the lead in the
implementers at the sub-
development of national ICM scaling up
national level.
programs. To reduce the risk, the GEF
project will initially focus on countries which
are willing to commit time and resources to
ICM scaling up.
C.2.4 ICM Good Practices
(P) EAS Partnership Council
Proceedings of the
Assumptions:
Award developed,
establishes ICM Awards
EAS Partnership
Governments, donors and international
recognizing local
Committee and Good
Council
agencies and organizations are interested
governments that have
Practices Award eligibility
Annual report of ICM
in leveraging local government interest and
displayed commitment
criteria and operating
Awards Committee
commitments to ICM.
and achievement in the
modality established
An award system provides local
implementation of ICM
(P) Awards presented to
governments with recognition and
programs.
local governments
incentive.
Risk: Medium
The award may not serve as sufficient
incentive for local governments to take up
ICM and achieve the 5% coverage target.
However, when combined with the
awareness building, policy reforms and
programs of national governments, the
award system is to further encourage
implementation and competition among
sites.
Output C.3: An ICM Code adopted by national and local governments for voluntary use as a standard for certification/recognition of ICM
sites
C.3.1 ICM Code, audit guide
(P) Peer Review Group,
ICM Code, Auditor's
Assumptions:
and training program
comprised of national and
Guide and Training
PEMSEA's experience in ICM development
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tested/verified international
specialists
in
Manual
and implementation in the East Asian
ICM, organized to guide and
EAS
Partnership
region over the past 12 years provides a
review Code development
Council proceedings
sound foundation for the development and
(P) PEMSEA ICM Code
implementation of an ICM Code;
developed and adopted by
Risk: Low
the EAS Partnership Council
ICM practitioners may disagree on the core
as a standard for voluntary
requirements, processes and
use by national and local
methodologies for developing and
governments in ICM
implementing ICM. However, PEMSEA's
program development and
ICM sites serve as working models of the
implementation.
effectiveness, sustainability and
replicability of local government programs
in integrated management of coastal and
marine areas.
C.3.2 ICM
Certification/
(P) ICM certification/
ICM
recognition
Assumptions;
Recognition system,
recognition system tested at
certificates
National and local governments want an
adopted and tested in
2 ICM sites
PRF business plan
ICM Certification/Recognition System that
collaboration with national
(P) ICM Certification/
provides international standards and
governments, the PNLG,
Recognition service
serves as an incentive for governments to
donors, and other
prepared by PRF
adopt and implement ICM.
concerned stakeholders,
Risk: Low
as a service of the
Governments may be unwilling to adopt
PEMSEA Resource
and implement the ICM Code. However,
Facility.
the ICM Code will be an international
standard for voluntary use by governments.
No government will be obliged to adopt it.
The Code and its supporting guides and
manuals will aid governments by providing
a systematic approach for implementing
and sustaining their coastal management
programs.
Output C.4: A PSHEM Code adopted and implemented by national governments and the private sector for voluntary use by port
authorities and those companies operating in a port as a standard for certification/recognition of a Port Safety, Health and Environmental
Management System (PSHEMS)
C.4.1 PSHEM Code recognized
(P) PSHEM Code adopted
Agreements
between Assumptions:
by international agencies,
for voluntary use as a
PEMSEA and
National governments and concerned
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authorities and
standard for measuring and
national agencies
international agencies and associations
associations with
evaluating the effectiveness
and international
recognize of an international standard for
concerns/focus on port
of PSHEMS in ports by
agencies/
integrated port management.
development and
concerned government
organizations
Risk: Low
operations.
agencies, international
An International Peer Review Group has
agencies and organizations
already provided input to the Code.
C.4.2 PSHEMS initiated in three
(P) Training on PSHE-MS
Agreements
between Assumptions:
(3) ports, building capacity
implementation cost-shared
PEMSEA and port
PEMSEA's experience in development and
within the region/ports on
with port authorities and
authorities
testing of the PSHEM Code, including the
PSHEMS application.
companies operating in
Training
reports
training materials and capacity building
ports
program for establishing a PSHEMS in a
port provide a sound foundation for the
development and implementation of the
project.
Risk: Low
C.4.3 PSHEMS
Certification/
(SR)
PSHEMS
Applications
from
Assumptions:
Recognition system set in
Certification/Recognition
Port Authorities/
Port authorities and companies operating
place, in collaboration with
issued to port authorities
operating companies
in ports want a PSHEMS Certification/
national governments,
and companies operating in
for PSHEMS
Recognition System that provides
private sector, donors,
ports
Certification/
international acknowledgment.
and other concerned
(SR) Reductions in the
Recognition
Risk: Low
stakeholders.
number of accidents/
Annual
surveillance
environmental incidents in
reports on Certificate
ports
holders
(SR) PRF providing PSHEM
Certification/Recognition
service
COMPONENT D: TWINNING ARRANGEMENTS FOR RIVER BASIN AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT
Outcome 4: South-south and north-south twinning arrangements established for integrated management of watersheds, estuaries and
adjacent coastal seas, promoting knowledge and experience sharing and collaboration for the implementation of management programs
in environmental hotspots of the region
Output D.1: Regional twinning arrangements developed and implemented for site-specific river basin and coastal area management
programs
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D.1.1 Capacity building and
(P) Twinning and
MOAs/MOUs
or
Assumptions:
training, staff exchanges,
partnership arrangements
similar agreements
Other regional and extra-regional projects
internships/on-the-job
negotiated and signed
between twinning
and programs are willing to serve as
training, study tours/site
between the interested
partners
twinning partners with the selected sites,
visits, technology transfer,
sites, institutions and/or
Annual
meetings/
as a contribution to the implementation of
and technical cooperation
programs for the application
workshop
the SDS-SEA and its objectives and
and assistance.
of ecosystem management
proceedings
targets.
approaches and for the
Risk: Low
strengthening of marine
protected areas
D.1.2 Regional
secretariat
set
(P) Regional secretariat for
Secretariat
office
Assumptions:
up to coordinate and
the Twinning Arrangements
staffed by national
Countries recognize the need for
facilitate activities across
in place in Seoul, RO Korea,
personnel
coordination and sharing of experiences
the sites, including the
and operational, supported
from Twinning Arrangements among
organization of an annual
by participating
countries within the region and elsewhere.
workshop.
governments
Risk: Low
D.1.3 Site specific river basins
(SR) a management
Operational
Plans
Assumptions:
and coastal seas
program in accordance with
and budget
Countries support proposed actions that
management programs
the Bohai Sea Sustainable
commitments for
complement existing operational programs
established in:
Development Strategy (BS-
identified ecosystem-
in Manila Bay, Bohai Sea and Gulf of
a. Bohai Sea;
SDS), focusing on a
based management
Thailand, and help address and overcome
b. Manila Bay;
selected watershed area
projects
existing technical/scientific, institutional,
c. Gulf of Thailand;
and addressing water
Investment
plans
social and financial barriers to programme
d. Jakarta Bay; and
pollution reduction and
submitted to Strategic
implementation.
e. Masan-Chinhae Bay.
related financing and
Partnership
Authorities in Indonesia recognize that the
investment options
Joint
Jakarta Bay project will benefit from the
(SR) the Manila Bay Coastal
exercises/training
previous PEMSEA experiences in Manila
Strategy, covering
program reports
Bay and Bohai Sea.
integrated watershed and
among the three
Risk: Medium
coastal area management,
countries in the Gulf
The institutional barriers to establishing
the implementation of the
of Thailand;
and implementing an ecosystem-based
Clean Water Act, and
Case
study/
management program on a basin-wide
focusing on an investment
methodology on the
basis may discourage governments and
plan for sewage and
implementation of
stakeholders from an integrated
sanitation facilities and
TPLM.
management approach. However, in the
services in the Pasig River-
Bohai Sea, Manila Bay and Gulf of
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Laguna de Bay watershed,
Thailand, there is already awareness and
in collaboration with the
support among concerned government
World Bank/GEF Manila
agencies, levels of government and
Third Sewerage Project;
stakeholder groups for an integrated
(SR) the Gulf of Thailand
management strategy and approach to
Joint Statement/Framework
sustainable development of coastal and
Programme initiated with a
watershed areas. By strengthening
sub-regional institutional
capacities of core personnel and major
arrangement
stakeholders in ecosystem-based
development/agreement
management, and building awareness and
among the three (3)
confidence across sectors, the project will
signatory countries and
provide a means to addressing major
partnerships forged with
barriers in a transparent and
industry/private sector for
comprehensive manner.
capacity enhancement in oil
spill prevention,
preparedness and
response;
(SR) A river basin-coastal
area ecosystem-based
management strategy for
sustainable development of
a watershed area in Jakarta
Bay.
(P) Case studies on the
experience and lessons
gained from the
development of a total
pollution load management
(TPLM) plan for Masan-
Chinhae Bay
D.1.4 Twinning arrangements
(P) Agreements on twinning
MOAs/MOUs
or
Assumptions:
expanded to other priority
and partnership
similar agreements
Other regional and extra-regional projects
watershed areas/sub-
arrangements negotiated
between twinning
and programs are willing to serve as
regional pollution hotspots,
and signed with the
partners
twinning partners with the selected sites,
such as the Mekong River,
interested sites.
Annual
meetings/
as a contribution to the implementation of
Red River, and Pearl River.
workshop
the SDS-SEA and its objectives and
proceedings
targets.
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Risk: Low
D.1.5 One regional workshop
(P) Regional workshop
Proceedings of the
Assumptions:
conducted to evaluate the
attended by twinning
Regional Workshop
Good practices in ecosystem-based
results of the twinning
partners during the EAS
Replication
Plan
management and innovative approaches to
activities, and the potential
Congress 2009
overcoming barriers to investment in
for replication in other
(P) Replication plan
environmental infrastructure are
areas.
developed and endorsed by
recognized as essential elements of
the Regional Workshop to
sustainable development programs.
the EAS Partnership Council
Replication plans provide governments and
investors with a framework for addressing
pollution issues in a rational and affordable
manner.
Risk: Low
COMPONENT E: INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY AND HUMAN RESOURCES
Outcome 5: Use of the region's intellectual capital and human resources strengthened, and addressing policy, economic, scientific,
technical and social challenges and constraints to integrated management and sustainable use of the marine and coastal environment
and resources of the Seas of East Asia
Output E.1: An enhanced technical support network for countries, comprised of a Regional Task Force (RTF) and country-based National
Task Forces (NTF)
E.1.1 A
systematic
mechanism
(P) Agreements signed with
PEMSEA RTF and
Assumptions:
for the mobilization of the
RTF members and
NTF database
There is a core of existing knowledge and
RTF and NTFs set in
members of 3 NTFs
MOAs/MOUs
or
capacity residing in government agencies
place and operational,
(Indonesia, Philippines,
similar agreements
and institutions and universities, and
including appropriate
Vietnam).
with RTF members
among various sectors, for sustainable
incentive and recognition
(P)
RTF/NTF
Training
Training
workshop
development and management of marine
systems, codes of
programs implemented
reports
and coastal resources.
conduct, and training and
(P) System in place for
Governments, universities and non-
evaluation programs.
monitoring and evaluating
government organizations support the
RTF and NTF members,
strengthening and mobilization of region's
and for recognizing their
intellectual capital and human resources to
contributions.
resolve environmental problems at the
E.1.2 A core of individuals in
(P) ICM technical services
Country reports to
local, national and regional levels.
participating countries with
provided by NTFs in
EAS Partnership
Risks: Low
ICM experience serving
Indonesia, Philippines and
Council
There may be limited interest in
as members of NTFs,
Vietnam
establishing/ strengthening RTF and NTF
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focused primarily on the
roles and capacities. However, PEMSEA's
development and
experience over the past six years has
implementation of national
confirmed the support for and value of the
ICM scaling up programs.
RTF approach, both by the recipients of
RTF assistance, and by the RTF members
E.1.3 Skills
and
capacities of
(P) 50 RTF and NTF
Training
reports
themselves. In addition, national
RTF and NTF members
members trained in policy
Certificates issued to
consultations undertaken during the PDF-B
enhanced through training
development, and technical
RTF and NTF
initiative confirmed national government
workshops, training of
services covering ICM
members
support for the development and
trainers, on-the-job
development and
PEMSEA
RTF/NTF
mobilization of NTFs as part of ICM scaling
experience, and staff
implementation, eco-
database
up programs.
exchanges.
system-based management
and State of Coasts
reporting
E.1.4 RTF and NTF members
(P) 3 regional training
Training
conduct national and
workshops (i.e.,
modules/programs
regional training
methodology for assessing
Training
workshop
workshops, transferring
social and economic
reports
tools and skills for the
contributions of coastal and
Training
Certificates
implementation of SDS-
marine areas/sectors; eco-
issued
SEA at the local, national
system-based management;
PEMSEA
RTF/NTF
and sub-regional levels.
and State of Coasts
database
reporting) conducted;
(P) 3 sub-regional training
workshops (i.e., oil spill
prevention and response;
contingency planning and
recovery of costs from oil
spills; and sensitivity
mapping) conducted; and
(P) 10 national training
workshops (i.e., ICM
policy/program
development; national
assessment of social and
economic contributions of
coastal and marine
areas/sectors; eco-system
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based management;
national State of Coasts
reporting; and innovative
financing policies and
mechanisms for
environmental investments)
conducted
Output E.2: Areas of Excellence (AOEs) Program and a regional network of universities/scientific institutions supporting SDS-SEA
implementation at the national and local levels
E.2.1 Partnership
agreements
(P) Agreements signed with
MOAs/MOUs
or
Assumptions:
negotiated with two (2)
2 Areas of Excellence
similar agreements
Scientific
institutions that are recognized
internationally and
operating within existing
between AOEs and
internationally and regionally as Areas or
regionally recognized
research institutions and
PRF
Centers of Excellence are willing to expand
Areas of Excellence to
institutions of higher
Work Programs for
their horizons, by sharing knowledge, skills
provide scientific and
learning, focusing on:
AOEs
and innovative technologies and
technical inputs to the
monitoring changes in the
Technical/scientific
approaches across the region;
implementation of SDS-
marine environment; habitat
reports and/or policy
Risk: Low
SEA at the national and
restoration and
briefs by AOEs
regional levels
rehabilitation; and ocean
AOE reports to the
policy and international
EAS Partnership
conventions.
Council
E.2.2 Linkages with national
(P) Agreements signed with
MOAs/MOUs
or
Assumptions:
universities and donors
national universities,
similar agreements
Scientific input is essential to the
strengthened to augment
research institutes and
between institutions
enhancement of policies and decisions
scientific support to
donors to augment scientific
and PEMSEA
regarding sustainable development of
national ICM programs
support and advice in ICM
Country reports to
marine and coastal resources. Universities
and ecosystem-based
programs at the national
EAS Partnership
and scientific and technical institutions are
management of
and local levels, as well as
Council
willing and capable of providing sound
watersheds and coastal
ecosystem-based
Case
studies/good
scientific advice to policy-makers and
areas.
management of watersheds
practices evaluations
managers. Integrated management
and coastal areas.
approaches provide the opportunity.
Risk:
Low
E.2.3 Reporting
and
(P) Workshop co-organized
EAS
Congress
Assumptions:
information-sharing
by AOEs under the theme,
proceedings
The EAS Congress provides AOEs and
system developed to
Applying Management-
scientific and technical institutions from the
disseminate the outputs of
Related Science and
region with an international venue for
the AoE program and
Technology to SDS-SEA
sharing their knowledge, research results,
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networking of universities.
implementation, at EAS
experiences and technologies.
Congress 2009
Risks: Low
Output E.3: Professional upgrade program, graduate scholarships and specialized training courses
E.3.1 Internships,
senior
(P) Agreements signed with
Agreements
with
Assumptions:
fellowships and
collaborating institutions and
collaborating
Training modules and programs,
specialized training
organizations
institutions and
developed and applied under PEMSEA,
opportunities provided in
(P) Training modules/
organizations
can serve as the foundation for
cooperation with PEMSEA
programs prepared,
Training
modules,
enhanced/updated training programs.
Partners, AoEs, and
addressing priority
programs and
There is a demand for internships and
collaborating institutions
needs/capacity disparities
schedules
fellowships among government agencies
and organizations.
(P)
Training
schedules
and scientific and technical institutions in
promoted, providing
the region.
capacity development
Risk: Low
opportunities at national and
sub-national levels
E.3.2 Standardization of a post-
(P) Agreements signed with
Agreements
with
Assumptions:
graduate ICM curriculum
collaborating universities
collaborating
Universities in the region are committed to
promoted amongst
(P) Post graduate ICM
universities
strengthen their ICM postgraduate
participating universities in
curriculum developed and
Teaching
materials
programs to meet increasing demand for
the region.
professional upgrade
and curriculum
qualified coastal management experts.
program established
University
Risk: Low
facilitating the process of
courses/graduate
graduate scholarships,
programs
international internships and
senior fellowships within and
outside the region.
E.3.3 Specialized
training
(P) 10 specialized training
Training
workshop
Assumptions:
courses produce the
courses conducted in
reports
Specialized training programs developed
necessary human
environmental risk
Training
certificates
under PEMSEA have been tested and
resources for
assessment; coastal use
issued to 90 trainees
proven. There is a demand to extend these
implementation of the
zoning; natural resource
trainings.
SDS-SEA.
damage assessment; and
Risk: Low
IIMS development/
application
E.3.4 Effectiveness
of
(P) Specialized skills being
Survey
report
Assumptions:
professional upgrading,
applied by PEMSEA
Governments and institutions are aware
graduate scholarships,
trainees and graduates in
that the nomination and selection of
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and specialized training
national and sub-national
appropriate candidates for professional
courses verified.
programs and projects
upgrading, scholarships and specialized
training is critical, in order to ensure that
new skills will be applied in support of
SDS-SEA implementation.
Risk: Low
Output E.4: An internet-based information portal in place, building awareness and transferring knowledge and lessons learned
E.4.1 PEMSEA's internet portal
(P) Information concerning
PEMSEA
website
Assumptions:
(www.pemsea.org)
national ICM scaling up
PEMSEA's website has over 2 million hits
operating as an
programs and local, national
per year, and is accessible in countries
information node of the
and international partnership
throughout the region. It is already
PEMSEA Regional
arrangements for SDS-SEA
recognized as a primary source of
Programme
implementation shared
information regarding on-the-ground
through portal, in
actions in the region. The learning network
collaboration with GEF IW
can build on that foundation.
Learn.
Risk: Low
E.4.2 Develop and implement
(P) Agreement signed/
Agreement with GEF Assumptions:
information dissemination
implemented with GEF
IW: Learn Network
PEMSEA has already established a
and knowledge sharing
IW:LEARN, regarding
EAS
Congress
working relationship with IW: Learn, and
systems using four
disseminating regional
proceedings
can build upon this partnership.
principal channels:
lessons and case studies to
PRF
Secretariat
The EAS Congress is well recognized as a
International Waters
report to EAS
forum for sharing information and
program;
Partnership Council
knowledge
(P) EAS Congress
Mid-term
and
The PRF is staffed with competent
organized, and providing a
Terminal Evaluation
individuals with capacity and experience in
venue for monitoring,
reports
training and technical services.
reporting and evaluating
GEF
Biennial
Risk: Low
progress in SDS-SEA
Conference
implementation
proceedings
(P)
PRF
knowledge-sharing
conducted, through training
programs, investment
projects, and networking
arrangements
(P) PRF and country
representatives participate
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in biennial GEF IW
Conference, providing
regional experience through
case studies and good
practices in sustainable
development and coastal
and ocean governance.
Output E.5: Community based projects, including those addressing supplementary livelihood opportunities, developed and implemented
at ICM sites throughout the region in partnership with GEF/UNDP Small Grants Programme and other community-based donor programs
E.5.1 Partnerships/working
(P) Agreements signed with
MOAs/MOUs
or
Assumptions:
arrangements established
GEF Small Grants
similar agreements
One of the important aspects of ICM
with donor-supported
Programme (SGP) and
between SGP, other
programs is the engagement of all
programs for SDS-SEA
other community-based
donor programs and
concerned sectors in managing coastal
implementation
donor programs mobilizing
PEMSEA
and marine areas. Such an approach
community groups/sectors
facilitates awareness and interaction
in sustainable livelihood
between local governments and NGOs,
activities in support of
CBOs and POs in the development and
sustainable coastal resource
implementation of coastal strategies.
management
International agencies and donors will
benefit from the coastal strategies, working
arrangements and partnerships that are in
place at PEMSEA sites.
Risk: Low
Representation and recognition of the role
of women, youth, indigenous people and
other groups is not considered an
important issue in some countries.
However, project implementation will focus
on countries where the political climate is
conducive to community participation.
E.5.2 Projects
proposals
(SR) At least 6 site-specific
Project
applications Assumptions:
facilitated, aimed at
and community level
Project
reports
Coastal strategies already identify social,
mobilizing community
collaborative projects
Annual reports of
economic and environmental
groups in the
developed and implemented
SGP
issues/problems in the local coastal and
implementation of coastal
to strengthen community
watershed areas at PEMSEA sites;
strategies and actions
participation in decision-
NGOs/CBOs and POs are recognized by
plans.
making
local governments as partners in coastal
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(SR) Increased participation
strategy implementation.
among women, youth,
Risk: Low
indigenous people and
Local governments/ICM offices will assist
marginalized groups in
NGOs and POs with the development of
project activities as a result
project proposals
of an increased knowledge,
skills and appreciation of the
projects.
E.5.3 Capacity building activities
(SR) Increased access to
Training
workshop
Assumptions:
for community groups
training and capacity
reports
Local ICM offices have the capacity to
implementing projects in
building within communities
Case studies
train/assist NGOs and COs in project
support of coastal
at PEMSEA sites
Annual reports of
development and implementation.
strategies
(SR) Increased funding
SGP
PRF will provide guidelines and training of
allocation and support for
trainers.
project proposals by
Risk: Low
women, youth, IPs and
other marginalized sectors.
E.5.4 National
and
regional
(P) EAS Congress and
EAS
Congress
Assumptions:
forums for
PEMSEA website provide
proceedings
Community-based resource management
NGO/community groups
NGOs and CBOs with ready
PEMSEA
website
will be a feature workshop of the EAS
organized
access to good practices
NGO and CBO
Congress.
and knowledge on
reports/surveys
Donors and international agencies will
community-based resource
support the attendance of project
management and alternative
personnel (i.e. CBO and PO project
livelihood programs.
implementation team members) to
participate in the EAS Congress.
Risk: Low
Output E.6: A self-sustaining regional network of local governments in place, operating and committed to achieving tangible
improvements in the sustainable use and development of marine and coastal areas through ICM practices
E.6.1 Capacity
enhancing
(P) Senior local government
PNLG
membership
Assumptions:
seminars and workshops
officials participating in
list
Local governments are willing to sign the
conducted by PNLG
seminars and workshops
Seminar
and
PNLG Charter during the EAS Congress
(SR) 100% increase in the
workshop reports
2006, thereby establishing the PNLG.
number of local
Local governments are willing to sponsor
governments participating in
their own participation at seminars and
PNLG and committed to
workshops.
implementing ICM programs
Risk: Low
Local governments participated in the
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drafting of the PNLG Charter.
Local governments have been cost-sharing
meetings and workshops during the
ongoing PEMSEA project.
E.6.2 PNLG Secretariat hosted
(P) PEMSEA Network of
MOA/MOU
between Assumption:
Xiamen Municipal
Local Governments
Xiamen Municipal
Xiamen Municipal Government will
Government
established and hosted by
Government and
volunteer to serve as host for the PNLG
the Xiamen, with the
PEMSEA
Secretariat, and provide resources for its
members conducting annual
PNLG
meeting
operation.
meetings.
reports
Risk: Low
E.6.3 Regular
"World
Oceans
(P) Local government
Oceans Week report
Assumption:
Week" organized by
executives from around the
Xiamen
Municipal
Xiamen Municipal Government, in
Xiamen Municipal
world attended World
Government budget
collaboration with PEMSEA and UNDP, will
Government
Oceans Week event and
allocation for Oceans
organize and co-sponsor the Oceans
shared knowledge and
Week
Week.
lessons regarding
Risk: Low
development and
management of urban
coastal areas.
COMPONENT F: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCING IN ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
AND SERVICES
Outcome 6: Public and private sector cooperation achieving environmental sustainability through the mobilization of investments in
pollution reduction facilities and services.
Output F.1: Innovative national investment and financing policies and programs for public and private sector investment in pollution
reduction facilities
F.1.1 In conjunction with ICM
(P) Good policies and
Policy briefs and
Assumptions:
scaling up initiatives
practices in financing and
case studies
There is an unmet demand for
(Component C) and river
investment in pollution
PEMSEA portal and
environmental infrastructure projects in the
basin and coastal area
reduction facilities and
IW Learn
region;
management projects
services packaged and
dissemination
The private sector represents a virtually
(Component D), package,
promoted for adoption
network
untapped resource with respect to pollution
promote and facilitate the
among ICM sites and
reduction investment in the region;
adoption and
pollution hotspots
Governments are interested and willing to
implementation of policy
engage the private sector as investors in
reforms, innovative
sewerage, sanitation and waste
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economic incentives,
management projects, using traditional and
alternative revenue
innovative financing mechanisms.
generating schemes, and
Risks: Low to Medium
appropriate institutional
Governments may unwilling to implement
arrangements.
policy reforms to facilitate involvement of
the private sector. To address this risk, the
F.1.2 Formulate
and
(P) Policy reforms
Policies/legislation/
project will focus on governments (national
demonstrate
developed, adopted and
ordinances
and sub-national) that have already
methodologies for
implemented at ICM sites
Employment
expressed/indicated a willingness to
preparing integrated river
(SR) Increased investment
statistics/surveys
engage the private sector as partners in
basin-coastal area
in pollution reduction
Case study/survey of
the development and implementation of
management investment
facilities and services
ICM scaling up
pollution reduction facilities and services,
plans focused on pollution
among ICM sites and
programs
and/or have similar experience in other
reduction, for adoption
pollution hotspots
Case study/survey of
sectors.
and use by local
(SR) Increased jobs/formal
pollution hotspot
The private sector may not be interested in
governments, the private
employment opportunities
projects
working with the EAS Partnership Council
sector, financial
created in the environmental
State of Coasts
and participating countries on this issue.
institutions and other
industry sector
reports
However, it is evident that there is
concerned stakeholders,
significant investment opportunity in
particularly with respect to
pollution reduction among countries across
the replication and scaling
the region. In many countries there are
up of innovative
political, financial and regulatory risks that
technologies and
the private sector is unable to address
practices (Component G).
without the support of national
governments. The proposed project
F.1.3 Establish a one-stop PPP
(P)
One-stop
public-private
PRF business plan
provides a window for the private sector to
Support Service for local
partnership support service
Requests
for
PPP
address these risks with governments
governments, the private
for local governments and
services received
across the region, while maintaining
sector, financial
the private sector
from governments,
transparency and integrity of process.
institutions, and other
established and operating
financial institutions
interested stakeholders, in
within the PRF.
and private sector
collaboration with
Strategic Partners, to
promote and facilitate
increased private sector
participation in investment
projects for pollution
reduction at ICM sites and
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in river basin and coastal
area management
programs.
COMPONENT G: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENTS
Outcome 7: A Strategic Partnership for the Sustainable Development of the Seas of East Asia, functioning as a mechanism for GEF, the
World Bank, the UNDP, and other international and regional partners to incorporate and coordinate their strategic action plans, programs
and projects under the framework of the SDS-SEA, thus promoting greater sustainability and political commitment to the effort.
Output G.1: A functional Strategic Partnership arrangement facilitating enhanced communication, knowledge sharing, scaling up and
replication of innovative technologies and practices in pollution reduction across the LMEs of East Asia.
G.1.1 Operationalize a Strategic
(P) Agreement signed
MOA or similar
Assumptions:
Partnership Technical
between UNDP, World Bank
agreement
Countries support the Strategic Partnership
Team (SPTT) to
and the PRF regarding
SPTT
meeting
approach as a means of enhancing
coordinate the
Strategic Partnership
proceedings
cooperation and synergy among projects;
development,
arrangement to manage and
Mid-term
stocktaking
Major international players and regional
implementation,
implement the Project
meeting report
programs are willing to forge a Strategic
evaluation and promotion
Preparation Revolving Fund
External
evaluation
Partnership, as a means to improved
of the collaborative
report
efficiency and cost-effectiveness of
activities and outputs of
available resources.
the Strategic Partnership.
G.1.2 Organize and implement a
(P) Communication plan
Strategic
Partnership Risks: Medium
communication/
developed/implemented
website
Countries, international agencies and
coordination program for
among Partners
EAS
Congress
organizations, private sector and NGOs are
the Strategic Partnership
proceedings
not willing to collaborate in all activities
including a website,
National
and
regional
and/or prefer bilateral cooperative
quarterly
workshop
approaches. To address this risk, national
reviews/newsletters,
proceedings
and regional consultations will be
regional
conducted during the project to gather
conferences/workshops,
input and define the framework of the
etc. to review the progress
Strategic Partnership, relative to the needs
and achievements of
and benefits of the countries, international
projects and sub-projects,
agencies and regional programs.
and to promote the
The Strategic Partnership will start with
replication of good
World Bank and UNDP, as a prototype
practices across the
arrangement. As experience and benefits
region and to other
are acquired, the PRF will be responsible
regions.
for evaluating and communicating the
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results/good practices.
G.1.3 Monitor the progress of
(P) M&E program conducted
M&E report to EAS
By the end of the project, a series of
the Strategic Partnership
by PRF, in collaboration with
Partnership Council
stocktaking meetings and promotional
through agreed indicators
World Bank, using agreed
State of Coasts
events are expected to generate demand
for the Partnership, as
environmental and socio-
report
and interest for a long-term partnership
well as sub-project
economic indicators
Agreement with one
arrangement.
specific indicators for each
(SR) Project Preparation
country
sub-project undertaken by
Revolving Fund developed
Agreements
with
the Strategic Partnership.
and implemented in one
private sector,
country
donors, and financial
(ESSI): Increase in the
institutions
proportion of population with
access to improved
sanitation and sewerage
systems, with corresponding
reductions in risk to
incidence of water borne
disease.
G.1.4 Package
and
disseminate (P) Five (5) good practices
Case
studies
multi-media materials
and case studies prepared
Good
practices
regarding the Strategic
by SPTT and disseminated
EAS
Congress
Partnership and the
(P) Workshops and
proceedings
related sub-projects to
seminars held at the
Strategic
Partnership
governments and
national (5) and regional
website
stakeholders, the EAS
levels promoting replication
IW Learn network
Partnership Council, the
of good practices
EAS Congress, the
(P) IT network for promoting
Ministerial Forum, and
replication opportunities set
other relevant regional
up
and international forums.
(P) Virtual market place for
sites and partners wishing to
replicate good practices
established
G.1.5 Develop linkages and
(P)
Strategic
Partnership
MOAs or similar
strategic partnership
arrangements signed with
agreements
arrangements with
two new partners
regional and international
organizations and
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institutions, and donors,
as well as other regional
GEF IW programs, such
as the South China Sea,
Yellow Sea, Sulu-
Sulawesi Seas and the
Arafura and Timor Seas,
to transfer knowledge,
replicate good practices
and facilitate increased
investments in pollution
reduction across the
region.
COMPONENT H: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES
Outcome 8: Multinational and national corporations integrating social responsibility into their organizational strategies, programs and
practices, and facilitating the replication and scaling up of capacities in sustainable development of marine and coastal resources among
local governments and communities of the region.
Output H.1: Partnership arrangements established and implemented between multinational and national corporations, industry, local
governments and communities for sustainable development of marine and coastal resources.
H.1.1 Develop
multi-media
(P) CEOs attend
Reports on CEO
The corporate sector is concerned about its
materials and conduct
seminars/forums to learn
forums
role and responsibility in the community,
seminars/forums for CEOs
about corporate experience
APR/PIR
and is looking for opportunities to
and senior managers of
in ICM program
demonstrate its corporate social
corporations (public and
development and
responsibility and impacts, locally,
private), private industry
implementation
nationally and internationally.
and local and national
Governments (national and local) are
government leaders, in
willing and interested to partner with
order to strengthen
national and multinational corporations,
awareness and
industry and private sector to strengthen
understanding of
governance of coastal and marine
environmental
resources.
sustainability, its linkages
to economic and social
Risks: Medium
development, and the use
of ICM as an effective
There is a need to build trust and working
tool for governance of
relatinships between the two sectors.
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Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
coastal and marine
PEMSEA has previous experience in this
resources.
area.
H.1.2 Facilitate
the
development (SR) At least 50 companies
Signed Agreements
and implementation of
and firms sign agreements
APR/PIR
partnership arrangements
and implement ICM or
Technical
between
environmental projects with
reports/case studies
corporations/industry and
local government
of partnership
local governments and
arrangements
communities and, within
the context of ICM scaling
up programs, aligning
private sector
organizational goals for
social responsibility with
resource commitments
and investments in
support of social,
economic and
environmental goals and
benefits of the
communities.
H.1.3 Link up with a "corporate
(P) Agreement with
Signed
Agreement
champion for sustainable
corporate champion
Technical
report/case
development" to develop
(SR)
Demonstration
project
study
and implement a
implemented in
APR/PIR
demonstration project on
collaboration with local
corporate social
government and other
responsibility in strategic
partners
issues/areas of concern to
local governments (e.g.,
water use/conservation;
disaster management;
sustainable livelihoods;
improved access to/usage
of IT in knowledge sharing
and engaging
disadvantaged sectors of
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Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
communities in coastal
governance; etc.).
Output H.2: Corporate responsibility practices evaluated and recognized as a special relevance to achieving social, environmental and
economic benefits in coastal communities.
H.2.1 Modify and adopt
(P) Methodology developed
Methodology
Corporate sector wants to be recognized
monitoring and evaluation
(P) Regional workshop
published
for their social responsibility;
procedures (e.g., ISO
conducted, consensus
Workshop
The development of corporate
26000), including social,
achieved
proceedings
responsibility charters, principles and other
economic and
instruments, and these endorsement of
environmental indicators,
these by a large number of companies and
as appropriate, to assess
firms across the region verifies this
corporate policy,
assumption.
commitment and actions
in aid of sustainable
Risk: Low
development of coastal
communities and their
PEMSEA has previous experience in
natural resources based
developing, demonstrating and
on PEMSEA's experience
implementing recognition systems (PSHEM
in ICM Code and
Code).
PSHEMS Code and
This experience will be utilized in
recognition system.
developing and implementing the corporate
social responsibility recognition system.
H.2.2 Field-test the monitoring
(P) Evaluation conducted in
Evaluation
report
and evaluation procedures
collaboration wit corporate
Refined
methodology
in collaboration with
sector, at an existing project
existing corporate
site
partners who are working
with local government
units and stakeholders at
ICM sites.
H.2.3 Implement
a
corporate
(P)
Regional
Regional
workshop
responsibility recognition
workshop/forum conducted,
proceedings
system, in collaboration
consensus achieved on
Demonstration
report
with national
recognition system
governments, private
(P) Recognition system
sector, donors, and other
tested/demonstrated at
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Narrative Summary
Indicators10
Means of Verification
Assumptions/Risks
concerned stakeholders,
selected sites
to promote and encourage
private sector
participation, resource
commitments and
investments in support of
social, economic and
environmental goals and
benefits of coastal
communities.
10Process Indicator (P); Stress Reduction Indicator (SR); Environmental and Social Status Indicator (ESSI)
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ANNEX 4: LINKAGES BETWEEN SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION
AND THE
WSSD PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION
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SDS-SEA PROJECT
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SDS-SEA PROJECT INDICATORS11
OUTCOMES
COMPONENT A: A FUNCTIONAL REGIONAL MECHANISM FOR SDS-SEA IMPLEMENTATION
Outcome 1: An
XI. Institutional framework for sustainable development
intergovernmental,
multi-sectoral EAS
160 (b) Facilitate and promote a balanced integration of the
(P) 6-year framework of partnership programs
Partnership Council,
economic, social and environmental dimensions of
adopted by the EAS Partnership Council
coordinating,
sustainable development into the work of regional,
evaluating and refining subregional and other bodies, for example, by facilitating
(P) Agreements signed with countries and other
the implementation of
and strengthening the exchange of experiences, including
Partners to provide financial support for sustainable
the SDS-SEA, and
national experience, best practices, case studies and
operation of the PEMSEA Resource Facility
advancing the regional partnership experience related to the implementation of
Secretariat Services
partnership
Agenda 21;
arrangement to a
(P) A voluntary Partnership Fund for capacity building
higher level.
160 (c) Assist in the mobilization of technical and financial
in support of SDS-SEA implementation among LDCs
assistance, and facilitate provision of adequate financing for
of the region, adopted by the EAS Partnership Council
the implementation of regionally and subregionally agreed
sustainable development programs and projects;
(P) EAS Partnership Council decides to sustain the
EAS Congress/Ministerial Forum as a triennial event
160 (d) Continue to promote multistakeholder participation
to monitor progress and provide direction to SDS-SEA
and encourage partnerships to support the implementation
implementation.
of Agenda 21 at the regional and subregional levels.
(P) EAS Partnership Council adopts the State of
Coasts reporting system.
COMPONENT B: NATIONAL POLICIES AND REFORMS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE
Outcome 2: National
IV. Protecting and managing the natural resource base
policies and programs
of economic and social development
on sustainable coastal
and ocean development
30 (b ) Promote the implementation of Chapter 17 of
(P) Framework, methodology and appropriate
mainstreamed into social Agenda 21, which provides the programme of action for
indicators for assessing social and economic
and economic
achieving the sustainable development of oceans, coastal
contributions of coastal and marine areas/sectors
development programs
areas and seas through its programme areas of integrated
adopted and applied in the Philippines and RO Korea.
of participating countries
management and sustainable development of coastal areas,
including exclusive economic zones; marine environmental
(P) RO Korea and Vietnam adopt and implement
protection; sustainable use and conservation of marine living
national policy reforms for integrated management of
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resources; addressing critical uncertainties for the
coastal and marine areas. China, Philippines and
management of the marine environment and climate
Thailand initiate policy reforms for integrated
change; strengthening international, including regional,
management of coastal and marine areas
cooperation and coordination; and sustainable development
of small islands;
(P) Interagency and multi-sectoral coordinating
mechanisms established and operating in RO Korea
and Vietnam to coordinate the implementation of the
SDS-SEA
(P) 6-year framework plans for implementation of the
SDS-SEA, including time bound targets and priority
actions adopted and implemented in RO Korea and
Vietnam.
COMPONENT C: SCALING UP ICM PROGRAMS
Outcome 3: Integrated
IV. Protecting and managing the natural resource base
coastal management
of economic and social development
(ICM) scaled up as an
on-the-ground
33 (e) Promote integrated, multidisciplinary and
(P) ICM policies/legislation and 6-year action plans for
framework for achieving
multisectoral coastal and ocean management at the national ICM implementation adopted and implemented in
sustainable development level and encourage and assist coastal States in developing China and the Philippines, and initiated in Cambodia,
of coastal lands and
relevant ocean policies and mechanisms on integrated
Indonesia and Vietnam
waters in at least 5% of
coastal management.
the total coastline of the
(P) Interagency, multi-sectoral coordinating
region by 2010
committees for ICM program established in China and
the Philippines, providing planning, direction-setting,
decision-making and evaluation for program
(P) National Task Forces for ICM set up in Indonesia,
Philippines and Vietnam, providing technical
assistance to local government units
(P) ICM Learning Network, including training manuals
and support materials, established in collaboration
with IW Learn.
(P) PEMSEA ICM Code developed and adopted by
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SDS-SEA PROJECT INDICATORS11
OUTCOMES
the EAS Partnership Council as a standard for
voluntary use by national and local governments in
ICM program development and implementation.
(SR) 5% of the region's coastline initiating or
implementing ICM programs by 2010
(P) State of Coasts report completed and submitted to
the EAS Congress/Ministerial Forum 2009.
(ESSI) Implementation of strategic action plans within
ICM framework in targeted coastal areas result in:
reductions in nutrient loadings ranging from 10-50%;
5%-10% of habitats identified as protected areas
and/or undergoing restoration; improvements in
fishery management and stabilization of some coastal
fish stocks and alternate increase in biomass.
COMPONENT D: TWINNING ARRANGEMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT
Outcome 4: South-south IV. Protecting and managing the natural resource base
and north-south twinning of economic and social development
arrangements
established for eco-
30 (d) Encourage the application by 2010 of the ecosystem
(P) Twinning and partnership arrangements
system based
approach.
negotiated and signed between the interested sites,
management of
institutions and/or programs for the application of
watersheds, estuaries
30 (f) Strengthen regional cooperation and coordination
ecosystem management approaches and for the
and adjacent coastal
between the relevant organizations and programmes.
strengthening of marine protected areas
seas, promoting
knowledge and
32 (c) Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches
(P) Regional secretariat established in Seoul, RO
experience sharing and
and tools, including the ecosystem approach.
Korea, and regular meetings of partners organized for
collaboration for the
promoting collaboration and replication of good
implementation of
33 (a) Facilitate partnership, scientific research and diffusion practices of coastal and marine ecosystem based
management programs
of technical knowledge; mobilize domestic, regional and
management programs.
in environmental
international resources; and promote human and
hotspots of the region
institutional capacity building, paying particular attention to
(SR) Site specific ecosystem-based management
the needs of developing countries.
programs adopted and implemented in three pollution
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hotspots: a) Bohai Sea; b) Manila Bay; c) Gulf of
Thailand; d) Jakarta Bay; and e) Masan-Chinhae Bay.
including resource commitments.
(SR) Investment plans for pollution reduction in two
selected watershed areas adopted and implemented
by concerned governments.
COMPONENT E: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
Outcome 5: Use of the
X. Means of implementation
region's intellectual
capital and human
109 (e) Establish partnerships between scientific institutions, (P) Agreements signed with national universities,
resources strengthened,
public and private institutions, including by integrating the
research institutes and donors to augment scientific
and addressing policy,
advice of scientists into decision-making bodies to ensure a
support and advice in ICM programs at the national
economic, scientific,
greater role of science, technology development, and
and local levels, as well as ecosystem-based
technical and social
engineering sectors;
management of watersheds and coastal areas.
challenges and
constraints to integrated
management and
111. Establish regular channels between policy makers and
(P) PEMSEA Network of Local Governments
sustainable use of the
the scientific community to request and receive science and
established and hosted by the Xiamen, with the
marine and coastal
technology advice for the implementation of Agenda 21 and
members conducting annual meetings/capacity
environment and
create and strengthen networks for science and education
development activities and other regular activities
resources of the Seas
for sustainable development, at all levels, with the aim of
agreed by the members.
of East Asia
sharing knowledge, experience and best practices and
building scientific capacities, particularly in developing
countries.
112. Use information and communication technologies,
(P) System on information and knowledge
where appropriate, as tools to increase the frequency of
management developed and implemented through
communication and the sharing of experience and
four principal channels, including the PEMSEA
knowledge and to improve the quality of and access to
internet portal, IW-LEARN, EAS Congress, through
information and communications technology in all countries,
the various components of the PRF and internal,
building on the work facilitated by the United Nations
regional and national conferences.
Information and Communications Technology Task Force
and the efforts of other relevant international and regional
forums.
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124. Support the use of education to promote sustainable
(P) Post graduate ICM curriculum developed in
development, including through urgent actions at all levels
collaboration with universities, and professional
to: (b) Promote, as appropriate, affordable and increased
upgrade program established with Partner
access to programmes for students, researchers and
organizations, facilitating the process of graduate
engineers from developing countries in the universities and
scholarships, international internships and senior
research institutions of developed countries in order to
fellowships within and outside the region.
promote the exchange of experience and capacity that will
benefit all partners.
125. Enhance and accelerate human, institutional and
(P) A Regional Task Force and five (5) National Task
infrastructure capacity -building initiatives and promote
Forces established and fully operational providing
partnerships in that regard that respond to the specific
training, technical assistance and other related
needs of developing countries in the context of sustainable
support services to countries in the implementation of
development.
SDS-SEA.
126. Support local, national, subregional and regional
(P) Agreements signed with three Areas of
initiatives with action to develop, use and adapt knowledge
Excellence in the region to provide scientific and
and techniques and to enhance local, national, subregional
technical inputs to implementation of the SDS-SEA at
and regional centres of excellence for education, research
the regional, national and local levels;
and training in order to strengthen the knowledge capacity of
developing countries and countries with economies in
transition through, inter alia, the mobilization from all
sources of adequate financial and other resources, including
new and additional resources.
127 (c) Develop the capacity of civil society, including the
(SR) At least 6 site-specific and community level
youth, to participate as appropriate in designing,
collaborative projects developed and implemented to
implementing and reviewing sustainable development
strengthen community participation in decision-
policies and strategies at all levels.
making, livelihood improvement and capacity
development.
COMPONENT F: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING
Outcome 6: Public and
V. Sustainable development in a globalizing world
private sector
cooperation achieving
49. Actively promote corporate responsibility and
(P) Agreements forged between corporate sector and
environmental
accountability, based on the Rio principles, including
local government units in support of ICM program
sustainability through
through the full development and effective implementation of development and implementation and ecosystem-
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OUTCOMES
collaborative
intergovernmental agreements and measures, international
based management of pollution hotspots.
projects/programs in the
initiatives and public - private partnerships and appropriate
development, replication national regulations, and support continuous improvement in
and scaling up of ICM
corporate practices in all countries.
and the mobilization of
investments in pollution
IV. Protecting and managing the natural resource base
reduction facilities and
of economic and social development
services
26 (g) Facilitate the establishment of public -private
(P) One-stop public-private partnership support
partnerships and other
service for local governments and the private sector
forms of partnership that give priority to the needs of the
established and operating within the PRF.
poor, within stable and transparent national regulatory
frameworks provided by Governments, while respecting
(P) Good policies and practices in financing and
local conditions
investment in pollution reduction facilities and services
packaged and promoted for adoption among ICM
33. Advance implementation of the Global Programme of
sites and pollution hotspots
Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from
Land -based Activities and the Montreal Declaration on the
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land based
Activities, with particular emphasis on municipal wastewater,
the physical alteration and destruction of habitats, and
nutrients, by actions at all levels to:
33 (a) Facilitate partnerships, scientific research and
diffusion of technical knowledge; mobilize domestic, regional
and international resources; and promote human and
institutional capacity building, paying particular attention to
the needs of developing countries;
COMPONENT G: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP ARRANGEMENT
Outcome 7: A Strategic XI. Institutional framework for sustainable development
Partnership
functioning as a
159. Intraregional coordination and cooperation on
(P) Working arrangements between UNDP, World
mechanism for GEF,
sustainable development should be improved among the
Bank and the PRF regarding Strategic Partnership
the World Bank, the
regional commissions, United Nations Funds, programmes
coordination of two-GEF supported projects,
UNDP, and other
and agencies, regional development banks and other
contributing to pollution reduction through
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OUTCOMES
international and
regional and subregional institutions and bodies. This should
demonstration and replication of innovative facilities,
regional partners to
include, as appropriate, support for development,
technologies, processes, practices and services,
mainstream pollution
enhancement and implementation of agreed regional
including performance indicators and targets.
reduction objectives
sustainable development strategies and action plans,
and programs into
reflecting national and regional priorities.
(P) Good practices of the Strategic Partnership, and
their regular programs,
projects within the Partnership disseminated via the
thus promoting greater
EAS Congress, as well as and through the GEF IW
sustainability and
Learn network, and other media.
political commitment
to the effort.
(P) Replication process in place, promoting the
replication of innovative development of partnerships
involving the public and private sector, to leverage
investment in pollution reduction good practices.
III. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production
(P) Good policies and practices to enhance
19 (a) Provide support for the development of sustainable
investments in pollution reduction facilities and
development strategies and programmes, including in
services packaged and promoted for replication.
decision-making on investment in infrastructure and
business development;
IV. Protecting and managing the natural resource base
of economic and social development
33 (b) Strengthen the capacity of developing countries in the (SR) GEF-supported Project Preparation Revolving
development of their national and regional programmes and
Fund set up and operating, through an Agreement
mechanisms to mainstream the objectives of the Global
between World Bank, UNDP, and PEMSEA, providing
Programme of Action and to manage risks and impacts of
local governments and the private sector with access
ocean pollution.
to financing for pollution reduction facilities.
(ESSI): Increase in the proportion of population with
access to improved sanitation and sewerage systems,
with corresponding reductions in risk to incidence of
water borne disease.
10Process (P), Stress Reduction (SR) or Environmental and Social Status Status (ESSI) Indicators
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ANNEX 5: PROJECT MANAGEMENT ORGANIGRAM
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ANNEX 5: PROJECT MANAGEMENT ORGANIGRAM
EAS Partnership
Council
EAS Executive
Committee
UNDP
Executive
Director's Office
PEMSEA Resource Facility
PEMSEA Resource Facility
Secretariat Services
Technical Services
Finance
Administration
Administration
Management
Communication
Core Operational
Partnership Programs
Components
Services
Components
PEMSEA
National
PNLG Secretariat
Partnership
Website
Secretariat Support
(Xiamen)
Framework
Supporting
Policies
Program
Components
PEMSEA
E-BM Secretariat
ICM
Gateway
EAS Partnership Council
(Seoul)
Scaling Up
(Database)
Partnership
Financing and
Fund
Communication
EAS Executive Committee
GOT Secretariat
Investments
Twinning
Plans
(Bangkok)
Arrangements
EAS Congress and
Publications
Ministerial Forum
State of
Strategic Partnership
Technical
Coasts
Arrangements
Cooperation
PEMSEA
M&E of SDS-SEA
Updates and
Implementation
Capacity
Intellectual Capital and
Tropical Coasts
Development
Human Resources
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ANNEX 6: STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT PLAN
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ANNEX 6: STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT PLAN
A. Background and Objectives
Stakeholder participation in the GEF Project is guided by the overall objective to facilitate the
implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia in a manner
reflective of the shared vision "to safeguard and sustain the resource systems of the Seas of
East Asia as a natural heritage for the people of the region, a medium of access to regional and
global markets, a source of healthy food supply, livelihood, economic prosperity and
harmonious co-existence for present and future generations." The logic of the project is such
that interventions and potential benefits will be realized at different levels. The stakeholder
processes would generally be the instrument for building a shared commitment to seek
collective solutions to the problems affecting the Seas of East Asia.
SDS-SEA stakeholder groups can be categorized according to three levels, namely: local,
national and regional levels. ICM implementation and scaling-up programs, as well as
community-based resource management initiatives, will engage local level stakeholders
including community/people's organizations, local government units, NGOs, religious groups,
academe and the private sector, as key partners. National level stakeholders will be
instrumental in the formulation, adoption and implementation of national coastal and ocean
policies, and in establishing coordinative and collaborative links with different government
agencies. At the regional level complementary activities will be explored with UN agencies,
international organizations and regional programs, along the areas of, among others:
addressing impacts from sea-based human activities; sustainable fisheries and conservation of
fish stock; degradation from land-based human activities; environmental monitoring, reporting
and information exchange; capacity-building; knowledge-sharing; and innovative financing
mechanisms.
The involvement of the stakeholders in the process will essentially be along the nature of
"inform, consult, involve, collaborate, and empower"12 and will be defined further according to
the components of the project. The Stakeholder Involvement Plan (SIP) thus represents an
integral part of the project document that is intended to be referred to on a regular basis and
updated, in consultation with the stakeholders, as the project advances. It essentially
operationalizes the avowed commitment for the effective participation by a wide range of
stakeholders and ensures that these processes are well coordinated, comprehensive and
implementable. The integration of stakeholder participation in the Project seeks to be not only
as instrumental to the realization of the SDS-SEA, but likewise attempts to be transformative in
providing opportunities to strengthen the capacities of coastal communities through access to
informed decision-making and harnessing of self-help potentials. The SIP is hence intended to
guide the attainment of the aforementioned objectives by outlining the proposed engagement
activities based on project components. In more specific terms the SIP serves to:
ensure that program interventions and processes integrate public participation and
stakeholder inputs;
support systematic mainstreaming and engagement of stakeholders in the process to
maximize efficiency and consistency;
provide a means of defining and targeting specific capacity-building activities that will
support effective engagement processes, such as providing access to information and
capacity-building;
12 IAP2.org/practitionertools/spectrum.pdf
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institutionalize a mechanism to solicit inputs and insights and sharing of information; and
ensure meaningful participation and enlightened involvement in local, national and
regional activities.
There are many ways that stakeholders can be involved in the process. The Plan indicates the
level of influence and interest by clustering these according to the following: primary
stakeholders 13 (targeted participants in an activity), secondary stakeholders (intermediary
participants) and external stakeholders (include people and groups not formally involved but
who may impact or be affected by the activity). The clustering, which is based on the nature of
the earlier engagements of the stakeholders with the PEMSEA as well as their respective
evolving roles in the Project, subsequently guides and defines the forms of engagement
appropriate for each. The forms of engagement will involve consultation through regular
meetings, information, commitment, communication, dissemination, joint planning,
implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to exercise social accountability.
The integration of stakeholder participation in the Project seeks to be not only as instrumental to
the realization of the SDS-SEA but likewise attempts to be transformative in providing
opportunities to strengthen the capacities of coastal communities through access to informed
decision-making and harnessing of self-help potentials. The Stakeholder Involvement Plan is
hence intended to guide the attainment of the aforementioned objectives by outlining the
proposed engagement activities based on project components. In more specific terms the SIP
serves to:
1. Ensure that program interventions and processes integrate public participation and
stakeholder inputs;
2. Support systematic mainstreaming and engagement of stakeholders in the process to
maximize efficiency and consistency;
3. Provide a means of defining and targeting specific capacity-building activities that will
support effective engagement processes, such as providing access to information and
capacity-building)
4. Institutionalize a mechanism to solicit inputs and insights and sharing of information; and
5. Ensure meaningful participation and enlightened involvement in local, national and
regional activities.
The system of governance to be institutionalized within the East Asian Seas Region shall strive
for decision-making that is based on a shared goal and therefore a collective responsibility of al
sectors of society, thus, highlighting the value of consensus-building, partnership and
inclusiveness to give women, poor and other marginalized sectors of society a chance to
engage in the development process. It shall also recognize differentiated, owing to disparities in
capacities, but joint decision-making through processes that are flexible, participatory,
consultative, community-based, multi-stakeholder and proactive ad commitment-based.
B. Stakeholders Involvement for Project Conceptualization and Development
Following the signing of the Putrajaya Declaration in 2003, focused deliberations were
undertaken on the proposed "Implementation of the SDS-SEA" initiative. The Tripartite Review
Session of the 9th PSC meeting held in 2003 endorsed the formation of a Working Group that
would have the critical task of developing and building consensus on the concrete measures
13 http:www.undp.org/csopp/paguide3.htm
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and steps to implementing the SDS-SEA and building national capacity. In particular, the
Working Group was tasked to formulate the PEMSEA Partnership Agreement and to undertake
activities that would lead to its adoption among PEMSEA countries and stakeholders. The
Agreement, which was subsequently endorsed during the 10th PSC Meeting in October 2004,
addressed the mechanisms for implementing the SDS-SEA and sustaining these over the long-
term.
In keeping with the approach adopted during the SDS-SEA formulation, the PDF-B supported
project design and preparation of the Project Document on "Implementation of the SDS-SEA"
have also been highly participatory, with government, international community, and community
representatives participating in the project preparation as working group members and during
the series of workshop/consultations conducted. The process also took advantage of the
existing institutional arrangements that have been put in place as part of the PEMSEA's
implementation arrangements. These mechanisms range from the more structured Programme
Steering Committee meetings to less structured consultation process mainstreamed as part of
the implementation of local ICM, and subregional sea pollution hotspot environmental
management projects, among others. From February to August 2006, national workshops,
consultations and negotiations were carried out in 11 countries of the region, namely Cambodia,
China, DPR Korea14, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Philippines, RO Korea, Thailand,
and Vietnam, essentially to provide the opportunity for countries to reflect on the importance of
improved coastal and ocean governance to sustainable development, to identify proposed
activities that are national priorities, and to confirm country willingness and commitment to
undertake/participate in SDS-SEA implementation. In each case, consultations involved a
review of policies, projects and programs related to sustainable development of marine and
coastal areas, identification and discussion on barriers and constraints to national program
objectives and commitments to international environmental agreements, and delineation of
national priorities with regard to the SDS-SEA implementation program. A Project Design for
SDS-SEA implementation served as a primary resource document for the national consultations.
The outputs of these consultations were then consolidated in the Project Document, including a
10-year transformation program for PEMSEA identifying country commitments and involvement
in the transformation process (Annex 7 of the Project Document).
C. Stakeholder Identification and Involvement in Project Implementation
The SIP was prepared through the identification of the stakeholders that have been involved as
partners in past PEMSEA activities, including those who played critical roles during the
negotiations and consultations undertaken thus far in the development of the next phase.
Results of stakeholder identification and involvement are found in attached table. Potential
partners and other affected stakeholders have likewise been listed as part of the objective of the
project to mobilize greater support for the common cause on the sustainable development of the
Seas of East Asia. Stakeholders' role in the process is indicated by ascribing labels and
segmenting the stakeholders according to level of involvement in the project, interest, power
and influence implying different set of engagement process. These range from primary,
secondary and external stakeholders. As a tool in planning for the engagement process such
14 Effective January 2007, UNDP has suspended operations in DPR Korea. In accordance with the UNDP policy
decision, DPR Korea has not been included in this GEF Project Document. However, if and when both the UNDP and
GEF decide to lift the moratorium, the SDS-SEA implementation project will re-engage DPR Korea. DPR Korea has
been a participating country of PEMSEA over the past 12 years, and is a signatory to the Putrajaya Declaration
(2003) and the Haikou Partnership Agreement (2006). DPR Korea is a member of the EAS Partnership Council, and
will continue to support SDS/SEA implementation through its own ongoing and planned national initiatives.
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labels are meant to guide planning and activity implementation and ensure that these are
directed at the intended groups.
D. Knowledge Sharing
In line with the "COMMUNICATE" strategy of the SDS-SEA, and to further develop, enhance
and utilize intellectual capital accumulated by PEMSEA and others in the region, this Project will
target strengthening the use of the region's intellectual capital and human resources to address
policy, economic, scientific, technical and social challenges and constraints to integrated
management and sustainable use of the marine and coastal environment and resources of the
Seas of East Asia (Component E). The participation of regional bodies, governments, civil
society and the private sector towards this end, will be mobilized to enhance the exchange of
ideas, information and knowledge on understanding issues and processes on coastal and
marine as well as the utilization of science and traditional knowledge in decision-making.
The GEF IW Learn project, as a key player in the formulation and implementation of the project,
will collaborate with the EAS Partnership Council in the development of a training and
knowledge sharing system that helps to bridge the information and knowledge gap, through
such initiatives as: web page development and electronic networking, e-learning program
development and implementation, meta database formulation and applications, outreach
programs for recruiting scientific experts and qualified professionals, brokering exchange of
experience and capacity building opportunities between IW projects across regions, and overall
application of the Internet to benefit transboundary waters management. This would be
particularly supportive for transferring PEMSEA experience in ICM to other GEF projects in
other regions, such as the Bay of Bengal, the Pacific SIDS projects, as well as collaborative
efforts with the GEF Red Sea project in transferring ICM experience to the Red Sea region.
The internet-based capacity-building will also serve as the virtual "coupling mechanisn" to
converge knowledge generated from formal, informal and professional networks that have been
and will be created, and provide the "sharing mechanism."
At the regional level, efforts include:
· a PEMSEA portal that would comprise a number of sub-networks to include linkages
with the local governments, scientific and technical institutions and organizations, marine
affairs institutions, private sector, financial institutions, serving principally to facilitate the
sharing of intellectual capital, technology, information and services on the
implementation of the SDS-SEA;
· PEMSEA Programmes for Areas of Excellence with internationally and regionally
recognized universities and research institutions in the region, to provide expert advice
and scientific support to countries and their partners on specific issues of concern to
SDS-SEA implementation;
· Regional Task Force and National ICM Task Forces mobilized to provide technical
support to national and local governments in program development, project
implementation and capacity building; and
· transformation of the PEMSEA Network of Local Governments for Sustainable Coastal
Development (PNLG) into as self-sustaining local government-driven network as
channels of information; and
· a triennial EAS Congress, organized for the primary purpose of knowledge-sharing and
transferring experiences and good practices among governments and stakeholders
within the region, and with national and regional programs outside of the region.
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At the national Level:
· an assessment of the contributions made by the coastal and marine areas/sectors to
overall social and economic development at the country and regional levels, with input
from scientific, technical and legal organizations and associations, national donors, and
international agencies and organizations universities, financial institutions, private sector
groups, specialized international NGOs;
· cross-sectoral coordinating mechanisms established within participating countries to
facilitate flow of information to cooperating agencies to ensure harmonized and
integrated activities and mitigate resource/multiple use conflicts and to provide and guide
the monitoring framework for SDS-SEA implementation;
· ICM learning networks developed in three countries, to facilitate knowledge sharing
among agencies, institutions, projects and programs at the national level, in order to
develop/strengthen ICM training programs and provide on-the-ground capacity
development and support services to implement ICM programs; and
· national coordinators identified to ensure transfer/access to information at the national
and sub-national levels.
At the local level:
· knowledge sharing programs will function and operate through the PEMSEA portal and
the GEF-IW: LEARN Resource Center (IWRC). ICM practices will be consolidated and
shared;
· knowledge management mechanisms will also support local governments in the
development and issuance of local ordinances to complement national policies that
recognize local level dynamics;
· On-site training of local ICM managers, implementers and community participants will be
undertaken, and the focus will be to forge partnerships with donors and international
agencies and organizations, including the UNDP SGP, to strengthen local capacities and
involvement in implementation of sustainable development activities at the local level.
E. Social
issues
Degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems in the region has far reaching implications on
the human dimension of the Seas of East Asia where over 60 million people are directly
supported by it. Emerging social issues associated with the impacts of this current resource
degradation trend and which are integrated in the scope of the SDS-SEA include the following:
1.
Threats to food security as trends in unsustainable fishing practices and habitat
destruction persist, impinging on the ability of the ecosystem to support the marine
food production.
2.
Economic dislocation and marginalization of people whose livelihood are linked with
maintaining the integrity of the ecosystems.
3.
Increasing vulnerability to natural hazards brought about by human influence and its
interaction with the economic, social and institutional factors that will render coastal
areas uninhabitable.
4.
Increasing threats to public health of toxins and hazardous compounds in edible
marine products and by increased dangerous waste levels in coastal waters.
5.
A large number of people are unnecessarily exposed to waterborne diseases arising
from inadequate access to safe water and the relatively low coverage of sanitation
facilities and lack of proper waste disposal systems for solid and hazardous wastes
in several countries within the region.
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6.
Loss of life and more pollution incidents are likely as greater shipping congestion and
other marine activities lead to more maritime accidents.
7.
Loss of aesthetic and recreational values
8.
Conflicts on resource use and inaccessibility will intensify divergence and lead to
social unrest.
9.
Attendant transboundary impacts
10.
Economic growth especially for resource dependent countries of the region will be
seriously undermined.
The improvement in the quality of life of the people of East Asia remains the ultimate goal of the
shared vision and mission of the SDS-SEA, where its pursuit will continue to rely on the different
stakeholders to work in partnership across boundaries, sectors and organizations. The
implementation of the SDS-SEA aims to show the way towards harmonizing actions for that
common goal and in the process catalyze interventions on specific areas where action are
deemed most critical for the Seas of East Asia. Specifically and to hasten actions to protect
vulnerable and marginalized sectors of society within the region the Project will catalyze the
following, among others:
Scaling up on-the-ground integrated management of coastal and watershed areas at the
local government/community level across the region, thereby enhancing food, shelter,
livelihood/employment, health, environmental and economic security of local populations
on a sustainable and self-reliant basis;
Providing the means and opportunities for women, the youth, the poor and other
marginalized groups to develop and implement initiatives aimed at conserving and
restoring coastal and marine resources, while enhancing social well-being and
livelihoods in coastal communities, in collaboration with the GEF/UNDP Small Grants
Programme;
Enhancement of capacity-building and ensuring access to information to empower the
local actors to make decisions concerning the resources on which their livelihood
depends;
Support at the national level through the assessment of contributions made by the
coastal and marine areas/sectors to overall social and economic development at the
country and regional levels that supports the development of national agenda, policies
and programs for sustainable coastal and ocean management and the benefits derived
for present and future generations.
Promote increased private sector investments to reduce pollution and address access to
safe water and sanitation.
Mechanisms to be in place will support greater mainstreaming of women, youth, Indigenous
peoples and other vulnerable sectors in the environmental and social development processes.
These will be undertaken through ensuring involvement of local communities (e.g., people's
organisations) in formulation of plans, policies and legislation; participate in participatory
monitoring approaches on the status of coastal resources and environmental quality;
mobilization in information dissemination; and in the enforcement of local level ordinances
governing resource use.
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STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT PLAN
Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
COMPONENT A: A
Countries of the East Asia
Primary stakeholders:
EAS Partnership Council Meetings as
FUNCTIONAL
region, including national and
Participate in the regional collaborative efforts to a mechanism to inform, consult with,
REGIONAL
local governments,
implement the SDS-SEA and ensure that their solicit inputs, engage in dialogue,
MECHANISM FOR
community groups, NGOs
individual programs and actions are consistent with the reporting, feedback, and mobilize
SDS-SEA
and other members of the civil
SDS-SEA;
resources among stakeholders
IMPLEMENTATION
society;
Contribute to the regional endeavor to implement the
Research and educational
SDS-SEA and support their respective representatives
institutions;
to attend the EAS Partnership Council meetings,
Private sector;
meetings of the regional networks, and EAS Congress
UN and international agencies
within their capacities;
and financial institutions that
Set up the Regional Partnership Fund
support or sponsor the
implementation of the SDS-
SEA;
Concerned regional and
global programs;
Other countries using the
Seas of East Asia
The World Bank
Primary stakeholder:
Support national policies, programs and practices to
establish a stable financial and investment climate,
provide policy guidance and technical expertise on an
investment fund for land-based pollution reduction
UNEP/GPA
Primary stakeholder:
Provide guidance on the national and local response
programs to manage marine pollution arising from
municipal sewage, nutrient discharges, and the physical
alteration and destruction of habitats
UNDP
Primary stakeholder:
Provide direction and leadership role in the
development of capacities for the coastal and marine
environment management, and facilitate the
implementation of the Millennium Development Goals
IMO
Primary stakeholder:
Provide direction and leadership on the prevention of
adverse impacts from sea-based human activities
through strengthening awareness and capacities in
maritime safety, marine pollution from ships, ship and
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
port security, invasive alien species in ballast water,
and the designation and management of particularly
sensitive sea areas (PSSA's)
FAO
Primary stakeholder:
Collaborate on the application of ICM for fisheries
management to promote equitable and sustainable
fisheries and conservation of fish stocks
GEF/UNDP Small Grants Primary stakeholder:
Programme
Collaborate on building sustainable development and
environmental conservation programs at the local level,
and support SDS-SEA's local capacity building and
community-based activities.
ADB
Primary stakeholder:
Support national policies, programs and practices to
establish a stable financial and investment climate;
Provide technical assistance and capacity building
ASEAN
Primary stakeholders:
APEC
Coordinate regional and sub-regional mechanisms to
ESCAP
combat transboundary environmental threats in regional
COBSEA/UNEP Regional
seas;
Seas Programme
Maintain active collaboration and undertake joint
NOWPAP
initiatives within the respective plans of action of
regional bodies.
GEF Regional Projects on Primary stakeholders:
LMEs (South China Sea, Collaborate on the exchange of knowledge and
Yellow Sea), as well as in
experience in integrated management of marine and
major river basins (Hei,
coastal resources at the local and subregional levels, as
Pearl, and Mekong).
well as the management of transboundary, cross-border
environmental issues, for use in the development and
implementation of SAPs and operational programs;
Share information with a wide audience of national,
regional and international partners, develop and
implement joint or complementary capacity building
programs;
Promote investment projects with the private sector;
Participate in the formulation and implementation of a 6-
year framework of regional partnership programs.
IOC/UNESCOP
Secondary stakeholder:
Provide scientific and technical advice on marine
environmental monitoring and information sharing
towards a systematic approach to environmental
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
monitoring, reporting and information exchange
UNFCCC
Secondary stakeholder:
Provide scientific and technical input on impacts of
climate change, especially sea-level rise and local
management initiatives to promote ICM as an effective
management framework.
RAMSAR and Biological Secondary stakeholder:
Diversity Convention
Coordinate input on Integrated management of
watersheds and coastal areas using ecosystem-based
approaches, collaborate on addressing wetland coastal
ecosystems and biodiversity
UNEP/Basel Convention Secondary stakeholder:
and the Stockholm Provide advice on legal and economic instruments and
Convention (POPs)
programs regarding toxic chemicals and hazardous
waste management at the national and local levels;
Provide technical and policy guidance on management
mechanisms for toxic chemicals/hazardous wastes and
their transboundary movements
World Tourism Organization Secondary stakeholder:
Provide advice on sustainable economic development
in coastal and marine areas
World
Health
Organization Secondary stakeholder:
Provide advice on protection of human health and
society from risks that occur as a consequence of
human activity;
Provide directions and guidance on human health and
sanitation.
COMPONENT B:
National
government
Primary stakeholders:
Regional workshops; National
National Policies
agencies and institutions
Ensure coherence in coastal and ocean policy, forums; Training; Regular meetings of
and reforms for
National
coordinating
institutional reforms, legislation, regulation, enforcement national coordination mechanism;
sustainable coastal
mechanism for national
at local and national levels
Policy advocacy and awareness
and ocean
SDS-SEA implementation
Provide a home base for integrated management of building activities
governance
marine and coastal areas
NGOs
Primary stakeholders:
private
sector
Provide inputs and expertise in the formulation and
civil society groups
implementation of national policies
COMPONENT C:
Relevant
national
Primary stakeholders:
National ICM Leaders Forum;
Scaling Up ICM
government agencies and
Provide policy, administrative and technical support in National Coordinating Mechanism;
Programs
institutions;
the implementation of ICM scaling-up activities
EAS Congress; PNLG Annual Forum
National
coordinating
mechanism for national
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
SDS-SEA implementation
Local
Governments
Primary stakeholders:
Set up local ICM policy and coordinating mechanism for
implementation
Coastal
communities,
Primary stakeholders:
Regular meetings, public awareness
women, youth, poor and
Participate in building capacity to manage the ICM activities, consultations and dialogue
marginalized sectors of
program and activities;
society
Engage in participatory planning and identify demand
driven priorities for UNDP-SGP funding;
Participate in project design and implementation
UNDP-Small
Grants
Primary stakeholders:
MOUs; Project Development;
Programme
Implement joint and complementary activities (with Consultation and coordination
PRF) aimed at strengthening local capacities in the meetings
sustainable use and management of marine and
coastal areas at the community level
PNLG
Primary stakeholders:
PNLG annual forum; Regular
Contribute to increasing the awareness of the ICM communication and consultation
scaling-up efforts including ICM Code and recognition
system;
Promote their acceptance by local governments
COMPONENT D:
National
and
local Primary stakeholders:
Project Coordinating Committee;
TWINNING
authorities and relevant Firm up management programs for each of the Twinning workshops; Local
ARRANGEMENTS
institutions in Bohai Sea,
hotspots site to address the priority issues identified in Partnership Forum; IEC activities
FOR RIVER BASIN
Manila bay, Jakarta Bay,
the application of ecosystem management, particularly
AND COASTAL
Masan- Chinhae Bay.
the water pollution reduction
AREA
Details are described below:
MANAGEMENT
SOA, local authorities and
local communities within
Bohai Sea;
Ministry of Environment,
local authorities and local
communities within Jakarta
Bay;
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources,
Manila Bay Project, local
authorities and local
communities; and
Ministry of Maritime Affairs
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Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
and Fisheries; Masan City;
Korea Maritime Institute;
Korea Ocean Research &
Development Institute;
National Fisheries Research
& Development Institute,
Korea Environment
Institute, Republic of Korea
Scientific and technical Secondary stakeholders:
Twinning secretariat; website
institutions; universities
Serve as scientific and technical support network to
operation; workshop organization;
support implementation of ecosystem-based activities
information management and
in participating sites
dissemination
COMPONENT E:
Universities and research
Primary stakeholders:
Training; EAS Congress; Information
INTELLECTUAL
institutions in the region with
Develop technical work programs that will spell out key sharing
CAPACITY AND
internationally and regional y
contributions to program implementation, taking into
HUMAN
recognized Areas of
consideration the needs for SDS-SEA implementation
RESOURCES
Excellence programs
and capabilities of the institutions, and the mechanisms
for financing, implementing and sustaining the identified
activities/programs.
Focus will be on providing policy support, degree
programs, research opportunities, regional training,
technical advice, etc.
GEF IW LEARN network
Primary stakeholder:
Website cross-linkage; EAS
Promote knowledge sharing in coastal and ocean Congress
governance
PNLG
Primary stakeholder:
PNLG Annual Forum; Information
Promote good practices in ICM; facilitate knowledge dissemination and sharing through
sharing
PNLG website
Coastal Cities in the region Primary stakeholder:
Annual Forum; Website linakge
as well as outside the region
Participate in the World Ocean Week Xiamen
COMPONENT F:
Local Governments in ICM Primary stakeholders:
EAS Congress; Local consultation;
INVESTMENT AND
sites
Develop investment project initiatives in collaboration website information sharing
FINANCING
with private sector
Local community, NGOs,
Primary stakeholders:
people's organizations
Support investments in pollution reduction and
prevention;
Willingness to pay for improved environmental services;
Provide inputs to investment options
COMPONENT G:
EAS Partnership Council
Primary stakeholders:
EAS Partnership Council Meetings as
STRATEGIC
World
Bank
Provide input in the development and implementation of a mechanism to inform, solicit inputs,
PARTNERSHIP
UNDP
investment plans and financing programs for increased as avenue for dialogue, reporting
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Component
Key Stakeholders/Partners
Major Roles
Involvement Strategies and
Mechanisms
ARRANGEMENTS
investments in environmental infrastructure;
Work in partnership with national and local
governments and local stakeholders to develop, finance
and manage environmental services that are accessible
and affordable to all sectors.
COMPONENT H:
National
and
local Primary stakeholders
National ICM sites and/or river basin
CORPORATE
governments
Work in partnership to address/overcome strategic and coastal area management
SOCIAL
Coastal communities/social
social, environmental and/or economic problems facing program sites;
RESPONSIBILITY
groups
coastal communities
National and multinational Develop and adopt shared vision/responsibility to Local government coastal strategies
corporate sector
achieve desired targets of the community
and operational programs provide a
Industry/private
sector
platform for cooperation among
stakeholders and a framework for
participation by the corporate sector
and business community;
EAS Congress serves the corporate
sector by providing an international
stage for recognition of their social y
responsible actions.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 7: REPLICATION STRATEGY
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 7: REPLICATION STRATEGY
INTRODUCTION
Replicability is an integral element of the scaling-up thrust of the SDS-SEA implementation
project. It is well recognized that the East Asian region presents a substantial challenge to
the achievement of the desired levels of replication. The capacity disparities that exist within
and among countries, and the lack of effective working relationships among the many donors,
international institutions and regional programmes and projects that are operating in the
region, have resulted in limited replication between and across such initiatives in the past.
To address these constraints, the project will operationalize an innovative regional
arrangement, founded on intergovernmental and multi-sectoral partnerships, which is
designed to break down the barriers created by sectoral thinking, and to promote cross-
sectoral cooperation and transfer of capacity and knowledge. As a partnership, the regional
arrangement will be outcome-oriented, meaning that the various partnerships that are
organized within the regional arrangement are formed to achieve specific objectives and
targets within the framework of the SDS-SEA strategy. When the respective objective(s) of
the Partner(s) has/have been achieved, the partnership either ceases or transforms to
address a new objective or target.
Several novel mechanisms and activities will be applied during the project in order to
facilitate and expand partner support for SDS-SEA implementation, and the promotion and
replication of good practices.
On the 15 December 2006, 11 countries15 signed the Haikou Partnership Agreement. The
Agreement formally established PEMSEA as the regional coordinating mechanism for the
implementation of the SDS-SEA, and marked the start of the transformation of PEMSEA
from a project-based arrangement to a long-term, self-sustained and effective regional
collaborative mechanism with the mandate to pursue the implementation of the SDS-SEA
through collaborative, synergistic and responsible actions, while accomplishing the countries
individual commitments. The composition of PEMSEA, as per the Haikou Partnership
Agreement, includes:
a) the intergovernmental and multi-sectoral EAS Partnership Council16, to provide policy and
operational guidance for, as well as steer, monitor and review the progress of, the SDS-
SEA implementation. The Council will meet every 18 months and, as part of its agenda,
will review good practices as presented by Partners, and recommend priority
areas/issues for replication of identified good practices. These recommendations will be
tabled during the intergovernmental session of the Council, for adoption into the work
programmes of PEMSEA and the individual countries, as appropriate. Key issues on the
15 The countries that signed the Haikou Partnership Agreement included: Cambodia, China, DPR Korea,
Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Philippines, RO Korea, Singapore, Timor Leste, and Vietnam.
16 On 16 December 2006, 12 stakeholder organizations signed the Partnership Operating Arrangements, thus
becoming the first group of non-governmental organizations to be formally recognized as members of the EAS
Partnership Council. The 12 PEMSEA Partners included: Conservation International Philippines; Coastal
Management Center, UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme; IOC/WESTPAC; Korea Environment Institute; Korea
Maritime Institute; Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute; Ocean Policy and Research Foundation;
Oil Spill Response and East Asia Response Limited; Plymouth Marine Laboratory; UNEP Global Programme of
Action; and the UNDP/GEF Yellow Sea LME Project.
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agenda of the Council over the next three years, as committed in the Haikou Partnership
Agreement, include:
developing and implementing national interagency, multisectoral and multidisciplinary
mechanisms and processes for facilitating country implementation of SDS-SEA;
formulating and implementing national policy and policy reforms aimed at sustainable
development of coastal and marine resources, including ICM scaling up, in 5
countries;
preparing a rolling 6-year framework programme of work for the Council;
producing a State of Coasts report every three years to monitor and evaluate
progress, outcomes and impacts of PEMSEA;
enhancing efforts in coastal and marine water pollution reduction, particularly for
achieving time-bound emission targets and sustainable access to safe drinking water
and improved sanitation in pollution hotspots; and
fostering collaboration, cooperation and partnerships between PEMSEA and other
relevant regional and international organizations, programmes and initiatives.
b) the triennial EAS Congress, to serve as a vehicle for various stakeholders, partners and
collaborators to share knowledge and monitor the progress of SDS-SEA implementation,
as well as to identify and forge new value-added partnerships to accelerate the
achievement of objectives under the SDS-SEA;
c) the Ministerial Forum, to provide policy directions and commitments for improving and
strengthening the implementation of the SDS-SEA;
d) the regional Partnership Fund, to channel and ensure the best use of voluntary
contributions from interested countries, donor agencies, institutions and individuals to
reduce capacity disparities that impede SDS-SEA implementation; and
e) the PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF), a package of services and resources mobilized by
PEMSEA to facilitate the implementation of the SDS-SEA. The PRF consists of
Secretariat Services in support of the EAS Partnership Council, and Technical Services
to provide services required by Partners and collaborators. The Secretariat Services will
be funded by participating Governments. The Technical Services will be operationalized
through the implementation of projects and services funded by donors and other
collaborators. The PRF, in collaboration with PEMSEA Partners, will serve as a vehicle
for packaging, disseminating and promoting the replication of good practices and lessons
learned from the various projects undertaken by Partners (i.e., members of the EAS
Partnership Council), as well as donors and collaborators funding projects in the region.
THE APPROACH
A fundamental criterion of the project is to build replicability into each component during the
planning stage. This approach requires that three ingredients be incorporated at the project
and sub-project levels, namely: capacity assessment; communication; and partnership
development.
Capacity assessment refers to both the demand and supply sides of replication. First, a
systematic approach is required to identify and assess the priorities and pre-conditions for
successful replication, which will vary under different political, governance, institutional and
socio-economic characteristics of sites/areas of the region. Second, there is a need to match
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interested sites/areas with appropriate, replicable mechanisms, technologies or practices that
have been successfully demonstrated/tested under pertinent conditions.
Communication entails awareness building and knowledge sharing. The awareness building
aspect of communication will alert stakeholders to the environmental issues, needed
changes, and focus of action to make changes occur on the ground. The knowledge sharing
aspect is designed to apply and expand knowledge, innovations, good practices and
technologies, as demonstrated and tested under the project. This aspect of communication
will be implemented with two objectives in mind: a) to promote development and continual
improvement of good practices; and b) to leverage support for and investment in the
replication of good practices by concerned stakeholders.
Partnership development recognizes that many local governments in the region lack the
confidence and capacity to commit to investments in scaling up ICM, much less pollution
reduction facilities and services. Replicable innovations will need to be packaged and
promoted with this constraint in mind. Opportunities created for government and non-
government partners, the identification of interested partners, and the process of promoting
and developing partnerships will be incorporated into the operational activities of the project,
in order to scale up partnership activities from a local initiative, to national and regional
dimensions.
THE GUIDING MECHANISMS
The project covers a wide range of stakeholders, issues, constraints, activities, outputs and
outcomes. Activities undertaken within the project are interrelated at several different levels,
and will require a concentrated effort to optimize the replication potential.
The following guiding mechanisms will be put in place to develop, implement, and facilitate
the coordination and replication initiatives of the project:
a) Project Replication Team (PRT)
The project will set up a Project Replication Team, comprised of multi-disciplinary members
of the Regional Task Force (RTF), as well as representatives of key regional entities and
projects, including the GEF/UNEP South China Sea and the GEF/UNDP Yellow Sea LME
projects. The Project Replication Team will be assigned four main activities:
i. to evaluate sites/areas in the region as potential locations for replication and scaling
up of good practices and technologies;
ii. to assess the projects, technologies and practices being implemented under the
framework of the SDS-SEA to determine their potential for replication;
iii. to gauge the competency of local governments and potential partners for replication
activities, including political, socio-economic and governance characteristics, access
to financing, creditworthiness, revenue sources, experience, capacities, partnership
qualities; and
iv. to provide technical assistance and advice in developing partnership arrangements
for the implementation of replicable technologies and practices.
The PRT will be multi-disciplinary. The RTF Experts List is a database of capable and
committed technical and scientific professionals within the region, who can be tapped for
short- and medium-term assignments. The RTF provides the project with a pool of experts in
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all essential disciplines to work on the PRT, particularly as related to pollution reduction
technology; environmental management; policy development; legal and regulatory
instruments; financial and economic instruments; socio-economic analysis; communication;
capacity development; information management; modeling and forecasting; and partnership
development.
In addition to the above experts, the PRT will include representation from regional
programmes and projects, which are related to the objectives and action programmes
identified under the SDS-SEA (e.g., South China Sea and Yellow Sea LME projects). These
representatives bring a wealth of information to the table, particularly with respect to the
needs, constraints and capacities of different sites and sub-regional areas, along with a
working knowledge of the available partnership opportunities. The PRT is designed to benefit
its members by providing a platform for cooperation across various projects and programmes
in the region, as well as an opportunity for replication of proven, on-the-ground good
practices in their respective locales.
The PRT will also provide technical support to the Strategic Partnership in formulating the
criteria, conditions and opportunities for replication, as well as rendering support services for
the promotion and implementation of the replication process, such as technical assistance
and advice to interested local governments and their potential partners. In particular, the PRT
will be responsible for analyzing project information in its local context, and transforming that
analysis to a regional scale to identify potential matching replication sites. Such analyses will
be systematized, utilizing PEMSEA's IIMS Database and Network as primary tools for
collation and analysis of information, in combination with site visits/assessments as
necessary.
The Terms of Reference for the PRT will be specified at project start-up, in collaboration with
the regional representatives on the Team.
b) PEMSEA Resource Facility Technical Services Project Replication Unit
Within the PEMSEA Resource Facility Technical Services, the project will establish a Project
Replication Unit (PRU). The PRU will provide various services in support of the PRT and the
Strategic Partnership, including:
Administrative
i. organize the regular meetings of the PRT;
ii. maintain/update the RTF Experts List;
iii. access the necessary expert assistance to facilitate replication initiatives, as required
by the PRT and the Strategic Partnership;
iv. coordinate the mid-term stocktaking meeting of the Strategic Partnership; and
v. arrange the external evaluation of the Strategic Partnership.
Technical
i. collate and manage information gathered from the sites/areas and the various sub-
projects under the two GEF-supported projects, including site profiles, M&E reports,
and annual reports prepared by the sub-projects, utilizing PEMSEA's IIMS and
Network as the platform for information and communication activities;
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ii. gather information on ICM scaling up programmes and sites, twinning sites/locations,
and local and sub-regional project sites/areas of Partner organizations, in
collaboration with project managers and coordinators, utilizing electronic linkages to
PEMSEA's IIMS and Network;
iii. develop the IIMS software and Network as a platform and communication tool for
"matching" good practices and technologies with potential opportunities for replication
across projects and programmes of Partner organizations;
iv. implement a communication programme in coordination with the UNDP and The
World Bank regarding the Strategic Partnership initiatives, including a Strategic
Partnership website, quarterly reviews/newsletters, and annual reports to review the
progress and achievements of the projects, to share information and knowledge
about good practices across the region and to other regions, and to promote the
replication process;
v. monitor and report on stress reduction measures at the local level;
vi. prepare case studies, policy briefs, socio-economic assessments, and other technical
reports on replication projects, to verify and improve approaches and methodologies
used, and to evaluate and document the impact on society, the economy and the
environment, for dissemination to stakeholders;
vii. conduct regional and national replication meetings, in association with the EAS
Partnership Council, the EAS Congress, the PNLG, or other regional and national
forums where appropriate, to facilitate awareness and participation of national and
local governments, financial institutions, donors, the private sector, and community
groups (including the poor), in a comprehensive assessment of the sub-projects,
including the outcomes and their potential for replication.
Partnership Development
i. package, disseminate and promote good practices and lessons learned from the
various projects undertaken by Partners (i.e., members of the EAS Partnership
Council and the Strategic Partnership), as well as donors and collaborators funding
projects in the region, covering innovative approaches to financing and investment of
pollution reduction facilities, socially-sensitive economic instruments and policy reform
packages for local governments, and project preparation procedures for
strengthening access investors by among local governments and small and medium-
sized enterprises;
ii. utilize PEMSEA's Virtual Center for Environmental Investments, which was developed
under the GEF/UNDP Medium-Sized Project on PPP, as a medium for disseminating
and promoting replication opportunities and strengthening PEMSEA's network of
private sector investors, financiers and donors for public-private partnerships (PPP);
iii. co-organize regional and national seminars and workshops for local and national
government leaders, private industry and the corporate sector, promoting ICM scaling
up programmes and replication opportunities for pollution reduction and
environmental conservation and management;
iv. facilitate public-private partnership arrangements involving corporate champions and
local governments through ICM scaling up programmes and the PNLG, to
demonstrate corporate social responsibility with on-the-ground social, economic and
environmental changes in communities;
v. establish linkages with partnership promoting networks within and outside of the
region to exchange information, experience and opportunities in replication of good
practices through partnerships (e.g., World Bank Group; World Water Council; Water
Aid; Global Compact);
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vi. set up a one-stop PPP support service for local governments and the private sector
within the PRF. The support service is designed to assist local governments with the
production of fully-prepared projects for submission to investors and banks for
financial support. The PPP support service will serve as an intermediary between the
project proponent and the financier, providing a value-added service in reducing the
transaction costs of financial partners. The PPP support service will be implemented
on a cost recovery basis, as a component of the Project Preparation Revolving Fund,
which is currently under development within the Investment Component of the
Strategic Partnership.
The Project Replication Unit will consist of a PRU coordinator, information
management/communication specialist, and a partnership building specialist. Other expertise
will be contracted on a short-term basis as required, utilizing the Regional Task Force
resource base.
The Strategic Partnership: Replication of Good Practices in Pollution Reduction
The Strategic Partnership between GEF, World Bank, UNDP and PEMSEA is focused on
accelerating investments in pollution reduction, by removing policy, technical, financial and
social barriers, and promoting the replication of good practices in pollution reduction within
and among countries of the region. It is a partnership arrangement within the broader
PEMSEA regional mechanism, in which the partners assume individual and collective
responsibilities for accelerating on-the-ground improvements in pollution reduction in the
region.
The Partners' Roles
Strategically, the Regional Component of the Strategic Partnership arrangement is
responsible for facilitating the replication of good practices in pollution reduction by:
enhancing public awareness, understanding and participation in pollution reduction initiatives
at the local level; strengthening information and knowledge bases particularly at the local and
sub-regional levels; networking among local governments, communities, NGOs and the
private sector; developing capacity among stakeholders to create the climate for investment
in, and replication of, innovative pollution reduction technologies, facilities and services;
evaluating identified good practices and delineating the opportunities for replication; and
informing and promoting good practices in pollution reduction through the aforementioned
regional implementing mechanisms and support services.
The Investment Component of the Strategic Partnership is aimed at: developing and
demonstrating innovative policies, practices, technologies and services to overcome
identified barriers and constraints to pollution reduction investments by the public and private
sectors; documenting the results of the demonstrated good practices; identifying replication
opportunities within the area or country where the demonstration occurred; and
disseminating the results of the demonstration projects to national, regional and global
stakeholders.
The EAS Partnership Council
As Strategic Partners, the GEF, World Bank and UNDP will be invited to participate in the
EAS Partnership Council to share their experiences, knowledge and views on the activities
and outcomes of the Strategic Partnership, as well as to dialogue with other PEMSEA
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Partners regarding policies and programmes within the region, which impact on larger issues
relevant to SDS-SEA implementation. The EAS Partnership Council provides the Strategic
Partners with direct access to National Focal Agencies responsible for coordinating and
implementing SDS-SEA at the country level, thereby affording the Strategic Partners the
following opportunities to promote replication and/or scaling up of demonstrated good
practices:
i. development of national policy, legal and institutional reforms to reduce land-based
sources of pollutants consistent with the SDS-SEA and the 6-year framework
programme of work, scheduled for development and adoption by the Council;
ii. establishment of time-bound pollution reduction targets in designated pollution
hotspots/dead zones in coastal areas of the participating countries;
iii. identification and promotion of innovative demonstration projects and financing
options in the municipal, agricultural and industry sectors, and in wetland
restoration/constructed wetlands to reduce pollution;
iv. engagement of non-government PEMSEA Partners, including the business
community, in identifying and demonstration solutions to country and sub-regional
problems in pollution reduction;
v. formulation of national replication strategies in partnership with country Partners
requesting technical assistance and support for pollution reduction;
vi. preparation of an agreed region-wide monitoring and reporting system (i.e. State of
Coasts reporting), based on a suite of performance indicators, including stress
reduction indicators for pollution hotspots/dead zones, for use in evaluating the
overall social, economic and environmental benefits of SDS-SEA implementation;
vii. co-organization of the EAS Congress 2009, including the conduct of a thematic
workshop dedicated to the outputs and outcomes of demonstration projects dealing
with pollution reduction, as well as the identification and promotion of replication and
scaling up opportunities among sectors, levels of government and national, regional
and global collaborators and partners;
viii. introduction of information briefs on innovative policies and institutional reforms
focused on pollution reduction to the Ministerial Forum, along with recommendations
for implementing such innovative approaches; and
ix. access to the networks and services of the PEMSEA Resource Facility (PRF),
including the aforementioned Project Replication Team of the Regional Component
and the Project Replication Unit of the PRF Technical Services.
The Strategic Partnership Technical Team
To coordinate the Strategic Partnership activities, a joint technical team (i.e., Strategic
Partnership Technical Team or SPTT) will be organized comprised of representatives of the
World Bank's Fund Management Team, UNDP and the Technical Services of the PEMSEA
Resource Facility (PRF). The SPTT will be set up to develop, guide and monitor the
following:
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i. communication and awareness building amongst key partners and stakeholders and
the wider community regarding the development and demonstration of innovative
projects under the Investment Component;
ii. information and knowledge sharing among the Partners, as well as across to other
stakeholders, regarding the pollution reduction demonstrations and the replication
opportunities;
iii. assessment of results achieved and lessons learned from the demonstration projects;
iv. promotion of good practices and useful lessons for replication within the region, as
well as outside the region; and
v. partnership building for the purpose of expanding the Strategic Partnership and for
promoting the replication of good practices in pollution reduction, including
engagement of regional programs and projects, such as the South China Sea and
Yellow Sea LME projects.
Discerning conditions to be used in judging the replication potential of a sub-project will be
developed and implemented by the SPTT, including, for example: the social, economic and
environmental consequences of the identified constraints or barriers; political, governance,
institutional and socio-economic characteristics; required levels of financing; sources of
financing; required levels of income/operating revenue; opportunities created for government
and non-government partners; and the benefits to be derived by the local communities,
especially the poor. This will ensure that replication is not only integrated into each individual
sub-project, but is an integral part of the Strategic Partnership and its contribution to SDS-
SEA implementation.
The replication strategy of the Strategic Partnership will be implemented by the SPTT, and
will consist of two major elements, namely: a) replication or scaling up of good practices
within the immediate area of the Partnership Investment Fund demonstration project in order
to achieve the full benefit of the forecast reduction in pollution loadings; and b) replication of
good practices at the national and regional levels, where opportunities for application of
demonstrated technologies and practices have been identified and can be facilitated.
The SPTT strategy will foster the replication of each demonstrated technology or practice
under the Partnership Investment Fund project, through information and knowledge sharing
activities, national workshops, and regional conferences. Specific actions include:
a. an annual replication workshop conducted in coincidence with meetings of the EAS
Partnership Council and/or the PEMSEA Network of Local Government;
b. participation of at least one country official to attend the GEF International Waters
Portfolio Conference in 2009 as well as funding for an exhibit at the conference;
c. GEF websites set up for the Strategic Partnership and for each demonstration
project; and
d. a series of opportunity briefs published and disseminated on the good practices and
replication opportunities. Project websites will be consistent with the IW LEARN
guidelines.
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The SPTT will meet every six months, or more frequently if required, to review the
development, implementation and outcomes of their complementary and joint initiatives. The
terms of reference for the SPTT will developed and adopted by the two projects.
CATALYZING THE REPLICATION PROCESS
Catalytic elements of replication that have been imbedded into the SDS-SEA implementation
project are as follows:
Project replicability - As a global hotspot, the environmental challenges in the East Asian
Seas have great relevance to other regional seas. Therefore, the knowledge and experience
on integrated coastal and ocean management, risk assessment and management of
pollution hotspots, private sector involvement, coastal policy reforms, coastal zoning and
permit systems, economic valuation of natural resources, integrated implementation of
international environmental instruments, etc., which that are being acquired in East Asia, are
valuable assets to be shared with and transferred to other regions of the world. In
cooperation with IW:LEARN, the project will facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing
through electronic networking and by organizing cross-regional activities such as: internships
and fellowships, study tours and leadership workshops for practitioners, managers and
senior level policy-makers, joint training and capacity building programmes, and technical
support and assistance through South-South and North-South cooperative arrangements.
Replicability of the SDS-SEA implementation mechanism The SDS-SEA is the culmination
of a decade worth of analysis, consultation, capacity development, collaboration and
planning. The rationale that it provides and the objectives and `action programs' that it
outlines impart an action framework for coastal and ocean management in the region. The
"non-convention, partnership mechanism" (i.e., as adopted in the Haikou Partnership
Agreement) that the countries have opted for is innovative, and may be more effective than a
regional convention in situations where the specific factors contributing to sustainability
issues are not clear or the costs or effectiveness of various interventions are uncertain. The
partnership approach has the potential of creating opportunities for mutual `learning by doing',
and countries helping countries. Clear targets and timetables will be established by
consensus. Decisions are not binding but, because they will be reached on the basis of
consensus, and decision-making is a participatory process, the outcome tends to be of a
morally binding nature. Collaboration over time will create mutual expectations and
motivation to fulfill commitments. The SDS-SEA implementation mechanism will be
documented and reported to other regions and sub-regions to support their developmental,
decision-making processes.
Replicability of best practices The project will document case studies, best practices,
lessons learned and guidance documents on the implementation of the SDS-SEA at the local,
national and regional levels, and promote the transfer of knowledge through the EAS
Congress, national and regional workshops and forums, GEF's IW:LEARN, scientific and
technical networks, Areas of Excellence, Regional and National Task Forces, a PEMSEA
internet portal, linkages with UN, international and regional institutions, agencies and
organizations and international NGOs, training and education programs, and internships and
fellowships.
Many of the tools, skills and networks that will be at the core of the replication process of the
project have been developed during the current GEF-supported PEMSEA project. These
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tools and skills will help to accelerate the implementation of the replication strategy, and
result in early opportunities and benefits to the Strategic Partnership.
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ANNEX 8: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF LME'S IN THE EAST ASIAN REGION
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ANNEX 8: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ON EAST ASIA'S LMES
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
Context and Global Significance:
Biodiversity
Yellow Sea
· One of the largest
South China Sea
· Possesses
exceptional · Lies
within
the
global
· Endowed with high
marginal seas in the
· Lies within the global
biodiversity of marine
center of biodiversity for
species diversity
world, which receives
centre of biodiversity for
flora and fauna
both terrestrial and
· Home to approximately
tremendous inflow of
marine species, supports
believed to be the
marine species. It forms
1,600 species from the
freshwater and
some of most diverse
result of its
part of the "coral triangle"
marine and coastal
terrestrial sediments,
seagrass beds and
geographical and
of highest coral diversity
habitats of the Korean
mainly from mainland
mangrove forests, 2,500
geologic history as a
with Indonesia and New
side of the region
China and Yangtze
species of marine fishes
"melting pot of a
Guinea with more than
which include 70
River.
and 500 species of reef
number of
500 reef-building species
species of
· One of the most
building corals.
biogeographic
and 2,500 species of
phytoplankton, 300
productive in the NW
Gulf of Thailand
provinces" , Similarly
marine fishes.
benthic diatoms, 300
Pacific Ocean and
· Several types of coastal
situated within the
· All major reef types
marine algae, 50
supports a rich
habitats are found in the
global centre of
occur, including the
halophytes, 500 marine
diversity of marine flora
GOT including rocky
biodiversity for marine
Tubbataha reefs, with
invertebrates, 150
and fauna. Species of
shore, sandy beach,
species, supporting for
total estimated reef area
fishes, 230 water birds
phytoplankton,
mudflat, mangroves,
example more than
of more than 20,000 km2.
and 10 marine
zooplankton, fishes,
seagrasses and coral
500 species of reef-
· Supports around 400
mammals.
mollusks, polychaetes
communities.
building corals, 2 500
species of algae, 5
Bohai Sea
and crustaceans have
species of marine
species of sea turtles and
· An important stopover
been identified in the
fishes, 47 species of
22 species of marine
location and breeding
Yangtze River estuary,
mangroves and 13
mammals.
sites for water birds. It
Zhoushan archipelago
species of seagrasses.
is estimated that at
waters and the
· Mangrove
forests
least 800,000 water
Kuroshio current.
cover an estimated
birds use the 4,800
area between 2.49
km2 coastal wetlands,
4.25 million hectares
including at least 15
representing more than
IUCN Red Data
67% of the total area of
species.
mangroves in
· More than 265 bird
Southeast Asia.
species have been
· Supports population of
recorded with total
6 species of sea turtles
numbers estimated at
and some 29 species
more than 10 million.
of marine mammals.
Fisheries
Yellow Sea
· About 730 fish species
South China Sea
· Contribution of the
· A total of 60 to 70
· A significant global
have been identified on
· Ranks
4th among the
fisheries sector to the
percent of animal protein
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LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
resource for coastal
the East China Sea
world's 19 fishing
national GDP is
are derived by the
and off shore fisheries
shelf, along with 91
zones in terms of total
estimated at 2 %. A
Philippines, Indonesia
with well-developed
species of shrimps and
annual marine
significant portion of
and Malaysia from
multi-species that
crabs and 64 species of
production (equivalent
the total catch is
marine fishes.
supported fairly stable
cephalopods.
to 7 million tones of
however illegal and
· The marine fishery of the
fishstock.
· Approximately 95 of
fishery resources; 5 M
unreported.
region contributes
· 280 species of fish
the total freshwater
tones of catch per year
· Fisheries production,
significantly to the
make up the main
fisheries products are
(10% of total global
notably through
economies of Indonesia
living resource
accounted for by
catch in 1992)
aquaculture,
and the Philippines, and
· Heavy fishing in the
freshwater aquaculture. ·
Five of the littoral
mariculture, reef
to a lesser extent to
mid-60s greatly altered
· Of the four groups of
nations are among the
fishing, has increased
Malaysia.
the composition, that in
fishes living in the East
top eight shrimp
to meet domestic and
· Mariculture,
notably
of
recent years fish catch-
China Sea, 61 % are
producers globally,
international
shrimps and to a lesser
per-unit-square
tropical fishes.
mostly through
consumption.
extent reef fish and
kilometer has been
· Fish catch in East
aquaculture.
· Directly supports 16.5
lobster, in the three
reduced to only 2.3
China in 2000
·
The reefs provide
million fishermen that
countries have flourished
tonnes.
amounted to 3.8 million
nursery and breeding
are directly dependent
supplying local demands
· About 100 species of
tonnes
ground for 12 percent
on the sea as their
and the live fish trade to
fish including
of the world's total fish
primary source of both
Hong Kong, China and
crustaceans and
catch; contributing
food and income.
Japan.
cephalopods are
some 30 % of East
commercially
Malaysia's total catch
harvested
and 25% in the
· The abundance of
Philippines; based on
most species is
their value in food
relatively small with
security reefs in
only 23 species
Southeast Asia are
exceeding 10 000
estimated to be worth
tonnes in annual catch
more than 2.4 billion
but accounts for 40 to
USD per year. The
60 % of the annual
reefs in Indonesia
catch.
provide an annual
Bohai Sea
economic benefit of
· Known as a natural
USD 1.6 billion in
fishing ground and
2002.
harbors over 1,540
Gulf of Thailand
species including 29
·
Fisheries around GOT
species of prokaryotes,
are multi-gear, multi-
653 species of protists,
species fisheries
57 species of fungi, 96
mostly conducted by
species of plants and
small-scale fishermen
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LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
705 species of animals
estimated at more than
· Has over 100 species
4 million.
of major fishes
·
Major fishery resources
· The littoral area
are categorized into 4
provides favorable
major groups:
condition for
demersal fishes,
mariculture and stock
coastal pelagic fishes,
enhancement. In 1999,
shrimps and
Bohai sea had a
cephalopods
mariculture area of
·
Trawl is the major
394,450 ha with a total
fishing gear type in
yield of 1.96 million
Thailand accounting for
tonnes.
56% of total fishing
gears used while purse
seine (32%) is also
popular for harvesting
pelagic resources.
Population Yellow
Sea
· Approximately 1,729
·
Estimates of total
· UN (2002) estimates a
· Current estimates at 34
· Estimated at 110
million (GIWA
population in the region
total population of 230
million, (approximately 25
million, with the region
Assessment noted
stands at 350 million
million in Indonesia as
million Filipinos, less than
hosting the following
data gaps on
with some 250 million
a whole, with most
2 million Malaysians in
large cities with 1
demographics and
living in coastal areas.
(200 million) residing in
Sabah and 7 million
million or more
economic sectors)
The region also
the GIWA region
Indonesians in East
inhabitants: Qingdao,
supports large urban
Indonesian Seas, and
Kalimantan and North
Tianjin, Dalian,
centres that include
some 140 million living
Sulawesi), that is
Seoul/Inchon, and
Manila (Philippines),
within 60 km of the
predicted to increase to
Pyongyang/ Nampo.
HongKong/Macao
coast.
50 million in 2020 due to
Bohai Sea
(China), Hanoi,
increasing pressures of
· Has a total
Haiphong and Ho Chi
urbanization,
population of about
Minh cities (Vietnam),
industrialization, etc.
343.5 million.
Bangkok (Thailand),
Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia), Singapore
and Brunei
Security
·
The economic, political
and environmental
importance of South
China Sea makes it
one of the most
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LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
contentious areas in
the world in relation to
international waters.
· The
significant
territorial disputes
among neighboring
countries related to
access to its resources
as well as
transboundary impacts
continue to be an
unresolved conflict,
heightening tension
and inhibiting regional
environmental
cooperation.
Economic
Yellow Sea
· China's coastal cities
South China Sea
· Indonesian
seas
· Supports a wide range of
· Fisheries contribution
and provinces
· While
sectoral
support a wide range
economic activities, from
to total national
(Shanghai, Zhejiang,
composition and
of economic activities
subsistence agriculture
production value in
Jiangsu, and Fujian)
contribution to GDP
from subsistence
and artisanal fisheries to
China in 1995
posted rapid increases
varies among the
agriculture and
high technology
registered 33% or $ 9
in GDP .
nations, Singapore,
artisanal fisheries to
industries. Subsistence
billion
· Agriculture remains an
Malaysia, Brunei and
high technology
farming and fishing are
Bohai Sea.
important source of
Indonesia are ranked
industries and tourism.
the major activities of
· Currently the engine of
economic growth with
ahead of China,
It plays a major role in
large numbers of people
economic development
primary industry
Thailand, Philippines,
providing food for
outside of the main urban
in North China and has
contributing 18 to 20
Vietnam and
millions of people, as
centers.
the third largest
percent to GDP,
Cambodia in terms of
well as mode of
· The coastal areas of the
economic growth
notably higher than
industrialization.
transportation and area
Sulu-Celebes Sea serve
following the Pearl and
that of Japan and
· Subsistence
farming
of exploration and
as spawning grounds for
Yangtze river deltas.
Korea.
and fishing remains the
production of minerals
the entire region and
Economic sectors
· Fisheries also forms a
major activities outside
and natural gas.
serve as a source of
include fisheries and
major sector of the
of the main urban and
· Ports of importance
livelihood for the fishing
mariculture, salt
economy and is also
industrial centres.
are Ujung Pandang
communities.
making, port
critical in providing
Fisheries, aquaculture
(Makassar),
· Other
economic
activities
development and
employment
and mariculture are
Kalianget,Surabaya,
include oil and gas
marine transport, oil
opportunities, income
among the major
Jakarta, Ariuna,
production from off shore
exploitation, tourism,
and food security.
export earners. The
Cirebon, Tegal and
areas and tourism that
mineral resources
· East China, Suzhou,
SCS is likewise the
Semarang.
contributes to both local
exploitation, agriculture
Hangzhuo, Shanghai,
second busiest
and national economy.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
183
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
and industry.
Wuxi and Nanjin have
international sea lane
· Total volume of fishery
become important
that carries more than
products exports in North
tourist destinations.
half of the world's
Sulawesi was registered
Income from tourism in
super tanker traffic.
at USD 70 million and 76
Shanghai exceeded
Gulf of Thailand
million in 1997 and 1998,
25.4 million USD in
·
The GOT used to be
respectively.
May 2004.
very productive in
fisheries but in the past
30 years, there has
been a drastic decline
in fisheries catches
mainly due to
overfishing.
· Non-living
resources
exploitation, e.g., oil
and gas production,
have replaced fisheries
since 1990.
Priority
Freshwater shortage
Highest Priority: Pollution.
Highest priority:
Highest priority: Habitat
Environmental impacts and
threats17
appears to be the most
Other severe threats
unsustainable exploitation
loss and community
threats are prioritized as
severe environmental
include Freshwater
of living resources, followed
modification, with severe
follows: 1. Unsustainable
impact followed by habitat
shortage, habitat and
by habitat loss and
levels of environmental,
exploitation of fish and other
and community
community modification,
community medication,
economic and other social living resources; 2. Habitat
modification and
unsustainable exploitation
freshwater shortage,
and community impacts.
and community modification;
unsustainable exploitation
of fish and other living
pollution and global change.
3. Pollution; 4. Freshwater
of fish and other living
resources and global
shortage; 5. Global change
resources.
change.
Freshwater
Yellow Sea
· Expansion
of
irrigation, South China Sea
· By 2002, some 98 % of · Many of the river systems
shortage
· Severe shortages in
development of
· Seasonal
shortages
freshwater
in the region have been
parts of China due to
industry and population
due to loss of forest
consumption in
extensively modified
uneven distribution of
growth have in the past
and riparian vegetation
Indonesia is
through loss of riparian
water reserves. These
been the major factors
noted in Vietnam,
agriculture-related.
vegetation and major
are further aggravated
behind increased water
Thailand, Malaysia and
Overall demand is
clearing of catchments.
by serious soil erosion,
demands.
Philippines (with
further expected to
· Total
water
withdrawals
deforestation, land
· Dam
construction
significant saline
increase to 220% to
in the region are
17 Based on five predefined GIWA concerns i.e. Freshwater shortage, Pollution, Habitat and community modification, Overexploitation of fish and other living resources, Global
change, and the results of the evaluation of severity of each of the GIWA concerns using a set of predefined criteria.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
184
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
conversion, excessive
including other projects
intrusion).
2020.
estimated at 142.49 km3
water usage for
such as the Three
· Transboundary
· Limited groundwater
mainly for agricultural
agricultural production
Gorges Dam and the
implications of
potential can meet only
purposes fol owed by
and conversion of
South-to-North Water
freshwater shortage
part of the urban and
domestic and industrial
wetlands along lake
Diversion Project is
include increased
rural needs for water
uses.
shores into rice fields,
anticipated to result in
potential for upstream/
supply, while providing
· Freshwater
shortage
has
while less pronounced
reduction in river run
downstream conflicts
irrigation water for very
caused moderate
on the Korean side of
off particularly during
(case of Malaysia and
limited areas in the
environmental impact at
the region.
the dry season.
Singapore) and
eastern parts of
present and is expected
· Modification
of
stream · Serious pollution in the
conflicts among urban
Indonesia (Wallacea
to deteriorate markedly,
flow in the major rivers
rivers in Shanghai with
and squatter groups in
and Sahul). In some
becoming severe by
has reduced the
more than 92.2% of the
China.
places,
2020.
discharge of water
river sections contain
· Surface
water
quality
overexploitation of
· Socio-economic impacts
altering the
water not acceptable
does not often meet
groundwater has led to
from freshwater shortage
environment and water
for domestic use.
WHO criteria for
intrusion of saline
in the Sulu-Celebes
quality of the Yellow
Hypoxia is a problem in
drinking water.
water.
(Sulawesi) region
Sea affecting in turn
areas adjacent to the
·
Access to improved
· From 1990 to 2020 the
include:
the marine resources
Yangtze River Estuary,
water sources in the
demand will increase
Loss/interruptions to
and coastal habitats.
with flows from various
region is acute in
by an estimated 220%.
human drinking water
· On the Chinese side,
landbased pollution
Cambodia, China,
Modification of stream
supplies particularly in
the number of polluting
sources that alters the
Vietnam and Indonesia
flow due in part to high
rural areas of the
factories in Huai River
ecosystem. ,
Gulf of Thailand
rates of sediment
Philippines; Increased
Basin has increased
· Decrease in the
·
Water is becoming
transport, has severe
costs of irrigation and
from 365 in 1996 to
availability of water and
scarce as a result of
local effects in the
alternative water
1,320 in 2002 causing
the concomitant fish
several dam reservoirs
major urban areas of
supplies, with one-third of
deterioration in nearby
productivity in river
built across most river
Java (particularly the
the Philippines population
habitats due to oxygen
basins are also caused
systems for irrigation,
north coast), and
having no secure access
depletion. On the
by the growth in water
domestic use and
agricultural/ forestry
to potable water;
Korean side, industrial
consumption for
hydroelectric
areas of Jawa,
Reduction in future use
discharges and
irrigation use and
generation.
Sumatra and South
options; Human health
agricultural run off also
industrial development.
and East Kalimantan,
impacts from lack of
caused oxygen
where major loss of
regular supply of potable
depletion resulting to
riparian vegetation and
water; Increased
mass fish kills.
deltaic wetlands has
potential for
· Overextraction
of
occurred through
upstream/downstream
groundwater for
effects of logging
conflicts, or conflicts
industrial and domestic
· Extensive modification
among urban and
uses has lowered the
of the more than 500
squatter groups. These
groundwater tables in
river basins may have
are aggravated by the
several urban centers
occurred through loss
capacity of water
in the Chinese side
of riparian vegetation,
authorities for effective
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
185
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
while on the Korean
major clearing of
enforcement.
side, overextraction
catchments resulting to
has led to saltwater
loss of soils as
intrusion.
sedimentation into
Bohai Sea
rivers and streams.
· Severe reduction of
stream flow for major
river.
· More than 30% of the
major river basins is
polluted with surface
waters below the WHO
drinking water
standards
· Large scale salt water
intrusion of coastal
aquifers.
Pollution
Yellow Sea
· Chemical
fertilizers,
South China Sea
· Water pollution is of
· Pollution from industries
· Mainly from land and
sewage and other
· Sewage
pollution;
sufficient severity to
are concentrated on
sea-based sources as
nutrients that causes
· River
sedimentation
cause massive fish
major urban centers.
well as atmospheric
coastal eutrophication,
and nutrients
kills, harvest failure in
· Agricultural
pollution
is
deposition with majority
originating from urban
·
environment impact of
aquaculture ponds and
also widespread through
of pollutants coming
centers, agricultural
suspended solid is
threats to human
leaching of fertilizers and
from industrial
run-off and
severe resulting from
health, found in
pesticides into water
wastewater, domestic
aquaculture-related
deforestation over the
virtually all populated
courses, massive loss of
sewage, coastal cities,
activities are the most
past 150 years.
and/or highly
soils following land
and agriculture and
important sources of
·
Other severe
industrialised areas of
clearing and forestry and
aquaculture areas.
pollution.
environmental issues
Indonesia.
increasing aquaculture
· An
estimated
1,500
· The main pollutants
include: Habitat loss
· Pollution of existing
practices.
million tonnes of
carried to the East
and modification,
supplies is severe in
· Food serves as the major
industrial wastewater
China Sea by the
through massive
the sub-system, both
industrial contributor of
and 200 million tonnes
Yangtze River,
deforestation and
to surface and
the total emissions of
of domestic sewage
Mingjiang and
associated siltation;
groundwater supplies.
organic water pollution.
flow into the Yellow
Jiulongjiang are COD,
conversion to
· No sewage treatment
· HABs
have
caused
Sea each year.
nutrients, petroleoum
agriculture and other
plant is available for
paralytic shellfish
· Incidence of harmful
hydrocarbons and
land uses (freshwater,
any major coastal city
poisoning in parts of the
algal blooms (HABs)
heavy metals, which
coastal and estuarine
in Indonesia and the
region.
increased as a result of
have been on the rise
habitats) and
problem is aggravated
· Environmental
impacts
eutrophication due to
in the recent years.
overexploitation and
by recent increased
from suspended solids
organic pollution,
· There were 86 HABs in
destructive fishing
intensity of rice
are severe, especially in
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
186
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
transport by shipping
2003 which is 8.6 times
practices (coastal,
cultivation and
the coastal waters of the
traffic as well as from
of that in 1993.
estuarine and marine
application of chemical
Philippines, the result of
huge discharge from
· Non-point pollution is
habitats).
fertilisers.
extensive deforestation
the Yangtze River. In
extensive and difficult
Gulf of Thailand
· Other threats include
and compounded by high
2002, a total of 79 HAB
to manage with the lack ·
Water quality has
oil spills, slowly
rates of erosion and
incidents were
of appropriate
deteriorated
degrading toxic wastes
siltation rates that are
recorded over China's
investments to treat
particularly in river
from chemical and
among the highest on
marine areas covering
pollution before it is
mouth areas where low
non-chemical
Earth.
an area exceeding
discharged.
dissolved oxygen and
industries, agricultural
· Solid wastes have
10,000 km2
high dissolved organic
run-off and the
caused moderate
· An
estimated
700,000
contents and nutrients
dumping of materials
environmental impact in
tonnes of suplhur
from domestic wastes
such as metals
the region.
dioxide is emitted per
were observed.
threaten inland and
year by coal-burning
·
Long stretches of
coastal waters.
power plants, which is
shrimp ponds lining the · Continuing
a transboundary
coastline of the GOT
deforestation, at the
source of chemical
discharge wastewater
rate of some 1.6 million
pollution in the region.
directly to the sea or
ha annually is a major
· High
sediment
nearby freshwater
contributor to
concentration has
canals or rivers.
suspended solids in
seriously affected the
·
Eutrophication in
watercourses.
nursery and spawning
coastal waters occur
areas of many
more frequently and
commercially important
the Pb and Cd
species including
concentrations in the
benthic communities.
upper layers of
· The amount of floating
sediment cores in the
solid wastes in rivers
Upper GOT are higher
and coastal waters has
than the levels 40
greatly increased and
years ago.
there are insufficient
number of sanitary
landfills ti handle solid
waste, particularly on
the Chinese side of the
region.
Bohai Sea
· High eutrophication
caused by an increase
of discharges of
nutrient-rich sewage,
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
187
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
agricultural and
industrial wastes has
resulted to frequent
occurrences of HABs.
· Agricultural run off and
industrial wastewater
discharge has resulted
to chemical pollution.
· Commercial and
recreational fishing
activities reduced by
30-50% due to
pollution impacts
Habitat and
Yellow Sea
· Coastal
development,
South China Sea
· An
estimated
80%
of
· Already
exhibits
severe
community
· More than 30% of the
including land
· Severe
habitat
Indonesia's reefs were
loss of ecosystems with
modification
areas of freshwater
reclamation, dredging
modification
highly or moderately
permanent destruction as
marshlands, lakes,
and conversion of
manifested in serious
degraded and remain
a result of the reduced
rivers, lagoons and
coastal land for industry
depletion of fisheries'
under threat from
surface area of marshes,
muddy foreshores and
and housing,
nursery grounds where
human activities. A
swamps, riparian belts
10% of rice fields have
aquaculture and
80 % of coral reefs are
comprehensive review
and forest catchments by
been lost over the past
agriculture activities,
degraded or under
of Indonesia's coral
more than 30% between
30 years due to
tourist resorts and sand
severe threat with
reefs by the
the 1850s and the 1970s.
construction of dams,
mining are major
implications on food
Indonesian Institute of
Loss of riparian
dikes and
factors in overall
security, changes in
Sciences (LIPI)
vegetation is mainly
embankments
deterioration of habitat
employment and loss
estimated that 40% of
effects of logging and
· Severe losses in the
and loss.
of income
sites were in poor
other destructive land
areas of muddy
· Water run-off due to soil ·
Reduced surface area
condition, with living
use practices
shores, salt marshes,
erosion and
of mangroves,
coral cover of less than · Human-induced
sandy beaches,
deforestation has
seagrasses beds, coral
25%. By contrast, just
fragmentation of coastal
estuaries and lagoons
increased and totals 2.5
reefs, and riparian
29% of sites were in
and marine habitats
in localised areas due
million tonnes per year.
vegetation by more
good to excellent
evident from siltation,
to erosion, mining,
· Port
development,
than 30 % in the past
condition, with coral
development and
reclamation, road
tourism and an
several decades, as a
cover of greater than
destructive fishing
construction, diking
expanding industrial
result of loss of
50%.
practices. Development
and port development.
base have all damaged
ecosystems from
· Destructive
fishing
of most ports have
· Significant losses of
the region's rocky
siltation, development
practices are the single
resulted in foreshore
seagrass beds has
coasts, particularly in
and destructive fishing
largest threat to
reclamation and channel
occurred in the Korean
Zhejiang Province.
practices..
Indonesia's reefs with
dredging, while muro-
side of the region.
· Sharp decline in
· Foreshore
reclamation
costs from fish
ami, blasting, poison
· The neritic system in
population of migrating
and channel dredging
bombing over the next
fishing and trawling has
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
188
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
terms of its ecosystem
fish in both the lake and
to support
20 years to be at least
damaged or destroyed
services, size and
the river as well as
development of ports
570 million USD.
more than 70% of coral
composition of species,
biodiversity of fish
while muro-ami,
· Overall in Indonesia,
reefs throughout the
food web, species
species due to dam
blasting and poison
somewhere between
region.
mortality and predator-
construction.
fishing damaged or
20% and 70% of
· Overfishing has caused
prey relationships have · Pollutants transported
destroyed large areas
habitats are
changes in population
been seriously
and dumped in the East
of coral reef.
considered lost, with
structures and/or
modified.
China Sea from land-
·
Local extinction noted
extinction of species
functional group
· Volume and
based sources have a
in some areas such as
occurring at one per
compositions and major
biodiversity of lakes
potential link to the
the loss of mud crabs
day
changes in ecosystem
and rivers changed
harmful algal blooms
in Rayong, loss of
services.
significantly due to
that have been
turtles and dugongs in
· Severe modification of
contamination,
damaging to the
many parts of the
habitats also occurs with
eutrophication,
fishery, aquaculture
Philippines and
changes to riverine
aquaculture practice
and people's health.
Vietnam through
habitats and their natural
and overexploitation.
habitat loss and
species compliment from
· Muddy shores greatly
exploitation, and loss
introduction. About 100
modified with
of freshwater fishes.
freshwater fish species
increased opportunistic
Gulf of Thailand
from the 3 countries are
organisms.
·
Within 30 years, the
threatened with
· Species population
mangrove cover was
extinction.
structure in estuaries
reduced by 47% due to
significantly modified
human encroachment
with increased
and shrimp farming.
dominance of HAB
· Coral
degradation
in
organisms due to
several tourist areas
damming, reduced
has occurred due to
stream flow and
dynamite fishing, boat
upstream activities.
anchoring and
· There has been a
commercial coral
replacement of
collection.
endemic with alien
species and
biodiversity
modification through
disease introduction.
Bohai Sea
· Up to or more than
30%of the areas of
critical habitats such as
freshwater marshlands,
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
189
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
wetlands, rivers, lakes,
sandy and rocky
foreshores and sand
and gravel bottoms
were lost over the past
decade.
· Population structure,
species composition
and ecosystem
functions for several
habitats.
· Salinity intrusion due to
decreased freshwater
inputs from the Yellow
Sea has modified
several coastal
ecosystems.
Unsustainable
Yellow Sea
· The most severe
South China Sea
· Levels of fishing
· About 70% of Philippine
exploitation of
· Fish stocks severely
problem for the region
·
Much of the status or
pressure within the
coral reefs are heavily
fish and other
overexploited with
at present, with the
future viability of fish
region as a whole
overfished, producing
living resources
almost all major stocks
catch per unit of effort
stocks, as in other
range from moderate
less than 5
being fully fished in the
reduced by more than
neighboring regions
to severe, providing a
tonnes/km2/year, with
mid-1970s and
40 times in last five
are summarized as
complex management
clear indications of
overfished by the
decades, while wild fish
being illegal,
challenge, with
`trophic overfishing', in
1980s.
stocks have decreased
unreported and
important linkages to
comparison with the
· .More fishing effort is
and the average fish
unregulated (IUU).
the application of
remaining 30% of reefs
required to sustain the
size has shrunk.
There are also
marine protected areas
which produce in the
same catch
Fishing effort in the
significant gaps in data
in stock replenishment.
order of 15-20
· The biomass of fish
East China Sea has
on population
· Many of the region's
tonnes/km2/year.
and invertebrates has
increased dramatically
dynamics for some
coral reef and pelagic
· There is overexploitation
declined by 40% from
since 1952 which may
fisheries.
fish have been or are
of benthic invertebrate
the early 1960s to the
be the main reason why ·
Many stocks, including
becoming chronically
fisheries as well as
early 1980s
the fishery resources
demersal reef fish,
overfished, including
pelagic species such as
· Cold-water
species
have decreased
holothurians, molluscs
major use and
sharks, tuna and bill fish.
such as the Pacific cod
considerably in the East
and crustacean stocks
increasing threat of
There is a notable
is almost extinct.
China Seas.
are considered to be
destructive techniques,
increase in pelagic
· Catches of major
· The current fishing
exploited beyond
with major loss of
fisheries in Indonesia
economic species
effort and intensity in
Maximum Sustainable
production and serious
with more than 500 boats
exceeding their
the East China Sea are
Yield (MSY), partly
adverse `cascading'
plying the Indonesian
maximum sustainable
expected to continue to
through
effects to other
waters.
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
190
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
yield levels has
increase. The analysis
overinvestment and
components of the
· Environmental impact on
occurred in all coastal
carried out for the
with encroachment of
ecosystems.
biological and genetic
areas of the region.
region predicts that its
large-scale commercial · Based on the limited
diversity is noted to be
· By-catches account for
resources will continue
operations, including
data available it can be
severe in view of the
about 30% or less of all
to be overfished despite
by foreign vessels
concluded that some of
extinctions of native
the fisheries caught
regulation and control
using long drift nets
the fisheries have
species and local stocks
· Common
destructive
mechanisms. The
into traditional/
already reached or
as a result of
fishing practices
improper management
artisanal fishing areas.
surpassed their limits.
introductions of Tilapia
include indiscriminate
of water resources,
·
Severe and
Moreover since it is
and African catfish. .
trawling, fishing with
coastal eutrophication
unsustainable
estimated that 90% of
explosives and use of
and an unsustainable
exploitation lead to
the fishery effort in
pesticides
fishery have been
reduced economic
Indonesia is carried out
Bohai Sea
identified as the most
returns and loss of
by artisanal and
· Yield of several stocks
severe issues that are
employment; resource
subsistence fishermen
drastically decreased
very much correlated
use conflicts; loss of
whose catches are not
over the past decade.
with human activities.
protected species, with
recorded government
· Indiscriminate trawling,
human health impacts.
estimates, annual
fishing with explosives
Gulf of Thailand
catches are considered
in lakes occur.
·
Development of fishery
to be gross under-
related technology and
estimates.
increasing demand for
fishery products,
among other factors,
have caused a decline
in fishery resources as
fish diversity and
abundance decrease.
·
Changes in species
and size compositions
are also observed.
Global changes
Yellow Sea
· Rise in sea level is a
South China Sea
· Stands between the
· There have been
· Sea level rise at rate of
concern mainly as this
·
The southern part of
Pacific and Indian
reported changes in the
around 1.5-2.0
relate to the economic
the marine region
Oceans and is
structure of coral reef
mm/year has been
development of
forms part of the "heat
influenced by annual
communities from
observed in the
countries bordering the
engine" of global
and inter-annual
elevated Sea Surface
southern part of the
East China sea. Effect
atmospheric
variations in sea
Temperatures (SSTs)
Yellow Sea since 1982
is likely on most
circulation, with
surface temperature
during various coral reef
but has not appeared
economical y
complex ocean-
(SST) due to a
bleaching events. In
to affect the
developed areas of
atmospheric dynamics.
reversing monsoonal
Tubbataha National Park,
biodiversity and
China that are mostly
·
Changes in sea
system.
mean live coral cover
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
species composition of
located in the lowland
surface temperature
· Changes in SST are
decreased by approx.
the aquatic life in the
fluvial plains as well as
will have slight impact
already having
19% after bleaching in
region.
the coastal areas of
on the structure of
moderate
1998,and has remained
· Due to the increased
Japan and Korea.
coral reef communities;
environmental impact
stable through 1999 to
effects of ENSO and El · It is predicted that by
· Environmental
impacts
in Sunda and
2001.
Nino, the flow volume
2006, the average sea
of global change (using
Wallacea, with
of the warm Kuroshio
levels for the coast of
the GIWA assessment)
changes in the
current has been
East China Sea will be
remain slight by 2020.
structure of coral reef
observed to increase
increased by 6-28 mm
(with uncertainties in
communities during
over the past decade
relative to 2000.
climate model
coral reef bleaching
may cause localized
predictions)
events since 1983,
changes in the
Gulf of Thailand
notably in Pulau Seribu
hydrological cycle..
·
The impacts of sea
(Sunda) and with
. Bohai Sea
level rise are difficult to
increasingly severe
· Relative sea level rise
discern due to land
and widespread impact
rate in Yellow River
subsidence in the case
since 1998.
Delta is 8 mm/year and
of Bangkok.
the sea level rise will
be 48 cm by the year
2020 leading to critical
impacts such as
frequency of storm
surges and El Nino
events
Roots Causes/barriers to progress18
· Demographic.
· Knowledge. Related to
· Economic growth has
· Knowledge. Lack of
· Governance and legal.
Increased
problems in fishery
placed high pressures
education and
The lack of stewardship
industrialization
management such as
on the environment.
awareness on ill
and the issue of property
resulted to mass
insufficient knowledge
The management of
effects of destructive
rights remain unresolved
migration and
about the maximum
the terrestrial and
fishing techniques
in most areas. Absence
increased demand for
sustainable yield (MSY)
marine environments
· Technological.
of political will and
food which has
of the fisheries
has been neglected
Materials for
stakeholder agreement to
enhanced crop farming
resource and lack of
notwithstanding
destructive fishing
restrict license numbers,
and fishing activities.
systematic monitoring
financial and social
readily available.
areas for fishing activities
Consistent decline of
and surveys of fish
stability in the
· Economic. Market
and total allowable catch
fish catches has
stocks. Inadequate
Southeast Asian
demand for export and
limits.
encouraged shift from
knowledge on the use
region. Resources
local live seafood in
· Technology. Ready
18 Root causes are identified based on the GIWA causal chain analysis that identifies issues and concerns prioritized during the assessment (ie. priority threats), their immediate and
root causes, in order to identify appropriate policy interventions.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
capture fisheries to the
of fertilizers and
exploitation is
particular has
access to improvements
uncontrolled or
traditional agricultural
significantly local and
encouraged fishermen
in technology related to
overdeveloped
practices that contribute
international market
to use unsustainable
increasing fishing effort
aquaculture.
to the increasing
demand driven.
fishing methods to
and exploiting a wider
· Knowledge. Lack of
nutrient loads in surface · Political.
Considerable
achieve maximum
range of marine habitats.
awareness on
waters.
political influence and
yield at minimum effort. · Knowledge. Lack of
environmental impacts
· Governance.
high military presence
· Governance.
awareness and
due to excessive use
Insufficient fisheries
due to territorial
Legislation and
appreciation of the
of fertilizers and
administration
disputes.
regulation has
environment and its
pesticides. Lack of
capability manifested in
· Demographic. Rapid
traditionally favored
renewable services due
public awareness on
the lack of awareness
population growth and
exploitation of coastal
in part to inadequate
the consequences of
of fisheries resource
migration to marginal
and marine resources
investments in scientific
destructive fishing
status, and the absence
lands including coastal
rather than
assessment and
practices. Insufficient
of imposition of a total
wetlands, poverty and
conservation.
management (e.g.
awareness of the
allowed catch (TAC)
limited access to other
Inadequate resources
fisheries impact to
consequences of
limit or fishing quotas;
forms of livelihood.
and capacity to
ecosystems, CPUE,
uncontrolled releases
lack of follow up with
·
Knowledge. Lack of/
develop appropriate
stock recruitment
of hatchery produced
respect to regulations
and inadequate
policy and legislation to
relationships and the life
juveniles and
that limit nutrient
education resources
address identified
history characteristics of
overexploitation of
drainage to the coastal
suitable for regional
impacts and implement
the target species and
spawning fish, in turn
waters.
communities on
existing legislation.
their role in the
affecting the genetic
· Institutional. Insufficient
sustainable
· Demographic. Poverty
ecosystem, `synecology'
diversity of wild stocks.
resources (equipment,
environmental
and population growth
of the fisheries as well as
· Technology. Poor
personnel, training) and
management practices,
and their subsistence
the lack of field data.
system for crop
inadequate al ocation of
climate change,
activities pushes many
· Economic.
The presence
irrigation which led to
financial resources for
sustainable exploitation
coastal resources
of ready available market
inefficient use of the
environmental
of marine resources,
beyond their
for seafood encouraging
stream waters. Easy
protection.
management of
sustainable limits.
maximum yield with
access to improved
· Economic. Lack of
terrestrial soils and
minimum effort.
fishing technologies
other viable livelihood
vegetation and proper
· Demographic related to
has encourage efficient
opportunities for most
disposal of garbage.
population growth and
and destructive fishing
fishermen and lack of
·
Governance. Lack of
poverty that
practices and
training.
political will and
increased number of
· Demographic. Coastal
generally ineffective
fishing fleets.
eutrophication and its
fisheries legislation and
Unsustainable use of
positive correlation with
enforcement. Poor
living resources due to
increase in population
management practices
Increased development
and urbanization.and
due to political
of aquaculture that
as a result of the effort
structures dominated
were propel ed by easy
to reduce off shore fish
by hierarchy and
access to improved or
catch in recent years
patronage encouraging
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
new aquaculture
and the subsequent
for instance control of
technologies.
increase in mariculture
commercial fisheries
· Economic. Increased
production.
by operators
economic growth has
· Socio-cultural. Current
changed the economic
practice of directly
structure leading to
discharging without
rapid industrial
proper treatment to
development and
reduce costs to industry
urbanization.
and lack of capacity;
· Legal. Lack of or
removal of vegetation
insufficient regulations,
from coastal wetlands
policy or enforcement
for mariculture.
mechanism.
· Legal. No appropriate
laws and regulations
and lack of
enforcement of national
environmental
legislation.
Institutional, sectoral and policy context: capacity and policy gaps/Recommended policy options19
· Adoption of policies,
· Establishment
of
a
Development and
· Better integration of
· Direct
on-the-ground
laws, regulations and
regulatory framework in expansion of:
local - provincial -
community-based
enforcement
the region and
· Institutional
and
national laws and
conservation programs,
mechanisms
improvements in
capacity-building,
regulations, to
particularly focused on
· Introduction of green
compliance through
including establishment
maximize effectiveness
improving management
production
stakeholder
of inter-governmental
of the legislative
of and further
technologies
involvement;
mechanisms;
instruments to control
development of protected
· Integration of river
· Investment in legal
· Information, education
destructive fishing at
areas, including AIG for
basin management
enforcement and an
and communication
local - national levels,
locals, linked with:
· Adoption of public
increase in capacity
networks;
and meet obligations
- Assessment programs
awareness campaign
building to remedy
· Functional,
integrated
under international
for identification of critical
and stakeholder
pollution and habitat
network of marine
conventions and
areas for biodiversity
participation programs
loss;
protected areas
treaties.
(e.g. through government
· Development of small,
· Creation of education
founded in focused,
· Improved
surveillance,
agencies and NGOs;
rural-oriented urban
programs to improve
applied research;
enforcement and
- Training programs to
centers in rural areas
public awareness and
· Alternative,
sustainable effective policing of
build additional long-term
to cope with population
participation in actions;
livelihoods for poor
laws to reduce the
capacity among
migration
· Improvement
in
coastal populations;
illegal fi shing
government, NGOs, and
· Finding alternative
practices, including
communities;
19 Policy options and strategic action programs were formulated to address root causes of identified environmental issues.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
energy sources to
opportunities for
· Bio-physical
development and
- Multi-lateral integration
reduce the use of
increasing revenue and
(biodiversity) and
effective
to maximize
petroleum
employment from
socio-economic
implementation of
effectiveness of
· Training programs on
environmental
research focused on
export quotas, catch
obligations under
sustainable
protection industries;
improving
and fish size limits.
international conventions
aquaculture production
· Enactment of legislation
management
· Ongoing
and
and treaties (e.g., CBD,
technology, and
and international
effectiveness and
expanded community
WHA, UNCLOS,
relocation programs for
agreements to reduce
efficiency.
education programs.
MARPOL, Ramsar,
traditional fisherment
pollution from land-
Key strategic actions
· Improved incomes for
PEMSEA)
· Alternative livelihood
based activities.
include:
fishermen through
On expansion and improved
programs to reduce
Overexploitation of living
·
Prioritize key data and
generation of
management of protected
fisheries capacity.
resources in the East
information required for
ecologically viable
areas
Freshwater shortage:
China Seas
developing and refining
alternative/additional
· Review the current
· Implementation
of
·
International
policy, legislation and
income (ecologically-
administrative
relevant irrigation
cooperation among
interventions;
sustainable
frameworks and design
system(s) within the
Japan, Korea, and
· Build
and
expand
mariculture).
strategies to resolve
framework of
China on a new
partnerships at local,
· Development
of
overlapping legal
integrated river basin
fisheries order in the
provincial, national and
alternative legal supply
authority and jurisdiction
management programs
Northeast Asian seas,
multilateral levels, in
lines for live fish,
in MPAs;
for crop production;
in areas of expanding
government, NGOs,
particularly through
· Retain f exibility in
· Implementation
of
seasonal fishing bans
and the private sector,
mariculture, with
management approach,
integrated forest
and structured bans.
in Research and
increased supply of
recognising the value of
management practices
· Promote
sustainable
Development and
such maricultured
co-management through
for sustainable
fishing industry through
implementation;
species to supplement
small-scale local,
management of forest
integrated planning and · Ensure
equitability
and
reductions in wild-
community-based
resources;
policy making with
ecological and
caught stocks.
approaches and larger
· Implementation
of
significant role for
economic sustainability · Engagement of the live
scale internationally-
integrated land
strategic, sectoral or
in future resource
food and aquarium fish
supported management
management and
regionally integrated
exploitation, including
industries in the
initiatives (see Annexes
integrated coastal
environmental
protection of
management process
IX and X);
management programs
assessments as an
intellectual property
such as strategies like
· Design and foster
to cope with the
input to the planning
and traditional
the Marine Aquarium
implementation of a
occurrence of natural
process.
knowledge;
Council certification-
system whereby each
disasters;
Eutrophication in East
· Gather
responsible
accreditation system.
municipality or village
· Encourage
public
China Seas
fisheries authorities
· Expand research and
(e.g. Barangay in the
participation in the
· Implementation of a
together with expertise
development to `close'
Philippines) is
planning and
regional monitoring
from national and
the reproductive cycles
empowered to assist in
implementation of
system for coastal
international academic
of the key mariculture
the management of (or
development activities
eutrophication through
and research
species in captivity,
manage) the local MPA;
associated with forest
establishment of an
institutions to
and to develop
· Encourage government
management.
agreement between
adequately assess the
ecologically
and private sector to
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
· Address Insufficient
neighbouring countries
state of fisheries in
sustainable food
carry out integrated
investment in facilities
(Japan, Korea and
territorial waters;
sources for mariculture
coastal zone planning
for pollution prevention
China), registration and
· Develop
regional
species, with
and management
and wastewater
monitoring of pollution
agreements on
opportunities for
(including watersheds),
treatment through
sources, environmental
providing MPAs within
increased regional
and incorporate
promotion of market
assessment of pollution
territorial waters to help
collaboration.
protection of critical land
incentive systems;
impacts and selection
ease the pressure on
· Major expansion of the
areas within the parks or
· Enhancement of laws
of indicator species for
sites that are heavily
MPA network, with
as buffer zones;
and enforcement
marine water quality.
overfished;
improved
· Work
through
ASEAN
mechanisms related to
· Organisation
of
an
· Develop
national
management, including
and other multilateral,
pollution prevention
institutional network in
coastal management
major focus on
international agencies to
and wastewater
the field of marine
plans to underpin these
community co
develop joint programs,
treatment practices.
water quality to provide
regional MPA
management, with
including innovative
· Development and
an assessment of
agreements
development of `no-
sources of funding,
implementation of
eutrophication-related
·
Promote a united call
take' zones, and
including development of:
educational and public
issues, e.g. effects on
to establish a regional
protection of spawning
- Clear written policy in
awareness campaign
ecosystems and
database and
aggregation sites.
support of site-specific
programs for good
biodiversity, including a
monitoring that allows
· Development
of
a
co-management of
agricultural practices.
network for the
for periodic
functional MPA
national parks and other
· Development and
systematic observation
assessments of key
network based on an
protected areas in
implementation of
of coastal waters
coastal ecosystems;
ecosystem framework
Indonesia with expressed
stakeholders
· Definition of a financial
·
Ban further conversion
and establishment of
support and clear
participation and
mechanism for
of wetlands, estuaries
`no-take' replenishment
delineation of
consultation programs
monitoring activities
and mangroves into
zones, with the
responsibility to all
in association with
that allows for
man-made facilities;
development of policy
national park directors to
environmental
intercomparision of
·
Establish protocols to
and legal frameworks
develop flexible co-
management.
monitoring results and
assist national
and including improved
management structures.
Habitat and community
establishment of a joint
environment ministries
understanding of the
- Relevant conservation
modification
consultation board,
to to determine
population biology of
user fees policies
· Development and
Habitat and community
carrying capacities of
the target species,
assessed and revised by
enforcement of suitable
modification.
estuaries for extensive
synecology and issues
the Ministry of Forestry
laws and regulations to · Public awareness on
and intensive
of ecological scale and
and Ministry of Finance in
promote good
the health of the
aquaculture facilities
connectivity in relation
order to clearly support
practices in agriculture
ecosystem
(e.g. through
to replenishment (e.g.
local self-financing for
and to restrict the
· Participation, shared
SEAFDEC);
CPUE, traditional
conservation
introduction of alien
responsibility and
·
Provide concrete
knowledge).
and invasive species
decisionmaking in
mechanisms to engage
for aquaculture.
areas such as
IRRI and FAO to
· Creation and
integrated coastal
provide organic
implementation of
management
farming protocols for
public awareness
adoption by small-
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
campaign and
scale farmers and
education programs on
multi-national food
good practices in
companies to address
agriculture, on
impacts caused by
recognising the
nutrient loading from
environmental impact
agriculture;
of introducing exotic
and invasive species
for aquaculture, on
agriculture production
technologies that
minimize the use of
fertilizers.
· Strengthening
the
enforcement of policies
and laws for pollution
prevention and
wastewater treatment
facilities, exploration
and exploitation of oil
and mineral resources,
and conversion of
coastal wetlands for
industrial uses.
Unsustainable exploitation
of living resources
· Development
of
relevant policy and
legal framework to
restrict the practice of
destructive fishing
methods.
· Development and
implementation of
alternative livelihood
programs to reduce the
entry of excessive
number of fishermen
into the fishing
industry.
· Development and
Project Document for the GEF/UNDP Project on the
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
LMEs
Yellow Sea and Bohai
East China Sea
South China Sea and Gulf
Indonesian Seas
Sulu-Celebes Seas
Sea
of Thailand
promotion of
sustainable fisheries
and aquaculture
production methods to
enhance fisheries
production to meet
market demand for
seafood.
· Development and
implementation of
policy and law
enforcement
mechanisms to restrict
destructive fishing
practices.
Sources:
1) UNEP 2005. Teng, S.K., Yu, H., Tang, Y., Tong, L., Choi, C.I., Kang, D., Liu, H., Chun, Y., Juliano, R.O., Rautalahti-Miettinen, E. and D. Daler. Yellow Sea,
GIWA Regional assessment 34. University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.
2) UNEP 2005. Qu, J., Xu, Z., Long, Q., Wang, L., Shen, X., Zhang, J. and Y. Cai. East China Sea, GIWA Regional assessment 36. University of Kalmar, Kalmar,
Sweden.
3) UNEP 2005. Wilkinson, C., Devantier, L., Talaue-McManus, L., Lawrence, D. and D. Souter. South China Sea, GIWA Regional assessment 54. University of
Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.
4) UNEP 2005. Devantier, L., Winkinson, C., Souter, D. South, R., Skelton, P. and D. Lawrence. Sulu-Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea, GIWA Regional assessment 56.
University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.
5) UNEP 2005. Devantier, L., Wilkinson, C., Lawrence, D. and D. Souter (eds.). Indonesian Seas, GIWA Regional assessment 57. University of Kalmar, Kalmar,
Sweden.
6) Hungspreugs, M., W. Utoomprurkporn and C. Nitithamyong. 2000. The Gulf of Thailand. In C Sheppard (Ed.), Seas at the Millennium an Environmental
Evaluation. Volume II, , p. 297-308. Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, U.K.
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ANNEX 9: TERMS OF REFERENCE
OF KEY PROJECT STAFF AND MAIN COMPONENTS
To be completed upon approval of the Project Document by GEF Council,
prior to request for CEO endorsement.
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 10: STAP ROSTER TECHNICAL REVIEW
Attached to the GEF Project Executive Summary
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 11: LETTERS OF CO-FINANCING COMMITMENT
Attached to the GEF Project Executive Summary
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia
ANNEX 12: LETTERS OF ENDORSEMENT FROM
GEF OPERATING FOCAL AGENCIES
Attached to the GEF Project Executive Summary
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Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia