GUINEA CURRENT LARGE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM PROJECT
REPORT OF THE SHIP-BOARD TRAINING ON
MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING TECHNIQUES
LAGOS, NIGERIA, 4-9 SEPTEMBER 2006
Organized by the UNIDO-GCLME Project in Collaboration with the Nigerian Institute for
Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3
2. OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................................3
3. OPENING.........................................................................................................................................3
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS......................................................................................................4
5. TRAINING SESSIONS....................................................................................................................5
5.1 Organisation of the Sessions..................................................................................................5
5.2 Onboard Training...................................................................................................................5
5.3 Laboratory-based Training.....................................................................................................5
6. RESULTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS..........6
7. OUTPUT...........................................................................................................................................6
8. CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................................................6
9. CLOSING.........................................................................................................................................8
Annex 1 Programme..............................................................................................................................10
Annex 2 List of Participants...................................................................................................................11
Annex 3 Speeches...................................................................................................................................15
Annex 4 Summary of Selected Results of the Physical and Chemical Oceanographic Measurements.21
Table 1: Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters at Sampling Locations in the Gulf of
Guinea............................................................................................................................21
Table 2: Results of Nutrients level in Gulf of Guinea Waters.......................................................22
Table 3: Results of Nutrients level in Gulf of Guinea Sediment...................................................22
Table 4: Concentration of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments Collected at Different Locations
in the Gulf of Guinea LME............................................................................................18
Table 5: Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Samples from Nigerian Trawling Grounds......24
Table 6: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples ng/l..............................25
Table 7: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediment Samples µg/kg......................25
Table 8: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish Samples µg/kg fresh weight.........26
Table 9: Concentration of PCBs in Water Samples ng/l...............................................................27
Table 10: Concentration of PCBs in Sediment Samples µg/kg.....................................................27
Table 11: Concentration of PCBs in Fish Samples µg/kg.............................................................27
Table 12: Concentration of PAHs in Water Samples ng/l.............................................................28
Table 13: Concentration of PAHs in Sediment Samples µg/kg....................................................28
Table 14: Concentration of PAHs in Fish Samples µg/kg............................................................28
Table 15: Bacterial count per milliliter of fish sample..................................................................29
Table 16: Bacterial flora of fish body swab and gill swab............................................................29
Table 17: Bacterial count/ml of sediment......................................................................................29
Table 18: Distribution of the bacterial/fungal genera encountered in the study............................29
Table 19: Total coliform count of the different study locations....................................................29
Table 20: Species abundance, number, diversity, richness and other sediment characteristics
observed per station.......................................................................................................30
2
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Ship-board Training on Marine Pollution Monitoring Techniques was conducted by the Guinea
Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) Project in collaboration with the Nigerian Institute for
Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), from 49 September 2006.
A safety briefing session was held on 03 September 2006, to acquaint participants with safety
measures and requirements onboard the survey vessel and in the laboratories for the duration of the
training period.
The main goal of the training was to build the capacity of scientists in the GCLME region to
undertake routine marine pollution monitoring for purposes of marine pollution prevention and
control.
A total of 38 Scientists from the GCLME member countries took part in the training exercise.
2.
OBJECTIVES
1. To acquaint participants with practical knowledge on environmental monitoring in the
marine environment.
2. To provide ship-board training on physical and chemical oceanographic measurements and
sampling procedures at sea.
3. To demonstrate and provide hands-on training on sampling protocol (sample handling, chain
of custody, etc.,) and chemical analysis of contaminants and nutrients in seawater.
4. To acquaint participants with knowledge on biological and microbiological sampling for
benthos and pathogens respectively.
5. To acquaint participants with methodologies, computation /data analysis and inferences from
results.
3.
OPENING
The Opening ceremony was chaired by Mr. Philip Amiengheme of the Federal Department of
Fisheries, Abuja who represented the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Alhaji
3
Adamu Bello. He was supported by the Chairman of the Governing Board of NIOMR, Dr. (Mrs.)
Christy Silas.
Dignitaries in attendance included the representative of the Chief of Naval Staff, Rear Admiral I.Y.
Ibrahim; the representative of the Nigerian Navy Hydrographer, Commander Mike Omobuwajo; the
representative of the Nigerian Navy Hydrographic Society, Commander O. S. Omitokun; Mr.
Thomas Kunjummen, the Managing Director of Honeywell Fisheries; Otunba Nathaniel Fadayomi,
the Managing Director of FISESCO; Dr. Peter Nwilo, the Coordinator of the GCLME-UNILAG
Centre for Environmental Information Management and Decision Support System (EIMS); Dr. T.O
Ajayi, and the Management Staff of NIOMR.
The Opening was immediately followed by the Flag- off Ceremony at the Nigerian Naval Dockyard
on Victoria Island.
4.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The trainees were guided by a comprehensive training manual titled `Ship-board Training Manual -
a Training Manual for Ship-board Coastal and Marine Oceanographic Survey and Associated
Laboratory Work', specifically designed for the course and in line with the Marine Pollution
Monitoring Manual validated in Accra, Ghana in April, 2006 for use in the GCLME region. This
guided the facilitators and trainees in the conduct of the field and laboratory-based work.
The schedule of sea trips for trainees is as shown in Annex 1. The general notes on sampling at sea,
procedures in water sampling, and protocols on specific methodologies were thoroughly explained
to acquaint the trainees with the theoretical background and practical applications.
The laboratory sessions examined field samples for analysis on the following: physico-chemistry of
water and sediments; nutrients; heavy metals in bottom sediments and fish samples; organochlorine
compounds metabolites and polyaromatic hydrocarbons; fish, sediment and water microbiology;
sediment characteristics; and benthos.
4
5.
TRAINING SESSIONS
5.1 Organisation of the Sessions
Participants were divided into two Groups for the sea / onboard hands-on training and six sub-
Groups for the laboratory training on methodologies and computation of results.
Samples which were not completely analyzed during the training period were to be examined by the
facilitators of each sub-Group from 11-15 September 2006 and reported in the final Technical
Report of the Workshop. Sub samples were also taken by participants from Cote d'Ivoire for
analysis in their country, in promotion of the inter-calibration exercise involving laboratories in the
GCLME region.
5.2 Onboard Training
This included acquisition of samples and oceanographic data pertinent to marine pollution
monitoring and research, i.e. in situ measurements of water column parameters using Hydrolab
"Reporter" Water Quality Multi-probe; Horiba U-10 Water Quality Checker; and deep-sea
Reversing Thermometer.
Other onboard activities included the following:
1. Collection of bottom sediment samples (using a van Veen grab).
2. Sieving of bottom sediment for benthos.
3. Measurement of water transparency using a Secchi disc.
4. Collection and fixing of water samples for subsequent analysis by Winkler's titration
method.
5. Collection of water samples for heavy metal analyses (acidified to pH 1.5).
6. Collection of water samples for organic analyses.
7. Collection of water and sediment samples in sterilized containers for microbiological
analyses.
5.3 Laboratory based Training
This included analysis of water, sediment and fish samples for analytes of interest e.g. heavy metals,
nutrients, hydrocarbons, microbiological organisms, and examination of sediments and benthic
organisms from samples obtained during the sea trips in the Gulf of Guinea.
5
The six laboratory sub-Groups worked on the following areas:
1. Physico-chemistry measurements of temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen,
alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, etc.
2. Nutrients analysis phosphates, nitrate-NO2, silicate, etc.
3. Hydrocarbon analysis by gas chromatography using a GC 5890 series II FID-ECD.
4. Heavy metal determination using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomete.;
5. Benthos identification using taxonomic keys and relevant literature.
6. Sediment analysis for sand and silt/clay fractions and particle size grading where
necessary.
Each sub-Groups examined samples collected during the sea trips and obtained results from which
inferences on the pollution status of coastal waters off Lagos were made.
6.
RESULTS
OF
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC
MEASUREMENTS
Refer to Annex 3 for the summary of selected results.
7.
OUTPUT
1. Participants trained in methodology and strategies for marine ecosystem monitoring.
2. A greater understanding of methodologies and strategies for monitoring in marine
ecosystem, that will aid the in design and implementation of future marine environmental
management project, gained by participants.
3. Marine Pollution Monitoring and Evaluation Manual improved and completed.
8.
CONCLUSIONS
Organics, Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and Polyaromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs): 15 samples each of water, sediment and fish from Nigeria's coastal waters,
were analyzed during the workshop cruise for concentrations of organochlorine compounds,
metabolites and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. 15 sediment, water and fish samples were analyzed for
20 chloropesticides and related residues, 11 PCBs and 12 PAHs. The OCPs in the water, sediment
and fish samples ranged between 1.54ng/l and 73.48 ng/l, 4.48µg/kg and 68.63 µg/kg, 47.72 and
70.10 µg/kg respectively. The PCBs in the water, sediment and fish samples ranged between 2.45-
6
4.49 ng/l, 12.63 and 17.32 µg/kg, 0.35 and 1.25µg/kg respectively. For the PAHs in water,
sediment and fish the ranges were between 35.30 and 154 ng/l, 54.94µg/kg and 101.70µg/kg, 5.65
µg/kg and 13.99 µg/kg. The concentrations of Endosulfan sulfate and Endrin Ketone were the most
prominent OCPs observed. PCBs (PCB congeners 153, 138, 180) were very prominent and there
was no discernable pattern in the case of PAHs. The concentration of PAHs was highest in the
matrices followed by organoclorine pesticides and finally PCBs. The sequence of occurrence is
PAHs>OCPs>PCBs. This ranking suggests greatest anthropogenic effects of petroleum exploration
and exploitation followed by agriculture and lastly industry.
Microbiology: The microbial load encountered in both the fish and sediment samples were within
acceptable limits. The wide range of bacterial/fungal genera encountered in the various locations is
typical of the environment.
Benthos: The contribution of the benthic ecology in pollution studies cannot be over emphasized. It
is a useful tool in the understanding of the biological environment (diversity) and processes. The
benthos, by the virtue of the habitat they live in, receive `rain showers' of anthropogenic impacts of
various types and from various sources. Many species are sessile and those that are even mobile are
limited in distribution because they are sediment specific. Therefore, changes in the environment
may mark and manifest on their diversity and relative abundance.
Environmental Mnitoring and Techniques: The Ship-board Training on Marine Pollution
Monitoring Techniques exposed the trainees to technical developments and data arising from
environmental monitoring and assessment; the use of scientific principles in the design of
monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales; and the use of monitoring data in
assessing the consequences of natural resource abuse and mismanagement.
The scope of the exercise focused on the use of monitoring in pollution assessment, and particular
emphasis was given to the synthesis of monitoring data with toxicological, epidemiological and
health data. The approach should assist trainees to develop the tools necessary to monitor and assess
the status and trends of national ecological resources. It would also allow trainees to develop the
scientific understanding for translating environmental monitoring data from multiple spatial and
7
temporal scales into assessments of current ecological condition and forecasts of future risks to our
natural resources.
The training also aimed at advancing the science of ecological monitoring and ecological risk
assessment, guiding national monitoring with improved scientific understanding of ecosystem
integrity and dynamics, and demonstrating multi-agency monitoring through large regional projects.
Trainees learnt that the results from the monitoring could, among other things, be used for:
1. Feedback on national regulations.
2. Early warning of aggravation of the environmental situation.
3. The development of forecasts for the expected environmental condition.
4. Verification of models for calculating the environmental risk as a function of the existing
and expected discharges / input into the marine environment.
5. Verification of laboratory-based research to increase the knowledge of possible
environmental impacts of discharges / inputs to the marine environment.
6. Evaluation of the risk for environmental damage and ecological effects.
In addition, the exercise will secure a standardized performance of environmental monitoring
surveys in the GCLME in ensuring comparable results from one year to another, and between
different countries, using the same monitoring techniques. This will become increasingly important
in view of the growing problems caused by environmental pollution as countries in the region
become industrialized. There is therefore a justified interest in finding appropriate methods for
monitoring the environment and detecting the level of environmental pollution. Consequently, the
inherent limitations imposed on the information yielded by individual measurements of physical and
chemical parameters, as well as practical difficulties associated with performing them, will indicate
a need for periodic national and regional workshops and trainings, aimed at equipping researchers,
and personnel involved in monitoring exercises, with the best techniques and approaches to marine
pollution monitoring.
9.
CLOSING
The training Workshop was concluded at an interactive session on Saturday 09 September, 2006
during which participants freely discussed various aspects of the ship-board and laboratory
exercises.
8
The feedback from the trainees provided insights into the comprehension of the monitoring
techniques and country specific requirements for translation of the knowledge and skills acquired for
monitoring programs in the GCLME countries.
Certificates of Participation were presented to all the trainees for attendance and active involvement
in the training exercise.
After brief closing remarks by the C.E.O. of NIOMR, Dr. B. I. O. Ezenwa, the Course Co-ordinator,
Dr. Emmanuel Ajao, delivered a vote of thanks and wished all participants safe journeys to their
respective countries.
9
Annex 1
Programme
Time Sunday Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
08.00
Registratio
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
09.00
n
Monitoring Monitoring
Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring
of
G.1
G.1
G.2
G.2
G.2
09-00
participants Laboratory Laboratory
Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
-
Opening
Work G.2
Work G.2
Work G.1
Work G.1
Work G.1
10.00
Ceremony
10-00
10.30
Coffee/Tea Break
Arrival of
Flag off
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
10.30
participants Research
Monitoring Monitoring
Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring
12.30
Vessel
G.1
G.1
G.2
G.2
G.2
Laboratory Laboratory
Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
Work G.2
Work G.2
Work G.1
Work G.1
Work G.1
12.30
13.30
Lunch
13.30-
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
15.30
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Evaluation of
G.1
G.1
G.1
G.2
G.2
the training
Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
Laboratory
Laboratory
Work G. 2
Work G. 2
Work G. 2
Work G. 1
Work G. 1
15.30-
16.00
Coffee/Tea Break
16.00
Objective/
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
Closing
18.00
Safety
Monitoring
Monitoring Monitoring
Monitoring Monitoring Ceremony
briefing
G.1
G.1
G.1
G.2
G.2
Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory
Laboratory Laboratory
Work G. 2
Work G. 2
Work G. 2
Work G. 1
Work G. 1
18.00
Adjournment
10
Annex 2
List of Participants
Countries
Angola
Benin
Mr. Bomba-Bazika Sangolay
Mlle Etiennette Florence Dassi
Head of Environment and Health of Aquatic
Environnementaliste en Service à la Direction de
Ecosystems
l'Environnement
Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Pesqueira (INIP)
E-mail: etiennetted@yahoo.fr
Rua Murtala Mohamed, ILHA de Luanda, CP 2601
Tel: 244 309077
M. Georges Degbe
Cell: 244 923710057
Océanographe
Fax: 244 309731
Centre de Recherches Halieutiques et
Email: bbsangs@gmail.com or
Océanologiques (CRHOB)
bbsangs@hotmail.com
E-mail: gdegbe@yahoo.fr
Cameroon
Congo
Tatkeu Jean Georges
Atsango Benoît Claude
Tatkeu Jean Georges
Chef de service de l'hydrobiologie
S/C M Yangoua Rigobert
Direction Générale des Pêches
BP 3748 Douala
BP 1650, Brazzaville Congo
Tel: 237 222 11 06; 775 17 82
Tel: 242 5369793
E-mail: gtatkeu@yahoo.fr
Email: atsangoclaude@yahoo.fr
Zaboya Dama Adeje Judith
Samba Jean
Tel: 562. 33. 65
Chef de service de l'aménagement
E-mail: Zaboyadele2006@yahoo.fr Direction Générale des Pêches
BP 1650
Brazzaville Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Tel: 242 5262549
Email: shillersamba@yahoo.fr
M. Bouho Kouacou Jérome
Métaux lourds et des Parmètres Physico chimiques
Democratic Republic of Congo
Centre Ivoirien Antipollution (CIAPOL)
Ministère d'Etat, Ministère de l'Environnement
Mr Beya - Dibue Jean Pierre
01 BP 650 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
Chef des Travaux - Assistant à l'Université
Tel: 225 20 37 18 35
Pédagogique de Kinshasa
Fax: 225 20 37 65 00
Email: lareplame@yahoo.fr
Email: ciapolvae@globeaccess.net
Mrs. Marie-Rose Mukonkole-Mayele
M. Yao Koffi Marcelin-
15, Av. des Cliniques Kinshasa/Gombe
Chimiste, Centre de Recherches Océanologiques
B.P. 3819 Kinshasha, RDC
Département Environnement
Tel: 243 99 54 226
B.P. V 18 Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Fax: 243 88 43 675/ (243) 88 04 603
Téléphone: 225 21-35-50-14/ 21-35-58-80
Email: mayelerose@yahoo.fr
Fax: 225 21-35-11-55
E-mail: soro_bernard@hotmail.com
11
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Pedro Malavo Nsene
M. Kassa M'voubou Felician
Ingénieur des Techniques,
BP 6987 Libreville Gabon
Ministère de la Pêche et de l'Environnement.
Tel:241 763172 / 07 77 24 35
République de Guinée Equatoriale
Email: Kasavubu2005@yahoo.fr
Tel: 240-259037
E-mail: pmalavo@hotmail.com
Ghana
Guinea
Dr. Elvis Nyarko
Thierno Moussa Diallo
Department of Oceanography & Fisheries
Chimiste, Chef de Service Contrôle et Analyse
University of Ghana, Legon.
des polluants marins et côtiers au Centre National
Cell: 233 24 - 2101445
de Protection Environnemental du Milieu Marin et
Email: enyarko@ug.edu.gh
des Zones Côtières du Ministère de
l'Environnement,
Ms. Adelina Mensah
BP: 3118 Conakry, République de Guinée.
Department of Oceanography & Fisheries,
Tel: 224 60 58 90 62
University of Ghana Cell: 233 0244481018
E-mail: ouldada2003@yahoo.fr
Email: ammensah@ug.edu.gh
Guinea Bissau
Mr. Kwaku Duah-Yentumi
Intern, GCLME Project. No. 1, Akosombo Rd,
Mr. Inluta Incom
Airport Res. Area, PMB CT 324, Accra, Ghana
Centre de Recherche Halieutique Appliquée
Cell: 233-244-872 549
Centro de investigacao Pesqueira Aplicada
Email: kduah_yentumi@yahoo.co.uk
Investigador de Pesca
Tel. 7201847 Cp. 102 Bissau
Mrs. Joyce Sika Twum
E-mail: udalyou@hotmail.com/ udalho@yahoo.fr
Self Search Ghana Ltd, Accra Ghana
Tel: 233-243 153032 / 21 774898
Email: joypee2002@yahoo.co.uk
Liberia
Mr. Saye H. Gwaikole
Nigeria
Director, Liberian Hydrological Service
Ministry of Lands, Mines & Energy, Monrovia,
Mr Onyekachi Odimukon
Liberia
Chemistry Department, University of Uyo, Akwa
Cell : 231 6 558215
Ibom State
Email : shgwaikolo@yahoo.com
Email: oodikachi@yahoo.com
Mr. Varney L Conneh
Mr Ewaen Agbonwaneten D.I.
Environmental Protection Agency
Marine Biologist, Department of Fisheries
P. O. Box 4024, Monrovia
Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Abuja
Tel : (231) 6531029 6511387
Tel: 234 08038330227
Email: clvarney68@yahoo.com
Email: ewaenid@yahoo.com
Dr. L. O. Chukwu
Dr.Henry Ikechukwu
Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos
Institute of Oceanography
Akoka, Yaba, Lagos
University of Calabar, Cross River State
Tel: 234-1-7751552 / 234-803-3074104
Email: h.ike@ioc_unical.org
Email: obinnakunilag@yahoo.com
12
Nigeria
Nigeria
Aharaumunna Chimezie
Onyiaocha Gloria
GCLME Pollution and Ecosystem Health
Federal College of Fisheries & Marine Tech.,
Centre, Owerri, Imo State
Victoria Island, Lagos
Tel: 234 08052556886
Amaugo Sampson
Imo State Environmental Protection Agency, Prefab Mamukuyomi Idris
Owerri,
Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos,
Imo State
Lagos
Email: isepaunido_org@yahoo.com
Tel: 234 08033935639
Email: idrisoxy@yahoo.com
Abayomi A. Akeem
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Lagos
Nwankwo Hilary
Tel: 234 8052264400
Dept of Marine Sciences
Email: anthuma@yahoo.com
University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
Tel: 234 08055461798
Onyedikachi Odumuko
Email: larry44u@yahoo.com
University of Uyo, Dept. of Chemistry
PG School, Uyo, A/K State
Dr. Ewa Obodo Ita
Tel:234 08038472316
Ministry of Environment
Email: kachimoore2002@yahoo.co.uk
Uyo Complex, Uyo, Akwa Ubom State
Tel: 234 08035526970
Alani Rose
Email: ceuesntemal2000@yahoo.com
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Lagos
Tel: 234-8023828116
Kehinde Olayinka
Email: rosealanito@yahoo.com
Chemistry Dept.
University of Lagos
Temilola Oluseyi
Tel: 234 08023204841
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Lagos
Email: keolayi2000@yahoo.com.
Tel: 234-805 3250287
Email: temajib@yahoo.com
Sao Tome et Principe
Togo
Mme. Antónia dos Santos Neto
M. Gnon B. Baba
Cadre du Centre d'Investigation Agronomique et
Maître de Conférences
Técnologique (CIAT) CIAT-STP B.P. 375
GTVD (laboratoire de Gestion Traitement
Tel: 239 223 342 / Cell: 239 91 31 83
Valorisation
Fax: 223 343
des Déchets)
Email: ciastp@cstome.net
Département de Chimie
Faculté des Sciences; Université de Lomé (Togo)
Sierra Leone
Work B.P. 1515 Lomé Togo
Tél: 228 225 50 94
Mr. Edwin Baimba
Fax: 228 221 85 95
Senior Environment Officer in the Environment
Protection Department
Mr. Volley Koffi
Director of Environment
Biologiste Environnementaliste à la Direction de
Ministry of Lands, Country Planning And the
l'Environnement,
Environment Youyi Building 3rd Floor, Freetown.
Tel: 228 221.33.21/932.40.88,
Tel: 232 22 240367/23276630784
E-mail: kofivole@yahoo.fr
Fax: 232-22-235013/240355
Email: jususyril@yahoo.com
13
NIOMR
J. P. Uyinmadu
J. I. Adeniyi
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography & Marine
Tel: 234 8024019759
Research
PMB 12729, Lagos, Nigeria
M. B. Williams
Tel: 234 8023033439
Tel: 234 8023441039
Ugo Udochu
Pepple Peace
Tel: 234 8027180133
Tel: 234 08023107629
Email: ugoudochu@yahoo.com.
Email: pepple2k@yahoo.co.uk
Nubi Olubunmi A.
S. B. Adeniyi
Tel: 234 8052072476
Tel: 234 8035702227
Email: oanubi@yahoo.com
Fred Egbe
Chinyere Imo
Tel: 234 8055074331
Tel: 234 8060321931
C. U. Oraegbu
J. E. Adekanye
Tel: 234 8033737495
Tel: 234 8055030571
Emmanuel Oyewo
Priscilla Iwuji
Email: Oyewo2000@yahoo.co.uk
Tel: 234 8056354618
Tel: 234 8023434458
Resource Person
Dr. Emmanuel Adegboyega Ajao
Assistant Director NIOMR
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography & Marine
Research, PMB 12729, Lagos
Tel: 234 08023247991/12617530
Fax: 234 1 2617530
Email: gboyegaajao@yahoo.com
GCLME RCU
Ms. Kelechi Ihemeje
Personal Assistant to Regional Director / Editor
No. 1 Akosombo Road
PMB CT 324, Accra, Ghana
Tel: 233- 21- 781225 / 768592
Fax: 233- 21- 781226
Cell: 233- 243- 668758
Email: kihemeje@yahoo.com
14
Annex 3 Speeches
Welcome Address by Dr. B. I. Ezenwa, Executive Director, N.I.O.M.R.
Honourable Minister for Agriculture & Rural Development
Chairman, NIOMR Governing Board,
Regional Director, Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem Project,
Members of NIOMR Management,
Distinguished Scientists/Delegates,
Gentlemen of the Press,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Good Morning!
I am delighted to welcome you all to the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research
on this occasion, for the Ship-board Training on Marine Pollution Monitoring in the Guinea Current
Large Marine Ecosystem Region. We are pleased to be collaborating with the United Nations
Industrial Development Organization, the Executing agency for the Guinea Current Large Marine
Ecosystem Project, and the Regional Coordination Unit ably headed by our own Prof. Chidi Ibe.
This is an extremely important milestone in marine environmental protection activities in this
region. On behalf of the Management and staff of this Institute and myself, I would like to welcome
you all to this regional Workshop.
The workshop is focusing on pollution monitoring in the GCLME region. Marine and coastal
pollution problems do exist in Africa and have major impacts on coastal systems. For example, the
Niger Delta area, aquatic life and habitants are damaged by oil pollution. A number of other
development activities also lead to major changes in coastal areas. Unfortunately in most countries
and cities, pollution is neither monitored nor controlled. The ocean and adjacent coastal areas are
largely seen as reservoirs for the disposal and discharge of various kinds of wastes from land based
activities.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The Guinea Current is a continuum of coastal waters and near shore watersheds and offshore waters
with several environmental factors predisposing biological productivity and fisheries resource
abundance and species composition. It is ranked among the five most productive Large Marine
Ecosystems in the world in terms of biomass yields. The restoration and protection of the coastal
and marine environment is of global significance due not only to the richness of its productivity and
biodiversity but also for the livelihood of the countries which intrinsically depend on these resources
for their economic development and future prosperity.
In this context, capacity building legal and policy reforms are critical in collaborative attempts to
reverse the deterioration in coastal water quality (chronic and catastrophic) arising from pollution by
land and sea based activities. Improvement in monitoring techniques and methodologies will
provide reliable data for early warning and decision making for appropriate actions. I am told that
participants at this workshop will among others, benefit from the achievement of the laudable
objectives which include:
To acquaint participants with practical knowledge on marine ecosystem monitoring;
15
To provide ship-board training on physical and chemical oceanographic measurements and
sampling procedures at sea;
To demonstrate and provide hands-on training on sampling protocol (sample handling, chain
of custody, etc) and chemical analysis of contaminants and nutrients in seawater;
To acquaint participants with knowledge on biological and microbiological sampling for
benthos and pathogens respectively;
To acquaint participants with methodologies, computation/data analysis and inferences from
results;
To identify and assess land and sea based pollution and ecosystem health.
Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am convinced that these objectives will be adequately addressed and achieved in the coming days
and prepare all participants for new regional activities and collaboration among our countries. I wish
to thank the GCLME Regional Director and his staff for pursuing the goals of the Project
assiduously and for the practical elements in project implementation. I would like to express my
appreciation to all invitees from the private and public sectors for your presence and support. I thank
you for your attention.
16
Address by the GCLME Regional Director, Prof. Chidi Ibe
Delivered by Prof. Babjide Alo, FNES, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Lagos
Mr. Chairman,
Hon. Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development
Chairman of the Governing Board of NIOMR,
Director/CEO, Nigerian Inst. for Oceanography and Marine Research,
Distinguished Invited Guests,
Distinguished Workshop Participants,
Members of the Press,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
We bring you kind felicitations of the Director-General of the UNIDO, Vienna the Executing Agency
for the GCLME Project. It gives me great pleasure to deliver an Address at this august occasion of
another key activity of the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) Project. As you must be
all aware, there is a global effort by the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO),
World Conservation Union (IUCN), The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
(IOC), other relevant United Nations Agencies and the US national Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) to improve the long-term sustainability of resources and environments of the
world's Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) and their linked watersheds.
The Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) is a highly productive system and is ranked
among the 5 most productive LMEs in the world in terms of biomass yields. Its coastal and marine
environment is vital to the socioeconomic development of the 16 countries bordering the LME.
However, the coastal and marine environments of the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem
(GCLME) have experienced various stresses as a result of the intensification of human activities on or
near the coast. The GCLME TDA has identified pollution from land and sea-based activities as one of
the four broad environmental problems in the GCLME region. The depletion of living resources,
uncertainty in ecosystem status (including climate change effects), deterioration of water quality and loss
of habitats (including coastal erosion) have been identified as significant transboundary environmental
problems in the GCLME region. Pollution from land-based sources is particularly important, and
together with sea-based sources, have contributed considerable environmental deterioration especially
water quality deterioration in the countries of the GCLME.
The marine and coastal areas, including their upstream freshwater regions, are at present affected by a
number of anthropogenic activities, over-exploitation of fishery resources, impacts from the land-based
settlements activities, industrial, agricultural, urban and domestic sewage run-off, and other mining
activities such as oil and gas (in particular, off the coasts of Angola, Cameroon, Gabon and Nigeria). The
long term objective of this training and TOT exercise is to present or abate further degradation of the
marine environment from both sea based and land based activities by facilitating the duty of the states to
preserve and protect marine environment through enhanced monitoring and regulatory actions.
The GCLME Project anticipates that it would thus empower the sixteen countries to make changes in the
ways that human activities are conducted in the different socio-economic sectors to ensure that the
GCLME and its multi-country drainage basins can sustainably support the socio-economic development
of the region. Ultimately, the goal is to help build the capacity of the Guinea Current countries too work
jointly to define and address their transboundary priority environmental issues within the framework of
their existing responsibilities and commitments under the Abidjan Convention and its Protocol. The
GCLME Project has indeed developed a modular approach to addressing these problems and provides
science-based information for the monitoring assessment and management of LMEs of the Guinea
Current Countries. The modules are focused on LME: (1) Productivity, (2) Fish and Fisheries, (3)
Pollution and Ecosystem Health (4) Socioeconomics and (5) Governance.
I also want to acknowledge the bond being established among the 16 countries of the GCLME and the
opportunities the project is providing us in the Region to build a very strong network of technocrats,
researchers, environmental planners, scientists, and other senior level experts from our Ministries of
Environment and Science, Agriculture, Fisheries, Central and Local Governments, the Universities and
Research Institutions to address, the transboundary challenges of the region on "Pollution and Ecosystem
Health". For a good coastal and marine environment monitoring programme, there is a need for a good
quality monitoring protocol that could serve as a common reference document for laboratory procedures.
Such a document will be used for the establishment of a feasible and sustainable monitoring arrangement
in the country and will be capable of maintaining uniformity of methodology and the comparability of
data. Opportunities provided by fora such as this workshop, therefore are invaluable for us to share and
discuss our strengths and weaknesses, to develop sector specific policies and strategies to fully address
these challenges and threats in a united front.
Permit me to recap on the objectives of the Workshop. These include:
To acquaint participants with practical knowledge on marine ecosystem monitoring;
Vide ship-board training on physical and chemical oceanographic measurements and sampling
procedures at sea;
To demonstrate and provide hands-on training on sampling protocol (sample handling chain of
custody, etc) and chemical analysis of contaminants and nutrients in seawater;
To acquaint participants with knowledge on biological and microbiological sampling for benthos
and pathogens respectively;
To acquaint participants with methodologies computation/data analysis and inferences from
results;
To identify and assess land and sea based pollution and ecosystem health;
To introduce the effects of pollution in coastal ecosystem, useful approaches to problem
definition and the importance of a regional perspective in the restoration and management of
ecosystem health;
To constitute a scientific and technical forum of discussion on methodologies of marine
ecosystem monitoring and strategies.
In the course of this workshop, the capacity of participants will be heightened in methodology and
strategies for marine ecosystem monitoring; we are also anticipating that participants will also gain a
greater understanding of methodology and strategies for monitoring in marine ecosystem that will aid
them in design and implementation of future marine environmental management projects. It is note
worthy to mention that this Workshop would constitute a scientific and technical forum to improve and
complete the Project's Marine Pollution Monitoring and Evaluation Manual.
It is my belief that at the end of this Workshop, we would have started developing in the Region a
common approach to tackle the problems of marine pollution and the maintenance of ecosystem health
in the region. We owe this as a duty to posterity, in the pursuance of the sustainable development
paradigm.
To this end, I welcome you all to this great workshop, wishing you fruitful deliberations and God's
guidance during this Workshop.
18
Key Note Address delivered by Honourable Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Alhaji Adamu Bello
Honourable Minister of State,
Chairman, NIOMR Governing Board,
Regional Director, GCLME Project, Prof. Chidi Ibe,
Members of NIOMR Management,
Distinguished Delegates/Scientists,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Gentlemen of the Press,
Good Morning! It gives me great pleasure to be here to participate in the second regional research
exercise supported and jointly implemented by the Federal Republic of Nigeria, this time, in
collaboration with the United Nations Industrial and Development Organization (UNIDO) as the
Executing Agency for the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) Project.
The first communal research cruise in this region was conducted under the auspices of the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Regional Committee for the Central Eastern Atlantic
from 10 25 October 1989. Fourteen scientists from Ghana, Togo, Gambia, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea,
Sierra Leone, Congo, Senegal and Nigeria participated in the cruise which examined Sediment
budgets along the West African Coast. The ship occupied a total of 68 stations and carried out water
sampling, current metering, bathymetric charting and data gathering for meteorological and
hydrodynamics between longitude 4000.00E (east of Lagos) and longitude 8000.00W, the western
boundary of Cote d'Ivoire. The cruise was ably coordinated by Prof. A. C. Ibe, then of the Nigerian
Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research.
On this occasion, the Ship-board Training on "Marine Pollution Monitoring Techniques" is in
furtherance of the GCLME Pollution and Ecosystem Health Module. The long term objective is
capacity building to prevent the degradation of the Marine Environment from both sea based and
land based activities by facilitating the duty of member States to preserve and protect Marine and
Coastal Environment through enhanced monitoring and regulatory actions.
Ladies and Gentlemen, approximately 40 percent of the GCLME region's 250 million people live
in coastal towns and villages. They are dependent on the lagoons, estuaries, creeks and associated
wetlands in the inshore waters surrounding them. The highest population density centers are also
located in key industrialized cities along the coast. The population of the coastal areas is increasing
dramatically with a potential doubling time of 20 25 years at the present population growth rate of
3 percent compared to 100 years for the developed countries. Many of our region's poor are
crowded in the coastal areas for subsistence socio-economic activities, essentially fishing, farming,
sand mining, salt extraction and charcoal production in the mangrove swamps. The Gulf of Guinea
provides employment for over 800,000 artisanal and industrial fishermen who exploit the fisheries
resources. In addition, 60 percent of the industries in this region are located in coastal cities. These
industrial establishments are predominantly sited in major river catchments that drain into coastal
wetlands especially mangroves, lagoons and estuaries.
Ladies and Gentlemen, it is therefore not surprising that these coastal and marine areas including
their upstream freshwater regions are at present affected by various human activities. The primary
problems identified include overexploitation of fisheries resources, effects of land-based activities
19
including industrial, agricultural, municipal and domestic sewage, oil pollution, habitat alteration
and degradation and loss of biotic integrity. The sixteen countries of the GCLME recognize the need
to come together to protect the valuable marine and coastal environment. They are a global
common requiring collective action to halt degradation and threats which are transboundary in either
origin or effect. This ship-board environmental monitoring exercise is based on the understanding
that a regional approach is needed for now and the foreseeable future for the protection of our
marine and coastal environment.
Ladies and Gentlemen, I am reliably informed that this exercise will acquaint participants with
practical knowledge on ecosystem monitoring techniques, and methodologies for essential data
gathering for decision making by policy makers for better management of our marine and coastal
environment. It is also expected that on a long term basis, it would enable the sixteen countries to
make changes in the ways that human activities are conducted in the different socio-economic
sectors to ensure that the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem and its transboundary drainage
basins can sustain the socio-economic development of the region. The protection of the GCLME
region also has global significance due to the richness of the basin and coastal biodiversity and more
importantly because it is essential for the livelihood of the coastal countries which depend on the re
sources for future economic development and for survival.
Distinguished Participants, I wish you a successful week of hard work off Lagos coast and hope
that your training will be translated to meaningful data gathering for decision-making in protecting
our common waters in the Gulf of Guinea.
Thank you all.
20
Annex 4: Summary of Selected Results of Physical and Chemical Oceanographic
Measurements
Table 1: Surface Water Physico-Chemical Parameters at Sampling Locations in the Gulf of
Guinea
Secchi
Max Depth
Stn
Sample
Sal.
Cond
Disc
DO
S/N Date
Location
at Collection T0C
pH
No.
No.
%o
mS/cm-1 Turbidity
mg L-1
point (m)
(m)
060 20 450 N
1 04/09/06 1
20 26.5
32.3
8.3
48.0 9.0 5.0
0030 25 507 E
060 20 140 N
2 05/09/06 2
20 26.4
33.1
8.4
48.8 6.0 5.1
0030 27 022 E
06/09/06
060 21. 484 N
3
3
16 26.6
33.0
8.3
48.6 5.0 6.7
(1)
0030 24.593 E
06/09/06
060 18.775 N
4
4
- 26.4
31.8
8.1
48.8 5.2 6.4
(2)
0030 28.275 E
07/09/06
060 20.00 N
5
5
18.0 26.3
28.0
8.2
49.5 4.0 4.9
(1)
0030 24.01 E
07/09/06
060 26.00 N
6
6
32.0 27.0
28.0
8.0
47.8 4.0 6.2
(2)
0030 30.00 E
060 20 619 N
7 08/09/06 7
19.0 26.4
34.1
8.39
51.7 5.5 7.1
0030 25 920 E
050 34.15 N
6.8
8 23/08/06 8
20.7 27.4
32.8
7.6
49.53 7.0
0040 56.88 E
050 34.33 N
6.9
9 23/08/06 9
25.4 27.0
33.40
7.5
50.90 2.3
0040 55.47 E
10
050 35.92 N
23/08/06 10
18.7 27.3
31.88
7.8
48.77 7.0 6.9
0040 56.86 E
11
050 35.12 N
23/08/06 11
24.8 27.3
32.90
7.7
50.20 7.0 7.2
0040 55.48 E
050 35. 47 N
12 23/08/06
20.5 27.5
29.64
7.7
44.76 6.7 6.4
0040 56.18 E
050 34.27 N
13 23/08/06 13
23.0 27.2
30.11
7.9
46.08 8.5 6.8
0040 55.86 E
050 34.57 N
14 24/08/06 14
19.5 27.4
29.88
7.6
45.71 8.2 7.0
0040 57.70 E
050 33.89 N
15 24/08/06 15
22.9 27.3
30.00
7.5
45.90 8.0 6.8
0040 56.55 E
050 33.39 N
16 24/08/06 16
17.4 27.4
30.76
7.6
46.75 7.0 6.8
0040 56.50 E
050 34.20 N
17 24/08/06 17
22.0 27.4
30.18
7.5
46.18 6.0 6.4
0040 56. 90 E
050 16.42 N
18 25/08/06 18
19.0 27.0
32.96
7.8
49.77 8.5 6.4
0050 08.92 E
050 15.50 N
6.5
19 25/08/06 19
26.6 27.1
33.36
7.2
50.37 9.0
0050 07.00 E
21
Table 2: Nutrient levels in Gulf of Guinea Waters
Nutrients (ppm)
Location Phosphate Nitrate Nitrite Silicate
1
0.466
0.279
0.061
2.60
2
0.127
2.246
0.069
1.10
3
0.084
5.024
0.023
1.74
4
0.857
2.430
0.048
2.22
5
0.260
1.720
0.152
1.40
6
0.093
3.628
0.122
3.19
7
0.105 1.362
0.053 2.46
8
0.071 2.204
0.018 1.87
9
0.136 0.360
0.078 2.14
10
0.366 1.460
0.026 1.90
11
1.027 3.636
0.108 1.67
12
0.510 0.852
0.008 4.24
13
0.048 1.128
0.034 3.22
14
0.324 3.096
0.142 1.44
15
0.058 1.574
0.026 1.65
Table 3: Nutrient levels in Gulf of Guinea Sediment
Nutrients (ppm)
Location Phosphate Nitrate Nitrite Silicate
1
1.139 0.504
0.026
16.45
2
2.545 0.320
0.037
14.36
3
1.840 0.716
0.012 8.14
4
3.381 0.144
0.028
15.72
5
2.015 0.310
0.018
20.69
6
1.610 0.426
0.048 9.21
7
1.474 0.280
0.006
11.08
8
2.017 1.241
0.073
18.77
9
1.583 0.730
0.015
10.28
10
1.644 0.326
0.008
13.37
11
3.580 0.412
0.021 8.49
12
1.243 1.269
0.034
12.65
13
0.976 1.492
0.013
16.96
14
1.948 0.875
0.062
20.42
15
2.562 0.761
0.009
12.41
22
Table 4: Concentration of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments Collected at Different Locations
in the Gulf of Guinea LME
Stn
Sample
Concentration of Heavy Metals (mg kg -1)
S/N Date
Location
No.
No.
Fe Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd V Ni Co Mn
060 20 450 N
1 04/09/06 1
6
12250 0.52 60.2 32.1 48.33 ND <
0.1 43.2 - 520.4
0030 25 507E
060 20 140 N 0030
2 05/09/06 2
7
12500 0.63 61.4 40.8 49.46 0.01 <
0.1 48.1 - 561.8
27 022E
06/09/06
060 21 484 N 0030
<
3
3 8
11500 0.78 59.7 28.3 49.05
< 0.1
33.7
-
432.5
(1)
24 593E
0.1
06/09/06
060 18 775 N 0030
4
4 9
14000 1.13 60.6 51.1 53.92 2.3 0.72 50.5 - 682.3
(2)
28 275E
07/09/06
060 20 000 N 0030
5
5 10
13000 2.66 63.2 49.6 58.67 3.01 0.36 44.9 - 612.2
(1)
24 01E
07/09/06
060 26 000 N 0030
6
6 11
15000 4.38 79.83 48.2 59.4 3.67 0.85 49.4 - 700.1
(2)
30 000E
060 20 619 N
-
7 08/09/06 7
12
- - - - - - - - -
0030 25 920E
050 34.15 N
8 23/08/06 8
13
7500 9.06 58.90 18.0 29.20 1.65 26.90 14.8 16.99 249
0040 56.88 E
050 34.33 N
9 23/08/06 9
14
7850 10.34 35.46 14.8 29.09 0.82 20.12 10.8 13.0 239
0040 55.47 E
050 35.92 N
10 23/08/06 10
15
7950 8.56 51.64 13.6 27.05 0.92 23.54 12.7 17.67 245
0040 56.86 E
050 35.12 N
11 23/08/06 11
16
7950 10.35 36.0 12.3 24.49 0.96 16.2 7.8 13.4 236
0040 55.48 E
S/N Date Stn
Sample No.
Location
Concentration of Heavy Metals (mg kg -1)
No.
Fe Cu Zn Cr Pb Cd V Ni Co Mn
12 23/08/06 12
17
050 35. 47 N
7550 8.47 40.53 13.0 21.68 0.35 21.4 11.3 10.60 185
0040 56.18 E
13 23/08/06 13
18
050 34.27 N
7800 9.96 44.37 13.2 21.53 0.71 13.05 7.20 13.87 224
0040 55.86 E
14 24/08/06 14
19
050 34.57 N
7650 8.54 48.69 15.0 17.40 o.57 21.66 10.9 13.56 231
0040 57.70 E
15 24/08/06 15
20
050 33.89 N
7650 7.90 41.45 19.8 21.72 0.40 11.25 10.5 12.58 197
0040 56.55 E
16 24/08/06 16
21
050 33.39 N
7950 7.92 45.19 15.3 25.39 0.63 20.50 9.40 15.05 320
0040 56.50 E
17 24/08/06 17
22
050 34.20 N
7900 8.24 54.04 14.70 26.04 1.21 38.29 22.4 15.37 242
0040 56. 90 E
18 25/08/06 18
23
050 16.42 N
6150 2.73 13.63 13.5 15.38 0.09 23.60 12.9 5.82 196
0050 08.92 E
19 25/08/06 19
24
050 15.50 N
7400 8.13 42.43 16.8 18.59 0.77 24.42 11.1 13.6 196
0050 07.00 E
23
Table 5: Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Samples from Nigerian Trawling Grounds
Concentration of Heavy Metals (mg kg -1 Wet Weight)
Sample
S/N
No.**
Fe Zn Cr Pb Cu Cd Ni V Ba Mn
1
1
3.0 1.12 ND 0.05 0.04 ND ND ND 0.2 ND
2
2 4.54 1.38 ND 0.11 0.10 0.08 ND ND 2.5 ND
3
3 4.05 1.64 ND 0.13 0.06 0.02 ND ND 2.18 ND
4
4
2.9 1.24 ND 0.06 0.08 ND ND ND 0.4 ND
5
5
3.8 1.34 ND 0.08 0.06 ND ND ND O.8 ND
6
6
3.6 1.38 ND 0.08 0.05 0.06 ND ND 1.4 ND
7
7
4.2 1.44 ND 0.12 0.04 0.02 ND ND ND ND
8
8
4.4 1.46 ND 0.14 0.09 0.04 ND ND 2.1 0.01
9
9
3.8 1.60 ND 0.11 0.10 ND ND ND 2.2 ND
10 10 3.8 1.64 ND 0.05 0.03 0.04 ND ND 1.4 0.01
11 11 4.5 1.82 ND 0.06 0.03 0.02 ND ND 2.6 ND
12
3.82 1.32 ND 0.08 0.04 0.03 ND ND ND ND
13 13 3.0 1.46 ND 0.08 0.05 0.04 ND ND 0.8 ND
14 14 3.8 1.14 ND 0.12 ND ND ND ND 0.4 ND
15 15 4.2 1.26 ND 0.11 0.06 0.01 ND ND 1.3 ND
24
Table 6: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples ng/l
S/N Pesticides
Stations and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09
05/09 06/09 06/09 07/09 07/09 08/09
23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08
24/08 24/08
1
-BHC
- 1.40
- - - 2.56
- - - 2.88
1.56
- 1.21
2.51
2.00
2
-BHC 2.21
- - - 1.15
- - - 3.00
1.59
- - - 3.28
-
3
-BHC 1.76
1.56
- - 3.27
1.38
1.56
- 2.42
- 4.65
- 2.28
- 3.12
4
-BHC
1.87 1.88 1.11 -
-
-
-
5.78 -
-
3.22 5.60 3.51 5.22 2.78
5 Heptachlor -
2.33 1.32 -
1.02 0.98 2.90 1.34 -
3.34 1.78 2.56 -
4.55 1.56
6
Aldrin
- 2.09
1.80
- 1.08
- 1.58
- 4.44
1.56
- - 4.44
- -
7 HeptaChlor -
2.48 1.43 -
8.15 1.56 6.87 3.54 5.21 -
-
-
-
4.78 -
Epoxide
8
-Chlordane 1.80 6.20 1.85 -
1.29 1.98 -
-
-
2.28 2.87 1.34 5.66 4.88 -
9 4,4'-DDE
6.54 2.11 2.21 -
-
4.56 2.98 2.58 1.89 5.76 4.33 2.31 -
2.88
10
-Chlordane
2.21
1.56
8.79
- - - - - - - - 3.88
4.28
2.89
11 Endosulfan
1 -
1.17 1.66 -
2.17 3.54 5.21 -
-
6.98 -
2.98 -
4.00 3.90
12 Dieldrin
8.32 4.73 4.52 -
1.33 4.21 3.20 1.28 4.33 -
5.55 4.56 4.44 3.56 -
13 Endrin
2.53 3.53 2.17 -
1.21 -
1.56 -
2.54 -
4.89 1.44 1.25 -
-
14 4,4'-DDD 3.67 4.02 2.79 - 1.18
- 3.20
2.89
- 5.43 4.54 -
3.29 2.67 4.67
15 Endosulfan -
2.63 2.03 -
8.41 5.60 4.28 3.56 2.87 -
-
3.04 -
6.42 3.66
11
16 4,4'DDT
2.58 9.19 6.38 -
9.88 6.58 -
2.66 -
-
3.90 1.99 2.67 -
4.89
17 Endrin
-
2.39 1.59 -
9.56 5.06 4.21 -
3.33 4.56 -
-
-
2.10 -
Aldehyde
18 Methoxychlor 3.67 1.74 8.68 -
1.30 1.25 -
-
4.59 -
2.56 4.56 5.43 3.56 -
19 Endosulfan 2.22 8.49 6.08 1.15 9.23 2.20 4.98 3.55 6.77 4.21 7.79 7.43 6.90 2.56 6.42
Sulfate
20
Endrin
6.89 6.50 5.60 1.42 4.17 1.22 2.58 4.89 2.91 7.54 8.54 8.98 4.89 4.98 5.43
Ketone
21
OCPs
ng/l 46.27 73.48 52.11 1.54 61.24 38.12 41.93 32.46 44.99 47.69 57.61 48.81 52.16 59.35 44.20
Table 7: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediment Samples µg/kg
S/N Pesticides
Stations and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09
05/09 06/09 06/09 07/09 07/09 08/09
23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08
24/08 24/08
1
-BHC
- - - - - - - - - - - 3.54
2.23
1.15
2.20
2
Lindane - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.33
1.50
3
Beta-BHC 2.07
2.14
- - - - 1.50
- - - - - - - 2.56
4
-BHC
- - - 9.31
- - - 4.67
- 2.30
- - - - 4.20
5
Heptachlor
1.31
8.58
1.02
- - - 1.13
- - - - - - - -
6 Aldrin
1.52 1.62 1.37 -
-
-
1.08 1.22 1.24 3.32 -
2.22 -
-
-
7 HeptaChlor 8.35
8.55
8.11
3.04
- 5.74
6.41
- 2.88
- - - 5.43
- -
Epoxide
8 Gamma
- 9.08
- - - - - 3.54
- 4.40
- - - - -
Chlordane
9
-Chlordane
- - - - - - - - - - - 3.45
2.43
- -
10
4,4'-DDE 1.93
1.91
9.96
- - - 1.84
2.88
- - - - - - -
11
Endosulfan
1
1.14
1.62
- - - - 1.28
- - 3.56
6.78
5.68
- 2.43
-
12
Dieldrin - 1.13
8.85
- - 8.54
9.52
- - - 3.54
- - - -
13
Endrin - 9.01
- - - - 8.27
- - - - - 2.20
- -
14
4,4'-DDD - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15 Endosulfan - 1.27
8.67
- - 8.99
9.71
- 6.45
- 2.54
- - - 1.23
11
16
4,4'DDT - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -
17 Endrin
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.56
Aldehyde
18
Methoxychlor
- 7.99
8.23
- - 9.18
8.54
2.66
- - - - 2.66
-
19 Endosulfan 2.33 7.93 1.52 2.85 1.15 1.70 8.77 3.54 4.40 2.34 3.32 3.67 6.21 4.50 3.54
Sulfate
20 EndrinKetone 1.08 7.80 3.83 3.55 3.13 8.06 8.28 1.22 3.56 3.67 2.58 4.44 4.43 3.45 2.66
21
OCPs
19.73 68.63 51.56 18.95 4.28 42.21 66.23 19.73 18.53 19.59 18.76 23.00 22.93 16.52 20.55
25
Table 8: Concentration of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish Samples µg/kg fresh weight
S/N Pesticides
Fish Samples Fish Samples Fish Samples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09
05/09 06/09 06/09 07/09 07/09 08/09
23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08
24/08 24/08
1
-BHC
-
-
1.36 -
2.22 3.48 -
-
-
1.67 2.56 1.07 0.90 -
-
2 Lindane
-
1.52 3.55 1.56 2.88 -
5.32 1.11 3.42 3.78 2.24 1.80 1.50 2.30 1.80
3 Beta-BHC -
8.32 6.55 3.26 2.20 3.35 4.44 2.75 3.58 1.96 2.54 2.33 1.39 3.36 4.21
4
-BHC
-
9.26 8.56 7.54 5.90 6.89 -
8.54 -
-
7.33 6.95 2.56 1.98 3.33
5 Heptachlor -
8.26 7.56 -
6.35 4.99 -
-
-
3.67 4.44 3.88 2.78 4.01 2.99
6 Aldrin
-
1.67 2.25 2.67 1.89 2.56 2.11 2.98 2.77 5.86 3.38 4.50 3.90 4.12 3.21
7 HeptaChlor 9.96 1.29 2.87 -
2.22 3.35 2.98 4.78 4.09 3.23 2.56 4.90 2.56 2.99 2.43
Epoxide
8 Gamma
-
1.53 1.99 2.66 1.34 2.78 3.23 2.21 3.45 1.78 1.35 1.65 1.99 2.84 1.65
Chlordane
9
-Chlordane
-
1.69 -
2.58 2.70 4.32 2.21 2.21 1.76 3.67 2.88 2.56 3.21 2.78 2.98
10 4,4'-DDE
-
8.86 2.25 4.86 2.20 3.21 1.19 3.33 2.86 2.56 8.29 1.98 2.20 2.19 3.35
11 Endosulfan
1 1.04 1.51 -
3.45 -
2.55 -
2.45 3.32 1.97 3.78 -
2.43 2.54 1.23
12 Dieldrin
-
1.30 3.33 3.67 -
2.22 3.56 3.66 5.76 3.77 2.43 2.56 1.56 2.55 2.88
13 Endrin
1.33 1.58 2.24 2.88 2.78 -
2.58 3.76 2.78 3.56 2.97 5.78 2.45 1.98 2.96
14 4,4'-DDD 9.81 2.27 1.98 8.77 7.26 -
4.68 3.88 2.44 3.76 -
7.90 3.55 3.55 3.58
15 Endosulfan 9.18 1.17 2.55 8.84 3.39 2.32 -
2.54 3.70 -
-
1.99 2.80 2.86 2.89
11
16 4,4'DDT
1.75 3.27 1.56 2.33 1.59 4.67 5.33 1.99 4.50 1.45 2.20 7.09 4.21 5.90 1.45
17 Endrin
9.86 1.34 -
1.88 2.28 2.78 -
-
2.90 2.56 5.98 -
-
-
2.22
Aldehyde
18 Methoxychlor 1.16 4.88 -
2.45 2.56 1.58 -
2.21 1.45 3.30 4.56 -
-
-
1.98
19 Endosulfan 8.49 4.93 4.56 2.78 1.78 2.78 4.66 3.48 5.98 4.90 3.89 4.32 5.87 2.88 3.36
Sulfate
20
Endrin
6.36 4.08 5.66 4.65 1.96 5.28 6.98 4.80 9.43 2.54 7.43 8.26 3.56 4.96 4.56
Ketone
21
OCPs
58.94 68.73 59.56 66.83 53.50 59.11 49.27 54.47 64.19 55.99 70.01 69.52 49.34 53.73 47.72
26
Table 9: Concentration of PCBs in Water Samples ng/l
Statio
S/N Pesticides
ns and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09 06/09
07/09 07/09 08/09 23/08 23/08 23/08
23/08 23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1
PCB
28
0.54
0.33
- - - - - - 0.33
- 0.35
- - - 0.25
2 PCB
52 0.63 -
0.98 -
0.88 -
0.38 0.43 0.25 -
-
0.21 -
0.54 -
3 PCB
49 0.56 0.54 0.66 -
-
0.56 0.88 0.44 -
0.32 0.45 0.54 0.23 -
0.33
4 PCB
101 1.45 0.32 0.58 0.56 0.61 0.21 -
-
0.45 0.43 -
-
-
0.86 -
5
PCB
149
- 0.25
0.54
- - - - 0.35
- - - - - - 0.24
6 PCB
118 -
0.78 0.25 -
-
0.33 -
-
0.44 -
0.56 -
0.32 -
0.21
7 PCB
153 0.56 0.86 0.60 0.56 0.42 0.56 0.36 0.28 0.34 0.21 0.43 0.32 0.38 0.54 0.33
8 PCB
138 0.25 0.24 0.39 0.89 0.35 0.78 0.54 0.53 0.65 0.45 0.56 0.43 0.58 0.48 0.98
9 PCB
180 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.34 0.28 0.39 0.94 0.76 0.33 0.89 0.28 0.28 0.66 0.46 0.43
10
PCB
170
- - - 0.22
- - 0.32
- - - - 0.86
- 0.23
-
11
PCB
194
- - 0.22
- - - 0.34
- 0.76
0.28
0.52
-
12
PCBs 4.49 3.88 4.00 2.57 2.54 2.83 3.42 2.79 2.79 2.64 2.63 3.40 2.45 3.63 2.77
Table 10: Concentration of PCBs in Sediment Samples µg/kg
Statio
S/N Pesticides
ns and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09 06/09
07/09 07/09 08/09 23/08 23/08 23/08
23/08 23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1 PCB
28 1.34 -
1.28 1.22 1.35 1.67 1.87 -
1.36 1.43 1.35 1.43 1.87 -
1.25
2 PCB
52 -
1.76 2.55 -
1.88 -
-
1.49 1.25 -
2.22 1.88 -
1.54 -
3 PCB
49 0.96 2..84 -
2.58 -
1.26 2.58 2.55 -
2.32 1.58 1.54 3.26 -
1.33
4
PCB
101
1.38
- - 2.59
3.68
2.71
1.32
- 1.45
1.46
- - - 2.86
-
5 PCB
149 -
1.26 1.94 -
1.98 -
1.57 1.75 -
-
2.56 -
1.58 -
2.24
6 PCB
118 1.65 1.78 2.25 -
-
1.30 -
-
1.58 1.65 1.78 -
1.32 -
1.21
7 PCB
153 2.36 0.96 2.80 2.66 1.48 1.50 1.66 1.28 1.44 2.27 2.22 2.32 2.38 1.54 1.33
8 PCB
138 1.95 1.24 1.29 1.89 1.39 2.88 1.74 2.51 1.68 3.85 1.56 1.43 1.58 1.48 2.98
9 PCB
180 3.80 1.51 1.81 1.34 3.28 2.39 2.94 1.66 2.53 1.84 2.28 2.28 1.66 1.46 2.43
10
PCB
170
- - - 2.25
- 1.55
1.32
- - - - 1.82
- 1.23
-
11 PCB
194 1.94
2.38
2.28 1.28 -
2.30 -
1.44 -
1.56 1.28 2.52 -
12
PCBs
15.58 11.35 16.30 14.53 17.32 16.54 15.00 13.54 11.29 16.26 15.55 12.70 14.83 12.63 12.77
Table 11: Concentration of PCBs in Fish Samples µg/kg
Fish Sa
S/N Pesticides
mples Pseudotolithus senegalensis Fish Samples Pseudotolithus senegalensis Fish Samples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09 06/09
07/09 07/09 08/09 23/08 23/08 23/08
23/08 23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1
PCB
28
- - - - - 0.08
- 0.06
- 0.02
- - - - -
2
PCB
52
- - - - - - - - - 0.03
- - - - -
3
PCB
49
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4
PCB
101
- - - 0.05
- 0.05
- - - - - - - - -
5
PCB
149
- - - - - - - - 0.08
- - - - -
6
PCB
118
- 0.02
- 0.04
0.06
0.07
- 0.08
- 0.05
- - - - -
7 PCB
153 -
0.08 -
0.08 0.08 0.04 -
0.03 -
0.02 0.08 -
0.06 -
-
8 PCB
138 -
0.03 -
0.03 0.05 0.06 -
0.09 -
0.08 0.07 -
0.04 -
-
9
PCB
180
- 0.06
- - - - - - - 0.05
0.05
- 0.09
- -
10
PCB
170
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11
PCB
194
- - - - - - - - - 0.02
- - - - -
12
PCBs -
0.19
0.20 0.19 0.28
0.26 -
0.35 0.20 -
0.19 -
-
13 %
Fat
0.35 1.25 0.66 0.45 0.54 0.99 0.45 0.38 0.54 0.36 0.56 0.43 0.67 0.88 0.96
27
Table 12: Concentration of PAHs in Water Samples ng/l
S/N Pesticides
Stations and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09
06/09 07/09 07/09 08/09 23/08 23/08
23/08 23/08 23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1 Acenephthylene
12.55 6.54 6.88 3.78 4.78 -
2.54 3.56 6.66 7.98 12.09 18.54 .28 3.70 3.78
2 Anthracene
7.86 16.89
10.25
7.45 -
1.87 2.31 8.56 4.78 2.59 10.54 9.34 14.59 9.54 15.90
3 Bez(a)anthracene
-
20.56 -
3.22 9.54 -
6.99 4.35 3.44 5.89 3.89 -
10.68 7.66 10.43
4 Benzo(k)flouranthene 6.87 -
3.99 -
3.56 8.54 9.34 5.87 -
4.68 -
3.44 24.89 8.56 3.44
5 Benzo(b)flouranthene 3.25 12.89 -
4.21 2.84 -
8.88 4.89 5.99 -
9.56 8.96 -
9.21 -
6 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene -
5.90 4.56 1.89 1.78 7.87 7.43 3.98 4.32 8.56 4.09 -
16.54 -
4.96
7 Benzo(a)pyrene
5.98 6.67 6.58 2.58 -
-
5.32 7.88 2.89 3.52 11.56 12.98 8.88 5.66 7.98
8 Chrysene
1.98 3.25 -
-
4.90 9.32 -
6.59 9.22 8.45 9.54 11.22 6.67 7.88 4.32
9 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
2.45 6.99 3.98 3.67 3.21 -
1.58 6.58 6.98 6.44 - 13.87
- 8.96
5.74
10 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 3.56 -
-
9.76 -
3.45 -
8.88 3.78 6.89 3.88 1.98 13.76 -
-
11 Phenanthrane
5.86 3.32 7.98 12.98 7.89 -
2.78 1.24 4.89 3.45 -
-
.98 8.99 11.56
12 Pyrene
-
4.78 5.56 10.78 4.44 4.28 3.78 2.98 6.66 -
12.32 1.94 23.76 1.25 5.43
13
PAHs
50.36 87.79 49.78 60.32 42.94 35.3 51.0 59.5 59.6 58.5 77.47 82.27 154.0 83.2 73.54
Table 13: Concentration of PAHs in Sediment Samples µg/kg
S/N Pesticides
Stations and Dates Stations and Dates Stations and Dates
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09
06/09 07/09 07/9 08/9 23/8 23/8 23/8 23/08
23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1 Acenephthylene
19.53 16.54 -
13.78 -
-
-
-
12.5 17.9 13.78 18.54 -
13.01 13.70
2
Anthracene
6.86
- 12.25
- - 8.34
12.3 18.5 -
12.5 11.56
- 16.59
- 25.90
3 Bez(a)anthracene
-
22.66 -
14.54 19.24 -
-
14.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 Benzo(k)flouranthene 12.87 -
13.32 -
-
8.54 19.4 -
-
-
-
13.44 14.89 18.62 13.40
5
Benzo(b)flouranthene
- 2.88
- - 4.49
- - - 15.9
- - - - 12.26
-
6 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
-
15.70 -
11.84 11.78 7.87 6.48 13.9 14.3 18.5 14.09 -
18.54 -
-
7 Benzo(a)pyrene
15.34 16.67 3.58 -
-
-
-
17.8 12.8 -
-
14.98 -
5.66 17.90
8 Chrysene
11.54 13.25 -
-
4.60 19.3 -
-
-
15.3 -
13.22 16.67 -
-
9 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
7.29
- 13.58
13.67
- - 12.8
- 18.0
8.25
- - - 18.93
15.40
10 Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene -
-
-
10.35 -
13.4 -
18.8 -
12.9 13.88 -
17.76 -
-
11 Phenanthrane
-
11.32 17.21 8.58 17.89 -
-
11.2 -
-
-
-
-
19.95 -
12 Pyrene
-
-
-
10.28 14.44 14.2 13.8
14.4 -
12.32 11.54 10.76 -
15.40
13
PAHs
73.43 99.02 54.94 83.04 72.44 71.7 64.8 95.5 87.9 85.4 65.63 71.72 95.21 88.43 101.70
Table 14: Concentration of PAHs in Fish Samples µg/kg
S/N Pesticides
Fish Samples Pseudotolithus Senegalensis Fish Samples Pseudotolithus Senegalensis Fish Samples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
04/09 05/09 06/09
06/09 07/09 07/9 08/9 23/8 23/8 23/8 23/08
23/08 23/08 24/08 24/08
1 Acenephthylene
-
6.39 -
0.78 0.66 - - - 2.50 0.90 0.78 0.54 -
3.22 3.20
2
Anthracene
0.86
- 0.56
- - 0.80
2.38 1.23 -
2.12 0.56
- 1.60
- 0.26
3
Bez(a)anthracene - 0.66
0.34
0.54
0.49
- - 0.45
- - - - - -
4 Benzo(k)flouranthene 1.87 -
1.65 -
-
0.54 0.48 - 0.44 - -
3.40 1.82 1.28 3.40
5
Benzo(b)flouranthene
- 0.58
- - 1.20
- - - - - - - - 0.99
-
6 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene -
1.22 -
0.84 3.80 2.01 0.48 0.34 4.30 0.88 0.90 -
4.54 -
-
7 Benzo(a)pyrene
0.67 3.27 1.45 -
-
- - 1.08 0.66 - -
0.98 -
0.66 0.55
8 Chrysene
0.96
-
-
0.58 0.34 - - - 0.50 -
0.22 0.67 -
-
9 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 1.29 0.55 0.85 3.20 -
- 0.82 - 0.32
0.85
- - - 0.93
3.40
10
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
- - - 0.78
- 3.40
- 0.83
- 2.90
3.88
- 0.76
- -
11 Phenanthrane
-
1.32 2.21 2.51 0.25 - - 1.29 - - -
-
-
0.95 -
12 Pyrene
-
-
-
1.54 220 1.38
1.60 - 1.36 1.54 0.76 -
0.95
13
PAHs
5.65 13.99 7.06 8.65 6.98 9.29 5.54 5.22 9.82 8.20 7.48 6.68 10.15 8.03 11.76
28
Table 15: Bacterial count per milliliter of sample
I FISH MICROBIOLOGY
Fish swab Fish gills
CFU/ml
2.00 x 105 2.8 x 105
Key: cfu = Colony forming unit
Table 16: Bacterial flora of fish body swab and gill swab.
Fish body swab
Fish gills
Bacillus
Lactobacillus
Moraxella
Bacillus
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Flavobacteria
Table 17: Bacterial count/ml of sediment
Stn Stn Stn Stn Stn
1
2
3
4
5
Cfu/ml
3.0 x 104
5.2 x 104
5.4 x 104 5.0
x104 1.3
x105
II. SEDIMENT MICROBIOLOGY
Table 18: Distribution of the bacterial/fungal genera encountered in the study
Stations Bacteria
Fungi
1.
Bacillus
Mucor
Alcaligenes
Agaricus
Salmonella
Phytophthora
Escherichia coli
2.
Proteus
Gelasinospora,
Acinetobacter
Rhizopus
Listeria
Alternaria
Flavobacteria
3.
Alcaligenes
Asspergillus
Moraxella
Rhizopus
Flavobacteria
Fusaruim
Pseudomnonas
4.
Pseudomonas
Pythuin
Flavobacteria
Phytophthora
Moraxella
Alternaria
5.
Bordetella
Gelasinospora
Lactobacillus
Fusaruim
Pasteurella
Peronospora
Corynebacteria
III Water Microbiology
Table 19: Total coliform count of the different study locations
Stn Stn Station Stn Stn Stn
1
2
3
4
5
6
No of coliforms/ml
ND
250
60
ND
ND
ND
Key: ND = Not detected Stn = Station
29
Table 20: Species abundance, number, diversity, richness and other sediment characteristics
observed per station
Station
Phylum
Class / Group
Species
Abundance
Number
1 Mollusca
Gastropods Cavolinia sp.
3
1 Arthropoda
Cumaceans Diastylis sp
3
1 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
4
1 Arthropoda
Amphipods Aeginella sp.
3
1 Annelida
Polychaete Arabella sp.
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete Capitela sp.
3
1 Annelida
Polychaete Cirriformia afer
2
1 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
4
1 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
3
1 Annelida
Polychaete
Glycera dibranchiata
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete Glycera rouxi
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete
Goniada maculata
1
1 Annelida
Polychaete
Harmathoe imbricata
3
1 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
3
1 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete Pectinaria sp.
3
1 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
1
1 Chordata
Pisces
Pytonichthys microphthalmus
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
2
1 Annelida
Polychaete Terebella sp
4
1 Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Trochostoma sp.
4
Total Number of Individuals
58
Number of Species
22
Shannon-Weaner
Index
3.03
Species Richness Index
5.17
2 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Cavolinia sp.
3
2 Mollusca
Gastropods
Circineta callipyga
1
2 Arthropoda
Tanaids Emplectonema sp.
1
2 Annelida
Polychaete Marphysa sp.
3
2 Arthropoda
Amphipods Aeginella sp.
1
2 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
1
2 Annelida
Polychaete
Goniada maculata
2
2 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
2
2 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
1
2 Mollusca
Bivalvia Plectopecten sp
1
2 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
2
Total Number of Individuals
18
Number of Species
11
30
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.3
Species Richness Index
3.46
3 Mollusca
Gastropods
Circineta callipyga
1
3 Mollusca
Bivalvia Cobula sulcata
1
3 Arthropoda
Cumaceans Diastylis sp
1
3 Arthropoda
Tanaids Emplectonema sp.
2
3 Arthropoda
Amphipods Aeginella sp.
2
3 Annelida
Polychaete Cirriformia afer
1
3 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
1
3 Echinodermata
Echiurus sp
1
3 Chordata
Pisces
Fish
Larva
1
3 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
1
3 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
2
3 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
2
3 Mollusca
Bivalvia Plectopecten sp
1
3 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
1
3 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
1
3 Aschelminthes
Sipunculida Sipunculus sp
1
3 Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Trochostoma sp.
1
Total Number of Individuals
21
Number of Species
17
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.78
Species Richness Index
5.26
4 Echinodermata
Echiurus sp
1
4 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
1
4 Chordata
Pisces
Fish
Larva
3
4 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
3
4 Mollusca
Bivalvia Macoma sp
1
4 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
2
4 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Cadulus sp.
3
4 Mollusca
Gastropods Neptunea sp.
3
4 Annelida
Polychaete Ophelia sp.
1
4 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
3
Total Number of Individuals
21
Number of Species
10
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.19
Species Richness Index
2.96
5 Mollusca
Gastropods
Circineta callipyga
2
5 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
2
5 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
1
5 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Dentalium sp
1
5 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
2
5 Annelida
Polychaete Flabelligera sp
2
31
5 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
1
5 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
2
5 Mollusca
Gastropods Neptunea sp.
1
5 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiura textunata
2
5 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
2
5 Mollusca
Bivalvia Tellina radiata
2
Total Number of Individuals
20
Number of Species
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.44
Species Richness Index
3.67
6 Mollusca
Gastropods Cavolinia sp.
2
6 Arthropoda
Tanaids Emplectonema sp.
4
6 Arthropoda
Amphipods Gammarus sp.
3
6 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
4
6 Arthropoda
Tanaids Leptochelia sp.
4
6 Mollusca
Gastropods Natica sp.
2
6 Annelida
Polychaete
Sabellaria vulgaris
4
6 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos fragilis
1
6 Arthropoda
Amphipods Aeginella sp.
3
6 Annelida
Polychaete Capitela sp.
4
6 Annelida
Polychaete Cirriformia afer
3
6 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
2
6 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Dentalium sp
1
6 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
1
6 Chordata
Pisces
Fish Larva
1
6 Annelida
Polychaete Flabelligera sp
2
6 Annelida
Polychaete Glycera rouxi
3
6 Annelida
Polychaete
Harmathoe imbricata
2
6 Mollusca
Bivalvia Macoma sp
2
6 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiocomina sp.
3
6 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
2
6 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
1
6 Annelida
Polychaete Terebella sp
3
Total Number of Individuals
57
Number of Species
23
Shannon-Weaner
Index
3.04
Species Richness Index
5.44
7 Annelida
Polychaete
Arenicola marina
2
7 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
2
Total Number of Individuals
4
Number of Species
2
Shannon-Weaner
Index
0.69
Species Richness Index
0.72
32
8 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Dosinia sp
3
8 Mollusca
Gastropods Natica sp.
1
8 Echinodermata
Asteroidea Asterina gibossus
3
8 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
1
8 Annelida
Polychaete Glycera rouxi
1
8 Mollusca
Bivalvia Macoma sp
2
8 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
1
8 Annelida
Polychaete Orbinia sp.
2
Total Number of Individuals
14
Number of Species
8
Shannon-Weaner
Index
1.97
Species Richness Index
2.65
9 Annelida
Polychaete Driloneries sp.
2
9 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
1
9 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
2
9 Annelida
Polychaete Pectinaria sp.
1
9 Aschelminthes
Sipunculida Sipunculus sp
1
Total Number of Individuals
7
Number of Species
5
Shannon-Weaner
Index
1.55
Species Richness Index
2.06
10 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Cavolinia sp.
1
10 Mollusca
Gastropods Cavolinia sp.
2
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia Cobula sulcata
2
10 Arthropoda
Cumaceans
Diastylis sp
1
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Dosinia sp
3
10 Annelida
Polychaete Driloneries sp.
1
10 Arthropoda
Amphipods Gammarus sp.
1
10 Annelida
Polychaete Marphysa sp.
3
10 Annelida
Polychaete
Sabellaria vulgaris
2
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
1
10 Annelida
Polychaete
Goniada maculata
3
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Macoma sp
2
10 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
3
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
1
10 Mollusca
Bivalvia Tellina radiata
1
Total Number of Individuals
27
Number of Species
15
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.6
Species Richness Index
4.25
11 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Dosinia sp
1
11 Annelida
Polychaete Driloneries sp.
2
11 Arthropoda
Tanaids Emplectonema sp.
1
33
11 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
1
11 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
1
11 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
2
11 Chordata
Pisces
Fish
Larva
2
11 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
2
11 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Macoma sp
1
11 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
1
11 Mollusca
Gastropods Neptunea sp.
1
11 Mollusca
Bivalvia Plectopecten sp
2
11 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
2
11 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
1
11 Mollusca
Bivalvia Tellina radiata
2
11 Annelida
Polychaete Terebella sp
2
11 Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Trochostoma sp.
1
Total Number of Individuals
25
Number of Species
17
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.78
Species Richness Index
4.97
12 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Cavolinia sp.
1
12 Mollusca
Scaphopoda
Detalium longitrorsum
1
12 Arthropoda
Cumaceans
Diastylis sp
1
12 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Dosinia sp
2
12 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
4
12 Arthropoda
Tanaids
Leptochelia sp.
1
12 Annelida
Polychaete
Sabellaria vulgaris
4
12 Annelida
Polychaete Scoloplos fragilis
4
12 Arthropoda
Amphipods Aeginella sp.
1
12 Mollusca
Bivalvia Aloides trigona
4
12 Annelida
Polychaete Arabella sp.
3
12 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
4
12 Annelida
Polychaete Flabelligera sp
3
12 Annelida
Polychaete Glycera rouxi
3
12 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
1
12 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
3
12 Mollusca
Gastropods Neptunea sp.
4
12 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiocomina sp.
1
12 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiura textunata
1
12 Annelida
Polychaete Orbinia sp.
1
12 Annelida
Polychaete Pectinaria sp.
2
12 Mollusca
Bivalvia Plectopecten sp
1
12 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
2
12 Chordata
Pisces
Pytonichthys microphthalmus
4
12 Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Trochostoma sp.
3
Total Number of Individuals
59
Number of Species
25
34
Shannon-Weaner
Index
3.07
Species Richness Index
5.89
13 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Cavolinia sp.
2
13 Mollusca
Gastropods
Circineta callipyga
1
13 Annelida
Polychaete Driloneries sp.
1
13 Arthropoda
Mysids Heteromysis sp.
3
13 Annelida
Polychaete
Sabellaria vulgaris
2
13 Mollusca
Bivalvia Aloides trigona
1
13 Echinodermata
Asteroidea Asterina gibossus
3
13 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Dentalium sp
1
13 Annelida
Polychaete
Glycera dibranchiata
3
13 Annelida
Polychaete
Harmathoe imbricata
1
13 Annelida
Polychaete Lumbrinereis sp.
2
13 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Macoma sp
5
13 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys incisa
3
13 Annelida
Polychaete Ophelia sp.
1
13 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiura textunata
5
13 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
1
13 Chordata
Pisces
Pytonichthys microphthalmus
1
13 Mollusca
Bivalvia Tellina radiata
2
Total Number of Individuals
38
Number of Species
18
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.72
Species Richness Index
4.67
14 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Dosinia sp
1
14 Annelida
Polychaete Scoloplos fragilis
1
14 Annelida
Polychaete Arenicola marina
1
14 Echinodermata
Asteroidea Asterina gibossus
2
14 Annelida
Polychaete Capitela sp.
1
14 Arthropoda
Crustacea Corophium sp
4
14 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Dentalium sp
1
14 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
2
14 Echinodermata
Echiurus sp
2
14 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
2
14 Annelida
Polychaete Flabelligera sp
1
14 Annelida
Polychaete
Glycera dibranchiata
2
14 Annelida
Polychaete Glycera rouxi
4
14 Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea Ophiura textunata
2
14 Annelida
Polychaete Orbinia sp.
2
14 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
4
14 Annelida
Polychaete Terebella sp
2
14 Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Trochostoma sp.
1
Total Number of Individuals
35
Number of Species
18
35
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.76
Species Richness Index
4.78
15 Mollusca
Scaphopoda
Detalium longitrorsum
1
15 Annelida
Polychaete Driloneries sp.
2
15 Arthropoda
Amphipods Gammarus sp.
1
15 Arthropoda
Tanaids
Leptochelia sp.
2
15 Annelida
Polychaete Marphysa sp.
3
15 Annelida
Polychaete Scoloplos fragilis
3
15 Mollusca
Scaphopoda Dentalium sp
2
15 Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Echinocardium cordatum
1
15 Echinodermata
Echiurus sp
1
15 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ensis sp
1
15 Chordata
Pisces
Fish
Larva
3
15 Annelida
Polychaete
Glycera dibranchiata
3
15 Annelida
Polychaete
Goniada maculata
3
15 Annelida
Polychaete
Harmathoe imbricata
1
15 Annelida
Polychaete Nephtys sp.
2
15 Mollusca
Bivalvia
Pyrene sp.
1
15 Chordata
Pisces
Pytonichthys microphthalmus
3
15 Annelida
Polychaete
Scoloplos armiger
2
15 Aschelminthes
Sipunculida
Sipunculus sp
1
Total Number of Individuals
36
Number of Species
19
Shannon-Weaner
Index
2.84
Species Richness Index
5.02
36