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4	Mineral N fertilisers consumption – E.U.15 Member States, from 1930 to 1999 Source EFMA (Millions of tons of nitrogen per year).
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10	Some examples of positive actions A close interaction between research, government and farmers is a promising way of successful implementation of measures that lead to reduced use of N in agriculture and in the losses of nitrogen through nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilisation or soil erosion.
11	Denmark : National Nitrogen Management Program Initiated in 1987, Provided precise advice to farmers for accurate and moderate fertilisation mandatory soil winter cover balancing of livestock with available manure storage and spreadable land. a strict State control system including annual N budget and surplus for each farm. regular controls of practices at field level Results: Reduction of 28 % of nitrogen losses, and of 50% in the N surplus at farm level. In purely agricultural watersheds, a 20 % reduction of N load has been achieved Eutrophication of coastal waters is beginning to decrease.
12	Belgium-Wallonia Prop’eau-Sable The project started in 1997. The training and advisory input was intensified to reduce N fertilisation with respect of prevention of N losses to the waters. On 10 pilot farms, specific measures taken were: – reasonable fertilisation levels, including soil analysis; – enhancement of catch crops; – grassland maintenance; – manure export from farms with surpluses; – valorisation of organic manure; – soil tillage at the end of the summer – adapted crop rotation schemes. Farms showed an average reduction of 41% of the N content in 0-150cm soil profile
13	Greece - Thessaly Thessaly covers 14000km2 Total cultivated area 36% Over 3 decades there have been increases in Irrigation, Mechanization, HYV & increased nutrient use Action plan includes: Increased N use efficiency New irrigation techniques Cultivation of suitable crops Results Change in farmer attitude on crop fertilization Application of pre soiling N. Use of improved irrigation techniques
14	The Nitrates Directive Process It consists of 5 steps: 1. Detection of polluted or threatened waters (N) Human Health Protection, Living resources and aquatic ecosystems protection Eutrophication prevention (1 year monitoring) 2. Designation of “vulnerable zones” (NVZs) Areas of agricultural land with significant contribution to N pollution at watershed level 3. Code(s) of Good Agricultural Practices
15	The Nitrates Directive Process Continued 4. Action Programs within NVZs Code(s) of good agricultural practice becomes mandatory Other measures (nutrient balance, manure storage, spreading < 170 kg N organic/hectare/year) 5. National Monitoring Every 4 years on NO3 concentration Eutrophication Assessment of Action Programs impact Revision of renewable zones and action programs
16	Nutrient Removal Efficiency of BMPs in Terms of Removal of Nitrogen
17	Nutrient Removal Efficiency of BMPs in Terms of Removal of Phosphorous
18	Cost Effectiveness of BMPs in Reducing Nutrients
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21	OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS To benefit and learn from the experiences of: Poland Project Projects in European countries and the United States
22	"To help Black Sea and..." To help Black Sea and Baltic Sea riparian countries who are preparing/implementing Agricultural Pollution Control Projects. Provide a forum for exchange of experiences and lessons learnt.
23	OUTCOMES Development of a network within the region to learn from each other, to share experiences in order to mainstream environmentally friendly practices into agriculture.